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Lönande lärande - teknologisk förändring, yrkesskicklighet och lön i svensk verkstadsindustri omrking 1900

Lundh Nilsson, Fay LU (2007)
Abstract
Sweden experienced a remarkable economic growth in the period 1890-1930, to a large extent due to a very successful adaptation of core elements of the Second Industrial Revolution such as electricity and mechanical engineering. Theoretically this thesis aims at discussing changes in the balance between the relative demand for skilled and unskilled labour during the first phase of the Second Industrial Revolution from two perspectives: the possible degradation of work according to Braverman (1974) and a possible technology-skill complementarity according to Goldin & Katz (1996). The thesis consists of two part-studies, both of them based on unique source material containing detailed information on individual and firm levels. The first... (More)
Sweden experienced a remarkable economic growth in the period 1890-1930, to a large extent due to a very successful adaptation of core elements of the Second Industrial Revolution such as electricity and mechanical engineering. Theoretically this thesis aims at discussing changes in the balance between the relative demand for skilled and unskilled labour during the first phase of the Second Industrial Revolution from two perspectives: the possible degradation of work according to Braverman (1974) and a possible technology-skill complementarity according to Goldin & Katz (1996). The thesis consists of two part-studies, both of them based on unique source material containing detailed information on individual and firm levels. The first part-study is a cross-sectional study using the information on about 1,800 individuals from 11 workshops in the Stockholm region. The study traces the extent to which employers? requirements of the labour force were reflected in the wage-determining factors, in particular education and experience. The dynamics of the cross-sectional study are provided by a typological model created from several indicators, such as degree of mechanisation, proportions of new and old labour, specialised/diversified manufacturing etc., which makes it possible to study differences between older and newer firms in regard to skill profiles and wages. The second part-study makes use of wage series for a single firm for the period 1892-1922 as well as relative wages for the whole engineering industry for the period 1874-1900. Methodologically the thesis makes use of Mincerian equations to test for the relationship between wages, skills, experience, and education among other things.



The thesis shows that the rapid development of the Swedish engineering industry was facilitated by the fact that substantial human capital had been accumulated in the engineering industry by the end of the 1800s. The combination of a compulsory elementary education, a relatively large interest in supplementary formal education among the workshop employees, most often in the form of lower technical education, and knowledge based on experience and influence from abroad meant that there were good prerequisites for the new technology to be put into practice and developed within the expanding industry. The most important wage-determining factor was experience, but formal education had started to gain an increasing importance.



The thesis also shows that relative demand for skilled labour generally increased in the engineering industry during the first phase of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that the concepts of work skills in the more modern firms shifted towards an interpretation quite different from that which prevailed in the older engineering industry. It is also shown that the relative demand for skilled labour decreased in the rationalisation period that preceded the Second Industrial Revolution. The empirical results of the study of the relative demand for skilled labour thus show that the demands for skills were linked to cyclical changes in economic development. This interpretation of the course of events points to the possibility that the relative demand for skilled labour again turned downwards in the next rationalisation phase starting around 1910. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Av de industrier som kom att spela en viktig roll för den starka ekonomiska utvecklingen i Sverige från 1890-talet och framåt befann sig den moderna verkstadsindustrin i frontlinjen. Syftet med denna avhandling är att diskutera hur de teknologiska förändringar som präglade den andra industriella revolutionens inledande fas påverkade den relativa efterfrågan på yrkesskicklig respektive icke-yrkesskicklig arbetskraft. Detta görs utifrån två teoretiska perspektiv: Bravermans (1974) tes om arbetets degradering och Goldin & Katz 1996) tes om komplementaritet mellan teknologisk förändring och yrkesskicklighet. Avhandlingen består av två delstudier, som båda baseras på ett unikt källmaterial på... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Av de industrier som kom att spela en viktig roll för den starka ekonomiska utvecklingen i Sverige från 1890-talet och framåt befann sig den moderna verkstadsindustrin i frontlinjen. Syftet med denna avhandling är att diskutera hur de teknologiska förändringar som präglade den andra industriella revolutionens inledande fas påverkade den relativa efterfrågan på yrkesskicklig respektive icke-yrkesskicklig arbetskraft. Detta görs utifrån två teoretiska perspektiv: Bravermans (1974) tes om arbetets degradering och Goldin & Katz 1996) tes om komplementaritet mellan teknologisk förändring och yrkesskicklighet. Avhandlingen består av två delstudier, som båda baseras på ett unikt källmaterial på individ- och företagsnivå. I den första delstudien, som är en tvärsnittsundersökning, används data för cirka 1 800 individer på 11 verkstadsföretag i Stockholmsregionen. Här undersöks i vilken utsträckning arbetsgivarnas krav på arbetskraften återspeglar sig i lönens bestämningsfaktorer med särskild inriktning på utbildning och erfarenhet. Tvärsnittsstudien har tillförts dynamik med hjälp av en typologisk modell som skapats utifrån ett antal indikatorer såsom mekaniseringsgrad, andel ny och gammal arbetskraft, specialiserad/diversifierad produktion etc., vilket gör det möjligt att studera skillnader mellan äldre och nyare företag då det gäller yrkesskicklighet och lön. Den andra delstudien bygger dels på löneserier från ett enskilt företag för perioden 1892-1922, dels på relativlöner för hela verkstadsindustrin under perioden 1874-1900. I avhandlingen används Mincerekvationer för att pröva sambandet mellan lön å ena sidan och yrkesskicklighet, erfarenhet, utbildning m.m. å andra sidan.



Avhandlingen visar att den snabba utvecklingen av svensk verkstadsindustri i hög grad underlättades av att ett betydande humankapital hade ackumulerats i branschen i slutet av 1800-talet. Kombinationen av en obligatorisk elementär utbildning, ett relativt stort intresse för kompletterande formell utbildning bland verkstadsarbetarna, oftast i form av lägre teknisk utbildning samt kunskap grundad på erfarenhet och influenser utifrån, innebar att det fanns goda förutsättningar för att den nya teknologin skulle kunna omsättas i praktiken och utvecklas inom den expanderande industrin. Den viktigaste lönebestämmande faktorn var fortfarande erfarenhet, men även formell utbildning hade börjat få betydelse för verkstadsarbetarnas löneutveckling.



I avhandlingen visas också att den relativa efterfrågan på yrkesskicklig arbetskraft ökade i verkstadsindustrin under den första fasen av den andra industriella revolutionen, men att innehållet i begreppet yrkesskicklighet i de modernare företagen försköts mot ett annat innehåll än i den äldre verkstadsindustrin. Det visas också att behovet av och efterfrågan på yrkesskicklig arbetskraft minskade under den rationaliseringsfas som föregick den andra industriella revolutionen. De empiriska resultaten från studien av relativlönernas utveckling i verkstadsindustrin visar således att den relativa efterfrågan på yrkesskicklighet var knuten till de stora cykliska förloppen i den ekonomiska utvecklingen, snarare än att förändringarna inträffade en gång för alla, vilket såväl Braverman som Goldin & Katz hävdat, om än utifrån motsatta ståndpunkter. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Docent Berggren, Lars, Historiska institutionen, Lunds universitet
organization
alternative title
Profitable Learning – technological change, skills and wages in the Swedish engineering industry around 1900
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
second industrial revolution, engineering industry, recruitment, internal labour markets, human capital, experience, vocational education, ucation, skills, technological change, wages, Social and economic history, Ekonomisk och social historia
pages
230 pages
publisher
Almqvist & Wiksell International
defense location
Holger Crafoords Ekonomicentrum, Tycho Brahes väg 1, 220 07 Lund
defense date
2007-03-31 10:15:00
ISBN
978-91-22-02168
project
LU-MADD. Lund University Macroeconomic and Demographic Database
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
c70539ee-5b55-4ae1-bc41-bd4b06e06dcd (old id 27021)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:25:05
date last changed
2021-09-16 13:41:21
@phdthesis{c70539ee-5b55-4ae1-bc41-bd4b06e06dcd,
  abstract     = {{Sweden experienced a remarkable economic growth in the period 1890-1930, to a large extent due to a very successful adaptation of core elements of the Second Industrial Revolution such as electricity and mechanical engineering. Theoretically this thesis aims at discussing changes in the balance between the relative demand for skilled and unskilled labour during the first phase of the Second Industrial Revolution from two perspectives: the possible degradation of work according to Braverman (1974) and a possible technology-skill complementarity according to Goldin &amp; Katz (1996). The thesis consists of two part-studies, both of them based on unique source material containing detailed information on individual and firm levels. The first part-study is a cross-sectional study using the information on about 1,800 individuals from 11 workshops in the Stockholm region. The study traces the extent to which employers? requirements of the labour force were reflected in the wage-determining factors, in particular education and experience. The dynamics of the cross-sectional study are provided by a typological model created from several indicators, such as degree of mechanisation, proportions of new and old labour, specialised/diversified manufacturing etc., which makes it possible to study differences between older and newer firms in regard to skill profiles and wages. The second part-study makes use of wage series for a single firm for the period 1892-1922 as well as relative wages for the whole engineering industry for the period 1874-1900. Methodologically the thesis makes use of Mincerian equations to test for the relationship between wages, skills, experience, and education among other things.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The thesis shows that the rapid development of the Swedish engineering industry was facilitated by the fact that substantial human capital had been accumulated in the engineering industry by the end of the 1800s. The combination of a compulsory elementary education, a relatively large interest in supplementary formal education among the workshop employees, most often in the form of lower technical education, and knowledge based on experience and influence from abroad meant that there were good prerequisites for the new technology to be put into practice and developed within the expanding industry. The most important wage-determining factor was experience, but formal education had started to gain an increasing importance.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The thesis also shows that relative demand for skilled labour generally increased in the engineering industry during the first phase of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that the concepts of work skills in the more modern firms shifted towards an interpretation quite different from that which prevailed in the older engineering industry. It is also shown that the relative demand for skilled labour decreased in the rationalisation period that preceded the Second Industrial Revolution. The empirical results of the study of the relative demand for skilled labour thus show that the demands for skills were linked to cyclical changes in economic development. This interpretation of the course of events points to the possibility that the relative demand for skilled labour again turned downwards in the next rationalisation phase starting around 1910.}},
  author       = {{Lundh Nilsson, Fay}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-22-02168}},
  keywords     = {{second industrial revolution; engineering industry; recruitment; internal labour markets; human capital; experience; vocational education; ucation; skills; technological change; wages; Social and economic history; Ekonomisk och social historia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Almqvist & Wiksell International}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Lönande lärande - teknologisk förändring, yrkesskicklighet och lön i svensk verkstadsindustri omrking 1900}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}