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Keyhole effect in MIMO wireless Channels - Measurements and Theory

Almers, Peter LU ; Tufvesson, Fredrik LU orcid and Molisch, Andreas LU (2006) In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5(12). p.3596-3604
Abstract
It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole". In this paper the first unique measurements of this effect are presented. The measurements were performed in a controlled indoor environment that was designed to obtain a keyhole channel. We analyze limitations due to measurement imperfections for measurement-based capacity calculations and keyhole investigations. We further present a bound for the higher eigenmodes as a function of the finite measurement signal-to-noise ratio and multipath component leakage. The bound is compared to the measurement results and... (More)
It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole". In this paper the first unique measurements of this effect are presented. The measurements were performed in a controlled indoor environment that was designed to obtain a keyhole channel. We analyze limitations due to measurement imperfections for measurement-based capacity calculations and keyhole investigations. We further present a bound for the higher eigenmodes as a function of the finite measurement signal-to-noise ratio and multipath component leakage. The bound is compared to the measurement results and shows excellent agreement. Finally, we analyze the envelope distribution and, as expected from theory, it follows a double-Rayleigh distribution (Less)
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author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
measurements, pinhole, eigenvalue, double-Rayleigh, capacity, MIMO, keyhole
in
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
volume
5
issue
12
pages
3596 - 3604
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • wos:000242982400033
  • scopus:33845616650
ISSN
1536-1276
DOI
10.1109/TWC.2006.05025
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
a138c634-928f-4d4f-ab7e-eb3ced58b78e (old id 600950)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:32:52
date last changed
2022-03-22 19:26:10
@article{a138c634-928f-4d4f-ab7e-eb3ced58b78e,
  abstract     = {{It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole". In this paper the first unique measurements of this effect are presented. The measurements were performed in a controlled indoor environment that was designed to obtain a keyhole channel. We analyze limitations due to measurement imperfections for measurement-based capacity calculations and keyhole investigations. We further present a bound for the higher eigenmodes as a function of the finite measurement signal-to-noise ratio and multipath component leakage. The bound is compared to the measurement results and shows excellent agreement. Finally, we analyze the envelope distribution and, as expected from theory, it follows a double-Rayleigh distribution}},
  author       = {{Almers, Peter and Tufvesson, Fredrik and Molisch, Andreas}},
  issn         = {{1536-1276}},
  keywords     = {{measurements; pinhole; eigenvalue; double-Rayleigh; capacity; MIMO; keyhole}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{3596--3604}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications}},
  title        = {{Keyhole effect in MIMO wireless Channels - Measurements and Theory}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2006.05025}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TWC.2006.05025}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}