1.1 6 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Frans Libertson author 8879078 Mine Islar supervisor LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department SIDA funder The Right Livelihood Award Foundation funder This thesis examines the potential of society, and social movement in particular, as an agent of change for sustainability.<br /> <br /> In August 2014 student activists initiated a sit-in strike outside of the Hong Kong government headquarters, as a protest against the non-democratic electoral system forced upon the city by China. The attempt by the police to disperse the crowd by using teargas had a reversed effect and produced multiple waves of mass support all over Hong Kong. The movement grew beyond a centralized control of any person or organization. The Umbrella Revolution, as the movement came to be known as, was more profound than merely a protest for universal suffrage. It was a dynamic and creative platform with several groups involved, each with their own agenda.<br /> <br /> The Umbrella Revolution provides a critical case study for sustainability science, as it comprises an opportunity to investigate the strategic benefits that social movements pose to environmentalist groups. The thesis takes on the Marxist ideas of interlinked oppression and cross-movement coalitions, to explore the synergies that occurred during the Umbrella Revolution between the majority of political groups and the minority of environmental activists. Using data from qualitative interviews with environmental activist groups, this thesis seeks to determine the effect of voicing environmental concerns during the time of the revolution.<br /> <br /> The findings demonstrate that the environmentalist groups have benefitted from engaging with the Umbrella Revolution, as people have become more prone to take action and care for the environment, compared to prior the movement. However, the findings also demonstrate that the new support is not likely to originate from an increased environmental consciousness per say, but from a newly awakened overarching concern for the society. The findings indicate that the Umbrella Revolution was a major political awakening for the people of Hong Kong, as it fostered strong commitment and a shared sense of responsibility. The political awakening has facilitated the work of the environmentalist groups who now enjoy the benefits of a stronger support for their causes.<br /> <br /> This thesis considers social movement coalitions to be an agent of change for sustainability. The study proves that it is beneficial for the work of an environmental movement to form an alliance with a social movement, as it provides strategic advantages. However, the study also proves that positive cross-movement coalition outcomes are not dependent on a successful reframing of the cause to align the participating groups. It may thus be generalized that a social movement constitutes a useful tool for environmental movement. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8879080/file/8879082.pdf application/pdf 613770 no 2016 eng Umbrella Revolution social movements cross-movement coalition politicization social movement abeyance sustainability science Social Sciences 2016:020 8879080 2016-06-08T22:21:14+02:00 2016-06-09T16:31:29+02:00 2016-06-09T16:31:29+02:00 1 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Laura Niessen author 8914101 Sara Gabrielsson supervisor LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department The Right Livelihood Award Foundation funder The Swedish government has committed to a steep increase in renewable energy production, with the aim that Sweden&#39;s energy supply should become entirely renewable by 2040. One of the renewable energy forms that is currently under expansion is wind power, with approximately a third of existing installed capacity in the four northernmost provinces. In these provinces, however, the wind power developments conflict with Sámi reindeer husbandry, an indigenous livelihood that depends on large grazing lands and freedom of migration. Through the lens of Schlosberg&#39;s (2004)environmental justice framework, this thesis scrutinizes the justice claims made by the reindeer herders as well as the developers and Swedish authorities. I find that the competing perceptions of what is just create injustices for the indigenous and less powerful Sámi herders. They can point to several injustices regarding distribution, procedure and recognition in the wind power development. Then, I turn to the broader context of the future of Sámi reindeer herding in the context of climate change. I find that competing land uses, such as wind power, and other factors increase the herders&#39; vulnerability to climate change. Conflicts in the Sámi community and insufficient protection for the indigenous livelihood by the Swedish state can further aggravate the uncertain future of Sámi reindeer herding. Finally, I provide recommendations on how the herders&#39; adaptive capacity could be strenghtened. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8914103/file/8922095.pdf application/pdf 2960752 no 2017 eng environmental justice sustainability science Sámi vulnerability Social Sciences 2017:015 8914103 2017-06-12T12:40:45+02:00 2017-07-26T12:09:20+02:00 2017-06-18T16:15:22+02:00 2 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Ruth Krüger author 8914395 Sara Gabrielsson supervisor LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department The Right Livelihood Award Foundation funder Svenska Institutet funder The focus of this thesis is energy justice and sustainability science, and the argument is based on a case study of the Inga dams. Substantial further development of hydropower is planned at the Inga dams, located on the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. While the project will add macro-economic benefits through the additional power, benefits are limited for people living nearby, a pattern magnified by the in-migration during dam construction. Erstwhile construction workers are now largely unemployed and therefore directly natural resource dependent, so that they stand to be affected by environmental changes when the next dam is built. The dynamics surrounding the Inga dams suggest injustice, so a study was conducted using energy justice theory to evaluate this. Field work was done along the Congo River, in Kinshasa, Boma, Inga and Muanda. The methods used were interviews, focus groups, participant mapping, a survey, transect walks and participant observation, and the data generated was analysed using open-ended qualitative coding and some descriptive statistics. The existing Inga dams were found lacking in terms of energy justice. Distributional justice is limited as, while local people at Inga receive electricity, housing and water free of charge, service provision is of varying quality and benefits follow a pattern of social stratification. On the national level, only 13.5 % of the population have electricity access, and this causes sustainability challenges. Further, justice as recognition is insufficient, as only traditional right-holders are recognised, but there are many others that are affected. Procedural justice is most severely lacking, as affected people were not consulted or compensated during construction. There are further concerns connected to the new dam that is planned, Inga 3. The primary benefit to be expected for local people is employment, and this is short term in nature. Recognition is unlikely to expand beyond traditional right-holders. There are plans for consultation and compensation, but the extent to which this will meet local expectations is not clear. As such, there are various limits to energy justice with both existing and planned dams. Nevertheless, they are perceived in strongly positive terms across study sites. Even if limited, the potential benefits of the new dam mean that local people must accept its negative impacts, a watered down version of justice. This increases their vulnerability, and highlights the importance of ensuring that the project is aligned with the principles of energy justice so it is sustainable. In dieser These wird ein Argument der Energiegerechtigkeit und der Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft vorgestellt, basiert auf eine Fallstudie der Inga-Dämme. Eine bedeutende Weiterentwicklung der Wasserkraft ist an den Inga-Dämmen geplant, die sich am Kongo-Fluss in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo befinden. Obwohl von das Projekt durch seine zusätzliche Elektrizität makroökonomische Vorteile hat, sind die Vorteile auf lokaler Ebene nur begrenzt, und diese werden weiter wegen der starken In-Migration während des Dammbaues reduziert. Bisherige Bauarbeiter sind mittlerweile weitgehend arbeitslos und daher auch direkt von natürliche Ressourcen abhängig, so dass sie von Umweltveränderungen betroffen sein werden, wenn der nächste Damm gebaut wird. Die Dynamik der Inga-Dämme weist auf Ungerechtigkeit hin, und eine Studie auf Grunde der Energiegerechtigkeitstheorie wurde durchgeführt, um dies zu bewerten. Feldforschung wurde am Kongo-Flusses durchgeführt, in Kinshasa, Boma, Inga und Muanda. Die verwendeten Methoden waren Interviews, Fokusgruppen, teilnehmendes Mapping, eine Umfrage, Transekt-Walks und teilnehmende Beobachtung, und die erzeugten Daten wurden mit einer qualitativen Codierung und einigen deskriptiven Statistiken analysiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass es einige bedeutende Lücken in der Energiegerechtigkeit der schon vorhandenen Inga-Dämmen gibt. Die Verteilungsgerechtigkeit ist begrenzt, da obwohl alle Inga-Bewohner Strom, Wohnraum und Wasser kostenlos erhalten, sind diese Vorteile von sehr unterschiedlicher Qualität, und die Verteilung dieser wiederspiegelt der sozialen Schichtung. Auf nationaler Ebene haben nur 13,5% der Bevölkerung Stromzugang und dies führt zu Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen. Weiterhin ist die Gerechtigkeit der Anerkennung unzureichend, da nur traditionelle Rechteinhaber erkannt werden, obwohl es gibt viele andere gibt, die betroffen sind. Bei der Verfahrensgerechtigkeit sind die größten Lücken, da die betroffenen Menschen während des Baus nicht konsultiert oder entschädigt wurden. Es sind auch weitere Probleme mit dem neuen Damm, Inga 3, zu erwarten. Der größte Vorteil, der für die Inga-Bewohner zu erwarten ist, ist Beschäftigung, diese ist aber nur kurzfristig. Es ist auch unwahrscheinlich, dass Anerkennung über die traditionellen Rechteinhaber hinaus reichen wird. Es gibt Pläne für Konsultierung und Entschädigung, aber inwieweit diese den lokalen Erwartungen entsprechen werden, ist nicht sicher. Es gibt also einige Eingrenzungen der Energiegerechtigkeit, die mit den schon bestehenden und noch geplanten Inga-Dämmen verbunden sind. Dennoch werden sie von Menschen im Kongo als sehr positiv empfunden, und dass auch an allen Studienorten. Die potenziellen Vorteile des neuen Dammes bedeuten, obwohl sie begrentzt sind, dass die Einheimischen müssen die negativen Auswirkungen des Dammes akzeptieren müssen. Sie müssen also eine verwässerte Version der Gerechtigkeit akzeptieren. Dies erhöht ihren Gefährdungsgrad und hebt hervor, dass das Projekt den Grundsätzen der Energiegerechtigkeit entsprechen muss, so dass es nachhaltig ist. L&#39;objectif de cette thèse est la justice énergétique et la science de la durabilité, et l&#39;argument est basé sur une étude de cas des barrages Inga. Un développement grand de l&#39;énergie hydroélectrique est prévu avec les barrages Inga, situés sur le fleuve Congo en République démocratique du Congo. Alors que le projet ajoutera des avantages macroéconomiques grâce à l’électricité supplémentaire, les avantages sont limités pour les personnes vivant à proximité, et le problème s’aggrave avec la migration pendant la construction des barrages. Les travailleurs de la construction sont maintenant au chômage en grande partie, et dépendent donc directement des ressources naturelles. C’est à dire aussi qu’ils peuvent être affectés par des changements environnementaux quand le prochain barrage est construit. La situation des barrages Inga suggère une injustice, donc une étude a été réalisée en utilisant la théorie de la justice énergétique pour évaluer cela. La recherche pour ce projet a été effectué le long de la rivière Congo, à Kinshasa, Boma, Inga et Muanda. Les méthodes utilisées ont été les interviews, les groupes de discussion, un questionnaire, des promenades d’études et l&#39;observation participante, et les données générées ont été analysées à l&#39;aide d&#39;un codage qualitatif et certaines statistiques descriptives. Les barrages Inga existants ont été jugés insuffisants en termes de justice énergétique. La justice de la distribution est limitée car, alors que les habitants d&#39;Inga reçoivent de l&#39;électricité, du logement et de l&#39;eau gratuitement, la prestation de services varie selon leur qualité, et cela suit un schéma de la stratification sociale. Au niveau national, c’est seulement 13,5% de la population qui ont un accès à l&#39;électricité, ce qui entraîne des défis pour la durabilité. En outre, la justice de la reconnaissance est insuffisante, car seuls les détenteurs de droits traditionnels sont reconnus, malgré que beaucoup d&#39;autres sont touchés. La justice procédurale est le plus grave, car les personnes affectées n&#39;ont pas été consultées ou compensées pendant la construction. Il existe d&#39;autres problèmes liés au nouveau du barrage prévu, Inga 3. Le principal avantage prédit pour les populations locales est l&#39;emploi, et c&#39;est à court terme. Il est probable que la reconnaissance ne dépasse pas les détenteurs de droits traditionnels. Il existe des plans de consultation et d&#39;indemnisation, mais la mesure dans laquelle cela répond aux attentes locales n&#39;est pas claire. En tant que tel, il existe diverses limites à la justice énergétique avec les barrages existants et prévus. Néanmoins, ils sont perçus dans des termes fortement positifs dans les sites d&#39;étude. Même si c’est limité, les avantages potentiels du nouveau barrage signifient que la population locale doit accepter ses effets négatifs, une version diluée de la justice. Cela augmente leur vulnérabilité et souligne l&#39;importance de s&#39;assurer que le projet est aligné aux principes de la justice énergétique pour qu&#39;il soit durable. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8914763/file/8914839.pdf application/pdf 3036118 no 2017 eng hydroelectric dams energy justice sustainability science Democratic Republic of Congo post-colonial context Social Sciences 2017:023 Funder for field work travel: Right Livelihood Award Foundation Funder for LUMES studies: Swedish Institute 8914763 2017-06-13T12:22:41+02:00 2017-06-15T13:36:05+02:00 2017-06-15T13:36:05+02:00 3 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Larissa Stiem author 4461976 Torsten Krause supervisor LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department African Model Forest Network funder The Right Livelihood Award Foundation funder In an effort to mitigate global climate change, the REDD+ mechanism (an acronym for ‘Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stock’) continues to be put forward as an attractive carbon sequestration and forest conservation tool. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), hosting more than 63% of the Congo Basin rainforests, is the biggest receiver for REDD+ funding in Africa. These funds are used to improve forest governance towards sustainable forest management practices and forest conservation. In particular at the local level, these changes will affect communities’ forest resource use, forest management practices, and ultimately their livelihoods. Given the fact that the DRC scores fifth highest in the world on the Gender Inequality Index, it is unacceptable that gender issues remain peripheral in the process of setting up REDD+ governance structures. <br /> Therefore, my research addresses this issue of gender blindness in examining barriers to female participation in forest governance. Theories and frameworks from Feminist Political Ecology and Bina Agarwal in particular have guided the research for a deeper understanding of prevailing power relations and social norms that shape gender inequalities. Focus group discussions and individual interviews with community members in two different project sites in Equateur Province as well as field observations and expert interviews reveal socially constructed norms and perceptions on gendered forest knowledge, use and governance. <br /> Key findings from this study show a striking discrepancy in de facto and perceived women’s forest knowledge and activities in the forest, which nourishes men’s claims on dominant power over the use and management of forest resources. Likewise, women’s traditional exclusion from forest governance is predicated on a systematic undervaluation of their capacities. Women could be equally involved in REDD+ though. With the increased emergence of emancipative thinking and better access to education, progressive values towards gender equality challenge patriarchal norms and practices. The study’s findings show that men generally accept women’s active participation in formal forest governance institutions – even leadership – provided that the woman is sufficiently educated.<br /> In order for the whole community, men and women alike, to benefit from REDD+ interventions, it will be crucial to understand gendered differences in use, knowledge, and control over forest resources. In particular, women’s capacities must be strengthened to empower them to participate and profit in an equal manner. Unless REDD+ activities are designed and implemented appropriately, gendered power imbalances could be deteriorated by REDD+ project activities. En cherchant des solutions pour atténuer les changements climatiques, le mécanisme REDD+ (un acronyme pour la «Réduction des émissions liées à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts ainsi que le rôle de la conservation, de la gestion durable des forêts et du renforcement des stocks de carbone forestier») continue d&#39;être promu comme un outil populaire de la séquestration du carbone et de conservation de la forêt. La République démocratique du Congo (RDC), qui héberge plus de 63% des forêts tropicales du Bassin du Congo, a reçu la grande majorité du financement REDD+ à ce jour en Afrique. Ces fonds sont utilisés pour améliorer la gouvernance forestière à l’égard des pratiques de gestion durable des forêts et de la conservation des forêts. Sur le plan communautaire, ces changements auront des impacts sur l’utilisation des ressources forestières, les pratiques de gouvernance forestière et, en fin de compte, les moyens de subsistance des communautés locales. Compte tenu du fait que la RDC prend la cinquième place du monde sur l’indice d’inégalité entre les sexes, il est inacceptable que les questions de genre restent périphériques dans le processus de mise en place des structures de gouvernance de la REDD+.<br /> Par conséquent, ma recherche aborde ces enjeux de genre dans le cadre de la REDD+ en examinant les obstacles à la participation des femmes dans la gouvernance forestière. Les théories de l’écologie politique féministe et en particulier celles de Bina Agarwal ont guidé la recherche pour comprendre les relations de pouvoir et les normes sociales qui entrainent les inégalités de genre. Des discussions en focus groupes et des entretiens individuels avec les membres de la communauté locale dans deux sites de projets dans la province de l&#39;Equateur ainsi que des observations sur le terrain et des interviews avec des experts révèlent des différences de genre concernant les connaissances, l&#39;utilisation et la gouvernance de la forêt liés aux normes et perceptions socialement construites. <br /> Les résultats de cette étude montrent une différence clé entre la réalité et la perception des connaissances de la forêt et des activités dans la forêt des femmes. Cette fausse perception socialement acceptée nourrit les revendications des hommes sur leur pouvoir dominant sur l’utilisation et la gestion des ressources forestières. De plus, l&#39;exclusion traditionnelle des femmes à l’égard de la gouvernance forestière est fondée sur une sous-évaluation systématique de leurs capacités. Néanmoins, l’inclusion des femmes dans la REDD+ est possible. Au cours de l&#39;émergence des pensées émancipatrices et en vue d’un meilleur accès à l&#39;éducation, des valeurs progressives envers l&#39;égalité entre les sexes mettent en question des normes et pratiques patriarcales. Les résultats révèlent que les hommes acceptent généralement la participation active des femmes dans les institutions formelles de gouvernance forestière - même leur leadership - à condition que la femme soit suffisamment instruite.<br /> Pour que toute la communauté, hommes et femmes, puisse bénéficier des interventions de REDD+, il est primordial de comprendre les différences de genre concernant l&#39;utilisation, la connaissance et le contrôle sur les ressources forestières. En particulier, il faut que les capacités des femmes soient renforcées afin de permettre aux femmes de participer et de bénéficier d&#39;une manière égale. Si les pratiques REDD+ ne sont pas conçues et mises en œuvre d’une manière appropriée, les activités des projets REDD+ pourraient détériorer les déséquilibres entre les sexes. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4461978/file/4461981.pdf application/pdf 8645790 no 2014 eng REDD+ women sustainable forest management feminist political ecology sustainability science Social Sciences 2014:024 4461978 2014-06-10T11:56:25+02:00 2014-06-10T12:42:34+02:00 2014-06-10T12:42:34+02:00 4 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Theres Konrad author 5434960 Ellinor Isgren supervisor LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department The Right Livelihood Award Foundation funder A growing world population confronts humanity and the planet with several challenges due to its increased demand for food, space and energy, implying changes in land use. While agriculture currently provides enough food, it is destroying biodiversity and hence aggravates the planet ́s vulnerability to climate change. A paradigm shift might therefore be needed. Applying a political ecology lens, complemented with thoughts of the concept of deep democracy, the purpose of this research was to explore the potential of alternative forms of agriculture in guaranteeing local food supply and preserving the environment. Furthermore, the role of a farm community for a transformation to a more sustainable paradigm at and beyond the local level was explored. Inspired by action research and Social and Cultural Anthropology, an ethnographic case study, combining participant observation with interviews at a biodynamic community-supported farm in El Bolsón, Argentina was conducted. The investigation reveals that this farm significantly contributes to the community ́s local food supply while treating the environment respectfully. Furthermore, this research highlights that the farm delivers food for thought, while strengthening social faculties. Moreover, in the case of this Argentinian farm a belief in bottom-up grass-root movements was detected to overcome the dominant capitalistic paradigm. However, literature underlines the importance of the political level. This thesis therefore suggests that community-supported farms, such as the one studied here, can be seen as spaces of empowerment and potential generators of a paradigm shift – provided that a vision of change rather than a market orientation is their foundation and an agrarian citizenship is practiced. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5464143/file/5464161.pdf application/pdf 4481276 no 2015 eng Argentina community-supported agriculture (CSA) global food supply power dynamics sustainability science Social Sciences 2015:010 5464143 2015-06-04T09:54:44+02:00 2015-06-04T14:51:50+02:00 2015-06-04T14:51:50+02:00 5 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Katharina Wiese author 8962302 PhD Sara Brogaard supervisor LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department The Right Livelihood Award Foundation funder More than 70% of the population in Ethiopia lack access to electricity and thus rely on traditional sources of energy such as biomass that is associated with negative consequences on health and the environment. Decentralized community-based micro-hydropower plants (MHPs) are being utilized as effective means to transition to modern low-carbon energy systems providing access to electricity to communities in remote areas. However, there exist a knowledge gap regarding energy justice dimensions and gendered impacts related to sustainable energy transitions in the Global South. <br /> This research investigates the gendered justice implications of low-carbon energy projects in the case of four community-based micro-hydropower projects in Ethiopia implemented by the German Development Cooperation (GIZ). By applying the energy justice framework, I use a mixed-method research approach based on a survey, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations in order to identify socio-economic impacts and justice outcomes of the installations. <br /> My data reveal divergent perceptions in the distribution, procedure and recognition dimensions among gender across all cases. Although the projects generally achieved positive outcomes for the lives of the villagers socio-economic impacts on income, productive use, health and education affected men and women differently. The particular energy needs, uses and challenges that women face were insufficiently addressed and hence are limiting the opportunities for women to benefit equally from access to electricity. Furthermore, the effective participation of women in the management of the cooperatives was impeded by underlying structural factors such as the rules of entry, social norms and behavior. Generally, procedural justice aspects such as access to information, consultation and participation seemed to be insufficient to create a sense of ownership which in turn can jeopardize the long-term sustainability of the hydropower plants. <br /> Hence, practical recommendations refer to the active engagement and equal participation of men and women throughout the entire project cycle as well as accounting for gendered energy needs, concerns and challenges related to access to low-carbon energy. Furthermore, access to electricity needs to be combined with activities improving access to resources and women’s agency. Further development of energy justice theory by integrating gendered dimensions as well as debates on energy justice addressing low-carbon transitions in the Global South are needed. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8962304/file/8962314.pdf application/pdf 7809124 yes 2018 eng energy justice gender community-based micro-hydropower Ethiopia sustainability science Social Sciences 2018:030 This thesis was supported by the Right Livelihood College. It was further in collaboration with the German Development Cooperation (GIZ) Ethiopia. 8962304 2018-10-24T15:39:12+02:00 2018-11-01T16:02:04+01:00 2018-11-01T16:02:04+01:00 6 1.1funder exact F407funderexactF407