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Effects of Probiotics and Plant Components on Murine Experimental Colitis and Acute Liver Failure

Osman, Nadia LU (2006)
Abstract
Acute liver failure is accompanied by a high rate of bacterial septic complications. High portal level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to a pronounced secretion by Kupffer cells of pro-inflammatory mediators which have been shown to be early and important mediators of liver injury. Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex; involving environmental, genetic, microbial, and immunological factors and treatment should target components mediate the inflammatory response. Probiotics and the non-absorbable carbohydrates as well as the fruit or vegetable extracts with high content of antioxidants could decrease the severity of liver failure and colonic inflammation. Three animal models were used, liver injury induced by... (More)
Acute liver failure is accompanied by a high rate of bacterial septic complications. High portal level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to a pronounced secretion by Kupffer cells of pro-inflammatory mediators which have been shown to be early and important mediators of liver injury. Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex; involving environmental, genetic, microbial, and immunological factors and treatment should target components mediate the inflammatory response. Probiotics and the non-absorbable carbohydrates as well as the fruit or vegetable extracts with high content of antioxidants could decrease the severity of liver failure and colonic inflammation. Three animal models were used, liver injury induced by D-galactosamine or by D-galactosamine and endotoxin, and colitis-induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).



Our aim is to study the physiological effects of some bacterial strains with probiotic potential and plant components with potential beneficial effects, in relation to inflammation.



The administration of certain strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium significantly improves the Disease Activity Index (DAI) in the DSS colitis model, reduces bacterial translocation and Enterobacteriaceae count in the colon. L. plantarum DSM 9843, Bifidobacterium sp. 3B1, and B. infantis DSM 15158 seem to have the best effect.



Oral administration of bifidobacteria and raftilose synergy 1 in an experimental colitis produced an anti-inflammatory effect (reducing DAI, bacterial translocation, MPO, IL-1? and MDA). Major differences in effect were observed between the two tested strains of B. infantis with regard to MDA and succinic acid concentration as well as bacterial translocation rate in synbiotic combinations, B. infantis DSM 15159 seemed superior.



L. plantarum strains (DSM 9843 and DSM 15313) and rose hip supplementation attenuates the inflammation, improves the intestinal barrier function and the antioxidative capacity, and facilitates the recovery of the inflamed tissue in an experimental colitis, through amelioration of the production of the inflammatory mediators as well as the production of different substances .



The administration of L. plantarum DSM 15313, L. fermentum 35D and blueberry, alone and in combination, significantly improves the colitis disease activity index, reduces bacterial translocation to extra-intestinal sites and reduces inflammation.



All test-strains except L. paracasei DSM 13434 inhibited bacterial translocation to the liver. L. paracasei translocated to the liver, and also failed to decrease the load of Enterobacteriaceae in cecum. L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158 were most effective at protecting the liver during injury. Thus, there are major effectual



differences between strains/species. In contrast, the phylogenetically most diverse strains, L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158 exercised the same good effects.



Blueberry and probiotics exert protective effects on acute liver injury to different extents. They reduced the hepatocytes liver injury, the inflammation and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improved the barrier functions and antioxidant activity.



In conclusion the effects of the probiotics and prebiotics on the intestinal micro-ecology are important and it produces a balance in the microbial environment with a reduction in the potentially pathogenic organisms. Their effects could be through direct and indirect effects on microflora ecology, barrier functions, cellular proliferation and antioxidant activity as well as the production of different substances. All that could affect the local and systemic immunity and lipid peroxidation. Thus probiotics and prebiotics may exert their effects via diverse mechanisms and there are effectual differences between probiotic strains. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Akut leversvikt medför hög risk för komplikationer orsakade av bakteriesepsis. Hög nivåer av lipopolysackarider (LPS; endotoxin) i det portala blodet kan leda till förhöjd sekretion av pro-inflammatoriska signalsubstanser från leverns Kupffer-celler, vilket har visats vara ett tidigt och viktigt tecken på leverskada. Patogenesen för inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom (?inflammatory bowel disease?; IBD) är komplex och involverar omgivningsrelaterade, genetiska, mikrobiella och immunologiska faktorer. Behandlingen bör därför riktas mot komponenter som påverkar den inflammatoriska reaktionen. Probiotika och icke digererbara kolhydrater liksom frukt och grönsaksextrakt med högt innehåll av antioxidanter kan... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Akut leversvikt medför hög risk för komplikationer orsakade av bakteriesepsis. Hög nivåer av lipopolysackarider (LPS; endotoxin) i det portala blodet kan leda till förhöjd sekretion av pro-inflammatoriska signalsubstanser från leverns Kupffer-celler, vilket har visats vara ett tidigt och viktigt tecken på leverskada. Patogenesen för inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom (?inflammatory bowel disease?; IBD) är komplex och involverar omgivningsrelaterade, genetiska, mikrobiella och immunologiska faktorer. Behandlingen bör därför riktas mot komponenter som påverkar den inflammatoriska reaktionen. Probiotika och icke digererbara kolhydrater liksom frukt och grönsaksextrakt med högt innehåll av antioxidanter kan minska skadeverkningarna av leversvikt och inflammation i kolon. Tre djurmodeller utnyttjades, leverskada inducerad via D-galaktosamin eller av D-galaktosamin och endotoxin, samt kolit inducerad via oral tillförsel av dextran-sulfat-natrium (?dextran sulfate sodium?; DSS).



Målsättningen har varit att klarlägga den fysiologiska effekten av några olika bakteriestammar med probiotisk potential och växtkomponenter med potentiellt välgörande effekter med avseende på inflammation.



Tillförsel av vissa Lactobacillus- och Bifidobacterium-stammar förbättrar sjukdomsindexet (?Disease Activity Index?; DAI) i den DSS-inducerade kolit modellen, reducerar den bakteriella translokationen och mängden Enterobacteriaceae i kolon. L. plantarum DSM 9843, Bifidobacterium 3B1 och B. infantis DSM 15158 uppvisade de bästa effekterna.



Oral tillförsel av bifidobakterier och Raftilose Synergy 1 (inulin och frukto-oligosackarider) gav antiinflammatoriska effekter i kolitmodellen (reducerade DAI, den bakteriella translokationen, myelenoperoxidasaktiviteten [MPA], nivån av cytokinet IL-1? och av malondialdehyd [MDA]). I kombination med Raftilose Synergy 1 kunde påtagliga skillnader i effekt noteras mellan de två testade stammarna av B. infantis med avseende på MDA, koncentrationen av bildad bärnstenssyra och bakteriell translokation. B. infantis DSM 15159 var bättre än B. infantis DSM 15158.



L. plantarum stammarna DSM 9843 och DSM 15313 motverkade tillsammans med nypon inflammationen i kolitmodellen samtidigt som barriärfunktionen i tarmen ökade, den oxidativa kapaciteten i tarmvävnaden höjdes



Tillförsel av plantarum DSM 15313, L. fermentum 35D och blåbär, var för sig och i kombination, förbättrade signifikant DAI i kolitmodellen samt reducerade inflammationen och den bakteriella translokationen. Vid behandling med en kombination av blåbär och L.



plantarum tycktes det ske en samverkan mellan de båda.



I leversviktsmodellen så kunde alla testade bakteriestammar utom L. paracasei DSM 13434 inhibera den bakteriella translokationen till levern. L. paracasei translokerade själv till levern och den kunde inte heller minska mängden Enterobacteriaceae i caecum. L. plantarum DSM 9843 och B. infantis DSM 15158 var de stammar som gav den bästa skyddseffekten vid leverskada. Följaktligen tycks det föreligga väsentliga skillnader i effekt mellan olika stammar och/eller arter. Anmärkningsvärt är dock att de fylogenetiskt högst olika stammarna, L. plantarum DSM 9843 och B. infantis DSM 15158, gav lika bra effekter.



Blåbär och probiotika skyddar båda på olika sätt mot leverskada. De förbättrar också tarmens barriärfunktion och den antioxidativa kapaciteten i levern.



Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att effekten av probiotika och prebiotika på mikroekologin i tarmen är viktig då de åstadkommer en balans i den mikrobiella miljön med en reduktion av potentiellt patogena bakterier som följd. Effekter av probiotika och prebiotika kan innebära både direkta och indirekta sådana på mikroflorans ekologi, på tarmens barriärfunktioner, på cellulär prolifiering i tarmslemhinnan, antioxidativ aktivitet och produktion av olika typer av komponenter. Vilket allt kan ha effekter på den lokala och systemiska immuniteten och lipidperoxidationen. Med andra ord så kan probiotika och prebiotika utöva sina effekter via en divers uppsättning mekanismer och där föreligger väsentliga skillnader i effekt mellan olika probiotiska stammar. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Dr. Jonkers, Daisy, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Maastricht, Netherlands
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
mykologi, virologi, bakteriologi, Mikrobiologi, mycology, bacteriology, virology, Rose hip, Microbiology, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Liver injury, Blueberry, Gastro-enterology, Colitis, Gastroenterologi, Food and drink technology, Livsmedelsteknik
pages
204 pages
publisher
Division of Food Technology, Lund University
defense location
Lecture hall B, the Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Getingevägen 60, Entrance E, Lund
defense date
2006-09-15 09:15:00
ISBN
91-7422-123-X
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
f2295a10-7202-48d4-acd9-a01bfdf68394 (old id 547070)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 12:01:35
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:08:34
@phdthesis{f2295a10-7202-48d4-acd9-a01bfdf68394,
  abstract     = {{Acute liver failure is accompanied by a high rate of bacterial septic complications. High portal level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to a pronounced secretion by Kupffer cells of pro-inflammatory mediators which have been shown to be early and important mediators of liver injury. Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex; involving environmental, genetic, microbial, and immunological factors and treatment should target components mediate the inflammatory response. Probiotics and the non-absorbable carbohydrates as well as the fruit or vegetable extracts with high content of antioxidants could decrease the severity of liver failure and colonic inflammation. Three animal models were used, liver injury induced by D-galactosamine or by D-galactosamine and endotoxin, and colitis-induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Our aim is to study the physiological effects of some bacterial strains with probiotic potential and plant components with potential beneficial effects, in relation to inflammation.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The administration of certain strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium significantly improves the Disease Activity Index (DAI) in the DSS colitis model, reduces bacterial translocation and Enterobacteriaceae count in the colon. L. plantarum DSM 9843, Bifidobacterium sp. 3B1, and B. infantis DSM 15158 seem to have the best effect.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Oral administration of bifidobacteria and raftilose synergy 1 in an experimental colitis produced an anti-inflammatory effect (reducing DAI, bacterial translocation, MPO, IL-1? and MDA). Major differences in effect were observed between the two tested strains of B. infantis with regard to MDA and succinic acid concentration as well as bacterial translocation rate in synbiotic combinations, B. infantis DSM 15159 seemed superior.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
L. plantarum strains (DSM 9843 and DSM 15313) and rose hip supplementation attenuates the inflammation, improves the intestinal barrier function and the antioxidative capacity, and facilitates the recovery of the inflamed tissue in an experimental colitis, through amelioration of the production of the inflammatory mediators as well as the production of different substances .<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The administration of L. plantarum DSM 15313, L. fermentum 35D and blueberry, alone and in combination, significantly improves the colitis disease activity index, reduces bacterial translocation to extra-intestinal sites and reduces inflammation.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
All test-strains except L. paracasei DSM 13434 inhibited bacterial translocation to the liver. L. paracasei translocated to the liver, and also failed to decrease the load of Enterobacteriaceae in cecum. L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158 were most effective at protecting the liver during injury. Thus, there are major effectual<br/><br>
<br/><br>
differences between strains/species. In contrast, the phylogenetically most diverse strains, L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158 exercised the same good effects.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Blueberry and probiotics exert protective effects on acute liver injury to different extents. They reduced the hepatocytes liver injury, the inflammation and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improved the barrier functions and antioxidant activity.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In conclusion the effects of the probiotics and prebiotics on the intestinal micro-ecology are important and it produces a balance in the microbial environment with a reduction in the potentially pathogenic organisms. Their effects could be through direct and indirect effects on microflora ecology, barrier functions, cellular proliferation and antioxidant activity as well as the production of different substances. All that could affect the local and systemic immunity and lipid peroxidation. Thus probiotics and prebiotics may exert their effects via diverse mechanisms and there are effectual differences between probiotic strains.}},
  author       = {{Osman, Nadia}},
  isbn         = {{91-7422-123-X}},
  keywords     = {{mykologi; virologi; bakteriologi; Mikrobiologi; mycology; bacteriology; virology; Rose hip; Microbiology; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Liver injury; Blueberry; Gastro-enterology; Colitis; Gastroenterologi; Food and drink technology; Livsmedelsteknik}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Division of Food Technology, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Effects of Probiotics and Plant Components on Murine Experimental Colitis and Acute Liver Failure}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}