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The immunological effect of revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine at 19 months of age

Andersen, Andreas ; Roth, Adam LU ; Jensen, Kristoffer Jarlov ; Erikstrup, Christian ; Lisse, Ida Marie ; Whittle, Hilton ; Sartono, Erliyani ; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria ; Aaby, Peter and Benn, Christine Stabell (2013) In Vaccine 31(17). p.2137-2144
Abstract
Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has important non-specific immune effects. In a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau, BCG revaccination was associated with significantly increased survival in children who received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-booster vaccine before enrolment and in children who did not receive micronutrient supplementation (MN). Within the trial we assessed the immunological effects of BCG revaccination. Methods: Children were randomized to BCG or nothing. Blood was sampled 6-11 weeks after randomization (early sample group) or 5-9 months later (late sample group). In vitro cytokine responses (interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-13, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-10) were assessed... (More)
Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has important non-specific immune effects. In a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau, BCG revaccination was associated with significantly increased survival in children who received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-booster vaccine before enrolment and in children who did not receive micronutrient supplementation (MN). Within the trial we assessed the immunological effects of BCG revaccination. Methods: Children were randomized to BCG or nothing. Blood was sampled 6-11 weeks after randomization (early sample group) or 5-9 months later (late sample group). In vitro cytokine responses (interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-13, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-10) were assessed in whole blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), purified protein derivative (PPD) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Effect-modification by sex, DTP-booster vaccination and MN was studied. Results: Cytokines were measured in 345 infants. BCG was associated with significantly increased IFN-gamma (geometric mean ratio (GMR) = 4.54 (95% confidence interval: 3.13-6.58)) and IL-13 (GMR = 1.43 (1.00-2.05)) PPD responses, the effect being strongest in the early sample group. Across all three conditions BCG tended to increase IL-10 (LPS, PHA, PPD: GMR = 1.20, 1.12, 1.20), most pronounced in the late sample group. BCG reduced the TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio in boys with DTP-booster at bleeding and increased it in those without (interaction test: p = 0.03). In children without MN, BCG was associated with reduced TNF-alpha response in the early sample group (p = 0.006), and increased IL-10 in the late sample group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: BCG revaccination resulted in a strong IFN-gamma response to PPD, which waned slightly over time. BCG also affected the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance, with reduced TNF-alpha and increased IL-10 responses to LPS, PHA and PPD. This effect depended on sex, DTP-booster vaccination and micronutrient supplementation, being most pronounced in children who had received DTP-booster before enrolment and children who had not received MN, i.e. the group of children which also had lower mortality after BCG revaccination. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)
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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
BCG, Immunology, Non-specific effects, DTP-booster, Micronutrients
in
Vaccine
volume
31
issue
17
pages
2137 - 2144
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • wos:000318329400006
  • scopus:84875842014
  • pmid:23474315
ISSN
1873-2518
DOI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.050
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
4d9987d6-5b6a-427c-a6df-b9bff156a6b7 (old id 3821559)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 09:59:36
date last changed
2022-04-04 01:22:01
@article{4d9987d6-5b6a-427c-a6df-b9bff156a6b7,
  abstract     = {{Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has important non-specific immune effects. In a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau, BCG revaccination was associated with significantly increased survival in children who received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-booster vaccine before enrolment and in children who did not receive micronutrient supplementation (MN). Within the trial we assessed the immunological effects of BCG revaccination. Methods: Children were randomized to BCG or nothing. Blood was sampled 6-11 weeks after randomization (early sample group) or 5-9 months later (late sample group). In vitro cytokine responses (interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-13, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-10) were assessed in whole blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), purified protein derivative (PPD) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Effect-modification by sex, DTP-booster vaccination and MN was studied. Results: Cytokines were measured in 345 infants. BCG was associated with significantly increased IFN-gamma (geometric mean ratio (GMR) = 4.54 (95% confidence interval: 3.13-6.58)) and IL-13 (GMR = 1.43 (1.00-2.05)) PPD responses, the effect being strongest in the early sample group. Across all three conditions BCG tended to increase IL-10 (LPS, PHA, PPD: GMR = 1.20, 1.12, 1.20), most pronounced in the late sample group. BCG reduced the TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio in boys with DTP-booster at bleeding and increased it in those without (interaction test: p = 0.03). In children without MN, BCG was associated with reduced TNF-alpha response in the early sample group (p = 0.006), and increased IL-10 in the late sample group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: BCG revaccination resulted in a strong IFN-gamma response to PPD, which waned slightly over time. BCG also affected the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance, with reduced TNF-alpha and increased IL-10 responses to LPS, PHA and PPD. This effect depended on sex, DTP-booster vaccination and micronutrient supplementation, being most pronounced in children who had received DTP-booster before enrolment and children who had not received MN, i.e. the group of children which also had lower mortality after BCG revaccination. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
  author       = {{Andersen, Andreas and Roth, Adam and Jensen, Kristoffer Jarlov and Erikstrup, Christian and Lisse, Ida Marie and Whittle, Hilton and Sartono, Erliyani and Yazdanbakhsh, Maria and Aaby, Peter and Benn, Christine Stabell}},
  issn         = {{1873-2518}},
  keywords     = {{BCG; Immunology; Non-specific effects; DTP-booster; Micronutrients}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{17}},
  pages        = {{2137--2144}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Vaccine}},
  title        = {{The immunological effect of revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine at 19 months of age}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.050}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.050}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}