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Cytochrome b561, copper, β-cleaved amyloid precursor protein and niemann-pick C1 protein are involved in ascorbate-induced release and membrane penetration of heparan sulfate from endosomal S-nitrosylated glypican-1

Cheng, Fang LU ; Fransson, Lars Åke LU and Mani, Katrin LU orcid (2017) In Experimental Cell Research 360(2). p.171-179
Abstract

Ascorbate-induced release of heparan sulfate from S-nitrosylated heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 takes place in endosomes. Heparan sulfate penetrates the membrane and is transported to the nucleus. This process is dependent on copper and on expression and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. It remains unclear how exogenously supplied ascorbate can generate HS-anMan in endosomes and how passage through the membrane is facilitated. Here we have examined wild-type, Alzheimer Tg2576 and amyloid precursor protein (-/-) mouse fibroblasts and human fetal and Niemann-Pick C1 fibroblasts by using deconvolution immunofluorescence microscopy, siRNA technology and [S35]sulfate-labeling, vesicle isolation and gel... (More)

Ascorbate-induced release of heparan sulfate from S-nitrosylated heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 takes place in endosomes. Heparan sulfate penetrates the membrane and is transported to the nucleus. This process is dependent on copper and on expression and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. It remains unclear how exogenously supplied ascorbate can generate HS-anMan in endosomes and how passage through the membrane is facilitated. Here we have examined wild-type, Alzheimer Tg2576 and amyloid precursor protein (-/-) mouse fibroblasts and human fetal and Niemann-Pick C1 fibroblasts by using deconvolution immunofluorescence microscopy, siRNA technology and [S35]sulfate-labeling, vesicle isolation and gel chromatography. We found that ascorbate-induced release of heparan sulfate was dependent on expression of endosomal cytochrome b561. Formation and nuclear transport of heparan sulfate was suppressed by inhibition of β-processing of the amyloid precursor protein and formation was restored by copper (I) ions. Membrane penetration was not dependent on amyloid beta channel formation. Inhibition of endosomal exit resulted in accumulation of heparan sulfate in vesicles that exposed the C-terminal of the amyloid precursor protein externally. Endosome-to-nucleus transport was also dependent on expression of the Niemann-Pick C1 protein. We propose that ascorbate is taken up from the medium and is oxidized by cytochrome b561 which, in turn, reduces copper (II) to copper (I) present in the N-terminal, β-cleaved domain of the amyloid precursor protein. Re-oxidation of copper (I) is coupled to reductive, deaminative release of heparan sulfate from glypican-1. Passage through the membrane may be facilitated by the C-terminal, β-cleaved fragment of the amyloid precursor protein and the Niemann-Pick C1 protein.

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author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Amyloid precursor protein, Ascorbic acid, Cytochrome, Glypican-1, Heparan sulfate, Niemann-Pick C1, Nitric oxide, Proteoglycan
in
Experimental Cell Research
volume
360
issue
2
pages
171 - 179
publisher
Academic Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:28893506
  • wos:000414888000013
  • scopus:85029232595
ISSN
0014-4827
DOI
10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.003
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
de33d34d-5323-46e5-be83-d2c6e3ea7d7b
date added to LUP
2017-10-04 11:08:07
date last changed
2024-01-14 06:21:18
@article{de33d34d-5323-46e5-be83-d2c6e3ea7d7b,
  abstract     = {{<p>Ascorbate-induced release of heparan sulfate from S-nitrosylated heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 takes place in endosomes. Heparan sulfate penetrates the membrane and is transported to the nucleus. This process is dependent on copper and on expression and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. It remains unclear how exogenously supplied ascorbate can generate HS-anMan in endosomes and how passage through the membrane is facilitated. Here we have examined wild-type, Alzheimer Tg2576 and amyloid precursor protein (-/-) mouse fibroblasts and human fetal and Niemann-Pick C1 fibroblasts by using deconvolution immunofluorescence microscopy, siRNA technology and [S<sup>35</sup>]sulfate-labeling, vesicle isolation and gel chromatography. We found that ascorbate-induced release of heparan sulfate was dependent on expression of endosomal cytochrome b561. Formation and nuclear transport of heparan sulfate was suppressed by inhibition of β-processing of the amyloid precursor protein and formation was restored by copper (I) ions. Membrane penetration was not dependent on amyloid beta channel formation. Inhibition of endosomal exit resulted in accumulation of heparan sulfate in vesicles that exposed the C-terminal of the amyloid precursor protein externally. Endosome-to-nucleus transport was also dependent on expression of the Niemann-Pick C1 protein. We propose that ascorbate is taken up from the medium and is oxidized by cytochrome b561 which, in turn, reduces copper (II) to copper (I) present in the N-terminal, β-cleaved domain of the amyloid precursor protein. Re-oxidation of copper (I) is coupled to reductive, deaminative release of heparan sulfate from glypican-1. Passage through the membrane may be facilitated by the C-terminal, β-cleaved fragment of the amyloid precursor protein and the Niemann-Pick C1 protein.</p>}},
  author       = {{Cheng, Fang and Fransson, Lars Åke and Mani, Katrin}},
  issn         = {{0014-4827}},
  keywords     = {{Amyloid precursor protein; Ascorbic acid; Cytochrome; Glypican-1; Heparan sulfate; Niemann-Pick C1; Nitric oxide; Proteoglycan}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{171--179}},
  publisher    = {{Academic Press}},
  series       = {{Experimental Cell Research}},
  title        = {{Cytochrome b561, copper, β-cleaved amyloid precursor protein and niemann-pick C1 protein are involved in ascorbate-induced release and membrane penetration of heparan sulfate from endosomal S-nitrosylated glypican-1}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.003}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.003}},
  volume       = {{360}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}