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Legitimering av tvångsvård : Klienter och deras socialsekreterare om LVM

Runquist, Weddig LU (2012)
Abstract
The aim of this dissertation was to examine the legitimacy and the legitimizing of compulsory care for substance abusers according to LVM. For this purpose I have conducted, recorded and transcribed qualitative interviews with 80 clients – taken into such care in spring 2006 – and their social welfare officers when the clients were in compulsory care and then again about six months after its termination.

Five research questions were posed: (1) How do the social welfare officers justify and explain their decisions to initiate or apply for compulsory care according to LVM? (2) Do the targeted clients consider the decision justified when it was made, when the care is implemented, and some time after its termination? (3) To what... (More)
The aim of this dissertation was to examine the legitimacy and the legitimizing of compulsory care for substance abusers according to LVM. For this purpose I have conducted, recorded and transcribed qualitative interviews with 80 clients – taken into such care in spring 2006 – and their social welfare officers when the clients were in compulsory care and then again about six months after its termination.

Five research questions were posed: (1) How do the social welfare officers justify and explain their decisions to initiate or apply for compulsory care according to LVM? (2) Do the targeted clients consider the decision justified when it was made, when the care is implemented, and some time after its termination? (3) To what extent do social welfare officers and clients reach agreement about alternative placement during the care period (27 § LVM), and about measures to improve the social situation after its termination, which the social services are supposed to work actively for (30 § LVM)? (4) Which are the consequences of these agreements and measures in the clients’ own opinion – especially for their housing situation? (5) What overall conclusions can be drawn about the legitimacy of the act (LVM)?

Theories on accounts, last resorts and discretion were used in the analysis, which was both quantitative and qualitative and refined through analytic induction.

The social workers primarily justified their decisions as necessary to save their clients’ life; other accounts were to protect them or to discipline them. The clients’ attitude to coercion proved to be highly changeable over time. Some of them retained an unbroken negative attitude to their coercion and compulsory care, while others gradually accepted it. The crucial factor for the clients’ swing to a positive view of the compulsory care was the subjective benefit they ascribed to compulsory care, either during their stay in the LVM home or in the time after that, but the degree of participation in the planning and the decision also seems to have played a part.

The question of the legitimacy of LVM should also be answered on the basis of the outcome of the measures that the clients actually receive or do not receive after discharge from compulsory care. At the follow-up at least six months later the housing situation was slightly better than in the time immediately before being taken into care, while five clients at this time were once again forcibly taken into care and a further five were in prison. But even though at least a year had passed since they were originally taken into an LVM home, the majority of the rest of the clients still lacked a home of their own or a sublet flat.

LVM gives the possibility of taking measures against the individual’s express will, but the act is legitimated with the claim that compulsory care is nevertheless in the client’s interest since it is assumed to lead to an improvement in the client’s social situation. My dissertation shows, however, that this result is often not achieved. Although the clients often give some kind of retrospective consent, generally speaking their social situation is not improved. If the demand for evidence-based social work is to be taken seriously, this means that the legitimacy of LVM must be seriously questioned. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att undersöka tvångsvårdens legitimitet. För det ändamålet har jag genomfört, spelat in och transkriberat kvalitativa intervjuer med 80 klienter – som var föremål för LVM-vård våren 2006 – samt deras socialsekreterare när klienterna dels var intagna på LVM-hem och dels vid en uppföljning cirka sex månader efter tvångsvårdens slut.

Avhandlingen utgår från fem forskningsfrågor: (1) Hur motiverar och förklarar socialsekreterare sina ställningstaganden att initiera ett tvångsomhändertagande enligt LVM?; (2) Anser klienterna som varit föremål för LVM-vård att beslutet var befogat när det fattades, när vården verkställdes och en tid efter det att tvånget upphört?; (3) I vilken utsträckning har... (More)
Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att undersöka tvångsvårdens legitimitet. För det ändamålet har jag genomfört, spelat in och transkriberat kvalitativa intervjuer med 80 klienter – som var föremål för LVM-vård våren 2006 – samt deras socialsekreterare när klienterna dels var intagna på LVM-hem och dels vid en uppföljning cirka sex månader efter tvångsvårdens slut.

Avhandlingen utgår från fem forskningsfrågor: (1) Hur motiverar och förklarar socialsekreterare sina ställningstaganden att initiera ett tvångsomhändertagande enligt LVM?; (2) Anser klienterna som varit föremål för LVM-vård att beslutet var befogat när det fattades, när vården verkställdes och en tid efter det att tvånget upphört?; (3) I vilken utsträckning har socialsekreterare och klienter kommit överens om ”vård i annan form” medan klienterna fortfarande var föremål för tvångsvård (27 § LVM), och beträffande insatser efter avslutad tvångsvård då socialtjänsten aktivt skall verka för att ”den enskilde efter vårdtiden får bostad och arbete eller utbildning samt se till att han eller hon får personligt stöd eller behandling för att varaktigt komma ifrån sitt missbruk” (30 § LVM)?. (4) Har dessa åtgärder inneburit några förbättringar enligt klienterna själva efter avslutad LVM-vård, särskilt beträffande deras boendesituation? (5) Vilka samlade slutsatser kan dras om lagens legitimitet?

Teorier om accounts, last resorts och frontlinjebyråkraters discretion har använts i analysarbetet, vilket baseras på såväl kvalitativa som kvantitativa data.

Socialarbetarna motiverade sina beslut om att initiera tvångsomhändertagandet såsom nödvändiga för att rädda klienternas liv, eller för att beskydda eller disciplinera dem. Klienternas inställning till tvångsåtgärderna visade sig i hög grad vara föränderlig över tid. Några hade en obruten negativ attityd till tvångingripandet och LVM-vård, medan andra gradvis hade accepterat det. Avgörande för klienteras mer positiva syn på tvångsvård var den subjektivt upplevda nytta som de tillskrev tvångsvården, antingen under sin vistelse på LVM-hem eller efter utskrivningen. Graden av delaktighet i planering och beslut om efterföljande insatser tycks också ha spelat en roll för deras ställningstagande.

Frågan om LVM:s legitimitet bör också besvaras med utgångspunkt från utfallet av de insatser som klienterna till syvende och sist har erhållit – eller inte erhållit – efter avslutad LVM-vård genom att jämföra deras sociala situation omedelbart före tvångsomhändertagandet med den som de hade direkt efter avslutad LVM-vård. Medan nästan hälften hade oförändrade boendepositioner, hade de för resten i huvudsak försämrats under tvångsvården. Vid uppföljningstillfället minst sex månader senare var boendesituationen obetydligt bättre jämfört med tiden omedelbart före intagningen, samtidigt som fem klienter vid detta tillfälle på nytt var tvångsintagna enligt LVM och ytterligare fem satt i fängelse. Men trots att det då förflutit minst ett år sedan de ursprungligen blev intagna på LVM-hem saknade alltjämt en majoritet av de klienter, som inte på nytt var föremål för samhällets tvångsingripande, en egen bostad eller ett andrahandskontrakt.

LVM ger möjlighet att vidta insatser mot den enskildes uttryckliga vilja men lagen legitimeras med att tvångsvård ändå ligger i klientens intresse eftersom den antas leda till att den sociala situationen skall förbättras. Min avhandling visar emellertid att detta resultat ofta inte uppnås. Visserligen ger klienterna ofta ett slags samtycke i efterhand, men generellt sett förbättras inte deras sociala situation. Om kravet på evidensbaserat socialt arbete skall tas på allvar medför detta att legitimiteten för LVM starkt måste ifrågasättas. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Oscarsson, Lars, Ersta Sköndal högskola
organization
alternative title
Legitimation of compulsory care : Clients and their social welfare officers talk about LVM
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
accounts, social work, substance abusers, legitimacy, LVM, Compulsory care, last resorts, discretion
pages
440 pages
publisher
Égalité
defense location
Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5, Hus H, Lund
defense date
2012-11-30 10:15:00
ISBN
978-91-979039-6-7
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
30f92dc6-9e64-4d9d-9111-691da2ef7ad7 (old id 3164442)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:02:19
date last changed
2021-04-09 17:56:27
@phdthesis{30f92dc6-9e64-4d9d-9111-691da2ef7ad7,
  abstract     = {{The aim of this dissertation was to examine the legitimacy and the legitimizing of compulsory care for substance abusers according to LVM. For this purpose I have conducted, recorded and transcribed qualitative interviews with 80 clients – taken into such care in spring 2006 – and their social welfare officers when the clients were in compulsory care and then again about six months after its termination. <br/><br>
Five research questions were posed: (1) How do the social welfare officers justify and explain their decisions to initiate or apply for compulsory care according to LVM? (2) Do the targeted clients consider the decision justified when it was made, when the care is implemented, and some time after its termination? (3) To what extent do social welfare officers and clients reach agreement about alternative placement during the care period (27 § LVM), and about measures to improve the social situation after its termination, which the social services are supposed to work actively for (30 § LVM)? (4) Which are the consequences of these agreements and measures in the clients’ own opinion – especially for their housing situation? (5) What overall conclusions can be drawn about the legitimacy of the act (LVM)?<br/><br>
Theories on accounts, last resorts and discretion were used in the analysis, which was both quantitative and qualitative and refined through analytic induction. <br/><br>
The social workers primarily justified their decisions as necessary to save their clients’ life; other accounts were to protect them or to discipline them. The clients’ attitude to coercion proved to be highly changeable over time. Some of them retained an unbroken negative attitude to their coercion and compulsory care, while others gradually accepted it. The crucial factor for the clients’ swing to a positive view of the compulsory care was the subjective benefit they ascribed to compulsory care, either during their stay in the LVM home or in the time after that, but the degree of participation in the planning and the decision also seems to have played a part. <br/><br>
The question of the legitimacy of LVM should also be answered on the basis of the outcome of the measures that the clients actually receive or do not receive after discharge from compulsory care. At the follow-up at least six months later the housing situation was slightly better than in the time immediately before being taken into care, while five clients at this time were once again forcibly taken into care and a further five were in prison. But even though at least a year had passed since they were originally taken into an LVM home, the majority of the rest of the clients still lacked a home of their own or a sublet flat. <br/><br>
LVM gives the possibility of taking measures against the individual’s express will, but the act is legitimated with the claim that compulsory care is nevertheless in the client’s interest since it is assumed to lead to an improvement in the client’s social situation. My dissertation shows, however, that this result is often not achieved. Although the clients often give some kind of retrospective consent, generally speaking their social situation is not improved. If the demand for evidence-based social work is to be taken seriously, this means that the legitimacy of LVM must be seriously questioned.}},
  author       = {{Runquist, Weddig}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-979039-6-7}},
  keywords     = {{accounts; social work; substance abusers; legitimacy; LVM; Compulsory care; last resorts; discretion}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Égalité}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Legitimering av tvångsvård : Klienter och deras socialsekreterare om LVM}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}