The Dead Sea Future Elevation Based on Water and Salt Mass Balances
Bashitialshaaer, Raed LU ; Persson, Kenneth M LU and Aljaradin, Mohammad LU
(2011)
10.
p.163-189
- Abstract
- Water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled. Precipitation, evaporation, river discharges, ground water flows, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included in the models. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled using a single-layer (well-mixed) a two-layer (stratified) system.
Using the single-layer approach the water level was predicted to change from 411 m below mean sea level (bmsl) (in 1997) to 391 m and 479 m bmsl (in 2097) based on water mass balances including and excluding brine discharge, respectively, and to reach 402 m and 444 m for the two cases based on a salt mass balance. In the two-layer approach the water level after 100 years was predicted to change... (More) - Water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled. Precipitation, evaporation, river discharges, ground water flows, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included in the models. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled using a single-layer (well-mixed) a two-layer (stratified) system.
Using the single-layer approach the water level was predicted to change from 411 m below mean sea level (bmsl) (in 1997) to 391 m and 479 m bmsl (in 2097) based on water mass balances including and excluding brine discharge, respectively, and to reach 402 m and 444 m for the two cases based on a salt mass balance. In the two-layer approach the water level after 100 years was predicted to change from 411 m bmsl (1997) to 397 m and 488 m for a water mass balance including and excluding brine discharge, respectively, and to reach 387 m and 425 m for the two cases using a salt mass balance.
The water mixing time using the single-layer description increased from 58 to 116 years when excluding brine discharge. Using the two-layer approach the exchange or mixing time increased in both layers, when adding brine discharge to the system, from 1.2 to 1.7 years and 11 to 15.3 years in the upper and lower layers, respectively. Good agreement was found between the models and historical data. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2064976
- author
- Bashitialshaaer, Raed
LU
; Persson, Kenneth M
LU
and Aljaradin, Mohammad
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2011
- type
- Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Mixing time, Historical comparison, Single and Two-Layer system, Red Sea-Dead Sea Canal (RSDSC), Water-Salt balance, Dead Sea water level
- categories
- Popular Science
- host publication
- Handshacke across the Jordan : water and understanding
- editor
- Aufleger, Markus and Mett, Michael
- volume
- 10
- pages
- 163 - 189
- publisher
- Innsbruck University Press
- ISBN
- 978-3-902719-49-2
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- c6b40ad7-a697-47f4-bba9-52a1d0335202 (old id 2064976)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-04 10:20:01
- date last changed
- 2019-03-08 02:35:03
@inbook{c6b40ad7-a697-47f4-bba9-52a1d0335202,
abstract = {{Water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled. Precipitation, evaporation, river discharges, ground water flows, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included in the models. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled using a single-layer (well-mixed) a two-layer (stratified) system. <br/><br>
Using the single-layer approach the water level was predicted to change from 411 m below mean sea level (bmsl) (in 1997) to 391 m and 479 m bmsl (in 2097) based on water mass balances including and excluding brine discharge, respectively, and to reach 402 m and 444 m for the two cases based on a salt mass balance. In the two-layer approach the water level after 100 years was predicted to change from 411 m bmsl (1997) to 397 m and 488 m for a water mass balance including and excluding brine discharge, respectively, and to reach 387 m and 425 m for the two cases using a salt mass balance. <br/><br>
The water mixing time using the single-layer description increased from 58 to 116 years when excluding brine discharge. Using the two-layer approach the exchange or mixing time increased in both layers, when adding brine discharge to the system, from 1.2 to 1.7 years and 11 to 15.3 years in the upper and lower layers, respectively. Good agreement was found between the models and historical data.}},
author = {{Bashitialshaaer, Raed and Persson, Kenneth M and Aljaradin, Mohammad}},
booktitle = {{Handshacke across the Jordan : water and understanding}},
editor = {{Aufleger, Markus and Mett, Michael}},
isbn = {{978-3-902719-49-2}},
keywords = {{Mixing time; Historical comparison; Single and Two-Layer system; Red Sea-Dead Sea Canal (RSDSC); Water-Salt balance; Dead Sea water level}},
language = {{eng}},
pages = {{163--189}},
publisher = {{Innsbruck University Press}},
title = {{The Dead Sea Future Elevation Based on Water and Salt Mass Balances}},
volume = {{10}},
year = {{2011}},
}