1.1 25 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsL2 Björn Erik Almroth author 9082022 Johan Matz supervisor Department of Political Science v1000693 department The paper&#39;s broader purpose is to explore how conspiracy narratives are used for influence operations. This is accomplished by comparing conspiracy narratives regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, being disseminated by the Swedish group Frihet Sverige in Eskilstuna, with narrative strategies being used toward Sweden, and narratives occurring in Russia. My first aim is to contribute with a local<br /> perspective on a frequently debated academic topic internationally. My second aim is to nuance the debate regarding the use of conspiracy narratives in information operations. Through narrative analysis<br /> I found how variants of the Swedish conspiracy narratives were also present in Russia. Recurring<br /> themes in both are corrupt supra-governmental elites vying for power while trying to control, poison,<br /> or diminish the population. Other similarities are themes such as nanotechnology, poison and secret<br /> medical experiments. Historically the KGB used disinformation through conspiracy narratives to<br /> further their goals. If Russian authorities are involved in disseminating conspiracy narratives regarding<br /> COVID-19 this seems to have backfired during the pandemic. This could be related to factors such as<br /> the changing media and information environment, social factors or the information vacuum during<br /> the pandemic itself. The paper&#39;s broader purpose is to explore how conspiracy narratives are used for influence operations. This is accomplished by comparing conspiracy narratives regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, being disseminated by the Swedish group Frihet Sverige in Eskilstuna, with narrative strategies being used toward Sweden, and narratives occurring in Russia. My first aim is to contribute with a local<br /> perspective on a frequently debated academic topic internationally. My second aim is to nuance the debate regarding the use of conspiracy narratives in information operations. Through narrative analysis, I found how variants of the Swedish conspiracy narratives were also present in Russia. Recurring themes in both are corrupt supra-governmental elites vying for power while trying to control, poison,<br /> or diminish the population. Other similarities are themes such as nanotechnology, poison, and secret medical experiments. Historically the KGB used disinformation through conspiracy narratives to further their goals. If Russian authorities are involved in disseminating conspiracy narratives regarding COVID-19 this seems to have backfired during the pandemic. This could be related to factors such as<br /> the changing media and information environment, social factors, or the information vacuum during the pandemic itself. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9082024/file/9088372.pdf application/pdf 4159534 no 2022 swe Conspiracy narratives conspiracies covid-19 information operations psychological warfare propaganda KGB Frihet Sverige Russia. Law and Political Science 9082024 2022-05-30T17:42:30+02:00 2022-08-09T12:07:20+02:00 2022-08-09T12:07:20+02:00 1 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH1 Bernadette Scherer author 8948678 Olof Ejermo supervisor Johan Miörner supervisor Department of Economic History v1000022 department Currently, one can witness a Nanotechnology-hype across different economies and sectors based on its significant potential on the nanoscale. This causes debates about Nanotechnology’s future development and whether it can be characterised as a General Purpose Technology (short: GPT). Nanotechnology as an emerging technology benefits from the nanoscale on which many other sectors work, easing the diffusion of Nanotechnology. This thesis extends current research by investigating the economic impact of Nanotechnology as a GPT. This is done through a growth accounting framework applying the Cobb-Douglas production function. Conclusions are derived with respect to the empirical analysis and suggest that Nanotechnology increases economic growth and can be regarded as an engine of growth. However, following current research this might only be short term growth requiring further steps to reach a state of sustained growth. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8948680/file/8948686.pdf application/pdf 2114838 yes 2018 eng Nanotechnology economic growth engine of growth general purpose technology Business and Economics Social Sciences 8948680 2018-06-12T18:19:11+02:00 2018-06-21T13:40:16+02:00 2018-06-21T13:40:16+02:00 2 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Johanna Lönngren author junior lecturer Elin Bommenel supervisor Solid State Physics v1000623 department Nanotechnology is big business. With rapid innovation and expansion<br /> of the field, financial stakes are high. This study is based on the assumption<br /> that the development of nanotechnology in Sweden today is controlled<br /> by economic interests rather than democratic values and sustainable development.<br /> This is considered problematic, and the overall aim with this<br /> study is to propose alternative principles for governing nanotechnology development.<br /> Three concrete questions are answered: Which social actor(s)<br /> should be entrusted with governing nanotechnology? How well does communication<br /> about nanotechnology work within and across different groups<br /> of social actors? How could communication about nanotechnology be improved<br /> to further democratic principles and a sustainable development of<br /> nanotechnology? These questions will be answered in both descriptive<br /> (narrative) and interpretive (theoretical-analytical), as well as normative<br /> (with suggestions for improvement) ways. A limited, semi-structured,<br /> qualitative interview study has been conducted with nine respondents as<br /> a basis for descriptive answers. Findings from the theoretical field of Science<br /> and Technology Studies (STS) are applied in order to find theoretical<br /> answers. Normative answers are based on the theoretical STS framework,<br /> the author’s personal expertise as an engineer in the field of nanotechnology,<br /> and other researchers’ studies from primarily the UK and the USA.<br /> The conclusions show that the traditional categories 1) attitude towards,<br /> and 2) knowledge about nanotechnology are considered inappropriate for<br /> studying social aspects of nanotechnology. The author puts forward trust<br /> and communication as alternative and more democratic measures. The<br /> participants’ accounts are used to argue why it is important that public<br /> participation permeates all levels of daily life, rather than being confined<br /> to specific events such as consensus conferences or citizen forums. Nanoteknik är ‘big business’. Stora summor pengar står på spel då detta<br /> innovativa teknikområde expanderar i snabb takt. Denna undersökning<br /> utgår från antagandet att ekonomiska intressen snarare än demokratiska<br /> värden och hållbar utveckling styr utvecklingen av nanoteknik i Sverige<br /> idag. Detta ses som problematiskt, och det övergripande målet är att<br /> föreslå alternativa principer för att styra utvecklingen av nanotekniken.<br /> Studien svarar på tre konkreta frågor: Vilka sociala aktörer bör få förtroendet<br /> att besluta över nanoteknikens utveckling? Hur väl fungerar kommunikationen<br /> inom och mellan sociala aktörer kring nanoteknik? Hur<br /> kan kommunikationen förbättras för att stärka demokratiskt inflytande<br /> kring och hållbar utveckling av nanoteknik? Frågorna får både deskriptiva<br /> (berättande) och tolkande (teoretiskt analytiska) svar, samt normativa<br /> (med förslag på förbättring). För att besvara frågorna deskriptivt har<br /> en begränsad, halvstrukturerad kvalitativ intervjustudie av nio respondenter<br /> genomförts. För att besvara dem teoretiskt har det teroetiska fältet<br /> av vetenskapsstudier, Science- and Technology Studies (STS) använts.<br /> För de normativa slutsatserna har den teoretiska STS-ramen, författarens<br /> egen expertis som nano-ingenjör, samt andra forskares studier från främst<br /> Storbritannien och USA använts. Slutsatserna visar att de traditionella<br /> kategorierna 1) attityder mot, och 2) kunskap om nanoteknik bedöms<br /> vara olämpliga kategorier för att undersöka nanoteknikens sociala aspekter.<br /> Som alternativa och mer demokratiska mått föreslår författaren tillit<br /> och kommunikation. Deltagarnas berättelser används för att argumentera<br /> varför det är viktigt att allmänhetens deltagande sker på alla nivåer i det<br /> dagliga livet snarare än att vara begränsad till särskilda evenemang såsom<br /> konsensuskonferenser eller medborgarfora. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/1669923/file/1669924.pdf application/pdf 731595 no 2010 eng Physics and Astronomy Examinator: Knut Deppert Avdelningen för fasta tillståndets fysik Lunds universitet 1669923 2010-09-10T11:53:16+02:00 2010-09-10T12:01:22+02:00 2010-09-10T12:01:22+02:00 3 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH1 Fredrik Andrén-Sandberg author Professor Lennart Thörnqvist supervisor Department of Energy Sciences v1000205 department How can nanoscience be used to raise the energy efficiency of established industrial technologies and in<br /> residential housing<br /> By reviewing the literature concerning nanotechnology and the impact it may have on energy efficiency, it becomes quite<br /> clear that it will have a mayor impact in the future. Much of the impact will probably come in the form of enabling<br /> technologies that could be used to improve existing technologies that are already present today, such as heat-coatings for<br /> turbine blades or non sticking surfaces for boilers. Nanotechnology will not change the energy equation, but it will<br /> definitely make an impact on the economic and environmental nature of both renewable and non renewables energy<br /> sources. It will also be used to reduce their energy requirement for different applications, without suffering any loss of<br /> quality. This also applies for the use in residential housing, where passive isolation and smart windows could reduce the<br /> demand for energy substantially in many regions of the world.<br /> I believe that the future of energy efficiency and nanotechnology will go hand in hand, where nanotechnology will be<br /> driven by the demand from the energy efficiency sector. It will become a technology that reduces the electricity need for<br /> consumers, and yields more kilowatt hours per input to the producer. Energy efficiency by using nanotechnology will<br /> definitely define that the coming decades on the technological frontier, and will help us to make the transfer into a more<br /> long term sustainable energy economy without global warming or excessive harm to the environment as a subsequent<br /> side effect.<br /> Department http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/2153130/file/2153140.pdf application/pdf 2133335 no 2011 eng energy efficiency nanotechnology Technology and Engineering 0282-1990 5242 2153130 2011-09-02T10:39:39+02:00 2011-09-02T10:49:33+02:00 2011-09-02T10:49:33+02:00 4 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH1 Stepan Bärtl author 3878530 Dr. Lars Coenen supervisor Department of Economic History v1000022 department Due to the possibility of nanotechnology becoming the next general purpose technology, generating considerable socio-economic benefits, it has become popular with policy-makers and academics around the world, and led to massive investments in national R&amp;D programmes. While in some cases nanotechnology is still in its early stages of research, in many others it has already resulted in innovations within many disparate sectors. This is important because in today’s knowledge-based economy, innovation is a dominant factor, quite radically influencing economic performance of firms, regions, and states alike emphasizing a growing need for a strong, coherent, and up-to-date policy support. From an innovation systems perspective this thesis looks at the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology in the Czech Republic, exploring the innovation policy of the Czech Republic, barriers to innovation, and the extent to which policy addresses these barriers. An innovation survey within Czech nano-companies has been carried out in order to zoom in on some of the strengths and weaknesses of the policy support. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/3878532/file/3878535.pdf application/pdf 7375553 no 2013 eng nanotechnology Czech Republic innovation systems innovation policy barriers to innovation Social Sciences Business and Economics 3878532 2013-06-21T09:31:04+02:00 2013-08-23T14:58:01+02:00 2013-08-23T14:58:01+02:00 5 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsM2 Nadja Andrade Paes Maya author Claus-Christian Eckhardt supervisor Industrial Design v1000239 department This thesis investigates the possibility of solving the problem of urban noise pollution by applying the principals of indoor <br /> acoustics on an outdoor environment. The city of Malmö, Sweden, was chosen due to its advanced world leading <br /> noise research and dynamic urban setting. All of the necessary information, data and measurements were acquired <br /> through research and practical experimentation in close collaboration different departments and professionals at Malmö <br /> Municipal Council, LTH, Lund University and Airglass AB, Staffanstorp. The findings in this work show, that the acoustic <br /> characteristics of the room created by the built environment in the studied affected areas is diffused due to its large <br /> volume of air, and modal - enabling manifestations of standing waves in the mid-and lower frequency area of 100 Hz-<br /> 1200 Hz. By regarding the city as a whole, using its built environment, its infrastructure and varied landscapes as different <br /> elements all working together to prevent unwanted sound emissions, new acoustic treatment possibilities emerged, <br /> resulting in a fully-working, tailor-made outdoor aerogel absorbent prototype and the potential future development of <br /> urban noise elimination through the use of nanotechnology and destructive interference. However, extensive laboratory <br /> testing still needs to be concluded, to reveal the full extent of the viable applications within the field of acoustics. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8971643/file/8971644.pdf application/pdf 37667315 yes http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8971643/file/8973307.pdf application/pdf 37667932 yes 2019 eng Design urban noise pollution acoustics aerogel physics nanotechnology Arts and Architecture Technology and Engineering ISBN: 978-91-637-0978-4, 978-91-637-0979-1 8971643 2019-02-20T15:09:19+01:00 2019-03-20T16:03:21+01:00 2019-03-20T16:03:21+01:00 6 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Frida Falkvall author 8882974 Ulrika Orstadius author 8882968 MSc PhD Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier supervisor Morten Fuglsang-Philips supervisor Division for Biomedical Engineering v1000202 department The purpose of this Master&#39;s Thesis was to gain insight to how injection molded nanostructures could be used together with hearing instrument materials. The reason to investigate this new nanotechnology was to see if it is of interest for Oticon to invest in. To reach conclusions, literature was studied regarding surfaces wetting properties, capillary effects, adhesion and material properties. Surface properties of different polymers were determined by measuring contact angles and surface energies. Thereafter, two tools were designed in collaboration with Oticon and Transform in order to test how well Oticons hearing aid materials could replicate the nanostructures. The two test geometries were also created to test capillarity and glue adhesion.<br /> <br /> From the contact angle and surface energy measurements, plus the two test geometries, some conclusions were made. All materials could replicate the nano\-structured pattern, where the semi-crystalline polyamide gave the best results. From the glue adhesion test it could be seen that the nanostructured material with the highest surface energy, amorphous polyamide, gave best results. Further it was also possible to draw the conclusion that in capillaries a nanostructured surface, together with a chemical coating, is able to hinder water ingress to some extent. <br /> <br /> From the results of this project it is possible to further investigate whether this is an interesting technology for Oticon. Future studies could consist of studying wear of the tools and how nanostructures are replicated on curved geometries. Injection Molded Nanostructures Together with Hearing Instrument Materials<br /> <br /> A human right and strong need is to be able to move freely and therefore robustness of the hearing instrument is very important for the users since they depend on their instruments. While many hearing aids of today are able to fulfill many functions that enables hearing a lot of the hearing aids provided still do not give the users an experience of total freedom. This is because many of the instruments have problems with water ingress. Being stopped because of being hearing impairment in everyday situations are beyond frustrating e.g. removing the instrument due to heavy rain. Still if no other options are present, we adapt. We feel fine with not being able to hear when it is raining outside, but should we? http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8882970/file/8885817.pdf application/pdf 23998370 no 2016 eng Nanostructures Injection Molding Superhydrophobic Superhydrophilic Capillarity Adhesion Polyamid Contact Angle Surface Energy Oticon Technology and Engineering http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8882970/file/8882973.pdf application/pdf no 2016-10 8882970 2016-06-19T13:47:24+02:00 2016-07-04T11:15:30+02:00 2016-07-04T11:15:30+02:00 7 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH1 Aasgeir Helland author Åke Thidell supervisor Peter Arnfalk supervisor The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics v1000927 department Nanotechnology is a collective definition referring to every technology and science which operates on a nanoscale. Nanoparticles have different properties than larger particles and these properties can be utilized in a wide spectre of areas such as in medicine, information technologies, energy production and storage, materials, manufacturing and environmental applications.<br /> <br /> Although nano-derived applications have great potentials, there are some concerns about the potential nanoparticles have to cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. The different properties that make nanoparticles so promising are at the same time properties that are likely to have impact on ecosystems and organisms.<br /> <br /> This research maps out the current knowledge base of hazards and risks of nanoparticles to human health and the environment. Furthermore it investigates the perceptions that producers and regulatory bodies have of the risks and looks at the precautionary measures taken.<br /> <br /> The main findings of this study are that nanoparticles cause more toxic effects in the lungs than bigger particles and can translocate within the environment and the body. However, nanoparticles are likely to cause different impacts to human health, occupation health and the environment, depending on the size, shape and chemical composition of the nanoparticle. There is therefore great uncertainty about what the actual risks of nanoparticle to human health and the environment are. Both industry and regulatory bodies are aware of the potential risks of nanoparticles. The producers do not believe that nanoparticles represent a risk to the environment, but sees that nanoparticles can be more problematic in occupational settings. Producers therefore apply some precautionary measures to protect their workers, but not for the protection of public health or environment. The issue of nanoparticles have a low priority among the regulatory bodies at the moment. The regulators are waiting for more scientific evidence and are therefore not taking any direct precautionary measures. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/1329339/file/1329340.pdf application/pdf 1015060 no 2004 eng nanotechnology environmental risk health risk precautionary measures Environmental studies Miljöstudier Earth and Environmental Sciences 1329339 2006-09-06T00:00:00+02:00 2006-09-06T00:00:00+02:00 2004-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 8 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsM2 Lauri Oravainen author 9144571 Knut Deppert supervisor Markus Snellman supervisor Department of Physics v1000621 department Solid State Physics v1000623 department Nanoteknologialla ja nanohiukkasilla on useita sovelluksia, mukaan lukien esim. biolääketiede, tiedontallennuslaitteet, ympäristötutkimus, materiaalitiede ja energian varastointi. Tässä työssä tutkitaan pinnoitettuja nanohiukkasia, joiden ydin ja kuori koostuvat eri alkuaineista. Tarvitaan menetelmä, jolla tuottaa tällaisia hiukkasia säännöllisin mitoin ja muodoin. Tutkimme niiden valmistusta prosessissa, jossa ultraviolettivalo katkaisee trimetyyli-indium-molekyylin sidokset ja vapauttaa indiumatomin, joka tiivistyy kuoreksi kultahiukkasen ympärille. Mittaamme syntyneiden hiukkasten kokoa liikkuvuus- eli kokosuodattimella ja hiukkaslaskurilla. Selvitämme, miten tulokset vaihtelevat eri koeparametrien, esim. kunkin kokeen aloittamisesta kuluneen ajan, mukaan.<br /> Vahvistimme, että menetelmä on periaatteessa toimiva, mutta emme kyenneet keräämään riittävästi luotettavia mittauksia hiukkasten koosta. Indiumin tiivistyminen estyi, kun sitä kuljettava putkisto tukkeutui, mikä havaittiin vasta kokeen loppuvaiheessa. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles have applications in biomedicine, data storage, environmental research, materials science and energy storage, to name a few examples. Core-shell nanoparticles consist of a sphere of one material surrounded by a shell of a different material. There is a need for a method that produces core-shell particles of predictable dimensions. We investigate their production via the method of using ultraviolet light to break the bonds of a trimethylindium molecule and letting the freed indium atom form a shell on a gold particle in a nitrogen gas suspension. We measure the size of the resultant core-shell particles using a differential mobility analyzer and a condensation particle counter. We investigate how results vary by different experimental parameters, including the elapsed time since the commencement of each experiment session.<br /> <br /> We confirmed that the method essentially works, but were unable to gather reliable data for particle size as governed by the different variables. The experiment apparatus suffered a blockage of the trimethylindium tubes that was not discovered until the end of the experiment phase. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9144779/file/9178167.pdf application/pdf 1017049 no 2024 eng nanoparticle photolysis spark ablation spark discharge generator trimethylindium aerosol Physics and Astronomy 9144779 2024-01-12T19:26:19+01:00 2024-12-19T13:06:15+01:00 2024-12-19T13:06:15+01:00 9 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Gerald Perry Estavillo Marin author 7442425 PhD Erik Andersson supervisor Packaging Logistics v1000238 department One of the leading challenges presented in 21st century for packaging industry is to address the growing environmental problems related to non-renewable flexible packaging. This leads to new growing interest in bio-based materials, among them cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which have already shown good performance in improving anti-fog and oxygen &amp; water vapor barrier properties when applied to flexible film. A fast and low-cost CNC extraction was explored in this research by using unbleached Kraft pulp as the cellulosic source and treatment with ammonium persulfate as sustainable method for extraction. Presence of CNCs and its properties were verified and investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). CNCs were then used to coat PET plastic film and were subjected to contact angle measurement, oxygen permeability, transparence, and haze for comparison. Tests have shown excellent barrier and optical properties, comparable to cotton linter CNC coating extracted using acid hydrolysis, even with lower amount of CNC and thinner coating used by Kraft pulp. Making CNC bio-coating more affordable can reduce the amount of plastic usage in production leading to reduction of total weight, which can provide economic benefit to producers and environmental benefit through reduced energy use during transport. PET Coating from Nano-cellulose Makes Plastics More Sustainable<br /> <br /> One of the leading challenges presented in 21st century for packaging industry is to address the growing environmental problems related to non-renewable flexible packaging. But are we ready for a plastic-free world?<br /> Not quite, but we are getting there. Regardless of the ongoing debates on whether we should push for biodegradable plastics, or plastics made from bio-based materials, packaging researchers are also trying to find a new way to start making plastic more sustainable – through bio-coatings.<br /> We may have all seen coatings in packaging in our daily lives, such as the aluminum enclosed by thin plastic film in your bag of chips. Coatings act as barriers to oxygen and water vapor, which can greatly increase the shelf life of food. This substitutes the other option of using very thick plastic – saving material, energy and transportation costs. With the new trend of going nano-scale in the scientific world from electronics to health, nanotechnology is also creating new opportunities to improve our current state of packaging, particularly in the field of bio-coating.<br /> According to latest research performed in University of Milan’s PackLab, it is possible to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from one of the ingredients in paper-making, called Kraft pulp, which is very cheap compared to other possible sources. These crystals can then be used as bio-coatings for packaging application.<br /> A fast, low-toxicity, sustainable and low-cost extraction of CNCs was explored in this research by using an oxidizer called ammonium persulfate. Making CNC bio-coating more affordable can reduce the amount of plastic usage in production leading to reduction of total weight, which can provide economic benefit to producers and environmental benefit through reduced energy use during transport.<br /> Tests of CNC-coated PET have shown excellent barrier and optical properties, comparable to cotton CNC coating. The results revealed astounding findings – Kraft CNC double coating managed to block oxygen by almost 10 times better than bare film. This result is comparable to Cotton CNC coating, even though the Kraft CNC were more diluted. Furthermore, it does not decrease visibility of the product inside packaging, when it was tested as packaging for breadsticks and readability of small print for as small as font 6.<br /> With the success of this exploratory research on the possibility of utilizing cheaper cellulosic source and its applicability for coating in flexible packaging, more researches are now being lined up. In the far future, bio-coatings can also be applied directly on paper, to make a 100% biodegradable packaging with all the gas and water/ water vapor barrier benefits.<br /> Ready or not ready, nanotechnology is taking us towards that plastic-free world. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/7442427/file/7442450.pdf application/pdf 2931351 no 2015 eng affordable CNC extraction high quality CNC sustainable packaging FT-IR TEM XRD contact angle transparency haze optical properties food packaging bio-packaging bio-coating plastics PET film polyethylene terephthalate Kraft CNC Kraft pulp cotton CNC oxygen barrier nanocellulose crystals ammonium persulfate CNCs cellulose nanocrystals Chemistry 978-91-7623-392-4 http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/7442427/file/7442454.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document no Introduction One of the leading challenges presented in 21st century for packaging industry is to address the growing environmental problems related to non-renewable flexible packaging. This leads to new growing interest in bio-based materials, particularly cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (see figure 1), which have already shown good performance in improving anti-fog and oxygen & water vapor barrier properties when applied to flexible film. Current existing extraction methods include use of acids, enzymes and oxidizers, by mechanical means, or combinations of these to isolate CNCs from the cellulosic material. A fast and low-cost CNC extraction was explored in this research by using unbleached Kraft pulp as the cellulosic source and treatment with ammonium persulfate (APS) as sustainable method for extraction. APS extraction has recently been attracting attention due to its properties being ideal for CNC extraction, such as low long-term toxicity, high water solubility, and low cost compared to its sodium and potassium counterparts, as well as to other previous harsh extractive agents. Presence of CNCs and its properties were verified and investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). CNCs were then used to coat PET plastic film and were subjected to contact angle measurement, oxygen permeability, transparence, and haze for comparison. PET film was chosen since it is one of the most common type of plastic being used in food packaging. Materials and Methods Characterization of kraft pulp material was performed together with InnovHub – Paper Division, who assisted in performing the experiments according to standards being used in the paper industry. For the CNC extraction, swelling preparation was initially performed, where 10g dry weight of Kraft pulp was placed in 1000 ml beaker, diluted in 1-layer of distilled water, and stirred using magnetic stirrer. Heater temperature was increased to 70°C for 30 minutes, then cooled down in a cold water bath to reach the room temperature of 25°C. 340.5 g of ammonium persulfate (APS) was added to the cooled Kraft pulp solution to reach 1.5M APS, and was then stirred for another 30 minutes to allow the powder to dissolve completely. APS Extraction of Kraft Pulp This extraction method was based on patent with publication number EP 2513149 A1 filed by Leung, et al. It made use of 1.5M APS and was heated for 16 h at 70°C with high stirring speed for the cellulose nanocrystals extraction to occur completely. The sample was then removed from the heater, and was centrifuged using deionized water at 15,000 RPM for 20 minutes to concentrate the cellulose. It was centrifuged several times until it increased the pH level from around 0.2 to 3 (approximately 6 times). pH correction was then performed to the Kraft CNC solution, increasing it to pH 8 to avoid aggregation of the crystals in acidic environment. It was then subjected to ultrasonicator (UP400S 400W, hielscher Co., Germany) at 0.7 cycles of 20 minutes at 70% output to distribute CNCs evenly in the suspension. The solution was vacuum filtered using Whatman glass microfiber filter (grade GF/F, 0.7 µm) to remove fibers that did not react fully with APS treatment, and other big cellulose agglomerates and large contaminants that might have been introduced during the process. The Kraft CNC suspension was subjected to lyophilization by using a freeze drying machine (LIO-10P) for 3 days to get white Kraft CNC powder. The powder was rediluted using deionized water (18MΩ cm, Millipore Milli-Q Purification System) to reach 2.5% Kraft CNC solution, ultrasonicated for 5 minutes (0.7 cycles at 70% output), and applied to corona-treated PET film (25x20 cm2) for 20 rounds of rolling on one side of the plastic for approximately 3 minutes, improving adhesion of the nanocrystals on the surface of PET film. Automatic film applicator (ref 1137, Sheen Instruments, Kingston, UK) was used to apply the Kraft CNC solution evenly on top of the PET. Two samples were created: sample 1 having applied only 1-layer of Kraft CNC, while sample 2 was made by directly applying another round of coating using the automatic film applicator immediately after drying the first layer. It was then dried using the blower and air-dried for 24 hours. Results & Discussion TEM was used to identify physical properties of Kraft CNCs extracted in nanoscale level. Figure 2. TEM image of Kraft CNCs (left) and cotton CNC (right) at 92,000 x magnification Upon observing the image, it must be noted that the CNCs obtained have two distinct shapes: spherical and rod-like (see figure 2). APS concentration can influence the shape of CNC, as shown by the experiment involving different concentrations applied to a lyocell fiber matrix. It yielded a mixture of rod-like and spherical CNCs for 0.5M APS, but produced 100% spherical CNCs at 1M APS. On the other hand, acid hydrolysis extraction of Kraft pulp have yielded only rod-like crystal structure. Table 1. Characterization of Kraft pulp raw material Raw material kappa number α-cellulose % β-cellulose % γ-cellulose % lignin % Ash Kraft pulp 35.48 86.8 0.37 13.57 7.87 0 The Kraft pulp sample obtained was carefully characterized to identify its kappa number, lignin, and α, β, γ cellulose contents (see table 1). Having a kappa number of 35.48 for the sample acquired is around the kappa number range of 30-35 for Kraft pulp that underwent conventional cooking. Having the lignin content of 7.87% shows that the Kraft pulp is subjected to an alkalinity of 20-25% in a span of 60-90 min. The high α cellulose in the resulting characterization experiment shows that previous processes have caused low degradation to the cellulose. Table 2. Coating thickness comparison of kraft 1-layer, kraft 2-layer and cotton Sample Thickness (nm) Uncoated PET 0 Kraft 1-layer coating 132.90 Kraft 2-layer coating 411.39 Cotton layer coating 660.00 The thickness values in Table 2 show that the cotton CNC coated PET film has the highest thickness, which can be explained by the total amount of CNC used in the solution. The wettability of different samples shows that PET coated with cotton CNC has the best anti-fog property due to its very low contact angle measurement, allowing the water to spread to the solid surface. It is closely followed by Kraft 2-layers, with Kraft 1-layer exhibiting the lowest wettability. The increased amount of carboxylated CNCs in 2-layer compared to 1-layer have improved its hydrophilic interaction with polar water, thereby lowering the contact angle. Cotton APS managed to have a high transparency, with its transparency value being close to the bare film. Kraft 1-layer and 2-layer have lower transparency values, even though both of them are thinner than cotton APS (see table 2), and lower percentage of CNCs applied in the coating (2.5% vs 7%). This can be due to the fact that in comparison to cotton linters, which has been bleached and contains >99% cellulose, the unbleached Kraft pulp as source is relatively unpure, hence ion impurities might have influenced the slight decrease in transparency. To further verify the optical property of the samples, a sample logo with a subtitle of font 6, and website URL with font 11, were used. PET coated films still do have the same level of readability for both font sizes as compared to the bare film. This shows that in application to production, using Kraft CNC coating (both 1-layer and 2-layer at 2.5%) has almost negligible influence to transparency. Table 3. Oxygen transmission rate values of Kraft 1-layer, Kraft 2-layer, cotton and bare PET Oxygen Transmission Rate (O2TR (cc m-2 24h-1) 23°C) %RH Kraft 1-layer Kraft 2-layer Cotton Bare* 0 74.95 30 0.10 0.10 0.10 40 6.72 3.94 4.2 50 15.428 7.78 8.30 82 Given the relatively thinner size of both Kraft single and double layers as compared to cotton as seen on table 2 (132.90 nm and 411.39 nm vs 660.00 nm, respectively), and using less amount of CNC in the solution (2.5% vs 7%), the result has shown that Kraft CNC has exhibited a good potential as bio-coating source to improve oxygen barrier properties for PET film (15.43 O2TR for Kraft 1-layer and 7.78 O2TR for Kraft 2-layer vs 82 O2TR for bare under measurements at 50% RH) (see table 3). Conclusions The experiment has exhibited that high quality CNCs can be extracted from unbleached Kraft pulp, an unpure cellulose material source, and can be utilized as a high quality bio-coating for PET to improve its packaging properties. Ammonium persulfate has proven to be an efficient extracting agent for unbleached Kraft pulp. Kraft pulp preparation, which includes swelling using distilled water at elevated temperature (70°C) for 30 minutes, cooling down, and mixing it with APS at room temperature for 30 minutes, were shown to be important steps to execute before proceeding with APS activation via heating. Kraft CNC was successfully applied on PET, and different parameters related to packaging were performed. Oxygen permeability is an important property particularly for food packaging due to its potential effects on quality and shelf life. Kraft 2-layer showed positive results in terms of oxygen permeability rate at 30% and 40% RH. This is comparable to CNC coatings extracted using acid hydrolysis and acquired from cotton linters, which contains > 99% alpha-cellulose. Optical properties were also tested, given the transparent flexible packaging’s importance to better market the products on the shelves by showing the actual product to consumers via see-through packaging, while keeping its protective barrier properties. Both Kraft 1-layer and 2-layer showed hydrophilic contact angles when in contact with water, denoting a good wettability and anti-fog property. However, more tests must be performed to verify its response when used in actual packaging. It must be highlighted that these results are based on 2.5% CNC re-dilution with distilled water after freeze drying using Kraft CNC extracted from the experiment, compared to 7% re-dilution of cotton CNC from acid hydrolysis. This re-diluted solution was used for coating application on PET film. This shows that Kraft CNC needed a lower amount of CNC concentration to achieve similar improvements observed from cotton CNC. Utilizing unbleached and semi-processed Kraft pulp as cheaper material to extract CNC, in comparison to the heavily-processed cotton linters, was proven to be possible. Given the results, it can therefore be concluded that CNC bio-coating sourced from unbleached Kraft pulp provided a high quality bio-coating for PET, improving its optical and permeability properties. It has also provided a better alternative for a low cost extracting process at a shorter time (against acid hydrolysis, which includes dialysis step that lasts for 3-4 days). Application of this type of bio-coating can lead to reduction of total packaging weight by utilizing thinner and lighter plastics since its barrier properties were already improved. This can eventually provide economic benefit to producers and environmental benefit such as reduced energy use during transport. 7442427 2015-06-23T16:46:31+02:00 2015-06-24T10:44:22+02:00 2015-06-24T10:44:22+02:00 10 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsM2 Chris Mkolongo author 9127935 Claes Thelander supervisor Markus Aspegren supervisor Department of Physics v1000621 department Solid State Physics v1000623 department The aim of this work was to develop a stable and reproducible argon milling process for InAs nanowires to remove the native oxide layer that increases electrical resistance. This was done by identifying a few milling parameters and studying them in relation to the milling rate of silicon dioxide (SiO2). After further experiments with different milling parameters, a set of parameter values was found to give a milling rate of about 6-8 nm/min. The milling rate of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for the same set of parameter values was 60-80 nm/min which is 10 times more than that for SiO2. PMMA is used during device fabrication and was exposed to the Ar+ beam, thus it’s important to compare it to the milling rate of SiO2. Finally, argon milling was done to a set of nanowires, and the contact resistance to Ti/Al metal was calculated. Two-probe and four-probe measurements were done to the set of InAs nanowires and the data obtained was used to calculate the contact resistance. The contact resistance was found to be around 90 Ω which is relatively small compared to the internal resistance of InAs nanowires which is<br /> around 1.5-3 kΩ. For reference, the contact resistance for a set of nanowires that<br /> were not treated with argon milling was measured and was found to be around 1 MΩ. Hence argon milling is a critical process that can reduce contact resistance by a significant amount. Finally, the milling rate of InAs nanowires was calculated to be about 25 nm/min for the same set of parameters used for SiO2 and PMMA. This is a relatively high milling rate with respect to the thickness of the oxide layer in InAs nanowires, to get a lower milling rate one would need to lower the acceleration voltage and/or reduce the amount of time of exposure of the sample to the Ar+ beam. A novel way to improve contact quality to nanowires.<br /> <br /> All modern technology is based on our ability to manipulate electricity and the ways we transport it to different places. For this, we must have good contacts among wires for more effective and efficient transportation of electric power. A good contact of wires becomes even more important when we go to very small scales such as nanometers which is a billionth of a meter. For comparison, an average human hair is about 60,000 nanometers thick. Wires that are on this very small scale are known as nanowires. Nanowires are made from semiconductors, which are a type of material with properties of both metals and insulators depending on the local temperature of the surrounding environment. These wires are usually grown in special conditions in the laboratory. Due to the nature of semiconductors, an unwanted layer is formed on the outer surface when in contact with air, making nanowires less conductive. Getting rid of this unwanted layer is one of the daunting tasks since the thickness of this layer is enormously small and so are the nanowires.<br /> <br /> There has been a lot of research and developed methods employed already in the nanotechnology industry to remove unwanted layers from nanowires. The most employed method is the use of chemical reagents that react with the outer layer leaving behind a relatively cleaner nanowire. This method is sometimes referred to as the wet etching process since it involves the use of chemical reagents that are in a liquid state. The newly developed method that is still in the research phase involves the use of plasma. Ions from the plasma are extracted and accelerated towards the nanowires and directly remove the unwanted layer. This is more like scraping dirt on a bench by shooting bullets at an angle. As you can imagine, this is a very powerful process compared to using wet chemicals. It also means that things can turn the other way if not careful. We must find the right amount of power we want to shoot the ions otherwise we risk destroying the entire nanowire, also the angle and position at which we must fire our ions play an important role in the result. There are even more parameters that can be varied during the entire process of removing the unwanted layer, and all these must be understood in detail before this promising process can be of use.<br /> <br /> Scientists are still working on this topic in the hope of revolutionizing the way nanowire-based devices are processed. The result that will be obtained from this project will contribute to the nanotechnology industry and science community in general. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9127937/file/9127946.pdf application/pdf 2645203 no 2023 eng InAs nanowires Argon milling Technology and Engineering http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9127937/file/9127974.pdf application/pdf no 9127937 2023-06-20T12:20:38+02:00 2023-06-21T03:40:56+02:00 2023-06-20T17:02:59+02:00 11 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Elisabete Alves Da Silva Oliveira author 7371341 Annika Olsson supervisor Ph.D. Student Karla Marie Batingan Paredes supervisor Simona Iuculano supervisor Packaging Logistics v1000238 department Issue of study:<br /> Consumers interact with primary food packaging and the refrigerator on a daily basis, although the interaction and impact food packaging has on the design of refrigerators is not clear. The Swedish home appliances company Electrolux, manufacturer’s refrigerators with the consumer needs in mind. The food packaging market is diversified in terms of formats, dimensions, functions and materials. Thus, anticipating the potential changes might help Electrolux to improve even further.<br /> <br /> Purpose:<br /> The purpose of this study was to explore the primary packaging trends of chilled and frozen foods in order to analyse how they might impact the design and development of future refrigerators.<br /> <br /> Method:<br /> A qualitative research was conducted; primary data was collected with resource to an exploratory method of in-depth semi-structured interviews of packaging professionals and to an online observation of four food categories in Sweden and in the United Kingdom; secondary data was collected by literature research. The methods resulted in inductive and deductive inferencing respectively, therefore in this study, results and discussion lead to an abductive reasoning, with conclusions generated from the collected data.<br /> <br /> Conclusions:<br /> Convenience is one of the most important drivers of packaging changes. Other trends are sustainability, health and safety, although incorporation of technology and package / product personalization are likely to grow in importance. Primary food packaging will likely become more environmental friendly, with the use of bioplastics in detriment of glass in formats such as flexible pouches. The future will potentially have both smaller and bulkier packages, as well as portion control and multipacks. In the next five to ten years, the future of packaging will not likely be focused on the older population, new formats, incorporation of radio frequency identification, edible packaging and nanotechnology. Currently, differences between the English and the Swedish market are noticeable mostly in the type of materials used, formats and number of products available. In the future, the refrigerator development is likely to respond to personalization by exploring a new feature: detachable compartments. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/7371371/file/7448777.pdf application/pdf 2366824 no 2015 eng Refrigerator Trends Packaging Food Sweden United Kingdom Future Consumer Technology and Engineering 978-91-7623-404-4 http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/7371371/file/7371829.pdf application/pdf yes 7371371 2015-06-18T13:47:01+02:00 2015-06-25T11:35:47+02:00 2015-06-18T14:47:16+02:00 12 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Nada Abdulla author 8167925 Tommy Cedervall supervisor Sara Linse supervisor Department of Chemistry v1000647 department Nanoparticles (NPs) are the particles between 1 and 100 nm. They are widely used in the medical field as delivery vehicles, therapeutics and contrast agents in cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are different types of NPs divided according to the source of used materials. The agglomeration of NPs can be prevented by adding different polymers to their surfaces. The optical properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) make them a good system for following the behaviour of NPs in vivo. The surface properties are determined according to the purpose and type of the target. The protein layers covering GNPs is called corona. The composition of corona depends on the particle material, size and surface properties. In this study, different methods (DLS, disc centrifuge and SDS-PAGE) were used to investigate the effect of different proteins, including PGB1, IgG and plasma proteins (cow and calf) on the aggregation of GNPs and how these aggregations could be prevented. It was found that PGB1 did not aggregate the particles while IgG did and the amount of aggregation depends on IgG concentration. In addition, PBS aggregated the particles while the water stabilized them. Finally, some experiments were done on carboxylated and biotinylated GNPs trying to conjugate to PGB1 and streptavidin respectively, but the results were unclear and more studies are needed. Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field. It includes fabrication of very small particles (nanoparticles). There are different types of nanoparticles depending on the material source. Some nanoparticles are used as a vehicle to deliver drugs to cells (e.g. cancer cells). Due to their large surface area relative to their volume, they can carry large amount of drugs. Nanoparticles can aggregate in salty solutions as in normal human blood. Specific molecules can be added to the particles surface to prevent aggregation. One of the widely used particles is gold nanoparticles. They can have different shapes like spheres and rods. One of the advantages of using gold nanoparticles is that the behavior of the particles in the solution can be detected primarily by the color. A purple colored means that small particles are stable in solution. While grey color is an indication of particle aggregation. When a particle enters blood the particle surface starts to interact with components in blood. Some components interact strongly while other interacts weakly with the particle surface. Proteins is one component in blood that often interacts with nanoparticles. Some proteins aggregate the particles and others not. Different techniques are used to measure the size of the particles in protein rich medium. Comparing the particles size naked particles in protein rich medium with protein conjugated particles, gives information about if the protein cause aggregations of the particles or not. Studying the effect of proteins on nanoparticles is important to evaluate the particle toxicity, safety, and suitability as drug carrier. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8168555/file/8168556.pdf application/pdf 10819591 no 2015 eng cow serum and IgG PGB1 corona Gold nanoparticles Protein Science proteinvetenskap Chemistry 8168555 2015-11-10T14:28:39+01:00 2015-11-11T14:03:27+01:00 2015-11-11T14:03:27+01:00 13 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsM2 Virginia Boix De La Cruz author 8887130 Magnus Borgström supervisor Department of Physics v1000621 department Solid State Physics v1000623 department Nanoscience is an emerging field of technology where the bottom-up fabrication techniques are utilized instead of the traditional top-down approaches for enhancing the performance of di erent optoelectronic devices. One such material is a semicon- ductor nanowire (NW) which holds immense potential in nanophotonic applications, such as solar cells, LEDs, lasers, sensors and photodetectors. In particular, detec- tion of infrared (IR) radiation emitted by all bodies has wide applications in medical imaging, environmental monitoring, surveillance, security and optical communica- tion.<br /> This Bachelor’s thesis fits in the purpose of developing novel devices which is part of a bigger project, aiming towards the fabrication and integration of e cient InP/InAsP NW Avalanche Photodetectors (APD). The NWs are designed with a Separate Absorption Multiplication (SAM) geometry in a vertical array pattern, but for a fundamental understanding single NWs are contacted in lateral geometry and characterized individually. The characterization setup used is a Cascade 11000B probe station equipped with a Keithley 4200 semiconductor characterization module.<br /> Our e orts were focused on determining experimentally the breakdown voltage for two di erent samples of NW APDs, as an initial step of establishing the dependance of the breakdown voltage with the temperature. A study of the contacts was also addressed in order to provide more data to the design of an optimized ohmic contact in the p-segment of the NWs.<br /> We could demonstrate that growing NWs with longer p-segments overcome the contacting issues previously reported. Additionally, we could recognize the influence on our results of the Schottky barrier present in the contact with the p+-segment, especially in the values obtained for the ideality factor (n = 1.2 ± 0.1 and n = 1.53 ± 0.12). Therefore, we conclude that optimizing the p-segment contact should be prioritized on further research.<br /> Finally, regarding the avalanche processes, the measurements performed were successful and in agreement with previous research on other materials. Nevertheless, the values obtained for the breakdown voltage (Vbr ≥ ≠45V on average) should be complemented with more measurements within the same samples, and with analysis on devices with di erent dopping profiles, in order to have a more reliable result and a trend in our data. NANO, THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY? A deeper look on Nano-photodetectors.<br /> Photodetectors are like the transmission of a formula one car; they are not as fancy as the aerodynamics design, or not as famous as the engine, but they are crucial for the car performance. So, what are photodetectors and why should we care about them? This are devices capable to detect electromagnetic radiation and convert it into an electric signal. What make them interesting and useful is that we are capable to make them detect a specific radiation, like infrared light for example, so their applications can range from simple devices that automatically open supermarket doors and receivers on TV remote controls, to photodiodes in fiberoptic connections or in Integrated Circuits, which are present in virtually all electronic equipment that we use today.<br /> Modern technology is pursuing the challenge to do smaller, lighter and more efficient components, and nanotechnology is proving to be the way to do it. When we talk about nanodevices, we have to think about how the size of a typical nanoparticle is to that formula one car as the car is to the Earth, and at that size things do not work the way we are used to; it is the territory of Quantum physics, and materials present a whole new set of characteristics that we can use to improve our technology. In the case of photodetectors, it is theoretically possible that nanowire arrays reach 100% light absorption. This could make the creation of 100% efficient solar panels possible (the actual performance of a solar cell is around 30%).<br /> However, in order to reach all these applications and improve the present technology, a better knowledge of the behavior of these nanowire-based devices has to be reached. This will be the aim of this thesis: we are going to characterize a specific configuration for an indium phosphide nanowire-based photodetector. By determining its behavior under different voltages and temperatures and comparing two different configurations, we want to reach a basic knowledge of this devices, which will set a starting point on the pursue of a more efficient photodetector design. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8887132/file/8887133.pdf application/pdf 4528947 no 2016 eng Photodetectors Nanotechnology Nanowires IndiumPhosphide Semiconductors Physics and Astronomy http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8887132/file/8887135.pdf application/pdf no 8887132 2016-07-11T21:47:13+02:00 2016-07-15T18:06:17+02:00 2016-07-15T18:06:17+02:00 14 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Bita Malekian author 7791676 Dan Hessman supervisor Solid State Physics v1000623 department Department of Physics v1000621 department The nanoscale surface topography of artificial materials, independent of surface chemistry, is known to significantly influence protein adsorption. Analyzing protein behavior in the presence of nanostructured surfaces is important in the areas such as medical implants development and biosensors. Surfaces with well-defined nanoscale topography can be fabricated by the available nanofabrication techniques and thus be used as model systems for protein assays. Well-ordered arrays of nanoholes with different diameters and the same depth were fabricated in silicon in order to study the effect of surface nanotopography on protein adsorption systematically. Electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching were used to fabricate small nanoholes down to 45 nm in diameter and 50 nm in depth. We have developed a method to study the interaction of a monolayer of human fibrinogen with nanoholes. Our approach includes using the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins which allows us to observe the natural behavior of proteins induced by nanoholes, and atomic force microscopy for further understanding of the interaction. In addition, Raman spectroscopy was evaluated as a technique to characterize the proteins adsorption to the planar and nanostructured surfaces. However Raman spectroscopy was not sensitive enough to detect any signal at the protein coverage used in this study. The result of the fluorescence measurements suggests that as the size of the nanoholes approaches 45 nm, fibrinogen adsorption is significantly increased. Interaction of human proteins with artificial materials is of significant importance in different areas such as biomedical implants development, biosensors and nanosafety. For instance when an implant is put into contact with the human tissue, protein adsorption is the first phenomena to occur spontaneously in the series of biological responses. The formed protein layer at the solid-liquid implant interface is a part of the processes which may lead to the acceptance or rejection of the implant. It is known that surface nanotopography of artificial materials independent of surface chemistry affect protein adsorption. Proteins respond to the surface nanotopography when size of the topographical features is comparable to the dimensions of proteins (size of a typical protein is in the nanometer range e.g. human fibrinogen has dimensions of 47× 9× 6 nm).<br /> Recent advancements in nanotechnology enable us to create nanostructured surfaces to mimic the environment which proteins sense in the presence of e.g. implanted artificial materials. In other words fabrication of model surfaces consisting patterns of nanoholes, nanogrooves and in general nanoscale features comparable with dimensions of proteins help us to understand the influence of surface nanotopography on protein behavior. In this project arrays of nanoholes with different diameters down to 45 nm and depth of 50 nm were fabricated on silicon in order to investigate the effect of size of the nanoholes on protein adsorption.<br /> One of the major challenges in this field of study is how to characterize protein behavior in the presence of nanostructured surfaces. In this work we have developed a unique method to study the influence of nanoholes with different sizes on a monolayer of fibrinogen adsorption. Our approach includes fluorescence technique using the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins and atomic force microscopy for further understanding of the interaction.<br /> In this thesis we have fabricated the arrays of nanoholes on Si substrate, deposited a monolayer of fibrinogen molecules on the nanostructured area and used fluorescence technique to investigate the effect of nanoholes on fibrinogen adsorption qualitatively. Atomic force microscopy was used as a complimentary technique to understand the distribution of fibrinogen molecules attached onto the nanostructured area. According to the fluorescence measurements, fibrinogen adsorption is significantly increased as the size of nanoholes approaches 45 nm. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/7791678/file/7791691.pdf application/pdf 3622064 yes 2015 eng nanostructured surfaces fibrinogen intrinsic fluorescence proteins fluorescence imaging Raman spectroscopy protein adsorption atomic force microscopy nanoholes SEM EBL RIE fluorescence spectroscopy Albumin laminin IgG protein binding tryptophan Physics and Astronomy 7791678 2015-08-27T14:10:07+02:00 2017-07-04T15:47:02+02:00 2017-07-04T15:47:02+02:00 15 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH3 Ph. D. Peter Persson author 1488344 Professor Kent Persson supervisor Structural Mechanics v1000228 department MAX-lab is a national synchrotron radiation facility in Lund. Nowadays, the MAX project consist of three facilities (three storage rings). A new storage ring is needed to improve material science, such as nanotechnology. MAX IV, also in Lund, will be 100 times more efficient than already existing synchrotron radiation facilities. The storage ring is controlled by a large number of magnets that are distributed along the ring. Since the quality of the measurement results from the MAX IV ring is dependent on the precision of the synchrotron light, a very strict requirement regarding the vibration levels of the magnets are defined. Vibration levels must be less than 26 nm during 1 s in the frequency span of 5-100 Hz. The site of MAX IV is located in an area in northeastern Lund called Brunnshög. At the site there is sedimentary bedrock and the soil mostly consists of boulder clay. The floor of the MAX IV building will mainly be constituted of a concrete structure. The inner and the outer radius of the structure are approximately 70 m and 110 m respectively and the storage ring has a circumference of approximately 500 m. The roof reaches the height of approximately 13 m.<br /> <br /> The aim is to establish realistic finite element models that predict vibrations on the floor at the magnet foundation with high accuracy. The ultimate goal is to show how the structure can be constructed to reduce the vibration levels and to check the fulfilment of the requirements. Vibrations are analysed by the finite element method. Steady-state analyses are performed to investigate vibrations at the magnet foundations for varying parameters. Transient analyses are performed to compare the results with the requirements by using realistic walking loads.<br /> <br /> The geometry of the FE-model was chosen to include the main laboratory concrete floor, the storage ring tunnel and the soil. Interfaces between building elements are assumed to have full interaction and since the structure is exposed to loads with low magnitude both the concrete and the soil were modeled as linear elastic isotropic materials. <br /> <br /> A parameter study was performed to investigate the dynamic behavior of the structure. The load was applied as a harmonic concentrated force positioned on the floor, 10 m from the outer boundary. A frequency sweep in the range of 0-40 Hz was made to investigate the behavior of the structure at different load frequencies. It was concluded that the low stiffness of the soil was the main cause of the vibration levels of the magnet foundations in the storage ring tunnel. To simulate the walking load as realistic as possible, it was applied as a transient moving load. Analyses were made for two load patterns on the concrete floor corresponding to tangential and radial walking patterns. It was concluded that the vibration levels of the magnet foundations generated by the walking load of one person exceeds the requirements when walking next to the storage ring tunnel. Even if the walking load is located several meters away from the tunnel walking loads, especially from groups of people, must be considered in the design process. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/1627630/file/1658883.pdf application/pdf 7280807 no 2010 eng steady-state solutions finite element method vibration reduction soil-structure analysis transient solutions Technology and Engineering 0281-6679 TVSM-5164 1627630 2010-07-07T08:29:25+02:00 2012-11-21T16:18:50+01:00 2010-08-23T13:48:19+02:00 16 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Timothy Lewis author 8957385 Maria Messing supervisor Calle Preger supervisor Solid State Physics v1000623 department Department of Physics v1000621 department In this project I attempt to press custom electrodes from Sm and Co powder using two different pressing tools. I investigate if custom electrodes can generate nanoparticles with tailored properties using a spark discharge generator (SDG). Three different sources of the nanoparticle material will be considered, pressed Sm and Co powder, pure Sm and Co electrodes and alloyed SmCo made from demagnetized magnets. The nanoparticles produced were analysed using tandem DMA to investigate the size distribution, concentration, thermal charging and oxidation of the particles. The particles were compacted and deposited using an ESP so that SEM analysis could be performed to examine the morphology and TEM/EDX to learn about the particle&#39;s elemental composition. The production of pressed SmCo electrodes was unsuccessful, but stainless steel electrodes were pressed, and it is hoped that custom electrodes can be produced using an improved tool. Compositional analysis of SmCo particles made from pure Sm and Co and alloyed electrodes both contained Sm and Co, but the internal elemental composition and morphology differed. The ability to produce nanoparticles with desirable properties using an SDG is good. Nanoparticles with tailored properties have potential to be generated and have a number of important applications in biomedicine. Aerosol physics is a key field of interest for scientific research. It covers a range of important scientific areas on the scale of the planets atmospheric conditions to the use of nanoparticles to treat cancer. Nanoparticles have incredible potential to change the lives of humans throughout the world.<br /> <br /> Nanoscience and technology is an evolving field of research that has the potential to change the lives of people all around the world. Nanotechnology describes structures such as nanoparticles on the scale of a nanometer which is one billionth of a meter, a size comparable to that of atoms. Nanoparticles of this size are interesting because they gain properties that are otherwise impossible for larger objects. Innovations as a result of nanoscience have already been implemented in a number of consumer devices such as in electronics, filtration systems and medical devices. Magnetic nanoparticles are a relatively new tool and can be manipulated in unique ways making them an area of interest with intriguing potentials.<br /> <br /> Magnetic nanoparticles are likely to be produced from a combination of elements such as samarium and cobalt. A good method to create nanoparticles from a combination of materials is to have a spark between two metal rods. These rods can be made by pressing together powder of the desired elements into solid metallic rods. The spark between the rods is very hot creating a plasma which cools into nanoparticles which are a mixture of the elements used in the rods. These nanoparticles can be collected to study their shape and understand how they change when using different gases and at different temperatures.<br /> <br /> A spark discharge generator is a powerful machine which has an array of components to control the production of particles. The SDG also has a number of tools to help to understand nanoparticles after they have been created. <br /> <br /> Nanoparticles, as the name suggests are very small and thus normal light microscope cannot resolve the fine details of the particles. An electron microscope can resolve nanoparticles so a scanning electron microscope is used to understand the shapes of the particles. A transmission electron microscope can penetrate the particles giving information on which materials the nanoparticles are made of.<br /> <br /> Magnetic nanoparticles have many exciting applications such as being used to in experimental cancer treatments. Magnetic nanoparticles can be manipulated to parts of the body where the cancer is present and heated up to safely destroy the cancer cells. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8994160/file/8994162.pdf application/pdf 18415611 no 2019 eng Physics and Astronomy http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8994160/file/8994167.pdf application/pdf no 8994160 2019-09-04T15:53:14+02:00 2019-09-04T17:09:03+02:00 2019-09-04T17:09:03+02:00 17 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsM2 Valter Sundström author 9164854 Craig Polley supervisor Joachim Schnadt supervisor Department of Physics v1000621 department Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department We extend the capabilities of a LEED instrument to allow raster scanning across entire samples, giving a map of LEED patterns. The method gives a macroscopic view of the inhomogeneity and quality of samples, and we propose that the usage of LEED scanning as a simple alternative to more complex methods has viable uses during sample preparation, without the need for costly beamtime. Results from inhomogeneity mapping of a monolayer SiC sample were compared to scans taken with photoemission spectroscopy, showing good agreement. The photoemission measurements took ten times longer to perform and required significantly more advanced practical knowledge. Additionally, a badly cleaved sample of PtTe2 was investigated, allowing the localization of miniscule LEED patterns by analysing raster scans. Human interest in materials science is as old as civilization itself. What has changed dramatically is the number of different specialized materials we now require, and the complexity of producing and researching them. For extreme performance in heat and energy conduction, as well as other unique properties, we must work at the smallest scale in the relatively new field of nanotechnology, born in the 1980s. Materials where one dimension is on the nanoscale, meaning we have an extremely thin sheet of something rather than a three-dimensional crystal, are called 2D materials or simply nanosheets. Graphite is a material commonly encountered in the form of pencils, and it is made up of nanosheets of graphene. Graphene was successfully isolated in 2004, becoming the first in a new wave of exfoliable 2D materials, and along with superb electrical and thermal conductivity it is currently the mechanically strongest material ever tested. At the nano-scale, the equipment needed for research becomes highly complex and often very energy intensive. Some technologies allow us to explore material surfaces with fewer resources, such as Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) or Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), but for detailed investigation of material properties, usage of high- energy beams is often required. This either means access to large and expensive lasers, or particle accelerators, of which there are relatively few in the world with long waiting lines and strict selection processes. There simply isn’t enough beamtime for everyone who could use it. In light of this situation we would benefit from maximizing the usage of simpler and more accessible tools. By way of example, here we demonstrate how low energy electron diffraction (LEED) can be extended to provide richer insights during sample preparation procedures. A sample can be extremely small, or the surface can be inhomogeneous or hard to clean, making it difficult and time consuming to find good measurement spots. LEED is an especially surface sensitive technique that tells us about the crystal structure 1 at a point on a sample, and it is a simple, common and relatively inexpensive technique available to any lab that needs it. By taking LEED measurements across a whole sample, we can observe subtle variations in crystal ordering or quality, and pinpoint the best measurement spots or find potential preparation issues. This allows for better preparation before gaining access to a beamline or other facility with time limitations, in order to make the most out of the time allotted there. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9164856/file/9164862.pdf application/pdf 9254054 no 2024 eng LEED ARPES SiC silicone carbide software raster scan electron diffraction experimental technique Physics and Astronomy http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9164856/file/9164861.pdf application/pdf no 9164856 2024-06-17T16:31:44+02:00 2024-06-18T09:02:43+02:00 2024-06-18T08:43:31+02:00 18 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Patrik Nilsson author 9048546 Dr Tiffany Abitbol supervisor Patric Jannasch supervisor Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department Kristallin nanocellulosa i vattensuspensioner självordnar till vackra, iriserande, kiralt ordnade filmer om vattnet i suspensionen låts evaporera bort över några dagar. Denna processen kallas evaporation induced self-assembly. Filmernas egenskaper kan påverkas genom tillsättning av additiv till startsuspensionen och denna effekt har undersökts, men sällan med mer än ett additiv åt gången. För att undersöka egenskaperna i multikomponentfilmer med en rimlig mängd resurser behövs en experimentsdesignapproach. Då modellkonstruktion och applicering av multivariata modeller är relativt nytt inom fältet kring kristallin nanocellulosa har målet i detta projektet varit att testa applicerbarheten, styrkorna och svagheterna i denna approach inom cellulosaområdet. Målet var både att modellera och förutsäga filmernas egenskaper samt de underliggande mekanismer som orsakar filmernas egenskaper. Approachen var att applicera multivariata modeller för att försöka länka suspensionerna egenskaper (turbiditet, jonstryrka) till utfallen i solida filmer (deras ordning, mekaniska och optiska egenskaper). I praktiken mättes filmernas optiska och mekaniska egenskaper samt suspensionernas turbiditet vid olika kompositioner bestående av nanocellulosa och fyra distinkta bio-baserade additiv och en prediktiv kvantitativ modell konstruerades. Resultaten från detta arbetet antyder att en experimentdesignapproach kan användas för att förutsäga både suspensioners och filmers egenskaper. Dock mer intressant antyder resultatet även att egenskaperna hos utspädda suspensioner kan användas för att förutsäga det slutgiltiga ordnade tillståndet efter EISA utan att ta de olika fenomenen som sker i mellanliggande koncentrationsområde i beaktning. A grand challenge the coming century is to shift humanity’s material dependence from petroleum based to renewable. Using cellulose, the most abundant material on earth, and nanotechnology to create smart, safe and renewable alternatives could be a part of the solution to our global problems. New data based tools aimed to make this task easier, ensuring the transition to renewable materials happen on time was investigated and created in this project.<br /> Cellulose is everywhere, trees, cotton, algae, hemp, sisal and tunicates all contain large amounts of cellulose. Nanoscale cellulose can be extracted from these organisms through processing them in a strong acid. By choosing the acid and processing parameters carefully the cellulose can be tuned in a myriad of ways. Already at this stage useful functionalities are obtained but we can go further and process the nanocellulose even more to create an even larger set of possible materials. Adding other compounds, evaporating in to films, evaporating in to aerogels, gelling and crosslinking are just a few examples of the possibilities with this material. All these processes can be done in different ways with different additives. In other words, the space of possibilities in enormous. This project has tested a Design of Experiments approach in this field which is a mathematical way of structuring experimentation to maximize the information that is gained from the experiments. This information can then be used to construct computer models that predict properties of the materials after one of these processing steps. Why is this important then? Well imagine that you want to make a film, for example, that reflects all red light, is flexible and strong enough to handle, and is made from entirely renewable materials. This can be made with nanocellulose and by using our model it’s possible to predict what the results will be without even getting in to the lab or at least with far less work. This makes it less laborious to develop novel functional products that doesn’t jeopardize the future of civilization. <br /> So now we know how to develop materials with nanocellulose faster, what’s the point of this? <br /> These renewable materials can be used in conjunction with solar cells to either improve their efficiency or replace parts of the solar cells to reduce the environmental impact of the solar cell production. There is also promising application to use nanocellulose based materials as renewable, biodegradable packaging. Another exciting application is to use nanocellulose to make aerogels which are incredibly light, relatively strong materials that can be used as a replacement for current Styrofoam like materials. But the common denominator of all these applications is that they need development, development made easier with Patrik Nilsson’s thesis work titled.<br /> A design of experiments approach to cellulose nanocrystal films:<br /> Towards a universal model for predicting film order http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9048548/file/9060850.pdf application/pdf 3313848 yes 2021 eng Nanocellulose Cellulose Nanocrystals Modelling Design of Experiments Surface Chemistry Self-assembly Chemistry Nanoscience Biopolymers Sustainability Biomaterials Cellulose Materials Chemistry Technology and Engineering http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9048548/file/9048559.docx application/zip yes http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9048548/file/9048561.docx application/zip yes 9048548 2021-06-03T10:03:31+02:00 2021-07-05T11:20:06+02:00 2021-07-05T11:20:06+02:00 19 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsM2 Andrea Wong author 9195535 Lukasz Michalak supervisor Magnus Borgström supervisor Department of Physics v1000621 department Solid State Physics v1000623 department The understanding of solid state physics is a significant part of understanding the foundations of modern technology and engineering. Applications of solid state physics are broad; it includes solar panels, laser technology, transistors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and many more, all of which have been significant technological advancements that have offered people efficient and useful devices as well as more sustainable ways of living. Currently, most secondary school physics curricula do not include solid state physics. Including it could stimulate interest and build foundations in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics<br /> (STEM), so that students have the basic knowledge to make further explorations.<br /> <br /> With the aim of offering students a higher level of practical understanding and to foster creativity and cognitive thinking, this project explores the possibility and practicality of including solid state physics and its applications in standard secondary school physics curricula. The major part of the project is to develop a plan for a workshop that consists of two sessions: first, a theory lesson which consists of explaining crucial ideas in semiconductor physics. Second, an experiential learning experience focused on the operating principles and characteristics of LEDs. The workshop is then held in a local Swedish high school, where participants are interviewed after the activity so that the effectiveness of the project can be evaluated. The results of this investigation has shown that it is indeed practical and beneficial for high school students to learn about semiconductor physics. At the end of this paper, methods to improve the workshop to better fit different groups of students is discussed. Particularly, in terms of adjusting the content that is included as well as time management. In today’s digital world, semiconductors power nearly every aspect of our lives—from smartphones and computers to medical devices and renewable energy systems. Yet, semiconductor physics remains largely absent from secondary school curricula. This gap represents a missed opportunity to prepare students for the future, both in terms of career readiness and scientific literacy. Integrating semiconductor physics into secondary education can inspire young minds, foster curiosity and innovation, and create a skilled workforce for tomorrow’s innovation-driven economy.<br /> <br /> Semiconductors are materials with electrical properties that fall between conductors and insulators, allowing them to control the flow of electricity. Teaching students about semiconductors provides them with an understanding of the technology behind the devices they use every day, such as transistors in smartphones, light emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells etc., fostering curiosity and engagement in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.<br /> <br /> Science in textbooks often feature having students memorize facts and hard knowledge. Many of them do not see significance in what they learn. For example. They learn about basic electrical circuits and atomic structure, but they rarely explore how these concepts are applied in real-world situations such as microprocessors and LEDs. With so many devices composing of semiconductor materials nowadays, related STEM career opportunities are booming. Exposing students to semiconductor concepts early can ignite interest in careers in electronics, nanotechnology, and materials science, ensuring a steady pipeline of future professionals. Semiconductor technology also plays a crucial role in living more sustainably; LEDs provide more energy-efficient lighting, and solar panels generate renewable energy. Including them in education inspire students to innovate in sustainable technology fields, contributing to a greener future.<br /> <br /> Incorporating semiconductor physics into high school curriculum does not require a major shift in existing science programs. <br /> <br /> Teachers also do not need to introduce complex formulas way beyond the academic ability of high school students. Instead, teachers could give qualitative explanations accompanied by interactive activities such as labs, presentations and discussions. With a bit of effort, teachers can make a lot out of basic laboratory equipment that can be found in most high schools. Students can build simple electronic circuits and connecting semiconductor components like diodes and transistors to see semiconductor principles in action. Connecting semiconductor physics with environmental science and computer programming can also inspire students to think outside of the box and come up with other creative ideas on applications. <br /> <br /> As technology continues to evolve, so must our approach to education. Integrating semiconductor physics into secondary school curricula can empower students with the knowledge and skills needed for the digital age. By making this field more accessible and engaging, we can inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers, and innovators who will shape the future of technology. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9198624/file/9198639.pdf application/pdf 3195952 no 2025 eng Light Emitting Diodes Physics pedagogy Physics education Physics and Astronomy 9198624 2025-06-13T10:58:27+02:00 2025-06-13T12:41:46+02:00 2025-06-13T12:41:46+02:00 20 1.1abstract = nanotechnologyabstract=nanotechnology