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In vitro studies of the pharmacodynamics of teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium

Odenholt, Inga LU ; Lowdin, E and Cars, O (2003) In Clinical Microbiology and Infection 9(9). p.930-937
Abstract
Objective To investigate the basic pharmacodynamic properties of teicoplanin in vitro for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium. Methods The following experiments were performed: (1) bacterial killing by teicoplanin at different concentrations; (2) bacterial killing by teicoplanin at 8 x MIC against the same strains with inocula of 5x10(3), 5x10(5) and 5x10(7) CFU/mL; (3) studies of the postantibiotic effect (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PASME) of teicoplanin; (4) studies of the killing by teicoplanin in an in vitro kinetic model following exposure to simulated human serum pharmacokinetic concentrations (6 mg/kg OD at steady state). Results Concentration-dependent killing was noted... (More)
Objective To investigate the basic pharmacodynamic properties of teicoplanin in vitro for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium. Methods The following experiments were performed: (1) bacterial killing by teicoplanin at different concentrations; (2) bacterial killing by teicoplanin at 8 x MIC against the same strains with inocula of 5x10(3), 5x10(5) and 5x10(7) CFU/mL; (3) studies of the postantibiotic effect (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PASME) of teicoplanin; (4) studies of the killing by teicoplanin in an in vitro kinetic model following exposure to simulated human serum pharmacokinetic concentrations (6 mg/kg OD at steady state). Results Concentration-dependent killing was noted against S. epidermidis, with a >4 log(10) difference in CFUs between 2 x MIC and 64 x MIC at 24 h. Also, against S. aureus there was slight concentration-dependent killing, which, however, did not reach 2 log(10) CFU/mL. Teicoplanin exerted a similar killing rate at all inocula for S. epidermidis, except for slower initial killing up to 6 h at the highest inoculum. In contrast, overall slower killing at all inocula was seen for S. aureus, where an inoculum effect was noted at the highest inoculum. For E. faecium, only a bacteriostatic effect was noted at all concentrations and inocula. No or very short PAEs were noted for the investigated strains. However, when the strains in the postantibiotic phase were exposed to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 x MIC of teicoplanin (PASME), substantial prolongation of the PAEs was seen. Although no significant killing was achieved in our kinetic model for any of the strains, regrowth of S. epidermidis was noted first after 8 h, despite a T>MIC24 of only 5% (1.2 h), illustrating the long post-MIC effect for this strain. For S. aureus, T>MIC was 38%, and regrowth occurred later than for S. epidermidis. Neither killing nor regrowth was seen for E. faecium with a T>MIC24 of 27%. Conclusion Teicoplanin exerted a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect against S. epidermidis, a less notable one against S. aureus, and a bacteriostatic effect against E. faecium. A reduced killing rate with increasing inocula was seen for S. aureus and also for S. epidermidis at the highest inoculum. No or very short PAEs were noted for the investigated strains, but were substantially prolonged with the addition of subinhibitory concentrations. When human pharmacokinetics was simulated (6 mg/kg OD at steady state) in the kinetic model, no net bactericidal effect was noted for any of the strains at 24 h. (Less)
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author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
in vitro kinetic model, teicoplanin, pharmacodynamics
in
Clinical Microbiology and Infection
volume
9
issue
9
pages
930 - 937
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • wos:000185800400005
  • pmid:14616681
  • scopus:0141955119
ISSN
1469-0691
DOI
10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00692.x
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
8a10990d-b2bb-4c3e-be87-4cd10c811b6b (old id 899891)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 12:14:56
date last changed
2022-03-28 22:18:44
@article{8a10990d-b2bb-4c3e-be87-4cd10c811b6b,
  abstract     = {{Objective To investigate the basic pharmacodynamic properties of teicoplanin in vitro for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium. Methods The following experiments were performed: (1) bacterial killing by teicoplanin at different concentrations; (2) bacterial killing by teicoplanin at 8 x MIC against the same strains with inocula of 5x10(3), 5x10(5) and 5x10(7) CFU/mL; (3) studies of the postantibiotic effect (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PASME) of teicoplanin; (4) studies of the killing by teicoplanin in an in vitro kinetic model following exposure to simulated human serum pharmacokinetic concentrations (6 mg/kg OD at steady state). Results Concentration-dependent killing was noted against S. epidermidis, with a >4 log(10) difference in CFUs between 2 x MIC and 64 x MIC at 24 h. Also, against S. aureus there was slight concentration-dependent killing, which, however, did not reach 2 log(10) CFU/mL. Teicoplanin exerted a similar killing rate at all inocula for S. epidermidis, except for slower initial killing up to 6 h at the highest inoculum. In contrast, overall slower killing at all inocula was seen for S. aureus, where an inoculum effect was noted at the highest inoculum. For E. faecium, only a bacteriostatic effect was noted at all concentrations and inocula. No or very short PAEs were noted for the investigated strains. However, when the strains in the postantibiotic phase were exposed to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 x MIC of teicoplanin (PASME), substantial prolongation of the PAEs was seen. Although no significant killing was achieved in our kinetic model for any of the strains, regrowth of S. epidermidis was noted first after 8 h, despite a T>MIC24 of only 5% (1.2 h), illustrating the long post-MIC effect for this strain. For S. aureus, T>MIC was 38%, and regrowth occurred later than for S. epidermidis. Neither killing nor regrowth was seen for E. faecium with a T>MIC24 of 27%. Conclusion Teicoplanin exerted a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect against S. epidermidis, a less notable one against S. aureus, and a bacteriostatic effect against E. faecium. A reduced killing rate with increasing inocula was seen for S. aureus and also for S. epidermidis at the highest inoculum. No or very short PAEs were noted for the investigated strains, but were substantially prolonged with the addition of subinhibitory concentrations. When human pharmacokinetics was simulated (6 mg/kg OD at steady state) in the kinetic model, no net bactericidal effect was noted for any of the strains at 24 h.}},
  author       = {{Odenholt, Inga and Lowdin, E and Cars, O}},
  issn         = {{1469-0691}},
  keywords     = {{in vitro kinetic model; teicoplanin; pharmacodynamics}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{930--937}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Clinical Microbiology and Infection}},
  title        = {{In vitro studies of the pharmacodynamics of teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00692.x}},
  doi          = {{10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00692.x}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}