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Escherichia coli Fimbriae, Bacterial Persistence and Host Response Induction in the Human Urinary Tract

Bergsten, Göran LU (2004)
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Symptomatic UTIs may be acute, recurrent or chronic but the most frequent form of UTI is asymptomatic bacteruria (ABU). In ABU, the mucosa remains inert, despite the presence of large bacterial numbers in urine. The difference in disease severity reflects the virulence of the infecting strain and the propensity of the host to respond to infection. It is essential to understand the molecular basis of disease diversity and the molecular interactions between bacteria and host that determine asymptomatic carriage and the transition to disease. This thesis concerns the initial interactions between bacteria with the mucosal surfaces in the human urinary... (More)
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Symptomatic UTIs may be acute, recurrent or chronic but the most frequent form of UTI is asymptomatic bacteruria (ABU). In ABU, the mucosa remains inert, despite the presence of large bacterial numbers in urine. The difference in disease severity reflects the virulence of the infecting strain and the propensity of the host to respond to infection. It is essential to understand the molecular basis of disease diversity and the molecular interactions between bacteria and host that determine asymptomatic carriage and the transition to disease. This thesis concerns the initial interactions between bacteria with the mucosal surfaces in the human urinary tract, and the bacterial factors involved in the breach of mucosal inertia. Specifically, the contribution of P and type 1 fimbriae to bacterial establishment and host response induction are investigated.



The human bacteriuria model was used, since ABU protects against infections with more virulent strains. To study the role of adherence in UTI an <i>Escherichia coli</i> ABU strain, which does not express adherence factors, was transformed with DNA sequences encoding P or type 1 fimbriae and used for deliberate inoculation of patients with a history of recurrent UTI.



P fimbriae were shown to provide a colonization advantage during the first days of bacterial establishment, as compared to the ABU strain lacking P fimbriae. In addition, P fimbriated E. coli were shown to trigger the innate mucosal responses, with increases in urine IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations, and recruitment of neutrophils. This effect was adhesion dependent, as shown by inoculations with a P fimbriated mutant lacking the PapG, adhesin. The P fimbriated bacteria adhered to uroepithelial cells in vivo, but adherence was not observed with the <i>papG</i> deletion mutant. After similar inoculations, type 1 fimbriae were not found to help the establishment of bacteriuria or the mucosal host response in the human urinary tract. This is surprising as type 1 fimbriae have been identified as important virulence factors in animal models of UTI.



The results show that P fimbriae serve as independent virulence factors when expressed by an ABU strain, by promoting the establishment of bacteriuria and the innate host response, which is the cause of symptoms and tissue damage. P fimbriae thus fulfil the molecular Koch postulates as independent virulence factors in the human urinary tract. Type 1 fimbriae, in contrast, did not act as virulence factors in this model, and thus appear to serve a different function in man. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Urinvägsinfektioner (UVI) är en av våra vanligaste infektionssjukdomar och orsakas oftast av bakterien Escherichia coli (E. coli). Infektionernas svårighetsgrad varierar, beroende på samspelet mellan bakterie och värd. Njurbäckeninflammation kan orsaka allvarliga störningar av njurfunktionen och kan till och med vara livshotande. Blåskatarr är en mindre allvarlig sjukdom, men leder till stort lidande och sjukfrånvaro. Den vanligaste formen av UVI är dock asymptomatisk bakteriuri (ABU) som innebär att urinvägarna är koloniserade av miljontals bakterier utan att patienten utvecklar symptom. ABU förekommer hos ca 1% av skolflickor, 2% av gravida kvinnor och hos upp till 20% av äldre män och kvinnor.... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Urinvägsinfektioner (UVI) är en av våra vanligaste infektionssjukdomar och orsakas oftast av bakterien Escherichia coli (E. coli). Infektionernas svårighetsgrad varierar, beroende på samspelet mellan bakterie och värd. Njurbäckeninflammation kan orsaka allvarliga störningar av njurfunktionen och kan till och med vara livshotande. Blåskatarr är en mindre allvarlig sjukdom, men leder till stort lidande och sjukfrånvaro. Den vanligaste formen av UVI är dock asymptomatisk bakteriuri (ABU) som innebär att urinvägarna är koloniserade av miljontals bakterier utan att patienten utvecklar symptom. ABU förekommer hos ca 1% av skolflickor, 2% av gravida kvinnor och hos upp till 20% av äldre män och kvinnor. UVI kan således studeras både pga sin relevans och som modell för de molekylära mekanismer som bestämmer infektionernas svårighetsgrad. Denna avhandling berör den kontakt mellan bakterie och värd som bestämmer det fortsatta sjukdomsförloppet. Det finns stora skillnader mellan de virulenta bakterier som orsakar allvarlig njurinfektion och de relativt avirulenta bakterier som orsakar ABU. Virulensen beror bl.a. på bakteriernas kontakt med slemhinnan, som förmedlas av fimbrier, vilka likt spröt sträcker sig ut från bakterieytan. Fimbrierna binder till speciella receptorer på patientens celler. P fimbrier är särskilt vanliga hos de mest virulenta stammarna, och förmedlar adhesion till urinvägsepitel. I cellbiologiska modeller och djurförsök har detta steg visats vara avgörande för utveckling av sjukdom. Bevis för att samband kan dock endast erhållas hos människa, som är den naturliga värden och utvecklar UVI. Vi har undersökt betydelsen av fimbrier för etableringen av bakteriuri och för utveckling av inflammation på människa. Patienter med återkommande, svårbehandlad UVI har erbjudits bakterieterapi mot nya infektioner. Bakteriestammen i denna studie isolerades från en patient som haft ABU under flera år utan att utveckla några biverkningar och bakterien normalt fimbrier. För att studera fimbriernas naturliga funktion har vi har tillfört gener för två olika fimbrier, P fimbrien och typ 1 fimbrier och studerat effekten på etableringen av bakteriuri och inflammation i urinvägarna hos patienter. Den första delen av studien visade att P fimbrien ger bakterierna en ökad förmåga att etablera sig i urinvägarna. Den P fimbrierade stammen etablerade sig snabbare och med högre tal än den icke fimbrierade. Den andra delen av studien visade att de P fimbrierade bakterierna aktiverar slemhinneinflammation, till skillnad från den icke fimbrierade stammen. Resultaten visar att P fimbrien förbättrar koloniseringsförmågan hos bakterierna och ökar virulensen genom att attackera vävnaden och orsaka inflammation. Effekterna krävde att fimbrierna kunde binda till epitelet, då en mutant utan bidningsförmåga inte aktiverade inflammation. Samspelet mellan bakterier och kroppens immunförsvar studerades också med hjälp av ”green fluorescent protein” som gör bakterierna gröna när de uttrycker fimbrier. Vi kunde visa att gröna P fimbrierade bakterier band till slemhinnans celler inne i urinvägarna och att den allra yttersta delen av P fimbrien spelar en avgörande roll. Sammanfattningsvis har denna studie visat att P fimbrier är virulensfaktorer vid UVI. P fimbrierna uppfyller de ”molekylära Kockska postulaten” som knyter en virulensfaktor till sjukdom. Till vår förvåning hade typ 1 fimbrier inte denna effekt. Denna kunskap ökar möjligheterna att förstå de molekylära mekanismerna bakom UVI och därmed öka våra chanser att förbättra diagnostik och behandling. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Hacker, Jörg, Würzburg, Germany
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
mykologi, virologi, bakteriologi, Mikrobiologi, mycology, virology, bacteriology, Microbiology, IL-8, IL-6, neutrophils, GFP, mucosal host response, Type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, adherence, virulence factors, regulation, deliberate colonisation, Escherichia coli 83972, Urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria
pages
100 pages
publisher
Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology - MIG
defense location
N/A
defense date
2004-02-14 10:15:00
external identifiers
  • other:ISRN: LUMEDW/MEMG—0019—SE
ISBN
91-628-5931-5
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: Wullt, B., Bergsten, G., Connell, H., Röllano, P., Gebretsadik, N., Hull, R. and Svanborg, C. (2000). P fimbriae enhance the early establishment of Escherichia coli in the human urinary tract. Mol Microbiol 38, 456-64. Article: Wullt, B., Bergsten, G., Connell, H., Röllano, P., Gebratsedik, N., Hang, L. and Svanborg, C. (2001). P-fimbriae trigger mucosal responses to Escherichia coli in the human urinary tract. Cell Microbiol 3, 255-64. Article: Bergsten, G., Samuelsson, M., Wullt, B., Leijonhufvud, I., Fischer, H. and Svanborg, C. (2004). PapG dependent adhesion breaks mucosal inertia and triggers the innate host response. J Infect Dis, In Press. Article: Bergsten, G., Schembri, M. A., Wullt, B., Samuelsson, M., Leijonhufvud, I., Klemm, P. and Svanborg, C. (2004). A fimbrial paradox: Effects on bacterial persistence and innate immunity in the human urinary tract, Manuscript.
id
cfcf0f0e-cbf9-421a-81d1-95daee403556 (old id 466592)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 10:03:13
date last changed
2018-11-21 20:56:27
@phdthesis{cfcf0f0e-cbf9-421a-81d1-95daee403556,
  abstract     = {{Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Symptomatic UTIs may be acute, recurrent or chronic but the most frequent form of UTI is asymptomatic bacteruria (ABU). In ABU, the mucosa remains inert, despite the presence of large bacterial numbers in urine. The difference in disease severity reflects the virulence of the infecting strain and the propensity of the host to respond to infection. It is essential to understand the molecular basis of disease diversity and the molecular interactions between bacteria and host that determine asymptomatic carriage and the transition to disease. This thesis concerns the initial interactions between bacteria with the mucosal surfaces in the human urinary tract, and the bacterial factors involved in the breach of mucosal inertia. Specifically, the contribution of P and type 1 fimbriae to bacterial establishment and host response induction are investigated.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The human bacteriuria model was used, since ABU protects against infections with more virulent strains. To study the role of adherence in UTI an &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; ABU strain, which does not express adherence factors, was transformed with DNA sequences encoding P or type 1 fimbriae and used for deliberate inoculation of patients with a history of recurrent UTI.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
P fimbriae were shown to provide a colonization advantage during the first days of bacterial establishment, as compared to the ABU strain lacking P fimbriae. In addition, P fimbriated E. coli were shown to trigger the innate mucosal responses, with increases in urine IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations, and recruitment of neutrophils. This effect was adhesion dependent, as shown by inoculations with a P fimbriated mutant lacking the PapG, adhesin. The P fimbriated bacteria adhered to uroepithelial cells in vivo, but adherence was not observed with the &lt;i&gt;papG&lt;/i&gt; deletion mutant. After similar inoculations, type 1 fimbriae were not found to help the establishment of bacteriuria or the mucosal host response in the human urinary tract. This is surprising as type 1 fimbriae have been identified as important virulence factors in animal models of UTI.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The results show that P fimbriae serve as independent virulence factors when expressed by an ABU strain, by promoting the establishment of bacteriuria and the innate host response, which is the cause of symptoms and tissue damage. P fimbriae thus fulfil the molecular Koch postulates as independent virulence factors in the human urinary tract. Type 1 fimbriae, in contrast, did not act as virulence factors in this model, and thus appear to serve a different function in man.}},
  author       = {{Bergsten, Göran}},
  isbn         = {{91-628-5931-5}},
  keywords     = {{mykologi; virologi; bakteriologi; Mikrobiologi; mycology; virology; bacteriology; Microbiology; IL-8; IL-6; neutrophils; GFP; mucosal host response; Type 1 fimbriae; P fimbriae; adherence; virulence factors; regulation; deliberate colonisation; Escherichia coli 83972; Urinary tract infection; asymptomatic bacteriuria}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology - MIG}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Escherichia coli Fimbriae, Bacterial Persistence and Host Response Induction in the Human Urinary Tract}},
  year         = {{2004}},
}