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Can patients at elevated risk of stroke treated with anticoagulants be further risk stratified?

Baruch, Lawrence ; Gage, Brian F. ; Horrow, Jay ; Juul-Möller, Steen LU ; Labovitz, Arthur ; Persson, Maria and Zabalgoitia, Miguel (2007) In Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation 38(9). p.2459-2463
Abstract
Background and Purpose - Patients with atrial fibrillation have a varied risk of stroke, depending on age and comorbid conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of stroke risk classification schemes and to identify patients with atrial fibrillation who are at substantial risk of stroke despite optimal anticoagulant therapy. Methods - Seven recognized classification schemes - the American College of Chest Physicians 2001, American College of Chest Physicians 2004, Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF), Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, Framingham, van Walraven, and CHADS(2) - were compared for their ability to predict ischemic stroke in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Data came from the... (More)
Background and Purpose - Patients with atrial fibrillation have a varied risk of stroke, depending on age and comorbid conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of stroke risk classification schemes and to identify patients with atrial fibrillation who are at substantial risk of stroke despite optimal anticoagulant therapy. Methods - Seven recognized classification schemes - the American College of Chest Physicians 2001, American College of Chest Physicians 2004, Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF), Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, Framingham, van Walraven, and CHADS(2) - were compared for their ability to predict ischemic stroke in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Data came from the Stroke Prevention using an ORal Thrombin Inhibitor in atrial Fibrillation III and V trials, which compared the efficacy of adjusted-dose warfarin and the direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran (36 mg twice daily) in preventing thromboembolic events in 7329 patients with chronic or paroxysmal nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were at moderate or high risk of ischemic stroke. The main outcome measure was ischemic stroke, as determined by a central event adjudication committee. Results - During 11 245 patient-years of follow-up, 159 patients had an ischemic stroke (1.4%/year). As indicated by c statistics and hazard ratios, 3 of the classification schemes predicted stroke significantly better than chance: Framingham (c = 0.64), CHADS2 (c = 0.65), and SPAF (c = 0.61). Conclusions - In a large cohort of atrial fibrillation patients at moderate or high risk of ischemic stroke treated with warfarin or ximelagatran, the CHADS2, SPAF, and Framingham schemes had greater predictive accuracy than chance. This predictive ability may allow clinicians to target high-risk patients for more aggressive intervention. (Less)
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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
anticoagulation, direct thrombin inhibitors, stroke, risk, prediction, atrial fibrillation
in
Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation
volume
38
issue
9
pages
2459 - 2463
publisher
American Heart Association
external identifiers
  • wos:000249028400013
  • scopus:34548274066
ISSN
1524-4628
DOI
10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.477133
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Emergency medicine/Medicine/Surgery (013240200)
id
7984c51f-1c86-45d5-8ac2-03f183bfadc8 (old id 688593)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 17:02:44
date last changed
2022-01-28 23:55:41
@article{7984c51f-1c86-45d5-8ac2-03f183bfadc8,
  abstract     = {{Background and Purpose - Patients with atrial fibrillation have a varied risk of stroke, depending on age and comorbid conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of stroke risk classification schemes and to identify patients with atrial fibrillation who are at substantial risk of stroke despite optimal anticoagulant therapy. Methods - Seven recognized classification schemes - the American College of Chest Physicians 2001, American College of Chest Physicians 2004, Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF), Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, Framingham, van Walraven, and CHADS(2) - were compared for their ability to predict ischemic stroke in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Data came from the Stroke Prevention using an ORal Thrombin Inhibitor in atrial Fibrillation III and V trials, which compared the efficacy of adjusted-dose warfarin and the direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran (36 mg twice daily) in preventing thromboembolic events in 7329 patients with chronic or paroxysmal nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were at moderate or high risk of ischemic stroke. The main outcome measure was ischemic stroke, as determined by a central event adjudication committee. Results - During 11 245 patient-years of follow-up, 159 patients had an ischemic stroke (1.4%/year). As indicated by c statistics and hazard ratios, 3 of the classification schemes predicted stroke significantly better than chance: Framingham (c = 0.64), CHADS2 (c = 0.65), and SPAF (c = 0.61). Conclusions - In a large cohort of atrial fibrillation patients at moderate or high risk of ischemic stroke treated with warfarin or ximelagatran, the CHADS2, SPAF, and Framingham schemes had greater predictive accuracy than chance. This predictive ability may allow clinicians to target high-risk patients for more aggressive intervention.}},
  author       = {{Baruch, Lawrence and Gage, Brian F. and Horrow, Jay and Juul-Möller, Steen and Labovitz, Arthur and Persson, Maria and Zabalgoitia, Miguel}},
  issn         = {{1524-4628}},
  keywords     = {{anticoagulation; direct thrombin inhibitors; stroke; risk; prediction; atrial fibrillation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{2459--2463}},
  publisher    = {{American Heart Association}},
  series       = {{Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation}},
  title        = {{Can patients at elevated risk of stroke treated with anticoagulants be further risk stratified?}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.477133}},
  doi          = {{10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.477133}},
  volume       = {{38}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}