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Improving initial xylose metabolism in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Gárdonyi, Márk LU (2002)
Abstract
The aim of the thesis is to improve the initial steps of xylose metabolism in recombinant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.



<i>S. cerevisiae</i> takes up xylose of poor affinity by means of hexose transporters. Metabolic control analysis was used to investigate whether the low xylose utilisation rate is due to inefficient transport. Xylose transport was found to have little control over the aerobic xylose utilisation rate in strain TMB3001, due to its high steady-state intracellular xylose concentration. In strain TMB3260, due to the overexpression of xylose reductase (XR), the intracellular xylose concentration was lower than in TMB3001 and transport had stronger control over the xylose flux at... (More)
The aim of the thesis is to improve the initial steps of xylose metabolism in recombinant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.



<i>S. cerevisiae</i> takes up xylose of poor affinity by means of hexose transporters. Metabolic control analysis was used to investigate whether the low xylose utilisation rate is due to inefficient transport. Xylose transport was found to have little control over the aerobic xylose utilisation rate in strain TMB3001, due to its high steady-state intracellular xylose concentration. In strain TMB3260, due to the overexpression of xylose reductase (XR), the intracellular xylose concentration was lower than in TMB3001 and transport had stronger control over the xylose flux at low extracellular xylose concentrations.



<i>Candida intermedia</i> PYCC4715 was identified as being a yeast very efficient in utilising xylose. Kinetic characterisation of the xylose transport revealed the presence of a low-affinity facilitated diffusion system and a high-affinity proton symport system. The former appeared to be constitutive, whereas the latter was repressed by glucose and xylose. Both systems were of high capacity compared with known transport systems from other xylose utilising yeasts, which may facilitate cloning in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.



The conversion of xylose to xylulose by XR and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) leads to an imbalance in cofactor regeneration. This, in turn, results in the excretion of xylitol by xylose-utilising recombinant <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. Xylitol production can be circumvented by substituting xylose isomerase (XI) for XR and XDH. XI from <i>Streptomyces rubiginosus</i> was expressed inactively in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> due to misfolding of the protein.



XI from <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> is actively expressed in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, but possesses insufficient activity at 30°C. Three mutants were isolated after error-prone PCR and selection in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Although the catalytic rate constants were 5-9 fold as high for the mutants as for the wild type enzyme, but the catalytic efficiency was not improved significantly. The mutats have lower sensitivity to inhibition by xylitol, which makes them especially suitable for expression in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor de Winde, J. Han, Holland
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Biokemisk teknik, Biochemical technology, xylose isomerase, xylose transport, xylose fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metabolic engineering
pages
44 pages
publisher
Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University
defense location
Kemicentrum, Sölvegatan 39, Lund, hörsal B
defense date
2002-09-23 10:15:00
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: I. M. Gárdonyi, M. Jeppsson, G. Lidén, M-F. Gorwa-Grauslund, B. Hahn-Hägerdal: Control of xylose consumption by xylose transport in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Submitted Article: II. M. Gárdonyi, M. Österberg, C. Rodrigues, I. Spencer-Martins, B. Hahn-Hägerdal: High capacity xylose transport in Candida intermedia PYCC 4715. Accepted for publication in FEMS Yeast Research Article: III. M. Gárdonyi, B. Hahn-Hägerdal: The Streptomyces rubiginosus xylose isomerase is misfolded when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Submitted Article: IV. A. Lönn, M. Gárdonyi, W. van Zyl, B. Hahn-Hägerdal, R. Cordero Otero (2002): Cold adaptation of xylose isomerase from Thermus thermophilus through random PCR mutagenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 269:157-163
id
cefbdf66-fdda-4e32-a118-ce81b83694ab (old id 464823)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:23:59
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:04:35
@phdthesis{cefbdf66-fdda-4e32-a118-ce81b83694ab,
  abstract     = {{The aim of the thesis is to improve the initial steps of xylose metabolism in recombinant &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
&lt;i&gt;S. cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; takes up xylose of poor affinity by means of hexose transporters. Metabolic control analysis was used to investigate whether the low xylose utilisation rate is due to inefficient transport. Xylose transport was found to have little control over the aerobic xylose utilisation rate in strain TMB3001, due to its high steady-state intracellular xylose concentration. In strain TMB3260, due to the overexpression of xylose reductase (XR), the intracellular xylose concentration was lower than in TMB3001 and transport had stronger control over the xylose flux at low extracellular xylose concentrations.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
&lt;i&gt;Candida intermedia&lt;/i&gt; PYCC4715 was identified as being a yeast very efficient in utilising xylose. Kinetic characterisation of the xylose transport revealed the presence of a low-affinity facilitated diffusion system and a high-affinity proton symport system. The former appeared to be constitutive, whereas the latter was repressed by glucose and xylose. Both systems were of high capacity compared with known transport systems from other xylose utilising yeasts, which may facilitate cloning in &lt;i&gt;S. cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The conversion of xylose to xylulose by XR and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) leads to an imbalance in cofactor regeneration. This, in turn, results in the excretion of xylitol by xylose-utilising recombinant &lt;i&gt;S. cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;. Xylitol production can be circumvented by substituting xylose isomerase (XI) for XR and XDH. XI from &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces rubiginosus&lt;/i&gt; was expressed inactively in &lt;i&gt;S. cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; due to misfolding of the protein.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
XI from &lt;i&gt;Thermus thermophilus&lt;/i&gt; is actively expressed in &lt;i&gt;S. cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;, but possesses insufficient activity at 30°C. Three mutants were isolated after error-prone PCR and selection in &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;. Although the catalytic rate constants were 5-9 fold as high for the mutants as for the wild type enzyme, but the catalytic efficiency was not improved significantly. The mutats have lower sensitivity to inhibition by xylitol, which makes them especially suitable for expression in &lt;i&gt;S. cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;.}},
  author       = {{Gárdonyi, Márk}},
  keywords     = {{Biokemisk teknik; Biochemical technology; xylose isomerase; xylose transport; xylose fermentation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; metabolic engineering}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Improving initial xylose metabolism in recombinant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>}},
  year         = {{2002}},
}