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Directed Hamiltonicity and Out-Branchings via Generalized Laplacians

Björklund, Andreas LU ; Kaski, Petteri and Koutis, Ioannis (2017) 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming p.1-91
Abstract
We are motivated by a tantalizing open question in exact algorithms: can we detect whether an n-vertex directed graph G has a Hamiltonian cycle in time significantly less than 2^n? We present new randomized algorithms that improve upon several previous works: 1. We show that for any constant 0<lambda<1 and prime p we can count the Hamiltonian cycles modulo p^((1-lambda)n/(3p)) in expected time less than c^n for a constant c<2 that depends only on p and lambda. Such an algorithm was previously known only for the case of counting modulo two [Bj\"orklund and Husfeldt, FOCS 2013]. 2. We show that we can detect a Hamiltonian cycle in O^*(3^(n-alpha(G))) time and polynomial space, where alpha(G) is the size of the maximum independent... (More)
We are motivated by a tantalizing open question in exact algorithms: can we detect whether an n-vertex directed graph G has a Hamiltonian cycle in time significantly less than 2^n? We present new randomized algorithms that improve upon several previous works: 1. We show that for any constant 0<lambda<1 and prime p we can count the Hamiltonian cycles modulo p^((1-lambda)n/(3p)) in expected time less than c^n for a constant c<2 that depends only on p and lambda. Such an algorithm was previously known only for the case of counting modulo two [Bj\"orklund and Husfeldt, FOCS 2013]. 2. We show that we can detect a Hamiltonian cycle in O^*(3^(n-alpha(G))) time and polynomial space, where alpha(G) is the size of the maximum independent set in G. In particular, this yields an O^*(3^(n/2)) time algorithm for bipartite directed graphs, which is faster than the exponential-space algorithm in [Cygan et al., STOC 2013]. Our algorithms are based on the algebraic combinatorics of "incidence assignments" that we can capture through evaluation of determinants of Laplacian-like matrices, inspired by the Matrix--Tree Theorem for directed graphs. In addition to the novel algorithms for directed Hamiltonicity, we use the Matrix--Tree Theorem to derive simple algebraic algorithms for detecting out-branchings. Specifically, we give an O^*(2^k)-time randomized algorithm for detecting out-branchings with at least k internal vertices, improving upon the algorithms of [Zehavi, ESA 2015] and [Bj\"orklund et al., ICALP 2015]. We also present an algebraic algorithm for the directed k-Leaf problem, based on a non-standard monomial detection problem. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
publication status
published
subject
host publication
44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)
article number
91
pages
14 pages
conference name
44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming
conference location
Warsaw, Poland
conference dates
2017-07-10 - 2017-07-14
external identifiers
  • scopus:85027264495
DOI
10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.91
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
1322b88d-f2ea-461c-a46f-225bd8aee829
date added to LUP
2017-07-17 11:48:29
date last changed
2022-03-24 19:51:28
@inproceedings{1322b88d-f2ea-461c-a46f-225bd8aee829,
  abstract     = {{We are motivated by a tantalizing open question in exact algorithms: can we detect whether an n-vertex directed graph G has a Hamiltonian cycle in time significantly less than 2^n? We present new randomized algorithms that improve upon several previous works: 1. We show that for any constant 0&lt;lambda&lt;1 and prime p we can count the Hamiltonian cycles modulo p^((1-lambda)n/(3p)) in expected time less than c^n for a constant c&lt;2 that depends only on p and lambda. Such an algorithm was previously known only for the case of counting modulo two [Bj\"orklund and Husfeldt, FOCS 2013]. 2. We show that we can detect a Hamiltonian cycle in O^*(3^(n-alpha(G))) time and polynomial space, where alpha(G) is the size of the maximum independent set in G. In particular, this yields an O^*(3^(n/2)) time algorithm for bipartite directed graphs, which is faster than the exponential-space algorithm in [Cygan et al., STOC 2013]. Our algorithms are based on the algebraic combinatorics of "incidence assignments" that we can capture through evaluation of determinants of Laplacian-like matrices, inspired by the Matrix--Tree Theorem for directed graphs. In addition to the novel algorithms for directed Hamiltonicity, we use the Matrix--Tree Theorem to derive simple algebraic algorithms for detecting out-branchings. Specifically, we give an O^*(2^k)-time randomized algorithm for detecting out-branchings with at least k internal vertices, improving upon the algorithms of [Zehavi, ESA 2015] and [Bj\"orklund et al., ICALP 2015]. We also present an algebraic algorithm for the directed k-Leaf problem, based on a non-standard monomial detection problem.}},
  author       = {{Björklund, Andreas and Kaski, Petteri and Koutis, Ioannis}},
  booktitle    = {{44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{07}},
  pages        = {{1--91}},
  title        = {{Directed Hamiltonicity and Out-Branchings via Generalized Laplacians}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.91}},
  doi          = {{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.91}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}