1.1 4 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Christiane Bossé author 4001680 Dr. Diana Amnéus supervisor Department of Law v1000142 department This thesis is an interdisciplinary study on the role of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) in the implementation of the primary responsibility of States to prevent mass atrocities (MA) under pillar one of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). It focuses on current international law (IL) to delimit the scope of the prevention obligations of States and assesses the relevant preventive measures to States’ primary obligations under R2P. It then analyzes the role that NHRIs can play in their practical implementation. This thesis assesses the means and tools of the Colombian NHRI, the Defensoría del Pueblo (DP), in the prevention of MAs. In light of these findings, this dissertation outlines the prospects and challenges facing NHRIs in relation to the prevention of MAs. <br /> <br /> De lege lata that current IL only requires States to prevent genocide and war crimes. The author argues de lege ferenda that to the extent that crimes against humanity rise to the level of jus cogens and thus carry erga omnes obligations, States could have a positive obligation to act to prevent their commission. As to the preventive tools, structural and direct preventive measures are relevant to the implementation of State’s primary responsibility to prevent MAs. Even if NHRIs do not directly implement the obligations of States, they play an important practical role in monitoring the government’s implementation of IL, including its MA prevention obligations. NHRIs can support the operalization of preventive measures through their functions to promote a legal framework, to contribute to the implementation of the legal framework and through their control mechanisms. In the case of Colombia, the DP uses its mandate to promote and protect human rights to prevent the structural preconditions of MAs. The DP also prevents MAs more directly by flagging imminent risks and making recommendations to the authorities capable of taking the required action. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4001682/file/4002253.pdf application/pdf 3907281 no 2012 eng Responsibility to Protect National Human Rights Institutions Colombia Defensoría del Pueblo international law international humanitarian law international criminal law international human rights law genocide mass atrocities war crimes crimes against humanity prevention early-warning interdisciplinary. Law and Political Science 4001682 2013-08-26T14:28:05+02:00 2013-09-11T13:47:24+02:00 2013-09-11T13:47:24+02:00 1 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Irma Hodzic author 3512564 Iryna Marchuk supervisor Department of Law v1000142 department Sexual crimes against women have always been a part of war and have occurred in virtually every armed conflict throughout human history. For a very long time, and still today in some cultures, women were not seen as equal to men. Thus, gender based crimes against women were almost invisible to international criminal law. While these crimes were largely ignored after World War I and II, things have recently started changing for the better. This change started in the 1990’s with the establishment of the ICTY and ICTR, as the first international criminal tribunals which had a mission to also punish crimes against women. These tribunals were the first ones that explicitly included rape as a crime against humanity in their statutes and their jurisprudence is of crucial importance for the prosecution of gender based crimes against women. The ICTR in Akayesu provided the first definition of rape in international criminal law and set the precedent that rape could constitute genocide. The ICTY in Kunarac expanded the definition of rape and also became the first international criminal tribunal to convict a perpetrator for enslavement for sexual reasons (sexual slavery). The ICC further continued the work of the ad hoc tribunals and expanded the list of gender based crimes against women by including in its statute several crimes that had never before been explicitly criminalized. Similarly, the SCSL became the first international criminal tribunal to explicitly recognize forced marriage as a crime against humanity. This thesis aims to widen the knowledge of this issue and provide an overview and analysis of the treatment of gender based crimes against women in international criminal law. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/3512566/file/3512567.pdf application/pdf 1053038 no 2012 eng gender based crimes sexual violence international criminal law ICTY ICTR ICC SCSL rape sexual slavery enforced prostitution forced pregnancy enforced sterilization any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity forced marriage crimes against humanity war crimes genocide Akayesu Kunarac Furundzija RUF AFRC Law and Political Science 3512566 2013-02-18T22:23:12+01:00 2013-03-13T12:51:40+01:00 2013-03-13T12:51:40+01:00 2 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH2 Marinet Sim author 8956028 Letizia Lo Giacco supervisor Department of Law v1000142 department Faculty of Law v1000137 department In adjudicating sexual violence offenses perpetrated against child soldiers in Ntaganda case, the Appeals Chamber holds that having regard to the established framework of international law, members of an armed force or group are not categorically excluded from the protection against war crimes of rape and sexual slavery under article 8 (2) (b) (xxii) and (2) (e) (vi) of the Statute when committed by members of the same armed force or group. This research explores the drawbacks of the finding and considers its legal consequences. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8956032/file/8956035.pdf application/pdf 653748 no 2018 eng War crimes Intra-Party conducts Rape and sexual slavery Bosco Ntaganda case ICC Child soldiers Law and Political Science 8956032 2018-08-14T14:52:13+02:00 2018-08-21T14:10:36+02:00 2018-08-21T14:10:36+02:00 3 info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.3xml studentPublicationsH3 Isabelle Meakin author 9070286 Christine Evans supervisor Department of Law v1000142 department Faculty of Law v1000137 department http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9158943/file/9158957.pdf application/pdf 1384339 no 2024 eng International Human Rights Law War Crimes War Crimes proceedings: Universal jurisdiction Sweden Law and Political Science 9158943 2024-06-05T14:18:33+02:00 2024-06-25T10:59:41+02:00 2024-06-25T10:59:41+02:00 4 1.1keywords exact "war crimes"keywordsexactwar crimes