2026-04-08T20:01:52Z https://lup.lub.lu.se/oai

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:33e34664-882d-4eb7-a3f7-423791995364 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:B, Maskinteknikhuset, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Ali Al Sam author 0b5585a5-0a9c-4d4b-a928-40b17cb63a4e Johan Revstedt supervisor 89bf628d-fbb9-4cb6-b4f9-7b2e1ec4c149 Robert-Zoltán Szász supervisor 104da605-f1e6-45a8-9c3e-dab85b7ee7ce Associate Professor Steafan Ivanell opponent Uppsala University Fluid Mechanics v1000210 department This thesis is devoted to the investigation of the impacts of fast moving ocean surface waves on the aerodynamics of offshore wind turbines. The impacts of non-locally generated waves (swell) on the Marine Atmospheric Boundary<br/>Layer (MABL) and thereby on offshore wind turbine aerodynamics are studied numerically by using Large Eddy Simulations and the Actuator Line Method.<br/><br/>The MABL is often interacting with ocean surface waves causing mass, heat and momentum exchange between the air and the underlying waves’ surface. Due to this coupling between the MABL and the surface waves, the MABL differs from boundary layer over land. The effects of ocean waves on the MABL are believed to be small and usually taken into account as a roughness height when offshore wind farms are designed. This roughness height is commonly<br/>treated either as a constant or as a function of the friction velocity without regard to its dependency on the sea state (i.e. the waves’ height, slope and velocity). However, recent field observations and numerical simulations have shown that the impact of the waves, in particularly swell, on the MABL might be stronger than previously assumed. Wave statistics show that the earth’s oceans are strongly dominated by swell waves almost all the time. Hence, a<br/>better understanding of swell effects on the MABL would provide a valuable information that can lead to improve: the offshore wind turbine design, the layout of offshore wind farms and the accuracy of wind farm power extraction<br/>rate estimations.<br/>The results presented in this thesis show that the swell impacts on the MABL are significant. By comparing the MABL over moving waves to that over flat surface (calm sea), the effects of swell are isolated from the effects of atmospheric turbulence. The wave-induced stress reduces the total wind stress resulting in higher wind velocity, less wind shear and lower turbulence intensity level. These effects increase by increasing the wave age and/or wave steepness. These modifications in the MABL in the presence of fast moving swells propagating in the direction of the local wind invalidate the use of the Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory widely used in wind energy applications and indicate that the extrapolation of a wind speed measured at a certain height to another height assuming a logarithmic wind speed profile is questionable in the presence of swell. Moreover, the results show that fast moving waves have pronounced effects on wind turbine aerodynamics. Longer wind turbine wake regions and weaker velocity deficits downstream a stand-alone wind turbine with higher power extraction rates are obtained in the presence of swell. More remarkably, higher overall power extraction rates are obtained from a 2 by 2 wind farm in the presence of swell for the same hub-height wind velocity. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/33e34664-882d-4eb7-a3f7-423791995364 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13745186/Ali_Al_Sam_KAPPAN.pdf application/pdf 807115 no Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University 2016-11 eng wind-wave swell atmospheric boundary layer marine atmospheric boundary layer atmospheric turbulence Large-eddy simulation actuator line wind sea offshore technology wind energy wind turbine aerodynamic Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-020-6 978-91-7753-021-3 2016-11-04T10:15:00+01:00 33e34664-882d-4eb7-a3f7-423791995364 2016-10-10T10:52:01+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-10T10:52:01+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b2d957d9-6339-457a-aa09-3300ad6926f8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 TOBIAS TIRED author d10d0c99-199f-4a6c-a722-f4b9dffb7949 Henrik Sjöland supervisor b222716d-491a-430e-8e5c-3e23f1ea8a2a Johan Wernehag supervisor 2272297b-52ec-4744-8ef2-d79842719a19 Markus Törmänen supervisor e8287234-724a-4edd-88fc-42635666ce66 Associate professor Andrea Bevilacqua opponent University of Padova, Italy Department of Electrical and Information Technology v1000242 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Abstract:<br/>This doctoral thesis is addresses two topics in integrated circuit design: multiband direct conversion cellular receivers for cellular frequencies and beam steering transmitters for millimeter wave communication for the cellular backhaul. The trend towards cellular terminals supporting ever more different frequency bands has resulted in complex radio frontends with a large number of RF inputs. Common receivers have, for performance reasons, in the past used differential RF inputs. However, as shown in the thesis, with novel design techniques it is possible to achieve adequate performance with a single ended frontend architecture, thereby reducing the complexity and pin-count. Millimeter wave integrated circuits development has previously not been subject to the mass production requirements that have been put on chip sets for cellular terminals, i.e. a minimum number of circuits, low supply voltage and power consumption, together with programmability to handle process spread and performance fine tuning. However, in the near future, when 5G networks will be deployed and the number of small pico- and femtocell base stations will explode, there will be a strong demand for low cost and high performance single-chip millimeter wave beam steering transceivers. The millimeter wave circuits presented in this work have been designed in a SiGe bipolar technology. Traditionally, SiGe designs use a higher supply voltage compared to CMOS. In this work, however, it has been shown that millimeter wave transceivers can be designed using a low supply voltage, thereby reducing the power consumption and eliminating the need for dedicated voltage regulators.<br/>Paper I presents a 28 GHz QVCO with an I/Q phase error tuning and detection. In paper II a 28 GHz beam steering PLL is presented together with measurement results for the design in paper I. Measurement results for the beam steering PLL are shown in paper III. Simulation results for a two-stage 81-86 GHz power amplifier are provided in paper IV. Paper V shows measurement results for two E-band power amplifiers. In paper VI, simulation results are presented for a complete E-band transmitter including a three-stage power amplifier. A reconfigurable single-ended CMOS LNA for different cellular frequency bands is presented in paper VII. A single-ended multiband RF-amplifier and mixer with DC-offset and second order distortion suppression in BiCMOS technology is presented in paper VIII.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b2d957d9-6339-457a-aa09-3300ad6926f8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13744960/Binder_provtryck6.pdf application/pdf 22893341 no First Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University 2016-10-10 eng receiver, LNA, mixer, bipolar,BiCMOS,SiGe, mm-wave, E-band, transmitter, PLL,PA, beam steering Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-002-2 978-91-7753-003-9 277 2016-11-09T10:15:00+01:00 b2d957d9-6339-457a-aa09-3300ad6926f8 2016-10-10T12:54:24+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-10T12:54:24+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c2dcfddd-bcf3-4cab-bb61-ce55349fa004 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Björn Thor Arnarson author 17296c0c-6821-4e03-9a4c-d38fc3e5cea0 Joakim Gullstrand supervisor bae5bcc6-ba08-4e43-9fe0-6770c729b8b4 Fredrik Sjöholm supervisor 6a2fd7b8-fb17-4e99-a7cb-ad6ca9663970 Associate Professor Andreas Moxnes opponent University of Oslo Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis, Exports and Externalities consists of three papers. The first chapter, Bridging Trade Barriers: Evaluating Models of Multi-Product Exporters, evaluates empirically the theoretical predictions of several models of multi-product exporters. For identification I use a quasi-natural experiment, the introduction of the Öresund bridge between southern Sweden and Denmark, to analyse the impact on firm behaviour. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, firms in the ’treated’ municipality, Malmö, are compared to firms in more geographically distant Gothenburg and Stockholm (’controls’). I find that the results are in line with the predictions in three of four cases. Notably, the only margin that has an ambiguous theoretical prediction, average trade value per product, accounts for 70-80% of the increase in trade value.<br/><br/>In the second chapter, The Superstar and the Followers: Intra-Firm Product Complementarity in International Trade, I investigate if exports of different products by the same firm are systematically interconnected. I find evidence that the exports of low-ranked (non-star) products of a firm complement the exports of a superstar(core) products to each destination. The results show that a 1% increase in the exports of the superstar core increases the exports<br/>of non-star products by 0.376%. Hence, I find that the exports of non-star products complements the superstar while conversely, the same complementarity is not found using low-ranked products as placebo-superstars.<br/><br/>The third chapter, Linking Services to Manufacturing Exports, investigates how services are linked to exporters. We create a Localised Export Exposure (LEE) variable that captures the variation in demand for service inputs based on nearby exporters. Since service firms are much less geographically specialised than manufacturing firms, we observe a high variation in their exposure to demand changes. Our results show that a 1% increase in exports increases the<br/>volume of sales of service firms by 0.2% (and employment within the firm by 0.06%). The results show also that the link is highly local and the strongest impact is within 20 km of the shock. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c2dcfddd-bcf3-4cab-bb61-ce55349fa004 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15505411/Bjorn_Thor_Arnarson_thesis.pdf application/pdf 3592763 no 2016 eng International Trade (incl. trade agreements & tariffs) Multi-Product Firms spillovers Services product complementarity Economics 978-91-7753-022-0 978-91-7753-023-7 143 2016-11-11T10:00:00+01:00 c2dcfddd-bcf3-4cab-bb61-ce55349fa004 2016-10-10T14:09:23+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-10T14:09:23+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b89e374a-4544-409b-8822-452d71fe49ac 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Mehmet Ali Arslan author 3c9adfe8-2946-456c-bef0-586e7db952ad Krzysztof Kuchcinski supervisor c0b0ced6-0645-41f7-9565-654dae2dfb41 Flavius Gruian supervisor 93d646c8-4278-4cf6-80b4-b47169a1f2b5 Professor Christian Schulte opponent KTH, Stockholm Department of Computer Science v1000234 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Parallel Systems v1001417 department The computation power we expect from the various smart devices we use keeps increasing. Not only do we want faster devices but also less power hungry and energy efficient devices, both for the environment and our personal convenience (remember that "mobile phone" attached to a power plug at all times?).<br/>One way of addressing this demand is to build custom processor architectures that focus on a specific application domain and meet specific demands such as limited power budget, bandwidth requirements, and chip area. As a wise woman once said, "there is no such thing as a free lunch" and in contrast to general purpose processor architectures, these architectures tend to end up notoriously hard to program. This is because of the customization of the hardware to a level that it becomes hard and inefficient to use tools and languages available for general purpose processors. So much so, that they quite often become solely programmable in the machine language specific to the architecture. This means many expert-hours spent in manual translation of relatively simple programs into machine code, rendering the architecture hardly usable by anyone else than the architect.<br/>This thesis is the result of our effort to increase the programmability of such custom architectures through automatic code generation, without losing performance compared to code written manually by the architect.<br/>Automatic code generation for general purpose architectures is a well studied research area and there exist many straightforward techniques. However, modeling code generation for custom architectures is complicated by the restrictions and constraints of the architectures, and performance requirements that need to be met for the targeted applications.<br/>Constraint programming is a programming paradigm that fits problems defined naturally by constraints and relations between entities. Here, a problem is formulated as a series of constraints over placeholder variables (much like the empty squares in sudoku) and solved by a constraint solving engine. The solving engine eliminates the infeasible values for each placeholder variable step-by-step, until a solution with each variable assigned to a value is found. As the capabilities and restrictions on the architectures, and the requirements on the applications we target can easily be translated into constraints, we choose constraint programming as our tool for modeling code generation for custom architectures. Throughout the thesis we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by comparing to theoretical or practical bounds and code written manually by the architect. The frameworks we present make the architectures easier to program by letting the programmer write in a higher level language than the specific architecture's machine language. Our experiments show that the machine code generated by our frameworks are competitive with the state of the art. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b89e374a-4544-409b-8822-452d71fe49ac https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13746054/Mehmet_Ali_Arslan_PhD_thesis_printVersion.pdf application/pdf 2217701 no Department of Computer Science, Lund University 2016 eng Embedded Systems Computer Sciences 978-91-7753-024-4 2016-11-03T13:15:00+01:00 b89e374a-4544-409b-8822-452d71fe49ac 2016-10-10T14:36:35+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-10T14:36:35+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8bd6f202-af94-4e73-9677-ebd945ec8174 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:E, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Sara Thylander author 65147115-065f-4d3a-8c09-a8071921c39f Andreas Menzel supervisor ce98ae81-c2de-4c09-97cc-19ad896eab2c Matti Ristinmaa supervisor b0191764-5f7a-4e94-81e2-332ac77fc9f4 Professor Bai-Xiang Xu opponent Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Solid Mechanics v1000231 department Elektroaktiva polymerers (EAPs) främsta egenskap är deras förmåga att kunna omvandla elektrisk energi till mekanisk energi (och vice versa). Den typ av EAPs som behandlas inom ramen för detta arbete kallas för dielektriska elastomerer och är en undergrupp av elektroniska elektroaktiva polymerer. De karakteriseras av en väldigt låg elastisk styvhet, kapabel till stora elastiska deformationer, och av en hög energidensitet. En dielektrisk elastomer placerad mellan två elektroder som kopplas till en strömkälla kommer komprimeras på grund av den elektriska fältstyrka som byggs upp mellan elektroderna, då materialet inte leder ström. Eftersom materialet dessutom anses vara inkompressibelt kommer ytan vinkelrätt mot det elektrisk fältet att öka. Dielektriska elastomerer aktiverade på detta sätt kan ersätta mer tradionella material inom flera högteknologiska områden såsom justerbara linser, mikropumpar, högtalare och som generatorer i system som utvinner förnyelsebar energi. Dess likheter med muskler, som också reagerar på elektriska signaler med deformation och är väldigt elastiska, har gett dem smeknamnet artificiella muskler. <br/><br/><br/>Denna avhandling berör till största delen matematiska modeller av dielektriska elastomerer och tillhörande simuleringar av olika randvärdesproblem. Även experiment på dielektriska elastomerer under inverkan av elektromekaniskt kopplade laster har utförts. Inom ramen för modellering har arbetet koncentrerats kring den så kallade mikrosfär-metoden. Utnyttjande av mikrosfär-metoden möjliggör användandet av en-dimensionella fria energier, baserade på till exempel statistisk mekanik. Via en medelvärdesbildning över ytan på mikrosfären är det möjligt att transformera de en-dimensionella storheterna till tre-dimensionella motsvarigheter som representerar responsen av kontinuumet. Metoden, som tidigare använts med framgång på gummi-liknande material under mekanisk last, har i denna avhandling utökats för att inkorporera elektromekaniska kopplingar. Metoden visades ge tillförlitliga resultat även för dielektriska elastomerer utsatta för ett elektriskt fält. För att anpassa modellen till specifika val av dielektriska elastomerer har experiment, både gjorda inom ramen för detta arbete och rapporterade i litteraturen, använts för att kalibrera och förfina modellen ytterligare. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8bd6f202-af94-4e73-9677-ebd945ec8174 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13787056/doctoral_thesis_ST.pdf application/pdf 19177439 no Department of Construction Sciences, Lund University 2016-10 eng Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-006-0 978-91-7753-007-7 119 2016-11-04T10:00:00+01:00 8bd6f202-af94-4e73-9677-ebd945ec8174 2016-10-11T10:49:52+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-11T10:49:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5d70a5a5-5c6b-4413-b419-bc3ba91d3c83 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Lecture Hall in the Radiotherapy Building, Skåne Oncology Clinic, Lund. 1 Carina Forsare author 1b698450-a67d-4558-82d6-4b20551e6ac0 Mårten Fernö supervisor 12c8ff4d-d4c4-4e29-bba7-42f0e5b17c20 Pär-Ola Bendahl supervisor 0bdb432c-2b66-4658-8928-2190a19173c3 Per Malmström supervisor 963d7dbb-2152-4d38-8f2e-5bbc7e2344d2 Ingrid Hedenfalk supervisor e6ebf3c4-1488-48da-8dfd-c7d19e48ffe2 professor Björn Naume opponent Department of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Breastcancer-genetics v1000472 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5d70a5a5-5c6b-4413-b419-bc3ba91d3c83 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15676247/Carina_Forsare_kappan.pdf application/pdf 2400733 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15676250/Carina_Forsare_SPIKBLAD.pdf application/pdf 671467 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng 978-91-7619-348-8 98 2016-11-11T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:122 5d70a5a5-5c6b-4413-b419-bc3ba91d3c83 2016-10-11T11:50:48+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-11T11:50:48+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c434056d-37cb-40ac-b711-be09779322ea 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall C, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 ANDREAS KIRSCHT author 2e34e1dd-7385-4e3d-916f-9c376210f641 Urban Johanson supervisor 960e96cc-4320-415c-8050-4b6aeb53e9b5 Per Kjellbom supervisor b5702680-a3ae-4a4b-9687-d4dd253eef9a Prof. Dr. Eric Beitz opponent University of Kiel, Germany Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department Major intrinsic proteins, also referred to as aquaporins (AQPs) are localized in membranes of all domains of life to increase the permeability to water or other small, polar molecules. Several monophyletic groups can be discerned in this large and divergent protein superfamily. Members within these subfamilies commonly show a similar substrate selectivity established by conserved filters. Comparison of structurally known selectivity filters have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying substrate profiles. However, the physiological function of these diverse and abundant proteins can only be fully appreciated in combination with an understanding of their regulatory properties. <br/>This work provides the first molecular view on a tonoplastic protein, AtTIP2;1, which is situated in the membrane of the plant vacuole and permeable to water, ammonia, but not glycerol. The novel selectivity filter with a fifth residue in direct contact to substrates is compared to structures of other subfamilies to explain the present selectivity. The mechanism of permeation is investigated with mutations, stopped-flow and by growth assays. The animal AQP8s, which have similar substrate profiles, are modeled on the plant protein and their expected functions are discussed in the light of their structures. Furthermore, protein interactions and interactions with small molecules are analyzed to develop a better understanding of potential regulatory features.<br/> Denna avhandling behandlar två essentiella ting, vatten som är grundläggande för allt liv på jorden och kväve, vilket är ett grundämne som återfinns i varje protein och DNA. Liksom allt annat, måste dessa ämnen hålla en lagom nivå i cellen. För att klara variationer i tillgänglighet av dessa ämnen, har alla livsformer hittat sätt att påverka upptag och frisättning av dem. För att realisera detta på ett specifikt sätt, bildar vissa proteiner kanaler i cellmembranen. Mutationer i dessa kanaler är kända för att orsaka defekter i människor och andra djur, medan växter har modifieras genetiskt med dessa kanaler för att växa bättre. Forskning på denna typ av proteiner har potential att identifiera läkemedel mot sjukdomar relaterade till dessa kanaler, samt att spara gödningsmedel inom jordbruket. Biotekniska framsteg har redan gjorts för att med hjälp av dessa kanaler skapa biomimetiska membraner kapabla att producera ultrarent vatten. Ett annat mål är att skapa saltvattenfilter som fungerar mycket mer energieffektivt än konventionella filter.<br/> Vi har producerat de proteiner vi forskar på i jäst, varefter de har renats upp och analyserats. Funktionella studier utfördes i artificiella biomembraner. Vi lyckades få ett protein att bilda kristaller vilka sattes i en röntgenstråle för att avslöja en atomärbild av proteinstrukturen. Detta resulterade i en högupplöst struktur, vilken är den första i världen för denna typ av kanal - genomsläpplig för vatten och ammoniak - och utgör en viktig pusselbit i förståelsen av kväveanvändningen i växter. Strukturen utgör också basen för de modeller vi har byggt av relaterade proteiner från djur (inklusive människa). Dessa former deltar i produktion av urea och är t.ex. relevanta för en sjukdom som kallas hepatisk encefalopati. Dessutom har strukturella och funktionella egenskaper hos två närbesläktade proteiner vilka är specifika för vatten studerats för att förstå vilka regleringsmöjligheter det finns i växter.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c434056d-37cb-40ac-b711-be09779322ea https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13791352/Andreas_Kirscht_thesis_for_public.pdf application/pdf 12349054 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology 2016-10 eng Aquaporin membrane proteins crystallography stopped-flow molecular dynamics structure modeling Biological Sciences Structural Biology 978-91-7422-480-1 978-91-7422-481-8 197 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13791347/S1_20Movie.mp4 video/mp4 2016-11-03T09:15:00+01:00 c434056d-37cb-40ac-b711-be09779322ea 2016-10-11T20:41:41+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-11T20:41:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:83d5d05d-4daa-44a7-bfb7-0cb497ae7455 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Josef Dankiewicz author 7871cd40-fdbe-41f8-8fb6-eb745931b58a Hans Friberg supervisor 08bcc1b6-29f9-4721-8d52-c345967dbcd4 Adam Linder supervisor 91e9f55f-1657-48d5-ba95-f0334de0ec9b Niklas Nielsen supervisor fd5a0e7f-c3d0-4c16-9cb9-7f5e954f09c6 MD PhD Christian Storm opponent Charité Hospital, Berlin, Germany Anesthesiology and Intensive Care v1000431 department Center for cardiac arrest v1001012 department Center for cardiac arrest research group Abstract<br/>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a devastating manifestation of coronary artery disease. For patients who are initially resuscitated and are admitted to an intensive care unit, mortality is high. Roughly half of all patients die, primarily due to neurological injury. In recent years, some improvement in outcomes has been seen, perhaps in some part due to interventions performed in hospital.<br/>This thesis consists of four papers that examine different aspects of post-cardiac arrest care. <br/>Paper I – A retrospective study of 84 patients with both in-hospital and out-of hospital cardiac arrest examines the potential utility of Heparin-binding protein as a prognostic biomarker. HBP, an early marker of circulatory failure in sepsis was generally elevated after cardiac arrest, primarily very early after ROSC. Levels of HBP were associated with critical illness as assessed by the SOFA-score. HBP had a modest ability to predict neurological outcome. <br/>Paper II – A post-hoc analysis of the TTM-trial studied the use of early coronary angiography for patients without ST-elevation on their initial ECG. Out of 939 patients included in the TTM-trial, 544 did not have initial ST-elevation. Among these patients 46% received a coronary angiography within 6 hours of arrest, obstructive coronary artery disease was common, as evidenced by 101 patients who received a percutaneous coronary intervention. In an adjusted analysis neither survival nor a good neurological outcome were associated with the use of an early coronary angiography. Results were similar in a propensity score analysis. <br/> Paper III – Based on the hypothesis that targeted temperature management is primarily efficacious for patients with severe brain damage, paper III examined the relationship between the effect of targeted temperature management at 33°C and 36°C in relation to no flow-time. There was no significant interaction between no flow-time and temperature. Using adjusted predictions there was no evidence that a target temperature of 33°C was more effective for patients with long no-flow times. <br/>Paper IV – There is conflicting evidence regarding if target temperature management to 33°C is associated with an increased risk of infections. Whether infections after cardiac arrest are associated with mortality in also debated. In paper IV, a post-hoc analysis of the TTM-trial, the incidence of infections was not significantly higher among patients treated at 33°C as compared to 36°C. However, there was a trend towards more infections in the 33°C group. In a multivariate analysis, infections https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/83d5d05d-4daa-44a7-bfb7-0cb497ae7455 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13830799/kappa.pdf application/pdf 2672616 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Cardiac arrest Infection Prognostication Coronary Angiography Hypothermia Anesthesiology and Intensive Care 978-91-7619-342-6 75 2016-10-28T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:116 83d5d05d-4daa-44a7-bfb7-0cb497ae7455 2016-10-12T11:48:25+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-12T11:48:25+02:00

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theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 OWAIN THOMAS author 716670cb-f9b3-4a31-adb6-04c7b01fa213 Ulf Schött supervisor 8e4c44cf-6b6e-406f-91ed-abe695558edd Per Flisberg supervisor a204c747-5ba5-493d-9ec3-f6f8ce7b8281 Attila Frigyesi supervisor f490eafe-d19a-4274-bbd8-fd5076542237 professor emeritus Harald Breivik opponent Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Anesthesiology and Intensive Care v1000431 department Clinical Research in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine v1001016 department Clinical Research in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine research group Koagulation vid kirurgi och kritisk sjukdom project Haemostatic Safety in Epidural Analgesia project https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/87fb3c9d-6eb4-4d28-ba08-0ff3fc02b1d5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15557976/Haemostatic_safety_in_epidural_analgesia_minus_manus.pdf application/pdf 8055000 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng epidural anaesthesia, routine coagulation testing, spinal haematoma, viscoelastic tests, coagulation factors Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Physiology and Anatomy Clinical Laboratory Medicine Surgery 978-91-7619-343-3 72 2016-11-03T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:117 87fb3c9d-6eb4-4d28-ba08-0ff3fc02b1d5 2016-10-14T13:02:53+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-14T13:02:53+02:00

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theses published E:1406, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Ola Jakobsson author 33c6d66c-2cc0-4864-afc6-1be00c3d8bb0 Thomas Laurell supervisor 6358a44f-2b31-414d-8982-755aa949feff Mikael Evander supervisor 4ec85021-1345-4920-bf89-882c8e760880 Christian Antfolk supervisor b8da39ee-4f0d-46c8-80da-0879b1f27e62 Dr Peter Glynne-Jones opponent University of Southampton, United Kingdom Division for Biomedical Engineering v1000202 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/40c4293d-5ce8-4f75-a647-e7f0ef2c0631 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15677190/Ola_Jakobsson_PhD_thesis_WO_Papers.pdf application/pdf 11126258 no Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund university 2016-10-17 eng Acoustofluidics Acoustophoresis Microfluidics lab on a chip Ultrasound Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-971-1 978-91-7623-972-8 123 2016-11-10T09:00:00+01:00 40c4293d-5ce8-4f75-a647-e7f0ef2c0631 2016-10-17T10:09:42+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-17T10:09:42+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:162d0f89-1edf-40dd-b9da-db489a834dcb 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published BMC I-huset, 1345, Sölvegatan 19, Lund. 1 Nader Alaridah author b2d0b76d-e675-40f7-b0d1-786bd4e70b16 Gabriela Godaly supervisor 691d5b27-b868-4745-8b51-d8fbe922947d Patrik Medstrand supervisor e32412ac-af8e-43a7-998a-a4455790706e professor Olle Stendahl opponent Linköping University Medical Microbiology, Malmö v1000579 department Medical Microbiology, Malmö research group Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is principally a pulmonary pathogen infecting one-third of the world's population and causing two million deaths annually. The only approved tuberculosis vaccine today is the Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG). BCG vaccine is used as a benchmark to compare the immunogenicity of new vaccines, but not much is known about its mechanisms to induce protection. We investigated the initial events of mycobacterial activation of airway epithelial cells (AECs) through the signalling pathways of toll like receptors (TLRs) and the G- protein coupled receptors (GPCR; CXCR1, CXCR2). Our data indicate that mycobacteria attenuate epithelial pro-inflammatory production by supressing NF-B activation, thereby supporting the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-22 and IL-10. BCG infection of AECs also resulted in epithelial actin redistribution that involved the MAPK signalling pathway. This study demonstrated that BCG infection of AECs manipulated the GPCRs to suppress epithelial signalling pathways. Future vaccine strategies could thus be improved by targeting GPCRs.<br/><br/>In a second part of the thesis, we investigated the expression and function of GPCRs in a simple whole blood model from patients with pulmonary TB and in subjects with latent TB infection (LTBI). We found variations in GPCRs as pulmonary TB patients had significantly increased CXCR1 expression on blood cells compared to LTBI subjects and controls. These variations in receptor expression were linked to disease progression and affected the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). As an airborne infection, tuberculosis (TB) has no boundaries and easily spreads by migration from one region to another. In this study, 93 patient Mtb-isolates, previously genotypically analysed by standard techniques, were re-analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Compared to the standard genotyping, WGS had an overall high match in identifying cluster transmissions in this patient population. When comparing the different techniques individually, WGS and epidemiological data had the highest cluster similarity, while MIRU-VNTR had less cluster resolution. We can conclude that WGS is well suited for identifying transmission clusters in settings with low TB incidence.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/162d0f89-1edf-40dd-b9da-db489a834dcb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22383694/Nader_Alarida_full_version.pdf application/pdf 11482845 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) Infectious Medicine Microbiology in the Medical Area 978-91-7619-432-4 74 2017-03-30T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:52 162d0f89-1edf-40dd-b9da-db489a834dcb 2017-03-09T13:02:26+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-03-09T13:02:26+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0dbdd09b-d26a-43c1-90de-6d2e246f9bf8 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kvinnoklinikens aula, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Beata Lindholm author c5dc9c8c-6c4b-47c5-8282-a2ff96334a6b Peter Hagell supervisor 5ce29f27-9842-48d4-9a34-82bd7a0c7cdc Maria H Nilsson supervisor cb825041-c576-4930-b610-f2869b93c958 Oskar Hansson supervisor 1594388d-fc7a-45f6-84f6-9b563509ade2 docent Dag Nyholm opponent Uppsala Universitet Clinical Memory Research v1000525 department Clinical Memory Research research group ABSTRACT<br/>AIM: The overall aim of this longitudinal PhD project was to gain increased knowledge about factors associated with fear of falling (FOF) falls and near falls, as well as to contribute to improved clinical fall prediction for people<br/>with mild Parkinson’s disease (PD).<br/>METHODS: People diagnosed with PD and receiving care at the university hospital outpatient neurology clinic were assessed during the “on” phase using a broad range of rating scales and clinical tests targeting balance and gait problems as well as motor and non-motor symptoms. The participants then registered all prospective falls and near falls for six months by using a diary.<br/>RESULTS: Paper I identified everyday walking difficulties as the strongest factor independently associated with FOF, followed by independence in daily activities, functional balance, and fatigue. Paper II identified FOF to be the strongest factor independently associated with prospective falls and/or near falls, followed by history of near falls, and retropulsion during an unexpected shoulder pull. Paper III showed that the discriminate ability of a recently suggested clinical 3-Step Falls Prediction Model (3-step model) is acceptable and better than that of single predictors. Extended analyses showed that a new model for prediction of falls and/or near falls (including history of near falls, tandem gait and retropulsion) had better discriminant ability than the 3-step model. Paper IV found that different standardizations of the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) for measuring gait speed yielded very similar results, including cut-off scores for future falls, suggesting that the clinical conduct of 10MWT can be simplified.<br/>CONCLUSIONS: Everyday walking difficulties should be a primary target when attempting to reduce FOF in mild PD, and balance training should focus on self-generated perturbations caused by everyday activities rather<br/>than external perturbations. Moreover, FOF and asking about prior near falls seem to be important issues for prediction of falls and near falls early in the disease course. The 3-step model can be recommended as a clinical<br/>prediction tool but a new model may be considered a promising alternative. Clinical gait speed measurement by the 10MWT can be simplified by not using acceleration distance or repeated trials in mild PD.<br/> <br/> <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0dbdd09b-d26a-43c1-90de-6d2e246f9bf8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22388692/Fear_of_falling_falls_and_near_falls_Beata_Lindholm.pdf application/pdf 3979305 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Parkinson’s disease, Fear of falling, Self-Efficacy, Falls, Near falls, Walking, Balance, Prediction, Validation studies, Rehabilitation, Prevention Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-420-1 84 2017-03-31T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:39 0dbdd09b-d26a-43c1-90de-6d2e246f9bf8 2017-03-09T19:35:38+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-03-09T19:35:38+01:00

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theses published Lecture Hall of the Radiotherapy Building, 3rd floor, Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund. 1 Karolina Granfelt Boman author dc71adef-231a-4221-a7b0-ba293e7c6f64 Karin Jirström supervisor 505ee0e8-4789-46f8-995a-741de2e16b94 Göran Ahlgren supervisor 88ba7708-97ab-4146-ace1-d0b115f6f3ea docent Tuomas Mirtti opponent Helsingfors Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Abstract: Bladder cancer is a heterogenous disease, ranging from minimally invasive, low-grade tumours with low<br/>recurrence rates and mortality on one end of the spectrum, and muscle invasive, high-grade disease prone to<br/>recurrence, progression and death at the other end.<br/>The aim of this thesis was to investigate the expression, clinicopathological correlates and prognostic significance<br/>of the candidate biomarkers podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL, papers II and III) and RNA-binding motif protein 3<br/>(RBM3, papers I, III and IV) in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). In paper IV, the potential predictive significance of<br/>RBM3 was also examined. The candidate biomarkers were examined alongside established clinical risk factors.<br/>RBM3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays (TMA) from three different<br/>patient cohorts (n=343 in paper I, n=272 in paper III and n=151 in paper IV). In paper I, negative RBM3 expression<br/>was significantly associated with unfavourable tumour characteristics and was an independent predictor of shorter<br/>disease-specific survival (DSS) as well as 5-year overall survial (OS). Patients with Ta/T1 tumours displaying<br/>negative RBM3 expression had a significantly reduced 24 month progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year OS.<br/>No association was seen between RBM3 expression and recurrence. In paper 3, these associations were<br/>validated, although with a somewhat different cut-off. Low RBM3 expression was significantly associated with<br/>unfavourable tumour characteristics and was an independent predictor of a shorter OS in both the full cohort and<br/>in T1 disease.<br/>In paper IV, the expression of RBM3 was evaluated in tumours from 151 patients treated with cystectomy due to<br/>muscle-invasive UBC, 45.7% of which had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). RBM3 expression was not<br/>prognostic in the full cohort. However, when accounting for NAC, there was a significantly reduced RFS in in the<br/>group of patients with high RBM3 expression who had not been treated compared to those that had received NAC<br/>(p=0.044). The association between high RBM3 expression and response to chemotherapy was strengthened by<br/>the silencing of RBM3 in UBC cell lines, rendering them less sensitive to cisplatin and gemcitabine.<br/>PODXL expressed in the cell membrane was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in TMA from three different<br/>patient cohorts (n=100 and n=343 in paper II and n=272 in paper III). Membranous expression of PODXL was<br/>strongly and significantly associated with unfavourable tumour characteristics in all three cohorts. In paper II,<br/>PODXL independently predicted a shorter DSS and OS in the full cohort, and a shorter PFS and DSS in patients<br/>with Ta/T1 tumours. In paper III, membranous PODXL expression was significantly associated with a shorter OS<br/>in both the full cohort and T1 tumours, but not independent of other prognostic factors.<br/>The conclusions drawn from these studies are that both RBM3 and PODXL are potentially clinically useful<br/>biomarkers in UBC. RBM3 may have clinical implications in NMIBC for decision making in the pre-cystectomy<br/>setting and for its predictive value in patients under consideration for NAC. PODXL is associated with an adverse<br/>prognosis, making it a potentially useful prognostic biomarker. Both candidate biomarkers show great promise,<br/>although their value should be further examined in a prospective setting. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/17fa0086-961d-426a-9cc4-9f3c5e2a01f9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22427492/Karolina_Boman_webbvers.pdf application/pdf 5236355 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng urothelial bladder cancer RBM3 PODXL Prognostic biomarker Predictive biomarker immunohistochemistry tissue microarray (TMA) Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-419-5 74 2017-03-31T09:15:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:38 17fa0086-961d-426a-9cc4-9f3c5e2a01f9 2017-03-10T13:07:30+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-03-10T13:07:30+01:00

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theses published Lecture hall B, Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Alexei Abrikossov author f8027830-7f45-41db-a126-b05b7ad65696 Mikael Lund supervisor 19146bd3-d347-4a94-93a8-1d1a11e3f988 Peter Schurtenberger supervisor 089990b1-905b-4788-86b2-93572290062b Associate Professor Sofia Kantorovich opponent Computational Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Austria eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Physical Chemistry v1000657 department There has been an increased interest to design “smart materials” which can self-assemble into complex structures in accordance to external factors such as for example electromagnetic fields. By designing particles with directional interactions one is able to control how particles will interact with each other. By means of both Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations we study the interactions of three distinct types of models namely the self-assembly of off-centered dipoles, the charged patchy particle model in multivalent electrolytes, and an all atom model of [3,3Õ-cobalt(III) bis(1.2-dicarbollide)] and its interaction with solvent. Besides this there is also a short discussion about the long-range anisotropic interactions and ways by which one can calculate them. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning<br/>Under den senaste tiden har det varit ganska populärt att studera smart materia som kan bilda nya strukturer beroende på externa förhållanden. Detta arbete är fokuserat på att studera hur man kan designa sådan ma- teria. Med hjälp av dator simuleringar har vi modellerat partiklar med riktade interaktioner och studerat deras beteenden i bulk.<br/>Förhoppningen är att om man kan få en modell som beskriver beteen- det av partiklarna, så kan man ta reda på information om partiklarna som inte går eller är besvärligt att ta reda på med hjälp av experiment. Till exempel så är det näst intill omöjligt att ändra en partikels dipolmo- ment under ett experiment, men det är hur lätt som helst i en simulering. En annan fördel av att använda sig av simuleringar är att man kan få en inblick över hur individuella partiklar beter sig vilket för många experi- mentella system helt omöjligt.<br/>Genom simuleringar kan vi prova olika parametrar, ändra partiklarnas form och ändra de externa förhållandena så vi systematisk kan stud- era vilka parametrar ansvarar för vad och till vilken nivå. Med hjälp av denna information kan experimentalister försöka få fram nya material som kanske kommer nytta mänskligheten i framtiden. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f7f8464f-9df6-41c1-9781-d9056427aad7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22428556/thesis.pdf application/pdf 2176294 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry 2017 eng SIMULATION Modelling electrostatic interactions Colloids Statistical mechanics SIMULATION Modelling electrostatic interactions colloid Statistical mechanics Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-510-5 978-91-7422-511-2 112 2017-04-07T13:00:00+02:00 f7f8464f-9df6-41c1-9781-d9056427aad7 2017-03-10T13:24:24+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-10T13:24:24+01:00

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theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH 1 Lovisa Senje author dc5be389-d505-4f18-9dd9-42f6906d5111 Claes-Göran Wahlström supervisor 0261f094-5481-4fc7-a595-b9130049784a Olle Lundh supervisor 2081a530-8729-4a14-b79b-c17acf509ded Dr Louise Willingale opponent Lancaster University, UK Atomic Physics v1000622 department The main focus of the work presented in this thesis is on experimental studies oflaser acceleration of protons and other positive ions from solid targets. The topic is explored from three different angles: firstly, the development of diagnostics adapted to the ion pulses, secondly, the characterization of the source of the energetic particles and, finally, the application of laser-accelerated protons for time-resolved radiolysis of glass and water.Detectors that can efficiently record ion pulse parameters, such as the energyspectrum and spatial profile, were developed and implemented. One of these instruments was a modified version of a Thomson parabola spectrometer. Apartfrom the typical ion energy spectra provided by such an instrument, this modifieddiagnostic tool can also provide spatial information on pulse properties and on thespectrum of laser light transmitted through the laser-plasma interaction. The other diagnostic system developed and employed made use of plastic scintillators as a position-sensitive detector, to record either proton pulse profiles, or in combination with a dipole magnet, to record proton energy spectra, in a multiple-use, real-time feedback set-up. Laser acceleration of ions is a highly non-linear process and therefore pulse-to-pulse fluctuations are commonly large. When developing the detectors emphasis was thus placed on either being able to extract information about as many proton pulse parameters as possible simultaneously, or on being able to record large amounts of data efficiently (&gt;100s of acquisitions over a few hours). Both these measures can be used to reduce the influence of pulse-to-pulse variations when analysing experimental results. However, they fulfil different needs, as the repetition rates of high-power lasers used for ion acceleration vary, from many laser pulses per second to one per hour or less. To be able to control and optimize the processes that occur when energyis transferred in a plasma, from a high-intensity laser pulse to a population ofenergetic protons, it is vital to understand as much as possible about the acceleration mechanisms. The so-called sheath field, a TV/m electric field, at the back of a solid target, in which the protons are accelerated to high energies is especially interesting. This sheath has been experimentally characterized in terms of its transverse expansion and the way in which this expansion influences the resulting proton pulse profile. It was shown that for an angle of incidence between the laser pulse and the target foil of 45 degrees, the transverse expansion of the sheath is asymmetric and its magnitude depends on the amount of energy contained in the laser pulse. Considerable correlation was found between the spatial properties of the laser pulse focus, the sheath and theresulting proton pulse. By splitting the laser pulse into two parts, and focusing them to two independent foci, separated by a few m, it was possible to manipulate the shape of the sheath and thereby also the transverse divergence of the proton pulse. Finally, experiments were performed on optically probed picosecond protonpulse radiolysis of various materials, such as glass and water. This was done bysplitting each laser pulse so that one part drove an acceleration process, whilethe other part could be used as an intrinsically synchronised optical probe. The measurements were resolved in time by using a chirped optical probe pulse. It was found that exposure to a pulse of energetic protons, induced changes in the optical absorbance of the materials. Through these measurements it was also possible to obtain information about the proton pulse itself; in particular, the duration. Under the specific conditions used in that experiment and for a narrow energy bandwidth, the duration was found to be only 3.5 +-0.7 ps. Compared to most other sources of high-energy protons, these laser-generated proton pulses can deliver extreme doses (kGy) in short (picosecond) pulses close to their source. In the pulsed proton radiolysis of water, indications were found that such a high dose rate affects the yield of solvated electrons, a radiolytic species. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0b026e87-2b59-4980-8c78-004344a06e12 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22583790/Senje2017_thesis.pdf application/pdf 17068871 no Division of Atomic Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University 2017 eng Laser Ion Acceleration Proton Water Sheath Lifetime Laser Ion Acceleration Proton Water Radiolysis Sheath Detector Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Senje Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics Subatomic Physics Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics 978-91-7753-192-0 978-91-7753-193-7 168 2017-04-07T09:15:00+02:00 0b026e87-2b59-4980-8c78-004344a06e12 2017-03-13T13:42:09+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-13T13:42:09+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c517ef67-f564-4b93-bc39-7fdb2e69ed29 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Hedvig Örneholm author 3cce57ca-30bf-4826-995d-eb372ed9e8ab Magnus Eneroth supervisor 6988c1e4-e81a-4cc0-9032-13db0d8a9183 Jan Apelqvist supervisor 67a766e8-307c-452f-a8bd-59a8a3f46257 Jan Larsson supervisor professor Michael Edmonds opponent London Orthopedics v1000532 department Orthopedics research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c517ef67-f564-4b93-bc39-7fdb2e69ed29 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22583993/170222_kappa.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 1215377 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Diabetes Plantar forefoot ulcer Minor amputation Outcome Heel ulcer Recurrent ulcer Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-336-5 86 2017-04-06T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:40 c517ef67-f564-4b93-bc39-7fdb2e69ed29 2017-03-14T09:45:55+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-03-14T09:45:55+01:00

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theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Yannu Zheng author 1b542cbc-0191-43fd-a499-64ada1471cbf Lennart Schön supervisor b8b1578d-b82a-43b9-9728-c71e495cbb70 Olof Ejermo supervisor 2b04f31c-f823-41b1-b556-afbf3e468cf3 Thomas Niedomysl supervisor 20930e46-3c6e-4356-8b68-0f84fea73627 Kerstin Enflo supervisor d4c286de-1917-4dd1-b4d5-da6f8ae76f2d Associate Professor Giuseppe Scellato opponent Polytechnic University of Turin Department of Economic History v1000022 department CIRCLE v1001228 department This thesis investigates the inventive performance of immigrants in Sweden based on a special database which links inventors to the general population of the country from 1985 to 2007. It shows that the inventive performance of immigrants is influenced by immigrants’ age at migration, region of origin, educational level, match between education and occupation and migration policy.<br/> <br/>In general, first-generation immigrants are less likely to patent than native Swedes. The exception is the group working in the high-tech knowledge-intensive service (KIS) sector, where first-generation immigrants are more likely to patent than natives. This is mainly because in this sector, first-generation immigrants are educated to a higher level than their native peers; furthermore, their high and similar representation in high-skill occupations as natives enable them to have as high patenting rate as natives when other variables are held constant. In most sectors, however, the main barriers to first-generation immigrants’ probability of patenting are their over-representation in low-skill occupations and their lower education-occupation match compared with natives. When the analysis is limited to inventors, first-generation immigrant inventors perform as well as their native counterparts. <br/><br/>Second-generation immigrants with a non-Nordic European background perform better than native Swedes, which appears to be because they have more highly educated parents than their native counterparts. Their performance may also be positively affected from having non-native parents who originated from regions with close geographic proximity to Sweden. <br/><br/>The findings also suggest that, the liberalization of migration after the inception of the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994 had a negative effect on educational profile of new EU-15 immigrants to Sweden in the short run when compared with new immigrants from ‘Other developed regions’, but there is no such effect in the long run; moreover, the liberalization of migration also has no systemic effect on the EU-15 immigrants’ probability of becoming an inventor both in the short and long run.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/79fbfd03-608d-4077-9c56-5ddfd768332d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22627242/Yannu_Zheng_PhD_Thesis.pdf application/pdf 5055088 no Lund University 2017 eng First-generation immigrants Migration policy Occupation Education Region of origin Age Sector Selection Human capital Adults Children Patent Inventors Second-generation immigrants Economic History Other Social Sciences 978-91-87793-32-5 978-91-87793-33-2 232 2017-04-12T10:00:00+02:00 79fbfd03-608d-4077-9c56-5ddfd768332d 2017-03-15T12:58:16+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-15T12:58:16+01:00

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theses published Lilla Aulan, MFC, ingång 59, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Mikael Gottsäter author 910d9d17-a58a-483c-9d2d-97d40b1aafdb Peter Nilsson supervisor d4f81cfb-cf32-492f-991f-f84f66734b69 Olle Melander supervisor 708de71a-2d3c-4937-92fc-7768da5dab4c Margaretha Persson supervisor 6fa0d4af-beb9-4d2c-b65e-e149912c7735 associate professor Jonas Spaak opponent Karolinska Institutet EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health v1001239 department Internal Medicine - Epidemiology v1000520 department Internal Medicine - Epidemiology research group The core feature of vascular ageing is the age-associated stiffening of the large, elastic arteries, or arteriosclerosis. This results in a diminished volume-buffering function and is therefore central for the increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure seen with advancing age. Since there are considerable individual differences regarding the rate of vascular ageing, the aim was to describe vascular ageing and its relation to hemodynamic, circulating, morphological and genetic markers using cross-sectional and longitudinal data.<br/><br/>This thesis is based on epidemiological data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a population-based cohort from the city of Malmö, Sweden.<br/><br/>In Paper 1, adrenomedullin (ADM), a vasoactive peptide mainly produced by endothelial cells, was investigated. The results showed that ADM was positively associated with brachial pulse pressure and both carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in adjusted models. This suggests a role for ADM<br/>in early hemodynamic pathophysiology related to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.<br/><br/>In Paper 2 and Paper 3, predictive and cross-sectional assocations between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk markers were investigated. In Paper 2, the stiffness of the abdominal aorta was assessed by ultrasound while in Paper 3 carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) was used, measuring regional<br/>arterial stiffness along the carotid–aortic–iliac–femoral arterial segment. In Paper 3, markers of impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides, low high-lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc), and waist circumference were all independent, non-hemodynamic, long-term predictors of arterial stiffness, following full adjustment in both sexes. Smoking, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were not associated with arterial stiffness. These results were partly concurrent with<br/>results from Paper 2, the main difference being that insulin resistance and low HDLc were associated with abdominal aortic stiffness among women, but not among men.<br/><br/>In Paper 4, Mendelian randomization was used as a method of identifying causal risk factors for arterial stiffness, measured as c-f PWV. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were used as instrumental variables. Arterial stiffness was associated with GRS for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, in<br/>inverse-variance weighted analyzes, significance for FPG β coefficients remained (p=0.006) but the relationship between T2D β coefficients was lost (p=0.88). GRSs for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, LDLc, HDLc and triglycerides were not associated with arterial stiffness. In conclusion, genetically elevated<br/>FPG, but not genetically elevated risk of T2D, was associated with arterial stiffness, suggesting a causal stiffening effect of glycemia on the arterial wall, independently of T2D.<br/><br/>To summarize, in a population-based cohort, the risk markers for arteriosclerosis differ from risk markers for atherosclerosis. Results from Mendelian randomization analyses suggest that fasting plasma glucose is a<br/>causal risk factor for arteriosclerosis. However, this must be confirmed in future studies including newinterventions on hyperglycaemia to improve arteriosclerosis. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5d0024c0-e965-4ea5-b6c2-4655015a29c6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24196199/Mikael_Gotts_ter_avhandling_kappan_.pdf application/pdf 2443114 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Vascular ageing Arterial stiffness Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-433-1 80 2017-05-05T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:53 5d0024c0-e965-4ea5-b6c2-4655015a29c6 2017-04-19T18:34:16+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-04-19T18:34:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9ac595c1-4e7d-40e1-8ddc-d5ff305f2eb5 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Henrik Ekedahl author 48ed9dbe-0808-40b8-8452-7ec69cf0a51a Christian Ingvar supervisor 4565451a-9dc7-4333-b09c-ee886295ec50 Göran B Jönsson supervisor ac0b4551-a9d6-47f0-ba3d-3075acac22e4 Håkan Olsson supervisor c6dd7492-5bf9-46e4-adb8-af4c6327a90e associate professor Lars Ny opponent University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy. Surgery (Lund) v1000466 department Breastcancer-genetics v1000472 department Malignant melanoma is a heterogeneous, malignant neoplastic disease, most often originating in the skin. Melanoma is characterized by a high mutational load and has a vastly variable prognosis, depending on disease stage. Genetic aberrations in the mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are important in melanoma, of which mutations in<i> BRAF</i> and <i>NRAS</i> are the most common. Additionally, recurrent mutations in the promoter of <i>TERT</i>, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, have been associated with a poor prognosis in primary melanoma. The introduction of the first T-cell activating antibody, ipilimumab, and the first selective inhibitor of mutant BRAF, vemurafenib, marked the beginning of a new paradigm in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The rapidly increasing number of treatment options warrants improved prognostic and predictive capability. The aim of this thesis was to examine clinical aspects, in particular prognostic and predictive values, of mutational and transcriptional profiles in metastatic melanoma.<br/>Frozen tumor samples from the Lund Melanoma Study Group molecular melanoma cohort were subjected to mutation analysis of <i>BRAF</i>, <i>NRAS</i> (paper I), and the <i>TERT</i> promoter (paper III), as well as global gene expression<br/>analysis and deep targeted sequencing (paper II). Patients with <i>BRAF</i>-mutant tumors not treated with BRAF inhibitor showed an inferior overall survival from stage IV disease compared with patients treated with BRAF inhibitor (hazard ratio (HR) 2.35, confidence interval (CI) 1.10-5.01). There was a trend towards better prognosis for patients with wildtype tumors compared with <i>BRAFV600E</i>-mutants (HR 0.64, CI 0.39-1.04). <i>TERT</i> promoter mutations were not associated with prognosis in non-acral cutaneous metastatic melanoma. Two hundred<br/>fourteen melanoma samples, mostly metastases, were classified into four gene expression phenotypes, reflecting distinct biological features: ‘proliferative’, ‘pigmentation’, ‘high-immune response’, and ‘normal-like’. Mutational<br/>patterns were similar across the phenotypes. Among patients with regional metastatic disease, the proliferative and the pigmentation phenotypes were associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis (HR 2.8, CI 1.43-<br/>5.57, and HR 1.9, CI 1.05-3.28) compared with the high-immune response phenotype. In two external datasets, the proliferative phenotype was found to be enriched in tumors progressing on MAPK inhibition. In paper IV, the one-year clinical use of a next generation sequencing-based 26-genes mutation panel in advanced melanoma was characterized in relation to given treatment. The fraction of<i> BRAF</i> hotspot-mutant alleles was highly heterogeneous, and patients with tumors harboring a fraction in the highest and lowest deciles progressed early on MAPK inhibition. In conclusion, metastatic melanoma displays various mutational and transcriptional profiles, relevant for prognosis and treatment prediction. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9ac595c1-4e7d-40e1-8ddc-d5ff305f2eb5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24197482/Henrik_E_Thesis_spik.pdf application/pdf 2793123 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Melanom Prognos BRAF TERT Genuttryck Next generation sequencing Melanoma Prognosis BRAF TERT Gene Expression Next generation sequencing Cancer and Oncology 978-91-7619-446-1 83 2017-05-11T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:66 9ac595c1-4e7d-40e1-8ddc-d5ff305f2eb5 2017-04-19T20:44:45+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-19T20:44:45+02:00

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theses published Föreläsningssal F2, Centralblocket, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund 1 Caroline Williamsson author f5040e31-86b8-4f54-9d5c-4775220218f9 Bobby Tingstedt supervisor aa170621-5a09-4cb4-b058-7bd0ac1e4bee Roland Andersson supervisor f0eb48cc-f058-43f4-97b0-6614a71ff984 Gert Lindell supervisor 45212771-3d95-4b0b-a31a-fc4a0c8981ec associate professor Kristoffer Lassen opponent Oslo University Hospital Surgery (Lund) v1000466 department Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery v1000974 department Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/72d8e85d-b3c4-4715-be93-98431377dbf7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24198203/Caroline_W_webb_paperI_IV.pdf application/pdf 6759297 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Pancreaticoduodenectomy enhanced recovery Perioperative Care Centralization palliative surgery Medical and Health Sciences Surgery 978-91-7619-448-5 94 2017-05-12T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:68 72d8e85d-b3c4-4715-be93-98431377dbf7 2017-04-19T23:30:56+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-19T23:30:56+02:00

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theses epub Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Yana Pryymachenko author 2a10f2c7-eef7-4380-aeaf-73a049758eba Petter Lundborg supervisor 776ec70d-4ba5-44fe-bfef-b8123fb906d1 Kaveh Majlesi supervisor d96c48bf-9c2f-4d52-a459-01ed670f62f2 Associate senior lecturer Hans Grönqvist opponent Uppsala University Department of Economics v1000029 department Centre for Economic Demography v1000018 department This thesis consists of three empirical studies on the effects of exposure to heavy metal pollution in early childhood on a broad set of individual outcomes. The first study analyses how accumulated exposure to metal pollution during childhood affects long-run outcomes. Exploiting policy-driven reductions in metal pollution in Sweden, it shows that accumulated exposure to metals (including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, vanadium, and zinc) leads to lower GPA scores, fewer years of education, and reduced adult wages. It also shows that these effects may contribute to intergenerational persistence of socioeconomic status due to inequalities in pollution exposure driven by parental sorting.<br/>The second study estimates the effect of lead pollution on infant mortality in five Sub-Saharan African countries. A sharp phase-out of leaded gasoline provides exogenous variation in changes in lead pollution between those living close to major roads and those living further away to identify a causal effect. The results show that the phase-out led to a large reduction in infant mortality, particularly among girls. This effect was driven by infants born to mothers with low socioeconomic status.<br/>The third study investigates how exposure to lead pollution in early life affects cognitive skills among school age children in Uganda. Again, it relies on the phase-out of leaded gasoline as an exogenous shock to lead pollution levels. The findings suggest a strong negative effect of lead pollution on math and English test scores, which is stronger for children exposed to lead pollution at an earlier age.<br/>Taken together, these studies contribute to our understanding of the benefits of more stringent environmental regulations regarding heavy metal pollution. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3f7aa20d-9bdd-4a35-9bc5-db7d5a19dfbf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24602413/Yana_Pryymachenko_Heavy_Metal_Exposure_in_Early_Life.pdf application/pdf 3378696 no Lund University 2017-04-05 eng Metal pollution accumulated exposure lead pollution GPA education earnings infant mortality cognitive skills Economics 978-91-7753-232-3 978-91-7753-233-0 111 2017-05-23T13:00:00+02:00 3f7aa20d-9bdd-4a35-9bc5-db7d5a19dfbf 2017-04-20T15:18:05+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-20T15:18:05+02:00

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theses published Psychiatry Lund, Baravägen 1. 1 Martin Olsson author 6fa81e5c-69f2-4b91-98d8-aaac8347be24 Anders C Håkansson supervisor 747a91e6-06ba-4b96-9478-25360068a14a Agneta Öjehagen supervisor 38966add-ffb1-43e1-9847-54cb0646d564 Louise Brådvik supervisor 01354903-6cfa-47df-8c3c-0782ef359673 associate professor Tom Palmstierna opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Psychiatry (Lund) v1000459 department Clinical addiction research unit v1001039 department Clinical addiction research unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4791dd69-2c91-4b13-877e-d7c6b72823bd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24354981/martin_e_spik_kappa.pdf application/pdf 2345488 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Substance use, psychiatric co-morbidity, Addiction Severity Index, criminal justice population, adolescent, young adult, Interactive Voice Response, hair analysis, Non-Medical Prescription Opioid Use Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-462-1 90 2017-05-20T10:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:82 4791dd69-2c91-4b13-877e-d7c6b72823bd 2017-04-21T10:25:54+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-21T10:25:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d24e4a5c-8d0e-4061-94db-78c750908299 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:207 1 Elvira Andersson author 25cbc7a1-bcf5-46e3-946f-3da1d98b9ab5 Petter Lundborg supervisor 776ec70d-4ba5-44fe-bfef-b8123fb906d1 Dan-Olof Rooth supervisor b6699587-aac3-4bbf-aa98-5a95981ab87f Professor Marianne Simonsen opponent Aarhus University Department of Economics v1000029 department Centre for Economic Demography v1000018 department This thesis contains four independent research papers, which investigate the causal relations between several aspects of health and economic outcomes at different stages of the life course. The first paper investigates the causal effects of maternal deprivation and maltreatment during various periods of childhood on adolescent health and human capital. Using hospital data and information on<br/>ninth year GPA for the entire Swedish population born in 1978-1995, we exploit between-sibling variation in the age at exposure to maternal psychiatric hospitalization. Our results indicate a greatly elevated risk of hospital admission due to self-harm and substance-related diagnoses during late adolescence among individuals exposed to maternal psychiatric hospitalization in childhood. We also find a relatively small negative impact on girls' ninth year GPA. Taken together, the results suggest substantial adverse effects on psychosocial health for individuals exposed to maternal psychiatric hospitalization during childhood. The detrimental effects on child health are especially pronounced for exposure at very early ages, especially for boys.<br/><br/>The second paper uses draft data covering the entire population of Swedish males born in 1965-1975 to study visually impaired individuals' labor market outcomes. A detailed and objective measure of visual acuity lets me distinguish visually impaired individuals whose impairment comprises a work-limitation from those whose productivity remains unaffected. Together with detailed information on occupational categories, this allows me to separate effects of work limitations and selection into professional categories from consequences of discrimination due to wearing glasses. The data contains objective information on cognitive and non-cognitive ability and general health, allowing me to investigate the role of important mediators. While I do not find any evidence of discrimination against individuals wearing glasses, my results suggest that work-limitations adversely affect visually impaired individuals' employment rates and earnings, already at a Jow level of reduced vision after optimal correction. I also show the importance of, most notably, non-cognitive ability in explaining part of the labor market disadvantage, suggesting difficulties for visually impaired individuals in acquiring this type of skills.<br/><br/>The third paper uses Danish day care teachers as an ideal case for analyzing whether or not work pressure, measured by the child-to-teacher ratio, that is, the number of children per teacher in a day care institution, affects teacher sickness absenteeism. We control for individual teacher characteristics, workplace characteristics, and family background characteristics of the children in the day care institutions. We perform estimations for two time periods, 2002-2003 and 2005-2006, by using generalized method of moments with lagged levels of the child-to-teacher ratio as an instrument. Our estimation results are somewhat mixed. Generally, the results indicate that the child-to-teacher ratio is positively related to short-term sickness absence for teachers working with 1/2-3-year old children, but not for teachers working with 3-6-year olds.<br/><br/>In the fourth paper, we study the short-run effect of salary receipt on mortality among Swedish public sector employees. By exploiting variation in paydays across work-places, we completely control for mortality patterns related to, for example, public holidays and other special days or events coinciding with paydays and for general within-month and within-week mortality patterns. We find a dramatic increase in mortality on the day that salaries arrive. The increase is especially pronounced for younger workers and for deaths due to activity-related causes such as heart conditions and strokes. The effect is entirely driven by an increase in mortality among low-income individuals, who are more likely to experience liquidity constraints. All things considered, our results suggest that an increase in general economic activity on salary receipt is an important cause of the excess mortality. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d24e4a5c-8d0e-4061-94db-78c750908299 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24356629/ElviraAndersson2017.pdf application/pdf 1659037 no Lund Economic Studies Lund University 2017-04-21 eng health mental health human capital children visual impairment earnings employment discrimination cognitive ability disability work pressure sickness absence day care mortality consumption liquidity constraints permanent income hypothesis health mental health children visual impairment employment earnings discrimination cognitive ability disability work pressure day care sickness absence mortality liquidity constraints consumption permanent income hypothesis Economics 978-91-7753-282-8 978-91-7753-281-1 132 2017-05-16T10:15:00+02:00 d24e4a5c-8d0e-4061-94db-78c750908299 2017-04-21T11:48:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-21T11:48:02+02:00

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theses published lecture hall M:B, Mechanical Engineering Building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Kimberly Solon author 488ec207-5378-4c13-ace3-84033bbf5cc7 Ulf Jeppsson supervisor 07436d2c-a5d8-4f84-9034-54afad469a52 Krist Gernaey supervisor fec014e5-13c4-47a3-87ff-f1c72f560a04 Xavier Flores-Alsina supervisor e4aafa81-f102-407a-ac91-356ef906ffdd doktor Paloma Grau opponent University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain Division for Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation v1000203 department As problems associated with shortage in resource supply arise, wastewater treatment plants turn to innovation to transform themselves into resource recovery facilities. Water groups worldwide recognize that wastewater treatment plants are no longer disposal facilities but rather sources of clean water, energy and nutrients.<br/><br/>One of the most important resources that can be recovered from wastewater treatment plants is phosphorus. Mathematical modelling can be utilised to analyse various operational strategies to recover phosphorus from the wastewater. However, incorporating phosphorus transformation processes in plant-wide models is complex. Firstly, the tri-valence of phosphates suggests non-ideality, which requires the use of a physico-chemical model to account for this non-ideality. Secondly, phosphorus has strong interlinks with sulfur and iron, which necessitates inclusion of their transformations in biological and physico-chemical models. Lastly, consolidating these into a plant-wide model aimed at describing phosphorus removal and/or recovery requires interfacing, modifications to the plant layout, addition of recovery unit processes and development of new control and operational strategies. The research work presented in this thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges.<br/><br/>A physico-chemical model is developed to take into account ion activity corrections, ion pairing effects, aqueous phase chemical equilibria, multiple mineral precipitation and gas stripping/adsorption. The model is then linked with standard approaches used in wastewater engineering, such as the Activated Sludge Model Nos. 1, 2d and 3 (ASM1, 2d, 3) and the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1). The extensions of the ASM2d and ADM1 with phosphorus, sulfur and iron-related conversions followed. And finally, the extended models and the physico-chemical model are consolidated into a plant-wide model provided by the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2. The resulting model is used for simulation-based scenario analysis for finding ways to improve the operation of a wastewater treatment plant aimed at phosphorus removal and recovery. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2849dba3-0f5e-4706-a861-3dbe7251d597 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24482709/Thesis_Kimberly_Solon.pdf application/pdf 17068087 no Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University 2017-04-24 eng Benchmark Simulation Model Anaerobic Digestion Model Activated Sludge Model Physico-chemistry Phosphorus removal Nutrient recovery Water Treatment Other Environmental Engineering Water Engineering Chemical Engineering 978-91-88934-79-6 978-91-88934-78-9 238 2017-05-19T10:15:00+02:00 2849dba3-0f5e-4706-a861-3dbe7251d597 2017-04-24T09:03:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-24T09:03:21+02:00

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theses published Hornsbergssalen, Kulturen 1 Per F. Andersson author 12eb5ca9-a8b7-447d-9139-e7486bfb4811 Johannes Lindvall supervisor b059c5c8-e847-4409-9295-24892594639f Jan Teorell supervisor 1bc9e355-890c-4c6e-b85f-1c38d7bdc20f Reader Lucas Leeman opponent University of Essex Department of Political Science v1000693 department Taxation is a key activity of any state and a constant point of political struggle. The structure of taxation is continuously changing and evolving, and its size has grown dramatically during the last two hundred years. Many of the cross-national patterns we observe today are the result of centuries old conflicts and challenges, hence we need to take history into account if we want to understand contemporary tax systems. This dissertation is concerned with the evolution of taxation in the last two centuries. During this period modern parliamentary democracy developed and spread, and it is during this period that the contemporary party systems crystallized and the broad lines of conflict between the left and the right emerged. Thus, this period is crucial for our understanding of the effects of political institutions and ideology on policy making.<br/><br/>Because of a lack of comparative information on taxation with a long time scale, previous research has been constrained to a small number of mostly European countries. In this dissertation I present a novel dataset (a collaboration with Thomas Brambor) over government tax revenues covering 31 countries from 1800 to 2012. The dataset is unprecedented in both temporal and geographic scope and includes countries from Europe, North America, South America, as well as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.<br/><br/>The first paper is concerned with the notion that democracy itself has an impact on taxation by extending influence to previously excluded groups of poor citizens. I present evidence for the argument that the effects of democracy depend on urbanization. Democratization in an urbanized state leads to higher taxes on income and lower taxes on consumption. In contrast, democratization in rural countries is associated with lower taxes on property.<br/><br/>The second paper investigates the influence of ideology on taxation. A puzzle in the literature is why left-wing parties are associated with regressive taxation (e.g., on consumption). I argue that how left-wing governments tax depend on the institutional environment. In countries using majoritarian/plurality electoral systems the left relies more on income tax, and in countries using proportional representation systems the left relies more on consumption tax.<br/><br/>In the third paper I investigate the mechanism behind left-wing tax strategy in more detail by studying reforms of consumption taxation in post- war United Kingdom and Sweden. I find that strategic considerations related to how the political system concentrates power in the United Kingdom affected the Labour Party’s attitude towards the value-added tax and its decision not to adopt the tax. The left-wing government in Sweden on the other hand, operating in a different institutional context, decided to introduce a similar tax.<br/><br/>The fourth paper, which is coauthored with Johannes Lindvall, contrasts political investments, of which taxation is one example, with short- term crisis management. We present a game theoretic model in which institutions that concentrate power are better at handling sudden crises but worse at making policy with short-run costs and long-term gains. Power-sharing institutions, on the other hand, are better at resolving inter- temporal dilemmas, but perform worse when faced with sudden crises. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5b9410af-d495-41be-80d9-3b85b7d52dea https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24479372/Andersson_thesis_kappa.pdf application/pdf 1866629 no Lund University 2017-04-24 eng Taxation Democracy Economic history Redistribution Political economy Beskattning Demokrati Ekonomisk historia Omfördelning Politisk ekonomi Political Science (excluding Peace and Conflict Studies) Political Science 0460-0037 978-91-7753-229-3 978-91-7753-230-9 186 247 2017-05-19T10:00:00+02:00 5b9410af-d495-41be-80d9-3b85b7d52dea 2017-04-24T11:24:03+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-24T11:24:03+02:00

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theses published lecture hall M:E, building M, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Mayken Espinoza Andaluz author 78e50bdf-5fbe-41c7-8fff-d0e71074c87e Martin Andersson supervisor caff099c-ca45-4d0e-a9c8-6e8ad97bd10e Bengt Sundén supervisor c8faf656-e591-4bb5-882f-36523cccdf4c Associate Professor Erik Kjeang opponent Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada Heat Transfer v1000211 department The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is considered as one of the most promising devices for providing efficient, clean and noiseless conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy. This device can provide electrical and thermal energy for transport, mobile and stationary applications ranging in a wide range of power requirements. However, in spite of its promising potential and increasing presence during recent years, the PEFCs are still not widely commercialized around the world. The competition with current technologies is hard, especially due to the high cost involved in the PEFC production and degradation issues.<br/>The energy conversion within the PEFCs is maintained by different multi-physics and multi-chemical phenomena that occur at different length and time scales. The reactant gases and the electrons, products of the electrochemical reactions, flow through complex and anisotropic geometries which make their description difficult, especially when a pore-scale analysis is considered. As part of a PEFC, the gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in the energy conversion process, giving mechanical support to the cell and providing a structure to which the reactant and product fluids can flow; as well as it allows the flow of electrons from the active sites to the current collectors and vice versa.<br/>A complete understanding of the diffusion transport properties, considering the morphological configuration at the pore-scale level, can give an insight to improve certain characteristics of the GDLs and eventually enhance the behavior of the whole system. Considering that a pore-scale and in-situ experiment represents a considerable investment of resources, computational tools to describe the different transport phenomena through the GDLs offer a unique opportunity to study the diffusion transport phenomena and estimate the properties of the GDLs.<br/>Two- and three-dimensional models representing GDLs have been developed to analyze the impact of morphological configurations on certain diffusion transport properties, as well as the fluid behavior and mass transport through the mentioned layers when they are subjected to different conditions of compression, morphological configurations or inflow. Due to the complexity of the GDLs, the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was chosen as the computational tool to describe and analyze the fluid flow behavior and the mass transport phenomena through the GDLs. This methodology can be applied not only to the mentioned layer in PEFCs, but also to the porous media found in other type of FC such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). <br/>The GDLs are stochastically created and the diffusion transport parameters such as porosity, gas-phase tortuosity, permeability, inertial coefficient and normalized diffusivitiy are analyzed from a pore-scale point of view. This thesis not only provides insightful information about the different diffusion transport GDL parameters, but also offers an analysis of the effects of morphological configurations on the mentioned properties. Several correlations for gas-phase tortuosity, permeability and diffusibility among others, are proposed to predict the behavior of the mentioned parameters. The computation of the parameters is supported by single-phase Lattice Boltzmann models which allow a deep analysis of the fluid behavior and the mass transport phenomena through the digitally created GDLs. The GDL generation and the LB models are completely developed by the author. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/75e4625d-8310-4871-958b-d87c0ae1bb5b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24521215/Mayken_Espinoza_webb.pdf application/pdf 7714546 no Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University 2017 eng PEFC lattice Boltzmann method gas diffusion layers porosity Gas-phase tortuosity permeability inertial coefficient diffusibility pore-scale modeling Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-236-1 978-91-7753-237-8 172 2017-05-19T10:15:00+02:00 75e4625d-8310-4871-958b-d87c0ae1bb5b 2017-04-24T14:09:50+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-24T14:09:50+02:00

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theses published CRC 2:an (OSCE-hallen), Jan Waldenströms gata 35, ingång 72, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Cecilia Lenander author 9df57300-df9a-430f-a8e8-a3063bf683a5 Patrik Midlöv supervisor 832a57bd-2192-4ce1-9943-0a88b7370540 Åsa Bondesson supervisor f773bf0a-9b31-43a5-bbcd-97aee422df07 Nina Viberg supervisor 6e610fa6-f840-46e6-8258-9efcc20b0164 professor Anders Grimsmo opponent Trondheim Family Medicine and Community Medicine v1000478 department Family Medicine and Community Medicine research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/50df8f6d-7c2e-43b4-acc7-21bd71b71c56 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24482074/Avhandling_Cecilia_Lenander.pdf application/pdf 3647759 no Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten 2017 eng äldre primärvård läkemedelsgenomgångar Tvärprofessionella team läkemedelsrelaterade problem potenitellt olämpliga läkemedel Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-434-8 67 2017-05-05T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:54 50df8f6d-7c2e-43b4-acc7-21bd71b71c56 2017-04-24T14:23:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-24T14:23:54+02:00

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theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Cerina Wittbom author 80246e58-8934-424f-a0c7-fa288b4be3cf Birgitta Svenningsson supervisor 352c4675-a8c7-46b2-8b13-b145c1fba4e5 Jenny Rissler supervisor 18e92696-32fc-4edd-80ed-da7f82295054 Dr Heike Wex opponent Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany Nuclear physics v1000629 department MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system v1000618 department Aerosol particles are everywhere in the air around us, regardless of whether you are in a busy city or in the serene Arctic. Airborne particles can be produced naturally or anthropogenically, and their properties changes during the time they spend in the atmosphere. Their sizes range from about 1 nm to 100 μm, and affect us in two ways; firstly, our health by deposition in the respiratory tract, and secondly via pertubation of the climate.<br/>The Earth’s climate is affected by the radiation balance, which is in turn affected by the presence of particles and the formation of cloud droplets. Cloud droplets form on pre-existing particles by condensation of watervapour. These particles, which act as seeds for the condensation of water, are called cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).<br/>The ability of particles to take up water vapour depends on their chemical and physical properties, and is described by particle hygroscopicity. The theoretical framework used in this work to calculate particle hygroscopicity was first introduced by Köhler in 1936, and has since then been developed to account for nonideal conditions. <br/>Particle hygroscopicity of fresh and aged traffic exhaust was investigated in laboratory measurements. The complete transformation of soot particles, from fresh emissions of hydrophobic, aspherical soot agglomerates to compacted soot particles coated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which are able to act as CCN, was captured for the first time. The SOA produced from traffic emissions showed differences in water vapour uptake, when measured in the subsaturated compared to supersaturated regimes. Theoretical analysis using modified Köhler theory, indicated that these measured differences could be explained by limitation of the solubility of the SOA that was condensed on the seed particles.<br/>Ambient measurements of particle hygroscopicity associated with traffic emissions were performed in urban and rural environments. The urban aerosol showed a clear diurnal variation as well as a dependence on air mass origin. The fraction of particles with low hygroscopicity and the fraction of fresh soot (from traffic) showed good agreement during the daytime. However, during the night-time the fraction of agglomerated soot decreased, probably as a result of soot emissions from further away having undergone ageing, and hence restructured to more dense particles, while the hygroscopicity was not notably improved. Furthermore, observations made by following air masses from the urban to the rural environments showed that soot particle restructuring and changes in their properties may occur much faster than previously thought (within 5 hours), due to particulate nitrate formation coupled to water vapour uptake.<br/>Finally, the impact of traffic exhausts on climate was synthetized by combining the results in this thesis with those from the literature. Soot particles lead mainly to global warming. Traffic emissions can also reduce visibility, as the ability to absorb and scatter light may increase with ageing and water vapour uptake. However, with further ageing and increased hygroscopicity, the particles produced by traffic can act as cloud condensation nuclei, thus contributing to cooling. The increased hygroscopicity (due to condensation of organic and inorganic material) will affect the atmospheric lifetime of the soot particles, which also influence climate change. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9749903c-3644-4083-81fb-4f9db46bea70 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24523605/Cerina_Wittbom_webb.pdf application/pdf 4779707 no Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet 2017-04-25 eng CCN ACTIVATION Soot water vapour climate SOA Traffic emission Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Wittbom Engineering and Technology Environmental Engineering 978-91-7753-267-5 978-91-7753-268-2 194 2017-05-19T09:00:00+02:00 9749903c-3644-4083-81fb-4f9db46bea70 2017-04-25T15:13:16+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-25T15:13:16+02:00

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theses published Lecture hall, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö 1 Mehdi Osooli author 7dc9a866-1c5f-48c5-aee6-e573686ef331 Erik Berntorp supervisor 4aab0d0f-35ce-477e-a4c5-7b3b36687502 Katarina Steen Carlsson supervisor 56a58904-ece4-47fe-b460-8d8e3f0587b2 Jan Astermark supervisor af7e247a-381e-4a1c-a1d8-7625b1488a9e Adjunct Professor Elina Armstrong opponent Division of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Clinical Coagulation, Malmö v1000575 department Clinical Coagulation, Malmö research group Introduction<br/>Haemophilia is a X-linked bleeding disorder affecting mostly males. Women are mainly carriers of<br/>haemophilia, however, they can expereince high bleeding tendency and assocaited symptoms as<br/>with males. In the absence of the appropriate treatment, bleedings, especially into the joints, result in<br/>adverse outcomes. The general aim of this thesis was to promote the use of register-based data to<br/>investigate long-term outcomes among persons with haemophilia. In addition, we investigated some<br/>long-term ouctomes among persons with haemophilia and carriers of haemophilia using the available<br/>registers.<br/>Methods<br/>We conducted a scoping study and several large-scale register-based studies to evaluate outcome<br/>assessment practice and joint and survival outcomes in haemophilia, respectively. We used data from<br/>the Malmö single centre register (n=167), National Patient Register (mild haemophilia=315 and<br/>carriers of haemophilia=561) and the KAPPA register (severe haemophilia=173) as sources of<br/>inclusion of participants and data on their outcomes. Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs were<br/>used to maximize the use of available data. We investigated joint disease, haemophilia joint health<br/>score, joint surgery and survival of the study participants.<br/>Results and conclusion<br/>The assessment of the literature revealed a paucity of productive registers and inconsistency in their<br/>outcome reporting. Carriers and persons with mild haemophilia are at higher risk of joint disease and<br/>surgery compared to the general population. The index joints are more at risk of surgery in both<br/>groups especially among the older age groups. The KAPPA study showed remarkable health utility<br/>and joint status among younger persons with severe haemophilia on prophylaxis started by age 3. In<br/>the Malmö register study, persons with severe haemophilia born 1980 onwards did not have surgery.<br/>This thesis suggests that carriers of haemophilia and persons with mild haemophilia are at high risk<br/>of joint disease and should be monitored at haemophilia treatment centres for their outcomes.<br/>Registers, when harmonized in terms of structure and outcome assessment, are valuable resources<br/>for generation of epidemiological evidence. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f7882197-0f69-45ac-b7e5-9bc7389f132f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24523870/e_spik_Mehdi_hela_avh.pdf application/pdf 4644602 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Registers Haemophilia Carriers of haemophilia Long-term outcomes Joint surgery Survival Longitudinal Studies Clinical Medicine 978-91-7619-463-8 74 2017-05-15T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:83 f7882197-0f69-45ac-b7e5-9bc7389f132f 2017-04-25T15:40:38+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-25T15:40:38+02:00

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theses published Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, lecture hall, Klinikgatan 12, 1 Zahra Sabeti Rad author fe1de698-0520-4f14-bbf6-504d1806f4dc Göran Lingman supervisor 6d346c2c-8492-46f5-940e-17340ad01ce8 Britt Friberg supervisor 15c30723-f71a-42ac-b424-17368183ac14 Emir Henic supervisor 69a38e93-c4ac-46c4-b414-522447099fb0 Professor Bo Jacobsson opponent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Lund) v1000470 department The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether a malignant disease in women increases the risk of fertility disturbances, pregnancy and delivery complications and also of adverse birth outcomes among their infants. <br/>By linkage between six national health registers, we obtained data for all children born in Sweden 1994-2011 and their mothers including information on malignancy diagnosis, method of conception (natural/ART), pregnancies, and health outcomes of the infants. <br/>In Papers I- III we studied the outcomes after a malignancy diagnosis of more than one year before delivery. We found increased risks of fertility disturbance and some pregnancy and delivery complications among these women. We also saw an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight among their infants and as a result of this an increased risk of neonatal morbidity. No increased risk of malformation was found after a history of malignancy. However, an increased malformation risk was seen after IVF and previous maternal malignancy. <br/>In Paper IV the focus was on women and their infants with a malignancy close to or during pregnancy. We observed a high incidence of prematurity and neonatal morbidity, especially when the malignancy was diagnosed during the second and third trimesters. An increased risk was also seen of relatively mild malformations after maternal malignancy within six months prior to pregnancy or during the first trimester. <br/>In conclusion, it is important that these women receive adequate information about potential risks but also reassurance from clinicians who provide counseling. During their pregnancies additional surveillance is possibly required.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/67957956-6cac-4122-975a-1e105bab1d3d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24524315/Thesis_Zahra_Sabeti_Rad_G5.pdf application/pdf 891151 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Malignancy, Pregnancy complications, IVF, Prematurity, Congenital malformations Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-442-3 72 2017-05-19T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation series 2017:62 67957956-6cac-4122-975a-1e105bab1d3d 2017-04-25T17:08:06+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-04-25T17:08:06+02:00

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theses published Aulan, CRC, SUS Malmö 1 Marie Nilsson author 67feecb2-d6f1-4ce6-9deb-b718cb6cf6e1 Kerstin Blomqvist supervisor H Ingemar Andersson supervisor Margareta Troein supervisor 5c22a40f-2026-46b4-b5c1-289c9c519279 docent Peter Korp opponent Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap, Göteborgs Universitet Family Medicine and Community Medicine v1000478 department Family Medicine and Community Medicine research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9e03bc13-4eb8-46df-9e1c-558a4f42b5cf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24524987/avhandling.pdf application/pdf 2315846 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng workplace health promotion; teachers; salutogenesis; intervention; collegial reflection Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-453-9 98 2017-05-16T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:73 9e03bc13-4eb8-46df-9e1c-558a4f42b5cf 2017-04-25T20:01:29+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-25T20:01:29+02:00

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theses published Rum 2005-7, DC, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Martin Andersson author a3f7a38e-073d-4b4c-89cd-b83bf9f67a12 Sigrid Leide Svegborn supervisor b4eef648-f6a7-471c-b7cd-75264b398fb3 Sören Mattsson supervisor b069c961-7422-4032-8f1f-387b1570c517 David Minarik supervisor 8b78e1a1-0dd7-4896-a03e-8fb210b4ca31 Lennart Johansson supervisor professor John Harrison opponent Didcot Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/aaf57594-29bd-46e1-bdb2-b4c78eedf8f4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24562342/Martin_Andersson_inkl_omslag_bara_kappan.pdf application/pdf 3590706 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-437-9 62 2017-04-21T09:15:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:57 aaf57594-29bd-46e1-bdb2-b4c78eedf8f4 2017-04-26T13:02:37+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-26T13:02:37+02:00

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theses published Föreläsningssalen, Avd för obstetrik och gynekologi, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Rickard Claesson author 7d86bf04-fe18-4833-917d-1eb4ea8b3d67 Kerstin Berntorp supervisor 4e2cd76f-60a4-4e8d-a21b-a315570177df Magnus Ekelund supervisor 18b94c80-9931-4bf2-884f-2e5d685a2f54 Nael Shaat supervisor eb3e47e0-d395-4999-a98b-be0cf6502559 professor Kåre I. Birkeland opponent Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway Translational Muscle Research v1000486 department Translational Muscle Research research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a556db04-68df-4dd7-aa9a-11f2444a639e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24564379/e_spik_claesson_hela_avh.pdf application/pdf 3767988 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) Oral glucose tolerance test Type-2 diabetes Diagnostic criteria HbA1c Screening test Follow-up Body mass index (BMI) Glucose levels Large for gestational age (LGA) Seasonal variation Medical and Health Sciences Endocrinology and Diabetes 978-91-7619-429-4 75 2017-04-21T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:49 a556db04-68df-4dd7-aa9a-11f2444a639e 2017-04-26T15:36:39+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-04-26T15:36:39+02:00

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theses published Lecture Hall, 3rd floor, Radiotherapy building, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden 1 Richard Fristedt author 4b4c1f0c-726a-4899-ab4a-f748502885c5 Karin Jirström supervisor 505ee0e8-4789-46f8-995a-741de2e16b94 Jakob Eberhard supervisor 6fa6241d-f5b8-4eae-b15b-eef4ae133f2b Bobby Tingstedt supervisor aa170621-5a09-4cb4-b058-7bd0ac1e4bee Professor Malin Sund opponent Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University and Umeå University Hospital Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund v1000428 department Personalized Pathology & Cancer Therapy v1001098 department Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Personalized Pathology & Cancer Therapy research group Cancer development depends on cells aquiring a skillset of limitless growth and finally invasive properties to allow for metastasis, as summarised by the six hallmarks of cancer. Recently four more hallmarks have been added: genomic instability, deregulating cellular metabolism, tumour-promoting inflammation and avoiding immune destruction. This thesis focuses on the latter two: immune system and cancer cell interactions. Oesophageal and gastric cancer present late and only 25% and 30%, respectively, will be subjected to curative treatment. Periampullary cancer includes: pancreatic cancer (PDA), biliary, ampullary and duodenal cancer. Periampullary cancer is often dichotomised into intestinal (I)-type and pancreatobiliary (PB)-type. Overall survival for PDA is 5%, whilst I-type periampullary cancer has a better prognosis.<br/>The aim of this thesis was to analyse the expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and the abundance of B cells and plasma cells in oesophago-gastric, pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma, and to explore their potential prognostic and predictive value.<br/><br/>To this end, two patient cohorts were used The first cohort encompassed 174 patients with surgically resected oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma, who had not received neoadjuvant treatment. The second cohort encompassed 175 patients treated with pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma. Tissue microarrays were constructed from primary tumours and selected metastases and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied with validated antibodies against pIgR, CD20+ B cells, CD138+ and IGKC+ plasma cells. Light microscopy and/or digital image analysis was used for detection. In addition, PIGR gene expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. <br/><br/>High expression of pIgR, a transporter protein that transcytoses antibodies across epithelial cells to mucosal surfaces and has been associated with improved survival in many cancer types, was associated with a prolonged time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) in oesophageal and gastric junction adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, reduced expression of pIgR was associated with decreased OS in I-type periampullary adenocarcinoma.<br/> <br/>In oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, high density of IGKC+ plasma cells was associated with a prolonged TTR and OS. No association was seen for IGKC+ plasma cells in I-type or PB-type periampullary adenocarcinoma but a, high density of CD20+ B cells was associated with both a prolonged TTR and OS. In addition, there was a significant treatment interaction in relation to OS between high density of CD20+ B cells and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PB-type periampullary adenocarcinoma. <br/><br/>In conclusion, high pIgR expression is associated with improved outcomes in oesophageal, GE junction and I-type periampullary adenocarcinoma. IGKC+ plasma cells are associated with a prolonged survival in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. CD20+ B cells are associated with a prolonged survival in I-type and PB-type periampullary adenocarcinoma, and, possibly, with an improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in PB-type tumours. The underlying mechanistic principles remain to be deciphered.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8a5cc15e-6f08-43b8-93f2-3c3543b73f79 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24604175/Richard_Fristedt_Thesis_no_Papers.pdf application/pdf 4564332 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor B cells Plasma cells Esophageal adenocarcinoma gastric adenocarcinoma Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Periampullary adenocarcinoma Prognosis and survival Immune system Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-455-3 82 2017-05-19T09:15:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:75 8a5cc15e-6f08-43b8-93f2-3c3543b73f79 2017-04-27T16:15:49+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-04-27T16:15:49+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1c551a21-c983-49c8-8e8f-87c5bc60ff26 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Hanna Weimann author 37bb233b-a0dc-43c6-8fb7-743d4d688304 Jonas Björk supervisor 566521da-24b2-41e5-b500-037a7ebd9117 Lars Rylander supervisor 14756f81-ceb1-4d2f-8044-b40b0abbb9aa Maria Albin supervisor a3ec3e39-5271-4028-a362-d340b407bf1e Erik Skärbäck supervisor professor Jens Troelsen opponent Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics. University of Southern Denmark Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Environmental Epidemiology v1001082 department EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health v1001239 department Environmental Epidemiology research group The proportion of people living in densely built up areas is gradually increasing,<br/>forcing cities to generate new land to build homes upon. In this process there is a risk for an inexplicit decrease of green space. The green features of<br/>neighbourhoods help to create a supportive environment for health and physical<br/>activity, thus a reduction of greenness may reduce the general well-being in the<br/>population.<br/><br/>The overall aim of this thesis was to study how green neighbourhood<br/>environments are related to physical activity, health and well-being, to better<br/>understand the implications for public health. Separate data was used for each<br/>paper in the thesis. Objectively measured physical activity in children was used to assess the association with neighbourhood resources. Longitudinal survey data on general and mental health in prognostic groups was related to survey data on qualities in the green neighbourhood. These qualities was also related to cross-sectional data on physical activity and moderated by safety and social coherence. A qualitative interview study using content analysis is also included in the thesis.<br/><br/>An association between access to neighbourhood resources and objectively<br/>measured physical activity was seen in children aged 4-11 years. Neighbourhood greenness was weakly associated with general health, but not mental health, and a beneficial effect of increased neighbourhood greenness on general health was indicated only in the most vulnerable subgroup. Access to high quality green areas promotes physical activity only among individuals who perceive their neighbourhood as being safe.<br/><br/>The size of the study samples and the extensive and partly longitudinal survey data used in two of the papers in this thesis provided unique possibilities to adjust for confounders and avoid single source bias, while at the same time provide new insights on causality.<br/><br/>There is rich variety in potential pathways through which greenness may promote well-being. Hence, there is a need to consider the green neighbourhood environment from multiple perspectives when densifying cities or planning for other changes. Befolkningen växer och andelen som vill bo i städer ökar stadigt vilket skapar<br/>behov av ny mark att bygga bostäder på. Tidigare har de flesta städer och orter<br/>utvecklats genom att växa utåt, vilket har lett till förlust av naturområden och<br/>jordbruksmark och ökat beroendet av bilar. Att bygga staden inåt istället, så kallad förtätning, är numera en populär strategi för att minska bostadsbristen. I denna process finns risk att det sker en gradvis minskning av grönområden och andra gröna element i människors livsmiljö. <br/><br/>Kvaliteten på den gröna miljön där människor bor har i ett flertal studier förknippats med fysiskt och psykiskt välbefinnande. Tillgång till grönska är potentiellt viktigare bland människor som på grund av exempelvis dålig ekonomi har sämre förutsättningar än andra att ha god hälsa. De gröna inslagen i bostadsområden bidrar till att skapa ett gynnsamt klimat för hälsa och fysisk aktivitet, och en minskning av sådana ytor kan därmed minska det allmänna välbefinnandet i befolkningen.<br/><br/>Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att studera hur grön närmiljö är relaterat till fysisk aktivitet, hälsa och välbefinnande ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv. Avhandlingen beskriver fyra olika studier som alla undersöker sambandet mellan grön närmiljö och hälsa ut olika insynsvinklar och med hjälp av data från olika källor.<br/><br/>I den första studien undersöktes sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitet hos barn i<br/>åldern 4-11 år och lekmiljön i närheten av bostaden. Genom att låta alla 205 barn ha på sig en accelerometer mätte vi barnets rörelser under några dagar. Vi mätte också hur bra tillgång respektive barn hade till gång- och cykelvägar, lekplatser och spelplaner, samt skog och öppna grönytor. Två av studierna baserades på data från folkhälsoenkäter som delar av befolkningen i Skåne i åldern 18-80 år har besvarat. För att bedöma hur människor upplever kvaliteten på sin gröna närmiljö använde vi uppgifter från folkhälsoenkäten från år 2008. Med hjälp av en annan folkhälsoenkät som besvarades av en och samma grupp av människor både år 2000, 2005 och 2010 kunde vi undersöka hur dessa personers självrapporterade allmänna och mentala hälsa förändrades om de flyttade till en plats där den gröna närmiljön var bättre eller sämre än tidigare. Med hjälp av enkäten från år 2008 och en enkät från år 2012 undersökte vi också hur sambandet mellan grön närmiljö och fysisk aktivitet påverkades av huruvida man upplevde sitt bostadsområde som säkert eller inte. Vi har också genomfört en så kallad kvalitativ studie där 16 personer intervjuades om sin gröna närmiljö och fick beskriva hur de använde och upplevde denna.<br/><br/>Vi fann att barn med högre andel lekplatser m.m. i närheten av bostaden också var mer fysiskt aktiva. Vidare såg vi ett svagt samband mellan kvaliteten i den gröna närmiljön och allmänna hälsa, men inte mental hälsa. Den mest gynnsamma effekten på hälsa av att flytta till en plats med ökad grönska fanns bland de människor som hade sämst förutsättningar att ha en god allmän hälsa. Vi såg också att tillgång till en grön närmiljö av god kvalitet främjade fysisk aktivitet, men bara bland personer som också upplevde sitt bostadsområde som säkert. Två av studierna i denna avhandling är så kallade tvärsnittsstudier och kan därför inte användas för att bestämma orsakssamband. Det innebär att det, utifrån dessa studier, inte går att veta om det är den gröna närmiljön i sig som gör människor friskare, eller om friska människor oftare väljer, och har möjlighet, att flytta till grönare miljöer. Sambanden i studierna har justerats för faktorer som ålder, kön, ekonomiska förutsättningar och bostadstyp, men det kan fortfarande finnas andra faktorer som påverkar de samband som vi funnit.<br/><br/>Det finns en mängd olika sätt på vilket den gröna närmiljön har potential att främja hälsa och fysisk aktivitet. Det finns därför ett behov av att ta hänsyn till grön närmiljö från flera perspektiv när man planerar att förtäta städer eller genomföra andra förändringar, för att inte riskera att dessa förändringar får negativa effekter på hälsa och välbefinnande i befolkningen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1c551a21-c983-49c8-8e8f-87c5bc60ff26 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24606116/Thesis_Green_neighbourhood_environments_Hanna_Weimann.pdf application/pdf 14338773 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Green space, Health, Public Health, Epidemiology, Qualitative Research Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-444-7 72 2017-05-19T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:64 1c551a21-c983-49c8-8e8f-87c5bc60ff26 2017-04-27T22:54:09+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:28Z 2017-04-27T22:54:09+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:37f0f3a6-45a9-40a9-8d46-6623c1be7907 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, Avd för obstetrik och gynekologi, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Tony Lavesson author b50fe6a2-9974-4656-bc92-3ed8a23332f4 Per Olofsson supervisor c083cb9c-85f3-4588-998d-64d800a2a1a0 Karin Källén supervisor d65262b8-1926-4126-984d-34d43407c75a MD, DrMedSc Tom Weber opponent Hvidovre Hospital, Danmark Urogynaecology and Reproductive Pharmacology v1000528 department Urogynaecology and Reproductive Pharmacology research group The maternal temperature is normally increasing during delivery. Maternal fever in labor is a common problem.<br/>Such fever could represent a chorioamnionitis (CAM), leading to an increased risk of neonatal encephalopathy and<br/>subsequent cerebral palsy, as well as other complications. There are also noninfectious reasons for elevated<br/>temperature during delivery. There is no fetal heart rate that is specific for incipient or manifest CAM. Maternal<br/>fever in labor increases the risk of cesarean section and assisted vaginal delivery.<br/>The fetal intrapartum temperature has been studied sparsely before. Fetal head heat flux has been found to be<br/>related to the metabolic condition of the fetus. Fetal skin temperature has been found to correlate with changing<br/>temperature and baseline fetal heart rate.<br/>The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the fetal scalp temperature (FST) and maternal axillary<br/>temperature (MAT) during vaginal delivery relative to progression of labor, uterine contractions, epidural analgesia<br/>(EDA), and to construct normal temperature reference ranges related to stage of labor. The purpose was also to<br/>study FST and MAT and the relation to inflammatory response in the placenta. Furthermore, the present thesis<br/>attempted to establish whether paracetamol (acetaminophen) has effect on fetal and maternal temperatures in<br/>labor.<br/>An equipment to continuously record fetal scalp temperature during labor was developed by placing a temperature<br/>sensor in the fetal scalp electrode aimed for fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring. In the first study the equipment was<br/>validated in a fetal lamb model, where the intracranial and subcutaneous temperatures were measured. The<br/>subcutaneous temperature mirrored the intracranial temperature closely, even in a situation of increasing fetal<br/>hypoxia, with the intracranial temperature being higher.<br/>In the following three studies the equipment was used in a total of 307 deliveries at Helsingborg hospital. The<br/>maternal temperature was measured axillary. The development of FST and MAT was examined during normal<br/>labor. The temperatures increased significantly by progression of labor, and significantly more in the presence of<br/>EDA. Reference intervals for maternal temperature were created. Changes of the FST were not seen during<br/>uterine contractions.<br/>The relation between temperature and histological inflammatory changes was studied. There was a significant<br/>relation between inflammatory changes in the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic membranes, and maximum<br/>FST and MAT. Women with EDA had significantly more often inflammatory changes.<br/>Paracetamol is the only safe pharmacological choice to try to lower body temperature during delivery. The aim of<br/>the last study was to investigate the effect of paracetamol on maternal and fetal temperatures when given to febrile<br/>parturients. Neither maternal nor fetal temperatures decreased after paracetamol. However, paracetamol halted an<br/>increasing trend and stabilized the fetal temperature, i.e. it has an anti-pyretic effect. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/37f0f3a6-45a9-40a9-8d46-6623c1be7907 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24606586/e_spik_PDF_Tony.pdf application/pdf 3552562 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Maternal, fetal, temperature, fever, pyrexia, labor, uterine contractions, delivery, chorioamnionitis, epidural Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-465-2 72 2017-05-24T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:85 37f0f3a6-45a9-40a9-8d46-6623c1be7907 2017-04-28T01:06:37+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z 2017-04-28T01:06:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6f68b161-c24d-49d4-a77b-7558f70f5d6e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC, Klinikgatan 32, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Kishore Jagadeesan author 3e3eb4fe-1918-4d9c-b479-9ca1ceb06a6a Thomas Laurell supervisor 6358a44f-2b31-414d-8982-755aa949feff Simon Ekström supervisor 6cb4336c-49fa-483e-9334-f8a01625f896 Professor Frantisek Foret opponent Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Division for Biomedical Engineering v1000202 department Robust affinity materials for applications in proteomics and diagnostics project In biomarker analysis, sample preparation plays a crucial step in order to extract, isolate and concentrate the analytes of interest. Among the various sample preparation techniques, solid phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most common and popular, due to the high enrichment factor, good recovery, low consumption of organic solvents and the possibility to automate (off- or on-line) the whole process. Over the years, a wide variety of sorbents and affinity phases have been developed and used in SPE. Optimization of a SPE sample preparation step is essential for high sensitivity detection, as well as analysis robustness and reproducibility. However, the process of optimizing the SPE sample preparation in the present commercially available formats can be quite time consuming and expensive, due to the large amounts of SPE phase required and limited options for use of different materials in commercially available configurations. <br/>In Paper I, we have applied our micro fabricated SPE sample preparation platform, the Integrated Selective Enrichment Target, (ISET) that interfaces directly with MALDI mass spectrometry for a rapid and parallel investigation of the SPE process using minute amounts of sample. In Paper II, we utilized the 384-well filter plate format for an automated, high-throughput SPE screening method. Compared with the ISET, the 384-well filter plate format provides advantages such as increased bed volume, and thus a larger binding capacity (needed to enable use of low-affinity materials), and can be used with analysis techniques other than matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), for example, liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC ESI-MS). However, the developed high-throughput SPE MS optimization platforms generate huge datasets. To handle these huge datasets, MALDIViz, a comprehensive informatics tool for MALDI HTS data that facilitate visualization, statistical analysis, and high quality image and data export was developed in Paper III. In addition to the miniaturized platforms, a conventional cartridge based investigation of custom made SPE materials was undertaken for, SPE of<br/>phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a phospholipid biomarker for alcohol consumption (Paper IV). In Paper V, a newly prepared molecularly imprinted polymer in the form of microgel (MIP MG) stabilized Pickering emulsions (PEs) was investigated for the ability to catalyse the formation of disulphide bonds in peptides at an Oil/Water interface. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6f68b161-c24d-49d4-a77b-7558f70f5d6e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24640908/KishoreKJ_Thesisfinal.pdf application/pdf 21370546 no Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund university 2017-04-28 eng mass spectromery protein separation sample preparation Molecularly imprinted polymer Data analysis Data visualization Miniaturisation Proteomics Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-518-1 978-91-7422-519-8 135 2017-05-23T09:15:00+02:00 6f68b161-c24d-49d4-a77b-7558f70f5d6e 2017-04-28T09:29:33+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-28T09:29:33+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:076b2f13-acff-4bc5-9f27-f63e686345b4 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, Patologihuset, Jan Waldenströmsgata 59, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Magnus Paulsson author 8bff4170-a302-4f50-9646-6b5da46ea8d4 Kristian Riesbeck supervisor 54a4577c-94e9-46a1-bc78-5e3346004ebb Fredrik Resman supervisor de728cf7-a86e-4383-b1aa-ac335e35dcf3 associate professor Peter Bergman opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Clinical Microbiology, Malmö v1000576 department Clinical Microbiology, Malmö research group The Extracellular Matrix in Patients with CF or COPD as a Basis for Novel Therapeutical Opportunities project <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic bacterium that causes debilitating infections when the immune defence is compromised. It possesses an arsenal of virulence traits to colonize most compartments of the body and is often highly resistant against commonly used antimicrobial drugs.<br/>Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spheres released from Gram-negative bacteria. They are packed with proteins, including beta-lactamase. By exploring OMV from a pathogen related to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>) we discovered that beta-lactamase inside OMV was protected from neutralization by IgG and could protect bacteria from amoxicillin.<br/>Many pathogens avoid killing by the complement system by capturing complement regulators at their bacterial surface. We found that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> from the airways bound more vitronectin than other clinical isolates. By using a proteomic approach, we identified vitronectin-binding adhesins and found that <i>Pseudomonas</i> uses Porin D to capture vitronectin on its surface.<br/>To investigate the <i>in vivo</i> importance of vitronectin-binding, we analysed vitronectin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Patients with pneumonia had significantly higher concentrations than control subjects. This vitronectin increase was confirmed by pulmonary exposure of endotoxins to healthy volunteers. We also found that bacteria could capture vitronectin from BALF and subsequently survive challenge with serum. Immunocytochemistry indicated that epithelial cells produced vitronectin. This production was confirmed <i>in vitro</i> and was triggered by OMV-dependent stimulation of epithelial cells.<br/>Finally, after collecting data on bacteraemic <i>P. aeruginosa</i> episodes, we investigated the effect of comorbidities, treatment, and microbiological characteristics on the outcome of bacteraemia. The choice of treatment was critical, particularly choosing a combination-treatment including ciprofloxacin was beneficial. Moreover, respiratory origin of the infection correlated to high mortality, indicating that compartment-specific factors impacted the outcome.<br/>In conclusion, interactions between the host and bacteria are multifaceted and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> utilizes outer membrane proteins and vesicles to protect against the attacks of the human immune system. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/076b2f13-acff-4bc5-9f27-f63e686345b4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24642028/131462_3_G5_Magnus_P.pdf application/pdf 8675439 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Pseudomonas aeruginosa vitronectin Respiratory tract infections Innate Immunity outer membrane vesicles outer membrane proteins beta-lactamase ciprofloxacin combination treatment bacteraemia Complement escape Microbiology in the Medical Area 978-91-7619-451-5 84 2017-05-24T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:71 076b2f13-acff-4bc5-9f27-f63e686345b4 2017-04-28T11:16:59+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z 2017-04-28T11:16:59+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3b9a6edd-bc73-4c1c-bf51-d9bda5562ba7 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published GK-salen, BMC, Sölvegatan 19, Lund 1 Fredrik Sundén author e40cecd7-e4ed-4497-bd3d-1e15900f3e91 Björn Wullt supervisor 1872b253-23e4-4506-8f79-5fb3e2641cad Stig Colleen supervisor c5e93b59-b2f6-49ed-9e57-f5c3dc953043 Gabriela Godaly supervisor 691d5b27-b868-4745-8b51-d8fbe922947d associate professor Hans Hedelin opponent Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborg Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg v1000433 department Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund v1000428 department Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in humans, with a subset of sus- ceptible individuals who experience recurrent episodes. e increase in antibiotic resistance in gram-negative uropathogens, due to antibiotic overuse, is a strong rationale for developing therapeutic alternatives and to improve diagnostics. In patients with incomplete bladder emptying (e.g. due to spinal lesions and in institutionalized older patients) asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is frequent. In these patient groups diagnosis of UTI is obscured by subjective symptoms being difficult to interpret, and by the already positive urine culture. As ABU is known to be protective against symptomatic episodes, unnecessary treatment should be avoided, and the identification of objective biomarkers to support treatment decision of a suspected UTI episode is thus much needed.<br/> This thesis investigated if the same protective capacity as in spontaneously developed ABU could be induced in patients subjected to deliberate inoculation with the ABU strain E. coli 83972, and analyzed the variation of local host responses in patients with E. coli 83972 ABU and its possible genetic background, the role of the local inflammatory mediator Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its correlation to symptom severity in UTI, and if IL-6 could be used as a diag- nostic tool in treatment decision of UTI.<br/> The results demonstrate that E. coli 83972 bacteriuria protects against symptomatic episodes in UTI prone individuals. This was shown in a placebo controlled inoculation study with cross-over design by demonstrating longer time to recurrences and fewer UTI episodes during E. coli 83972 bacteriuria as compared with control periods (Paper 1). In patients with long term E. coli 83972 ABU the level of mucosal host response to the standardized bacterial challenge demonstrates unique interindividual specific variation. Genetic analysis suggests this to depend on polymorphisms in specific genes coding for innate immunity (Paper II). Urinary concentrations of IL-6 correlate to symptom severity in UTI, and seem to be the superior biomarker for ABU/UTI differential diagnosis. This was demonstrated by analysis of symptom scoring in patients during long term E. coli 83972 ABU and during UTI episodes in the same patients. Furthermore, diagnostic thresholds for IL-6 in differentiating ABU/UTI were analyzed. (Paper III). The use of IL-6 as an added tool in ABU/UTI differential diagnosis was shown to be feasible in a nursing home setting, and reduced together with an educational intervention antibiotic prescription for UTI in a two phase interventional trial (Paper IV). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in humans, with a subset of susceptible individuals who experience recurrent episodes. The increase in antibiotic resistance in gram-negative uropathogens, due to antibiotic overuse, is a strong rationale for developing therapeutic alternatives and to improve diagnostics. In patients with incomplete bladder emptying (e.g. due to spinal lesions and in institutionalized older patients) asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is frequent. In these patient groups diagnosis of UTI is obscured by subjective symptoms being difficult to interpret, and by the already positive urine culture. As ABU is known to be protective against symptomatic episodes, unnecessary treatment should be avoided, and the identification of objective biomarkers to support treatment decision of a suspected UTI episode is thus much needed.<br/> This thesis investigated if the same protective capacity as in spontaneously developed ABU could be induced in patients subjected to deliberate inoculation with the ABU strain E. coli 83972, and analyzed the variation of local host responses in patients with E. coli 83972 ABU and its possible genetic background, the role of the local inflammatory mediator Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its correlation to symptom severity in UTI, and if IL-6 could be used as a diag- nostic tool in treatment decision of UTI. The results demonstrate that E. coli 83972 bacteriuria protects against symptomatic episodes in UTI prone indi- viduals. This was shown in a placebo controlled inoculation study with cross-over design by demonstrating longer time to recurrences and fewer UTI episodes during E. coli 83972 bacteriuria as compared with control periods (Paper 1). In patients with long term E. coli 83972 ABU the level of mucosal host response to the standardized bacterial challenge demonstrates unique interindividual specific variation. Genetic analysis suggests this to depend on polymorphisms in specific genes coding for innate immunity (Paper II). Urinary concentrations of IL-6 correlate to symptom severity in UTI, and seem to be the superior biomarker for ABU/UTI differential diagnosis. This was demonstrated by analysis of symptom scoring in patients during long term E. coli 83972 ABU and during UTI episodes in the same patients. Furthermore, diagnostic thresholds for IL-6 in differentiating ABU/UTI were analyzed. (Paper III). The use of IL-6 as an added tool in ABU/UTI differential diagnosis was shown to be feasible in a nursing home setting, and reduced together with an educational intervention antibiotic prescription for UTI in a two phase interventional trial (Paper IV). https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3b9a6edd-bc73-4c1c-bf51-d9bda5562ba7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25149523/Fredrik_Sund_n_Webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 1011762 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Clinical Medicine 978-91-7619-464-5 64 2017-05-23T08:30:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:84 3b9a6edd-bc73-4c1c-bf51-d9bda5562ba7 2017-04-29T18:57:35+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z 2017-04-29T18:57:35+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:581e7838-4cf1-45fd-9c4c-d71f099482d9 2025-09-05T00:23:43Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published E:1406, E-huset, John Ericssons väg 4, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Maj Stenmark author cfdec804-f2f9-4ee2-b9aa-c9763d7dbc83 Jacek Malec supervisor 4853ac31-2ead-4ff5-87e9-5af05ef2140c Elin Anna Topp supervisor 96825d62-e4c7-4b16-86ad-9428cf54a6b2 Mathias Haage supervisor e0937767-1b51-4d07-b493-ab3459940f9e Dr Maya Cakmak opponent University of Washington, USA Department of Computer Science v1000234 department Robotics and Semantic Systems v1001420 department With more advanced manufacturing technologies, small and medium sized enterprises can compete with low-wage labor by providing customized and high quality products. For small production series, robotic systems can provide a cost-effective solution. However, for robots to be able to perform on par with human workers in manufacturing industries, they must become flexible and autonomous in their task execution and swift and easy to instruct. This will enable small businesses with short production series or highly customized products to use robot coworkers without consulting expert robot programmers. The objective of this thesis is to explore programming solutions that can reduce the programming effort of sensor-controlled robot tasks. The robot motions are expressed using constraints, and multiple of simple constrained motions can be combined into a robot skill. The skill can be stored in a knowledge base together with a semantic description, which enables reuse and reasoning. The main contributions of the thesis are 1) development of ontologies for knowledge about robot devices and skills, 2) a user interface that provides simple programming of dual-arm skills for non-experts and experts, 3) a programming interface for task descriptions in unstructured natural language in a user-specified vocabulary and 4) an implementation where low-level code is generated from the high-level descriptions. The resulting system greatly reduces the number of parameters exposed to the user, is simple to use for non-experts and reduces the programming time for experts by 80%. The representation is described on a semantic level, which means that the same skill can be used on different robot platforms. The research is presented in seven papers, the first describing the knowledge representation and the second the knowledge-based architecture that enables skill sharing between robots. The third paper presents the translation from high-level instructions to low-level code for force-controlled motions. The two following papers evaluate the simplified programming prototype for non-expert and expert users. The last two present how program statements are extracted from unstructured natural language descriptions. With more advanced manufacturing technologies, small and medium sized enterprises can compete with low-wage labor by providing customized and high quality products. For small production series, robotic systems can provide a cost-effective solution. However, for robots to be able to perform on par with human workers in manufacturing industries, they must become flexible and autonomous in their task execution and swift and easy to instruct. is will enable small businesses with short production series or highly customized products to use robot coworkers without consulting expert robot programmers. e objective of this thesis is to explore programming solutions that can reduce the programming effort of sensor-controlled robot tasks. e robot motions are expressed using constraints, and multiple of simple constrained motions can be combined into a robot skill. e skill can be stored in a knowledge base together with a semantic description, which enables reuse and reasoning. e main contribu- tions of the thesis are 1) development of ontologies for knowledge about robot devices and skills, 2) a user interface that provides simple programming of dual-arm skills for non-experts and experts, 3) a programming interface for task descriptions in unstructured natural language in a user-specified vocabulary and 4) an implementation where low-level code is generated from the high-level descriptions. e resulting system greatly reduces the number of parameters exposed to the user, is simple to use for non-experts and reduces the programming time for experts by 80%. e representation is described on a semantic level, which means that the same skill can be used on different robot platforms. e research is presented in seven papers, the first describing the knowledge representation and the second the knowledge-based architecture that enables skill sharing between robots. e third paper presents the translation from high-level instructions to low-level code for force-controlled motions. e two following papers evaluate the simplified programming prototype for non-expert and expert users. e last two present how program statements are extracted from unstructured natural language descriptions. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/581e7838-4cf1-45fd-9c4c-d71f099482d9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24801702/espik.pdf application/pdf 57358270 no Department of Computer Science, Lund University 2017-05-02 eng robot skills, high-level programming, industrial robot, human-robot interaction, natural language, knowledge representation Computer Sciences 978-91-7753-297-2 978-91-7753-298-9 232 2017-05-29T10:15:00+02:00 581e7838-4cf1-45fd-9c4c-d71f099482d9 2017-05-02T12:00:42+02:00 2025-09-05T00:23:43Z 2017-05-02T12:00:42+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:02d3bc28-db53-44d1-9f81-0a089faa53b0 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal, vån 3, Klinikgatan 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Ingrid Kristensen author 175f1e02-c468-4e25-8caa-e8a2b6d1c7f2 Per Nilsson supervisor 9d75549c-2fe9-4d87-84f4-cda58255b8ac Tommy Knoos supervisor 3070cc71-53d4-4be1-9e19-cc63edcee586 Kristina Nilsson supervisor associate professor Michelle Leech opponent Trinity College, Dublin, Irland Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/02d3bc28-db53-44d1-9f81-0a089faa53b0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24799106/Paediatric_radiotherapy_treatment_planning_aspects.pdf application/pdf 2588505 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng paediatric radiotherapy telemedicine inter-observer variation target delineation treatment planning proton therapy Medical and Health Sciences Cancer and Oncology 978-91-7619-449-2 56 2017-05-22T14:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:69 02d3bc28-db53-44d1-9f81-0a089faa53b0 2017-05-02T14:29:38+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z 2017-05-02T14:29:38+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:61aa2965-94f1-486a-aaed-aa2ee5712d41 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published K:B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 4, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Adnan Kadic author ba8f2502-e140-445f-98d9-f03b3e4b225c Gunnar Lidén supervisor f0dbe1ea-ddfe-4899-8af4-bacfea1801c7 Associate professor Tina Jeoh opponent University of California, Davis, USA Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and chemicals can help replace fossil resources and decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis is focused on the effects of mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. Two different types of biomass were studied: softwood (Norway spruce and Scots pine), and the energy grass giant reed. Before enzymatic hydrolysis, the biomass was pretreated by either steam or sulfite pretreatment. The first part of the work concerns the connection between particle morphology and rheology of pretreated biomass, how such properties change during the course of enzymatic hydrolysis, and how the changes are influenced by reactor mixing. The second part examines the effects of mixing in stirred tank reactors on the enzymatic hydrolysis of different pretreated materials, and also attempts to explain the mechanisms behind the observed phenomena.<br/>The particle size reduction during enzymatic hydrolysis of steam pretreated spruce was primarily driven by reactor agitation. In the case of steam pretreated giant reed the particle size was mainly reduced by enzymatic hydrolysis. The rapid reduction in particle size of giant reed coincided with a rapid liquefaction. For steam pretreated softwood, the viscosity in fact increased at the beginning of enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by a gradual decrease during the remainder of the hydrolysis. This interesting phenomenon was in part linked to the type of pretreatment used on the softwood biomass. In contrast to steam pretreated softwood, the viscosity of sulfite pretreated spruce decreased rapidly during enzymatic hydrolysis. Efficient viscosity reduction in sulfite pretreated spruce was also achieved with very low doses of pure endoglucanase enzymes (0.1 mg protein per g glucan) without significant glucose release.<br/>The effect of mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis was in part determined by the viscosity of the pretreated biomass. For steam pretreated spruce at low solid loading, decreasing the agitation rate had little effect on the the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, if the viscosity was increased by the addition of a thickening agent, the effect of agitation was much larger. For a substrate that underwent rapid initial viscosity reduction, such as steam pretreated giant reed, the enzymatic hydrolysis was almost independent of agitation rate. Another important factor determining the effect of mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis was the level of product inhibition. If the glucose and cellobiose concentrations were high, as during high solid hydrolysis of steam pretreated spruce, low agitation rate had a large negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, if the product concentration was kept low, as during SSF, the effect of agitation was much weaker. Overall, the results indicate that the decrease in hydrolysis rate occurred due to increased local product inhibition, caused by mass transfer limitations in the stagnant zones, formed in the reactor volume when under low intensity mixing. The rate of enzymatic hydrolysis appeared to be determined by flow regime, i.e. Reynolds number, rather than specific mixing power input. This implies that the negative effects of low agitation rate will be less of a problem in larger reactors. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/61aa2965-94f1-486a-aaed-aa2ee5712d41 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25199689/Spikfil.pdf application/pdf 4923724 no 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2017-05-11 eng softwood spruce enzymatic hydrolysis mixing viscosity Chemical Engineering 978-91-7422-527-3 978-91-7422-528-0 130 2017-06-13T09:15:00+02:00 61aa2965-94f1-486a-aaed-aa2ee5712d41 2017-05-11T19:53:10+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-11T19:53:10+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1033975a-5c42-4ef5-9576-c88d7be6516b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Erika Hansson author 9f1bc22a-b966-4cf8-86ba-47ae313a933c Per Johnsson supervisor 64ff2b82-7519-4f59-918d-182a5dc358d4 Daiva Daukantaité supervisor 2902ab82-80c2-430b-99fe-12e293a5a4cd Professor Øyvind Rø opponent Oslo universitetssykehus HF Department of Psychology v1000681 department The path to an eating disorder (ED) always leads through a borderland, which, in this thesis, is referred to as disordered eating (DE) (Neumark-Sztainer, Wall, Eisenberg, Story, &amp; Hannan, 2006; Waaddegaard, Thoning, &amp; Petersson, 2003). In this borderland, people tend to make unhealthy eating choices, such as greatly reducing their food intake, self-inducing vomiting, or engaging in binge eating, but not to the extent that they would receive an ED diagnosis. Nevertheless, DE can have a strong negative effect on psychological health. Approximately 15%–52% of all adolescents, depending on the gender and the study’s focus, are found within the borderland between a healthy diet accompanied by psychological well-being and full-blown ED (e.g. Hautala et al., 2011; Herpertz-Dahlmann et al., 2008). While most of these individuals return to a more or less healthy diet after engaging in DE for some time, others continue to engage in DE and also tend to have trouble regulating their emotions, depression, and low self-esteem. For these reasons, DE itself, apart from being a springboard to EDs, is well worth exploring.<br> At the outset of this thesis, an instrument assessing DE among 1265 adolescents (54.5% girls) was validated. This easily administered questionnaire, referred to by the acronym SCOFF (Morgan, Reid, &amp; Lacey, 1999), comprises five questions assessing possible eating disturbances that are all answered using a “yes”/“no” answer format. The results showed that more girls than boys suffered from DE, and that girls also suffered from more severe DE, which is in line with previous research (e.g. Hautala et al., 2008). Additionally, this assessment of the SCOFF gave rise to the question of whether a positive answer on only certain items (instead of the stipulated cut-off of two) is necessary for indicating the possible presence of DE among adolescents, such as the item assessing whether individuals had ever vomited because they felt uncomfortably full.<br> To further explore DE among adolescents, a person-oriented approach to identify specific patterns of DE based on the subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (restraint, eating, weight, and shape concerns) was used. There were six different DE patterns for both boys and girls. The associations of these patterns with emotion dysregulation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem, which all are related to DE (e.g. Shea &amp; Pritchard, 2007; Svaldi, Griepenstroh, Tuschen-Caffier, &amp; Ehring, 2012), were also assessed. Four of the six girl clusters and five of the six boy clusters showed scores above the cut-off for a clinical ED on at least one of the four indicators. Furthermore, although the “non-problematic” pattern was substantial, including 50% and 76% of girls and boys, respectively, a large portion of adolescents were part of clusters reporting generally high levels of DE. This might partly have to do with my use of an overly permissive cut-off, but nevertheless indicates that a considerable amount of adolescents suffer from DE. Generally, individuals in the DE patterns showed worse emotion regulation, depressive thoughts, and self-esteem than did those in the “non-problematic” patterns. However, some exceptions were found, which emphasizes the utility of analyzing different patterns of DE, not merely severity. Specifically, both girls and boys belonging to the pattern characterized by scores well above the cut-off on shape and weight concerns reported the lowest levels of self-esteem. Moreover, girls and boys in the pattern with scores above the cut-off on restraint showed good emotion regulation skills, few depressive symptoms, and high self-esteem.<br> In Study III, the possible links between adolescents’ and parents’ possible DE and emotion dysregulation were explored, alongside the possible impact of shared family meals on DE. This study further examined whether it is possible to predict DE among adolescents according to their parents’ behaviors. Both DE and emotion dysregulation were found to be more frequent among adolescents than among parents. Furthermore, both adolescents and parents showed weak but significant associations between DE and emotion dysregulation, and showed similarities regarding specific aspects of emotion regulation, although the associations were gender specific. For example, parental emotional strategies were associated with girls’ emotional strategies, impulse control, and emotional goals, but only with boys’ emotional strategies. The only factor that was (weakly) associated with DE and emotion regulation among adolescents was the number of dinners that they shared with the family. Additionally, parental ED was the only predictor of current adolescent DE.<br> In summary, the results of this thesis showed that many adolescents, especially girls, suffer from DE as well as poor emotional regulation, depressive thoughts, and low self-esteem. This is a problem, especially given that existing instruments for evaluating DE do not seem optimal, especially for boys. For instance, answering “yes” to the question of ever having engaged in self-induced vomiting because you have felt too full is probably best followed by a visit to the school nurse. Furthermore, the results indicated the importance of viewing DE not as a singular problem, but as a collection of different problems, even among individuals of the same gender. These differences call for different strategies aimed at helping adolescents achieve a healthier diet. Finally, while the parental influence of DE was significant, more research is required, preferably in a Swedish or Nordic context, where parental responsibility is not as heavily reliant on the mother as in other countries. Vägen till en ätstörning, som exempelvis anorexia nervosa eller hetsätningsstörning leder alltid förbi ett gränsland där energiintaget stegvis förändras. Kanske stoppar man i sig aningen mindre mat på måndagen än man gjorde på söndagen och på tisdagen lite mindre än på måndagen. Eller kanske man frivilligt stoppar fingrarna i halsen någon gång när man känner att man har ätit för mycket.<br> Detta gränsland kan benämnas störda ätbeteenden (disordered eating; DE) (Neumark- Sztainer, Wall, Eisenberg, Story, &amp; Hannan, 2006; Waaddegaard, Thoning, &amp; Petersson, 2003) och här vistas många ungdomar (Hautala et al., 2011; Herpertz- Dahlmann et al., 2008). De flesta tar sig därifrån efter en tid medan andra kanske lever ett helt liv i detta gränsland där inte bara energiintaget regerar, utan där individen ofta även upplever svårigheter med att reglera sina känslor, sina depressiva tankar och sin låga självkänsla. Gränslandet är därför, helt bortsett från att ibland vara språngbrädan till en ätstörningssjukdom, väl värt att undersöka för sin egen del. Av denna anledning genomfördes tre studier av sammanlagt 1265 ungdomar (54,5 % flickor), dels i syfte att undersöka förekomsten av DE, men även för att ytterligare klargöra sambanden mellan DE, emotionsreglering, depression och låg självkänsla.<br> I studie I utvärderades ett kortfattat instrument, kallat SCOFF (Morgan, Reid, &amp; Lacey, 1999), som ofta används för att bedöma DE. Namnet SCOFF baseras på en akronym bestående av de springande punkterna i fem frågor rörande viktnedgång och tankar kring mat som ska besvaras med ”ja” eller ”nej”. I den första studien kartlades även hur många av ungdomarna som uppvisade någon form av DE. Det visade sig att fler flickor än pojkar hade bekymmer med DE, och dessutom i högre grad, vilket är i linje med tidigare forskning (t.ex. Hautala et al., 2008). Den inledande studien väckte även ett antal frågor rörande SCOFFs användbarhet i ungdomspopulationer som exempelvis huruvida SCOFF verkligen är en bra metod för att mäta DE och ifall endast ett ”ja”-svar (istället för två) ibland borde leda till fortsatt utvärdering om förekomsten av DE, som exempelvis påståendet om man någonsin framkallat kräkningar för att man känt att man ätit för mycket.<br> Bedömningen av ätstörningsproblematik bör, enligt vissa forskare, ske med hjälp av en kontinuerlig skala där man tar hänsyn till sjukdomsgrad, medan andra argumenterar för att ätstörningsproblematik skall bedömas kategoriskt, genom en uppdelning i olika sjukdomsklassificeringar (Williamson, Gleaves, &amp; Stewart, 2005). Oavsett<br> <br> tillvägagångssätt tycks varken kontinuerliga eller kategoriska modeller fånga hela ätstörningsspektrat (Williamson et al., 2005) och av denna anledning genomfördes en personorienterad analys i studie II. DE bedömdes genom en klusteranalys baserad på subskalorna tillhörande Eating Disorders Examinations Questionnaire (EDE-Q); återhållsamhet, samt bekymmer med ätandet, vikten respektive figuren. De olika grupper som formades baserat på dessa skalor relaterades sedan till förmågan till emotionsreglering, nivå av depressiva tankar och självkänsla. Fyra av sex flickgrupper (50 %) och fem av sex pojkgrupper (24 %) uppvisade poäng som låg över gränsvärdet för en ätstörning. Siffrorna pekar på en generellt hög nivå av DE vilket delvis skulle kunna ha att göra med en alltför tillåtande poäng för att avgränsa en ätstörning från DE. Likväl tyder de på en omfattande allmän problematik. De grupper som uppvisade olika former av DE hade generellt även problem med emotionsreglering, depressiva tankar och låg självkänsla även om vissa undantag fanns. Lägst självkänsla återfanns hos en grupp flickor och en grupp pojkar som båda hade poäng långt över gränsvärdena gällande figur- och viktbekymmer. Detta resultat är i linje med tidigare forskning som visat att en överdriven uppfattning om figur och vikt är starkt relaterat till låg självkänsla (Dunkley &amp; Grilo, 2007). Ett något oväntat fynd var en grupp flickor och en grupp pojkar som båda hade höga poäng på återhållsamhet (restraint) men vars resultat ändå tydde på god emotionsregleringskompetens, fåtalet depressiva symptom och en god självkänsla.<br> I den tredje studien undersöktes eventuella samband mellan barns och föräldrars DE och emotionsreglering samt gemensamma måltider i familjens inverkan på barns DE. Därtill undersöktes även huruvida någon del av föräldrarnas beteende skulle kunna användas för att förutsäga sannolikheten för DE hos barnen. Resultaten i den tredje studien visade att DE är ett större problem i ungdomsåren än hos vuxna vilket påvisats tidigare (t.ex. Neumark-Sztainer, 2005; Büyükgöze‐Kavas, 2007). Vidare visade både ungdomarna och föräldrarna en svag association mellan DE och emotionsreglering.Gällande emotionsreglering så fanns det vissa likheter mellan föräldrarna och barnen, men de såg lite olika ut beroende på barnets kön. Till exempel var föräldrarnas emotionsregleringsstrategier associerade till flickornas emotionsregleringsstrategier, impulskontroll och känslomässiga mål, men endast till pojkarnas emotionsregleringsstrategier. Endast det familjegemensamma middagsmålet var relaterat till barnens DE och emotionsreglering, och slutligen visade studie III att förekomsten av en ätstörning hos föräldern var det enda som ökade sannolikheten för DE hos barnet.<br> Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten att många ungdomar, framför allt flickor, men även pojkar, lider av DE och även att DE är associerat med sämre emotionsreglering, fler depressiva tankar och en lägre självkänsla. Det visade sig också att de instrument som idag finns att tillgå sannolikt inte är optimala för att utvärdera förekomsten av DE. Som ett exempel på detta är det tveksamt om det verkligen kan vara okej att svara ”ja” på frågan om man någonsin framkallat kräkningar för att man känt sig obekvämt mätt utan att detta leder till ett besök hos skolhälsovården. Resultaten visade också på vikten av att inte se DE som ett tillstånd utan det finns stora skillnader i problematik även mellan olika grupper av samma kön. Dessa skillnader kan vara betydande vid utformandet av olika strategier för att kunna hjälpa ungdomarna.<br> Föräldrarnas roll i DE visade sig också vara av betydelse men mer forskning krävs, gärna i en specifikt svensk, eller åtminstone nordisk kontext där föräldraansvaret är jämnare fördelat än i de flesta andra länder. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1033975a-5c42-4ef5-9576-c88d7be6516b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25235263/Erika_H_HELA_med_omslag.pdf application/pdf 4563608 no Lund University 2017 eng Disordered eating emotion dysregulation depression self-esteem SCOFF parental associations Psychology 978-91-7753-327-6 978-91-7753-328-3 123 2017-06-15T13:00:00+02:00 1033975a-5c42-4ef5-9576-c88d7be6516b 2017-05-12T09:08:12+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-12T09:08:12+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:76c5c204-8e83-4637-bb6d-63b010cac463 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal 1, Blocket, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Per Arvidsson author 760b0184-d4ad-473e-85ef-c861c0ed08a3 Håkan Arheden supervisor cbd2682b-0bb3-4167-9aa6-ce4c3e58f46f Marcus Carlsson supervisor d63f9457-377d-47fe-bd89-aa272b6d0480 Dr Philip J Kilner opponent London Clinical Physiology (Lund) v1000467 department Lund Cardiac MR Group v1001127 department Lund Cardiac MR Group research group Magnetic resonance imaging enables detailed in vivo study of complex flow through 3D, time-resolved phase contrast imaging (4D flow). 4D flow may reveal previously unknown aspects of the physiology of intracardiac blood flow, and possibly elucidate pathophysiological processes that have yet to manifest themselves outside the heart.<br/>The purpose of this thesis is to examine the physiological role of intracardiac flow phenomena, in order to better understand the normal function of the heart and provide a backdrop against which future studies into disease processes can be compared. The thesis consists of four studies with the following aims:<br/>I) to quantify atrial blood kinetic energy (KE),<br/>II) to evaluate the relationship between left ventricular vortex ring formation and myocardial motion,<br/>III) to quantify the hemodynamic force exchange between blood and myocardium in both ventricles, and<br/>IV) to compare hemodynamic forces in dyssynchronous, failing left ventricles with normal findings.<br/>Study I revealed significant differences between left and right atrial KE. Systolic KE was determined to a large extent by atrial volume and the systolic velocity of the atrioventricular plane, which differs between the left and right sides of the heart. Diastolic KE increased more in the left atrium, likely reflecting suction-initiated filling driven by left ventricular recoil. Rotational blood flow KE decay was slower than non-rotational KE decay, indicating a potential enhancement of cardiac function through energy preserving macroscopic flow structures.<br/>Study II demonstrated a strong spatiotemporal coupling between the vortex ring boundary and the endocardial boundary, suggesting that the normal development of the left ventricle is guided by the shear layer generated by the vortex ring. The coupling may act as a dynamic optimization mechanism to facilitate fluid transport at varying levels of cardiac output. In contrast, failing ventricles show no connection between the vortex ring and endocardium, suggesting that the adaptive coupling of the myocardium to the shear layer is disrupted.<br/>Studies III and IV demonstrated that biventricular hemodynamic forces are similar between healthy hearts regardless of size, and reflect fundamental aspects of flow redirection; this homogenous appearance is significantly altered in heart failure. The findings elucidate a previously unknown ’slingshot’ force that appears to result from contraction of the septum and RV free wall. In left ventricular dyssynchrony, several different hemodynamic force patterns were seen, which could indicate different degrees of detrimental effects on myocardial function and hence predispose to varying treatment response.<br/>Together, the findings in the thesis have advanced the knowledge on intracardiac flow at rest. To further validate their physiological importance, it is necessary to evaluate intracardiac flow during physical exercise. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/76c5c204-8e83-4637-bb6d-63b010cac463 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25554253/thesis_physiological_aspects_final.pdf application/pdf 36828392 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng magnetic resonance imaging 4D flow physiology cardiac development kinetic energy hemodynamic force vortex ring formation Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease 978-91-7619-484-3 978-91-7623-979-7 97 2017-06-03T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:104 76c5c204-8e83-4637-bb6d-63b010cac463 2017-05-12T13:56:45+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z 2017-05-12T13:56:45+02:00

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theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Sara Bertilsson author 415b9e0c-9627-49e1-95eb-5b0f10a95714 Evangelos Kalaitzakis supervisor 0325d043-d93a-4b43-98aa-52dd9f6f02d8 Anders C Håkansson supervisor 747a91e6-06ba-4b96-9478-25360068a14a Per Swärd supervisor d51fbf87-f089-452b-ba34-95e28e5c4702 Professor Asbjørn Mohr Drewes opponent Aalborg University Hospital Medicine/Emergency Medicine, Lund v1000435 department Gastro v1000986 department Health promotion in nursing care v1000420 department Clinical addiction research unit v1001039 department Gastro research group Health promotion in nursing care research group Clinical addiction research unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bff07e9a-83c7-49a8-91e4-c4e0627745b7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25411526/Avhandling.pdf application/pdf 2598669 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 swe acute pancreatitis recurrent acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis microproteinuria Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-461-4 93 2017-06-01T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:81 bff07e9a-83c7-49a8-91e4-c4e0627745b7 2017-05-14T17:54:31+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z 2017-05-14T17:54:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:69a48ec5-d26d-4cd1-ba32-b8393ca5d3c0 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg lecture hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Sara Blomberg author f7ad5514-1dda-4a44-be03-dcf13503a063 Edvin Lundgren supervisor d75ed37d-b68f-4ae2-b806-9a40698cb676 Johan Gustafson supervisor 554b8391-6a73-499b-bbd2-b3fd60144165 Prof. Dr. Peter Varga opponent Technische Universität Wien, Austria Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department This thesis reports on in situ structural studies relevant to a catalytic surface during CO oxidation. The materials that have been studied are palladium, rhodium and an alloy of palladium and silver, with applications in emission cleaning by catalytic converters in vehicles. The studies are performed in situ allowing for observation of the gassurface interaction, which is essential when active catalysts are studied. Due to the vital role of the gas interaction for the surface structure, the gas phase in the vicinity of the catalytically active surface has also been studied in detail with spatial resolution using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence, PLIF.<br/>In this thesis, the CO oxidation reaction has been investigated by a step-by-step approach where the oxidation and reduction of the surfaces have first been studied separately. The systematic in situ oxidation studies at high pressure<br/>(up to 1 mbar) of the Pd, Rh and Pd75Ag25 provide information about oxide growth and the chemical composition of oxide structures that may be present during CO oxidation. To achieve a better understanding of the CO oxidation<br/>reaction, the gas distribution over the surface has been studied. The results show that the pressure, gas flow and the reaction itself determine the gas phase interacting with the surface, which influences the surface structure. At high<br/>gas flow and pressure, a boundary layer is formed in the mass transfer limited regime of CO oxidation, in which the gas composition is completely different from the gas composition measured by the mass spectrometer at the outlet<br/>of the reactor. If the conditions are oxygen rich, the CO concentration close to the surface, in this regime, is low. Nevertheless, a metallic Pd and Rh surface covered with chemisorbed oxygen is detected in a 1:1 ratio of CO and O2 at total pressures up to 1 mbar. Only in more oxygen rich conditions (4:1 of O2:CO), a surface oxide may be detected. Katalys används vid 90% av all produktion av kemikalier och är därtill anledningen till att utsläppen av kolmonoxid och kväveoxider drastiskt har minskat i transportsektorn. En katalysator fungerar som en ”genväg” för en kemisk process, genom växelverkan mellan gasmolekyler och ytan av en katalysator kan den kemiska reaktionen ske till en lägre energikostnad. Detta innebär att sannolikheten att den kemiska reaktionen ska ske under vissa specifika förhållanden är större med än utan en katalysator. Katalysatorn själv förbrukas inte under reaktionen, utan kan fungera under lång tid. För att effektivisera en katalysator eller utveckla helt nya katalysatorer, krävs en mer grundläggande kunskap om växelverkan mellan det katalytiska materialet och gas molekylerna. Detta åstadkoms genom att studera modellsystem av mycket komplexa industriella katalysatorer och katalytiska processer. Dessa experiment har under många år utförts i så kallat Ultra-Högt Vakuum (UHV) vilket gör det möjligt att studera katalys på en atomär nivå. Professor G. Ertl belönades med nobelpriset i kemi år 2007 för sina studier av modellsystem för katalytiska processer. <br/><br/>Eftersom de flesta tillämpningar av katalys sker vid atmosfärstryck och högre tryck är det relevant att utföra experiment vid mer katalytiskt realistiska förhållanden. I denna avhandling har framförallt högtrycksfotoelektronspektroskopi använts för att studera kemiska processer, relevanta för CO-oxidering, på ytan av modellkatalysatorer. CO-oxidering är en av de enklare kemiska processer som sker i en bilkatalysator men hur processen går till i detalj, är fortfarande oklart. Vi har därför använt de enklaste modellsystem i form av enkristaller för att få fram mer grundläggande information om processen. Även nanopartiklar har studerats vilket är ett steg mot hur industriella katalysatorer faktiskt ser ut. <br/><br/>Användningen av högtrycksfotoelektronspektroskopi gör det möjligt att följa kemiska ytprocesser ”live”. Vi har därför kunnat konstatera att komplexa syrestrukturer är mycket effektiva i CO-oxideringsprocessen, vilket är relevant för industriella katalytiska system. Vi har även studerat en legering som ser ut att vara en mycket lovande och effektiv katalysator för CO-oxidering men som är billigare att framställa. <br/><br/>Eftersom fler och fler ytfysikstudier utförs vid högre tryck är det även intressant att förstå hur gasblandningen förändras nära den aktiva katalysatorns yta. Vi har därför vidareutvecklat en laserbaserad teknik kallad laser inducerad flourescensens med tillhörande reaktorer, för att studera gasfasen under katalytiska förhållanden. Med hjälp av denna laserdiagnostiska teknik kan man följa resultatet av den katalytiska processen även i gasfasen och på så sätt länka samman gassammansättningen som växelverkar med ytan och ytans struktur. Våra mätningar av ytstrukturen och gasmolekylerna kan ge en mer komplett bild av hur den kemiska reaktionen sker på en katalytiskt aktiv yta, något som vi tror i framtiden kan leda till nya, bättre, billigare och mer energisnåla katalysatorer.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/69a48ec5-d26d-4cd1-ba32-b8393ca5d3c0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25410548/thesis_Blomberg.pdf application/pdf 3223014 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research 2017-05 eng CO-oxidation model catalysts AP-XPS PLIF Pd Rh PdAg Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Blomberg Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-301-6 978-91-7753-302-3 305 2017-06-09T09:15:00+02:00 69a48ec5-d26d-4cd1-ba32-b8393ca5d3c0 2017-05-15T10:39:26+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-15T10:39:26+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:46286eb1-3605-48b1-a174-9cb71c8a4d8f 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Medelhavet, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Annika Axelsson author 59d7f562-8a7b-49df-a842-60a4741b6371 Anders Rosengren supervisor a8a8a889-2527-4c85-aa92-7d75f8358437 Erik Renström supervisor 68a2f6d2-d8b7-4e3e-938d-39df4c0d7497 professor Per-Ola Carlsson opponent Uppsala University Diabetes - Islet Patophysiology v1000495 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Diabetes - Islet Patophysiology research group Improved understanding of the disease mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D) is needed, and so are new treatments.<br/><br/>A new T2D risk variant was recently identified in <em>ADRA2A</em>, which encodes the α2A-adrenergic receptor. The risk allele leads to receptor overexpression in β-cells that causes increased adrenergic signaling and impaired insulin secretion. We showed that the α2A-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine normalized insulin secretion in risk allele carriers with T2D, whereas it was without effect in non-risk allele carriers. These findings suggest that individualized, genotype-based treatment for T2D is possible. <br/><br/>Next, in an attempt to identify new genes relevant for the pathogenesis of T2D and to identify new drugs for the treatment of T2D, we utilized microarray gene expression data to gain information about gene coexpression networks. Gene expression in human islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors, and gene expression in liver tissue from hyperglycemic and normoglycemic mice, was analyzed to find groups of coexpressed genes (modules) with disturbed expression in diabetes. “Disease signatures” derived from these modules were used to interrogate publically available microarray data sets. These data sets included gene expression profiles induced by a wide range of drugs and treatments. Data sets with an expression pattern similar to our islet disease signature gave clues to the underlying pathogenic process in β-cell failure, and data sets with a reverse expression pattern to our liver disease signature helped identify drug candidates for treatment of excessive hepatic glucose production. <br/><br/>The islet disease signature was associated with β-cell dedifferentiation and loss of a mature β-cell state. We identified the transcription factor <em>SOX5</em> as a regulator of the T2D-associated islet module. Overexpression of <em>SOX5</em> increased the expression of β-cell specific genes in human islets and improved secretory function in islets from donors with T2D.<br/><br/>The liver disease signature was used to rate compounds based on reverse expression compared with the disease signature. The rationale was that compounds with potential to reverse the disease signature might<br/>affect the pathophysiology. Sulforaphane, a sulfur-containing compound found naturally in e.g. broccoli, was identified as the top-rated compound. Sulforaphane reduced glucose production from hepatoma cells via a<br/>mechanism that involves reduced expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. Sulforaphane improved glucose tolerance in animal models of diabetes. Moreover, in a small clinical study, sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout<br/>extract reduced fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in obese T2D patients with poor glycemic control. <br/><br/>Taken together, the data presented in this thesis demonstrate the opportunities of genotype-based treatment for T2D, and show the usefulness of gene network analysis to identify pathophysiological mechanisms and new potential therapies for T2D. By this approach, we have identified Sox5 as a new regulator of β-cell function, and sulforaphane as a liver-targeting therapy for T2D patients with poor glycemic control. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/46286eb1-3605-48b1-a174-9cb71c8a4d8f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25609470/Annika_Axelsson_Thesis_without_articles.pdf application/pdf 2232465 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Type 2 diabetes insulin ADRA2A genotype gene network analysis SOX5 drug repositioning sulforaphane clinical study typ 2-diabetes insulin ADRA2A genotyp gennätverksanalys SOX5 sulforafan klinisk studie Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-473-7 94 2017-06-07T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:93 46286eb1-3605-48b1-a174-9cb71c8a4d8f 2017-05-16T09:42:25+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z 2017-05-16T09:42:25+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0440fd1b-1394-4c03-88d7-5da30204fc00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:B, M-huset, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Ramesh Saagi author 358be81c-2fee-40a7-90b8-1aa85501c616 Ulf Jeppsson supervisor 07436d2c-a5d8-4f84-9034-54afad469a52 Krist Gernaey supervisor fec014e5-13c4-47a3-87ff-f1c72f560a04 Xavier Flores supervisor e4aafa81-f102-407a-ac91-356ef906ffdd Dr Luca Vezzaro opponent Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Division for Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation v1000203 department The integrated urban wastewater system (UWS) consists of different sections that are interconnected. These include: i) catchment; ii) sewer network; iii) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); and finally, iv) receiving water system. Traditionally, these sections are operated and evaluated individually. However, it is now well-established that all the sections of an UWS should be operated in a holistic manner in order to improve the receiving water quality. <br/>The thesis aims at developing an integrated model library that can be used to simulate the dynamics of flow rate and pollutant loads in all the sections of an UWS on a single simulation platform. It is further aimed at defining a hypothetical UWS using the model library, so that future users can use the pre-defined layout to study multiple control strategies and structural modifications. In order to facilitate an objective evaluation of the results, criteria for evaluating river water quality as well as the sewer network and WWTP performance are described.<br/>Firstly, the suitability of existing model libraries is assessed. The building blocks from the Dynamic Influent Pollutant Disturbance Scenario Generator (DIPDSG) are used as the starting point for the catchment and sewer network model library. Additional model blocks that are missing in the DIPDSG are developed. A modified version of the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2) is used to simulate the WWTP. Model blocks for river water quality assessment are developed. <br/>Using the model library, a hypothetical UWS for an urban catchment with 80 000 population equivalents and an area of 540 hectares is described. The UWS layout is used to develop and evaluate different control strategies (local/integrated) and structural modifications. The case studies indicate that: i) the presented model library and the layout can be used to develop various control strategies and evaluate their impact on river water quality; and ii) improving the performance of an individual section does not necessarily lead to better river water quality. It is expected that the model library will be widely used as an open-source software toolbox for benchmarking purposes, integrated modelling studies as well as for modelling the individual sections. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0440fd1b-1394-4c03-88d7-5da30204fc00 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25554138/Ramesh_PhDthesis.pdf application/pdf 12961391 no Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University 2017-05-16 eng Benchmark Simulation Model Integrated control strategies Integrated modelling River water quality Water Treatment 978-91-88934-81-9 978-91-88934-80-2 208 2017-06-09T10:15:00+02:00 0440fd1b-1394-4c03-88d7-5da30204fc00 2017-05-16T12:06:43+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-16T12:06:43+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c564d293-ba7d-465a-983d-2aca822b49b3 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kvinnokliniken Aula, Malmö 1 Nivetha Natarajan Gavriilidou author 5f83446c-b7ab-4945-ac82-33c4dbd67091 Sölve Elmståhl supervisor 31d5f144-357b-47a5-b93f-f5c60fde92a7 Mats Pihlsgård supervisor 49a3e236-e1c1-4334-a821-5bd5da755e60 Henrik Ekström supervisor Professor/ Senior consultant Tommy Cederholm opponent Uppsala University Geriatric Medicine v1000418 department Geriatrics v1001186 department Geriatric Medicine research group Geriatrics research group There is a rising proportion of aging population worldwide. The high vulnerability of older adults to morbidity and mortality introduces an enormous health and economic burden to themselves and the society. The established leading cause of death among older adults is due to chronic and vascular diseases. These conditions are related to the nutritional status and are preventable with the help of accurate assessment for timely identification and adopting relevant lifestyle changes. Anthropometrics is an efficient and widely accepted method of body composition assessment. Body mass index (BMI), a commonly used measure of body fat has several well-known advantages and limitations. Despite the widespread awareness, very little attention is paid to the consequences of inaccurate BMI classification due to errors in height estimation, particularly among older adults due to aging-related degenerative changes. Consequent under- or false diagnosis of risk groups could seriously affect the designing of optimal health interventions. We need a holistic assessment including valid and accurate body composition estimation and accounting for extrinsic factors related to weight aberrations. The overall aim of this dissertation is to identify and address the methodological issues in anthropometric measurements in Swedish elderly population aged ≥60years and address the role of comorbidities, sociodemographics, lifestyle factors and cohort changes. The four studies in this thesis are based on data from the longitudinal nationally representative population study Good Aging in Skåne. Cross-sectional and follow-up study designs were<br/>applied. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance tests and proportional hazard regression methods were adopted. Study I presented the sex- and age-specific normative anthropometric data for Swedish older adults. Comparison of the<br/>anthropometric profile in correlation with underlying comorbidities confirmed the association between cardiovascular diseases and adiposity and revealed a potential relationship between diminished functional capacity and inadequate<br/>physical activity. Study II investigated the errors in BMI classification due to inaccurate height estimation among elderly. Age-adjusted and sex-specific BMI prediction equations based on knee-height and demispan estimates were formulated. Comparison between predicted and classic BMI classifications demonstrated a striking underestimation of underweight and overestimation of obesity, particularly alarming at the most vulnerable age of ≥80 years. Knee height predicted BMI on further investigation (study III) on the association with mortality risk identified a paradoxical survival benefit only among overweight older adults aged ≥80 years. Study IV examined the role of the birth cohort effects in waist circumference and its association with education and lifestyle factors of obesity. Older adults aged 60 years and 81 years having birth year 1952/54 and 1932/33 respectively had higher waist circumference and abdominal obesity that those born in 1941/43 and 1920/22 respectively. Waist gain was clearly influenced by higher educational attainment in the 60 year-olds, and by alcohol consumption and inadequate physical activity in 80-year-olds. Smoking prevalence and frequency of complete meal intake declined across the three birth cohorts from 2001─2013. Conclusions: Our study contributes to a holistic approach in the anthropometric assessment of body composition in elderly. It comprises: 1) A thorough description of the anthropometric profile of the population in relation to underlying medical conditions. 2) Application of proxy BMI to address<br/>the problems of misclassification from measurement errors, in relation to the paradoxical survival benefits of overweight only among the ‘older’ elderly and importantly 3) Account on the extrinsic factors that demonstrated encouraging patterns of educational attainment and diminishing sedentary living and warning signs from inadequate exercises in the ‘young’ elderly and increasing alcohol intake in the ‘old’ elderly. This calls for a broader action. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c564d293-ba7d-465a-983d-2aca822b49b3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25554573/Nivetha_KAPPAN_inkl._omslag.pdf application/pdf 11250733 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25559373/2Study_I.pdf application/pdf 729670 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25559376/3Study_II.pdf application/pdf 1056945 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Anthropometrics BMI misclassification measurement error correction prediction equation surrogate survival lifestyle birth cohort Swedish elderly assessment Medical and Health Sciences Health Sciences Nutrition and Dietetics Geriatrics 978-91-7619-467-6 143 2017-06-07T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:87 c564d293-ba7d-465a-983d-2aca822b49b3 2017-05-16T12:18:39+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-16T12:18:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f52dd774-271e-4109-b0e2-2b21bd3f8b6d 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall of the Radiotherapy Building, floor 3, Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund. 1 Martin Nilsson author f9ff3b14-3889-4a77-abf1-7579493cf551 Niklas Loman supervisor bfce0fdc-695f-484a-aa46-871d4b3ad49c Linda Werner Hartman supervisor f2c62e18-9e53-4641-b2a4-d948761a7e77 Åke Borg supervisor 1fe4bad4-f7d0-4cb9-b1a7-0c54a814f311 professor Stefen Narod opponent University of Toronto, Canada Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department The general aim of the research presented in this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of how breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations should be treated medically and surgically, and furthermore, to characterize the limitations and strengths of different procedures for BRCA testing. <br/><br/>In Paper I, the long-term prognosis was assessed in a cohort of early-onset breast cancer patients (n = 221). BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (n = 20) had an inferior overall survival compared to non-carriers (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0-3.3), but not when the analysis was restricted to patients who received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1.1; CI 0.5-2.5). The results lend support to the notion that all, or almost all, patients with BRCA-associated breast cancer should be offered chemotherapy. <br/>In Paper II, breast-conserving therapy (BCT) was compared to mastectomy in a cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (n = 162). Patients treated with BCT had a high risk of local recurrence (15-year risk: 32%), some of which were probably new primary breast tumors rather than true recurrences. <br/>In Paper III, the “real world” performance (effectiveness) of the Swedish BRCA testing criteria was compared with the sensitivity (efficacy) of those criteria in a group of germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (n = 20), identified within a biobank research study of unselected breast cancer patients. The effectiveness was much lower than the efficacy (18% vs 65%), suggesting that currently used clinical BRCA testing routines need to be critically revised. <br/>In Paper IV, the results of a prospective, non-randomized study (BRCAsearch; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02557776) were reported. Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were offered germline BRCA testing regardless of age at diagnosis or family history of cancer. Pre-test information was provided by a standardized invitation letter instead of in-person genetic counseling. Out of 818 patients who received the invitation letter, 542 (66.2%) consented to analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Eleven (2%) pathogenic mutations were found (BRCA1, n = 2; BRCA2, n = 9). Very few patients contacted us for telephone genetic counseling, suggesting that a majority felt that the written pre-test information was sufficient for them to make a decision on testing. <br/><br/>In conclusion, the results of the work presented in this thesis indicate that germline BRCA status could contribute to personalized treatment decisions for breast cancer patients, and consequently, the results lend support to the idea that breast cancer patients should be offered BRCA testing at the time of diagnosis. The procedure for BRCA testing used in the BRCAsearch study offers an example of how genetic testing could be undertaken on a large scale in a feasible way.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f52dd774-271e-4109-b0e2-2b21bd3f8b6d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25887113/Martin_Nilsson_thesis_final_version.pdf application/pdf 938476 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Medical and Health Sciences Cancer and Oncology 978-91-7619-476-8 92 2017-06-15T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:96 f52dd774-271e-4109-b0e2-2b21bd3f8b6d 2017-05-16T13:57:02+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-16T13:57:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:20b8f3db-5080-4324-ae59-1a854d8af855 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, Patologihuset, Jan Waldenströmsgata 59, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Roni Allaoui author 5f1f11fc-8e72-4036-b58b-8c7793a7291b Karin Leandersson supervisor ce3e2320-7212-4414-bbf1-e67951941a26 Christer Larsson supervisor 93a445fc-23dc-429a-bcb6-a3e31476432e professor Arne Östman opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Cancer Immunology, Malmö v1000563 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Cancer Immunology, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/20b8f3db-5080-4324-ae59-1a854d8af855 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25558610/Inflammatory_Cells_and_Mediators_in_the_Tumor_Microenvironment_of_Breast_Cancer.pdf application/pdf 18905016 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Breast cancer tumor stroma cancer-associated fibroblasts DAMP inflammatory mediators myeloid-derived supressor cells toll-like receptors triple-negative breast cancer tumor infiltrating lymphocytes tumor microenvironment Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-452-2 74 2017-06-01T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:72 20b8f3db-5080-4324-ae59-1a854d8af855 2017-05-16T17:22:34+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-05-16T17:22:34+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e2a16deb-aa88-4b5e-bfaf-e43aaa645e25 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital 1 Disa Dahlman author ddd7dd7b-b185-452a-b76a-aa7a24679e86 Anders C Håkansson supervisor 747a91e6-06ba-4b96-9478-25360068a14a Per Björkman supervisor 72b464c4-9c0e-4ccc-96f2-dd4d64a152cc Anna Nilsson supervisor 677d4903-1551-496a-a1d3-0de1da1c08d8 PhD, Professor Thomas Benfield opponent Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark Psychiatry (Lund) v1000459 department Clinical addiction research unit v1001039 department Clinical addiction research unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e2a16deb-aa88-4b5e-bfaf-e43aaa645e25 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25697468/e_spik_kappa_Disa.pdf application/pdf 20448497 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Psychiatry Infectious Medicine Drug Abuse and Addiction 978-91-7619-471-3 117 2017-06-03T10:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:91 e2a16deb-aa88-4b5e-bfaf-e43aaa645e25 2017-05-16T23:35:52+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-16T23:35:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2fdf7492-311e-4a0c-bf94-3fa2b8456d51 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published School of Economics and Management, EC3:210 1 Sofie Persson author 6a9dae93-abd0-4871-97f1-8c5b653af90f Ulf Gerdtham supervisor 883e0d0d-e6d4-426b-8851-28c263a83e30 Katarina Steen Carlsson supervisor 56a58904-ece4-47fe-b460-8d8e3f0587b2 Gisela Dahlquist supervisor professor Jes Søgaard opponent Köpenhamn EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health v1001239 department Health Economics v1000507 department Health Economics research group Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong, chronic disease, that generally has a sudden onset early in life, which changes the conditions for the affected child and the child’s family. The overall purpose of this thesis was to explore the socioeconomic consequences of childhood onset type 1 diabetes and through this investigate how an early life health shock can affect adult socioeconomic status. The four included papers aim to capture the overall effect of type 1 diabetes on socioeconomic outcomes, such as education, employment and earnings, during different stages in life, including adolescence, young adulthood, and midlife. The thesis also explores potential pathways through which type 1 diabetes may ultimately lead to detrimental labor market outcomes.<br/>The analyses were performed using data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register, a Swedish national research register for childhood incidence of type 1 diabetes, that has been linked to other national health data registers and socio-economic databases. Using a control group of four unique population controls, matched by year of birth and municipality of residence at the time of the diagnosis, the effect of type 1 diabetes was studied in birth cohorts born between 1962 and 1993, analyzing outcomes in ages 16 to 50 years.<br/>The results show that the onset of type 1 diabetes, before the age of 15, negatively affects educational achievements, in both compulsory schooling and upper secondary school, as well as the final level of education. Despite developments in treatment and educational changes over time, the data indicate a persistent negative effect of type 1 diabetes on school performance also in later birth cohorts. In a longer perspective, the results show that childhood onset type 1 diabetes negatively affects employment and earnings for both women and men. The magnitude of the effect, however, depends on individual characteristics, such as gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration. The results suggest that adult health contributes to a large proportion of the total labor market effect of type 1 diabetes, but other important factors, related to occupation, education, and family formation, also explain part of the impact on employment and earnings.<br/>In conclusion, the findings of this thesis show that childhood onset type 1 diabetes negatively impacts socioeconomic outcomes, both early in life and in adulthood, and represents a burden that is borne both by the individual and the society. In a broader perspective, the results provide insights to how a distinct and definable shift in childhood health may translate into working life consequences.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2fdf7492-311e-4a0c-bf94-3fa2b8456d51 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25607280/Socioeconomic_Consequences_of_Childhood_Onset_Type_1_Diabetes_kappan.pdf application/pdf 2792098 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Type 1 diabetes, health, socioeconomic outcomes, education, employment, earnings Medical and Health Sciences Social Sciences 978-91-7619-475-1 76 2017-06-08T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:95 2fdf7492-311e-4a0c-bf94-3fa2b8456d51 2017-05-17T10:50:28+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-17T10:50:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1523fbb6-a36a-4fe5-9956-16de2314fb24 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Annika Kragh Ekstam author 0cd0229a-4c14-45c8-9db7-183d32e3501b Sölve Elmståhl supervisor 31d5f144-357b-47a5-b93f-f5c60fde92a7 Isam Atroshi supervisor 0ada4e01-a041-4eb5-aef7-df8e2796bc65 professor Yngve Gustafson opponent Umeå University Geriatrics v1001186 department Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö v1000476 department Geriatrics research group Background and aim: Due to an increasingly ageing population, the number of hip fracture patients, often with multiple chronic diseases and multiple pharmacotherapy, is set to rise. The high risk of adverse outcomes that hip fractures lead to in older individuals is well described, including high first-year mortality. This thesis aim to improve our knowledge of older hip fracture patients’ treatment with drugs that potentially increases the risk of falls, fractures, bleeding, and death, in order to identify potentially effective interventions for preventing adverse outcome from the medication.<br/> Methods and results: Three general population-based cohort studies and one observational cohort study, on medication in hip fracture patients, are included. National registry data for 2,043 patients (I, II, III) and medical journals for 255 patients (IV) were analysed.<br/> Paper I aimed to describe the use of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRID) and to analyse whether there were any changes in the prescribing six months after a hip fracture, compared to six months before. A majority was exposed to FRID prior to the fracture and an increase of thirty percentage-points in post-fracture prescribing was found. Anti-osteoporosis treatment increased only marginally, but in hospitals offering geriatric support the prescribing of anti-osteoporosis drugs increased significantly compared to hospitals without this support.<br/> In Paper II, first-year mortality was shown to be significantly higher in patients exposed to ≥4 FRID, polypharmacy, psychotropic and cardiovascular drugs. Regression analyses of treatment with FRID, adjusted for age, sex and any ≥ 4 drugs, showed higher mortality in patients exposed to ≥4 FRID compared to ≤3 FRID. <br/> In Paper III, exposure to potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) was found in 81% of the patients. Logistic regression, data adjusted for age, sex, and use of ≥5 drugs, indicated that exposure to any PIM and analgesic-PIM (tramadole, dextropropoxyphene) increased six months’ mortality significantly. Exposure to other categories of opioids did not indicate higher mortality, Patients with a length of in-hospital stay (LOS) ≥10 days had a higher six months’ mortality than patients with a LOS of ≤ 9 days.<br/> In Paper IV, regression analysis of hip fracture patients’ exposure to low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (LdAA), adjusted for multiple confounders, showed higher first-year mortality and that more blood transfusions were given to patients treated with LdAA compared to non-users. Levels of coagulation factors were also significantly higher in the blood of patients treated with LdAA compared to unexposed patients.<br/> Conclusions: The thesis proposes that older hip fracture patients are frequently exposed to FRID and PIM, that exposure to ≥ 4 FRID, any PIM, analgesic-PIM, LdAA, polypharmacy, and a LOS of ≥ 10 days are factors associated with higher mortality. Additionally was found that exposure to FRID increases significantly after the fracture and that anti-osteoporosis treatment is more frequently prescribed to orthopaedic patients when geriatric support is available. The overall conclusion lies in the identification of plausible ways to reduce adverse outcome and improve the care of hip fracture patients. Further studies on ways of improving the care of hip fracture patients should be explored by evaluating methods of preventing drug-related adverse outcome, as well as of strengthening the collaboration between orthopaedic and geriatric professionals. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1523fbb6-a36a-4fe5-9956-16de2314fb24 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/26195128/Medication_in_older_hip_fracture_patients_Falls_fractures_and_mortality_2017.pdf application/pdf 1166910 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng fall-risk increasing drugs, hip fracture, mortality, older, potentially inappropriate medication, Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-469-0 87 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/26237432/Popul_rvetenskaplig_sammanfattning_L_kemedelsbehandling_av_ldre_h_ftfrakturpatienter.pdf application/pdf 2017-06-17T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:89 1523fbb6-a36a-4fe5-9956-16de2314fb24 2017-05-30T15:33:08+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z 2017-05-30T15:33:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f6c0e0b3-49d7-4bc0-997c-d96b09702d7c 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfrage Lecture Hall, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Johannes Ehinger author 25856453-8839-4a03-80cd-be208327f399 Eskil Elmer supervisor 4a47ea72-583b-47e5-88ea-154d8d6ec8e7 Magnus Hansson supervisor e21a1db8-e840-49b4-ab51-5ea8aa30466e Professor Charles Hoppel opponent Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Mitochondrial Medicine v1000971 department MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department Mitochondrial Medicine research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f6c0e0b3-49d7-4bc0-997c-d96b09702d7c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24799963/Inlaga_fo_r_tryck.pdf application/pdf 5575692 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Mitochondrial Diseases Huntington Disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Succinate Neurodegenerative disease Inborn errors of metabolism Mitochondria Animal models Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-457-7 75 2017-05-24T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:77 f6c0e0b3-49d7-4bc0-997c-d96b09702d7c 2017-05-02T15:22:06+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-05-02T15:22:06+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d6de8c0b-5c32-4efb-96cb-08d3fbf0e70e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfrage lecture hall, Klinikgatan 32, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Kristoffer Sjöholm author 44e3ec64-9990-4e05-a789-cbbf17e8c8b7 Johan Malmström supervisor f3eed443-e46d-499d-8a62-9a8a74fa3013 Professor Bernd Wollscheid opponent ETH Zürich, Switzerland Department of Immunotechnology v1000212 department Infection Medicine Proteomics v1000982 department Infection Medicine Proteomics research group Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, and is an overreaction by the immune system due to pathogen invasion of the bloodstream. The interactions, particularly the protein interactions, between the host and pathogen are fundamental for the outcome of the disease. However, some of the protein interactions are unknown and those that are known have been studied as single entities. This thesis focuses on expanding the knowledge of these interactions. In addition, the thesis emphasises the analysis of every interaction at the same time. The identification and quantification of the whole network of interactions is central to determine the impact of single proteins, since the interactions can be co-dependent. The proteins of the human immune system are of particular interest since the pathogens have to avoid the immune system in order to survive in the host. Using state of the art techniques, the human plasma interaction proteome for several pathogens were determined and several novel interactions were discovered. For the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, the interaction proteome was determined with higher accuracy than ever before. In conclusion, when focusing on the whole interaction pattern the specific details can be explained. The wider understanding of the field of host-pathogen interactions that is established with this thesis aids in future development of diagnostics and therapeutics in pathogen related diseases. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d6de8c0b-5c32-4efb-96cb-08d3fbf0e70e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24902457/Sjoholm_Thesis_for_electronic_publication.pdf application/pdf 7980259 no 1 Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University 2017-05-04 eng mass spectromery Proteomics Host-pathogen interactions Sepsis Medical Biotechnology 978-91-7753-234-7 978-91-7753-235-4 76 2017-06-02T09:15:00+02:00 d6de8c0b-5c32-4efb-96cb-08d3fbf0e70e 2017-05-04T10:35:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-04T10:35:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:26d1611d-aa96-4584-8f3a-a7b709ba2055 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg lecture hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Fikeraddis Damtie author bec94dfd-cb03-4f88-b3f9-48787f343fc6 Andreas Wacker supervisor a7694a6a-5d2f-48f5-a12a-1b280de52d24 Peter Samuelsson supervisor 18de082f-cc8a-444d-8b69-672be7efc9db Prof. Dr. Tilmann Kuhn opponent University of Münster, Münster, Germany Mathematical Physics v1000630 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department This thesis studies the role of interaction between charged particles for transport and optical properties in nanostructures. <br/>Simulations are provided for a quantitative description of the system dynamics probed by either current spectroscopy or light absorption. In the first part of the thesis (Part I) the basic theories are described and in the second part of the thesis (Part II) the papers listed below are presented. <br/><br/>Paper I studies the effect of different types of electron-electron interaction terms in triple quantum dot transport. <br/><br/>Paper II describes a method of calculating the yield for a quantum dot model due to Multiple Exciton Generation (MEG) which is an effect of electron-electron interaction. <br/><br/>Paper III suggests optimization schemes for an efficient yield due to Multiple exciton generation in nanocrystal quantum dots. <br/><br/>Paper IV describes two dimensional spectroscopy based on phase modulation technique to study the dynamics of ultrafast processes in nanostructures in real time. We live in a time of wireless technologies, robotics and <br/>small computers with very high computing power. This is mainly due to a large emphasis given towards the study of semiconductor materials which are the building blocks of today's electronic industry. <br/>One of the secrets behind creating faster computers is the ability to integrate <br/>more and more transistors on a small semiconductor chip. Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors per integrated circuit will be doubled every two years. His prediction accurately worked for several decades. To fit in large number of transistors in a small <br/>computer chip, a reduction in the size of the transistors is a key. This is where the emergence of a relatively newer field of technology comes in to play, nano engineering. <br/><br/>With nano engineering, transistors as small as few nm size can be fabricated. <br/>In 2016 Intel has reported a processor where 7.2 billions of transistors integrated only on a 456mm² area chip. <br/><br/>As the size of the transistors gets smaller and smaller, the laws of physics governing the motion of charge carriers through the devices has to be modified compared to larger transistors. One of the most common experimental setup is the measurement of current through the device which is connected to a potential <br/>difference (voltage). <br/><br/>In macroscopic size electronic circuits, the dependence of the current on the applied voltage can be either linear or non-linear depending on the circuit elements. For a regular resistance, such as light bulb, the current is linearly proportional to the applied voltage (Ohm's law). <br/>However, if the circuit is composed of non-linear elements such as transistors or diodes, the dependence of the current on the applied voltage is non-linear, but typically the current increases with bias. <br/><br/>This situation is different in nano scale electronic devices which are characterized<br/>by discrete energy levels due to confinement. <br/>In this case the current displays discrete peaks which are dependent on <br/>the accessibility of energy levels for the applied bias. <br/><br/>In the first part of this thesis, a study of electron transport properties of quantum dots has been performed. Due to confinement, the electron-electron (ee) interaction is enhanced in quantum dots compared to macroscopic size devices. As a result, understanding and careful description of the interaction <br/>types and their strength to the transport of charge carriers through the device is of great importance. One peculiar behavior in nanoscale devices is that the ee interaction becomes a factor that greatly determines the transport behavior across these devices. <br/><br/>In the second part of the thesis, interaction of light with nanostructures is studied with the aim of simulating the microscopic physical processes in efficient quantum dot based solar cells. The photovoltaic effect in which a material generates an electric current as a result of exposure to light has been known for more than a century. Many countries are now giving priorities for utilization of renewable energy <br/>sources for electric power generation. Semiconductor based solar cells have already been used to convert solar energy to a usable form of electric current. However, they are not as popular yet as fossil fuel due to their limited efficiency. In 1961 a famous work by William Shockley and Hans Queisser puts a limit on the maximum theoretical conversion efficiency of a solar cell using a single p-n junction<br/>to be not more than 33.7 %. Finding possibilities to circumvent the Shockley-Queisser limit is an active area of current research. <br/><br/>In recent years, quantum-dot based solar cells demonstrated enhanced conversion efficiency. An understanding on a microscopic level how the charge carriers and the light field interacts in quantum dot based solar cells plays a key role in the design of the future solar cells. One mechanism which is described in this thesis is the multiple exciton generation (MEG) in which a generation of more than one electron-hole pairs (exciton) per absorbed photon enhances the conversion efficiency. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/26d1611d-aa96-4584-8f3a-a7b709ba2055 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24947447/Fikeraddis_kappan_incl_cover.pdf application/pdf 12279612 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics 2017 eng electron-electron interaction Time dependent dynamics Multiple Exciton Generation Two dimensional spectroscopy Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Damtie Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7753-206-4 978-91-7753-207-1 159 2017-05-31T09:00:00+02:00 26d1611d-aa96-4584-8f3a-a7b709ba2055 2017-05-04T11:50:40+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-04T11:50:40+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:44effcd5-cae7-4819-9f47-ae5462f1f649 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Therése Geber-Bergstrand author 41579a68-ee12-4f77-ae1d-adbf145b11c9 Christopher Rääf supervisor 3ad72367-ae02-4e95-b644-3ba554a9bceb Sören Mattsson supervisor b069c961-7422-4032-8f1f-387b1570c517 Christian Bernhardsson supervisor bc7a7197-37d8-40f6-aab8-c01969fdafde professor emerita Eva Lund opponent Linköpings universitet Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department Department of Translational Medicine v1000562 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group If an accident or attack involving radiological or nuclear material were to happen, people from the general public would be at risk of exposure to ionising radiation. Unlike people working with ionising radiation, for whom level of exposure to radiation is constantly monitored with dosemeters, people from the general population do not wear dosemeters; thus, the dose estimations for these individuals must be performed using alternative methods. This field of research is called retrospective dosimetry (or emergency dosimetry) and includes both biological and physical techniques. Following an accident or attack, dose estimations of potentially exposed individuals have to be performed as soon as possible, to give the proper medical care promptly and, especially in the case of a large-scale incident, to use the available resources in the best and most effective manner.<br/>In contrast to developing conventional dosemeter material, the approach for research into retrospective dosemeter materials is somewhat reversed. Instead of involving identification (or development) of a material that meets the set requirements, the work needs to conform to the properties of the materials found near or on people. This necessity often means that several materials/techniques are needed to fulfil the same requirements. In addition, exactly which materials will be present in a given situation is never certain, and the addition of new materials/methods that could be used for retrospective dosimetry thus is always a valuable contribution.<br/>In this thesis, a number of materials found in the immediate vicinity of people have been investigated with regard to their potential to act as retrospective radiation dosemeters using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The materials include human teeth and dental repair materials, components from electronic devices, desiccants, and common household salt (NaCl). The aim is both to increase the number of materials that could be used with OSL and to further develop methods for the materials already known to have some dosimetric properties.<br/>The overall conclusion of this work is that several materials found on or in the immediate vicinity of people can be used in retrospective dosimetry using OSL. Also, initial estimations of conversion factors for the transition between the dose to the retrospective dosemeter material and the dose to an individual have been obtained using an anthropomorphic phantom. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/44effcd5-cae7-4819-9f47-ae5462f1f649 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24908646/GeberBergstrand_thesis.pdf application/pdf 1762785 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Retrospective dosimetry Emergency dosimetry OSL Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-460-7 64 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24908644/Summary_in_Swedish.pdf application/pdf 2017-05-23T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:80 44effcd5-cae7-4819-9f47-ae5462f1f649 2017-05-05T00:17:43+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z 2017-05-05T00:17:43+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:68db6b08-41c5-4d68-913e-99038d06ff13 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Pangea”, Geocentre II, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Ylva van Meeningen author 523e4185-5c89-4e7c-b8f7-82218538edf8 Thomas Holst supervisor 8b362bce-1700-4ce0-9976-1509a28a6d47 Guy Schurgers supervisor Riikka Rinnan supervisor Professor Jaana Bäck opponent Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Analysis of climate and seasonality impacts on species-specific BVOC emission capacities to improve a regional/global emission model project Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are trace gases other than CO2 and CH4 produced and emitted by the vegetation. The group consists of thousands of compounds in various shapes and sizes and with short atmospheric lifetimes. Some of the most common BVOC groups are called isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. For the plant, the emission of BVOCs is used for plant communication, attracting pollinators, to deter herbivores and to enhance abiotic stress defense against for example high temperatures, irradiation or oxidative stresses. But once released into the atmosphere, they are affecting the atmospheric chemistry which in effect alters our climate. Depending on the atmospheric composition, BVOC emissions can either enhance tropospheric ozone and indirectly prolong the lifetimes of greenhouse gases such as methane by reducing the concentration of hydroxyl radicals, or increase the formation of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei which may mitigate the effect of greenhouse gases on global warming.<br/>It is fairly well known that BVOCs have an impact on the climate. However, whether the BVOC emissions have a warming or cooling effect on the overall climate is difficult to determine due to existing emission pattern variations both between individuals of the same species and between species. Some of the reasons which are often discussed to be influential and where there is relatively little data available are within-species genetic variation, stress response, adaptation to different weather and climatic conditions and seasonality. In this thesis, focus has been given to the importance of genetic diversity and adaptation to different growing conditions. Studies have been conducted on three European tree species with genetically identical individuals across a latitudinal gradient, stretching from Slovenia to southern Finland. The main results were that even though the emission amounts varied between sites due to differences in weather events, the progression of the growing season and insect outbreaks, the compound composition between individuals were similar both across latitudes and between measurement years. By showing compound composition stability for genetically identical trees, the results highlights the importance of taking genetic diversity into account in terms of observed emission pattern variations. The response to changing light conditions on the emission amount of different compounds was also investigated. The results uncovered that different compounds had different emission responses to changing light conditions, but that the response of the compounds were fairly similar across different species.<br/> Biologiskt flyktiga organiska ämnen (BVOCs) är spårämnen förutom CO2 och CH4 som produceras och släpps ut av växter. Termen innehåller tusentals olika ämnen i varierande former och storlekar och där ämnena har korta atmosfäriska livstider. Några av de vanligaste BVOC grupperna kallas isopren, monoterpener och sesquiterpener. Växterna använder sig av BVOCs för att kommunicera med varandra, attrahera pollinerare, avskräcka växtätare eller för att öka sitt interna försvar mot abiotiska stressfaktorer så som höga temperaturer, hög solstrålning och oxidativ stress. Men när de väl släpps ut i atmosfären så påverkar de atmosfärens kemi och på så sätt förändrar de vårt klimat. Beroende på atmosfärens partikelsammansättning så kan utsläppen av BVOCs öka mängden troposfäriskt ozon och indirekt förlänga livslängden på olika växthusgaser, så som metan, genom att minska koncentrationen av hydroxylradikaler. Men de kan också öka antalet aerosoler och kondensationskärnor som bildar moln, vilket mildrar den effekt växthusgaserna har på den globala uppvärmningen.<br/>Det är relativt välkänt att BVOCs påverkar vårt klimat, men på grund av existerande utsläppsvariationer, både mellan olika individer av samma art och mellan olika arter, så är det svårt att avgöra hur stor påverkan BVOCs har på vårt klimat. Orsaker som diskuterats och som det finns relativt lite information om är genetisk diversitet mellan individer inom samma art, stressrespons, anpassning till olika väder- och klimatförhållanden och variationer mellan olika säsonger. I den här avhandlingen har fokus legat på vikten av genetisk diversitet och potentiell anpassning till olika växtförhållanden. Genom att bedriva studier på tre europeiska trädarter med genetiskt identiska individer, men som växer längs en latitudinell gradient som sträcker sig från Slovenien och upp till södra Finland. Resultaten visade att trots att det fanns skillnader mellan de valda undersökningsområdena när det gällde mängden utsläpp, främst på grund av olika väderförhållanden, hur långt växtsäsongen hade fortlöpit och insektsutbrott, så var sammansättningen av ämnen jämförbara mellan de studerande individerna och över både latitud och de år som undersökningarna genomfördes. Genom att visa stabilitet i ämneskomposition för genetiskt identiska träd, understryker resultaten vikten av att ta med genetisk variation i beräkningen när det gäller observerade variationer i ämnesutsläpp. Något som också har undersökts är hur mängden utsläpp av individuella ämnen reagerar vid förändringar i ljusförhållanden. Resultaten visade att olika ämnen reagerade på olika sätt vid förändringar i mängen tillgängligt ljus, men att responsen av dessa ämnen var förhållandevis lik mellan de studerade trädarterna.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/68db6b08-41c5-4d68-913e-99038d06ff13 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24947075/YvM_kappa2.pdf application/pdf 9504828 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2017-04 eng BVOC English oak European beech Norway spruce genetic diversity European gradient Physical Geography 978-91-85793-81-5 978-91-85793-82-2 149 2017-06-01T10:00:00+02:00 68db6b08-41c5-4d68-913e-99038d06ff13 2017-05-05T14:09:52+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-05T14:09:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:01a421e4-952e-4418-abc5-d16896e563ce 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published V:B, V-building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Clemencio Nhantumbo author 83905d21-f733-4aad-9b3c-74a2070cdb25 Rolf Larsson supervisor d3903aff-e665-4052-aa67-a9477deb2ba2 Magnus Larson supervisor dbee28bf-4cb9-42a8-a3c6-02745fd0a064 Dinis Juizo supervisor 5b4d75a2-a8bb-4af7-a387-9dc9ccbebb88 Professor Björn Klöve opponent University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department Mining, seen as a source of revenue in most developing countries, threatens seriously the environment. Mining impacts the water quality and one of the main problems of mining is acid mine drainage. Low pH and high concentration of heavy metals characterize acid mine drainage. When a stream is impacted by acid mine drainage both human activities and the ecological system are seriously affected. <br/>In Mozambique coal mining is growing faster since 2010 while water quality monitoring programs are not well established and improvements are limited due to lack of skilled people and financial resources. The major coal reserves of Mozambique are located in the riparian area of Zambezi River Basin which is the largest river basin in Southern Africa with 11% of its catchment area in Mozambique. The Zambezi river basin in Mozambique has a high potential for development of human activities and its environment is rich and diversified. <br/>There are water quality monitoring systems already developed and successfully implemented in developed countries. However, these systems are not sustainable for developing countries due to lack of resources. A water quality monitoring system that (1) produces consistent and comparable water quality information; (2) provides feedback to outcomes and goals of the government; and (3) promotes continuous improvement of the water quality, in the context of mining development and under the constraint of lack of human and financial resources, is proposed for the Zambezi River Basin in Mozambique. The system includes two alternative monitoring procedures. It is concluded that the best way forward is to implement the first procedure which improves the current situation by using web-based data sharing and slowly move to the second procedure which is centralized and with one company doing water quality monitoring for the entire river basin in Mozambique.<br/>Modelling is an alternative solution for reducing the cost of monitoring by: (1) estimating difficult and costly to measure parameters based on others which are easily obtained and (2) simulating contamination and reclamation of already impacted streams thus shifting usage of resources to monitor water quality changes in more vulnerable areas. Existing surface water quality models have limitations in simulating contamination of streams by acidic discharges. OTIS and PHREEQ C are used for simulating mixing and transport of non-conservative pollutants but they fail when the task is to simulate pH in streams which are influenced by equilibrium reactions between the alkalinity species interacting with the surrounding environment.<br/>Within the scope of this work two models were developed, model (I) for estimating the concentration of inorganic ions in surface water, and model (II) for simulating pH and alkalinity in streams impacted by acidic discharges. The model (I) estimates the concentration of major ions (〖Na〗^+, K^+, 〖Mg〗^(2+), 〖Ca〗^(2+),〖HCO〗_3^-, 〖SO〗_4^(2-), 〖Cl〗^-, and 〖NO〗_3^-) together with the maximum possible concentrations of minor ions and heavy metals (〖Fe〗^(2+), 〖Mn〗^(2+), 〖Cd〗^(2+), 〖Cu〗^(2+), 〖Al〗^(3+), 〖Pd〗^(2+) and 〖Zn〗^(2+)) based on pH, alkalinity and temperature. The model (II) was developed and tested to simulate pH and alkalinity in the near field, mixing zone considering only the effect of carbonaceous alkalinity. <br/>Finally, the model (II) was extended to include the effect of iron (III) in the near field and a modelling methodology is proposed for simulating pH and alkalinity in the far field. The modelling methodology proposed is based on already demonstrated valid principles and the models results while not tested using laboratory or field data are as expected. The modelling methodology can be used for simulating processes in streams. For real cases calibration will be necessary by adjusting parameters such as the dispersion and mass transfer coefficients.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/01a421e4-952e-4418-abc5-d16896e563ce https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25112810/Thesis_Clemencio_Nhantumbo.pdf application/pdf 2650500 no 1st Water Resources Engineering, Lund University 2017-05-07 eng Water Quality, Monitoring systems, Modelling, pH and alkalinity Environmental Engineering Water Engineering 978-91-7753-250-7 978-91-7753-251-4 86 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25031389/Cover_Page_Thesis_Clemencio.pdf application/pdf 2017-06-01T10:15:00+02:00 01a421e4-952e-4418-abc5-d16896e563ce 2017-05-07T23:51:11+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-07T23:51:11+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M:B at the M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Marcus Lundgren author dab1383e-6b3e-4b3c-8d9c-3a86fec90b34 Öivind Andersson supervisor 6c8ba8ef-efd0-4f18-a099-1432b09b4ac3 Professor Jésus Benajes opponent Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain Sustainable energy systems v1000207 department Access to clean and affordable energy is one of the cornerstones of the world's society. Since the introduction of the internal combustion engine, diesel engines have become widely used for transportation in the commercial sector. These engines are attractive as they have low fuel consumption, but are also associated with high emissions of air pollutants, such as NO$_X$ and soot. These emissions are directly toxic to human beings and some contribute strongly to the global warming.<br/><br/>To face these issues, researchers have shifted focus to advanced combustion concepts, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC). These concepts are two of many approaches known under the collective name of low temperature combustion (LTC). In conventional diesel combustion (CDC), fuel autoignites almost immediately and burns continuously as it is introduced in the combustion chamber. By contrast, LTC uses large amounts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which extends the ignition delay and facilitates premixing of fuel and air before autoignition, thereby avoiding soot and NO$_X$ formation while achieving high efficiency. These concepts are limited to low load operation. To extend the load range, gasoline has proved attractive due to its high resistance to autoignition. In contrast to diesel, this feature allows LTC to be used at increased loads. Despite the benefits, LTC concepts are challenged by high UHC and CO emissions, especially at low loads. At high loads, high pressure rise rates due to long ignition delays become challenging. For this reason, gasoline LTC cannot be achieved over the full load range and consequently CDC-like combustion needs to be used at high load. Nevertheless, gasoline has proven beneficial at high loads as well, producing less soot than diesel combustion. <br/><br/>Gasoline compression ignition exhibits both opportunities and challenges as an approach to achieve cleaner engines. This work addresses the underlying factors, using a newly built optical engine to visualise the combustion processes. The study covers the whole load range, linking the concepts of low to medium load LTC to high load, CDC-like gasoline combustion. The first part of the results presents a transition from HCCI to PPC, coupling the combustion characteristics to the level of premixing and the combustion chamber bulk temperature. The second part describes a likely cause of UHC and suggests a potential method to reduce the, using multiple injections. In this study, laser diagnostics are used to trace the fuel distribution. Second to last, an intermediate load step between PPC and high load is described, addressing the difficulties of high pressure rise rates by utilizing double injection strategies. The last part presents high load gasoline operation and the factors behind soot reduction in comparison to diesel combustion. These results provides a wide but collective baseline of the fundamentally different combustion modes in gasoline compression ignition, linked over the whole load range. Access to clean and affordable energy is one of the cornerstones of the world’s society. Since<br/>the introduction of the internal combustion engine, diesel engines have become widely used<br/>for transportation in the commercial sector. These engines are attractive as they have low<br/>fuel consumption, but are also associated with high emissions of air pollutants, such as<br/>NOX and soot. These emissions are directly toxic to human beings and some contribute<br/>strongly to the global warming.<br/>To face these issues, researchers have shifted focus to advanced combustion concepts, such<br/>as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion<br/>(PPC). These concepts are two of many approaches known under the collective name<br/>of low temperature combustion (LTC). In conventional diesel combustion (CDC), fuel<br/>autoignites almost immediately and burns continuously as it is introduced in the combustion<br/>chamber. By contrast, LTC uses large amounts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),<br/>which extends the ignition delay and facilitates premixing of fuel and air before autoignition,<br/>thereby avoiding soot and NOX formation while achieving high efficiency. These<br/>concepts are limited to low load operation. To extend the load range, gasoline has proved<br/>attractive due to its high resistance to autoignition. In contrast to diesel, this feature allows<br/>LTC to be used at increased loads. Despite the benefits, LTC concepts are challenged by<br/>high UHC and CO emissions, especially at low loads. At high loads, high pressure rise rates<br/>due to long ignition delays become challenging. For this reason, gasoline LTC cannot be<br/>achieved over the full load range and consequently CDC-like combustion needs to be used<br/>at high load. Nevertheless, gasoline has proven beneficial at high loads as well, producing<br/>less soot than diesel combustion.<br/>Gasoline compression ignition exhibits both opportunities and challenges as an approach<br/>to achieve cleaner engines. This work addresses the underlying factors, using a newly built<br/>optical engine to visualise the combustion processes. The study covers the whole load range,<br/>linking the concepts of low to medium load LTC to high load, CDC-like gasoline combustion.<br/>The first part of the results presents a transition from HCCI to PPC, coupling<br/>the combustion characteristics to the level of premixing and the combustion chamber bulk<br/>temperature. The second part describes a likely cause of UHC and suggests a potential<br/>method to reduce the, using multiple injections. In this study, laser diagnostics are used to<br/>trace the fuel distribution. Second to last, an intermediate load step between PPC and high<br/>load is described, addressing the difficulties of high pressure rise rates by utilizing double injection<br/>strategies. The last part presents high load gasoline operation and the factors behind<br/>soot reduction in comparison to diesel combustion. These results provides a wide but collective<br/>baseline of the fundamentally different combustion modes in gasoline compression<br/>ignition, linked over the whole load range. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25065564/Marcus_thesis_onl_pub.pdf application/pdf 7745942 no Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University 2017 eng Optical engine LTC HCCI PPC Gasoline High load Energy Engineering Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering 978-91-7753-311-5 978-91-7753-312-2 195 2017-06-02T10:15:00+02:00 0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 2017-05-08T10:10:05+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-08T10:10:05+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ee2f7223-c976-44e9-8fde-4a09a60bef07 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg Lecture Hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Johan Martinsson author fb2d8929-bcc2-4666-93b4-be1a868efdaa Kristina Stenström supervisor c3b4d5d7-bd7e-4728-a9c8-781da666ca4f Adam Kristensson supervisor 6cda9f30-ff27-4860-bd68-0e234d291ba5 Erik Swietlicki supervisor 728b37a5-4444-4673-9a7c-26b7c3219bfe Assistant Professor Ulrike Dusek opponent Center for Isotopic Research (CIO) in the Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, The Netherlands Nuclear physics v1000629 department Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC) v1000615 department MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system v1000618 department Carbonaceous aerosols are known to affect human health negatively and to affect the climate of Earth. As specific types of aerosols originate from specific sources, it is important to know the amount of aerosols emitted from each source. Aerosol source apportionment is an important tool in mitigating air pollution and improving air quality. The subject of this thesis was the evaluation and development of methods that can be used to improve source apportionment of the carbonaceous aerosol.<br/> Wood-burning aerosol emissions have previously been assumed to absorb relatively more light in the ultraviolet region than in the infrared, as compared to traffic aerosol emissions. The research presented in this thesis shows that this assumption may not be valid for modern well-insulated wood stoves. Emissions from these appliances exhibit light absorption patterns similar to that for diesel combustion aerosols. Hence, light absorption source apportionment methods may not be reliable in areas with a high abundance of modern well-insulated wood stoves.<br/> A light absorption source apportionment method was compared to a source apportionment method based on radiocarbon and a chemical tracer. Good agreement was found for the apportioned wood-burning and biogenic aerosols, but a small discrepancy was observed in the apportionment of fossil fuel/traffic aerosol mass concentrations.<br/> The measurement of the heavier stable isotope of carbon,¹³C, is relatively cheap and easy, and was therefore evaluated as an alternative method of source apportionment. ¹³C, chemical tracers and radiocarbon were measured in aerosol filter samples from a rural background station and source apportionment calculations were performed. These results were then compared to source apportionment results derived only from radiocarbon and chemical tracers. Measuring ¹³C only led to minor insignificant changes in source allocation, and could not distinguish between biogenic and wood-burning carbon.<br/> Thermo-optical analysis is a common method in source apportionment of the carbonaceous aerosol. However, organic carbon can be falsely interpreted as combustion-related elemental carbon due to pyrolysis during the analysis. An attempt was made to remove the fraction of pyrolytic organic carbon using supercritical carbon dioxide. Adding a small amount of methanol during the extraction allowed a large proportion of the pyrolyzed carbon to be removed. The isolation of elemental carbon may improve source apportionment of combustion-derived aerosols.<br/> Finally, the impact of air mass exposure to different geographical surface categories on the observed chemical species of biogenic secondary organic aerosols was studied. Aerosol samples were collected on filters at a rural background station in southern Sweden. Chemical tracer compounds in biogenic secondary organic aerosols were measured. Air mass exposure to various geographical surface categories was calculated with the FLEXPART model. The results showed that air mass exposure to coniferous forests could explain many of the observed organic chemical species, while exposure to oceans did not contribute to the observed aerosol mass concentration. Mapping the effect of different geographical surface categories on the chemical composition of aerosols may provide an important tool in predicting how changes in land use may affect air quality.<br/><br/><br/> Atmosfäriska partiklar (aerosoler) finns överallt i jordens atmosfär. Masskoncentrationen av dessa varierar kraftigt beroende på i vilken miljö man mäter. I stadsluft kan man uppmäta tiotals mikrogram per kubikmeter medan man i arktiska områden uppmäter nanogram per kubikmeter. Den kolhaltiga aerosolen utgör en betydande del av atmosfärsaerosolens massa och är känd för att påverka människors och djurs hälsa negativt, framförallt påverkar den kroppens andningsvägar och kan ge upphov till olika hjärt- och lungsjukdomar. Aerosolerna har även effekter på jordens klimat. Genom att absorbera och sprida ljus värmer respektive kyler aerosolerna klimatet. De har även effekt på molnbildning och nederbörd. <br/>Beroende på dessa kolhaltiga aerosolers fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper påverkar de hälsa och klimat olika. Det är därför oerhört viktigt att karaktärisera aerosolerna. Eftersom specifika aerosoltyper släpps ut från särskilda källor är det viktigt att veta varifrån och hur mycket aerosoler som kommer från de olika källor som finns. De vanligaste källorna för utsläpp av kolhaltiga aerosoler är förbränning av biomassa, fossila bränslen samt utsläpp av biogena aerosoler, från t.ex. träd och växter.<br/>Källkaraktärisering av den kolhaltiga aerosolen är ett mycket viktigt verktyg och kan i många fall ligga till grund för beslutsfattande t.ex. angående utsläppsminskningar eller andra åtgärder som avser att förbättra luftkvalitén. I denna avhandling har vi utvecklat och utvärderat metoder som kan användas vid källkaraktärisering och källtilldelning av de kolhaltiga aerosolerna. <br/>Aerosoler från förbränning av biomassa eller ved har förut generellt antagits absorbera relativt mer ultraviolett (UV) än infrarött (IR) ljus. Detta antagande har sedan använts i källkaraktäriseringsmodeller för att t.ex. kunna räkna ut bidraget av aerosoler från biomassa-/vedförbränning. Vår forskning visar att detta antagande kan vara felaktigt ifall man förbränner biomassa i moderna kaminer eller anläggningar med god isolering. Utsläppen från moderna kaminer och anläggningar visar ljusabsorptions-mönster som är mer likt emissioner från dieselmotorer, d.v.s. aerosolerna absorberar ungefär lika mycket UV- som IR-ljus. Detta betyder att den traditionella metoden, med antagandet om relativt mer UV- än IR-absorption, felaktigt kan karaktärisera partiklarna i områden där omfattningen och användningen av moderna välisolerade kaminer och anläggningar är stor.<br/>En komplett källtilldelningsstudie av den kolhaltiga aerosolen genomfördes för ett helt år (2014-2015) i syfte att jämföra mätmetoder sinsemellan. Vi använde oss av den skillnad i ljusabsorption som beskrivits ovan för att separera aerosoler genererade från trafik och ved-/biomassförbränning. Vi kunde se att under vintern absorberade aerosolen relativt mer ljus i UV än under andra årstider, detta kan indikera ökad förbränning av ved för uppvärmning under vinterhalvåret. När vi jämförde ljusabsorptionskälltilldelningsmetoden mot en källtilldelningsmetod som använder¹⁴C och levoglukosan fann vi att ljusabsorptionsmetoden tilldelade ungefär lika mycket kolmassa till vedeldnings- och biogen aerosol som ¹⁴C- och levoglukosan-metoden. ¹⁴C är en radioaktiv isotop av grundämnet kol och ett kraftfullt verktyg för att avgöra hur stor andel av aerosolerna som kommer från förbränning av fossila bränslen och levoglukosan är en molekyl som endast bildas vid förbränning av cellulosa, den fungerar således som en spårmolekyl för ved-/biomassförbränning. Vi fann även att ljusabsorptionsmetoden överskattade trafikbidraget jämfört med ¹⁴C- och levoglukosan-metoden med ca 30%. Vi konstaterade således att ljusabsorptionsmetoden var lämpad att uppskatta masskoncentrationen av kolhaltig aerosol från vedeldning och biogena källor men fungerade något sämre för trafik- och fossil aerosol, detta gällde åtminstone för vår mätstation som är placerad i skogen, långt från tungt trafikerade vägar.<br/>Grundämnet kol har två stabila isotoper, ¹²C och ¹³C (utläses som ”kol-12 och kol-13”), där ¹³C har en neutron mer än ¹²C. ¹²C är den vanligast förekommande kolisotopen på jorden (ca 98,9%) medan¹³C endast utgör en liten andel (ca 1,1%). Förhållandet mellan dessa två isotoper kan utnyttjas för att studera flöden i geokemiska kretslopp samt för att spåra födokällor och dieter i olika biologiska sammanhang. Detta är möjligt eftersom ¹³C är något tyngre än ¹²C och uppför sig därmed något annorlunda exempelvis i olika fysikaliska fasövergångar och flöden. Vi kan utnyttja detta inom aerosolforskningen. Tidigare studier har t.ex. visat att partiklar från förbränning av fossila bränslen innehåller mer ¹³C än t.ex. partiklar från biomassa-/vedförbränning och biogena utsläpp. Vi mätte den relativa mängden ¹³C på aerosoler från en mätstation i södra Sverige. Dessa data kompletterades med data från tidigare uppmätt ¹⁴C och levoglukosan. Vi kunde därefter jämföra två källtilldelningsmodeller (med och utan ¹³C) i syfte att redogöra för hur mycket ¹³C bidrog till källtilldelningen. Vi fann att ¹³C endast bidrog med små, icke signifikanta, förändringar i källtilldelningen jämfört med modellen som endast använde ¹⁴C- och levoglukosan-data.<br/>En grundbult i källtilldelning av den kolhaltiga aerosolen är att mäta hur mycket kol det finns, på t.ex. ett filterprov. Ofta använder man då termo-optiska mätmetoder. Dessa metoder innebär att man förbränner provet och mäter hur mycket restprodukter som bildas vid förbränningen, i form av koldioxid eller metan. Generellt brukar man dela in massan kol i två fraktioner; organiskt kol och elementärt kol. Det organiska kolet anses härstamma från en mängd olika källor som t.ex. biogena utsläpp från växter, förbränning av fossila bränslen eller biomassa. Elementärt kol anses däremot endast härstamma från förbränning av olika slag. Till det organiska kolet räknas den koldioxid eller metan som bildas vid förbränning i relativt låga temperaturer (200-500°C) i syrefri miljö vid <br/>termo-optisk analys. Det elementära kolet är den koldioxid eller metan som bildas vid höga temperaturer (500-800°C) i en syreförekommande miljö. Dock är separationen av det organiska från det elementära kolet ej problemfri. Det organiska kolet kan pyrolyseras, d.v.s. förkolnas och får därmed egenskaper som liknar det elementära kolet. Vi kan kalla detta kol för falskt elementärt kol. Detta kan korrigeras genom att optiskt mäta hur mycket ljus, från en IR-laser, som passerar filtret. Elementärt kol släpper igenom mindre ljus än organiskt kol. Dock finns stora osäkerheter med denna korrektion och forskarvärlden har försökt isolera det elementära kolet på allehanda tillvägagångsätt i decennier. Vi tog oss an en någorlunda oprövad teknik i dessa sammanhang; superkritisk koldioxidextraktion. Superkritisk koldioxid fås genom att utsätta koldioxid för en temperatur över 31°C och ett högt tryck på 73 bar. Koldioxiden antar då egenskaper som ligger mellan gas och vätska, det får därmed särskilda lösnings- och extraktionsegenskaper vi kan använda för att ta bort det organiska kol som orsakar pyrolys och därmed falskt elementärt kol. Koldioxid är dock ett opolärt lösningsmedel, således för att kunna lösa ut alla tusentals polära vattenlösliga ämnen i de organiska aerosolerna behöver vi tillsätta ett polärt lösningsmedel till koldioxiden, i detta fall metanol. Vi utförde extraktionen och kunde då se att vi kunnat reducera, och i många fall helt ta bort det pyrolytiska kolet. Resultatet öppnar för fortsatta studier av isolerat elementärt kol och en således en förbättrad källtilldelning.<br/>Slutligen ville vi försöka koppla uppmätta masskoncentrationer i luft av biogen sekundär aerosol till olika landskapstyper. Biogen sekundär aerosol bildas av gaser som släppts ut från bl.a. växter. Genom oxidation i atmosfären och med hjälp av solljus kan sedan ångtrycket för dessa gaser sänkas och gaserna kan således kondensera på en befintlig partikel eller bilda partiklar själva genom att gaserna klumpar ihop sig, detta kallas även för nukleering. Vi samlade in atmosfäriska partiklar på filter under sommaren 2012, från dessa filter kunde vi sedan mäta karboxylsyror, organosulfater och nitroxy-organosulfater. Masskoncentrationerna av dessa ämnen kunde sedan kopplas till olika typer av landskap, t.ex. skog, jordbruksmark, berg etc., m.h.a. en modell som kallas FLEXPART. Våra resultat visade att luftmassans exponering för barrskog kunde förklara en stor andel av den totala variationen i masskoncentrationerna av flertalet uppmätta ämnen. Vi kunde även se att luftmassans exponering för hav och oceaner inte bidrog till signifikanta masskoncentrationer av biogen sekundär aerosol. Kartläggning av olika landskapstypers inverkan på den biogena sekundära aerosolen kan vara viktig för att förutse hur förändrad landanvändning påverkar luftkvalitet.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ee2f7223-c976-44e9-8fde-4a09a60bef07 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25065752/Johan_Martinsson_kappa_170421_edited.pdf application/pdf 1809316 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Centre for Environmental and Climate research (CEC) & Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics 2017-05 eng carbonaceous aerosol organic aerosol aerosol particles source apportionment air pollution Environmental Sciences 978-91-7753-269-9 978-91-7753-270-5 191 2017-06-02T09:15:00+02:00 ee2f7223-c976-44e9-8fde-4a09a60bef07 2017-05-08T10:20:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-08T10:20:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6f0f5bfc-15f1-4b5c-9d24-6e34be2089d2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published V:B, V-huset, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Estevao Pondja author b5d028cd-7542-40fc-86fd-c19fbd2e175b Kenneth M. Persson supervisor 8a63723f-4810-47ab-85c1-47b82ab99a2a Nelson Matsinhe supervisor Docent Martin Ragnar opponent Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, Stockholm Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department Mozambique is one of the largest coal producers in Africa. Extraction of the coal is carried out in the Moatize district of the Tete province in the center of the country. A surface mining technique is used to extract the coal below ground level. During mining activities, sulfide minerals, which are commonly associated with coal, are exposed to oxygen and water, leading to the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is high in acidity and has a high content of metals, metalloids and sulfate that can cause severe damage to the environment. Moatize is inside the lower Zambezi River basin, the pollution that occurs there due to mining activities constituting a risk both for public health and for the water resources. The standard guidelines in Mozambique for wastewater from coal mining are very weak, allowing the coal mining companies to pollute considerably. The prevention, containment and remediation of polluted mine water are measures that should be carried out to avoid the spread of pollution. Prevention is the least expensive strategy, but it cannot always prevent the generation of polluted mine water. Thus containment and treatment need to be put into practice. Both active and passive treatment are used to treat polluted mine water. Since Moatize is a largely unstudied area, both static and leaching tests were carried out to investigate the possibility of AMD being generated. The geochemical processes that could impact on the quality of mine drainage stemming from the waste rock there were assessed. Use of cost-effective methods for the treatment of mine water by use of bioremediation coupled with adsorption, using cassava peels that are readily available in the country as a carbon source and as an adsorbent is proposed. Since climate changes and climate variability can exacerbate the negative impact of surface mining, the possibility of this was assessed. It was found that the production of AMD was likely in at least one of the coal mines in Moatize. The mine water from coal mines in Moatize was found to have a high content of sulfate, calcium, magnesium and manganese. A set of guidelines for coal mine effluents that was developed, based on different guidelines obtained from around the world, was proposed for Mozambique. Sulfate reducing bacteria coupled with adsorption appeared to be appropriate for removing these pollutants. Cassava peels used as adsorbents appeared to be effective in removing calcium, magnesium and manganese. Based on climate data, the period from November on through February was found to be the period in which the pollution load in Moatize was greatest. Since the flow rate in the Revúbué River, which is close to the coal mines, is highly dependent upon the precipitation that occurs during the rainy season, the discharge of polluted mine water should be avoided. To achieve sustainable mining in Moatize, the coal mining companies, the regulators and the stakeholders from water sector there need to work together. A framework for integrating efforts to satisfy the needs of the different stakeholders involved in the water sector in Moatize was proposed. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6f0f5bfc-15f1-4b5c-9d24-6e34be2089d2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25067030/Estevao_Pondja_thesis.pdf application/pdf 1598065 no 2017-05-08 eng coal mining,acid mine drainage, mine water treatment, climate change, low-cost adsorbent Water Treatment Bioremediation Mineral and Mine Engineering Environmental Management 978-91-7753-289-7 978-91-7753-290-3 43 2017-06-02T10:15:00+02:00 6f0f5bfc-15f1-4b5c-9d24-6e34be2089d2 2017-05-08T10:54:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-08T10:54:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ba0361c9-7492-41cc-9287-5d8534490f5d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall C, Center for chemistry and chemical engineering (Kemicentrum), Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund. 1 Axel Thuresson author 5b176f39-cf39-4ac6-9485-6e75936fa8eb Marie Skepö supervisor ed8299e4-0e9d-4dbb-9a76-3471cc6d5614 Magnus Ullner supervisor c38c43f7-c0ba-4ba1-ab20-2dddef81128f Professor Jon Otto Fossum opponent Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Computational Chemistry v1000659 department Many clay minerals consist of charged nanoplatelets that swell in an aqueous solution. The swelling and the microstructure depend on the type of clay mineral but are also dependent on, for example, the ionic composition and the temperature of the solution. The synthetic clay mineral Laponite and the natural clay mineral montmorillonite have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The swelling has been studied by swelling pressure measurements in a test cell and the microstructure has been studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Theoretically, Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the electrostatic interactions between the platelets and an adsorbing polymer was also included. Coarse-grained models have been used to represent the platelets, the ions, and the polymers. This thesis can be divided into three parts:<br/><br/>In the first part, the tactoid formation (platelets aggregating face-to-face with an equidistant separation) and the microstructure of negatively charged platelets were investigated by simulations. Tactoid formation was promoted by increasing the platelet surface charge density, the platelet size, the ion valency, and the salt concentration. With enough added salt, an isodesmic model was suggested that gives a monotonically decaying distribution of aggregation numbers.<br/><br/>In the second part, the tactoid formation and the microstructure were investigated with respect to the platelet size for flocculated Laponite and montmorillonite at elevated salt concentrations, with and without the addition of the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG). The smaller Laponite platelets give rise to a more disordered microstructure compared to the larger montmorillonite platelets. The number of platelets per tactoid increased with the addition of PEG. The simulations suggested that the role of the salt is to screen the repulsive interactions between the platelets, and the role of the polymer is to bridge between the platelets.<br/><br/>In the third part, the temperature response of Na/Ca montmorillonite was investigated. It was found that the swelling pressure increased with increased temperature if sodium is the dominating counterion whereas the opposite was found if calcium is the dominating counterion. The simulations predicted this behavior and it was shown that the results could be explained by a single equation. De flesta anser nog att kemi och speciellt teoretisk kemi är ett mycket komplext ämne, medan lera nog anses som ett begripligt koncept. Det man kanske inte tänker på är att många leror utgörs till stor del av elektrostatiskt laddade nanopartiklar där dess beteende kan förstås genom just ämnena kemi och teoretisk kemi. De laddade nanopartiklarna, även kallade lerplattor, är formade som tunna pannkakor och har en tjocklek som är en miljardels meter. Diametern kan variera och är mellan fem till tusen gånger större än tjockleken. Detta kan jämföras med ett A4-ark där kortsidan är två tusen gånger större än tjockleken.<br/><br/>Lera har en otrolig mängd tillämpningar, exempelvis vid kärnavfallshantering, papperstillverkning, och vid borrning efter gas och olja. Sverige planerar att slutförvara det farliga radioaktiva avfallet från de svenska kärnkraftverken i kopparkapslar som sedan bäddas in i bentonitlera 500 m under marken. Bentonitlera utgörs till stor del av lerplattor som är av lermineralen montmorillonit. Tanken är att bentonitleran ska skydda kopparkapseln både fysiskt och kemiskt under väldigt lång tid (upp till en miljon år) tills det anses vara ofarligt för människan. <br/>Eftersom grundvattnets innehåll och temperaturen varierar över tiden är det viktigt att utvärdera lerans egenskaper, för att få en förståelse kring hur och varför den beter sig som den gör.<br/><br/>Lera används också som fyllnadsämne vid papperstillverkning för att öka papprets vithet och ogenomskinlighet. Bentonitlera tillsätts till vatten i vissa fall vid borrning efter gas och olja, delvis för att smörja och kyla borren, men även p.g.a. att leran är tixotrop (låg viskositet vid rörelse och hög viskositet vid upphörd rörelse). När man slutar pumpa upp det material man vill avlägsna ifrån borrhålet så stelnar leran vilket förhindrar stenar att falla till botten av borrhålet. Däremot vill man inte att leran som finns nere i marken ska lösas upp och svälla för mycket när man borrar eftersom det kan minska borrhastigheten. Därför tillsätter man andra material för att förhindra denna process. Därmed är det vikigt att förstå varför och hur dessa material interagerar med leran.<br/><br/>De lermineraler som har undersökts i denna avhandling sväller när man lägger dem i vatten. Svällningen beror på typen av lera men är också beroende på t.ex. vilken surhetsgrad, typ av salt, salthalt, och temperatur. Det är effekten av de tre senare som har undersökts i denna avhandling i olika sammanhang. För att få en så bra förståelse som möjligt har experiment och datorsimuleringar kombinerats. De experimentella tekniker som använts är lågvinkel röntgenspridning (SAXS), elektronmikroskopi (cryo-TEM), och svälltrycksmätningar. Eftersom lerplattorna inte kan ses med blotta ögat så har SAXS och cryo-TEM använts för att få en inblick i hur lerplattorna växelverkar samt hur de organiserar sig i förhållande till varandra, dvs. man studerar mikrostrukturen hos lerplattorna. Svälltrycksmätningar används för att mäta det osmotiska trycket en lera ger upphov till för en given volymsfraktion och genom att göra dessa mätningar så får man en uppfattning om vilka krafter som finns i systemet. Datorsimuleringar har använts för att försöka förutsäga och förstå de mekanismer som ger leran dess egenskaper. Den här avhandlingen är indelad i tre studier:<br/><br/>Den första studien fokuserar på datorsimuleringar där effekten av lerplattornas laddning, storlek och flexibilitet samt typ av salt och dess koncentration påverkar hur lerplattorna aggregerar till en större partikel, s.k. taktoid. En taktoid kan ses som en bunt pappersark.<br/><br/>Den andra delen handlar om hur den syntetiska lermineralen Laponit skiljer sig mot montmorillonit vid hög saltkoncentration. Laponitplattorna har en mycket mindre diameter än montmorillonitplattorna vilket ger upphov till en mer oordnad mikrostruktur för Laponit. SAXS och cryo-TEM mätningar visade att mikrostrukturen blev mer ordnad då man tillsatte en polymer. Med hjälp av datorsimuleringar så föreslogs en bryggningsmekanism, dvs. polymeren drar ihop plattorna och skapar en extra attraktion i systemet vilket ger upphov till större taktoider och en mer ordnad mikrostruktur.<br/><br/>I den tredje och sista delen av avhandlingen undersöktes temperaturresponsen hos montmorillonit med hjälp av svälltrycksmätningar och SAXS. När de negativt laddade lerplattorna kompenseras av natriumjoner ökar trycket med ökad temperatur. Om natriumjonerna byts ut mot kalciumjoner minskar trycket med ökad temperatur. Simuleringarna kunde förklara de experimentella resultaten och det visade sig att mekanismen kan förstås endast genom en enda ekvation. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ba0361c9-7492-41cc-9287-5d8534490f5d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25069090/Axel_Thuresson_spikfil.pdf application/pdf 31065844 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry 2017 eng Nanoplatelets Model clay system Coarse grained models Statistical mechanics MC simulations MD simulations SAXS Cryo-TEM Laponite Montmorillonite Swelling Tactoid Theoretical Chemistry (including Computational Chemistry) 978-91-7422-522-8 978-91-7422-523-5 130 2017-06-02T10:15:00+02:00 ba0361c9-7492-41cc-9287-5d8534490f5d 2017-05-08T14:08:27+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-08T14:08:27+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6e0c460a-3b8f-4690-a45c-67fc4933fda9 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kvinnoklinikens aula, plan 2, Jan Waldenströmsgata 47, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Malmö 1 TERESE LINDBERG author 368960ab-2441-4f33-ae32-514292305a5b Sölve Elmståhl supervisor 31d5f144-357b-47a5-b93f-f5c60fde92a7 Johan Sanmartin Berglund supervisor Doris Bohman supervisor MD, PhD, associate professor Johan Engdahl opponent Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Geriatrics v1001186 department Geriatrics research group Older people with arrhythmias comprise a large group requiring complex care, posing many healthcare challenges. Rapid growth of the older population demands a better understanding of the needs of this patient group. The aim of this thesis was to investigate arrhythmia prevalence, incidence, survival, and experiences from the perspective of a geriatric population (aged 60+ years), and to examine the feasibility of using the new wireless LTR ECG-BodyKom® device for arrhythmia screening. This thesis comprises four studies (I–IV) performed using data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). The results illustrate different perspectives regarding arrhythmias in the older general population. In Study I, 6904 subjects underwent ECG at baseline, of whom 3419 subjects (49.5%) of 66–105 years of age also underwent resting ECG at their 6-year follow-up visit. At baseline, there was a 4.9% prevalence (95% CI, 4.5–5.5) of atrial fibrillation (AF), and an 8.4% prevalence (95% CI, 7.7–9.0) of other arrhythmias, including ventricular premature complexes, supraventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular extrasystole. Additionally, 7.1% (95% CI, 6.5–7.7) exhibited a first or second degree AV block, and 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0–1.6) had a pacemaker-induced rhythm. Baseline arrhythmia presence did not significantly differ between men and women. The 6-year cumulative incidence of AF was 4.1% (95% CI, 3.5–4.9) or 6.9/1000 person-years (py) (95% CI, 5.7–8.0). Subgroup analyses revealed AF incidences of 9.9/1000 py (95% CI, 7.8–11.9) among men; 4.4/1,000 py (95% CI, 3.1–5.6) among women; 3.7/1000 py (95% CI, 2.6-4.7) in the 60- and 66-year age cohort; 8.9/1000 py (95% CI, 6.3–11.4) in the 72- and 78-year cohort; 20/1000 py (95% CI, 14.2-25.7) in the 81-, 84-, and 87-year cohort; and 18/1000 py (95% CI, 0.8–26.7) among those ≥90 years old. Incidences of AF, other arrhythmias, AV block, and pacemaker-induced rhythm were significantly higher among men, except in the oldest cohorts. Study II revealed that among 6904 persons (mean age, 73.9 years) the overall AF prevalence was 4.9%, which increased with age, except in the oldest subgroup. AF at baseline was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.10–1.51) for death during the 10-year observation period. Cox regression analysis in persons with AF (n=341) revealed that men had a higher HR for death (1.57; 95% CI, 1.15–2.13) compared to women (P&lt;0.01). CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly associated with 10-year death (HR=1.29/score point; 95% CI, 1.10–1.51). A total of 146 participants (146%) reported any form of oral anticoagulant (OAC) use, and 14% reported OAC treatment with warfarin. Cox regression analysis of warfarin (33.6%) and ASA (66.4%), separately, revealed that warfarin was significantly associated with survival (P=0.031). Study III revealed persistent AF in 10% and paroxysmal AF in 5.5% of the population aged ≥66 years, with no differences between younger (66–80 years) and older (&gt;80 years) subgroups. Our findings support LTR ECG-BodyKom® as a feasible method of screening for arrhythmias in older outpatient populations. This simple method requires little of the user, and participants reported high satisfaction with the equipment and a good overall experience wearing it. Study IV focused on geriatric experiences of living with arrhythmias. Interviews with older persons revealed one main theme: “ambivalence in the need of knowledge”. With regards to requiring lifelong medical treatment, participants expressed feelings of “it doesn’t matter, but it does matter” and “being in the hands of the healthcare system”. The participants lacked sufficient knowledge about their condition, leaving them with poor insight into their medical treatment, which, in turn, affected their daily life. They had thoughts and questions about their medical treatment, but had no opportunity to discuss these questions due to a lack of follow-up from the healthcare system. The findings of this thesis contribute to the knowledge regarding increasing arrhythmia occurrence in the older population, and the high number of untreated cases of AF. Furthermore the results demonstrate that AF is associated with increased mortality, and highlight sex-related differences in AF incidence. In line with findings from Europe and the USA, our findings show that AF incidence rapidly increases with advancing age. This thesis also highlights the present lack of knowledge and the need for follow-up and information regarding AF in the oldest old population. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6e0c460a-3b8f-4690-a45c-67fc4933fda9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25072207/E_spik_pdf_Terese.pdf application/pdf 2214834 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 swe arrhythmia, epidemiology, experiences, incidence, older people, prevalence, survival, wireless long-term ECG Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-466-9 71 2017-05-30T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:86 6e0c460a-3b8f-4690-a45c-67fc4933fda9 2017-05-08T18:53:22+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-05-08T18:53:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:df00098e-c798-48e0-ac6f-4793ba4aa3f5 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, WNC, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Andreas Martinsson author 58854497-8060-488b-a99f-0084d8d65098 Gustav Smith supervisor 82c8b934-aa47-4871-9b3b-be7c8526d14d Kristina Sundquist supervisor 84728074-b32a-4012-b33a-46aa96fd989f Charlotte Andersson supervisor 9f84b074-4575-4ccd-9e87-68b0e933b6da David Erlinge supervisor a19c7e47-1a4a-4dae-8606-2af13ddabf7a professor Anders Jeppsson opponent Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg Cardiology v1000432 department Molecular Epidemiology and Cardiology v1001005 department Molecular Epidemiology and Cardiology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/df00098e-c798-48e0-ac6f-4793ba4aa3f5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25072427/Epidemiological_aspects_of_aortic_stenosis_kappa_8_5.pdf application/pdf 3539490 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Epidemiologi Aortastenos Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-459-1 97 2017-05-26T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:79 df00098e-c798-48e0-ac6f-4793ba4aa3f5 2017-05-08T19:48:31+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:29Z 2017-05-08T19:48:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cc84af9a-fc8a-4877-88c6-111c008b28f3 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Sölvegatan 14, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Mahtab Aghaeipour author 0b359bb6-fd44-44f3-a3d0-c31361414245 Håkan Pettersson supervisor Professor Constance Chang-Hasnain opponent University of California, Berkeley, USA NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Solid State Physics v1000623 department Semiconductor nanowires show a great deal of promise for applications in a wide<br/>range of important fields, including photovoltaics, biomedicine, and information<br/>technology. Developing these exciting applications is strongly dependent on<br/>understanding the fundamental properties of nanowires, such as their optical<br/>resonances and absorption spectra. In this thesis we explore optical absorption spectra of arrays of vertical III-V nanowires with a special emphasis on structures optimized to enhance absorption in the solar spectrum.<br/>First, we analyze experimentally determined absorption spectra of both indium<br/>phosphide (InP) and gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowire arrays. The study provides an intuitive understanding of how the observed absorption resonances in the nanowires may be tuned as a function of their geometrical parameters and crystal structure. As a consequence, the spectral position of absorption resonances can be precisely controlled through the nanowire diameter. However, the results highlight how the blue-shift in the optical absorption resonances as the diameter of the nanowires decreases comes to a halt at low diameters. The stop point is related to the behavior of the refractive indices of the nanowires. The wavelength of the stop is different for nanowire polytypes of similar dimensions due to differences in their refractive indices.<br/>We then present a theoretical argument that it is important to consider symmetry<br/>properties when tailoring the optical modes excited in the nanowires for enhanced absorption. We show that absorption spectra may be enhanced compared to vertical nanowires at normal incidence by tilting the nanowires with normal incidence light, or by using off-normal incidence with vertical nanowires. This is because additional optical modes inside the nanowires are excited when the symmetry is broken. Looking forward to omnidirectional applications, we consider branched nanowires as a way to enhance the absorption spectra at normal incidence by taking advantage of simultaneous excitation of the spectrally different optical modes in the branches and the stems.<br/>Third, we describe in theoretical terms how integrating distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with the nanowires can improve absorption spectra compared to conventional nanowires. DBRs provide a way to employ light trapping mechanisms which increases the optical path length of the excited modes and thereby improves the absorption of the excited modes. At normal incidence, DBR-nanowires improve the absorption efficiency to 78%, compared to 72% for conventional nanowires. We show that the efficiency is increased to 85% for an off-normal incident angle of 50˚.<br/>Overall, our results show that studies of optical resonances in nanowires that take the light-matter interaction into account provide opportunities to develop novel optical and optoelectronic functionalities in nanoscience and nanotechnology. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cc84af9a-fc8a-4877-88c6-111c008b28f3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25109484/E_nailing_PDF_Mahtab_WOpapers.pdf application/pdf 9934984 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25109125/Pop_PDF_Mahtab.pdf application/pdf 102483 no 2017-06-02 eng III-V nanowires, absorption, optical modes, photovoltaics Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Aghaeipour Nano-technology 978-91-7753-277-4 978-91-7753-278-1 2017-06-02T13:15:00+02:00 cc84af9a-fc8a-4877-88c6-111c008b28f3 2017-05-09T09:58:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-09T09:58:19+02:00

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theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:207 1 Anna Tegunimataka author 1b4afd2c-7606-49be-82e1-42db903ddc4a Jonas Helgertz supervisor 9a62804f-76ac-48a5-a8d5-16bde5009295 Anders Nilsson supervisor 3d2dfe34-6d0b-4bee-84a0-279b2acf2cd9 Professor Helga de Valk opponent University of Groningen Department of Economic History v1000022 department Centre for Economic Demography v1000018 department This dissertation examines socio-economic outcomes of first and second generation immigrants in Denmark and adds to our understanding of different trajectories of immigrant integration by studying policy and family related<br/>factors. The association between family composition and socio-economic outcomes of the individual is in this thesis examined by studying the effects of intermarriage. Comparably high intermarriage premiums are found for foregin born who experience limited possibilities in the Danish labor market. Positive effects of intermarriage are also found when comparing the educational performance of children of intermarriage to the educational performance of children with two foreign born parents, also when taking school and family level characteristics into account.<br/><br/>Policy and legislation constitute other factors that can either stimulate or hinder immigrant integration. Rules and regulations concerning naturalization is one such policy area. Consistent naturalization premiums are found in this dissertation, but only for immigrants who are more marginalized in the Danish labor market. Also education policies matter. An educational reform with the aim of enhancing immigrant integration by increasing school children’s Danish language proficiency is studied. The assumption was that by removing supplementary mother tongue education, the focus on learning the Danish language would be strengthened. The results, however, rather show negative effects of the reform, as the removal led to lower grades in Danish, thus the results support the argument that mother-tongue proficiency matters for second language acquisition.<br/><br/>Common findings in all studies included in this dissertation are the large group differences in terms of results. For immigrants who originate from countries that are more culturally and geographically proximate to Denmark, naturalization and intermarriage are less important as integration tools. These groups already tend to be economically and socially integrated in Danish society, and they seem to be less in need of an additional boost from changing citizenship or marrying a Dane. Instead groups with more distant countries of origin are benefiting<br/>from intermarriage and naturalization. Children of intermarriage indeed tend to perform better in school than children belonging to the second generation of immigrants, and their performance is more in line with the performance of native Danes. But when taking parental heterogeneity into account differences emerge, and children with a non-native parent originating from a country more culturally and geographically distant from Denmark, tend to have an educational performance more in line with the second generation of immigrants. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cc303c2e-deb6-4ff0-9170-6245967ce50b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25112364/Anna_Tegunimataka_webb.pdf application/pdf 1691125 no Lund University 2017-05-09 eng Naturalization mother-tongue education intermarriage immigrant integration Denmark Economic History 978-91-87793-34-9 978-91-87793-35-6 218 2017-06-02T14:15:00+02:00 cc303c2e-deb6-4ff0-9170-6245967ce50b 2017-05-09T14:49:41+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-09T14:49:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e0b715e7-a602-4644-b077-109b26498330 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Gustav Cedersjö author 332f960b-610a-49a3-be02-e8a0b2c8d3d4 Jörn Janneck supervisor 52ee3334-1c3b-499d-b6e7-09478fdfac60 Krzysztof Kuchcinski supervisor c0b0ced6-0645-41f7-9565-654dae2dfb41 Doktor Ingo Sander opponent KTH Royal Institut of Technology, Stockholm Department of Computer Science v1000234 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Parallel Systems v1001417 department The way we use computers and mobile phones today requires large amounts of processing of data streams. Examples include digital signal processing for wireless transmission, audio and video coding for recording and watching videos, and noise reduction for the phone calls. These tasks can be performed by stream programs—computer programs that process streams of data. <br/><br/>Stream programs can be composed of other stream programs. Components of a composition are connected in a network, i.e. the output streams of one component are sent as input streams to other components. The components, that perform the actual computation, are called kernels. They can be described in different styles and programming languages. There are also formal models for describing the kernels and the networks. One such model is the actor machine.<br/><br/>This dissertation evaluates the actor machine, how it facilitates creating efficient software implementation of stream programs. The evaluation is divided into four aspects: (1) analyzability of its structure, (2) generality in what languages and styles it can express, (3) efficient implementation of kernels, and (4) efficient implementation of networks. This dissertation demonstrates all four aspects through implementation and evaluation of a stream program compiler based on actor machines. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e0b715e7-a602-4644-b077-109b26498330 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25151313/dis.pdf application/pdf 629930 no Department of Computer Science, Lund University 2017 eng stream programs dataflow with firing Kahn processes compilers actor machine Computer and Information Sciences 978-91-7753-319-1 978-91-7753-320-7 155 2017-06-07T13:15:00+02:00 e0b715e7-a602-4644-b077-109b26498330 2017-05-10T10:45:50+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-10T10:45:50+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3620282f-42f6-4471-9f15-cfe5deacbb5d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room 2005-7, Medical Radiation Physics, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 49, Malmö 1 Karl Östlund author c861bd5b-83bc-4994-9941-95129f29d32c Christopher Rääf supervisor 3ad72367-ae02-4e95-b644-3ba554a9bceb Christer Samuelsson supervisor d41d62e1-3668-4a69-9a43-09cd682c9d18 Sören Mattsson supervisor b069c961-7422-4032-8f1f-387b1570c517 Professor David C.W. Sanderson opponent Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group <p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">This thesis describes investigations made on mobile and stationary gamma</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">spectrometry made both under laboratory conditions and <i>in situ</i>. The objective has</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">been to identify and quantify radionuclides in the form of point sources,</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">contamination and widespread deposition in situations where the measurement</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">geometry is not known beforehand. Both scintillators and semiconductor detectors of</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">similar size were tested in a backpack configuration in the vicinity of an unmapped</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">underground waste storage in the Republic of Georgia. The results showed that a high</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">efficiency HPGe detector (&gt;100% relative efficiency) was the best choice with respect</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">to sensitivity compared to LaBr₃(Ce) and NaI(Tl) detectors. It was also the most</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">cumbersome system of them all in terms of field operability due to the liquid</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">nitrogen. The evaluation method of plotting the full energy peak count rate on maps</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">worked well, especially when assessment of the maps was made offline by an external</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">base support, which speeded up the field work significantly. A large part of the thesis</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">has been focused on evaluating and using the so-called peak-to-valley method (PTV</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">method). Measurements and simulations to investigate components in the pulse</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">height distribution contributing to the PTV ratio have been done both in a laboratory</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">and outdoors in a controlled radiation environment as well as <i>in situ</i>. The PTV</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">studies have been focused on investigating how well the method works for</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">quantification of ¹³⁷Cs, with the aim of either finding a reliable point source depth, or</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">a factor to correct the estimated surface equivalent mean deposition in situ,</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">compensating for the shielding effects brought on by the ground penetration of ¹³⁷Cs.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">In order to better understand the scatter processes of ¹³⁷Cs photons in the air, ground</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">and the surrounding material of the detector, simulations in MCNP5 and</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">measurements have been performed in various configurations.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">The simulations and measurements performed with a well-characterized HPGe</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">detector in a low gamma background room, revealed a 25% difference in full energy</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">peak efficiency between simulation and measurement for 662 keV photons from</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">¹³⁷Cs. The inner components of a detector appeared to have significant impact on</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">agreement between simulation and measurement and components contributing to</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">this impact were identified.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Regarding the PTV ratio three HPGe detectors were compared with respect to their</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">angular PTV ratio response, to prepare for a sensitive approach on estimating</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">deposition penetration depth of ¹³⁷Cs <i>in situ</i>. Detectors of sizes ranging from 18% to</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">123% in relative efficiency showed similar PTV ratios for incident angles between 0°</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">and 90° when using a 30 keV valley interval. The point source measurements showed</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">that a field of view of about 3 m in radius was a good choice presenting the possibility</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">to resolve whether the deposition is on the ground surface or has penetrated beneath</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">the surface.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">When the detector systems were brought to the fallout areas outside Fukushima</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Daiichi in Japan the evaluation of the ¹³⁷Cs PTV ratios showed perturbation, which</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">was ascribed the presence of ¹³⁴Cs. The laboratory investigations of this perturbation</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">showed a significant disturbance down to a ¹³⁴Cs:¹³⁷Cs ratio in the deposition of</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">1:100. To follow up on earlier results indicating an improvement in the reliability of</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">the PTV ratio for both ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs, a collimator was applied at the <i>in situ</i></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">measurement locations in the Fukushima Daiichi region. The collimation increased</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">the PTV ratio significantly for ¹³⁴Cs but not so for ¹³⁷Cs when both radionuclides</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">were present. This indicated that the ¹³⁴Cs PTV ratio should be used instead of that</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">for ¹³⁷Cs the first decade after an accident where both cesium radionuclides are</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">released. If no ¹³⁴Cs is present the collimator will successfully improve the ¹³⁷Cs PTV</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">ratio due to the advantages of limiting incident angles to those close to the detector.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Inom beredskapen mot radiologiska och nukleära olyckor och katastrofer spelar strålningsmätningar en avgörande roll för att ta reda på vad som har hänt och hur farligt det är för människa, djur och natur och på vilket sätt det påverkar miljö och samhällsfunktioner. I Sverige och många andra länder i världen har allmänheten en rättighet att få reda på vad som hänt och vad de utsätts för i ett eventuellt olycksscenario. Till stor del besvaras detta av resultat från strålningsmätningar som utförs direkt efter olyckan och under en lång period därefter. Olyckorna eller händelserna kan vara begränsade i utbredning eller påverka gigantiska landområden. Det kan också vara en eller flera platser där man upptäckt strålkällor. Den gemensamma faktorn kring dessa händelser och platser är att man vet väldigt lite i början om vad som hänt eller hur läget egentligen är. För att på bästa sätt kunna förklara för allmänheten över tid och för att myndigheter ska kunna göra korrekta bedömningar, behövs resultat från mätningar med olika syfte. Mätningar i olika skeden behövs löpande, dvs. med långt tidsperspektiv för att göra en s.k. historiebeskrivning av händelsen (dokumentation) som visar vad som hände och vad vi utsattes för.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Mätningarna i början direkt efter olyckan eller händelsen syftar till att dels ta reda på var radioaktiviteten har tagit vägen och hur mycket som eventuellt har landat, eller finns på eller i marken. Ofta räcker det med att mäta doshastigheten i början tillsammans med att man gjort en mätning och konstaterat vilka radioaktiva ämnen (radionuklider) som kommit ut. Men speciellt för händelser där radioaktivitet spridits ut, så uppstår relativt snart högre krav på mätningarna och detaljnivån som efterfrågas är högre. </p><p class="MsoNormal">För att myndigheter skall kunna göra uppskattningar av hur dosen till invånare och i prioriterade delar av samhället kommer utveckla sig, behöver man i ett senare skede veta mer om hur de radioaktiva ämnen som släppts ut förflyttar sig i miljön, både mellan olika platser och hur de fördelar sig ned i marken. Om ett ämne relativt snabbt sjunker ned i marken så minskas stråldosen till människan ganska mycket bara för några centimeters nedträngning. Det som sker är att marken skärmar den radioaktiva beläggningen effektivt. Detsamma gäller för när radioaktiviteten tränger ned i snö. Om beläggningen ligger kvar upp på markytan eller snön så är det i ett lite senare perspektiv bra att veta detta, så att man kan göra prioriteringar i arbetet att återställa efter olyckan, det s.k. saneringsarbetet. Det blir samtidigt viktigare och viktigare för myndigheter att kunna stötta sig på fakta för att vinna allmänhetens förtroende när åtgärder gör intrång i enskildas människors liv som upplevs svåra att acceptera. </p><p class="MsoNormal">De radioaktiva ämnen som har visat sig vara av störst betydelse från de två senaste kärnkraftsolyckorna är ¹³⁴Cs och ¹³⁷Cs (Cesium). Den här avhandlingen har försökt att förbättra en befintlig metod som kallas peak-to-valley metoden, då intresset för uppskattningar var i marken radioaktiviteten befinner sig har ökat efter kärnkraftsolyckan i Fukushima, Japan. Metoden försöker använda specifika delar i ett spektrum från en detektor för att ge mer information än bara mängden radioaktiva ämnen på marken. Metoden är till för att försöka visa var det radioaktiva cesiumet befinner sig i marken. </p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"/><p class="MsoNormal">Den här avhandlingen har utforskat nya sätt att applicera metoden med varierande resultat som följd. Genom att använda en tjock blycylinder runt detektorn som hindrar strålning från långt bort att nå detektorn, kan man på ett noggrannare sätt ta reda på nedträngningsdjup. Samtidigt får man naturligtvis reda på hur mycket radioaktivitet som finns på marken, fast för en betydligt mindre yta. Det finns en rad andra intressanta applikationer för en sådan metod, vilka kan vara väldigt intressanta att utforska i framtiden.</p> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3620282f-42f6-4471-9f15-cfe5deacbb5d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25154004/e_spik_Karl.pdf application/pdf 11837751 no Lund University, Faculty of Science 2017 eng In situ gamma spectrometry Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-240-8 76 2017-06-01T09:00:00+02:00 3620282f-42f6-4471-9f15-cfe5deacbb5d 2017-05-10T14:42:24+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-10T14:42:24+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3d09fb9a-8337-4791-a028-7b23bc005a21 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsalen, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Petter Skoog author 4d202b74-19f3-492f-81e3-67ea44ffcacf Christer Wingren supervisor d5e72370-43cc-43ed-9b4c-d05971c2b4c9 Carl Borrebaeck supervisor 68077eca-2a0b-4da1-9080-9f8bf8b352a6 Docent Jochen Schwenk opponent Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, Solna Department of Immunotechnology v1000212 department The use of antibodies as capture molecules in assays is a common practice. By either printing monoclonal single chain fragment variables (scFvs) on a solid support – recombinant antibody microarray – or attaching them to magnetic beads – Global Proteome Survey (GPS) – we can specifically capture and measure target proteins of interest. Using the recombinant antibody microarray, we target predominantly intact immunoregualtory proteins, and measure their expression patterns in clinical samples, such as cancer samples. With GPS, we target peptides derived from digested (cancer) samples to identify and quantify a variety of proteins. While antibody microarrays use one antibody per targeted protein, GPS targets peptides, where one antibody can bind hundreds of different proteins – i.e. one antibody per several target proteins. The latter is accomplished by designing antibodies against a short 4 to6 amino acid long peptide motif shared among these proteins. In this thesis, both of these methods have been used to decipher cancer biomarker signatures.<br/>In paper I, the antibody microarray was used to examine the immunosignature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and how the profile of the immune response differed between cancer patients compared to both healthy and benign controls. We successfully identified an immunosignature of four to ten scFv antibodies that could classify PDAC from controls with high specificity and sensitivity.<br/>In paper II we investigated with the antibody microarray how the immune response evolved with, and shaped, emerging cancer cells in patients later diagnosed with breast cancer using antibody microarray. By determining protein expression profiles for cases and controls, we identified several deregulated immunological proteins that reflected evolving breast cancer, up to two years before diagnosis.<br/>In papers III and IV, we used both the antibody microarrays and GPS to decipher biomarker signatures to differentiate between histological grades in breast cancer tumors. With molecular signatures capable of classifying grade, we could also visualize the heterogeneity of intermediate grade 2 tumors. Grade 2 tumors have little clinical prognostic value, and a majority of samples are classified as grade 2. Results from paper IV showed that it might be possible to reclassify many of these samples as either grade 1 or 3, giving clinicians further information for optimal treatment selection.<br/>In conclusion, in this thesis I have demonstrated the use of profiling parts of the immune response as a tool for surveying and classifying disease, by using antibodies as specific binders to capture and measure low and high abundant proteins. <br/> The use of antibodies as capture molecules in assays is a common practice. By either printing monoclonal single chain fragment variables (scFvs) on a solid support – recombinant antibody microarray – or attaching them to magnetic beads – Global Proteome Survey (GPS) – we can specifically capture and measure target proteins of interest. Using the recombinant antibody microarray, we target<br/>predominantly intact immunoregualtory proteins, and measure their expression patterns in clinical samples, such as cancer samples. With GPS, we target peptides derived from digested (cancer) samples to identify and quantify a variety of proteins. While antibody microarrays use one antibody per targeted<br/>protein, GPS targets peptides, where one antibody can bind hundreds of different proteins – i.e. one antibody per several target proteins. The latter is accomplished by designing antibodies against a short 4 to 6 amino acid long peptide motif shared among these proteins. In this thesis, both of these methods have been used to decipher cancer biomarker signatures.<br/>In paper I, the antibody microarray was used to examine the immunosignature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and how the profile of the immune response differed between cancer patients compared to both healthy and benign controls. We successfully identified an immunosignature of four to ten scFv antibodies that could classify PDAC from controls with high specificity and sensitivity. <br/>In paper II we investigated with the antibody microarray how the immune response evolved with, and shaped, emerging cancer cells in patients later diagnosed with breast cancer using antibody microarray. By determining protein expression profiles for cases and controls, we identified several deregulated<br/>immunological proteins that reflected evolving breast cancer, up to two years before diagnosis.<br/>In papers III and IV, we used both the antibody microarrays and GPS to decipher biomarker signatures to differentiate between histological grades in breast cancer tumors. With molecular signatures capable of classifying grade, we could also visualize the heterogeneity of intermediate grade 2 tumors. Grade 2<br/>tumors have little clinical prognostic value, and a majority of samples are classified as grade 2. Results from paper IV showed that it might be possible to reclassify many of these samples as either grade 1 or 3, giving clinicians further information for optimal treatment selection.<br/>In conclusion, in this thesis I have demonstrated the use of profiling parts of the immune response as a tool for surveying and classifying disease, by using antibodies as specific binders to capture and measure low and high abundant proteins. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3d09fb9a-8337-4791-a028-7b23bc005a21 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25549453/Avhandling_Petter_Skoog_2.pdf application/pdf 14354938 no 1 Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University 2017-06-09 eng Breast Cancer Pancreatic cancer antibody microarray Immunosignature Global Proteome Survey Affinity proteomics Biomarker Natural Sciences Immunology 978-91-7753-265-1 978-91-7753-266-8 74 2017-06-09T09:15:00+02:00 3d09fb9a-8337-4791-a028-7b23bc005a21 2017-05-10T15:51:32+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-10T15:51:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:79b0f155-681b-48d3-bb2d-ee936177d486 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Arash Mokhtari author 26fcc08e-a10c-4891-a510-8284e0498278 Ulf Ekelund supervisor 11b734f2-cfd9-43bb-a0be-334717b34eee Sasha Koul supervisor c42eca26-fe91-4850-94fd-768d7f0618e1 Jakob Lundager Forberg supervisor 7a2d95d3-723f-48e1-9c86-6283b409f26e Professor Hans Kirkegaard opponent Department of Clinical Medicine - Center for Akutforskning Medicine/Emergency Medicine, Lund v1000435 department AIR Lund Chest pain - More efficient and equal emergency care with advanced medical decision support tools project https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/79b0f155-681b-48d3-bb2d-ee936177d486 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25192894/e_spik_version.pdf application/pdf 2167532 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 swe acute coronary syndrome, chest pain, diagnosis, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, troponin T Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-443-0 75 2017-05-26T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:63 79b0f155-681b-48d3-bb2d-ee936177d486 2017-05-11T09:08:42+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:30Z 2017-05-11T09:08:42+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:96f74e7f-45b8-4292-b3ea-6b8b3607bc92 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 16, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Sandeep Chakane author 47f68bed-ed42-4ac8-b55f-478ddaf34f96 Doktor Felice D'Agnillo opponent Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA Pure and Applied Biochemistry v1000655 department Blood transfusion is a clinically significant and crucial process, which saves millions of lives every year. However,<br/>shortage of donated blood and the risk of virus transmission through transfusible blood seriously affect the<br/>availability of the blood. Hemoglobin (Hb), owing to its oxygen carrying capacity, has been studied as a starting<br/>material for the development of artificial blood substitutes/Hb-based oxygen carrier (HBOC). Several kinds of<br/>HBOC products have been developed and tested for their safety at different stages of clinical trials with minimal<br/>success. The failure of such products is mainly associated with intrinsic toxicity of cell-free Hb which damages<br/>lipids, proteins, DNA and surrounding tissues. This thesis describes two approaches aiming to gain further<br/>knowledge of potential side effects of Hb molecules on genetic material. Additionally, genetic engineering<br/>approach was used as an alternative to chemical modification of Hb molecule, which is essential for the<br/>performance of HBOC product in cell-free environment.<br/>Using the comet assay, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of the penultimate tyrosine residues of the alpha<br/>and beta chains. Replacement of a tyrosine residue with phenylalanine, in the alpha chain (α-Y140F) has shown<br/>40% higher DNA damage compared to wildtype HbA. However, a similar mutant on the beta chain had negligible<br/>effect on the genotoxicity of Hb molecule.<br/>In a plasmid DNA cleavage assay, we have demonstrated that Hb itself can interact with DNA molecules and<br/>initiate their cleavage. Conversion of supercoiled plasmid DNA (sc pDNA) into open circular (ocDNA) or linear<br/>DNA (LDNA) was used to determine the DNA cleavage activity of Hb. Our investigation revealed that fetal<br/>hemoglobin (HbF) was three-fold less active than adult hemoglobin (HbA). Thus, we have proposed HbF as a<br/>potential starting material for creation of safe HBOC product.<br/>In a second approach, we have demonstrated beneficial effects of a polypeptide tag (dubbed XTEN) genetically<br/>attached to fusion fetal hemoglobin (fHbF), forming XTEN-HbF. The main purpose of this XTEN polymer is to<br/>avoid the chemical processing such as PEGylation, which often increases the production cost. Additionally,<br/>PEGylation also impair the structural and functional properties of Hb molecule. Using XTEN polypeptide, the<br/>functional properties of a fHbF remains largely unchanged, reflected by identical oxygen affinity and absorption<br/>spectra. XTEN-HbF was produced as a homogenous mixture of product and increased the molecular size of<br/>fHbF by a factor of 2.2 folds.<br/>In addition, we have produced fluorescent Hb, referred as GFP-HbF. It is composed of green fluorescent protein<br/>(GFP) linked to fHbF at the DNA level. The primary results suggest that the purified protein is fully functional, as<br/>reflected by spectral properties of fHbF and characteristic fluorescence of the GFP molecule. Furthermore, the<br/>adsorption properties of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have been estimated using fHbF, with or<br/>without GFP. These MIPs have a capacity to facilitate the separation and purification of Hb molecules. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/96f74e7f-45b8-4292-b3ea-6b8b3607bc92 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25193363/Sandeep_C.pdf application/pdf 9753399 no Department of Chemistry, Lund University 2017 eng hemoglobin Fetal hemoglobin Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier DNA cleavage comet assay Engineering and Technology Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7422-520-4 978-91-7422-521-1 143 2017-06-07T09:30:00+02:00 96f74e7f-45b8-4292-b3ea-6b8b3607bc92 2017-05-11T09:39:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-11T09:39:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:87c150f7-9c65-4803-98d9-3c72ca6488d1 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 12-18, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTh, Lund 1 Diogo Portugal-Nunes author b055c9cb-bf33-422a-8326-99baadadd766 Marie F Gorwa-Grauslund supervisor 2bbe5742-cd99-418e-b625-f424cf0f52ce Gunnar Lidén supervisor f0dbe1ea-ddfe-4899-8af4-bacfea1801c7 Lisa Wasserstrom supervisor 3e0b34bb-043e-4cd6-a7ab-6972baf1f5f0 Professor Stéphane Guillouet opponent INSA, Toulouse, France Applied Microbiology v1000654 department Baker’s yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, is a promising cell factory for the sustainable utilization of renewable resources for the formation of products with commercial value. Among these, poly-3-D-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an extensively studied biopolymer naturally accumulated in some bacteria and archaea species through the formation of carbon granules. Its bio-based origin, biodegradability and applications in several industries makes it one of the most interesting biopolymers. In the present study, aerobic production of PHB from xylose was achieved in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> through the engineering of an optimized xylose oxido-reducing pathway and the expression of the genes involved in the PHB-producing pathway from the bacterium <i>Cupriavidus necator</i>. As anaerobicity is generally preferred in industrial applications, leading to an excess of NADH in the yeast metabolism, <i>S. cerevisiae</i> was further engineered by the introduction of a NADH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from the bacterium <i>Allochromatium vinosum</i>. PHB formation clearly benefited from this modification and its formation from pure carbon sources under both anaerobic and oxygen-limited conditions was observed. The influence of nitrogen availability on PHB accumulation was also investigated. In contrast to the natural producers, PHB formation in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> was favored by high levels of nitrogen. These engineering strategies together resulted in one of the highest PHB contents reported in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> to date.<br/>The production of carboxylic acids, i.e. organic compounds that can be used as building blocks for a wide range of products, was also investigated in yeast due to its robustness and ability to grow at low pH. Cytosolic production of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) from xylose was attempted by rewiring the carbon flux towards the glyoxylate cycle in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. Although AKG production was low, the study contributed to a deeper understanding of the mitochondrial and cytosolic formation of carboxylic acids in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, revealing novel routes for their bio-production and for further optimization studies. <br/>In the last part of this work, AKG production was attempted by using a heterologous oxidative pathway that bypasses glycolysis and links xylose directly to the tricarboxylic acid cycle – the so-called Weimberg pathway. The Weimberg pathway was found to be partially active and highlighted the fact that the assembly and activity of the proteins converting xylonate into AKG require further development.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/87c150f7-9c65-4803-98d9-3c72ca6488d1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25193688/PhD_thesis_without_papers_Diogo_Portugal_Nunes.pdf application/pdf 1418988 no Department of Chemistry, Lund University 2017-05-11 eng Saccharomyces cerevisiae Poly-3-D-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Carboxylic acids Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) Xylose assimilation Weimberg pathway Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-524-2 978-91-7422-525-9 196 2017-06-16T10:00:00+02:00 87c150f7-9c65-4803-98d9-3c72ca6488d1 2017-05-11T10:21:12+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-11T10:21:12+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1e7fef97-e72b-4e79-80f4-021f11c7b2e1 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, MFC, ingång 59, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Marie Köhler author 8fec7d3c-27a6-49cd-bd15-5fe764253a42 Maria Rosvall supervisor 4688e425-57d7-4029-acf9-8f367a4f8cb4 Maria Emmelin supervisor bcd641d2-0cf1-41d9-9de4-15d9afdd89bc Anders Hjern supervisor professor Boel Andersson Gäre opponent Jönköping University, Sweden Social Medicine and Health Policy v1000544 department Social Medicine and Health Policy research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1e7fef97-e72b-4e79-80f4-021f11c7b2e1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25196268/Marie_K_hler._Vulnerable_children._Kappa.pdf application/pdf 4429487 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Child health, Child Public Health, social determinants, family foster care, parental self-rated health, living conditions, harassment, child diasability, subjective health complaints Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-435-5 79 2017-06-01T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:55 felaktigt ISBN i kappan 987-91-7619-435-5 1e7fef97-e72b-4e79-80f4-021f11c7b2e1 2017-05-11T13:58:16+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-05-11T13:58:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8a8768e7-1d70-4482-8039-1415422c11cd 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Hayford Mensah Ayerakwa author dc718acd-1ec7-4a46-90d3-20f4ea500cca Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt supervisor 62405e4e-48ca-4a09-98cb-1831b473df63 Magnus Jirström supervisor 63e53551-8e6d-4334-9141-9707daae9fc5 Fred Dzanku supervisor Dr Pay Drechsel opponent International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka Department of Human Geography v1000678 department The 2010 population and housing census in Ghana revealed that more than half of the Ghanaian population lived in urban centers. Critical to the phenomenon of urbanization is the question of how to sustainably feed the urban population especially the urban poor as rapid urbanization has the tendency to urbanize poverty. This has led to renewed policy debate about the implications of farming in cities to the food security of urban residents.<br/>This thesis aims at contributing to the debate by delineating the non-market sources of food and analyze their implications for urban households in terms of food security. In doing this, the thesis analyzes the interplay that exist between the various agricultural engagements by urban households in both urban and rural areas as well as food transfer receipts to urban households and how they contribute to household food security in small and medium sized cities in Ghana. <br/>The thesis employs a mixed methods approach-quantitative and qualitative methods- to investigate the concept of urban food security. The analytical framework employed is grounded on the access pillar to household food security.<br/>The findings of the thesis are presented in three articles preceded by a ‘kappa’. I argue that the debate on the contribution of urban agriculture to urban household food security seems to over concentrate on urban agriculture alone without accounting for the other food provisioning opportunities available to the household including food production in peri-urban and rural spaces. Expanding the scope also helps to account for other non-market food sources such as food transfer receipts that are found to play important roles in the food security of urban households. The thesis establishes that, households with multiple food provisioning opportunities, especially those who engage in both urban and rural agriculture have better food security outlook than those who do not.<br/>The implications from the findings is that policies aimed at addressing urban food security through own food provisioning should not be treated in isolation. Rather, such policies should account for the active rural-urban interactions characteristic of many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and how they could be harnessed to complement each other for better food security and livelihood outcomes.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8a8768e7-1d70-4482-8039-1415422c11cd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25197059/Ayerakwa_2017.pdf application/pdf 4229611 no Lund University 2017-05-11 eng Urban agriculture Rural agriculture Own food production Food security Food transfer receipts Ghana Social and Economic Geography Human Geography 978-91-7753-295-8 978-91-7753-296-5 16 179 2017-06-07T13:15:00+02:00 8a8768e7-1d70-4482-8039-1415422c11cd 2017-05-11T14:47:07+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-11T14:47:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f92cc2d5-f2bc-4312-a230-ecb34d2c4f3f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The MAX III seminar room at the MAX IV Laboratory, Fotongatan 2, Lund 1 Alan Mak author e0b02be9-82fa-461b-8bde-23cd412b8256 Sverker Werin supervisor 81d77746-e848-428c-a20e-eb7554a48507 Francesca Curbis supervisor b214d1ac-5b3c-4585-bbf6-046e958e44f5 Dr. Brian McNeil opponent University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom MAX IV Laboratory v1000329 department The central question addressed in this thesis is how to make the free-electron laser (FEL) more efficient. In recent years, coherent diffraction imaging provides an important motivation for efficiency enhancement. This is because a more efficient FEL process enables converting a larger fraction of the electron beam's power into optical power. By increasing the average optical power to the terawatt level, an x-ray FEL will open the door to single-shot, single-molecule imaging with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio.<br/><br/>This thesis examines two techniques for efficiency enhancement, namely, undulator tapering and the phase jump method.<br/><br/>For undulator tapering, the well-established analytical model by Kroll, Morton and Rosenbluth (KMR) is revisited and modified. With the aid of numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that the modified model results in a further enhancement in FEL efficiency beyond the original model.<br/><br/>For the phase jump method, a new physics model is developed to describe the energy extraction mechanism in the longitudinal phase space. The model reveals the possibility to extract energy from electrons outside the ponderomotive bucket, as well as the potential to increase the spectral purity by suppressing the synchrotron sidebands. The central question addressed in this thesis is how to make the free-electron laser (FEL) more efficient. In recent years, coherent diffraction imaging provides an important motivation for efficiency enhancement. This is because a more efficient FEL process enables converting a larger fraction of the electron beam's power into optical power. By increasing the average optical power to the terawatt level, an x-ray FEL will open the door to single-shot, single-molecule imaging with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio.<br/><br/>This thesis examines two techniques for efficiency enhancement, namely, undulator tapering and the phase jump method.<br/><br/>For undulator tapering, the well-established analytical model by Kroll, Morton and Rosenbluth (KMR) is revisited and modified. With the aid of numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that the modified model results in a further enhancement in FEL efficiency beyond the original model.<br/><br/>For the phase jump method, a new physics model is developed to describe the energy extraction mechanism in the longitudinal phase space. The model reveals the possibility to extract energy from electrons outside the ponderomotive bucket, as well as the potential to increase the spectral purity by suppressing the synchrotron sidebands. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f92cc2d5-f2bc-4312-a230-ecb34d2c4f3f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25559186/Alan_Mak_thesis.pdf application/pdf 16298885 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Accelerator Physics, MAX IV Laboratory 2017-05 eng free-electron laser accelerator physics efficiency enhancement undulator tapering phase jump method synchrotron radiation Fysicumarkivet:2017:Mak Subatomic Physics 978-91-7753-305-4 978-91-7753-306-1 140 2017-06-15T13:00:00+02:00 f92cc2d5-f2bc-4312-a230-ecb34d2c4f3f 2017-05-11T15:37:06+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-11T15:37:06+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e357e673-49eb-4f67-b02e-34056950840b 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsalen, Pufendorfinstitutet, Biskopsgatan 2, Lund 1 Tahir Taj author 1eb2dc4b-92c7-4ae5-882f-2184270320b5 Anna Oudin supervisor 67efb6ac-c767-4038-ade8-5ff7786c9602 Kristina Jakobsson supervisor e67a49de-c178-4fde-bac2-88a2c845353d Emilie Stroh supervisor aa8ac21b-3fec-4294-96ab-c7a632eefaa2 Ebba Malmqvist supervisor 7c4c2eed-ba3c-493b-a30f-9a0dfc0a6c46 Daniel Oudin Åström supervisor 6fb57292-9560-4c10-adf6-7ee52492a587 associate professsor Joacim Rocklöv opponent University of Umeå Environmental health and occupational health v1001096 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Environmental health and occupational health research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e357e673-49eb-4f67-b02e-34056950840b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/26238550/Tahir_Thesis.pdf application/pdf 2679064 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Occupational Health and Environmental Health 978-91-7619-479-9 78 2017-06-08T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:99 e357e673-49eb-4f67-b02e-34056950840b 2017-05-24T14:14:28+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z 2017-05-24T14:14:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:93c550df-4b8a-4376-8613-f47cd2f09d8e 2025-10-21T11:05:21Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Biomedicinskt centrum (BMC), Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Caroline Heijl author d8c46fdb-1112-405f-a652-9f26a8fc1fb0 Peter Höglund supervisor 5ee28d20-42c0-4610-b588-475dd2592117 Kerstin Westman supervisor 594a83be-a84c-49c1-9998-479734a4be03 Aladdin Mohammad supervisor f964a48c-1843-4375-8492-7549b956c38b professor Bernd Stegmayr opponent Umeå University Nephrology v1000438 department Autoimmunity and kidney diseases v1001008 department Autoimmunity and kidney diseases research group This thesis is based on long-term follow-up results from two cohorts of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis; one cohort with 535 patients originally included in 4 European randomized clinical trials (papers I and II) and one Swedish population-based cohort including 195 patients (papers III and IV). Two areas are covered in the two cohorts, respectively; the assessment of mortality, prognostic factors and causes of death in the two cohorts (paper I and III) and the assessment of malignancy risk compared with a matched general population (papers II and IV).<br/>Results<br/>Paper I: 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival was 88%, 85% and 78%. Predictors of death were age, gender, kidney function and disease activity at presentation. Main causes of death were active vasculitis and infection during the first year, and after the first year, malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Paper II: Higher risk for malignancy at all sites and non-melanoma skin cancer. Paper III: 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 87%, 82%, 70% and 55%, respectively. Predictors of death were age, gender, kidney function and organ involvement at diagnosis. Main causes of death were active vasculitis and infection during the first year, and after the first year, malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Paper IV: Higher risk for malignancy at all sites, non-melanoma skin cancer, bladder cancer and pancreatic cancer.<br/>Conclusions: The mortality and malignancy risks in patients treated for AAV with current treatment protocols are higher than in the general population. However, the mortality in the group of patients with AAV without gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or renal involvement at presentation is not significantly increased compared with the general population.<br/> Bibliographical note: Här klistrar du in följande text:<br/>Defence details<br/>Date: [yyyy-mm-dd]<br/>Time: [hh:mm]<br/>Place: [text without newline or tabs]<br/>External reviewer(s)<br/>Name: [surname, first name]<br/>Title: [text without newline or tabs]<br/>Affiliation: [text without newline or tabs]<br/>---<br/>ISSN: 1652-8220<br/>Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:?? https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/93c550df-4b8a-4376-8613-f47cd2f09d8e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25982563/Long_term_follow_up_of_patients_with_ANCA_associated_vasculitis.pdf application/pdf 2665224 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Anca-associated vasculitis Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-441-6 70 2017-05-19T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:61 93c550df-4b8a-4376-8613-f47cd2f09d8e 2017-05-25T16:35:56+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:21Z 2017-05-25T16:35:56+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1ccb8f85-f4f2-477f-9f6a-09e073d15e2e 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Susanne Sundell author f1b03ee8-4fbb-4dec-a358-0e3efcf1d6f5 Maria Emmelin supervisor bcd641d2-0cf1-41d9-9de4-15d9afdd89bc Per-Olof Östergren supervisor fe71457a-9afc-4290-807b-70ea159854c5 Martin Stafström supervisor 720bfb0f-6e22-4a7f-9dd8-741470e381f6 docent Signe Smith Jervelund opponent Köpenhamn Social Medicine and Global Health v1000505 department Social Medicine and Global Health research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1ccb8f85-f4f2-477f-9f6a-09e073d15e2e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10484853/Susanne_Sundell_Webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 3770074 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng migrant refugee Health inequalities health interventions social determinants social capital Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-297-9 66 2016-06-09T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:71 1ccb8f85-f4f2-477f-9f6a-09e073d15e2e 2016-08-03T14:34:26+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-08-03T14:34:26+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6da7de5a-5c64-4486-ac7a-54c5147fbe3b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall K:C, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Naturvetarvägen 12, Lund 1 Fredrik Nielsen author 6a513f07-aaf5-4042-b856-067d412aa144 Ola Wallberg supervisor aedf50ab-6d06-4ec7-8fcf-30f2315f1a83 Mats Galbe supervisor eb46dbe1-1f51-4e60-ae9f-9ee0e8735e4e Guido Zacchi supervisor 09affbb9-0aab-43df-8c90-8b3a07d38666 Professor Svein Jarle Horn opponent Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department Second-generation ethanol from lignocellulose is a sustainable alternative that can partially replace fossil fuels. To be competitive with first generation ethanol from sugar and starch crops and fossil fuels, the conversion efficiency and ethanol yields of second-generation ethanol conversion processes must be improved. Improving the performance of the fermenting microorganism and efficiently convert both glucose and xylose in lignocellulosic biomass is imperative to achieve these targets. This thesis addresses means to improve the performance of the biochemical steps of the lignocellulose-to-ethanol process. The main focus has been on enhancing the xylose utilization of xylose-fermenting <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by adapting the yeast to lignocellulosic hydrolysates during propagation and developing novel co-fermentation strategies that promote xylose utilization. Co-fermentation strategies based on separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation (SHCF) and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) were investigated.<br/><br/>Furthermore, scale-up of co-fermentation strategies and the use of multiple and blended feedstocks in the conversion process were investigated. The findings show that adaptation of the yeast to the conditions in fermentation during propagation provides a broad adaptive response that improves fermentation performance of xylose-fermenting <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. Co-fermentation designs that take the xylose consumption patterns of xylose-fermenting <i>S. cerevisiae</i> into consideration can further enhance the xylose utilization and ethanol yields. Furthermore, feedstocks with similar attributes and blends thereof could be concurrently pretreated and co-fermented, eliciting comparable ethanol yields of the whole range of feedstocks and feedstock blends. This suggests that feedstocks with similar attributes can be used interchangeably to improve supply efficiency and hedge economic and technologic risks. Scale-up experiments show that the advanced co-fermentation strategies can be scaled-up from lab scale to process development and demonstration scale and maintain comparable ethanol yields, thus bringing the lab-scale process improvements closer to implementation at commercial scale. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6da7de5a-5c64-4486-ac7a-54c5147fbe3b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10522848/Nielsen_F._Process_development_for_combined_pentose_and_hexose_fermentation_2016.pdf application/pdf 5756866 no Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2016-08-15 eng Bioethanol Lignocellulose Xylose fermentation Co-fermentation Process design Agricultural residues Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chemical Engineering Bioprocess Technology (including Bioengineering Equipment) Bioenergy 978-91-7422-454-2 978-91-7422-455-9 196 2016-09-08T13:15:00+02:00 6da7de5a-5c64-4486-ac7a-54c5147fbe3b 2016-08-03T17:08:16+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-03T17:08:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c4a23e78-6e96-43eb-a37c-8d53370e3969 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:211 1 Valeriia Dzhamalova author 0c130095-3c23-46cb-a8f6-fba712c257d9 Hossein Asgharian supervisor 98568ba8-8963-48a9-841c-ddf87f338d96 David Edgerton supervisor 0a900907-9c68-4de5-b6ec-7fbea3894d8d Associate Professor Michael Halling opponent Stockholm School of Economics Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis analyses how the capital structures of financial and non-financial firms affect each other and how shocks in the financial sector affect investments in non-financial firms. The thesis consists of three self-contained essays.The first essay provides new evidence on the capital structure determinants of non-financial firms and contributes to the discussion concerning the effect of a regulated financial sector on the real economy. Using syndicated loan contracts, this study identifies the most important lenders for each borrower and analyses the effect of the capital structure of lenders on the capital structure of their borrowers. Keeping the effect of size, tangibility, market to book, profitability and risk fixed, I find that a 1 percentage point increase in the average lenders’ leverage leads to an increase of 12 basis points in borrowers’ leverage. The regulation of the financial sector has recently led to its deleveraging, but non-financial sectors still use debt intensively. The positive effect of lenders’ leverage on the leverage of their borrowers implies that further deleveraging of the financial sector may lead to less indebtedness and less vulnerability of the economy. The second essay analyses the asset-side determinants of bank leverage and investigates the effect of the riskiness of a bank’s assets on its debt issue. The essay uses a novel approach for assessing the riskiness of a bank by analysing the leverage of its borrowers. The advantage of using the borrowers’ characteristics when assessing a bank’s risk (in comparison with accounting measures of risk) is that borrowers’ characteristics are not derived directly from the balance sheet of the bank and the analysis is thus less subject to endogeneity problems. The essay analyses an international sample of financial firms for the period 1995‒2014. By estimating a panel logit regression, I find that, when keeping all other covariates constant, a 1 unit increase in the average borrowers’ leverage decreases the probability of a bank issuing debt by 0.381. This result demonstrates that a bank’s leverage increases when its borrower pool becomes safer; it also questions the presumption that without regulation positive leverage leads to excessive risk taking by banks.The third essay studies the impact of the financial crisis of 2007‒2009 on the real economy, in particular on R&amp;D expenditures. It analyses non-financial firms in high-tech industries in the USA for the period 1998‒2012 under the premise that R&amp;D investment is an important driver of economic growth. Using a GMM procedure to estimate a dynamic investment model, the study finds that financial distress only played a minor role, if any, as a determinant of R&amp;D expenditures during the financial crisis. Financial constraints had a substantially greater impact on R&amp;D expenditures during the crisis. All else being equal, more constrained firms invested more during the financial crisis. While at first sight surprising, this result is consistent with the observation that the average R&amp;D expenditures increased during the financial crisis. Moreover, these results are similar to the results of Nanda and Nicholas (2014. Did bank distress stifle innovation during the Great Depression? Journal of Financial Economics 114(2), 273‒292), who find that the aggregate effect of banks’ distress on innovation during the Great Depression was weak for publicly traded firms, especially in industries that were less dependent on external financing. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c4a23e78-6e96-43eb-a37c-8d53370e3969 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10597099/Valeriia_dissertation_printed.pdf application/pdf 3768262 no 2016-07 eng Capital structure Banks R&D Investment Financial Constraints Financial Crisis Bank Debt Bank Risk Borrowers Economics 978-91-7623-902-5 978-91-7623-903-2 160 2016-09-27T14:15:00+02:00 c4a23e78-6e96-43eb-a37c-8d53370e3969 2016-08-06T18:05:27+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-06T18:05:27+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:703c2cc5-d9a0-40c4-bae6-32b7703d4b70 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Stora Hörsalen, IKDC, Sölvegatan 26, Lunds Tekniska Högskola 1 Susanne Frennert author 59abd93d-fc7a-44df-85f4-ebf9910b3c20 Gerd Johansson supervisor 3195ee1f-844a-4094-8a55-94066d5f9aa8 Britt Östlund supervisor cad08dcc-a0d8-4c49-9f37-1c915f31c353 Per-Olof Hedvall supervisor 4fbcc98d-4a63-404b-94b2-95f37368e779 Professor Birgit Jaeger opponent Roskilde Universitet, Danmark Certec - Rehabilitation Engineering and Design v1000236 department Certec - Rehabilitation Engineering and Design research group GiraffPlus project HOBBIT - The Mutual Care Robot project This thesis explores how older people construct meaning, use and make sense of three kinds of robots in their homes. The exploration is undertaken in empirical studies of an assistive robot, an eHealth system, and robotic vacuum cleaners. <br/>The research draws on data collected through interviews and observations of older people in relation to three robots. The results show that older people’s domestication of robots cannot be condensed into one universal formula that fits all older people and all robots. The domestication of a robot is a process of constant shaping through negotiations with other people, other technologies, everyday life practice, society, and in relation to and with the robot and ourselves. For robots to be meaningfully and seamlessly integrated into older people’s everyday lives they need to be easy to use and desirable. But they also need to fit into the participants’ home practices. These include older person’s household activities, hobbies, interests, network of people, and the technology cluster in which the older person is situated. The usage of a robot needs to make sense to the older person; she needs to feel that she is in control of the robot and that the level of maintenance is reasonable. If the usage of a robot makes sense to the older person she will be willing to alter stable practices and routines. <br/>An important insight that emerged is how stereotypes of older people as weak, ill and housebound are embodied in robots intended for older people. These stereotypes are also constructed or reinforced by society, developers and older people themselves. The research presented demonstrates how this understanding of older people is situated in the home trials and shaped and maintained through them, which has powerful implications for the future development of robots. The findings further demonstrate that there is a difference between what older people say and what they do. The constructed and socially pervasive image of older people as weak, ill and housebound is apparent in how the older participants talk about robots and their potential. They incorporated robots into their everyday lives (as well as other technologies) that made sense to them, but they were unable to do so with robots that did not make sense to them. Instead the “practice of trying out a robot at home” ran parallel with the practices of everyday life during the home trials and became an end in itself. The main finding is not the serious implications of the stereotypical image of older people per se, but rather an understanding of how this stereotype is situated, shaped and maintained in the development. The thesis argues that by recognising the form older people’s participation and influence takes in current robotic developments, we can gain an understanding of the aspects that need to be scrutinised in order to find alternatives to current robotic developments.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/703c2cc5-d9a0-40c4-bae6-32b7703d4b70 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10672817/Final_version_Susanne_thesis.pdf application/pdf 6983842 no Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University 2016-08-08 eng Older people social robots gerotranscendence domestication theory Participatory Design social robotics Engineering and Technology Other Engineering and Technologies Other Engineering and Technologies 978-91-7623-906-3 978-91-7623-907-0 220 2016-09-09T09:15:00+02:00 Susanne Frennert's expertise lies in the field of participatory design: involving older people in the design process of social robots and healthcare technologies to better match their needs, wants and desires. She is active in European Projects within the 7th framework program on systems for home health care and a Swedish national agenda on social robotics. She has a BSc in Cognitive Science, an MSc in Human Factors & Ergonomics and she will defend her PhD thesis (in Rehabilitation Engineering) in September 2016. 703c2cc5-d9a0-40c4-bae6-32b7703d4b70 2016-08-08T19:36:53+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-08T19:36:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d2aabb9d-1881-40fc-bd0c-ddcffd6d54cb 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Sandra Cuellar-Baena author a77f99aa-97bb-4ee0-b5ab-0fd30a86a290 Deniz Kirik supervisor 78d77d54-5c3a-4701-9a42-a57975b90a40 Freddy Ståhlberg supervisor 48638ec7-e49d-4b23-90c5-405662b93250 René In 'T Zandt supervisor 6c7aeeb2-f32e-4b42-9535-943ebad2dc8d ass professor Gülin Öz opponent Minneapolis Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (BRAINS) v1000360 department MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (BRAINS) research group Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) allows for the quantification of neurotransmitters, antioxidants, energy-metabolism, membrane components and cellular viability markers present in the brain. This technology has been used in preclinical studies and later extended to be used in humans, where it offers an attractive non-invasive approach complementary to other anatomical imaging modalities (e.g. MRI). In this thesis, MRS was used for the evaluation of disease state and therapeutic strategies in models of neurodegenerative diseases based on the expression of human alpha-synuclein or huntingtin proteins. Impaired brain energy-metabolism was observed as result of an increased alpha-synuclein load in cortical neurons in the rat, while the expression of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in the striatum of the BACHD mouse model of Huntington’s disease (HD) caused neurotransmitter reduction and an antioxidant response. In addition, MRS was used to evaluate the outcome of two therapeutic approaches by reversing the detrimental effects of mHTT expression in the striatal cells using the BACHD model. In particular there was a recovery in amino acid concentrations in the striatum. The results presented here show the versatility of MRS for the identification of neurochemical markers of disease state in animal models. Furthermore, MRS is of particular value in the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies, where specific neurochemical markers can be used in the follow-up of control and treatment groups in a non-invasive and longitudinal design. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d2aabb9d-1881-40fc-bd0c-ddcffd6d54cb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11286607/CuellarBaenaS_summary.pdf application/pdf 54377 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, neurochemical profile, neurodegenerative diseases, gene therapy. Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-314-3 101 2016-09-08T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:88 d2aabb9d-1881-40fc-bd0c-ddcffd6d54cb 2016-08-09T13:44:27+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-08-09T13:44:27+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b18c6a2c-6c9a-44a5-ab46-65f923e33411 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Andy Mccourt author 6105dcf7-7ff4-4aaa-9b3d-a67d86891d61 Maria Björkqvist supervisor 27f0e724-575c-4772-8765-21e2a78ced01 Jia-Yi Li supervisor 2c3b3b6e-025f-410c-b076-6469cd272b17 Nils Wierup supervisor bd00a083-1e3c-4eaa-a545-de4bffe85e7c Cecilia Lundberg supervisor fbbc0651-896b-4184-bf01-2602c8ef5368 professor Carsten Saft opponent Ruhr-University of Bochum, Tyskland Biomarkers in Brain Disease v1000359 department Biomarkers in Brain Disease research group Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. Peripheral symptoms, such as skeletal muscle wasting, progressive weight loss, altered body composition and endocrine disturbances exist alongside neurodegeneration. Both the mutant gene and protein are expressed in cells and tissues throughout the body.<br/>Weight loss precedes clinical symptoms, suggesting a direct effect of mutant huntingtin. Alterations in adipose tissue have been reported prior to weight loss in animal models of HD. White adipose tissue (WAT) affects whole body energy metabolism via its role as an energy source and WAT alterations may influence peripheral features of HD, such as muscle wasting and weight loss. We therefore investigated peripheral tissues, namely WAT, as a potential model to investigate molecular pathways of HD.<br/>We show that WAT of the R6/2 mouse model of HD undergoes browning, as indicated by increased expression of the brown adipocyte marker, uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), at both mRNA and protein levels. This increase is enhanced by repeated cold exposure and leads to an increase in uncoupled mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We also show reduced lipolytic function in R6/2 WAT and upregulation of brown markers in Q175 WAT (Paper I).<br/>Next, we show that subcutaneous WAT of human HD gene carriers is altered, suggesting dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, and highlight a key role for CREB1, a transcription factor involved in white adipocyte browning (Paper II).<br/>Following this, we investigated the gastric hormone, ghrelin’s effects on peripheral tissues of HD mice. We found ghrelin to postpone the body weight decrease in HD mice, and trends towards rescuing the dysregulation of key genes involved in fat metabolism (Paper III).<br/>Finally, we show subtle alterations in gastric mucosal cells of late stage HD patients, with a reduced expression of gastrin-producing G-cells in antrum biopsies, and an increased expression of pepsinogen-producing chief cells of the fundus (Paper IV).<br/>Taken together, the results in this thesis suggest that HD mouse WAT undergoes browning, characterised by increased Ucp1 expression, leading to functional consequences. These changes may contribute to the weight loss and/or metabolic disturbances observed in HD. As the presence of brown-like adipocytes in WAT affects overall energy expenditure, it is highly relevant for further investigation in human HD. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b18c6a2c-6c9a-44a5-ab46-65f923e33411 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10749927/AMcCourt.pdf application/pdf 3053305 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Huntington’s disease weight loss white adipose tissue brown adipose tissue peripheral symptoms R6/2 mice UCP1 CREB1 gene expression Neurosciences 978-91-7619-306-8 80 2016-09-02T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:80 b18c6a2c-6c9a-44a5-ab46-65f923e33411 2016-08-10T09:11:44+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z 2016-08-10T09:11:44+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7023a07a-7d38-4171-9a69-808cfb6755f1 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal 2, C-blocket, Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, Lund 1 Irina Valentina Dragancea author d56decf8-31f5-4648-9393-3b3ca9b27403 Tobias Cronberg supervisor 445e0322-4d21-4fdb-89ff-fa742bfa81a3 Niklas Nielsen supervisor fd5a0e7f-c3d0-4c16-9cb9-7f5e954f09c6 Hans Friberg supervisor 08bcc1b6-29f9-4721-8d52-c345967dbcd4 docent Eva Kumlien opponent Uppsala University Neurology, Lund v1000451 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7023a07a-7d38-4171-9a69-808cfb6755f1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10752723/E_spik_Irina.pdf application/pdf 3790156 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng neurological prognostication, brain injury, cardiac arrest, withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-307-5 91 2016-09-02T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:81 7023a07a-7d38-4171-9a69-808cfb6755f1 2016-08-10T19:24:44+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-10T19:24:44+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a620a289-f087-424d-9571-44b94333bd82 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Claes Ek author d9c0f17f-1d61-492e-aec5-c5626a7a8f50 Erik Wengström supervisor bbb06b78-3260-4552-8488-91073da029a8 Ola Andersson supervisor 87e167fe-45f7-487f-97fc-dbb9ba028a97 Professor Olof Johansson Stenman opponent Göteborgs universitet Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis contributes to the economic literature on prosocial behavior. It includes three papers, all of which relate to the issue of policy-driven spillovers across prosocial alternatives. For example, the common fundraising practice of donation matching could affect contributions through other channels; similarly, recycling policy could affect household efforts on other environmental activities. Given that the performance of one activity has been argued to<br/>crowd out ("moral licensing") as well as in ("moral consistency") other activities, such spillovers could plausibly have either sign. <br/><br/>The first paper develops a model where agents may contribute to a single public good through several different activities. For a large set of plausible cases, we predict that policy facilitating one activity reduces effort on other activities, though overall public-good production still increases. Furthermore, the multi-activity framework admits new interpretations that are sometimes at odds with prominent results from single-activity variants of our model. <br/><br/>In the second paper, we run an experimental dictator game where subjects may donate to two different real-world charities. To simulate activity-specific interventions, we vary the relative productivity of those charities, and introduce several treatments to test whether spillovers occur even across (possibly very) dissimilar alternatives. We find that negative spillovers occur significantly in all cases, but that the effect is weaker, the more dissimilar are the charity alternatives. <br/><br/>The third paper estimates policy spillovers within the context of a natural experiment on food waste in Sweden. We use a difference-in-difference design to measure the causal impact of introducing food-waste collection on the sorting of packaging waste. Results suggest a positive spillover effect corresponding to 5-10% of the population average. Point estimates are relatively<br/>small, and sometimes insignificant, when we control for shifts in the waste-related incentives facing households. Although unable to control for all such incentive shifts, we argue that the remaining bias may be negligible. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a620a289-f087-424d-9571-44b94333bd82 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10829484/Avhandling_till_tryck.pdf application/pdf 1926403 no 2016 eng Behavioral spillovers Prosocial Behavior Public Goods moral licensing charitable giving Environmental behavior Dictator game Recycling Economics 978-91-7623-904-9 978-91-7623-905-6 156 2016-09-21T14:15:00+02:00 a620a289-f087-424d-9571-44b94333bd82 2016-08-12T09:46:06+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-12T09:46:06+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:754aa2dc-eddd-458d-b201-499c17a32faa 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 A. I. H. Persson author b5b52987-724d-44cb-8387-94a2f629a61b Jörgen Larsson supervisor d8627f57-dfee-4926-bbcc-dcb0f490772f Dr. Anton Plech opponent Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Atomic Physics v1000622 department The work presented in this thesis is based on time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of InSb (111) samples. The experiments were carried out using a pump-probe configuration using short laser pulses as the pump and x-rays as the probe. Laser excitation leads to the formation of a strain pulse that propagates through the sample. The strain pulse gives rise to coherent longitudinal, acoustic phonons, which were probed with the x-rays. By detuning the x-ray energy away from the Bragg reflection, phonon modes could be studied as oscillations in the x-ray reflectivity. The experiments were performed at the, now decommissioned, storage ring MAX-II at the MAX IV Laboratory, with long x-ray pulses (~600 ps). Using a streak camera, time resolutions down to 1 ps could be achieved.<br/>An optoacoustic transducer was used to modify the acoustic phonon spectrum. A 150 nm nickel film was deposited on the InSb bulk sample, and a strain pulse was generated in the nickel film by laser excitation. The strain pulse is partially transmitted and partially reflected at the interface between the nickel and indium antimonide. This leads to a train of strain pulses in the indium antimonide, and constructive and destructive interference of the diffracted x-rays.<br/>Optoacoustic transducers were also used to study electron diffusion in nickel and gold. The metals were deposited on bulk InSb and excited by short laser pulses. The resulting strain pulse was broadened by electron diffusion. This could be studied in the indium antimonide since the oscillations in x-ray reflectivity mainly occurred when the sharp edge between compression and expansion part of the strain pulse had entered the indium antimonide. The time delay between the strain pulse entering the indium antimonide and the expansion part entering the bulk material can be used to study the shape of the strain pulse. <br/>Using InSb nanowires, the generation of coherent acoustic phonons was used to study the speed of sound, which is related to the thermal conductivity of the material. It was found that the speed of sound, and hence the thermal conductivity, is lower in InSb nanowires than in bulk InSb. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/754aa2dc-eddd-458d-b201-499c17a32faa https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10833098/Spikblad.pdf application/pdf 126572 no 2016 eng x-ray diffraction phonons optoacoustic transducer electron diffusion nanowires Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Persson Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7623-914-8 978-91-7623-915-5 2016-09-09T10:15:00+02:00 754aa2dc-eddd-458d-b201-499c17a32faa 2016-08-12T19:30:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-12T19:30:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:faf6583f-e694-45bd-bf1a-0faef8001729 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Staffan Holmqvist author d7bb050e-2cc4-4e3a-8045-6f3e45428c90 Laurent Roybon supervisor d731133d-f5e6-4fd4-ba63-e6120cb74989 Jia-Yi Li supervisor 2c3b3b6e-025f-410c-b076-6469cd272b17 professor Kwang-Soo Kim opponent Harvard Medical School IPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling v1000404 department MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department IPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling research group Synucleinopthies are neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the formation of α-<br/>synuclein-rich intracellular inclusions in neurons and glia. Traditionally, animal<br/>models and immortalized cell lines have been used to investigate why and how these<br/>inclusions form, and how they impact on cellular function. Recent advances in<br/>cellular reprogramming and directed differentiation have enabled the generation of<br/>neurons and glia, providing new models to study alpha-synuclein biology in patienttailored<br/>brain cells.<br/>The work presented in this thesis aimed to establish a platform of novel models to<br/>further address questions relevant to α-synucleinopathies. We created a library of<br/>human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from patients diagnosed with familial<br/>Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), as well as healthy<br/>controls, which we extensively characterized. Using these new cellular models, we<br/>generated defined regionalized cellular subtypes relevant for modelling PD and MSA,<br/>such as dopaminergic neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, using efficient<br/>differentiation protocols. In contrast to previous studies, we found that α-synuclein is<br/>transiently expressed in oligodendrocytes during development and in the adult human<br/>brain. We also devised a transgenic strategy for generating reporter lines, from which<br/>pure populations of astrocytes could be obtained. These human astrocytes were<br/>capable of releasing cytokines and chemokines in response to stressors, and readily<br/>took up α-synuclein from their surroundings, demonstrating their relevance in<br/>modelling of synucleinopathies. Braak’s hypothesis suggests that the pathology starts<br/>in the peripheral nervous system and progresses to the central nervous system (CNS),<br/>based on clinical observations of Lewy pathology distribution. We found that<br/>following injection into the intestinal wall of rats, α-synuclein was transported via the<br/>vagal nerve to the brain, thereby strengthening the hypothesis postulated by Braak.<br/>The models and cell systems presented in this thesis have provided unprecedented<br/>possibilities to address key questions relevant to the initiation and progression of α-<br/>synucleinopathies PD and MSA. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/faf6583f-e694-45bd-bf1a-0faef8001729 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10951388/E_spik_staffan_G5.pdf application/pdf 11163411 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Neurosciences 978-91-7619-313-6 94 2016-09-06T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016: faf6583f-e694-45bd-bf1a-0faef8001729 2016-08-15T16:47:34+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-15T16:47:34+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:46c753a6-cc04-4b0b-b4bc-86b95e38ebe7 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, ingång 72, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Caroline Larsson author 6aaa5595-2e83-4d40-8085-9a37bfe8d256 Ulf Jakobsson supervisor ab7a2481-74bb-48e7-b79f-153a2489bee9 Eva Ekvall-Hansson supervisor 01d0a3f7-e413-46b4-a0d7-cf44b47ae4e2 Kristina Sundquist supervisor 84728074-b32a-4012-b33a-46aa96fd989f professor Stefan Bergman opponent University of Gothenburg Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology v1000480 department Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology research group Background: Chronic pain is common in older adults, yet little is known of its development in old age. Although fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic pain have been explored in younger adults, the relationship between chronic pain, kinesiophobia and physical activity levels has not been investigated in older adults.<br/><br/>Objectives: The overall aim was to explore prevalence, development and related factors of chronic pain and kinesiophobia in older adults with a focus on psychosocial and pain related factors and their impact on physical activity among older adults.<br/><br/>Methods: The study had a longitudinal design and data were obtained through posted surveys and collected at baseline and after 12 and 24 months during 2011–2013. Participants (N=2000) were selected through simple randomization of the Swedish register of inhabitants using the whole Swedish population aged 65+, as sampling frame. A total of 1141 older adults were included at baseline (aged 65–103 years). Prevalence, incidence rate and cumulative incidence of chronic pain over 2 years in different age strata were estimated. To estimate associations for demographic, psychosocial and pain-related variables as functions of chronic pain (persistence and onset), kinesiophobia and physical activity linear/logistic regression analysis were performed.<br/><br/>Results: In paper I, chronic pain was reported by 38.5% of the participants, more common among females and those over 85 years. The incidence was estimated at 5.4%. Being female, having lower BMI, high intensity/severity, long duration and multiple locations of pain were able to predict persistence of chronic pain among older women. Paper II showed that TSK-11 had acceptable construct validity, factor structure and test-retest reliability. In Papers III–IV generally low levels of kinesiophobia were found among those with chronic pain, except among frailer and older adults living in care homes. Despite this, it was found that kinesiophobia was independently associated with levels of physical activity and significantly lower levels of physical activity among those with chronic pain.<br/><br/>Conclusions: Even though chronic pain was often highly prevalent and persistent, both onset and recovery occurred over time. The findings highlight the importance of early pain management in prevention of future pain among older adults. It must also be considered that older adults with chronic pain are at higher risk of functional decline and additional chronic diseases, due to significantly lower levels of physical activity compared to older without chronic pain. Kinesiophobia among older adults can be captured by the TSK-11 and plays an important role in predicting future physical activity levels and is hence important to consider. Potential interventions against kinesiophobia among older adults should aim to decrease pain intensity and strengthen health beliefs. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/46c753a6-cc04-4b0b-b4bc-86b95e38ebe7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10993925/C.larsson_2016_Chronic_pain_and_kinesiophobia_among_older_adults_E_spik_Kappa.pdf application/pdf 2252116 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Physiotherapy Gerontology, specialising in Medical and Health Sciences Health Sciences 978-91-7619-304-4 90 2016-09-15T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:78 46c753a6-cc04-4b0b-b4bc-86b95e38ebe7 2016-08-16T13:58:11+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-16T13:58:11+02:00

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theses published Lecture hall MA:1, Annexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Kerstin Johnsson author a94e16b5-5fcf-4062-a7bb-f5bf8b7bceb9 Magnus Fontes supervisor 3efc3cb7-940a-4a17-9998-039610b47fb1 Dr. Benno Schwikowski opponent Institut Pasteur Paris, France eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering) v1000667 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department With today's improved measurement and data storing technologies it has become common to collect data in search for hypotheses instead of for testing hypotheses---to do exploratory data analysis. Finding patterns and structures in data is the main goal. This thesis deals with two kinds of structures that can convey relationships between different parts of data in a high-dimensional space: manifolds and clusters. They are in a way opposites of each other: a manifold structure shows that it is plausible to connect two distant points through the manifold, a clustering shows that it is plausible to separate two nearby points by assigning them to different clusters. But clusters and manifolds can also be the same: each cluster can be a manifold of its own.<br/><br/>The first paper in this thesis concerns one specific aspect of a manifold structure, namely its dimension, also called the intrinsic dimension of the data. A novel estimator of intrinsic dimension, taking advantage of ``the curse of dimensionality'', is proposed and evaluated. It is shown that it has in general less bias than estimators from the literature and can therefore better distinguish manifolds with different dimensions.<br/><br/>The second and third paper in this thesis concern cluster analysis of data generated by flow cytometry---a high-throughput single-cell measurement technology. In this area, clustering is performed routinely by manual assignment of data in two-dimensional plots, to identify cell populations. It is a tedious and subjective task, especially since data often has four, eight, twelve or even more dimensions, and the analysts need to decide which two dimensions to look at together, and in which order.<br/><br/>In the second paper of the thesis a new pipeline for automated cell population identification is proposed, which can process multiple flow cytometry samples in parallel using a hierarchical model that shares information between the clusterings of the samples, thus making corresponding clusters in different samples similar while allowing for variation in cluster location and shape.<br/><br/>In the third and final paper of the thesis, statistical tests for unimodality are investigated as a tool for quality control of automated cell population identification algorithms. It is shown that the different tests have different interpretations of unimodality and thus accept different kinds of clusters as sufficiently close to unimodal. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8404f72e-e760-436d-ad7f-1be15af4b3d1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10994514/Kerstin_Johnsson_PhD_thesis.pdf application/pdf 17050075 no 150 Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University 2016-08-16 eng Computational Mathematics 978-91-7623-920-9 978-91-7623-921-6 188 2016-09-09T13:15:00+02:00 8404f72e-e760-436d-ad7f-1be15af4b3d1 2016-08-16T14:41:10+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-16T14:41:10+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ca84c73a-2cb2-42ee-b928-c1a7b615c748 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC, Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Miljana Radenkovic author 15bbc632-9d36-49ad-838a-3c934816a767 Corrado Cilio supervisor 1ebd674c-8298-40c8-8558-1178e1362eae Malin Fex supervisor Annelie Carlsson supervisor d2976f4e-3183-4c1f-b2d7-8bc8dedaaf84 MD, PhD Manuela Bataglia opponent Milan, Italy Diabetes - Immunovirology v1000488 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Diabetes - Immunovirology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ca84c73a-2cb2-42ee-b928-c1a7b615c748 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12292057/e_spik_Miljana_2.pdf application/pdf 1488699 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Diabetes, T cells, pancreas, resident lymphocytes Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-337-2 73 2016-10-07T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:111 ca84c73a-2cb2-42ee-b928-c1a7b615c748 2016-09-16T15:07:36+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z 2016-09-16T15:07:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c47e7ddb-1cfd-4370-938a-c9241ecf8d21 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Zheming Li author 746ca8e7-88db-44a0-9e8c-371c9859d67f Mattias Richter supervisor 5f7a5ba9-345d-49a1-a2d3-05d140fe557b Marcus Aldén supervisor 31a62b03-f895-4a38-815a-bc986ff44328 Dr. Mark P.B. Musculus opponent Sandia National Laboratories, USA Combustion Physics v1000625 department Optical diagnostics are remote non-intrusive sensing techniques. The thesis work concerns the use of OH and soot optical diagnostics for combustion research.<br/>Internal combustion (IC) engines are widely used for the generation of power and for transportation purposes. Soot emission, involving carbon particles that emanate from the combustion process, is one of major sources of pollutants in engine exhaust. Such particles can be inhaled into human lungs and have been found to be harmful to public health. For this reason, soot emissions from IC engines are strictly regulated. The flame lift-off length (LOL) of a diesel jet, which is the distance between the nozzle of the injector and the base of the flame, affects both diesel combustion and emission formation. The presence of OH radicals has been used commonly for determining LOL. Both the 2D imaging of OH* chemiluminescence and OH-laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) were employed here for determining the LOL of diesel spray flame. Laser extinction measurements (LEM), together with measurements of the natural luminosity (NL) of sooty flames and of laser-induced incandescence (LII) were made use of for in-cylinder soot detection in the thesis. The main goal in the use of optical diagnostics in engines was to answer various engine-related questions. The optical techniques and the data processing methods employed in the thesis work were also improved parallel to one another. The online/offline OH* chemiluminescence method that was used was able to successfully reduce part of the soot luminosity of the OH* chemiluminescence image obtained. A comparison of LOL results obtained on the basis of simultaneous OH* chemiluminescence and OH-LIF images was carried out. The OH-LIF resulted statistically in longer LOL than the OH*chemiluminescence results did. This can be partially explained by the difference between the two methods in the probing volumes and the flame asymmetry. A data correction for the LEM results was developed, one that helped to reduce the effects of the fluctuations in the probing laser intensities and the soot deposits on the optical window. Simultaneous OH-PLIF and soot-LII was performed for studying the soot oxidation process in the recirculation zone of a diesel optical engine. <br/>In addition to the optical diagnostics applied to the optical engines that were studied, simultaneous dual species PLIF techniques were developed and made use of in the thesis work. Splitting the beam from the multi-YAG laser into two, the one used to pump OPO and the other used directly for formaldehyde (CH2O) excitation, made the simultaneous probing of two species at a high repetition rate possible. Simultaneous OH and CH2O-PLIF was performed for demonstrations at a repetition rate of 50 kHz. The Frequency Recognition Algorithm for Multiple Exposure (FRAME) approach was also introduced. Through the use of structured illumination, FRAME permits several laser-induced signals to be superimposed upon a single detector.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c47e7ddb-1cfd-4370-938a-c9241ecf8d21 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12618982/Thesis_Zheming_Draft_V89.pdf application/pdf 16866743 no 2016 eng laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy Soot emission combustion diagnostics Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Li 978-91-7623-973-5 978-91-7623-974-2 184 2016-10-14T13:15:00+02:00 c47e7ddb-1cfd-4370-938a-c9241ecf8d21 2016-09-19T10:49:46+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-19T10:49:46+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:44667216-de9f-4475-a0f1-4e085bf44b27 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published KC, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 BINDU SUNILKUMAR author 162760b2-4e04-427d-a651-586c1694c549 Olof Olsson supervisor e77b923a-dc78-4c85-9781-acb6e4af5fc8 Eden Tareke supervisor d573755c-2f00-4e0a-b335-c45eb943bad1 Margareta Nyman supervisor 5f648c5c-1b7b-49fa-ad7f-6c71a04dd474 Rickard Öste supervisor 350935e5-11ce-4b60-b246-0cb94c87f745 Professor Ulf Svanberg opponent Chalmers University of Technology Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum v1000921 department Food for Health Science Centre v1000920 department Oats are an excellent source of high-quality proteins, with a favourable amino acid composition. Oat proteins therefore have great<br/>potential to complement existing animal and plant protein sources, especially if the protein content could be increased. In this thesis,<br/>high-protein oat lines were identified and characterised. More than a thousand individual lines in a mutagenised oat population<br/>(Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) population) were screened for total protein using an elemental particle<br/>analyser. This identified 230 lines with a seed protein content of 15% protein or higher. Belinda, the original variety from which the<br/>mutagenised population was constructed, had approximately 12%, and the most protein-rich line had 24%.The amino acid<br/>compositions for 31 of the high-protein lines were determined by various methods, and the contents of essential amino acids (EAA)<br/>were evaluated according to the FAO/WHO amino acid recommendations. This showed that several of the high-protein lines<br/>contained sufficient levels of EAAs, although there was some variability in the amounts of nutritionally limiting amino acids. Several<br/>lines had higher EAA levels than Belinda. Five of the high-protein oat lines were selected for asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation<br/>(AF4) analysis. In all experiments the AF4 instrument was connected to an online multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and ultraviolet<br/>(UV) detection system. Greater variation was found in the quantity of soluble proteins in the different high-protein lines than in Belinda,<br/>and a few lines had clearly elevated levels of globular proteins. Sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE)<br/>also revealed that the increase in protein in the high-protein lines was mainly due to an increase in the globulin fraction. The<br/>effect of heat treatment on the soluble protein content in oat groats was also evaluated, using the AF4 system and amino acid<br/>analysis. The results showed that the total amount of soluble protein was reduced by 50%, mainly due to a reduction in amino acids<br/>associated with albumin and water soluble prolamins. An attempt was made to increase protein content by nitrogen fertilisation, and<br/>effects on grain quality were also analysed using avenin protein of Belinda oat cultivars grown or developed under various fields and<br/>in the greenhouse as a reference. Results showed that excess nitrogen fertilisation (≥ 100 kg/ha) increased total protein percentage<br/>in Belinda and high-protein oat lines. Furthermore, oat lines grown under field conditions showed differences in avenin proteins when<br/>compared to the corresponding lines grown in the greenhouse, as analysed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoreses. This may explain<br/>the differences in protein levels in cultivars grown under different environmental conditions. Crosses were performed between the six<br/>lines with the highest protein levels and the original non-mutated Belinda variety from which the mutagenised population was derived.<br/>The F1 hybrid seeds were grown in a greenhouse, and self-pollinated and individual seeds from the F2 offspring were analysed. This<br/>showed that the high-protein character was stably inherited. To test this further, the 15 high protein lines were amplified in several<br/>different plots in the field and the protein content was again determined in seeds harvested at the end of the season. This confirmed<br/>the stability of the high-protein character. Total dietary fibre (TDF), ß-glucan and lipid levels were also measured in the selected lines.<br/>The analysis showed that the values for these components were normally distributed around the original level in Belinda, i.e. there<br/>was no positive or negative correlation between fibre, ß-glucan, lipid and high protein content. In conclusion, the high-protein oat<br/>lines, identified here from an oat mutagenised population, proved to be phenotypically stable in the field and produced high-quality<br/>proteins. When developed further, the resulting cultivars will be very valuable for future use in the food and feed industry. Total dietary<br/>fibre, especially soluble and insoluble fractions andβglucans, is high in these lines, which is another important benefit in the use of<br/>high-protein oat lines for food applications. Since oats in general give good yields and quality, especially in the Nordic countries, the<br/>lines presented here have potential to become a new source of vegetable proteins and will enable the development of novel food<br/>products based on oat. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/44667216-de9f-4475-a0f1-4e085bf44b27 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12847917/Development_of_High_Protein_Oat_for_the_Feed_and_Food_Industry_Kappa_Bindu_Sunilkumar.pdf application/pdf 1634103 no Lund University 2016 eng Oats, protein, mutation, segregation, dietary fibre,βglucan, lipids, electophoresis, amino acids, fractionation, avenin, dietary fibre, amino acid, beta glucan, crossing, amplification, quality, quantity, high protein, fractionation Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-936-0 978-91-7623-937-7 91 2016-10-21T09:15:00+02:00 44667216-de9f-4475-a0f1-4e085bf44b27 2016-09-20T15:56:11+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-20T15:56:11+02:00

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theses published Physicum, Rydberg Lecture Hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Jon Grumer author b17ef1a6-c64f-4f12-a407-a7c4b585dfcb Tomas Brage supervisor fffe21c2-5ec5-4333-b257-5c36c0036643 Per Jönsson supervisor bd9e0a98-e87e-45e3-92d8-88955e3b5b32 Gediminas Gaigalas supervisor a757f78a-87e4-4210-b616-698dd0c60336 Professor Eva Lindroth opponent Stockholm University, Department of Physics Mathematical Physics v1000630 department Motivated by spectroscopic analysis of astrophysical and laboratory plasma, this thesis concerns the fundamental structure and spectral properties of atoms and their ions. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method is used to predict the emission or absorption of radiation, by atomic systems in general, and of heavy and highly charged ions in particular.<br/><br/>The first set of publications, paper AI to AVII, concerns ab-initio predictions of atomic structure and radiative transition rates, with a particular focus on relativistic and electron correlation effects. Systematic and large-scale MCDHF calculations have been carried out, often in combination with electron-beam ion trap experiments.<br/><br/>The second set, BI to BVIII, presents a rigorous treatment of effects from non-spherical interactions with certain nuclei - hyperfine interaction - and external magnetic fields - Zeeman interaction - on atomic spectra. A general methodology has been developed and implemented in computer codes to include these perturbations in the wavefunctions and to determine their impact on the resulting spectra. Of particular interest are spectral intensity redistributions and unexpected transitions, and their applications to stellar abundance analyses, magnetic-fields effects in storage-ring experiments, and coronal magnetic-field measurements. Ljus är verkligen fantastiskt. Det kan ge oss känslomässiga upplevelser, som när det faller genom en trädkrona i en skog eller vid en blodröd fullmåne, men det gör det också möjligt för oss att uppfatta och förstå vår omgivning. Majoriteten av den information vi kan tillgodogöra oss om Universum, får vi genom det ljus som atomer och joner i olika kosmiska objekt sänder ut. Varje foton - den minsta energimängd ljus som kan överföra information - bär information i form av energi med en viss intensitet och våglängd. För att komma åt denna information låter man det till synes enfärgade ljuset, falla genom ett prisma så att det delas upp i färger av olika våglängder – ett så kallat spektrum.<br/><br/>Stjärnor, som vår egen sol, sänder ut ljus av alla våglängder, och den uppfattade färgen är ett mått på stjärnans temperatur, precis så som färgen på en järnbit ändras från gult, via violett och blått, till rött under upphettning. Undersöker man stjärnspektrumet närmare så upptäcker man smala mörka band som bryter av den kontinuerliga färgfördelningen. Dessa linjer uppstår då ljuset passerar genom stjärnans atmosfär och där delvis absorberas av atomer, joner eller molekyler. Ett exempel på ett sådant absorptionsspektrum från Solen visas i figur 1.1 på sida 5 i kapitel 1.<br/><br/>Varje grundämne i periodiska tabellen har ett helt eget unikt fingeravtryck med avseende på vilka våglängder det kan absorbera eller avge i form av fotoner. Så, genom att studera exempelvis absorptionsspektra från stjärnor, och jämföra med spektra för enskilda atomer eller joner bestämda via experiment i laboratorier eller matematiska modeller, kan vi bestämma vilka ämnen som absorberade det kontinuerliga ljuset och skapade de mörka absorptionslinjerna. Vet vi dessutom hur mycket ljus som olika ämnen förväntas absorbera vid en viss färg, så kan vi bestämma den totala kemiska sammansättningen i stjärnans atmosfär. Det har visat sig att ytterligare information om miljön i vilken atomen befinner sig, såsom temperaturer, densiteter eller styrkan på magnetfält, också kan bestämmas på detta sätt.<br/>Den här avhandlingen handlar om atomer och deras joner, och att genom kvantmekaniska modeller och datorsimuleringar förutsäga deras egenskaper, för just sådana syften som vid studier av stjärnatmosfärer. <br/><br/>Av särskilt intresse är hur atomer påverkas av omgivande magnetfält, i exempelvis solens yttre atmosfär – den s.k. koronan. Även om Solen är den stjärna vi känner bäst, så är en av de största gåtorna för astronomer hur koronan kan ha en temperatur på miljontals C, då solens yta endast är ungefär 6000 C. Ett relaterat mysterium är vad för slags processer som ger upphov till de kraftfulla solstormar som, om de träffar jorden, ger upphov till norrsken, men kan också slå ut teknisk utrustning. Figure 1.3 på sida 10 visar en bild på en så kallad korona-massutkastning, som när den träffade jorden ett par dagar senare gav uppphov till kraftfullt norrsken. Ett exempel är från 2003 då 50 000 Malmöbor stod strömlösa under en timmes tid, och den bakomliggande orsaken tros vara jordmagnetiska strömmar orsakade av solstormar. Ett annat exempel är då Karlstads telefonstation natten till pingstdagen 1921, fattade eld på grund strömmar inducerade av en kraftig solstorm, med skador som förvärrades ytterligare av att även larmsystemet till brandkåren slogs ut. Förklaringarna till solstormarna tros ligga i komplexa processer i de magnetfält som omsveper Solens yta. I dagsläget finns det dock inte några tillförlitliga metoder för att undersöka magnetfälten i koronan. <br/><br/>I den här avhandlingen undersöker vi, bland annat, en alternativ metod för att mäta magnetfälten i Solens atmosfär, med målet att förutsäga det så kallade rymdvädret. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7f39d82e-efbf-40c4-b503-26526a6d9a56 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13094894/grumer_phd_thesis_2016_electronic_version.pdf application/pdf 23165398 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics 2016-09 eng atomstruktur atomära processer elektronkorrelation plasmaspektroskopi magnetfält hyperfinstruktur solkoronan rymdväder förekomst av grundämnen i stjärnor datorsimuleringar Zeemaneffekt relativistiska effekter atomic structure atomic processes computer simulation electron correlation relativistic atomic theory plasma spectroscopy Zeeman effect magnetic fields hyperfine structure solar corona space weather stellar abundances Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Grumer Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics 978-91-7623-996-4 978-91-7623-997-1 368 2016-10-21T09:15:00+02:00 Denna elektroniska utgåva inkluderar enbart kappan (introduktionen) av avhandlingen. Hela avhandlingen innehåller även 15 vetenskapliga artiklar, vilka är tillgängliga från de olika Journalernas hemsidor. Publikationslista finns på sida ix. 7f39d82e-efbf-40c4-b503-26526a6d9a56 2016-09-20T23:39:46+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-20T23:39:46+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:741bbe48-4651-4853-8f8b-c9f507bfa1d6 2026-02-12T13:06:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published MA:3, Annexet, Sölvegatan 18, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Simon Burgess author 317613bf-99ce-47ae-ba1d-c6a92478bf8e Karl Åström supervisor 09474c08-47c3-44b8-9b6c-d4062a5a243f Anders Heyden supervisor d1e474bb-be17-4f13-bca9-0ff7d6323972 Anna Torstensson supervisor 07e355d4-de59-4306-8eb8-13524b09f797 Professor Antonio Del Blue opponent Department of the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genua, Italy ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering) v1000667 department The central problem of this thesis is locating several sources and simultaneously locating the positions of the sensors. The measurements captured by the sensors are time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), unsynchronized TDOA, or received signal strength indication (RSSI), all a variation of distance measurement between sensors and sources. Signals can be either sound or radio for TOA, TDOA, and unsynchronized TDOA, and radio for RSSI. <br> To be able to simultaneously locate sensors and sources open up for many on-the-fly applications not needing a calibrated rig of sensors. By doing sensor calibration, the methods in this thesis also opens up for using much previous research in the field of TOA and TDOA localization, which has mostly dealt with locating sources from known positions of the sensors. <br> In this thesis, several minimal problems for uncalibrated sensor network localization are studied and solved. A problem is minimal if it only needs the smallest necessary number of measurements to estimate the model parameters, thus neither making the model parameters over- nor underdetermined. Apart from revealing understanding and theoretical aspects of the problem, studying minimal problems also have interesting applications when dealing with larger measurement sets containing severe outliers. This thesis utilizes the random sample consensus method (RANSAC), that uses the minimal algorithms developed in this thesis, to do localization of the sensors and sources and simultaneously weed out outliers in the measurements. The set of inliers and parameters are then used in non-linear optimization schemes to refine the parameters. Experiments show that for experiments with sound, microphone and sound sources can be located with centimeter precision. For solving the minimal problems, techniques from linear algebra and multivariate polynomial solving are utilized. <br> This thesis further investigates simultaneous localization of cell phone users and mapping of the radio environment in multi-floor environments, using RSSI measurements and pressure sensors. Nonlinear optimization and filtering techniques are used to do parameter estimation, and results in two buildings with several floors indicates that these methods can be deployed with errors in the range of 10-20m horizontally, with &gt;95% accuracy in floor detection. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/741bbe48-4651-4853-8f8b-c9f507bfa1d6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783083/thesis_toPrint_Cut.pdf application/pdf 39864409 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783135/Popul_rvetenskaplig_Sammanfattning.pdf application/pdf 64943 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2016 eng Calibration-Free Localization, TOA, TDOA, RSSI Localization Other Mathematics 978-91-7623-918-6 978-91-7623-919-3 187 2016-10-18T10:15:00+02:00 741bbe48-4651-4853-8f8b-c9f507bfa1d6 2016-09-21T15:12:44+02:00 2026-02-12T13:06:31Z 2016-09-21T15:12:44+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:88b59596-c318-4df7-b928-9a74d8f36e09 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 HANA HULTHÉN author 065491f1-cbaa-47f7-969f-c4e3fb57455e Dag Näslund supervisor adc46c13-bbfe-46fd-a013-7ef9ea403014 Andreas Norrman supervisor 4db7a048-2457-44c4-89d3-c8d4292a01aa Professor Patrik Jonsson opponent Chalmers University of Technology Engineering Logistics v1000260 department Benefits of implementing Supply Chain Integration (SCI) are acknowledged in existing integration literature. Integration extending beyond functional silos and firm boundaries is expected to provide value for customers in terms of higher quality, improved service level, and reduced costs. In addition, internal integration allows business functions to align around a single company goal. This type of integration promotes value creation while decreasing redundancies and costs. <br> Yet, regardless of the significant advances in research and practice, many organizations still experience difficulties not only to integrate activities with supply chain partners, but they also struggle to integrate activities within an organization, for example, through implementation of a sales and operations planning (S&amp;OP) process. <br> To tackle these challenges, organizations may need to reconsider why and how they integrate both internally and externally. However, the previous integration research provides only limited guidelines for how to carry out such evaluations. Many organizations experience difficulties in addressing the complexity related to integration and evaluation of activities internally and with SC partners. The lack of concrete guidelines for evaluation of SCI in theory is seen as one of the reasons for the still sporadic examples of successful SCI in practice. <br> Thus, the overall purpose of this research is to increase understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains. To address the purpose, three studies (1-3) have been conducted. The study 1 highlighted the current status and several SCI challenges in academic literature and in practice. One of the major challenges relates to the absence of a systematic comprehensive approach for evaluation of internal and external integration. To contribute to closing of this gap, study 2 was conducted to develop a context based framework for evaluation of external integration. Finally, the subsequent study 3 aimed to develop a framework for evaluation of the S&amp;OP process. <br> Concerning the SCI challenges, this research contributes to previous integration literature by confirming some existing challenges but also by identifying additional challenges. Related to challenges of external integration, a set of contextual factors are identified which were observed to challenge the establishment of an appropriate level of external integration with SC partners. As a result a misfit occurs between the contextual factors and applied level of external integration. Additionally, reasons for the misfits were identified and discussed. <br> Associated with the challenges of S&amp;OP process, this thesis adds to existing fragmented literature on the S&amp;OP process evaluation challenges by synthesizing and extending the existing knowledge. A framework has been developed which is founded on two key areas of process performance – S&amp;OP process effectiveness and efficiency, and on various maturity levels of the process. Although several challenges were found for each maturity level, some challenges were observed occurring across more levels. <br> Moreover, in this research, a context based framework for evaluation of external integration is proposed. The framework extends the previous SCI frameworks. It is founded on contextual factors which were considered by the studied cases when integrating with their SC partners. Furthermore, the factors were observed to promote establishment of an appropriate level of external integration. Each level consists of identified external integration activities. <br> The thesis further contributes to the S&amp;OP performance research by addressing the lack of process oriented frameworks for evaluation of the process performance. The proposed framework of measuring the S&amp;OP process performance considers the five major steps of the process and their outputs as well as the output of the entire process. To reflect the process performance measures, the framework structures and defines effectiveness and efficiency measures and their relation to the process performance. The framework also conforms to the majority of the criteria for designing of appropriate performance measures. <br> Finally, the major results of the thesis are synthesized and a framework is suggested of external integration and its effect on S&amp;OP process performance. The framework considers the identified contextual factors, appropriate levels of external integration, and the S&amp;OP performance measures the integration can have effect on. <br> The thesis also discusses, alongside with the theoretical contributions, how the developed frameworks can support managers in evaluating their supply chain integration practices. Additionally, several opportunities for future research are outlined. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/88b59596-c318-4df7-b928-9a74d8f36e09 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783224/Final_version_PhD_Kappa_Hana_Hulth_n_2016_09_09.pdf application/pdf 2554741 no Lund University 2016-09-21 eng Supply Chain Integration contextual factors Sales and Operations planning process S&OP process Performance measures Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-934-6 978-91-7623-935-3 274 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783214/Paper_1.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783220/Paper_4.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783222/Paper_5.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783762/Hana_Hulth_n_dokumentdatablad_tryckta_avhandlingar.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783764/Popul_rvetenskaplig_sammanfattning_PhD_kappa_Hana_Hulth_n.pdf application/pdf 2016-10-21T10:15:00+02:00 88b59596-c318-4df7-b928-9a74d8f36e09 2016-09-21T15:40:41+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-21T15:40:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:24c68fe9-546b-4ac1-a4ba-e0448ab6afdb 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre I, lecture hall “Världen”, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Balathandayuthabani Panneer Selvam author 8a30244d-6694-4f5f-987e-896a20c6e80e Martin Berggren supervisor d589dd3a-c687-4f55-9ce7-e2ad97a8423b Cecilia Akselsson supervisor 306b633c-2a37-4f7c-b456-b27d290d60c1 Professor Nigel Roulet opponent McGill University, Canada Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the major form of organic carbon in aquatic ecosystems. Biological and photochemical degradation of DOC are major causes of greenhouse gas emissions from aquatic ecosystems. In response to current changes in climate, studies at different northern-hemisphere locations have shown both increases and decreases in total DOC export from land to water. However, there is lack of knowledge on the effect of changing environmental conditions on bio- and photo-degradation potentials. Therefore, this thesis aimed to combine empirical and experimental methods to determine the dynamics of DOC reactivity in response to key environmental parameters related to soil frost conditions and hydrology. I collected samples from the boreal region to carry out laboratory degradation experiments and to analyze the DOC degradation potentials in relation to environmental variables and intrinsic properties of the DOC.<br/><br/>In a boreal forest region that has seasonal soil frost, the DOC bio-reactivity decreased with experimental reductions in the extent and duration of soil frost, while photo-reactivity remained constant. However, DOC from experimentally thawed permafrost peat in the subarctic north showed higher bio- and photo-degradation potentials than the DOC from active peat layers above the permafrost. The nature of the soil and intrinsic DOC properties explained these patterns in soil DOC reactivity. In the surface water network, bio-degradation was the dominant DOC degradation mechanism in brow-water lakes, while photo-degradation played a relatively larger role in clearer waters. The surface water photo-reactivity per unit of light absorption was high at both acidic and at alkaline conditions, while lower at intermediate pH, probably due to effects of the protonation state of DOC on photo-reactivity. Therefore, pH change along the aquatic network caused extrinsic control on the photo-reactivity at the landscape scale.<br/><br/>In conclusion the results show that climate warming decreases the export of bio-reactive DOC in a boreal forest, but it likely increases the export of bio- and photo-reactive DOC in a permafrost peatland. In a wetter climate with shorter residence times, clear waters may experience browning and relative shift from photo-degradation to bio-degradation, while already brown lakes will remain brown and dominated by bio-degradation. Furthermore, the loss of photo reactive DOC during transport in aquatic network may be counter balanced by the changes in extrinsic variables such as pH.<br/> Löst organiskt kol (DOC) är den huvudsakliga formen av organiskt kol i vattenekosystem. Biologisk och fotokemisk nedbrytning av löst organiskt kol (DOC) är viktiga orsaker till utsläpp av växthusgaser från akvatiska ekosystem. Enligt studier vid olika platser på norra halvklotet så kan pågående klimatförändringar orsaka både ökningar och minskningar i total DOC-export från mark till vatten. Det finns dock kunskapsbrist om effekterna av förändrade miljöförhållanden på DOC-reaktivitet (bio- och fotonedbrytningspotentialer). Därför syftade avhandlingen till att kombinera empiriska och experimentella metoder för att bestämma dynamiken i DOC-reaktivitet orsakad av förändringar i viktiga miljöparametrar kopplade till markfrostförhållanden och hydrologi. Jag samlade prover från olika delar av den boreala regionen för att utföra laboratorienedbrytningsexperiment och analysera DOC-nedbrytningspotentialer i förhållande till miljövariabler och intrinsiska (inneboende) egenskaper hos DOC.<br/>I en boreal region med säsongstjäle så minskade DOC-bioreaktivitet med reduktioner av tjälens utbredning och varaktighet, medan fotoreaktiviten var oförändrad. Dock så uppvisade DOC från experimentellt upptinat permafrosttorv i subarktiska områden högre bio- och fotoreaktivitet än DOC från aktiva torvlager ovanför permafrosten. Marktyp och skillnader i intrinsiska DOC-egenskaper kunde förklara dessa skillnader i DOC-reaktivitet. I ytvattens så var biologisk nedbrytning den dominerande mekanismen för DOC-nedbrytning i bruna sjöar, medan fotonedbrytning spelade en relativt större roll i klara vatten. Fotoreaktivitet per enhet ljusabsorption var hög både vid både sura och alkaliska förhållanden, medan lägre fotoreaktivitet uppvisades vid intermediärt pH, troligen på grund av effekterna av DOC-protoneringstillstånd på fotoreaktivitet. Således orsakade pH-förändring längs sötvattenskontinueet en extrinsisk kontroll av fotoreaktivitet på landskapsnivå.<br/>Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att klimatuppvärmning minskar exporten av bio-reaktivt DOC i en boreal skog, men det ökar sannolikt exporten av bio- och fotoreaktivt DOC i torvmark med tinande permafrost. I ett fuktigare klimat med kortare vattenuppehållstider så kan vattnet bli brunare och en förskjutning ske i den relativa betydelsen av fotonedbrytning respektive biologisk nedbrytning, medan redan bruna sjöar förblir bruna och dominerade av biologisk nedbrytning. Vidare så kan förlusten av fotoreaktivt DOC under transport i sötvattensnätverket uppvägas av förändringar i extrinsiska variabler såsom pH.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/24c68fe9-546b-4ac1-a4ba-e0448ab6afdb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783844/Panneer_Selvam_PhD_thesis.pdf application/pdf 11277791 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12783847/Panneer_Selvam_kappa.pdf application/pdf 4576550 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2016-09 eng Dissolved organic carbon DOC Photodegradation Biodegradation DOC reactivity Physical Geography 978-91-85793-59-4 978-91-85793-60-0 164 2016-10-14T10:00:00+02:00 24c68fe9-546b-4ac1-a4ba-e0448ab6afdb 2016-09-21T17:12:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-21T17:12:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e2c2bbac-a01a-4a18-95b7-3a0940bea1e1 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Palaestra Nedre (Lower), Lund 1 Sabina Gusic author 64ab105b-e841-4ee5-8dd4-d65d78b01fd1 Etzel Cardeña supervisor d53593d2-7c3f-492b-98d0-5b28ae46f227 Hans Bengtsson supervisor b9893099-947c-4f2d-8744-2526e88dee7f Hans Peter Søndergaard supervisor Professor Trond Heir opponent University of Oslo Department of Psychology v1000681 department After experiencing potentially traumatic events (PTEs) some adolescents develop pathological dissociation. Trauma-related dissociation can be described as a break-down of the individual’s capacity to integrate emotions, thoughts, sensations, and memories about traumatic or other events into an adaptive and coherent self-image and self-narrative. Dissociative experiences (DE) include experienced loss of control over mental processes or information, and experiential detachment, beyond what would be expected in relation to the person’s cognitive development. This dissertation sought to investigate<br/>DE and their relation to trauma type, attachment style, and experiences of war and migration among adolescents. Study I and II included a sample of non-clinical Swedish adolescents with socioeconomic and migration background diversity, representing the demographics of larger Swedish cities. Study III and IV included two samples of war-exposed refugee adolescents resettled in Sweden. The dissertation studies used quantitative and qualitative methodologies to enhance the breadth, depth, and ecological validity in this research area.<br/><br/>Study I evaluated the prevalence of DE among Swedish adolescents with a high proportion of migration-background. Self reported economical vulnerability and parental war-experiences related to higher dissociation. The study also showed that emotional abuse, specifically bullying by school peers, related more strongly to DE than psychical abuse. Finally, adolescent girls appraising primarily emotional experiences as their worst lifetime traumas (e.g., bullying, separation, or living with a severely sick family member) had the highest DE rates in relation to overall PTE exposure, as opposed to those that reported a primarily physical experience as the worst trauma, or those with no worst trauma. This pattern was<br/>not found in boys.<br/><br/>Study II showed that self-reported attachment anxiety and/or avoidance related more strongly to DE than PTE exposure alone. Furthermore, insecure anxious attachment styles enhanced the relation between overall PTE exposure and DE, and adolescents reporting an insecure attachment style and the experience of emotional abuse, such as bullying, had the strongest relation between PTE exposure and DE. Study III provides rates of general and war/refugee specific PTEs, worst lifetime experiences, posttraumatic stress reactions, and DE among two groups of refugee adolescents in Sweden: newly arrived and students with childhood war experiences. Both groups of war-exposed youth reported considerable rates of PTEs, DE, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, with the newly arrived reporting more caregiver abuse and adverse events during the refugee journey.<br/><br/>Study IV includes newly arrived war-exposed refugee youth’s narratives of their mental experiences related to dissociation. This study showed that high dissociators reported qualitatively different experiences including frightening loss of control, detachment, high frequency and severity of emotional dysregulation and emotional intensity, negative self- and bodyperception and a pervasive depressive mood. Two types of dissociation, a dimensional one and a separate pathological type, were found among the dissociating refugee adolescents, and seem to incorporate somewhat different experiences.<br/><br/>The results of this dissertation expand our knowledge by showing that factors such as economical vulnerability, migration background, type of traumas experienced and appraised as the most negative, and attachment style are related to dissociation in adolescence. The dissertation also contributes by presenting information about the amount and type of dissociative experiences in war-exposed refugee youth, giving information to clinicians to more easily assess these difficulties among traumatized refugee adolescents. Vissa ungdomar som upplevt potentiellt traumatiserande händelser kan utveckla dissociationssymptom. Under gynnsamma förhållanden har människor en förmåga att integrera känslor, tankar, sinnesintryck och minnen av livshändelser in i en adaptiv och sammanhängande självbild och berättelse om självet. Dissociation i samband med trauma kan beskrivas som ett sammanbrott av denna förmåga. Dissociativa upplevelser innefattar upplevelser av förlorad kontroll över mentala processer och/eller information samt upplevelse av att vara främmande och avskärmad från självet och/eller omgivningen. Dessa upplevelser är av sådan natur att de går bortom vad som kan förväntas vara normalt hos en person utifrån hens kognitiva utveckling. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utforska dissociativa upplevelser och deras relation till traumatyp, anknytningsstil och erfarenheter av krig och migration hos ungdomar. Studie I och II undersökte en icke-klinisk grupp ungdomar med heterogen migrations- och socioekonomisk bakgrund, vilket är typiskt för större svenska städer. Studie III och IV omfattade två grupper av ungdomar som flytt krig och anlänt till Sverige. Avhandlingens studier använde sig av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder för att öka såväl bredden, som djupet och den ekologiska validiteten inom detta forskningsfält.<br/><br/>Studie I undersökte förekomsten av dissociativa upplevelser hos svenska ungdomar i en storstad där en stor andel hade migrationsbakgrund. Självrapporterad ekonomisk sårbarhet och föräldrars krigsupplevelser var kopplade till högre dissociation. Studien visade också att dissociativa upplevelser i högre grad var kopplade till psykisk misshandel, specifikt mobbning i skolan, än till fysisk misshandel. Slutligen visade studien att tonårsflickor som uppgav en emotionell upplevelse som deras värsta livshändelse (t.ex. mobbning, separation eller att leva med en svårt sjuk familjemedlem) hade de högsta nivåerna av dissociation i relation till upplevda traumatiska händelser i livet. Detta i jämförelse med dem vars värsta livshändelse var av fysisk natur, eller de som inte kunde eller ville uppge någon. Motsvarande mönster fanns inte hos pojkar.<br/><br/>Studie II visade att självrapporterad ängslig och/eller undvikande anknytningsstil var mer förbunden med dissociation än vad endast traumatiska upplevelser var. Vidare visade studien att de som enligt självrapporten hade en otrygg, ängslig anknytningsstil hade en starkare koppling mellan trauma och dissociation. Slutligen visade resultaten att ungdomar som både hade en otrygg anknytningsstil och hade erfarenheter av psykisk misshandel, såsom mobbning, hade starkast samband mellan trauma och dissociation.<br/>Studie III presenterade och jämförde förekomsten av trauman, värsta livshändelser, posttraumatiska stressreaktioner och dissociativa upplevelser hos två grupper av flyktingungdomar i Sverige: nyanlända och ungdomar som levt länge i Sverige men undflytt krig tidigare i livet. Trauman omfattade både sådana som är direkt kopplade till krig och flykt och sådana som inte är det. Båda grupperna hade varit med om många hemska upplevelser och förekomsten av posttraumatiska stressreaktioner och dissociativa upplevelser var hög. De som var nyanlända hade utsatts för fler svåra händelser under flykten och av omsorgspersoner än gruppen som levt längre i Sverige.<br/><br/>I Studie IV intervjuades krigsutsatta flyktingungdomar om deras mentala upplevelser och hur dessa varierade med graden av dissociation. Resultaten visade att de med mycket höga nivåer av dissociation hade kvalitativt annorlunda upplevelser. Exempel på dessa upplevelser är skrämmande kontrollförlust, upplevelse av frånkoppling, intensiva känslor och svårigheter att hantera känslorna, negativ syn på sig själv och sin kropp, samt en bestående nedstämdhet. Två dissociationstyper kunde urskiljas. En dimensionell typ med dissociativa upplevelser som ökar kontinuerligt i grad och besvär och en patologisk typ med upplevelser som nästan uteslutande beskrevs av de ungdomarna med mest och svårast dissociation.<br/><br/>Denna avhandling ökar vår kunskap om dissociation hos ungdomar genom att peka på sambandet mellan dissociation och faktorer såsom ekonomisk sårbarhet, migrationsbakgrund, anknytningsstil samt individens uppfattning om vilket som varit det värsta traumat som hen genomlevt. Avhandlingen bidrar också med kunskap om omfattningen och typen av dissociativa upplevelser hos krigstraumatiserade ungdomar. Med denna kunskap kan kliniker som möter krigstraumatiserade flyktingungdomar lättare upptäcka och utreda dissociativa symptom.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e2c2bbac-a01a-4a18-95b7-3a0940bea1e1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22969082/I_feel_like_I_do_not_exist_Gusic_S_dissertation.pdf application/pdf 2752593 no Lund University 2017-03-23 eng adolescent dissociation trauma attachment war refugee posttraumatic stress ungdomar dissociation trauma anknytning krig flyktingar posttraumatisk stress Psychology 978-91-7753-218-7 978-91-7753-219-4 162 2017-04-21T13:00:00+02:00 e2c2bbac-a01a-4a18-95b7-3a0940bea1e1 2017-03-23T10:20:17+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-23T10:20:17+01:00

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theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, BMC, Lund. 1 Sigurdur Ragnarsson author de21f0ec-8c4b-4790-ae77-c0f918741d54 Shahab Nozohoor supervisor 82192ff7-cdba-4dcd-84fa-3025265a1673 Johan Sjögren supervisor 292208b1-80f6-4db3-a123-ca4cd351a947 Per Wierup supervisor 8b0f0d09-5c79-41ac-ac13-fc59232c928f Professor Gösta Pettersson opponent Ohio Thoracic Surgery v1000439 department Minimal invasive cardiac surgery in valvular heart disease v1000991 department Minimal invasive cardiac surgery in valvular heart disease research group Abstract<br/>Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) has many etiologies; the most common is degenerative disease. If not corrected, severe MR may cause left and right ventricular heart failure. Mitral valve (MV) repair is the gold standard for treatment of MR. All repair techniques include MV annuloplasty, but various techniques are employed to repair the valvular apparatus. The classical technique of leaflet resection is associated with excellent results, but repair using artificial chordae is gaining popularity and has been shown to achieve similar results.<br/>Aims (1) Does MV repair with artificial chordae correct the morphology and function of the MV better than leaflet resection? (2) How common are MR at rest and systolic anterior motion (SAM) when these techniques are compared<br/>at rest and during physical exercise? (3) To what extent is the right ventricular function restored in patients with chronic MR after MV repair? (4) Is MV repair preferable for the surgical treatment of MV infective endocarditis?<br/>Methods Study I: Retrospective study conducted in two centers that compares the results of MV repair using two different surgical techniques.<br/>Studies II and III: Prospective studies of resting and exercise echocardiography in patients that had undergone MV repair with either artificial chordae or leaflet resection. Study III compares the hemodynamics and left ventricular<br/>function of the repaired MV. Study IV evaluates the right ventricular function at rest and during exercise.<br/>IV: Retrospective study of long term outcomes of patients with MV infective endocarditis (IE) who underwent surgical repair in Lund with different surgical techniques.<br/>Results and importance<br/>I: Both evaluated techniques for repair the MV were associated with good long-term survival and low incidence of recurrent MR, reoperation, IE and thromboembolism. No significant differences were detected between the groups.<br/>II: Both surgical techniques were associated with low pressure gradients over the MV at rest and during exercise without any significant difference between the groups. The left ventricular function was well preserved and both groups had good exercise capacity.<br/>III: At follow up, patients who underwent mitral valve repair had significantly worse RV function at rest and peak exercise than did healthy individuals.<br/>IV: Mortality following surgery for mitral IE is high. Independent predictors of poor outcome are the preoperative symptoms of persisting fever, clinical stroke and heart failure and infection with S. aureus, diabetes mellitus, renal<br/>failure and age. The surgical method (i.e. repair or prosthesis implantation) did not influence survival of IE. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/562edf7d-b68c-4dc3-96b1-4467f4f29a35 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22972309/Sigurdur_Ragnarsson_hela_utan_artiklar.pdf application/pdf 6118004 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng mitral valve repair artificial chordae outcome right ventricular function infective endocarditis mitral valve repair artificial chordae right ventricular function outcome infective endocarditis Clinical Medicine 978-91-7619-426-3 94 2017-03-30T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:46 562edf7d-b68c-4dc3-96b1-4467f4f29a35 2017-03-23T20:03:50+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-03-23T20:03:50+01:00

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theses published 1 Erika Tudisco author a35a361c-eb4b-403f-8d9d-9fa83efd0de2 Stephen Hall supervisor a88b779b-533c-4903-9de0-ecde29c1963e Philippe Roux supervisor Giula M.B. Viggiani supervisor Geotechnical Engineering v1000230 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a06d98e9-f71f-4ddf-8ddf-da2c87338e64 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23014591/thesis.pdf application/pdf 32649653 no 2013-03-26 eng Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 242 a06d98e9-f71f-4ddf-8ddf-da2c87338e64 2017-03-24T17:02:02+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-24T17:02:02+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:65444014-592c-426f-9c4d-984196dac66f 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall of the Radiotherapy Building, 3rd floor, Department of Oncology, Skåne University, Lund 1 Helga Hagman author 0e55b04f-8db1-4e69-b2b0-2c8d9b947e20 Anders Johnsson supervisor 232ad753-d959-42bf-a0a1-62bfe37052ed Mattias Belting supervisor b98c646c-24e0-41c4-bba9-b6a4eda5bc86 Ursula Falkmer supervisor MD Gunnar Folprecht opponent University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Cancer Center, Dresden, Germany Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) chemotherapy +/- targeted therapy with palliative intent aims at prolonging survival with sustained quality of life. Maintenance of tumour response by a period of less intense treatment may<br/>delay progression and accumulation of unacceptable toxicity. We studied the combination of targeted treatment with the angiogenesis inhibiting antibody bevacizumab (bev) and the epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor<br/>erlotinib (erlo) as maintenance treatment in two clinical trials.<br/>The Nordic ACT trial (paper I) included 249 mCRC patients. Following first line induction doublet chemotherapy plus bev, responding patients were randomised to maintenance treatment with bev or bev+erlo. We found no significant difference in survival outcomes between the arms. We then hypothesized that KRAS mutation of the tumour would have a negative impact on the erlo effect.<br/>In the Nordic ACT2 trial (paper II, N=233), the KRAS wildtype (wt) patients were randomised in the same manner as in Nordic ACT. The KRAS mutated (mut) patients recieved bev alone or metronomic low dose capecitabine and arms were compared without significant difference in effect or safety. The KRASwt patient cohorts from the both Nordic ACT trials were pooled in an analysis of survival outcomes (N=126) with no statistically significant gain from the addition of erlo to bev as maintenance.<br/>There are no validated biomarkers of anti-angiogenic therapy. Treatment induced hypertension has been associated with better response to angiogenesis inhibition. The vasoactive peptides (VPs) atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and copeptin are linked to regulation of blood pressure and angiogenesis. In paper III, the stable<br/>pro-peptides of each VP were analysed in plasma from ACT2 study patients with documented progressive disease (N=97). IncreasingVP levels during the first six weeks of induction chemotherapy + bev were significantly associated with better clinical outcome. In paper IV, we collected serum samples at start of induction, start of maintenance and at progression from ACT2 patients (N=22). Analyses of 55 circulating, angiogenesis-related proteins were performed at each time point by<br/>antibody array membrane technology. Levels of some, mostly pro-angiogenic, proteins decreased significantly during response and/or increased at progression.<br/>In summary, these studies demonstrate that mCRC patients may not benefit from bev+erlo as maintenance therapy in terms of efficacy, and that the clinical benefit can be further questioned due to tocixity concerns. KRAS status is not likely a predictive biomarker for erlo in mCRC. Microarray methodology for simultaneous detection of multiple proteins in serum is convenient for exploration of signalling patterns related to the response and resistance to angiogenesis inhibition. Our translational results support the evidence of an interaction between host-related vascular effects and response to chemotherapy plus bev. Both VPs and other counterbalancing pro-angiogenic factors are promising biomarkers that warrant further studies in this setting. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/65444014-592c-426f-9c4d-984196dac66f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23904387/Helga_Hagman_avhandling.pdf application/pdf 7135108 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng kolorektal cancer, underhållsbehandling, biomarkörer, angiogeneshämning Cancer and Oncology 978-91-7619-427-0 127 2017-04-07T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:47 65444014-592c-426f-9c4d-984196dac66f 2017-04-12T16:07:37+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-04-12T16:07:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:68885e83-cbf0-4fbf-8882-6f69eb0e18e7 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmark lecture hall, Lund Observatory, Sölvegatan 27, Lund 1 Karl Wahlberg Jansson author 5c22c0ba-3beb-4444-a271-49a1343f451d Anders Johansen supervisor d307e84a-709a-4841-a042-ac33bf2d7fe3 Professor Carsten Dominik opponent Anton Pannekoek Institute of Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Lund Observatory v1000643 department Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics v1000642 department Formation of pebble-pile planetesimals and the internal structure of comets project Planets form in protoplanetary discs of gas, dust and ice around newborn stars. In the Solar System, not only planets are found as a result from the time of planet formation, but also remnant planetesimals in the form of asteroids, Kuiper belt objects and comets. Recent observations, e.g. by the space mission Rosetta, have found that comets are porous objects barely able to hold themselves together by gravity.<br/><br/>Gravitationally bound clouds of mm- to dm-sized pebbles can form in the protoplanetary disc by interactions between solids and the gas, e.g. through the streaming instability. Such clouds will have collisions between pebbles resulting in energy dissipation and inevitably a collapse into a solid planetesimal.<br/><br/>In paper I we develop a statistical model to investigate, with numerical simulations, the collapse of pebble clouds into planetesimals. We find that low-mass planetesimals, e.g. comets, are porous pebble-piles with this formation mechanism. Paper II and III investigate the role of fragmenting collisions in planetesimal formation, both with laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.<br/><br/>The above model assumes an isolated, homogeneous planetesimal. In paper IV we find that the interior structure of comets can vary with depth ('onion'-like shells) and that gas in the protoplanetary disc can affect the collapse significantly. Bildandet av planeter äger rum i skivor av gas, stoft och is runt nybildade stjärnor. Den här processen är inte helt förstådd men det första steget tros vara växten från mikrometer-stora stoftkorn till mm-cm-stora småstenar genom sammanväxande kollisioner. Vid de här storlekarna studsar stenarna eller går sönder snarare än fastnar i varandra när de kolliderar så tillväxten avstannar. Dessutom känner stenarna luftmotstånd från gasen i skivan vilket gör att de driver in i stjärnan på korta tidsskalor. Det har, dock, också föreslagits att gasen kan hjälpa planetbildningen genom att samla de små stenarna i gravitationellt bundna moln.<br/><br/>Mitt arbete fokuserar på kollapsen av sådana moln av småstenar till planetesimaler (runt 1-1,000 km-stora fasta kroppar). Under kollapsen kolliderar småstenarna med varandra och, beroende på storlek och fart, har sådana kollisioner olika följder (de kan fastna, studsa, byta massa eller gå sönder). Jag har undersökt den här kollapsprocessen med numeriska simuleringar och hur de resulterande planetesimalernas inre varierar med t.ex. planetesimalens storlek och beståndsdelar.<br/><br/>I solsystemet är asteroider, Kuiperbältsobjekt såväl som kometer kvarlevande planetesimaler (byggstenar till planeter) från eran av planetbildning. Planetesimaler har olika storlek och bildades olika långt ifrån solen vilket ger de olika omgivning och historia. Därför ser dessa kvarlevande planetesimalers inre olika ut. Asteroider bildades närmare solen i ett varamare och trängre område. Det gör att det har varit med om många kollisioner och är idag kompakta och saknar is. Kuiperbältsobjekt och kometer, å andra sidan, har levt sina liv i de kalla, glesa yttre delarna av solsystemet och har förblivit opåverkade vilket gör de bättre att jämföra med mitt arbete.<br/><br/>Resultaten av min forskning visar att kollapsen är starkt beroende av både molnets massa och storleken på stenarna. Stenmoln med låg massa har bara kollisioner där stenar studsar mot varandra och slutar som en porös hög av småsten. Mer massiva moln, å andra sidan, har kollisioner där stenarna går sönder under sin kollaps vilket resulterar in en mer kompakt blandning av småsten och stoft. De här resultaten stämmer överens med observationen att Kuiperbältsobjekt är mer kompakta ju större de är. De överensstämmer också med mätningarna av kometen 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenkos höga porositet och den dåliga hållbarheten av kometen Shoemaker-Levy 9 som slets isär av Jupiters tidvattenkrafter 1994. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/68885e83-cbf0-4fbf-8882-6f69eb0e18e7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23944981/KWJ_PhD_Thesis_2017.pdf application/pdf 22817577 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics 2017-04 eng planets and satellites: formation minor planets asteroids: general comets: general Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 978-91-7753-258-3 978-91-7753-259-0 131 2017-05-12T09:00:00+02:00 68885e83-cbf0-4fbf-8882-6f69eb0e18e7 2017-04-13T14:30:08+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-13T14:30:08+02:00

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theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Alejandro Muñoz De Las Heras author 1be53513-3702-48c6-a70f-ccee6a4f4f44 Marie F Gorwa-Grauslund supervisor 2bbe5742-cd99-418e-b625-f424cf0f52ce Associate Professor Verena Siewers opponent Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg Applied Microbiology v1000654 department Plastics are versatile, cheap and durable materials that are omnipresent in modern society. Since most of them are derived from crude oil and are not biodegradable, their production leads to the depletion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic waste that pollutes ecosystems worldwide. For this reason, the European Union and other organisations are investing in research aimed at developing eco-friendly alternatives such as bioplastics.<br/>Poly-3-D-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a type of biodegradable bioplastic that is naturally synthesized and used by specific microorganisms as an energy source and for carbon storage under stressful environmental conditions. However, these micro-organisms are not well suited for growth in biomass hydrolysates. Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, might represent an interesting host for PHB production since it is a well-known industrial platform for the effective conversion of various carbon sources into key precursor metabolites, and has high tolerance to low pH and fermentation inhibitors that are present in biomass hydrolysates. The aim of the present work was to use synthetic biology tools to “rewire” S. cerevisiae metabolism, and to investigate whether it can be used for the efficient production of PHB from xylose feedstock.<br/>Recombinant S. cerevisiae strains carrying the oxido-reductive xylose pathway from Scheffersomyces stipitis were engineered for heterologous gene expression of the biosynthetic PHB pathway from Cupriavidus necator. This enabled PHB production from xylose as the sole carbon source, although the production was low and oxygen-dependent. Further improvements were achieved by modification of the cofactor balance through the introduction of alternative enzymes with different cofactor requirements. The introduction of a xylose reductase variant with increased affinity for NADH cofactor enabled better redox homeostasis, allowing PHB production from xylose under anaerobic conditions. PHB biosynthesis was also improved by the substitution of the NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase by an NADH-dependent counterpart.<br/>As the availability of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, which is the precursor of PHB, remained a major challenge, several strategies were tested to redirect the carbon flux towards acetyl-CoA, such as the use of alternative pathways and the downregulation of the ethanol route. However, the production of PHB could only be improved under aerobic conditions due to tight cell regulation at the cytosolic NADH and acetyl-CoA levels.<br/>The xylose-fermentation capabilities of different Spathaspora species were ex¬plored in parallel, with the aim of finding better enzymes for further improvement of anaerobic xylose fermentation by S. cerevisiae. The xylose reductase gene XYL1.2 from Sp. passalidarum was found to encode an enzyme with a high affinity for NADH. When transferred to S. cerevisiae, xylose fermentation and ethanol production were improved under anaerobic conditions.<br/>This work demonstrates how the S. cerevisiae genome can be reprogrammed for PHB production from sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass. However, further modification of the metabolism will be necessary before industrial implementation is possible.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c647c265-f9b9-407e-a4d8-259e7fdeadf1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24360943/Kappa_Cover.pdf application/pdf 3381294 no Department of Chemistry, Lund University 2017-04-18 eng Saccharomyce cerevisiae Xylose Poly-3-d-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) NADH NADPH Acetyl-CoA Metabolic engineering Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-516-7 978-91-7422-517-4 100 2017-05-12T10:00:00+02:00 c647c265-f9b9-407e-a4d8-259e7fdeadf1 2017-04-17T11:16:28+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-17T11:16:28+02:00

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theses published Föreläsningssal F2, Centralblocket, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Marcus Landgren author 3f30ddfe-7514-44d7-adbd-774e45f36f4c Magnus Tägil supervisor a58c1532-b17a-4e99-b92b-a75584906e4c Antonio Abramo supervisor ac35f6be-3337-4770-8cad-4e2e3c13f9c3 Mats Geijer supervisor 9bdcfec9-ef4e-4679-8df3-3dcb01a02c08 professor Leiv M. Hove opponent Bergen Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department Clinical and experimental bone healing v1000970 department Clinical and experimental bone healing research group Handledsbrott är den vanligaste frakturen på en akutmottagning. De yngre vuxna patienterna är jämnt fördelade mellan könen men de äldre har en övervikt av kvinnor. Hos de äldre men även i medelåldern uppstår frakturen företrädesvis i ett skelett med olika grad av benskörhet. Frakturen behandlas oftast med gips utan operation men drygt en femtedel opereras. Om felställningen är stor eller om frakturen inte bedöms kunna kvarstanna i ett gynnsamt läge rekommenderas en operation. Man väger in patientens funktionsnivå och ålder i den samlade bedömningen. Patienterna har under de första månaderna svårt att klara sina dagliga göromål och personliga hygien men de flesta patienter blir återställda ett år efter skadan. I vår studie har dock en femtedel av alla som bryter sin handled kvarvarande besvär ett år efter skadan såsom bestående svaghetskänsla och smärta vid belastning av handleden.<br> Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera vår behandling under det senaste decenniet för att hitta sätt att förbättra behandlingen av handledsfrakturer. Avhandlingen baseras på fyra arbeten, två kliniska studier och två registerstudier.<br> Det första delarbetet är en fem-års uppföljning av en jämförande studie mellan två kirurgiska behandlingar för felställda handledsfrakturer. Med den nya metoden, intern fixation, fixerade man frakturfragmenten med små plattor och stift och vi jämförde mot den traditionella metoden med yttre stag, en så kallad extern fixation. Vid ett år sågs bättre greppstyrka i handen och rotation av underarmen hos patienter opererade med den nyare metoden och en tendens till färre större komplikationer. Vid fem år förelåg det inte längre någon skillnad i greppstyrka eller rörelseomfång utan nu hade även patienter opererade med extern fixation uppnått ett normalvärde avseende greppstyrka och underarmsrotation.<br> I det andra delarbetet, jämfördes två olika typer av intern fixation för felställda handledsfrakturer. Vi jämförde en ny operationsmetod som snabbt blivit populär (volar platta) med den som föll bäst ut i den förra studien (fragment-specifik). Vid ett år hade bägge grupper ett bra utfall och hade uppnått ett normalvärde i greppstyrka. Mellan grupperna fanns det ingen skillnad avseende rörelseomfång eller patientupplevd handfunktion men vi hittade fler komplikationer i gruppen som blivit opererade med fragment-specifik fixation än med volar platta.<br> Det tredje delarbetet är en genomgång av patienter i vår databas av patienter med handledsfraktur i vilken vi utvärderar den patientupplevda handfunktionen med en hälsoenkät (DASH). 3666 patienter &gt;18 år sökte akutmottagningen i Lund med en handledsfraktur 2003 till 2012 och ingick i studien. Patienterna blev behandlade enligt ett behandlingsprotokoll med ca 80% gipsades och 20% opererades. 2571 patienter svarade på hälsoenkäten 12 månader efter frakturen. På gruppnivå var det patientupplevda resultatet bra och förblev oförändrad oavsett om man blev behandlad i början eller i slutet av 10-års perioden. Andelen patienter som blivit opererade var oförändrat, men en förändring av val av den kirurgiska behandlingsmetoden noterades. Extern fixation ersattes med intern fixation och den volara plattan blev den vanligaste metoden mot slutet av perioden. En subgruppsanalys visade att patienter opererade med extern fixation skattade sin handfunktion som sämre än de som opererats med volar platta.<br> Även det fjärde delarbetet baserades på registret och 445 av 2571 (17 %) patienter med kraftiga kvarvarande besvär ett år efter sitt handledsbenbrott fick fylla i en ny hälsoenkät. 269 patienter svarade på enkäten två till 12 år efter fraktur. 127 av 269 (47 %) hade förbättrats till en nivå med minimala eller moderata besvär, men majoriteten 142 av 269 (53 %) hade fortfarande kraftiga kvarvarande besvär.<br> Vi konkluderar att det behandlingsprotokoll vi använder för handledsfrakturer är användbart, och att de flesta patienter får ett bra funktionellt slutresultat både avseende patienter som behandlas utan operation och för de som opereras. De nyare operationsmetoderna med intern fixation gav snabbare rehabilitering, en tidigare normalisering av både greppstyrka och rörelseomfång efter ett år men skillnaden var försvunnen efter fem år. Under en 10-års period upplevde medianpatienten sin handled som bra men inte helt normaliserad efter ett år. Den sjättedel som upplevde sin handfunktion som kraftigt försämrad efter ett år förbättrades i hälften av fallen men blev sällan helt återställda även mätt efter många år. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f1d321f4-d3be-4fa9-8e8e-195d7ac971a8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24171971/Distal_radius_fractures_Thesis_Marcus_Landgren.pdf application/pdf 3202169 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Distal radius fracture, surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment, outcome, residual disability Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-440-9 77 2017-05-05T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:60 f1d321f4-d3be-4fa9-8e8e-195d7ac971a8 2017-04-18T10:48:47+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-04-18T10:48:47+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0c477139-a4a1-40fc-a0da-8d695c46f4cb 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Carolina Guibentif author 46eb09a5-a832-480b-ad03-272214544083 Niels-Bjarne Woods supervisor da8c63b7-a491-4591-b431-01a8c964987a David Bryder supervisor 71c40763-56e9-4548-9c38-c9ef14fa17dc Malin Parmar supervisor 36bedc1c-4906-4418-b267-a8fb03343264 professor Nancy A. Speck opponent Philadelphia Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy v1000558 department Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development v1001158 department StemTherapy: National Initiative on Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy v1001247 department Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development research group The possibility to manufacture hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory would provide an indefinite source of cells for patients requiring bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, combined with the progress in gene editing techniques, it would provide a novel platform for gene and cell replacement therapies for a range of currently incurable congenic and acquired disorders. During my PhD, I worked with an optimized protocol for in vitro blood generation from human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs). It was designed to mimic human hematopoietic development, and allowed us to explore some aspects that could elicit in vitro generation of HSCs. Using single-cell transcriptional analysis, we could explore the gene expression dynamics driving the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that occurs during in vitro differentiation. We also used this platform to explore the role of adrenergic signaling in human hematopoietic development, and identified reactive oxygen species as a major hurdle likely impairing the generation of functional HSCs from hPSCs. In this thesis, I present these studies in the context of the development of the hematopoietic system as it occurs during embryonic development, and in the framework of the latest progress in the quest of in vitro generation of HSCs. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0c477139-a4a1-40fc-a0da-8d695c46f4cb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24132383/Thesis_Guibentif_2017.pdf application/pdf 19916607 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Human pluripotent stem cells Embryonic Development endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition Hematopoiesis Cell and Molecular Biology Developmental Biology 978-91-7619-482-9 90 2017-05-11T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:102 0c477139-a4a1-40fc-a0da-8d695c46f4cb 2017-04-18T12:28:23+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:27Z 2017-04-18T12:28:23+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e544b32e-050a-4b2f-ac36-14d39c66a284 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17 i Lund. 1 Philippe Wagner author a726c8f1-d8fd-49b5-9b03-6dc50ef2a5e0 Håkan Olsson supervisor c6dd7492-5bf9-46e4-adb8-af4c6327a90e Lars Lidgren supervisor 06097d39-0526-4a27-b555-0405032ad2e6 assoc professor Håkan Jonsson opponent Umeå Medical oncology v1000463 department Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Den aktuella avhandlingen härrör ur forskningsinsatser inom klinikerna för onkologi och ortopedi vid Universitetssjukhuset i Lund, och behandlar vad som ursprungligen verkade vara två skilda ämnen.<br/>Ena ämnet behandlar epidemiologin för mjukdelssarkom hos vuxna (MDS), en grupp av ofta dödliga sjukdomar av okänd orsak, som behandlas av både onkologer och ortopeder. Här har den historiska oförmågan att kartlägga etiologin för dessa tumörer resulterat i en brist på förebyggande åtgärder med en betydande förlust av levnadsår som följd. I det här avhandlingsarbetet studerar vi faktorer förknippade med kroppskonstitution, reproduktiva händelser, ärftlighet och vävnadstrauma.<br/>Det andra ämnet behandlar risken för cancer efter knäproteskirurgi, en oro bland ortopedforskare och en viktig folkhälsofråga, då antalet proteser stadigt ökar, inte minst hos yngre patienter.<br/>Dessa två ämnen har visat sig vara relaterade då mjukdelstumörer har identifierats i anslutning till protesimplantat, vilket fört med sig att kunskap kring riskfaktorer för MDS potentiellt skulle kunna ge ledtrådar om carcinogena effekter hos protesimplantat och dess associerade faktorer, så som underliggande sjukdom och behandling.<br/>I studien av båda ämnena, arbetar vi med några av världens största och mest detaljerade studiepopulationer. En är en populationsbaserad fall-kontrollstudie med alla fall av MDS från södra sjukvårdsregionen mellan åren 1998 och 2009, vilket inkluderar nästan 1000 fall. En annan är Svenska Knäprotesregistret, världens äldsta register i sitt slag, som inkluderar alla opererade patienter från 1975 till nutid.<br/>Vi fann att 57% av MDS-fallen, och 74% av de MDS-fall som uppstod i extremiteter, i vår studiekohort kunde tillskrivas faktorer relaterade till kroppskonstitution och reproduktiva händelser, ärftlighet och vävnadstrauma. Vi finner också ett överskott av MDS-tumörer i knäproteskohorten, tillsammans med ett lågt, men statistiskt signifikant, överskott av mer vanliga cancerformer. Dessa inkluderade prostata cancer, malignt melanom och hematologiska maligniteter. Med tanke på förekomsten av MDS, drar vi slutsatsen att vävnadstrauma kan vara en bidragande faktor i till den ökade cancerrisken.<br/>Även om dessa ämnen i sig är viktiga, presenterar de också en rad intressanta utmaningar när det gäller epidemiologisk och statistisk metodik. Till exempel utgör studiet av MDS, som en heterogen grupp av sällsynta tumörsjukdomar med potentiellt skilda etiologier, problem i termer av subgruppsanalyser samt justering för multipla störfaktorer i små studier. Den sällsynta sjukdomen leder också till svårigheter att utreda effekten av ärftlighet, då etablerade analysmetoder för detta inte på ett enkelt sätt går att förena med den etablerade studiedesign som ofta används i dessa fall. Studien av proteskirurgirelaterad cancer inkluderar utmaningar i att skilja mellan kausala effekter och den bias som uppstår när sjukhuspatienter undersöks på grund av sin sjukdom och cancerdiagnoser uppkommer som ett bifynd.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e544b32e-050a-4b2f-ac36-14d39c66a284 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24192755/Kappa.pdf application/pdf 1157560 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 swe Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-445-4 98 2017-05-04T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:65 e544b32e-050a-4b2f-ac36-14d39c66a284 2017-04-18T14:45:00+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-04-18T14:45:00+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c6d33164-dd18-466b-9936-44156f3e3ea4 2026-03-10T14:06:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published C126, LUX, Helgonavägen 3, Lund 1 Helene Wilhelmson author d6b446a4-f284-485e-991b-fd2c3aced61d Torbjörn Ahlström supervisor 5f6b58c6-49bd-451f-aeb6-f1d09469c19c Nicolo Dell'Unto supervisor 689a607a-ffad-4686-9a95-9971ab987021 Marie-Louise Jörkov supervisor PhD Karina Gerdau-Radonic opponent Bournemouth University, England Historical Osteology v1000064 department The Burial Archaeological Research Group – Death, Burial, and Social Identity RG279 department The Burial Archaeological Research Group – Death, Burial, and Social Identity research group The objective of this study was to develop, test and evaluate a specifically defined interdisciplinary approach—the human-centred approach—as applied to a case study, Iron Age Öland. Four themes were selected to highlight different aspects of particular interest in Öland: taphonomy, diet, migration, and social organization. The uncremated human skeletal remains from Öland are the basis for this study. Different aspects of the bones, such as spatial distribution and chemical and physical properties, were investigated. The methods used include osteological methods, image-based modelling, isotopic analysis of bone (δ13C and δ15N; 14C) and enamel (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O), statistical modelling, and graph-based network analysis.<br/>The great impact of the choice of methodology in the different papers was apparent in evaluating how the human-centred approach could be practiced.<br/>The concept developed in Paper I, Virtual Taphonomy, provided deeper insight into the specific case study of Öland but also showed the potential of this methodology for archaeology and osteology in general.<br/>The approach to migration in Paper II gave results differing from those in Paper IV. The use of a second isotope (δ18O) in Paper IV showed how some individuals were clearly not from an area close by enough to fit within the proposed areas in Paper II. Paper IV also questioned the definitions of 87Sr/86Sr baseline and the interpretation process for deciding whether an individual is determined as a migrant. While the population level approach to migration in Paper II allowed for a discussion on the mechanisms behind migration, the approach in Paper IV instead gave insight into the nature and expression of migration within Öland’s society.<br/>In Paper III, it was demonstrated that a shift in diet (isotope variation) did not coincide with the relative typological chronology but instead should be studied by more independent chronology (such as 14C). The isotope results for Öland could also be interpreted completely differently today due to new standards for understanding how isotope values relate to human diet.<br/>Paper V showed how a transparent analysis of isotope results, osteological analysis, and archaeological parameters could be used to discuss societal development using graph-based network analysis.<br/>Using the human-centred approach to Iron Age Öland resulted in some new insights and a rethinking of society, particularly regarding diet and migration. The interpretation of the diet isotopes means that the pastoralist subsistence likely transformed the Ölandic landscape much earlier than previously thought. The dietary shift places the start of this in the final two centuries BC, not AD 200. In the Late Iron Age, the migration levels doubled, especially as women were immigrating. The people settling Öland were coming from diverse geographical areas in both periods, with the addition of more distant migrants in the Late period. I argue this is part of a creolization process in Öland in the Late Iron Age, detectable in burial practice and diet. The starting point of this great immigration is difficult to define as uncremated human remains are largely lacking in the period AD 200–700. Around AD 200, there is also a change in social organization indicated through the perceptible use of violence. I interpret this as a society where elders had diminished social power compared to earlier times, and when the increasing military focus throughout Scandinavia was also established in Öland.<br/>In conclusion, the exploration of a human-centred archaeology gave new insights of relevance to archaeology at large, not just Iron Age Öland. In particular, the strong interpretational aspects of isotopes could be demonstrated, as well as the great advantages of applying digital archaeological theory and method to human skeletal remains. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c6d33164-dd18-466b-9936-44156f3e3ea4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22632596/H_Wilhelmson_2017_Perspectives_from_a_human_centred_archaeology_doctoral_thesis.pdf application/pdf 22410015 no Lund University 2017-03-15 eng Osteology bioarchaeology Iron Age Scandinavia 3D digital Image Based Modeling GIS isotopes Oxygen Strontium Carbon Nitrogen trophic level effect fractionation chronology network Virtual Taphonomy human-centred archaeology mortographies dietary shift integration immigration diet migration violence burial Viking Age Öland island Archaeology 978-91-88473-33-2 978-91-88473-34-9 472 2017-04-12T13:15:00+02:00 c6d33164-dd18-466b-9936-44156f3e3ea4 2017-03-15T19:26:40+01:00 2026-03-10T14:06:20Z 2017-03-15T19:26:40+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d986d255-cadf-40a7-a8a1-988180d29abd 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall MA:5, Annexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Srikanth Deshpande author ff7e344a-c8e8-4959-a181-be963abfba60 Marcus Thern supervisor b159966b-e643-4a1e-9fb6-fe9a1b5d4fb7 Magnus Genrup supervisor d3f99120-a2ab-491a-b086-cacb36687b0a Associate Professor Lars Nord opponent Norwegian University of Science and Technology Thermal Power Engineering v1000209 department The cost of ownership of a power plant is partly governed by the efficiency of the turbine island. The turbine stands for the production revenues when transforming the energy in fuel into electric power and district heating. One gauge of the quality of the individual processes is the component efficiency - the current work <br/> addresses the turbine part of the power plant. The turbine efficiency is dependent on both process parameters and the blading aerodynamics. The former is typically the steam data (e.g. temperature, pressure and mass flow) that influences the volumetric flow through the turbine. The blading aerodynamics is the local flow process in each stage in the turbine. The efficiency of a stage (i.e. a stator and a rotor) is limited by losses due to dissipation in boundary layers,<br/>losses due to secondary flows, leakage mixing and lost work, etc. Most previous development efforts in the industrial steam turbine segment have been towards reduced first cost and not necessarily the efficiency. Most industrial steam turbines utilize prismatic (or un-twisted) blades for shorter stages. A constant section rotor blade typically is milled in a two-axis machine whilst more advanced<br/>shapes require five-axis flank milling. The costs associated with the latter have today leveled with the simpler manufacturing methods. This technology step has been introduced in larger size utility type of turbines with very high attainable efficiency levels. An industrial size steam turbine cannot reach the same level of efficiency and lags several points behind as for a utility type unit, because of the lower volumetric flow and the cylinder pressure ratio. The focus in the present work has been to reduce the losses and hence increase efficiency in an industrial size steam turbine stage. Profile losses and secondary losses being the two main targets to improve performance, the work is focused on both the loss mechanisms. The work has been carried out by state-of-the-art turbine design tools and comprises: one-dimensional tool, two-dimensional blade-to-blade flow analysis and full three-dimensional high-fidelity CFD. The datum stage is a<br/>tall stage in an assumed Siemens SST- turbine. The work, however, is generic for low-reaction steam turbines. The work shows that the stage performance can be increased. The significant improvement obtained from<br/>numerical prediction makes a strong case for the proposed design modifications to be considered. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d986d255-cadf-40a7-a8a1-988180d29abd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23415934/thesis4_withoutpapers.pdf application/pdf 3222533 no Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University 2017-04-02 eng Energy Engineering 978-91-7753-227-9 978-91-7753-228-6 70 2017-05-05T10:15:00+02:00 d986d255-cadf-40a7-a8a1-988180d29abd 2017-04-02T13:50:28+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-02T13:50:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4453198b-d91c-4b68-8f80-8c36a0f3ef35 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, våning 3, avdelningen för obstetrik och gynekologi, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Lund. 1 Ulrika Nörby author 271038ab-016d-41b7-9023-0b40639cb4da Karin Källén supervisor d65262b8-1926-4126-984d-34d43407c75a Birger Winbladh supervisor Seher Korkmaz supervisor professor Hedvig Nordeng opponent Oslo Universitet, Norge Tornblad Institute v1001134 department Tornblad Institute research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4453198b-d91c-4b68-8f80-8c36a0f3ef35 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25607470/Ulrika_N_rby_webb.pdf application/pdf 1227159 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-480-5 94 2017-06-09T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:100 4453198b-d91c-4b68-8f80-8c36a0f3ef35 2017-04-03T12:00:31+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-04-03T12:00:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f1f1862b-6be9-4b7b-8f19-34de6dda4c9b 2025-10-21T11:05:19Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsalen, Pufendorfinstitutet, Biskopsgatan 2, Lund 1 Carlos Urey author e974fd20-64f2-4d99-8a72-8b203c0c665d Roland Andersson supervisor f0eb48cc-f058-43f4-97b0-6614a71ff984 Bodil Andersson supervisor fb7eeeed-eeab-43bd-82d1-4049f3137490 DANIEL ANSARI supervisor 62b49560-567f-46d1-b218-21eed7e0a83f professor Martin Malmsten opponent University of Copenhagen, Denmark Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery v1000974 department Surgery (Lund) v1000466 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery research group Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival of less than 6%. The only potential cure for pancreatic cancer is by surgical removal of the tumor. However, most patients present with an advanced and metastasized disease at the time of diagnosis, leaving only around 15% of patients eligible for surgery. For the majority of patients, palliative chemotherapeutic treatment is the only option.<br/><br/>Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analogue, has been the standard chemotherapeutic treatment for pancreatic cancer in both the palliative and adjuvant settings. However, the use of gemcitabine is problematic, as it presents several drawbacks such as a short half-life (~15 min), drug resistance, deficient drug delivery, poor<br/>cellular uptake and hence, a suboptimal therapeutic response.<br/><br/>The aim of this thesis was to develop a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for a targeted and improved delivery of gemcitabine for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. <br/><br/>To address this issue, we used a liposomal drug delivery system as the delivery system of choice. In a first stage, we developed and extensively characterized the liposomal system by use of several measurement techniques, such as DLS, cryo-TEM, nES GEMMA and AF4, evaluated the system stability and studied the<br/>biodistribution profile of the liposomal system by use of radiolabeled liposomes and SPECT/CT imaging. In a second stage, we proceeded to develop a targeted treatment. We first identified a potential targeting protein, MUC4, which is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer but not expressed in the healthy pancreas and studied its clinical impact on resected pancreatic cancer patients. Finally, we developed a MUC4-targeted immunoliposome (iGemLip). iGemLip showed a significantly higher binding affinity, cellular uptake and antiproliferative effect on a MUC4-positive pancreatic cancer cell line, Capan-1, compared to both free and liposomal gemcitabine. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f1f1862b-6be9-4b7b-8f19-34de6dda4c9b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25151333/Carlos_Urey_inkl._omslag_elektronisk_publicering.pdf application/pdf 3001980 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Drug Delivery Systems Liposomes Pancreatic cancer Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-470-6 70 2017-05-31T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:90 f1f1862b-6be9-4b7b-8f19-34de6dda4c9b 2017-04-03T16:15:23+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:19Z 2017-04-03T16:15:23+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:adfb11ee-7719-4337-9d03-4ccd03fbbef5 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Världen”, Geocentre I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Nitin Chaudhary author 75deead7-680a-4dce-80e8-acfac9f079fd Benjamin Smith supervisor b1545e30-e69c-4d60-bbfc-ccfbeb92fafc Paul Miller supervisor f0ccbb8b-12e7-4e35-9dec-799053c3c695 Dr. Mathew Williams opponent Global Change Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system v1000618 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department The majority of the northern peatlands developed during the Holocene as a result of a positive mass balance between net primary productivity (NPP) and heterotrophic decomposition rates. Over that time they have sequestered a huge amount of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. A significant proportion of these areas also coincides with areas underlain with permafrost and shows a diverse range of peat accumulation patterns. Thus, for predicting and understanding the long-term evolution of peatland carbon stocks across the pan-Arctic, mechanistic representations of both peatland and permafrost dynamics are needed in the modelling framework. In this thesis, a novel implementation of dynamic multi-layer peatland and permafrost dynamics in the individual- and patch- based dynamic vegetation and ecosystem model (LPJ-GUESS) is described. The major emphasis of this work goes into enhancing the current understanding of the processes involved in the long-term peat accumulation and its internal dynamics, including how these systems are influenced by small-scale heterogeneity, vegetation dynamics and interactions with underlying permafrost. A simple two-dimensional microtopographical (2-DMT) model was also developed to address the established hypotheses concerning stability, behaviour and transformation of these microstructures and the effects of this small-scale heterogeneity on the coupled dynamics of vegetation, hydrology and peat accumulation. LPJ-GUESS was calibrated and validated using data from a mire in Stordalen, northern Sweden, and evaluated using data from multiple sites in Scandinavia and from Mer Bleue, Canada. It was subsequently applied across the pan-Arctic to advance the existing knowledge on carbon accumulation rates at different spatial and temporal scales, and also to demonstrate the potential implications of current warming on these climate sensitive ecosystems. Both of the models developed in this thesis performed satisfactorily when confronted with experimental data.<br/><br/>LPJ-GUESS is quite robust in capturing peat accumulation and permafrost dynamics including reasonable vegetation and hydrological conditions at temporal and spatial scales across various climate gradients. The simulations improved our knowledge of peatland functioning in the past, present and future. It was found that Stordalen mire will continue to accumulate carbon in the coming decades but later will turn into a carbon source. It was also found that permafrost-free regions that are predicted to experience reduced rates of precipitation may lose significant amount of carbon in the future due to reductions in soil moisture. Conversely, peatlands currently underlain with permafrost could gain carbon due to an initial increase in soil moisture as a result of permafrost thawing. My modelling results also suggest that peatlands can show diverse range of behaviour with alternative compositional and structural dynamics depending on the initial topographical, climatic conditions, and plant characteristics, therefore, it will be challenging to represent such dynamics in current Earth System Models (ESMs). With the inclusion of aforementioned processes, LPJ-GUESS has now become quite robust. The resultant model can now be coupled with ESM where it can address issues related to peatland-mediated biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks to climate change in the Arctic and globally.<br/> En majoritet av de nordliga torvmarkerna utvecklades under holocen som ett resultat av en positiv massbalans mellan nettoprimärproduktion och heterotrofa nedbrytningshastigheter. Sedan dess har de lagrat stora mängder kol i terrestra ekosystem. En betydande del av dessa områden sammanfaller också med regioner med underliggande permafrost och uppvisar olika ackumulationsmönster av torv. Således, för att kunna förutse och förstå den långsiktiga utvecklingen av kollagret i torvmark i Arktiska områden, är det nödvändigt att använda mekanistiska framställningar av både torvmark och permafrost i modellering. I den här avhandlingen beskrivs en ny dynamisk flerskiktsimplementering av torvmarker och permafrostdynamik i den individ- och patchbaserade dynamiska vegetations- och ekosystemmodellen LPJ-GUESS. Syftet med studierna i avhandlingen är att förbättra förståelsen av de processer som påverkar långsiktig torvackumulering och dess inre dynamik samt att inkludera hur dessa system påverkas av småskalig heterogenitet, vegetationsdynamik och interaktion med underliggande permafrost. En enkel tvådimensionell mikrotopografisk modell har också tagits fram för att undersöka etablerade hypoteser rörande stabilitet, beteende och transformation av dessa mikrostrukturer och effekter av denna småskaliga heterogenitet på kopplad dynamisk vegetation, hydrologi och torvackumulering. LPJ-GUESS kalibrerades och validerades med data från en myr i Stordalen i norra Sverige och utvärderades med data från flera platser i Skandinavien och Mer Bleue i Kanada. Modellen tillämpades sedan på regional nivå för att förbättra kunskapen om kolinlagringshastigheter för olika rums- och tidsupplösningar samt för att demonstrera potentiella följder av nuvarande uppvärmning på dessa klimatkänsliga ekosystem. Båda modellerna som utvecklades i den här avhandlingen fungerade tillfredsställande vid jämförelser med experimentella data.<br/><br/>LPJ-GUESS är tämligen robust på att beskriva torvackumulering och permafrostdynamik med rimliga vegetations- och hydrologiska förhållanden för tids- och rumsupplösningar för olika klimatgradienter. Simuleringarna förbättrade vår kunskap om hur torvmarken utvecklades i det förflutna men också hur det utvecklas idag och kan komma att utvecklas i framtiden. Det visade sig att myren i Stordalen kommer att fortsätta att ackumulera kol de kommande årtionderna men senare kommer att övergå till en kolkälla. Det visade sig också att permafrostfria regioner som förutses erhålla reducerad mängd av nederbörd kan komma att förlora en signifikant mängd kol i framtiden till följd av minskad markfukt, medan torvmark med underliggande permafrost kan öka kolinlagringen på grund av en initial ökning i markfukt till följd av permafrostupptining, vilket undertrycker nedbrytning och förhöjer växtproduktion. Våra modelleringsresultat antyder även att torvmark kan uppvisa olika beteende med alternativ sammansättning och strukturell dynamik beroende på initiala topografiska- och klimatologiska förhållanden, växtegenskaperna och det kommer i allmänhet att bli en utmaning att inkludera dem i nuvarande ESM:s. Dock så är LPJ-GUESS redo att användas i ESM:s i sin nuvarande form där den kan hantera problem relaterade till biogeokemiska och biofysikaliska återkopplingar till klimatförändringar i Arktis och globalt.<br/> <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/adfb11ee-7719-4337-9d03-4ccd03fbbef5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23561369/kappa.pdf application/pdf 3073094 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23860008/Thesis_C.pdf application/pdf 20862514 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2017-03 eng PEATLANDS PERMAFROST Carbon accumulation Microtopography LPJ-GUESS Earth system models Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Physical Geography 978-91-85793-79-2 978-91-85793-80-8 227 2017-04-21T13:00:00+02:00 adfb11ee-7719-4337-9d03-4ccd03fbbef5 2017-04-04T18:06:52+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-04T18:06:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:90ce44ec-4a73-4e2b-846d-6817d1bd8f62 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published C121, LUX, Helgonavägen 3, Lund 1 Asger Kirkeby-Hinrup author f5ebec07-e036-44d7-b7b7-6f6068bce0e1 Ingar Brinck supervisor 0407c90c-78e2-4345-9458-86533d9a7fef Gärdenfors Peter supervisor professor Uriah Kriegel opponent Institut Jean Nicod, Paris Theoretical Philosophy v1000052 department CogComlab RG305 department CogComlab research group This thesis investigates two areas of the philosophy of mind where empirical data play a role in philosophical argument. The first area, investigated in three papers, is the higher-order thought theory of consciousness, and specifically the possibility of higher-order thoughts misrepresenting what state an individual is actually in. The second area, investigated in two papers, is free will. <br/>The introductory essay provides an overview and discussion of a selection of cases, where empirical sciences and the philosophy of mind Interact. <br/>The first paper is a critical evaluation of an argument for the possibility of misrepresentation based on rare cases of Charles Bonnet syndrome. The paper assesses whether the rare cases of Charles Bonnet syndrome really show what they are purported to. I conclude that there is a fallacy in the argument developed from the empirical data. The upshot is that the rare Charles Bonnet syndrome cannot be counted as evidence of misrepresentation. <br/>In the second paper, I propose a theory of free will that turns on aversion and positive reinforcement. According to the theory aversion and positive reinforcement enter into a self-perpetuating mechanism driving a propensity for introspection. If we identify this propensity for introspection with free will, I argue, we can get a concept of free will that is in line with intuitions, and gives us what it is we want when we want free will.<br/>In the third paper, I propose that the philosophical concept of wholeheartedness may be fruitfully applied to empirical data from the choice blindness phenomenon. Because the concept of wholeheartedness has inherent ties to personal identity, it may serve to delineate the boundary between choices can be manipulated and those that cannot. This, in turn, also means that the choice blindness phenomenon is not a threat to theories of free will where wholeheartedness serves as the foundation for free will.<br/>The fourth paper assesses the change blindness phenomenon proposed to support the possibility of misrepresentation. I propose an alternative interpretation of the change blindness data on which nothing follows with respect to misrepresentation. Three lines of reply defending change blindness as evidence of misrepresentation against my interpretation are examined and debunked. Because it is underdetermined which interpretation is correct, pending further evidence, change blindness cannot be counted as evidence of misrepresentation.<br/>In the fifth paper, my co-author and I align ourselves with the alternative interpretation of the change-blindness data presented in the fourth paper. We present empirical data in support of the central hypothesis of the alternative interpretation. The view advanced is the mind conceived of as satisficing, geared towards reliability instead of truth-tracking, and guided by representations that are good enough as opposed to complete or corresponding to the facts. We posit that the alternative interpretation is at least as plausible as the one in terms of misrepresentation and has similar explanatory, predictive, and descriptive powers.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/90ce44ec-4a73-4e2b-846d-6817d1bd8f62 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/24561636/Kirkeby_Hinrup_2017_Introductory_Chapters.pdf application/pdf 39666204 no Lund University Press 2017 eng Consciousness higher-order thought misrepresentation Free Will change blindness Charles Bonnet Syndrome Choice Blindness Wholeheartedness Introspection 9789188473400 164 2017-05-31T10:00:00+02:00 90ce44ec-4a73-4e2b-846d-6817d1bd8f62 2017-03-29T09:30:48+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-29T09:30:48+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:beb356f5-9799-4e4b-aaba-02fba13fae93 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Biomedicinskt centrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Björn Isfoss author 2a86cabe-b049-484a-b7ac-e76172ab31be Håkan Olsson supervisor c6dd7492-5bf9-46e4-adb8-af4c6327a90e Bo Holmqvist supervisor b902072a-f6a2-4c3b-8642-8b391006fccc Per Alm supervisor 2a94de04-cfc1-4073-8768-a11b128a461d professor Jorma Isola opponent Tampere, Finland Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department It is unknown whether native cells in benign breast tissue mediate risk of cancer.<br/>We therefore aimed to identify cell types in benign human mammary tissue<br/>immunohistologically using markers of stemness and differentiation, and to<br/>investigate their possible associations with clinical risk factors for breast cancer.<br/>We found that cells that are integrated in benign epithelium and are<br/>immunoreactive for the stem cell marker ALDH1 are negative for markers of<br/>glandular differentiation, proliferation, and estrogen receptor. High numbers of<br/>these cells were associated with the risk factors family history of breast cancer,<br/>BRCA1/2 carrier status, low parity, and hormone use.<br/>Stromal ALDH1+ cells are either spindle-shaped/polygonal (s/p) or round/oval<br/>(r/o), and the latter are positive for the contractile protein marker SMMHC.<br/>ALDH1+ s/p cells are positive for the stellate cell marker vinculin. Low numbers<br/>of these cells were associated with family history, and when negative for the stem<br/>cell marker CD44 they were associated with nulliparity. Low numbers of<br/>ALDH1+ CD44+ CD24– r/o cells were associated with family history. ALDH1+<br/>r/o cells were positively or negatively associated with low parity depending on the<br/>patients' BRCA1/2 status.<br/>High numbers of r/o cells that are positive for the mesenchymal stem cell<br/>marker SSEA3 were associated with low parity, family history, and hormone use<br/>after menopause.<br/>This study describes novel stromal cells in breast that were associated with risk<br/>factors for breast cancer. If confirmed in independent cohorts, they may be used<br/>for stratification of women with regard to risk of breast cancer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/beb356f5-9799-4e4b-aaba-02fba13fae93 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23690758/Bj_rn_I_G5_webb.pdf application/pdf 10844341 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng 978-91-7619-439-3 59 2017-04-28T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:59 beb356f5-9799-4e4b-aaba-02fba13fae93 2017-04-07T22:41:25+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-04-07T22:41:25+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f5d90cd0-24cc-4e91-9638-145ee6567423 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg lecture hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Shabnam Oghbaie author ab54decc-9cae-4423-b33f-36448c2fd25e Stacey Ristinmaa Sörensen supervisor 1e12dc97-e122-4fd1-92bf-c104163b8760 Mathieu Gisselbrecht supervisor a8068bd1-e1a6-4eb7-8516-91815d75df08 Professor Marc Simon opponent Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie CURIE, Paris, France Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department This thesis presents studies on dissociation of two model molecules: Butadiene and Cyclopropane. Tunable synchrotron radiation was used to ionize or excite the molecules in the gas phase, and the momentum correlation of the resulting fragment ions were measured using a 3D momenta coincident ion spectroscopy. The experimental results were interpreted with the aid of ab-initio quantum calculation. This allows us to gain insight into the fundamental processes behind the molecular dissociation, that how correlated electronic and nuclear dynamics drive molecular dissociation.<br/>Tunable XUV-radiation was used to doubly ionize molecules to different states.<br/>By Comparing experimental and theoretical values for appearance energy and kinetic energy released of the dissociation channels, electronic gateway state of each dissociation channels were identified. By analysing the momentum vector of ion pairs as a function of photon energy and internal energy sharing in the dissociative double ionization channels, mechanisms of double ionization (direct or indirect) processes were investigated. The studies shed light on the electron-electron and electron-nuclear correlation effects in the molecules.<br/>Tunable X-rays were used to selectively excite a localized core electron to different valence orbitals, and the subsequent autoionization and dissociation processes were studied by analysing the correlated momentum of ionic fragments. In butadiene, the dependence of molecular dissociation on the initial site of core-hole was studied for the chemically shifted terminal and central carbon core-electrons excitation.<br/>In cyclopropane the dependence of molecular dissociation on the changing of the molecular bonding character was studied for different core-to-valence excitation.<br/>The studies indicated the importance of the ultra-fast nuclear dynamics initiated<br/>within a few femtosecond core-hole lifetime changing the picture of electron-electron correlation in autoionization processes and leading to specific dissociation channels. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f5d90cd0-24cc-4e91-9638-145ee6567423 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23811350/Kappa.pdf application/pdf 33017908 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research 2017 eng Molecular dissociation core-electron excitation double ionization femtoseconds molecular dynamics Isomerization symmetry breaking momentum imaging site-selective dissociation butadiene cyclopropane nuclear dynamics Auger decay Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-262-0 978-91-7753-263-7 120 2017-05-19T13:15:00+02:00 f5d90cd0-24cc-4e91-9638-145ee6567423 2017-04-10T13:33:58+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-10T13:33:58+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bd0beb77-f687-476d-a7db-25bcc1d915d9 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Cezar Zota author 13b503ed-4348-445d-9ded-d847d404413d Erik Lind supervisor 58f5e3ae-45b0-4599-9fee-c72f17e8b141 Lars-Erik Wernersson supervisor df6a486d-cb71-4d90-b84b-a2115a5761bf Erik Lind supervisor 58f5e3ae-45b0-4599-9fee-c72f17e8b141 Mattias Borg supervisor 7d56b4b7-cbc2-4c91-8203-f146c60288a6 Professor Mark Rodwell opponent University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Nano Electronics v1001106 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Nano Electronics research group III-V compound semiconductors are used in, among many other things, high-frequency electronics. They are also considered as a replacement for silicon in CMOS technology. Yet, a III-V transistor outperforming state-of-the-art silicon devices in VLSI-relevant metrics has not yet decisively been demonstrated. In this work, the limits of III-V FET performance, for both RF and VLSI applications, are explored experimentally. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bd0beb77-f687-476d-a7db-25bcc1d915d9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23814249/CBZ_THESIS_20170410.pdf application/pdf 17726284 no Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University 2017-04-10 eng III-V MOSFET Transistor Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-144-9 978-91-7753-145-6 2017-05-12T10:15:00+02:00 bd0beb77-f687-476d-a7db-25bcc1d915d9 2017-04-10T15:51:28+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-10T15:51:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8f872b67-d220-4d2e-8a90-aea3ced7947d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses epub Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Karl Mcshane author ec83f9d1-be98-445f-b506-cba057b432ef Sonja Opper supervisor 95df3a71-9843-4b1f-aadc-14df441fe1ed Fredrik N G Andersson supervisor a277b323-fbf4-46ef-a7f2-c85be83759ef Professor Thráinn Eggertsson opponent University of Iceland & Hertie School of Governance, Berlin Department of Economics v1000029 department This dissertation consists of three empirical essays concerning social norms and their effect on economic outcomes. Each essays discusses a seperate subject. <br/><br/>The first paper, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Gender Norms and Women Executives in the United States studies social norms as a distal cause of differences between genders in corporate executive recruitment strategies. Using census-level panel data covering executive positions of large U.S. corporations, and matching regional data on gender norms, we explore whether gender norms are causally related with recruitment patterns at the executive floor. Controlling for legal institutions and quality of labor supply, we show that gender norms do indeed have a substantial and significant impact on executive recruitment patterns. The norms of both men and women have an effect, although the channels through which they operate differ: while the former operates mostly only in tandem with increasing education among women the latter has a strong direct effect. Further, we find that norms take about 15 years to materially affect recruitment decisions and that national level norms have a greater effect than regional norms.<br/><br/>The second essay, Getting Used to Diversity? Immigration and Trust in Sweden, studies the effect of historical diversity on modern diversity’s effect on generalized trust using Swedish individual level trust data and historical diversity data reaching back over a century. The results show that present-day increases in diversity lowers social trust only in those regions who had high levels of diversity in the past. This effect is driven by non-Nordic immigration while immigrants from the other Nordic countries do not have any negative effect on trust. This results suggests that the historical experiences of diversity increases the saliency of group dividers based on region of birth, even over time. <br/><br/>The third and last essay, The Effect of Business Incubators on Firm Size and Performance: The Case of ICT Firms in Southern Sweden, uses data on ICT firms both with and without incubator experience in Malmö and Lund, two towns in the very south of Sweden. The results show that the incubators located in these town do not positively affect their incumbents’ returns, employment, level of assets, or sales. In fact, while still located at the incubator, incubated firms have lower returns and sell less than comparable firms outside of the incubator. Previous results on the effects of incubation differ depending on the region studied suggesting that local context, including local entrepreneurial culture, is an important determinant of the effectiveness of business incubators.<br/> This dissertation consists of three empirical essays concerning social norms and their effect on economic outcomes. Each essays discusses a seperate subject. <br/>The first paper, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Gender Norms and Women Executives in the United States studies social norms as a distal cause of differences between genders in corporate executive recruitment strategies. Using census-level panel data covering executive positions of large US corporations, and matching regional data on gender norms, we explore whether gender norms are causally related with recruitment patterns at the executive floor. Controlling for legal institutions and quality of labor supply, we show that gender norms do indeed have a substantial and significant impact on executive recruitment patterns. The norms of both men and women have an effect, although the channels through which they operate differ: while the former operates mostly only in tandem with increasing education among women the latter also has a strong direct effect. Further, we find that norms take about 15 years to materially affect recruitment decisions and that national level norms have a greater effect than regional norms.<br/>The second essay, Getting Used to Diversity? Immigration and Trust in Sweden, studies the effect of historical diversity on modern diversity’s effect on generalized trust using Swedish individual level trust data and historical diversity data reaching back over a century. The results show that present day increases in diversity lowers social trust only in those regions who had high levels of diversity in the past. This effect is driven by non-Nordic immigration while immigrants from the other Nordic countries do not have any negative effect on trust. This results suggests that the historical experiences of diversity does not decrease the saliency of group dividers based on region of birth, even over time. <br/>The third and last essay, The Effect of Business Incubators on Firm Size and Performance: The Case of ICT Firms in Southern Sweden, uses data on ICT firms both with and without incubator experience in Malmö and Lund, two towns in the very south of Sweden. The results show that the incubators located in these town do not positively affect their incumbents’ returns, employment, level of assets, or sales. In fact, while still located at the incubator, incubated firms have lower returns and sell less than comparable firms outside of the incubator. Previous results on the effects of incubation differ depending on the region studied suggesting that local context, including local entrepreneurial culture, is an important determinant of the effectiveness of business incubators. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8f872b67-d220-4d2e-8a90-aea3ced7947d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23896825/McShane_thesis.pdf application/pdf 3281025 no Lund University 2017-04-12 eng Social Norms Gender norms Executive recruitment Generalized trust Immigration business incubators Entrepreneurship Social norms gender norms entrepreneurship business incubators immigration generalized trust social trust Economics 978-91-7753-208-8 978-91-7753-209-5 149 2017-05-24T10:00:00+02:00 8f872b67-d220-4d2e-8a90-aea3ced7947d 2017-04-12T09:48:45+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-12T09:48:45+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:255716eb-8283-46ba-9983-c3e3ff3dcb61 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC, Sölvegatan 19, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 John Albinsson author 5db77d90-bb5e-47f9-b2ed-95326049123a Magnus Cinthio supervisor 16da4aa4-38a7-4c4a-ada8-90100f4c4c89 Tomas Jansson supervisor f774c6e2-078f-4c53-9791-fa840da52bcd Åsa Rydén Ahlgren supervisor 6ada94a4-5a26-4683-9180-65020d387a8f Professor Hervé Liebgott opponent University of Lyon, France. Division for Biomedical Engineering v1000202 department Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. In order to improve the diagnostics and facilitate early interventions of cardiovascular diseases, knowledge about the physiology of the vascular system in both healthy subjects and in subjects with vascular disease is needed. In order to learn more about the physiology of the vascular system and possibly predict cardiovascular diseases, accurate motion estimations of the arterial wall is needed. It has been the aim of this thesis to develop more robust motion estimation methods for use on cine loops to investigate the entire thickness of the arterial wall.<br/>In this thesis, the concept of 2D speckle block matching was expanded with the use of an extra kernel for improved robustness and tracking accuracy. It was shown that the use of an extra kernel reduced the motion estimation errors when using a constant kernel size (in silico and on phantoms), or reduced the needed size of the kernel while maintaining the level of motion estimation errors (in vivo). Further, a sub-sample estimation method has been developed which combines two previously presented methods: parabolic and grid slope sub-sample interpolation. It was found that by combining the two methods with a threshold determining which method to use, the proposed method reduced the absolute sub-sample estimation errors in simulated and phantom cine loops. A limited in vivo evaluation of estimations of the longitudinal movement of the common carotid artery using parabolic and grid slope sub-sample interpolation and the proposed method were conducted showing that the method worked well in vivo.<br/>The two methods were combined to estimate the longitudinal wall movement of the right common carotid artery on 135 healthy volunteers for improved understanding of the wall movements. The results show that the pronounced variation in patterns of longitudinal movement of the common carotid artery previously shown in young healthy subjects is also present in middle-aged and older healthy subjects. However, the patterns of movement seen in middle-aged and older subjects are different from those commonly seen in young subjects, including the appearance of two additional distinct phases of movement, and thus new complex patterns of movement.<br/>The use of ultrasound sampled at a high frame rate has the potential to visualize previously unknown information of the longitudinal movement. An iterative scheme for Lagrangian motion estimations in cine loops collected at high frame rates was developed. A phantom evaluation using ultrasound cine loops showed a reduction by an average 54% in the estimated velocity errors compared to a standard method. It also showed a reduction by an average 73 % in the estimated displacement errors. A feasibility test of tracking in vivo indicated good agreement with motion estimations using a low frame rate cine loop.<br/>This thesis thus present and evaluate refined methods to measure vascular function through the estimation of longitudinal movement.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/255716eb-8283-46ba-9983-c3e3ff3dcb61 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23898159/Albinsson_avhandling_Tryck.pdf application/pdf 7279869 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23898161/Kappa_Slutgiltig.pdf application/pdf 2956321 no First Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund university 2017-04-12 eng ultraljud block-matching vävnadsrörelser longitudinal movement Medical Imaging 978-91-7753-220-0 978-91-7753-221-7 144 2017-05-12T09:15:00+02:00 255716eb-8283-46ba-9983-c3e3ff3dcb61 2017-04-12T11:12:16+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-04-12T11:12:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e1718024-f780-4c84-add8-e81825babd15 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, MFC, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Malmö. 1 Ilka Kamrad author 09ce00f3-88d3-4b4d-8d0b-9e1d0442cdf9 Björn Rosengren supervisor 424e5b7a-ffa1-4099-81f9-961d13669024 Magnus Karlsson supervisor 538675ac-1e73-4541-9ba4-7db80110b38e Åke Carlsson supervisor 27ca355c-9543-4145-a10d-2617037defcf Håkan I Magnusson supervisor d31f395c-1af1-4009-9cfe-54903d271ab0 associate professor Markus Knupp opponent Mein Fusszentrum, Basel, Switzerland Orthopedics v1000532 department Orthopedics research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e1718024-f780-4c84-add8-e81825babd15 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22885521/Ilka_Kamrad_avhandling.pdf application/pdf 4150239 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng ankle arthritis Total Ankle Replacement ankle arthrodesis revision survival PROM salvage arthrodesis bilateral ankle arthrodesis Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-431-7 74 2017-04-07T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:51 e1718024-f780-4c84-add8-e81825babd15 2017-03-21T09:18:16+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-03-21T09:18:16+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e6f0e4d0-bb45-4aa9-a52a-1005200aa319 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, BMC, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Leila Etemadi author 70df4f0b-00fd-4fa2-a8cc-0a0f722254c2 Nils Danielsen supervisor 69c36b4a-2569-4a48-93f3-22eef6f6cd70 Jens Schouenborg supervisor 7dfa5833-fd5c-4a03-9c0d-6a5d52761678 Lina Pettersson supervisor 55ae444c-8500-4ca6-a81a-b167c931d443 professor Sven Tågerud opponent Kalmar Neuronano Research Center (NRC) v1000398 department Neuronano Research Center (NRC) research group Pain is a major health issue for each affected individual and has a large impact on health costs. Most of our knowledge about this defensive system rely on data from different animal experiments. There is an obvious need for a translational pain model allowing comparisons between experimental animals and humans. UVB irradiation of skin has been introduced as a valid translational pain model and this model have resulted in comparable behavioral and electrophysiological data obtained from animals and humans. This thesis partly focus on detecting alterations for two neuropeptides (galanin and substance P), known to be involved in pain modulation, in the rat sensory nervous system after UVB irradiation of the rat hind paw on one side. UVB irradiation induced increased immunoreactivity for galanin in the lateral spinal nucleus (LSN) and in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord and also a reduction of the proportion of galanin positive neurons in corresponding DRGs. The changes observed for galanin in the LSN area have previously not been reported. The peak of the changes occurred 24 - 48 h after UVB irradiation which correlates with the time frame when primary and secondary hyperalgesia can be observed in rats and humans after UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation also induced increased c-fos activity in the dorsal part of the spinal cord and in the area around the central canal. For the other neuropeptide, substance P, an increase was observed 48 h in the LSN area. The changes observed on the ipsilateral side could also be observed on the contralateral side. This observation implies that the contralateral side should not be used as the control after induced inflammation on one side. Another goal of this thesis was to develop a mechanically flexible electrode system that precisely could target neurons deep in the brain. An electrode system containing 28 individual recording electrodes was constructed and it could be implanted into the brain after gelatine embedding. This electrode system made it possible to obtain stable neurophysiological recordings during eight weeks in awake, freely moving rats. Histological examination verified that the individual electrodes had reached their target, the subthalamic nucleus, and that they also spread out within the target. This electrode system can be used as a tool for further experimental pain studies. The fourth article focus on visualising neurons in histological sections from cortex, spinal cord and DRG using two pan-neuronal markers, HuC/HuD and NeuN. Different staining procedures were used, glass mounted sections or free floating ones with or without an antigen retrieval protocol. The anti-HuC/HuD antibody together with a standard immunohistochemical protocol worked well for cortical sections stained on glass or in a free floating mode. For the anti-NeuN antibody the best results were obtained after an antigen retrieval protocol. For spinal cord sections the use of the anti-HuC/HuD antibody gave the most favourable results. This antibody was used when the spinal cord sections were stained for evaluating the changes induced in the dorsal part of the spinal cord after UVB irradiation. Both antibodies worked well for DRG sections. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that UVB induced skin inflammation will cause rapid biochemical alterations in the parts of the nervous system related to pain signalling. A novel electrode system has been developed that can be used for further experimental pain studies. Furthermore, different pan-neuronal markers differ in their ability to stain neurons from different parts of the nervous system. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e6f0e4d0-bb45-4aa9-a52a-1005200aa319 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22884999/e_spik_leila_nr_3.pdf application/pdf 1311986 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng UVB irradiation Pain Neuropeptides Inflammation Contralateral Lateral spinal nucleus Micro-array electrodes Pan-neuronal markers immunohistochemistry Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-436-2 74 2017-04-27T13:15:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:56 e6f0e4d0-bb45-4aa9-a52a-1005200aa319 2017-03-21T14:31:08+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-03-21T14:31:08+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:baee2c46-4095-4717-abb3-725425c47e32 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M, B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 ADRIAN NILSSON DAHLQVIST author a5c5deb5-f837-47b5-93d2-d90e81588ac4 Magnus Genrup supervisor d3f99120-a2ab-491a-b086-cacb36687b0a Mats Sjödin supervisor Dr Lennard Helmers opponent Siemens, Germany Thermal Power Engineering v1000209 department The world is today facing a serious problem with global warming, which is heading towards an appallingly high temperature level. The greater part of the overall climate science community agree that global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, which depends largely on emitted CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel. The agreement at the COP 21 climate meeting in Paris (December 2015) was that global warming must be limited to no more than + 2.0 C, with the aim of keeping it below + 1.5 C. Accomplishing this requires<br/>a concerted effort in several different areas, for example through increased energy efficiency, more renewable energy sources and the utilization of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology. The oxy-fuel combined cycle (OCC), which is the topic of this thesis, is a subcategory of oxy-fuel combustion which, in turn is one of the three main technologies for CCS today. The key idea with oxy-fuel combustion is to avoid mixing the CO2 formed in the combustion with<br/>the non-condensable nitrogen, as occurs at the combustion in a conventional combined cycle power plant (CCPP). This is achieved by combusting the gas fuel with pure oxygen (O2) and thereby forming a combustion product consisting of only steam (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 can then be separated downstream of the HRSG by condensing out the H2O and thereby leaving a pure stream of CO2 for sequestration. The OCC consists of a topping Brayton cycle and a bottoming Rankine cycle and has many similarities with a conventional CCPP. In the OCC, however, the flue gas leaving the HRSG is recirculated back to the gas turbine units compressor inlet, instead of being emitted to the atmosphere as in a CCPP. Thereby, the combustion products also act as the working medium in the topping (gas turbine) cycle. The working medium has a composition of about 85 wt.-% CO2, 10 wt.-% H2O and a few percentage points of enriched nitrogen and argon, which follows with the oxygen stream as impurities. The CO2-rich working medium has significantly different gas properties, compared to air and conventional flue gas. This affect the design of the topping cycle, the exhaust heat utilization in the HRSG, the design requirements for the gas turbine unit and the aerodynamic design of its compressor and turbines. One of the major effects on the design, is the requirement for a higher gas turbine pressure ratio than for a conventional CCPP, as a result of the lower isentropic exponent for the CO2-rich working medium. This thesis takes the OCC concept to the next technical readiness level not just by identifying, optimizing and proposing a cycle design for a 115 MWel OCC. It also addresses the conceptual design of a gas turbine unit suitable for an OCC and a quite detailed conceptual aerodynamic design for the gas turbines unit’s turbomachineries, i.e. one compressor and two turbines. The work investigated the performance levels to be expected from both the entire OCC, the embedded gas turbine unit and its turbomachineries. The proposed gas turbine unit was a single-shaft gas generator with a free direct-driven power turbine. The conceptual turbomachinery design of the compressor, the compressor turbine and the power turbine covered the conceptual design loop of the 1D mid-span, the 2D through-flow, and the 3D steady-state calculations. The compressor design was a 16-stage design, with a mass flow of 220 kg/s and a pressure ratio of 31.0. The turbine design was a two-stage compressor turbine and a four-stage power turbine. The oxy-fuel combined cycle was calculated to have an overall net efficiency of 48.2%, which includes the energy cost for the CO2 compression to 140 bar and the external O2 production in an air separation unit (ASU). The world is today facing a serious problem with global warming, which is heading towards an appallingly high temperature level. The greater part of the overall climate science community agree that global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, which depends largely on emitted CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel. The agreement at the COP 21 climate meeting in Paris (December 2015) was that global warming must be limited to no more than + 2.0 C, with the aim of keeping it below + 1.5 C. Accomplishing this requires<br/>a concerted effort in several different areas, for example through increased energy efficiency, more renewable energy sources and the utilization of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology. The oxy-fuel combined cycle (OCC), which is the topic of this thesis, is a subcategory of oxy-fuel combustion which, in turn is one of the three main technologies for CCS today. The key idea with oxy-fuel combustion is to avoid mixing the CO2 formed in the combustion with<br/>the non-condensable nitrogen, as occurs at the combustion in a conventional combined cycle power plant (CCPP). This is achieved by combusting the gas fuel with pure oxygen (O2) and thereby forming a combustion product consisting of only steam (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 can then be separated downstream of the HRSG by condensing out the H2O and thereby leaving a pure stream of CO2 for sequestration. The OCC consists of a topping Brayton cycle and a bottoming Rankine cycle and has many similarities with a conventional CCPP. In the OCC, however, the flue gas leaving the HRSG is recirculated back to the gas turbine units compressor inlet, instead of being emitted to the atmosphere as in a CCPP. Thereby, the combustion products also act as the working medium in the topping (gas turbine) cycle. The working medium has a composition of about 85 wt.-% CO2, 10 wt.-% H2O and a few percentage points of enriched nitrogen and argon, which follows with the oxygen stream as impurities. The CO2-rich working medium has significantly different gas properties, compared to air and conventional flue gas. This affect the design of the topping cycle, the exhaust heat utilization in the HRSG, the design requirements for the gas turbine unit and the aerodynamic design of its compressor and turbines. One of the major effects on the design, is the requirement for a higher gas turbine pressure ratio than for a conventional CCPP, as a result of the lower isentropic exponent for the CO2-rich working medium. This thesis takes the OCC concept to the next technical readiness level not just by identifying, optimizing and proposing a cycle design for a 115 MWel OCC. It also addresses the conceptual design of a gas turbine unit suitable for an OCC and a quite detailed conceptual aerodynamic design for the gas turbines unit’s turbomachineries, i.e. one compressor and two turbines. The work investigated the performance levels to be expected from both the entire OCC, the embedded gas turbine unit and its turbomachineries. The proposed gas turbine unit was a single-shaft gas generator with a free direct-driven power turbine. The conceptual turbomachinery design of the compressor, the compressor turbine and the power turbine covered the conceptual design loop of the 1D mid-span, the 2D through-flow, and the 3D steady-state calculations. The compressor design was a 16-stage design, with a mass flow of 220 kg/s and a pressure ratio of 31.0. The turbine design was a two-stage compressor turbine and a four-stage power turbine. The oxy-fuel combined cycle was calculated to have an overall net efficiency of 48.2%, which includes the energy cost for the CO2 compression to 140 bar and the external O2 production in an air separation unit (ASU). https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/baee2c46-4095-4717-abb3-725425c47e32 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7249724/Conceptual_Thermodynamic_Cycle_and_Aerodynamic_Gas_Turbine_Design_on_an_Oxy_fuel_Combined_Cycle.pdf application/pdf 8374466 no 1 2016-04-14 eng Gas turbine combined cycle conceptual design aerodynamic mid-span design through-flow design oxy-fuel SCOC-CC OCC gas turbine Combined cycle conceptual design aerodynamic mid-span design Through-flow design Oxy-fuel SCOC-CC OCC Energy Engineering 978-91-7623-770-0 978-91-7623-771-7 82 2016-05-10 9:15:00 baee2c46-4095-4717-abb3-725425c47e32 2016-04-13T08:58:42+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-13T08:58:42+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:578ee923-fced-4b7d-9e73-872675926788 2025-11-28T02:07:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Jens Uhlig author f0d75ebb-748d-4230-b1ac-468eb753623b Villy Sundström supervisor 0eb7753e-1078-4253-a557-e64af206033a Chemical Physics v1000658 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department This thesis summarizes the experimental work in which an ultrafast<br/>X-ray laser plasma source was combined with various<br/>scalable direct detection schemes to test a novel approach for<br/>lab-based time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A laser<br/>plasma source based on a water jet target was built and commissioned.<br/>X-ray and electron emissions of this source were characterized<br/>with various direct detection schemes. The procedures<br/>for spectral retrieval with direct detection CCD’s were optimized<br/>with regard to the laser plasma source. The novel approach of using<br/>a single photon measuring cryogenic microcalorimeter array<br/>as a high-resolution (DE/E 2000 @ 6 keV) energy-dispersive<br/>detector was investigated. The potentially very high quantum<br/>efficiency, large detection angle and straightforward scalability<br/>make this device an interesting photon analyzer for low photon<br/>yield experiments. In this thesis a prototype version of this detector<br/>was built (in cooperation), implemented and commissioned<br/>into the laser plasma setup. With this combination of a lab-based<br/>broad-band source and the free standing microcalorimeter spectrometer<br/>high resolution X-ray absorption spectra in transmission<br/>mode were achieved. The thesis presents the first hard X-ray<br/>absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectrum taken with this novel<br/>approach and discusses further improvements and applications. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/578ee923-fced-4b7d-9e73-872675926788 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8131202/Thesis_Jens.pdf application/pdf 15485254 no MediaTryck Lund 2011 eng Other Chemistry Topics Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics http://www.jensuhlig.de/ThesisJens.pdf 978-91-7422-284-5 163 This is the slightly altered version. Paper Nr.5 in the submitted thesis was replaced with the final accepted version. 578ee923-fced-4b7d-9e73-872675926788 2016-04-14T06:10:57+02:00 2025-11-28T02:07:17Z 2016-04-14T06:10:57+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:67ea9ef3-7c30-457d-828a-5ed4fb332552 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M E, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Olof Stenius author 462de199-1914-4eb1-840a-9dfab6492a65 Johan Marklund supervisor e3dd599a-11ef-4819-85eb-b6c3d7f9119a Professor Geert-Jan van Houtum opponent Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Nederländerna Production Management v1000259 department Recent advances in information technologies and an increased environmental awareness have altered the prerequisites for successful logistics. For companies operating on a global market, inventory control of distribution systems is often an essential part of their logistics planning. In this context, the research objective of this thesis is: <br/><br/>To develop exact methods for stochastic inventory control of multi-echelon distribution systems incorporating shipment decisions and/or detailed demand information.<br/><br/>The thesis consists of five scientific papers (Paper I, II, III, IV and V) preceded by a summarizing introduction. All papers study systems with a central warehouse supplying a number of non-identical local warehouses (retailers) facing stochastic demand. For given replenishment policies, the papers provide exact expressions for evaluating the expected long-run system behavior (e.g., distributions of backorders, inventory levels, shipment sizes and expected costs) and present optimization procedures for the control variables.<br/> Paper I and II consider systems where shipments from the central warehouse are consolidated to groups of retailers and dispatched periodically. By doing so, economies of scale for the transports can be reached, reducing both transportation costs and emissions. Paper I assumes Poisson customer demand and considers volume-dependent transportation costs and emissions. The model involves the possibility to reserve intermodal (train) capacity in combination with truck transports available on demand. For this system, the expected inventory costs, the expected transportation costs and the expected transport emissions are determined. Joint optimization procedures for the shipment intervals, the capacity reservation quantities, the reorder points and order-up-to levels in the system are provided, with or without emission considerations. Paper II analyses the expected costs of the same system for compound Poisson demand (where customer demand sizes may vary), but with only one transportation mode and fixed transportation costs per shipment. It also shows how to handle fill rate constraints.<br/> Paper III studies a system where all stock points use installation stock (R,Q) ordering policies (batch ordering). This implies that situations can occur when only part of a requested retailer order is available at the central warehouse. In these situations, the models in existing literature predominantly assume that available units are shipped immediately (partial delivery). An alternative is to wait until the entire order is available before dispatching (complete delivery). The paper introduces a cost for splitting the order and evaluates a system where optimal choices between partial and complete deliveries are made for all orders. In a numerical study it is shown that significant savings can be made by using this policy compared to systems which exclusively use either partial or complete deliveries.<br/> Paper IV shows how companies can benefit from detailed information about their customer demand. In a continuous review base stock system, the customer demand is modeled with independent compound renewal processes at the retailers. This means that the customer inter-arrival times may follow any continuous distribution and the demand sizes may follow any discrete distribution. A numerical study shows that this model can achieve substantial savings compared to models using the common assumption of exponential customer inter-arrival times.<br/> Paper V is a short technical note that extends the scope of analysis for several existing stochastic multi-echelon inventory models. These models analyze the expected costs without first determining the inventory level distribution. By showing how these distributions can be obtained from the expected cost functions, this note facilitates the analysis of several service measures, including the ready rate and the fill rate.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/67ea9ef3-7c30-457d-828a-5ed4fb332552 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7261398/Mediatrycks_pdf_109357_S5_Olle_S.pdf application/pdf 3250145 no 2016 eng Inventory Multi-echelon Stochastic Shipment decisions Detailed demand information Transport Systems and Logistics 978-91-7623-794-6 978-91-7623-795-3 217 2016-05-13T10:15:00+02:00 67ea9ef3-7c30-457d-828a-5ed4fb332552 2016-04-14T10:59:38+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-14T10:59:38+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1b35dcda-b249-4c87-9b50-7bd271d4648f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Tobias Nielsen author be158b86-5f0c-47f5-af84-a811285cfb04 Johannes Stripple supervisor 0c613d6d-bbe9-48d6-a08a-c2a9378c3d91 Fariborz Zelli supervisor 72926c21-3caf-4f04-afe4-1481e691d427 Karin Bäckstrand supervisor Professor Peter Feindt opponent Wageningen University and Research Centre Department of Political Science v1000693 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Over the past decade, avoiding deforestation has become a central element of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The focal point of this has been the incentive-based mechanism of REDD+, which stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. A key notion in REDD+ is to establish incentives for developing countries to reduce their forest-related carbon emissions by creating and recognising a financial value for the carbon not emitted into the atmosphere. REDD+ has changed how tropical forests are managed, but has also been the source of much contestation. The effects of deforestation go beyond carbon emissions, leading some actors to argue that biodiversity or socioeconomic factors, and not carbon, should be the priority of managing deforestation. This thesis demonstrates that words, and the way we make sense of deforestation, matter. They matter because they prioritise certain underlying ideas, notions and understandings, while neglecting others. These, in turn, shape the way we approach deforestation. Using argumentative discourse analysis (Hajer 1995), I explore the role of deforestation in global climate politics along the following overarching research questions: 1) which are the dominant storylines and discourses on REDD+ and 2) how are storylines and discourses articulated and manifested in REDD+? My key conceptual and analytical tool in addressing these questions is discursive storylines. In short, these are condensed figures of speech through which actors make sense of complex issues without recourse to comprehensive and cumbersome explanations. They are organised around certain discourse(s) and manifested through certain practices. My empirical focus is on the UNFCCC negotiations on REDD+. The main sources of data were texts in the form of UNFCCC official documents, as well as a wealth of secondary material. In addition, I attended six UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COPs) and intercessional-meetings, and conducted 38 semi-structured interviews. The analysis has lead to four academic papers. Paper I maps the key storylines and discourses on REDD+; Paper II explores a ‘new’ emerging discourse which is entering the REDD+ debates; Paper III analyses the technical debates on monitoring forest carbon flows in REDD+ and connects them to key storylines; and Paper IV analyses the operationalisation of social safeguards in REDD+ and how REDD+ is legitimised. A key result identifies REDD+ as dominated by an ecological modernisation discourse and a more marginalised civic environmental discourse. As a consequence of this dominance, the role of deforestation in global climate politics is characterised by the following aspects: favouring of commodification of forest carbon over ecological and social aspects; a global rather than a local focus; an emphasis on market instruments at the expense of alternative options; a reliance on experts and technology rather than local based knowledge. My results further illustrate how the two dominant discourses permeate into different practices in REDD+, e.g. how forest carbon monitoring practices operationalisation of social safeguards both contribute to and are embedded in the overarching discursive debates on REDD+. Moreover, analysing the emergence of a third discourse, the integrated landscape approach discourse, this thesis argues that while the new discourse may have gained credibility and legitimacy, it has yet to impose its logics and rationales on REDD+ in a profound way. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1b35dcda-b249-4c87-9b50-7bd271d4648f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7269840/Nielsen_Kappa_Final_1.pdf application/pdf 1323501 no Lund University 2016 eng Global climate politics deforestation REDD+ UNFCCC argumentative discourse analysis Political Science 0460-0037 978-91-7623-780-9 978-91-7623-781-6 178 84 2016-05-04T10:15:00+02:00 Fel issn tryckt i avhandlingen, rätt issn till serien är 0460-0037. 1b35dcda-b249-4c87-9b50-7bd271d4648f 2016-04-14T13:44:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-14T13:44:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fa459129-7366-48d6-b251-1a4273801d6e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Aleksandra Turkiewicz author c05cab00-7f53-4641-8b32-ac2dd53fb258 Martin Englund supervisor 2c658f78-242d-4d93-a44e-4e23d5928ec4 Jonas Björk supervisor 566521da-24b2-41e5-b500-037a7ebd9117 professor Daniel Prieto-Alhambra opponent University of Oxford Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and often causes pain and functional impairment. Despite its high burden on society, knowledge about the occurrence of OA and its associated mortality is sparse. The epidemiology of OA is difficult to determine due to the patients’ fluctuating symptoms and challenges in detecting and defining the radiographic disease. The specific aims of this thesis were to estimate the current and future prevalence of OA in peripheral joints in Sweden and the mortality associated with OA using the population-based register data and data from clinical examinations.<br/><br/>Among the residents of the Skåne region aged ≥45 years in the year 2012, persons who have consulted a physician for OA at least once were identified using the Skåne Healthcare Register (SHR) – a mandatory register containing information on all healthcare visits made in the region. Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed OA (current and expected in the next 20 years) and all-cause mortality in persons with knee or hip OA were estimated. A subset of Skåne residents aged 56 to 84 years who participated in the Malmö Osteoarthritis study (MOA) (n=1527) underwent clinical examination including knee x-ray and knee pain questionnaire in order to assess the presence of knee OA.<br/><br/>Of adults aged 45 years or older and living in Skåne (n=531 254), 27% consulted a physician for OA in a peripheral joint at least once between 1999 and 2012 and this proportion is expected to increase to 30% by the year 2032. The 2012 prevalence of the doctor-diagnosed knee OA was 13.8%, of the hip OA – 5.8%, of the hand OA – 3.1% and of the OA in other joints – 12.4%. One in four of persons with the doctor-diagnosed OA consulted for the disease in more than one joint site. In Skåne, the hazard ratios of death in persons with doctor-diagnosed knee or hip OA compared to the general population were 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.85, 0.89) and 0.90 (0.87, 0.92), respectively. In the MOA study, the prevalence of knee OA giving symptoms (with or without radiographic manifestations) was 15.4%. Of these, 53% consulted healthcare and received a knee OA diagnosis during an 8 year period. A number of sensitivity analyses, including the validation of knee OA diagnoses registered in SHR, quantification of bias and a simulation study assessing the impact of missing diagnostic codes on the derived prevalence estimates, confirmed robustness of the results.<br/><br/>This thesis provides a comprehensive view of clinically relevant OA as well as radiographic findings (knee) with or without symptoms in Sweden. Results will aid the healthcare planning and evaluations of the disease burden. The findings also indicate that knee or hip OA are not associated with excess mortality on the population level; possible mechanisms include relatively easy access to care and treatments or maintaining physical activity.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fa459129-7366-48d6-b251-1a4273801d6e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7263345/Aleksandra_Turkiewicz_Webb_kappa_final.pdf application/pdf 3129505 no Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten 2016 eng Epidemiology Osteoarthritis Knee Hip Radiography Mortality Registers Missing data Medical and Health Sciences Health Sciences Orthopaedics 978-91-7619-273-3 70 2016-05-12T09:00:00+02:00 fa459129-7366-48d6-b251-1a4273801d6e 2016-04-14T14:26:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-14T14:26:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f2bc20db-38ee-469d-bf67-35def45584f5 2025-10-21T11:04:08Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 JOHAN BRÄNDSTEDT author a1103d79-05b0-46f4-a4cd-e037638ac8e8 Johan Malm supervisor 8973065f-58a1-471a-bb5a-7b499d6af252 Jonas Manjer supervisor 43ad32b3-db4d-40be-8bf7-fcdaebf1e011 Martin Almquist supervisor c096640e-087c-417f-a71c-9d6e2b8a1fe0 professor Jan-Erik Damber opponent The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Clinical Chemistry, Malmö v1000574 department EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health v1001239 department Clinical Chemistry, Malmö research group Vitamin D, PTH och kalcium i relation till Prostata Cancer https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f2bc20db-38ee-469d-bf67-35def45584f5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7270556/Boken_Final_0404.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 3398766 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Vitamin D, PTH, Calcium, Prostate cancer Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-275-7 64 2016-05-06T09:00:00+02:00 f2bc20db-38ee-469d-bf67-35def45584f5 2016-04-14T20:02:53+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:08Z 2016-04-14T20:02:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b8f3f911-7f63-4455-bd7a-e91937440711 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published EC2:101, Holger Crafoord Centre, Tycho Brahes väg 1, Lund 1 PETER BEDNAR author 30acdb45-2f2f-4555-9086-c74af87351b7 Agneta Olerup supervisor e467a52c-2b7c-4701-9f75-35e588c9c3fa Professor emeritus Per Flensburg opponent University West, Trollhättan, Sweden Department of Informatics v1000028 department Organizational problem spaces can be viewed as complex, uncertain and ambiguous. They can also be understood as open problem spaces. As such, any engagement with them, and any effort to intervene in order to pursue desirable change, cannot be assumed to be just a matter of ‘complicatedness’. The issue is not just a need to cope with dynamics of system. It is also the perceptual ‘boundedness’ of multitudes of assumptions about scope of whole and limitations of organization as system. Furthermore, explicit attention to complexities of feedback loops is an extremely important aspect of any systemic discussion. How can we help teams of competent professionals to engage purposefully with such uncertain and ambiguous problem domains? The author suggests that we can only address this effectively through pragmatic efforts to incorporate a multitude of boundary-setting assumptions, explored as part of active (self-) reflection and practical engagement. This must be undertaken without resorting to an overly simplistic application of convergent thinking in our efforts to support problem solving. Instead, we need to pursue divergent thinking and ‘complexification’ in our effort to support problem resolving. The main contribution of this thesis is to present a collection of principles that taken together, provide support for this engagement ntervention. A core feature of this result is the framework for Strategic Systemic Thinking, which includes examples of pragmatically useful methods and tools. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b8f3f911-7f63-4455-bd7a-e91937440711 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7279370/E_spik_Bednar.pdf application/pdf 3688689 no Lund University Press 2016 eng information system Contextual Analysis Contextual Dependencies Systems Approaches Systems Thinking Organizational change Complex adaptive systems Uncertainty management Organizational Emergence Change Management Organizational Learning Human Activity Systems Information Systems, Social aspects (including Human Aspects of ICT) 978-91-977186-8-4 978-91-977186-9-1 240 2016-05-13T10:00:00+02:00 b8f3f911-7f63-4455-bd7a-e91937440711 2016-04-15T11:48:10+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-15T11:48:10+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a6fa4082-239c-4cc5-8226-e8a3a416a722 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre II, lecture hall “Pangea”, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Guillaume Fontorbe author bfb52832-0ffe-46d8-893d-0cb7fd3da2cd Daniel Conley supervisor fbee360c-8213-4339-816b-2ef18a05fe2a Svante Björck supervisor a4de58b7-57d9-437b-b244-4f9df387c13b Helena Filipsson supervisor d326ca1f-7eef-4595-bb80-6b3dc0d77319 Christina De La Rocha supervisor Katharine Hendry supervisor Professor Martin Frank opponent GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany Quaternary Sciences v1000638 department Silicon (Si) cycle is one of Earth's major biogeochemical cycles. Furthermore, the dissolved form of Si (DSi) is an essential nutrient for both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. DSi ultimately derives from the slow process of chemical weathering of silicate minerals, a mechanism that consumes carbon dioxide, and therefore participates in regulating Earth's climate over geologic timescales. Si is delivered to the ocean mostly by rivers and will be used by a variety of organisms (e.g. diatoms, siliceous sponges, radiolarians, and silicoflagellates) that precipitate DSi into an amorphous form (biogenic silica, BSi) and control the export of Si out of seawaters. While the modern Si cycle and the processes controlling it are becoming better and better understood, its evolution through Earth's history are still poorly constrained.<br/><br/>Hence, this thesis aims at shedding more light on the evolution of the marine Si cycle on millennial to million-years timescales. To do so, we investigated the Si isotopic composition (expressed as δ30Si) of siliceous microfossils recovered from marine sediments. The analysis of δ30Si from the remains of marine diatoms, radiolarians, and siliceous sponges is a powerful tool to reconstruct several facets of the oceanic Si cycle in the past.<br/><br/>On millennial timescales, the marine Si cycle is mostly dominated by variations in biologic productivity in the surface ocean and riverine inputs of DSi. On the other hand, on million-years time scales, the marine Si cycle appears to be mostly controlled by oceanic circulation. Further, the analysis of sponge δ30Si, performed during this thesis, allowed us to reconstruct the concentrations of DSi in the bottom waters in the North Atlantic and Equatorial Pacific. Our results indicate that contrary to previous hypotheses, the ocean did not experience a rapid decline in oceanic DSi content during the Paleogene (65.5 to 23.03 Ma). Conversely, we show that the North Atlantic already had low DSi concentrations, similar to today, during the early Cenozoic, whereas the Equatorial Pacific has become progressively enriched in DSi since at least 35 Ma.<br/><br/>Overall, although research into the evolution of the ocean Si cycle is still at an early stage, the work carried out in this thesis fills some of the existing knowledge gaps regarding the development of the marine Si cycle through geologic times. Omsättningen av kisel (Si) är en av de viktiga biogeokemiska processerna på jorden. Den lösta formen av Si (DSi) är ett nödvändigt näringsämne för såväl markens som havens ekosystem. Löst kisel kommer från den långsamma kemiska vittringen av kiselmineral. Denna process förbrukar koldioxid och bidrar därför till att reglera jordens klimat genom årmiljonerna. Kisel transporteras huvudsakligen via oder till havet och används där av en mängd olika organismer (t.ex. kiselalger, kiselhaltiga svampdjur, radiolarier (amöbiska encelliga organismer) och kisel agellater) som fäller ut den lösta kiseln till amorft, biologiskt producerat, kisel (BSi). På så sätt kan biologiska processer påverka exporten av kisel från havsvatten till bottensediment. Medan kunskapen kring den nutida kiselomsättningen och de processer som styr denna har förbättrats i takt med att de oceanogra ska mätmetoderna har för nats så är variationerna i havens kiselkoncentrationer längre tillbaka i jordens historia fortfarande ofullständigt kartlagda.<br/>Denna avhandling syftar till att öka kunskapen om hur den marina kiselomsättningen har förändrats på tidsskalor som sträcker sig från tusentals till miljontals år. För att åstadkomma detta har vi undersökt den isotopiska sammansättning av kisel (uttryckt som δ30Si) i marina kiselhaltiga mikrofossil som tagits fram ur havssediment. Analys av δ30Si från marina kiselalger, radiolarier och fragment av kiselhaltiga svampdjur är ett kraftfullt verktyg för att kunna klargöra era olika aspekter i havets kiselomsättning även långt tillbaka i tiden.<br/>På tidsskalor av tusentals år domineras den marina kiselomsättningen främst av variationer i biologisk produktivitet i havens ytvatten och av tillförsel av löst kisel från oder. På tidsskalor av miljontals år så verkar kiselomsättningen framför allt styras av den storskaliga cirkulationen av havsvattnet. Analysen av svampdjurs δ30Si i den här avhandlingen möjliggjorde en rekonstruktion av koncentrationen löst kisel i bottenvattnet i Nordatlanten och de ekvatoriala delarna av Stilla havet. I motsats till vad som tidigare antagits så tyder våra resultat på att havet inte genomgick en fas av snabbt sjunkande koncentration av löst kisel under Paleogen (perioden för ca 65 till 23 miljoner år sedan). Vi visar att Nordatlanten under Paleogen hade en låg koncentration av löst kisel, ungefär i nivå med dagens koncentration. Koncentrationen av löst kisel i den ekvatoriella delen av Stilla havet är idag högre än i Nordatlanten och har ökat under åtminstone de senaste 35 miljoner åren.<br/>Allt sammantaget så bidrar denna avhandling till att utöka den be ntliga kunskapen genom att fylla tidigare luckor i förståelsen kring hur kiselomsättningen i havet har förändrats genom årmiljonerna. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a6fa4082-239c-4cc5-8226-e8a3a416a722 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7441845/Thesis_Guillaume_Fontorbe_final.pdf application/pdf 8523925 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences 2016 eng Si isotopes Paleogene PETM glacial-interglacial ocean circulation Natural Sciences Geochemistry Multidisciplinary Geosciences 978-91-87847-18-9 978-91-87847-19-6 107 2016-05-13T13:15:00+02:00 a6fa4082-239c-4cc5-8226-e8a3a416a722 2016-04-18T14:48:28+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-18T14:48:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0763cba3-7972-4d5c-a089-73cf65229c09 2026-03-22T16:05:57Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Physicum, Rydberg Lecture Hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Martin Franckie author b8a5ca6c-dadd-47ea-b5ff-f358a086387a Andreas Wacker supervisor a7694a6a-5d2f-48f5-a12a-1b280de52d24 Professor Gerhard Klimeck opponent Purdue University, USA Mathematical Physics v1000630 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Modeling Quantum Cascade Lasers: the Challenge of Infra-Red Devices project We live in a time of rapid scientific and technological advancement. People liv- ing 100 years ago could never dream of inventions like those having completely changed our way of life, and our perception of the world; computers, mobile phones, the Internet, space travel, unraveling the mysteries of the early universe and distant galaxies, and our insight into the microscopic world of quantum phe- nomena. Today we are at the dawn of an era of nanotechnology, with computers components being only tens of nanometers in size, and nano-devices making their entrance into wide industrial use.<br/>One such nanoscopic device is the Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). Like all as lasers, it emits electro-magnetic waves, which essentially is light. In fact, our eyes can only detect a very narrow range of wavelengths in the electro-magnetic spectrum, which stretches from very long radio waves, followed by microwaves, terahertz and infrared waves, through the wavelengths of visible light, up to ultra-violet UV-A and UV-B radiation (giving us a good tan), and finally X- rays and gamma-rays from radio-active decay and cosmic radiation. In the case of, e. g. conventional laser pointers, the light wave has wavelengths of 500 (blue light) up to 700 (red light) nanometers and is visible to our eyes.<br/>What is special about the QCL is that it does not emit visible light, but light in the terahertz and infrared (IR) regions, and it does so using the same technology as normal light emitting diode (LED) lights. These regions are both interesting for applications in spectroscopy, i. e. the detection of chemical substances by looking at light going through them. For example, QCLs can be used to detect very small quantities of explosive materials, diagnose exhaled air in patients, monitor green house gases and pollution in the atmosphere, and examining the contents of far away stars. But, like IR cameras, they can also be used to make images of that which our eyes cannot see; with terahertz light we can see through clothes and thin materials, which could be used to screen patients in the emergency room without having to remove their clothes, or at the airport to see if they are carrying a weapon.<br/>In this work, I have simulated QCLs using a complicated theoretical model, which in detail accounts for the motion of the electrons inside the device, and their interaction with their surroundings. By improving this model, we are actually able to reproduce real QCL behavior remarkably well. This can help to improve future QCLs, and to understand the basic physical mechanisms underlying their operation. This to me is what physics is all about: To seek to understand nature and make use of this knowledge to help making life better. Vi lever i en tid av snabb vetenskaplig och teknologisk utveckling. För 100 år sedan hade ingen kunnat drömma om de saker som helt har förändrat vår var- dag och hur vi uppfattar omvärlden; datorer, mobiltelefoner, Internet, rymdfart, våra upptäckter om universums barndom och avlägsna galaxer samt vår insyn i kvantfenomenens mikroskopiska värld. Idag står vi på tröskeln till en era formad av nanoteknologi, med datorkomponenter bara tiotals nanometer stora (en tiotu- sendedel av ett hårstrås tjocklek), och då nya innovationer på nanomenterskalan gör sina intåg i industriellt bruk.<br/><br/>En sådan nanoskopisk apparat är kvantkaskadlasern (eng. Quantum Cascade Laser). Som alla lasrar skickar den ut elektromagnetisk strålning, vilket väsentligen är ljusvågor. Våra ögon kan faktiskt endast uppfatta en liten del av det elektro- magnetiska spektrat, vilket sträcker sig från de mycket långa radiovågorna, via mikrovågor, terahertz och infrarött, genom synligt ljus, och vidare till ultraviolett UV-A och UV-B strålning (den som ger en så härlig bränna på sommaren), och slutligen till Röntgen- och gammastrålar från radioaktivt sönderfall och kosmisk strålning. Vanliga laserpekare skickar till exempel ut ljusvågor med våglängder mellan 500 nanometer (blått ljus) och 700 nanometer (rött ljus), vilket är synligt för våra ögon.<br/>Det speciella med kvantkaskadlasern är att den inte skickar ut synligt ljus, utan ljus med terahertz- och infraröda våglängder. Den gör dessutom detta med hjälp av samma teknologi som används för att göra vanliga LED (light emitting diode) lampor som numera finns i vartenda hem. Terahertz och infrarött ljus är intres- sant att använda inom spektroskopi - alltså detektion av kemiska ämnen genom att titta på det ljus som träffat dem. Till exempel kan kvantkaskadlasrar använ- das för att upptäcka mycket små mängder sprängämnen, diagnostisera patienter genom utandningsluften, följa koncentrationen av växthusgaser och förorening- ar i atmosfären och undersöka innehållet i avlägsna stjärnor. Men det är även intressant att, som med infraröda kameror, avbilda saker i terahertz som våra ögon normalt inte kan se. Terahertzvågor går nämligen igenom textilier och kan användas på flygplatser för att upptäcka om någon döljer ett vapen under sina kläder. Eller också skulle de kunna användas för att inspektera en patient som kommer in på akutavdelningen, utan att behöva klippa upp dennes kläder.<br/><br/>I den här avhandlingen har jag gjort datorsimuleringar av kvantkaskadlasrar ge- nom att använda en komplicerad datormodell som i detalj tar med elektronernas resa genom lasern i beräkningarna, och hur de växelverkar med sin omgivning. Genom att förbättra denna modell, har jag kunnat återskapa hur verkliga kvantkaskadlasrar fungerar med anmärkningsvärd precision. Detta kommer att under- lätta utvecklingen av, och förbättra framtida, kvantkaskadlasrar samt hjälpa oss förstå de underliggande fysikaliska processerna - hur elektronerna beter sig på sin kvantmekaniska färd genom lasern. Det är just det jag tycker är så fantas- tiskt med fysik: att försöka förstå naturen och använda denna kunskap för att förbättra människors liv. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0763cba3-7972-4d5c-a089-73cf65229c09 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7609376/Thesis_Franckie_FINAL.pdf application/pdf 9502554 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics 2016 eng Quantum Cascade Lasers Non-equilibrium Green's functions Modeling semiconductor heterostructures Quantum Cascade Lasers Non-equilibrium Green's functions THz radiation infrared radiation semiconductor heterostructures Modeling & Simulation Technology Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Franckié Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7623-778-6 978-91-7623-779-3 85007420533 184 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85007420533 2016-05-13T13:00:00+02:00 0763cba3-7972-4d5c-a089-73cf65229c09 2016-04-18T21:53:20+02:00 2026-03-22T16:05:57Z 2016-04-18T21:53:20+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:885e0d27-054e-410e-82fc-2f64654df394 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published MA5, Matteannexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Juan Negreira author 59c8e000-7bfd-43f5-8337-634d5360e3e8 Delphine Bard supervisor 4023c0b2-3dae-42ae-a267-4017c8f9cb0a Dr. Tomi Toratti opponent Federation of Finnish Woodworking Industries, Helsinki, Finland Engineering Acoustics v1000233 department When the Swedish building regulations in 1994 allowed wooden multi-storey buildings to be built, this type of lightweight construction became popular due to its low cost and ease of construction, as well as wood being a plentiful resource in Sweden. However, complaints amid inhabitants are often reported due to nuisances caused by disturbing vibrations and noise propagating in the building. Still in 2016, no vibration limits are given in any international standard due the complexity involved. Certain guidelines and guide values have simply been suggested instead. The vibrational response of wooden buildings has therefore become an issue to be tackled during their design phase. Accordingly, the aims of the research presented in this thesis can be divided into two basic categories: (i) development of prediction tools for the verification of vibratory and acoustic performance before a building is constructed and (ii) the development of indicators of human exposure to floor vibrations. <br/><br/>As of today, there still exist no accurate and reliable methods for predicting the vibroacoustic performance of wooden buildings. Product development is carried out on an empirical basis, involving both observations and the experience of engineers. Time and costs could be reduced by addressing issues of vibration during the design phase, for instance by using numerical methods (e.g. finite element simulations) as prediction tools; since experiments on prototypes and existing buildings are both time consuming and expensive. Development of such accurate finite element prediction tools is the major objective of the research dealt with in this work. In line with this, finite element models of a prefabricated timber volume element based building were created in the investigations presented, and specifically the flanking transmission occurring was analysed. On the basis of the conclusions drawn in that study, other investigations aiming at improving the accuracy of numerical prediction tools were performed. Thus, the question of whether or not air and insulation in cavities of multi-storey wooden buildings affect the transmission of structural vibrations was investigated. The conclusions showed that acoustic media must be considered when predicting low frequency vibroacoustic behaviour of such buildings by use of numerical models. Likewise, a method for extracting the properties of elastomers, frequently used in timber buildings at the junctions as a vibration-reduction measure, was also developed in order to have reliable assessments of the material properties involved as input for the finite element models employed. This was done through performing analytical calculations, and carrying out finite element simulations and mechanical testing in a uni-axial testing machine. Moreover, modelling guidelines on how to model different types of beam-plate connections (both glued and unglued together with screws) when creating predictive models, are presented. The guidelines were drawn by comparing measurements to their calibrated numerical models. In addition, a time-efficient frequency domain method to implement the tapping machine into predictive models of impact sound insulation, is presented. <br/><br/>Regarding the perception part of the thesis, the investigations performed aimed at supplementing the lack of existing studies addressing human response to floor vibrations. In order to obtain a better estimate of an acceptable level of vibrations in dwellings, measurements on real floors while people walked on the them, as well as when they sat down while another person was walking, were performed. The accelerations, velocities and deflections they were exposed to during the test were measured. Indicators of human response to vibrations were extracted by determining relationships between people's answers to questionnaires about their perception and experience of the vibrations, and different parameters as determined by measurements. Several indicators were found to describe people's answers to questions both regarding vibration annoyance and vibration acceptability. <br/><br/>The measurements performed in the thesis were carried out using transducers developed and calibrated in-house within the frame of the project; all the construction processes, calibrations, accuracy and justification of their use to the applications dealt with here, are also thoroughly described in the thesis.<br/><br/>In summary, adequate knowledge of the vibrational performance of wooden buildings such as that obtained here by use of measurements and of finite element simulations is seen as paving the way for further development in this area. The conclusions drawn in the thesis will ultimately entail time and cost savings for the industry as well as help dwellers to feel more comfortable in their homes. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/885e0d27-054e-410e-82fc-2f64654df394 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7523564/JNegreira_PhD_thesis.pdf application/pdf 67240745 no 1st Engineering Acoustics, LTH, Lund University 2016-04-27 eng Prediction tools Low frequency vibrations Vibroacoustics Wooden buildings Impact sound insulation Finite element method Vibration measurements Flanking transmission Elastomers Design indicators Vibration acceptability Vibration annoyance MEMS accelerometers Fluid Mechanics 978-91-7623-642-0 978-91-7623-643-7 305 2016-05-27T09:00:00+02:00 885e0d27-054e-410e-82fc-2f64654df394 2016-04-27T09:55:16+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-27T09:55:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:94f98d2f-a908-4045-8d92-7d22b2174dd6 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal F3, Centralblocket, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Mark Thier author 4828ae02-eddf-431c-8137-63800ae7533f Anders Bergenfelz supervisor 6281bd1c-f680-47de-a7b2-335e0270f459 Martin Almquist supervisor c096640e-087c-417f-a71c-9d6e2b8a1fe0 Erik Nordenström supervisor 8ccdfe7b-987c-4c6a-9085-138e324757ae docent Inga-Lena Nilsson opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Surgery (Lund) v1000466 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/94f98d2f-a908-4045-8d92-7d22b2174dd6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7520010/Thier_e_spik_kappa.pdf application/pdf 2856874 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng primär hyperparatyroidism multiglandulär sjukdom Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-281-8 2016-05-14T09:15:00+02:00 94f98d2f-a908-4045-8d92-7d22b2174dd6 2016-04-27T16:05:32+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z 2016-04-27T16:05:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1639a702-86db-489c-8dd6-7171d3cc23fa 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Jubileumsaulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Nina Geidenstam author 6a550261-c1cb-4eea-8565-acd75c5bf0ea Martin Ridderstråle supervisor bd716ac4-c300-4ce3-92c9-816b1564d95f Peter Spégel supervisor 3db95299-c040-4154-a322-53220afb116f professor Henrik Antti opponent Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden Diabetes - Clinical Obesity v1000496 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Diabetes - Clinical Obesity research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1639a702-86db-489c-8dd6-7171d3cc23fa https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7521875/Kappan_Nina_Geidenstam.pdf application/pdf 1502534 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Metabolomics Obesity Weight Loss Weight Maintenance OGTT Metabolites Insulin Resistance Amino Acids Endocrinology and Diabetes 978-91-7619-277-1 64 2016-05-04T09:00:00+02:00 1639a702-86db-489c-8dd6-7171d3cc23fa 2016-04-27T16:44:03+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z 2016-04-27T16:44:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4f360ca5-19df-40a3-8eb8-70f1507849e6 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Helsingborgs Rådhus, Helsingborg. 1 HANS LINDGREN author ed0148ca-009c-4436-800c-5a215b214a91 Anders Gottsäter supervisor 64828776-8899-439e-97d9-b08de0640184 Stefan Bergman supervisor 63246f7d-40ec-4ff6-b623-14284d972d69 Peter Qvarfordt supervisor e93b36c9-141c-41ef-a1d2-392d9ccc42bb professor Lars Lönn opponent Köpenhamns Universitet Vascular Diseases - Clinical Research v1000518 department Vascular Diseases - Clinical Research research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4f360ca5-19df-40a3-8eb8-70f1507849e6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7524485/Hans_L_kappa_till_e_spik.pdf application/pdf 6849218 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-259-7 102 2016-04-22T13:00:00+02:00 4f360ca5-19df-40a3-8eb8-70f1507849e6 2016-04-27T22:05:58+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z 2016-04-27T22:05:58+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:074151b7-cb29-428f-9352-820e82127d0a 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Tibor V Varga author 241c379e-a514-47ea-844a-9ecf1b958e62 Paul Franks supervisor 93569a3a-f48b-4e5b-8cc6-86303df3eb2c Anders Rosengren supervisor a8a8a889-2527-4c85-aa92-7d75f8358437 Frida Renström supervisor ec4ba19a-97e6-4f73-8c04-e6904e41f3b7 professor Fredrik Karpe opponent University of Oxford, UK Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology v1000492 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology research group Dyslipidemia is a chronic deviation from normal blood lipid levels that can lead to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases; dyslipidemia and its sequelae are caused by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Although circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have a strong genetic underpinning, not much is known about the genetic factors that affect long-term deteriorations in lipid concentrations. Through the work described in this thesis I sought to identify novel genetic loci associated with long-term lipid level changes and identify gene × environment interactions influencing blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.<br/><br/>In Papers I and II, large European prospective cohort studies with long-term follow-up were analyzed. The Gene–Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk (GLACIER) Study (N=3,495) was analyzed in the discovery phase of these studies. The MDC, PIVUS, ULSAM and MRC Ely studies (Nmax=8,263) were utilized as replication cohorts. In Paper III, Scandinavian adults from the GLACIER, MDC, Inter99 and Health 2006 Studies were meta-analyzed (Nmax=18,190). In Paper IV, analyses were conducted in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (N=2,993) multi-ethnic randomized clinical trial. Participants from the GLACIER Study and DPP, the two discovery studies intensively used in this thesis, were genotyped with the Illumina CardioMetaboChip array.<br/><br/>In Paper I, TC- and TG-specific genetic risk scores (GRSs) were robustly associated with TC- and TG level changes, respectively. Three genomic loci, APOE, TRIB1 and APOA1 were associated with either TC- or TG changes and were replicated in subsequent analyses. In Paper II, in addition to the findings of Paper I, seven further loci were associated with TC- or TG changes. Of these, variants at CAPN3, HPR and SIX5 showed suggestive evidence for association with coronary artery disease. In Paper III, a robust sex-heterogeneous interaction between the TG-related GRS and body mass index was observed for circulating blood TG levels. In Paper IV, an interaction between the large HDL particle-associated GRS and the lifestyle intervention for large HDL particle concentrations was observed.<br/><br/>In conclusion, this thesis work shows genetic associations for long-term lipid changes and demonstrates examples of gene × environment interactions that influence blood lipid concentrations. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/074151b7-cb29-428f-9352-820e82127d0a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7529877/e_spik_Tibor_1_96.pdf application/pdf 3605832 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Genetic epidemiology Genetic polymorphism dyslipidaemia Cholesterol Triglyceride Genetic risk genetic risk score Single nucleotide polymorphism Prediction Gene-environment interactions Randomized controlled trial prospective cohort studies Observational study GLACIER Study Diabetes Prevention Program Medical Genetics and Genomics (including Gene Therapy) 978-91-7619-258-0 96 2016-04-22T09:00:00+02:00 074151b7-cb29-428f-9352-820e82127d0a 2016-04-28T11:38:20+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z 2016-04-28T11:38:20+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:12a5d61e-65f6-4abe-8fab-4bdfedb6dc6d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lund Observatory, Lundmark Lecture hall, Sölvegatan 27, Lund 1 Karl Fogelmark author 590e5ee5-5108-4a0e-844d-1c7c58da3555 Carl Troein supervisor 8189bbae-c13a-432d-a7b2-b08a40b5a22d Carsten Peterson supervisor d10ea70e-895e-4daf-a370-adc183fbba52 Dr. Ala Trusina opponent Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Computational Biology and Biological Physics v1000644 department Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics v1000642 department Living organisms can be viewed as complex biological machines. In order to function, they must regulate their internal mechanism to do the right thing, at the right time, and in the right amount. Part of this regulation is encoded in gene regulatory networks. These are built up of genes which produce special proteins (transcription factors, tf) that regulate other tf-producing genes. Thus a network is formed with genes (nodes) linked together by their mutual regulation (edges).<br/><br/>By constructing simplified models, we investigate such gene networks. The models allow us to probe general principles behind what shapes these networks (paper II), as well as specific networks such as that which endows the plant Arabidopsis thaliana with the ability to predict dawn and dusk (paper III). We also present a model for dynamically generating transcriptional networks which encode function from a single variable-length binary representation of dna (string of ones and zeroes). This gives a natural way for the network to evolve by mutations. However, performing a meaningful and efficient crossover operation on two dna strings of different length becomes a challenge. We address this by introducing a heuristic algorithm, which we compare against existing methods (paper IV).<br/><br/>Additionally, we present a correct error estimation for the popular least squares method that is valid also for nonlinear functions applied to highly correlated data (paper I). For model fitting to correlated data, one has previously been constrained to use either a maximum likelihood approach, which leads to strong bias in the estimated parameters, or a least squares approach, which gives an incorrect error estimate. We also derive the first order contribution of the bias for both the maximum likelihood and the least squares method, and introduce a minimum variance function fitting method suited for Brownian motion. Världen är föränderlig. För att kunna överleva måste allt liv kunna anpassa sig till rådande förhållanden. För cellen, livets minsta enhet, sker detta bland annat genom reglering av produktionstakten av proteiner, vilka är de molekyler som utför de flesta grundläggande funktioner. <br/><br/>En speciell klass av proteiner utgörs av så kallade transkriptionsfaktorer. Dessa slår av eller på en gens produktion av proteiner, genom att binda till gens position på dna-molekylen. Eftersom dessa transkriptionsfaktorer också själva är proteiner, som produceras av gener som regleras av andra transkriptionsfaktorer, bildas komplexa nätverk där gener som producerar denna proteinklass kan sägas interagera med varandra. Dessa transkriptionsnätverk av genreglering ligger till grund för hur, till exempel, en växt kan stänga av klorofyllproduktion i avsaknad av ljus. <br/><br/>I praktiken har genregleringsnätverken gått än längre och kan — givet dagsljusets periodicitet — förutsäga solens upp- och nedgång. I två artiklar undersöker vi dessa gennätverk med hjälp av matematiska modeller. I artikel III undersöker vi ett nätverk, specifikt för växten backtrav, som fungerar som en klocka, med vilken gryning och skymning kan förutsägas genom oscillationer i specifika proteinkoncentrationer. I artikel II undersöks mer generella nätverk utan direkt anknytning till någon specifik organism. I dessa nätverk lagras den genetiska informationen i en sträng av ettor och nollor, vilken representerar dna-kedjan. Denna binära sträng tillåts i artikel IV att vara av variabel längd, vilket försvårar den matchning som är av biologisk relevans vid reproduktion. Vi undersöker därför olika metoder för att effektivt jämföra två olika långa binära strängar. <br/><br/>Orelaterat till genreglering ovan, presenteras i artikel I en korrigerad feluppskattningsformel för parameteranpassning till korrelerad data. När datapunkter sägs vara korrelerade avses att dessa inte är oberoende av varandra. Det vill säga, att addera fler punkter, t.ex. genom att göra fler mätningar, innebär inte nödvändigtvis att vi får mer information om systemet. Den vanligaste metoden för att anpassa en funktion till data, minsta kvadratmetoden, kommer däremot att ge sken av att så är fallet, och således ge en allt för optimistisk uppskattning av felet. Detta avhjälper vi genom att introducera en korrigerad feluppskattningsformel för minsta kvadratmetoden, vars giltighet vi demonstrerar på tre system där data är benägen att vara korrelerad.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/12a5d61e-65f6-4abe-8fab-4bdfedb6dc6d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7546375/kappa.pdf application/pdf 792408 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7534634/thesis.pdf application/pdf 3346217 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics 2016 eng Circadian rhythms, gene regulation, transcription networks, correlated data Circadian rhythms gene regulation transcription networks correlated data Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Fogelmark 978-91-7623-699-4 978-91-7623-700-7 238 2016-05-19T10:15:00+02:00 12a5d61e-65f6-4abe-8fab-4bdfedb6dc6d 2016-04-28T17:32:07+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-28T17:32:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:86772821-6406-419e-9288-7ad4799f9fe9 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningsalen, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen i Lund. 1 Eliane Cortez author 92202695-53a2-4d50-8731-63c3c2a7cfa8 Kristian Pietras supervisor 71bf6926-2f34-46e3-ae7d-755281ed570e Ulf Eriksson supervisor 0d718e30-51db-47bd-9bb1-0c61ba4cd1c6 professor Gerhard Christofori opponent Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland Division of Translational Cancer Research v1000559 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Tumors are complex entities, composed of different functional populations of malignant and stromal cells. There is an emerging importance to understand previously unmapped communication routes between different cell and non-cell compartments of the tumor microenvironment. Targeted drugs have been used for years in an attempt to block essential pathways for tumor growth. Specifically, drugs targeting tumor angiogenesis have shown significant success in different types of tumors. However, as effective as some of these compounds are, durable responses are rare and resistance does ultimately occur. Studies exploring therapeutic resistance have largely focused on endothelial cells (ECs). However, more recent reports suggest that development of resistance can be conferred by functional alterations of supporting cells like pericytes. Pericytes are a heterogeneous and highly mystifying<br/>population of mural cells and have been for years suggested to protect ECs from anti-angiogenic insults, promote vessel regrowth and tumor progression. However, most of the knowledge on pericytes in tumor growth is confounding and often conflicting.<br/>In the first part of this thesis, we investigated several aspects of pericyte function during tumor progression. Using an experimental model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), we characterized the nature of signals exchanged between pericytes and ECs in tumor vessels. We showed that pericytes, when in the vicinity of ECs, promote the upregulation of genes involved in cell survival like Bcl-w. We further demonstrated that upregulation of survival genes is dependent on autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signaling in ECs. Moreover, we showed that the amount of pericytes expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is increased in the tumor parenchyma upon anti-VEGF-A therapy. This highlights the potential value of using pericyte marker expression to predict clinical response to anti-vascular therapy. Finally, we characterized a novel imaging tool, the PDGFRβ-Affibody, a small molecule showing specific binding to platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) in tumors. This Affibody molecule holds the potential of being used to identify pericytes in tumors and to deliver cytotoxic compounds directly to the tumor microvasculature. In the second part of this thesis, we investigated the biological function of the latest identified ligand for PDGFRβ, PDGF-DD, in tumor progression. Making use of a newly generated Pdgfd knockout mouse, we demonstrated that growth of PanNET in the RIP1-TAg2 model is significantly impaired in the absence of PDGF-DD. Deficient PDGF-DD signaling did not affect angiogenesis or pericyte recruitment to blood vessels. Instead, we found that PDGF-DD stimulated the proliferation of the bulk tumor cell population by inducing expression of mitogenic factors by a rare population of malignant cells expressing PDGFRβ.<br/>The existence of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells, marked by rare expression of PDGFRβ in malignant clones, was further confirmed in a cohort of human primary and metastatic PanNET.<br/>Our studies emphasize the prevalent theory that targeting multiple compartments of the tumor microenvironment may represent a viable alternative to prevent resistance and achieve durable responses in patients. However, elucidating the relationship between the heterogeneous composition of tumors and the therapeutic outcome is still a significant challenge. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/86772821-6406-419e-9288-7ad4799f9fe9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7558964/e_spik_Eliane_kappa_G5.pdf application/pdf 3048699 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-279-5 2016-05-12T10:00:00+02:00 86772821-6406-419e-9288-7ad4799f9fe9 2016-04-29T13:35:26+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z 2016-04-29T13:35:26+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:25d79f5d-292c-42ec-900b-60510e78e129 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall C, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Erik Hallin author 03cbbdf8-7af5-47c1-bb91-18d2227f79dd Hans-Erik Åkerlund supervisor 7e4f0fe4-98f2-4d7a-8e25-21ceb0866e76 Dr. Thomas Kieselbach opponent Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department Plants and algae need light to drive the photosynthetic machinery. An excess of light will, however, result in damage to the photosynthetic machinery and to the rest of the organism. The surplus of energy, when exposed to light stress is converted into less harmful heat energy through a process called non-photochemical quenching. This quenching is partly dependent on the xanthophyll pool located inside the thylakoid membrane. During light stress the xanthophyll violaxanthin is converted to zeaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), triggering the zeaxanthin dependent light quenching. VDE is located on the lumen side of the thylakoid and is activated by the reduction of pH caused by photosynthesis. The sequence of VDE has been divided into three domains, a conserved N-terminal domain rich in cysteines, a lipocalin-like domain expected to bind the substrates and a negatively charged C-terminal domain rich in glutamic acid. In this work we have constructed cysteine mutants that revealed the importance of 12 of the 13 cysteines of VDE to the activity. These 12 cysteines were found to form disulphides in a pattern giving two hairpin structures and also increased the thermal stability of VDE.<br/> <br/>The active site of VDE does not appear to be exclusively located in the cysteine rich N-terminal domain. The expression of the N-terminal domain without the rest of VDE did not show catalytic activity. The rest of VDE without the N-terminal domain was also not able to catalyse the reaction, but after mixing of these two constructs the activity returned. This shows that the N-terminal domain and the rest of VDE can fold independently and also indicates that the active site is localised in the interface between the N-terminal domain and the lipocalin-like domain. Crosslinking of monomeric VDE could localise the N-terminal domain near the opening of the lipocalin barrel, where violaxanthin is predicted to bind.<br/> <br/>The glutamic rich C-terminal domain could be truncated from VDE while the rest of VDE remained active. This showed that the C-terminal domain was not required for the catalytic activity of VDE. The truncation did, however, cause a great loss of activity and a shift in how the VDE activity depends on pH. The C-terminal domain could be linked with the ability of VDE to oligomerise at the pH required for activity. The pH dependent oligomerisation of VDE was lost after truncation of the C-terminal domain. A reduction in pH towards the pH required for optimal activity also causes a strong formation of α-helical structures involved in coiled coils. This formation of secondary structure was also lost after truncation of the C-terminal domain, which is predicted to contain coiled coils. A likely scenario is that the pH activation of VDE involves an oligomerisation event caused by coiled coils at the C-terminal domain. The oligomerisation of VDE could also be seen using chemical crosslinking at different pH, showing a monomeric state at neutral pH while oligomeric interactions occur at lower pH. Small angle x-ray scattering gave indications of a dimeric symmetry of the oligomeric state, while also revealing an elongated shape of monomeric VDE with the lipocalin-like domain localised in the centre. We also show that the previously proposed symmetric docking of violaxanthin into the dimeric state of the lipocalin-like domain appears less likely compared to a non-symmetric binding, based on the observation that only one side of violaxanthin is converted per substrate binding of VDE.<br/> Växter behöver ljus. Ljuset omvandlas genom fotosyntesen till kemisk energi som kan lagras i växten. Mer ljus ger således mer energi men bara upp till en viss gräns. När växten inte längre kan hantera mängden ljus som den utsätts för kommer flaskhalsar i processen orsaka att högenergetiska tillstånd blir mer långlivade. Dessa reaktiva ämnen kan då orsaka skada på närliggande komponenter, vilket kan kräva en kostsam reparation eller till och med död. Växter måste därför kunna reglera mängden ljus som når det fotosyntetiska maskineriet. Detta måste också ske i sådan hastighet att ljusvariationer orsakade på tidsskalan sekunder till minuter, från till exempelvis moln kan hanteras. Då växter inte har förmågan att förflytta sig när de utsätts för starkt ljus har evolutionen tagit fram ett antal alternativ. Riktningen av blad mot eller från ljuskällan och förmågan av de fotosyntetiska komponenterna att skugga varandra är två metoder för att reglera mängden inkommande ljus. Därefter kan upptaget ljus delvis omvandlas till värme, som är en mindre reaktiv form av energi. Exakt hur denna omvandlingsprocess går till är inte känd ännu men vi vet att en av de inblandade komponenterna är molekylen zeaxantin, som bildas tillfälligt då växten utsätts för ljusstress. Zeaxantin omvandlas från violaxantin av enzymet violaxantin de-epoxidas (VDE), som aktiveras då fotosyntesen börjar få svårt att hinna med att hantera det inkommande ljuset.<br/><br/>Detta arbete går ut på att karaktärisera VDE och därigenom ge en djupare förståelse om hur växter och alger kan försvara sig mot ljus. Ett enzyms funktion är väl sammankopplat till dess struktur, vilket gör karaktärisering av strukturen till en viktig del av analysen. Med hjälp av ett antal metoder har information erhållits om strukturen hos VDE och hur denna förändras vid aktivering. Exempelvis kunde vi genom detta visa att VDE molekyler kopplas samman vid aktiveringen, vilket kan vara en viktig del av förmågan att omvandla violaxantin till zeaxantin. Ett enzym består vanligtvis av en kedja av aminosyror. I vissa fall finns interna länkar bildade av aminosyran cystein. Hur dessa cysteiner är länkade inom VDE samt deras innebörd för aktiviteten har studerats. För att analysera vilka delar av VDE som är viktiga för dess aktivitet har dessa delar byts ut och även tagits bort i olika kombinationer. Detta har också gett antydningar om var i VDE som violaxantin binder. Genom att också analysera hur mycket av den bildade slutprodukten samt reaktionens intermediat som förekommer vid olika tidspunkter kunde påvisa att intermediatet lämnar VDE och måste bindas igen för att slutprodukten zeaxantin ska bildas.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/25d79f5d-292c-42ec-900b-60510e78e129 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557771/Thesis_Erik_Hallin.pdf application/pdf 9981214 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557774/Thesis_Erik_Hallin_kappa.pdf application/pdf 5689267 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology 2016 eng violaxanthin de-epoxidase cysteine disulphide bond function pH activation oligomerisation circular dichroism crosslinking small angle x-ray scattering Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-439-9 114 2016-05-13T13:15:00+02:00 25d79f5d-292c-42ec-900b-60510e78e129 2016-04-30T12:23:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-30T12:23:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b54acfc1-9d33-44fb-9958-a849e8a72fb6 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, ingång 72, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 DANIEL WENGER author 591af920-c06c-41f4-ae2f-131eab0a9b42 Carl Johan Tiderius supervisor d66f0e12-df60-4091-bf4f-1b7ec47d9bf7 Henrik Düppe supervisor 287c4c55-3965-4cef-997e-b790ab62ca78 Leif Dahlberg supervisor ce2413e6-3d7d-4524-9b2a-0b934bd04cc3 associate professor Bertil Romanus opponent Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg Joint and Soft Tissue Unit v1000533 department Joint and Soft Tissue Unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b54acfc1-9d33-44fb-9958-a849e8a72fb6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7560397/Wenger_hela_avh_G5_nr5_.pdf application/pdf 7660067 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-285-6 75 2016-05-21T11:00:00+02:00 b54acfc1-9d33-44fb-9958-a849e8a72fb6 2016-05-01T14:21:33+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z 2016-05-01T14:21:33+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:85910667-0245-4bf4-9d96-7f245987b347 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published N/A 1 Seema Rosqvist author ce29022b-fd97-4346-b9f0-dd9447a8c949 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Hans Drexler opponent Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine,University of Erlangen-Nürenberg, Germany Neurosurgery v1000450 department Organic acid anhydrides (OAAs) are important industrial chemicals but also potent inducers of airways diseases. Many exposed workers develop specific IgE and IgG antibodies. Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) are two particularly sensitising OAAs. The aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate a method for biological monitoring of exposure to and risk of HHPA and MHHPA, using protein adducts in plasma as biomarkers. A total of 141 workers exposed to HHPA and MHHPA and two guinea pigs exposed to HHPA were investigated. Plasma from these were dialysed and the total plasma protein adducts (TPPA) of the anhydrides were hydrolysed. The acids thus formed were extracted, derivatised and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Air levels and urinary metabolite levels of the anhydrides were also analysed by GC methods. Chromatography, electrophoresis and immunological methods were used for separation, identification and quantification of proteins and Igs. Medical histories and symptoms were assessed through questionnaires supplemented with interviews and medical examinations. A quick, simple, accurate, precise and sensitive quantification method for TPPA of OAAs was developed. There were very strong correlations between long-term exposures, as assessed by repeatedly collected urine samples and hemoglobin adducts, and TPPA. Serum albumin (SA) was found to be the major OAA adduct forming protein. Anhydride specific IgE and IgG showed a preferred affinity for SA adducts. There were significant exposure-response relationships for TPPA of HHPA with specific IgE and IgG and symptoms and for TPPA of MHHPA with specific IgG. Thus, the TPPA can be considered to be excellent biomarkers of long-term exposure and of risk. A biological occupational exposure limit for HHPA and MHHPA is suggested. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Stora mängder reaktiva lågmolekylära ämnen används i den kemiska industrin vid produktionen av varor som hanteras i vårt dagliga liv. Exempel på sådana kemikalier är organiska syraanhydrider (OAA). En stor andel av de arbetare som exponeras för dessa viktiga industriella föreningar blir tyvärr sjuka med symtom som astma och hösnuveliknande besvär. I åtminstone en del fall är sjukdomen allergiskt betingad. För att effektivt skydda arbetarna måste man veta vilka exponeringsnivåer som ger upphov till sjukdom, det vill säga vad som vanligen brukar benämnas som exponerings-responssamband. För två OAA, hexahydroftalsyra-anhydrid (HHPA) och metylhexahydroftalsyra-anhydrid (MHHPA), som främst används för framställning av elektroniska komponenter, finns mycket lite sådan data. Detta förhindrar att ett hygieniskt gränsvärde kan tas fram. Målet med den här studien var att utveckla en metod för att mäta exponeringen för HHPA och MHHPA samt att med hjälp av denna ta fram exponerings-responssamband för dessa anhydrider. Den metod som utvecklades för att mäta exponeringen baseras på analys av de anhydrider som bundit till protein i plasman hos arbetarna, så kallade proteinaddukter. Metoden använder sig av en avancerad och mycket känslig analysmetodik som kallas gaskromatografimasspektro-metri. Det visas i avhandlingen att halten av proteinaddukterna är ett bra mått på exponeringen för anhydrid under mer än en månad tillbaka och att serumalbumin är det protein i plasma som huvudsakligen bildar addukter med syraanhydriderna. Vidare insamlas i avhandlingen plasma från 141 arbetare som exponeras för HHPA och MHHPA och halterna av protein-addukter bestäms i dessa. Utöver detta studeras de arbets-relaterade symptom arbetarna har samt halterna av antikroppar specifika mot anhydriderna vilket kan vara ett tecken på allergisk sjukdom. Halterna av syraanhydridaddukter relateras sedan till antikroppsnivåerna och symtom varvid det visade sig att även en ytterst låg exponering för åtminstone HHPA ökar risken för att utveckla sjukdom betydligt. Slutligen lämnas ett förslag till biologiskt gränsvärde för anhydriderna. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/85910667-0245-4bf4-9d96-7f245987b347 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6040950/1662113.pdf application/pdf 230442 no 2001 eng GC-MS IgG IgE exposure-response serum albumin biological monitoring Hexahydrophthalic anhydride methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride OEL Occupational health industrial medicine Yrkesmedicin arbetsmiljömedicin Occupational Health and Environmental Health 91-628-4908-5 41834 100 2001-10-11T13:15:00+02:00 85910667-0245-4bf4-9d96-7f245987b347 2016-04-04T13:02:18+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T13:02:18+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ca56e879-d5ae-4570-9ef9-1eb333fc6aa8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room B, Fysicum, Sölvegatan 14, Lund university, Faculty of Engineering 1 Johanna Trägårdh author e651f3da-2968-423f-bebf-7f1ff46c7388 Lars Samuelson supervisor a76146c1-e127-4e10-8c5b-43367155a302 Dan Hessman supervisor 3d106a96-0391-4331-9026-7af2278ffaa9 Dr. Heike Riel opponent IBM, Zurich research laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland Solid State Physics v1000623 department This thesis describes optical spectroscopy on III-V semiconductor nanowires. <br/><br> The nanowires were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). Photoluminescence and photocurrent spectroscopy are used as tools to investigate issues such as the size of the band gap, the effects of surface states, and the charge carrier transport in core-shell nanowires.<br/><br> The band gap of InAs1-xPx nanowires with wurtzite crystal structure is measured as a function of the composition for 0.15&lt;x&lt;0.48. The band gap is measured using photocurrent spectroscopy on single InAs nanowires with a centrally placed InAs1-xPx segment. The wurtzite band gap is found to be about 120 meV larger than the corresponding zinc blende band gap over the entire composition range. The photocurrent spectrum is measured for excitation polarized parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire axis. The nanowires are found to have a large polarization dependence of the photocurrent, which is explained by the difference in dielectric constant of the nanowire and the surrounding air. <br/><br> The large polarization dependence in combination with the tunable band gap and the low dark current due to the band edge offset in the heterostructure, makes such nanowires possible candidates for polarization-sensitive photodetectors in the infrared.<br/><br> The effect on the optical properties of the crystal structure is further investigated by comparing the spectral excitation power dependence of InP nanowires with zinc blende crystal structure and InP nanowires with a high density of rotational twins. The difference in excitation power dependence is explained by interpreting the rotational twins as monolayer thick wurtzite segments. The rotationally twinned structure responds to the light as a type II heterostructure due to the type II offset between the zinc blende and wurtzite energy bands. <br/><br> p- and n-doped InP nanowires are studied with photoluminescence spectroscopy. The radial band bending caused by the Fermi level pinning at the surface, causes the electrons and holes to be separated radially and this is observed as a lowering of the photoluminescence energy. This is further investigated by applying a gate voltage on the nanowire sample to change the band bending, and observe the changes in the photoluminescence signal. This could potentially be used for investigating the doping concentration in such nanowires. <br/><br> Core-shell nanowires with GaAs core and a larger band gap GaxIn1-xP shell are studied by photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is observed that the photoluminescence decay is fast, indicating that the decay is dominated by non-radiative recombination also with a passivating shell on the nanowire. The charge carrier transport from the shell to the core is partially hindered at the low temperatures used (10~K). The photoluminescence decay is modelled by simple rate equations, with qualitative agreement with the experiments. It is also studied how the strain from the lattice mismatched shell, and the choice of substrate (Si or GaP) affects the photoluminescence intensity and decay time. It is found that the maximum PL intensity is obtained for unstrained nanowires. <br/><br> A smaller part of the thesis describes photoluminescence measurements on the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]). The measurements are performed on single polymer chains dispersed in a PMMA matrix. The polymer spectra acquired at room temperature and 20~K are compared to obtain information about the conformational dynamics of the polymer chain. It is observed that at 20 K, the photoluminescence spectrum has a narrow line width and there is a large spread in the distribution of the spectral maxima. This was explained by assuming that at this low temperature, the <br/><br> thermal energy was not enough to allow conformational changes, and each single chain is frozen in a specific conformation. At room temperature conformational changes are possible, resulting in the single chain spectra being broad with only small inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble spectrum. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ca56e879-d5ae-4570-9ef9-1eb333fc6aa8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6041010/1150895.pdf application/pdf 3583514 no 2008 eng core-shell nanowires GaAs InP InAs photocurrent nanowire time-resolved PL photoluminescence wurtzite Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-628-7510-7 1150874 2008-06-13T10:15:00+02:00 ca56e879-d5ae-4570-9ef9-1eb333fc6aa8 2016-04-04T13:02:20+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T13:02:20+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e8155748-544c-4b41-9fa5-3fe3281414be 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Sal Ostrom, LUCSUS, hus Josephson, Biskopsgatan 5, Lund 1 Henrik Thorén author d4099fd4-d707-4688-a591-56174924116a Johannes Persson supervisor d34c8dab-5152-446b-9bb5-69da3a961039 Professor Matti Sintonen opponent Helsingfors universitet Theoretical Philosophy v1000052 department This is a thesis about interdisciplinarity, scientific integration, and problem solving in sustainability science. Sustainability science is an emerging and highly interdisciplinary field that seeks to integrate vastly differentiated bodies of knowledge in addressing the challenge of transitioning contemporary societies towards sustainability. Interdisciplinarity is paramount.<br/><br> <br/><br> Interdisciplinarity in general, and in the context of sustainability science in particular, has often been associated with solving particular problems and problem solving is one important theme in this thesis. A central idea that is developed is that of problem-feeding. Sometimes problems arise within one discipline that can only be solved with the help of another. This concept, that has predecessors in e.g. the work of Lindley Darden and Nancy Maull, is explored considerably. It is argued that in interdisciplinary contexts—such as sustainability science—where collaboration is sought it is important to maintain cross-boundary problem stability. That is to say, as the problem is transferred from one discipline to another transformations will often be necessary. These transformations then, need to be acceptable to all involved parties to maintain an active interdisciplinary connection.<br/><br> <br/><br> Another topic that is discussed both in the introductory essay and some of the papers included is that of scientific imperialism. Scientific imperialism—the infringement of one discipline upon the domain of another—is here suggested to be primarily a threat to in-terdisciplinary collaborations. A distinction is introduced between imperialist failures of expansionism and failures of replacement. These are labelled type-I and type-II imperialism respectively. Particular attention is devoted to the latter form. Type-II imperialism concerns cases where imperialist infringements fail as the imperial- izing framework replaces viable, or compatible alternatives. Such an error of replacement does, importantly, not imply that the framework or theory should be disregarded completely. This type of imperialist error can both be quite subtle, and damaging. For one, if one directs the attention to specific contexts knowledge is actually lost in the process. This is particularly serious in fields such as sustainability science that are, to such an large extent, aimed at influencing concrete policy.<br/><br> <br/><br> Finally, interdisciplinarity is difficult to achieve and in many cases represents a grand challenge in itself. There are however many different ways in which interdisciplinarity may be accomplished and different forms are suitable in different contexts. In a field such as sustainability science where complexity is such a prevalent feature, an inclusive, pluralist, approach is likely to be appropriate. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e8155748-544c-4b41-9fa5-3fe3281414be https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6044493/5048299.pdf application/pdf 4107647 no 2015 eng Interdisciplinarity problem solving scientific integration pluralism unification sustainability science Philosophy 978-91-87833-20-5 5047237 356 2015-03-14T10:00:00+01:00 e8155748-544c-4b41-9fa5-3fe3281414be 2016-04-04T13:03:27+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T13:03:27+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:34dd8ca8-2f4b-4b5c-9309-23a5be5218e3 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmarksalen, Astronomihuset 1 Patrik Sahlin author 55678290-77be-4b6e-afe0-7ebdc59d6a46 Henrik Jönsson supervisor 4dd6c7c2-d291-42b7-a671-5d8afa0e8f4e Dr. Nick Monk opponent University of Nottingham Computational Biology and Biological Physics v1000644 department The study of phyllotactic patterns have a long history, but the bulk<br/><br> of our detailed understanding of developmental processes in plants<br/><br> comes from research conducted in the last thirty or forty years. New<br/><br> modern techniques have made it possible to study plants in ways that<br/><br> previously was not possible. Using confocal microscopy it is possible<br/><br> to generate three-dimensional stacks of images of a plant, and series<br/><br> of stacks makes it possible to follow the development in time. In<br/><br> combination with biological markers, gene and protein expression<br/><br> patterns can be followed both in time and space. This new type of data<br/><br> plays an important role in the modern development of mathematical and<br/><br> computational models of developmental processes in plants.<br/><br> <br/><br> In this thesis we study different aspects of the development of<br/><br> phyllotactic patterns at the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis<br/><br> thaliana; the self-regulating feedback network of the WUSCHEL and<br/><br> CLAVATA genes, anisotropic growth of plant cells, cell division in the<br/><br> epidermal layer of the meristem, and intercellular transport of the<br/><br> plant hormone auxin. A systems biology approach is taken to make<br/><br> models from experimental data. All models are represented<br/><br> mathematically by ordinary differential equations and a toolbox of<br/><br> both analytical, numerical, and statistical methods is used to analyse<br/><br> the models. Using computer simulations and the following data analysis<br/><br> we provide predictions that can be tested in experiments. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Fyllotaxi är läran om blad, löv, och andra växtorgans placering. Ordet<br/><br> fyllotaxi har sitt ursprung i de grekiska orden för 'blad' och<br/><br> 'organisation', och mönsterbildning i växter har studerats sedan<br/><br> antiken. Mönster i naturen har alltid intresserat människan och<br/><br> fantasieggande kopplingar till matematiken gör sig ständigt till<br/><br> känna. I många växter bildar växtorgan mönster av spiraler som är nära<br/><br> sammankopplade med den så kallade Fibonacci-serien. Fibonacci-serien<br/><br> är en serie av heltal där varje tal i serien är summan av de två<br/><br> föregående talen (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, o.s.v.). Kvoten mellan två<br/><br> efterföljande tal i serien går mot vad som brukar kallas för det<br/><br> gyllene snittet. När ett nytt växtorgan skapas bildar det tillsammans<br/><br> med det föregående organet en vinkel. Vinkeln är ofta lika med<br/><br> 137,5 grader -- kallad den gyllene vinkeln -- vilken är nära<br/><br> besläktad med det gyllene snittet. När växten skapar nya organ skapas<br/><br> en spiral, men det mänskliga ögat uppfattar även att organen bildar<br/><br> ett antal spiraler i både mot- och medurs riktning. Räknar man antalet<br/><br> spiraler i vardera riktning är dessa två tal -- för många växter --<br/><br> lika med två efterföljande tal i Fibonacci-serien.<br/><br> <br/><br> Trots att människan har studerat mönsterbildning i växter i flera<br/><br> tusen år kommer den större delen av vår förståelse för de<br/><br> underliggande biologiska processerna från forskning utförd under de<br/><br> senaste tre-fyra decennierna. Ny teknik har skapat möjligheter att<br/><br> undersöka utvecklingen från frö till fullvuxen<br/><br> växt. Konfokalmikroskopi har gjort det möjligt att skapa<br/><br> tredimensionella modeller av växter som kan studeras och användas vid<br/><br> modellering och datorsimuleringar. Med hjälp av biologiska markörer är<br/><br> det även möjligt att följa geners och proteiners uttryck i tid och<br/><br> rum.<br/><br> <br/><br> I den här avhandlingen använder vi modeller för att studera olika<br/><br> aspekter av mönsterbildning i skottet av växten Arabidopsis<br/><br> thaliana -- eller backtrav som är växtens svenska namn. I de fem<br/><br> artiklar som ingår i avhandlingen tittar vi närmare på ett<br/><br> självreglerande gennätverk i skottet, anisotropisk tillväxt av celler,<br/><br> celldelning, samt intercellulär transport av växthormonet auxin. I<br/><br> nära samarbete med biologer utvecklar vi matematiska modeller som<br/><br> uttrycks i form av ordinära differentialekvationer. Vi använder sedan<br/><br> analytiska, numeriska, och statistiska metoder för att analysera<br/><br> modellerna. Analyserna leder till förutsägelser som kan testas i nya<br/><br> experiment.<br/><br> <br/><br> I avhandlingen står Arabidopsis thaliana i<br/><br> fokus. Arabidopsis är på grund av sin korta livscykel och<br/><br> modesta storlek en av de mest studerade modelorganismerna. Även vi<br/><br> väljer att studera Arabidopsis, men resultaten som<br/><br> presenteras i den här avhandlingen är även applicerbara på andra<br/><br> växter. Än är våra studier begränsade till grundforskning, men<br/><br> förhoppningar finns att forskningen ska leda till praktiska<br/><br> tillämpningar inom jordbruket och -- den för Sverige viktiga --<br/><br> skogsindustrin. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/34dd8ca8-2f4b-4b5c-9309-23a5be5218e3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6044978/1579506.pdf application/pdf 11589532 no 2010 eng systems biology plant stem cells computational morphodynamics shoot apical meristem Arabidopsis cell division Fysicumarkivet A:2010:Sahlin Biophysics 978-91-628-8063-7 1579491 112 2010-04-30T10:15:00+02:00 34dd8ca8-2f4b-4b5c-9309-23a5be5218e3 2016-04-04T13:03:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T13:03:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f9bba025-99cf-4759-b412-b8bcb026fc68 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Bing Wang author 53fe97fe-ba93-49cc-870c-1e04825c3015 Jing Liu supervisor 34d40654-c592-422e-8f06-f692b79d936e Mihaela Nistor supervisor Nges Ivo Achu supervisor 18e1bdfe-bc79-4720-b849-289cc10e383c Prof Christof Holliger opponent Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Biotechnology v1000653 department Anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained increasing attention nowadays as an approach for both waste treatment and renewable energy generation. Currently, many different types of materials can be used as feedstock for biogas production via AD process, but their biodegradability (based on methane yield, BDCH4) and potential to produce biogas might vary significantly, and these properties are key parameters that should be taken into consideration for economy, design and operation of a full-scale biogas plant during the selection of potential feedstock.<br/>The BDCH4 and methane potential of a material are commonly determined using the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test. However, a number of factors, e.g., temperature, pH, inoculum preparation, inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR), substrate concentration, mixing, etc. can affect the BMP test results. Moreover, the experimental setups, data analysis and presentation vary in different laboratories, and therefore, the results from different studies are not comparable. To improve the reliability and reproducibility of the BMP test and ensure that the results are more comparable, this PhD study evaluated the influences of various factors on the methane potential and degradation rate of a standard substrate (i.e., cellulose) and certain other types of materials. For example, mixing plays an important role in the BMP test because it aids in the distribution of microorganisms, substrates and nutrients; release of produced gases; and equalisation of the temperature in the digester, thereby enhancing the digestion process. In Paper IV, different mixing strategies were applied to evaluate the influences of mixing on the BMP test. The results showed that the methane potential of blank (inoculum only) was increased approximately 77% and 220% by automated continuous mixing at low intensity (10 rpm) and high intensity (160 rpm), respectively, compared with the methane production obtained from the manually shake system. For the most viscous substrate investigated, i.e., dewatered sludge (DWS), automated continuous mixing significantly improved the methane production. However, for a fine-powdered substrate cellulose and much diluted substrate 8*DWS (i.e., DWS diluted by a factor of 8), mixing is not necessary or the manual shaking once per day is sufficient during the BMP test. Furthermore, certain other important factors, such as experimental setup, inoculum preparation and substrate concentration, were also evaluated and displayed a significant impact on the BMP test.<br/>Finally, as an application of the BMP test, a case study was performed to evaluate the effects of different pre-treatments on lignocellulosic biomass (Miscanthus) for improved methane production. Miscanthus has been proven as one of the highest energy biomasses in recent years; however, its conversion to biogas/methane is limited due to its recalcitrant structure. The study showed that methane production of Miscanthus was significantly improved after size reduction, steam explosion (SE) and alkali pre-treatment.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f9bba025-99cf-4759-b412-b8bcb026fc68 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7485386/Thesis_Bing_Wang.pdf application/pdf 719283 no Biotechnology, Lund University 2016-05-20 eng Anaerobic Digestion Biochemical Methane Potential Degradation Kinetics Lignocellulosic Biomass Mixing Pre-treatment Standardisation Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-436-8 56 2016-05-20T13:15:00+02:00 f9bba025-99cf-4759-b412-b8bcb026fc68 2016-04-21T13:03:25+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-21T13:03:25+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4faafe6a-8255-4f3b-9cef-35b06cc7c3ea 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published A, C, A-building, Sölvegatan 24, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 JAIME PALALANE author cf918b75-4d7e-4da4-852e-8b026b447d2e Magnus Larson supervisor dbee28bf-4cb9-42a8-a3c6-02745fd0a064 Hans Hanson supervisor e6253106-f5a5-4cf9-a8dc-5353b4fc4b1b Dinis Juizo supervisor 5b4d75a2-a8bb-4af7-a387-9dc9ccbebb88 Prof. Jose A. Jimenez opponent Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department Different processes in response to the action of natural driven forces and the human interference on coastal systems act together, contributing to shape the coast. Coastal evolution models have been developed as useful tools to better understand the contribution of different processes on observed coastal changes, and also to anticipate future evolution in response to different actions and interventions taking place along the coast.<br/><br/>The predominant practice in coastal modelling is to have models that address separately the evolution as a result of cross-shore sediment transport processes from the ones caused by processes with main effects on the alongshore sediment transport. However, if longer time and spatial scales are to be covered by such models, a combination of cross-shore and longshore processes is crucial. In this context, the thesis explores the possibility of improving the mathematical modelling of long-term coastal evolution by integrating cross-shore evolution processes into a regional coastal evolution model.<br/><br/>The developed models were satisfactorily tested against available data, as they could reproduce the observed coastal evolution. The model development stage was followed by its application to simulate the long-term coastal evolution of selected coastal stretches of Mozambique’s 2800-km-long coastline. Based on a literature review of different processes influencing the evolution of the Mozambican coast, the potential contribution of mathematical models to improve the local coastal planning and management was explored.<br/><br/>With the model application to the Mozambican coast, it was possible to estimate sediment transport rates, and to reproduce the long-term evolution of the coast, for a period up to nearly two decades. For that reason, mathematical models are considered a valid tool to improve the understanding of the historical long-term<br/>coastal evolution, and to anticipate how it will change in the future. The latter information would be valuable for the improvement of the protection of coastal sensitive systems, reinforcing the integration component, the use of soft approaches in coastal protection projects, and for the definition of setback lines. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4faafe6a-8255-4f3b-9cef-35b06cc7c3ea https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7477792/Dokt_thesis_JP_evLU.pdf application/pdf 5203215 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2016-04-12 eng coastal evolution coastal processes mathematical modelling Mozambican coast coastal erosion Macaneta spit model long-term evolution Civil Engineering Water Engineering Environmental Engineering 978-91-7623-810-3 978-91-7623-811-0 242 2016-05-20T10:15:00+02:00 4faafe6a-8255-4f3b-9cef-35b06cc7c3ea 2016-04-21T15:11:39+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-21T15:11:39+02:00

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theses published K:B, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Peter Persson author c0624917-a4dd-4172-8024-cc6423d3be81 Kent Persson supervisor c59dee5c-adcf-459f-9ff3-ece4521edefe Göran Sandberg supervisor 083f8f15-9e38-4c9d-92e4-9fdb6d4541ae Technical Director Ole Hededal opponent COWI A/S, Denmark Structural Mechanics v1000228 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Vibrations in a built environment can exceed the requirements for sensitive equipment in a building or can cause annoyance to residents. Hence, there is often a need for reducing such vibrations. The vibrations can originate from ambient sources such as motorway traffic, or from internal sources such as people walking inside the building. Disturbing vibrations can be reduced by reduction measures. Vibration-reduction measures can be evaluated numerically, with for instance the finite element method, to avoid construction of expensive mock-ups. In the thesis, large finite element models involving several physical domains (e.g. road, soil, bedrock, and building parts) were developed to study the effect of vibration-reduction measures.<br/><br/>Ground vibrations can be reduced by installing a wave barrier between an external source and a receiver. As concluded in the thesis, an empty barrier (i.e. a trench) installed in the soil has the ability to reduce the ground-vibration level by approximately 60%. If the barrier contains a solid material, however, the level of reduction is reduced to approximately 30%. At long distances, at around 500 m and longer, from the vibration source, an amplification in vibration is observed. At such distances, moreover, the ground motion follows the motion of the bedrock. Another example of a wave obstacle that is studied in the thesis involves shaping the landscape surrounding a building. The topsoil that is usually transported from the construction site can be used to construct hills and valleys that constitute the shaped landscape. However, this can result in anything from an appreciable reduction to an appreciable amplification in the ground-vibration levels, depending on how the landscape is formed. If constructed properly, the reduction in the level of vibration can reach approximately 35%. Vibrations from both external and internal sources can be reduced by modifying the properties of the concrete slabs and the soil underneath. The soil properties can be improved by mixing the soil with a binder, in order to stiffen the soil. Is is shown in the thesis that by using stabilised soil underneath a concrete slab, vibrations originating from motorway traffic can be reduced by almost 60%, and up to 80% for an internal pedestrian load. <br/><br/>By using a time-efficient numerical model developed in the thesis, the effect by using different positions for the supports of a water-pipe system on vibrations transmitted to other parts of buildings was studied. Because frequency peaks can be avoided, a marked change of vibration characteristics can be achieved. A reduction of more than 60% in the transmitted vibrations was observed. <br/><br/>The general methods and measures presented in the thesis are exemplified by the conceptual design process of the MAX IV Laboratory, a vibration-sensitive research facility. This laboratory exhibited the phenomena needed for selecting it as a comprehensive example case.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d7d72b18-2302-4931-9fbf-a4ea31923e43 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7485166/Thesis_web1026.pdf application/pdf 47631851 no 2016-04-19 swe vibration reduction finite element method coupled problems vibration measurements wave propagation ground vibration soil dynamics wave barrier shaped landscape soil stabilisation liquid-filled pipes model order reduction Building Technologies Infrastructure Engineering Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 978-91-7623-640-6 978-91-7623-641-3 159 2016-05-19T13:00:00+02:00 d7d72b18-2302-4931-9fbf-a4ea31923e43 2016-04-22T09:24:37+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-22T09:24:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c5df0fbd-7eb1-46a3-a47e-c5c35887859e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Physicum, Rydberg Lecture Hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Ulrika Forsberg author 16974078-cd32-4577-a67a-13c32722ed55 Dirk Rudolph supervisor 38d9ee48-e55d-447f-8c64-edd4c3de5b9f Pavel Golubev supervisor 23ad2ed5-8050-43b9-9f74-55ff77e0c2e9 Dr. Araceli Lopez-Martens opponent CSNSM and Université Paris-Sud, Campus d’Orsay, Orsay, France Nuclear physics v1000629 department Element 115 project This thesis is devoted to detailed studies of element 115 decay chains using the highly efficient multi-coincidence alpha, electron, gamma and X-ray detector setup TASISpec at the gas-filled separator TASCA at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. In a three-week long experiment thirty new decay chains assumed to stem from element 115 isotopes were observed together with the very first detections of gamma rays and potential X-rays from these nuclei. <br/><br/>Paper I describes preparations in terms of optimisations of the magnetic fields in TASCA. Paper II presents data from 23 of the observed chains and the very first level schemes along element 115 decay chains, and discusses the first observation of potential X-rays. In Paper III aspects of the data analysis are described. Paper IV considers correlations along element 115 decay chains and a generalisation of a previously devised test for congruence of data sets. Paper V presents the remaining seven chains from our experiment and discusses possible isotopic origins of those chains as well as similar chains observed at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Reactions, Dubna, Russia and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA. Paper VI is a popular science article about new chemical elements. Element 115 är arbetsnamnet för det grundämne som karaktäriseras av att atomer av ämnet har 115 protoner i sin atomkärna. Protoner är positivt laddade kärnpartiklar och är ansvariga för att atomkärnor omges av lika många negativt laddade elektroner för att bilda fullvärdiga neutrala atomer. Olika grundämnen -- såsom guld, syre och tellur -- kännetecknas av att atomerna har olika många protoner, och därmed också olika många elektroner. Elektronerna bestämmer ämnets kemiska egenskaper. De ämnen som finns naturligt på jorden i nämnbara mängder har mellan en och 92 protoner i sina kärnor. Men går det att göra atomer som har ännu fler protoner?<br/><br/>Krafterna inne i kärnan är komplicerade. Vi vet att trots att protonerna är positivt laddade och därmed stöter bort varandra, så håller ``vanliga'' atomkärnor ändå ihop. Det måste alltså finnas andra typer av krafter som motverkar den elektriska repulsionen. Dessa krafters natur är ännu inte helt kartlagd, men vi vet att om protoner är mycket nära varandra dras de faktiskt till varanda istället för att stöta bort varandra. Vi kallar den sammanhållande effekterna för ``den starka kraften''. <br/><br/>Atomkärnor består inte bara av protoner, utan också av neutroner. De har ingen laddning, men liksom protonerna påverkas de av den starka kraften. Den gör att de inte bara dras till varandra utan även till protonerna. Tillsammans bildar alltså protoner och neutroner de atomkärnor som utgör vår värld. Det finns också atomkärnor som inte är stabila utan sönderfaller och sänder ut radioaktiv strålning. Detta beror ofta på att balansen mellan protoner och neutroner inte är optimal eller att de repellerande krafterna mellan protonerna till slut vinner. <br/><br/>I de modeller som kärnfysikens pionjärer ställde upp för ca 80 år sedan finns det en övre gräns för hur många protoner som kan finnas i en kärna. Beroende på vilken modell som användes gick gränsen vid lite olika protontal, men som mest vid ungefär hundra protoner. Det man inte visste då var att det finns en inre struktur i kärnorna som gör att vissa speciella protontal och neutrontal blir mer stabila än andra. Förklaringen till varför just dessa antal ger ökad stabilitet uppdagades i slutet av 40-talet av bland andra Maria Goeppert-Mayer, som belönades med Nobelpriset i fysik år 1963. <br/><br/>Under 40-talet framställdes flera nya grundämnen artificiellt i laboratorium genom att lättare atomer fusionerades -- alltså slogs samman med hjälp av acceleratorer -- och forskarna närmade sig den förutsagda gränsen. Självklart lät sig inte experimentalisterna stoppas av en teoretisk gräns, men ett rejält uppsving för forskningsfältet kom när Lundafysikern Sven Gösta Nilsson teoretiskt förutsade att grundämnen med 110-120 protoner inte bara bör kunna finnas, utan även kan vara relativt stabila! <br/><br/>Under 80- och 90-talen var det tyska laboratoriet GSI i Darmstadt ledande inom konsten att framställa tyngre och tyngre grundämnen, vilket återspeglas t.ex. i namnet Darmstadtium för grundämnet med 110 protoner. Därefter leddes jakten främst av det ryska laboratoriet JINR i Dubna, Ryssland. Där har forskare under de senaste tjugo åren framställt atomer som tros ha 113-118 protoner. Dessa atomer skapas en och en i laboratoriet, och det är i dagsläget bara möjligt att producera som mest ett par stycken om dagen. <br/><br/>De atomer som producerats hittills har väldigt korta halveringstider på maximalt ett par sekunder, och alltså sönderfaller de mycket snart efter att de skapats. Den korta livslängden beror till stor del på obalans mellan antalet neutroner och protoner. Tyvärr är det än så länge inte möjligt att få in fler neutroner i kärnorna, och därför är vi ganska långt ifrån det område där det förutspåtts att det ska finnas relativt stabila, alltså långlivade, atomer. <br/><br/>Ett annat problem i forskningen är att det är svårt att slå fast hur många protoner som faktiskt finns i kärnorna. Forskarna i Ryssland har försökt bestämma protonantalet indirekt, och fastän nästan alla är övertygade om att bestämningen är korrekt tycker de flesta att det inte riktigt räcker. Det är här som min forskning kommer in i bilden. Jag har utfört ett experiment vars syfte är att verkligen ta reda på protonantalet i nya atomkärnor. <br/><br/>En metod för att göra en direkt och otvetydig mätning av protonantalet är att studera röntgenstrålning from atomerna. Om man mäter strålningens energi kan man räkna ut hur många protoner som finns i kärnan, och alltså vilket slags atomer som finns i provet. Svårigheten i en sådan mätning ligger bland annat i att få kärnan att sända ut röntgenstrålning. För större materialprover, såsom t.ex. en bit av en meteor, kan man provocera fram röntgenstrålning genom att bestråla provet på något vis. I fallet med de enstaka atomer som produceras i mina experiment är denna metod inte möjlig. Det vi istället sätter vårt hopp till är att när atomerna sönderfaller kommer de ibland att bilda en dotteratom som har överskottsenergi som den kan sända ut i form röntgenstrålning. Då kan vi identifiera dotteratomen, och eftersom vi vet hur det initiala sönderfallet skedde kan vi identifiera den ursprunliga atomen. <br/><br/>Det fina med metoden är att man dessutom får ut mycket mer information. Observationer kring hur ofta det sänds ut röntgenstrålning, huruvida annan strålning sänds ut och exakt hur och när sönderfallen sker berättar om hur atomkärnorna ser ut i detalj. Det som förklarades av bland andra Maria Goeppert-Mayer är att protonerna och neutronerna som finns inne i kärnan arrangerar sig enligt vissa mönster. Liksom man tänker sig att elektronerna snurrar runt atomkärnorna i olika skal, snurrar protonerna och neutronerna i skal runt en punkt i mitten av atomkärnan. Genom att studera dessa skal noggrannare och noggrannare, får vi bättre och bättre ledtrådar om hur krafterna inne i kärnan verkligen fungerar. Ju mer vi lär oss om krafterna, ju bättre kan vi förstå och utveckla de goda tillämpningar av kärnfysik som finns idag och imorgon. <br/><br/>Under mina första år som doktorand var jag med och utvecklade utrustning för att kunna göra en detaljstudie av element 115 och dess sönderfallsprodukter. I slutet av år 2012 utförde vi vårt experiment, och sedan dess har vi grävt djupare och djupare i de data vi samlade in. Vi har kalibrerat vår utrustning, vi har rekonstruerat sönderfallen, vi har jämfört med simulerade sönderfall, vi har räknat på olika sannolikheter, och vi har försökt kommunicera våra upptäckter till omvärlden. Denna avhandling innehåller en översikt över experimentet och redogörelser för vad jag har gjort. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c5df0fbd-7eb1-46a3-a47e-c5c35887859e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7495513/thesis.pdf application/pdf 7769678 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Division of Nuclear Physics 2016 eng superheavy elements element 115 new elements alpha decay X rays gamma rays nuclear structure spontaneous fission Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Forsberg kärnstruktur supertunga grundämnen nya grundämnen alfasönderfall röntgenstrålning gammastrålning spontan fission element 115 spektroskopi Natural Sciences Subatomic Physics 978-91-7623-812-7 978-91-7623-813-4 171 2016-05-20T13:15:00+02:00 c5df0fbd-7eb1-46a3-a47e-c5c35887859e 2016-04-24T19:04:32+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-24T19:04:32+02:00

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theses published 1 Mohammed Abdulaziz author f0219bb1-ac5e-4f00-b477-05a112280b22 Henrik Sjöland supervisor b222716d-491a-430e-8e5c-3e23f1ea8a2a Markus Törmänen supervisor e8287234-724a-4edd-88fc-42635666ce66 Department of Electrical and Information Technology v1000242 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Technology scaling in advanced CMOS nodes has been very successful in reducing the cost and increasing the operating frequency, however, it has also resulted in reduced transistor intrinsic gain and increased thermal noise coefficient, and most importantly, deteriorated linearity performance. At the same time, advanced wireless communication standards offer ever increasing data rates and pose more stringent requirements on coexistence, leading to very stringent linearity requirements.<br/>The objective of this dissertation is therefore to investigate techniques for enhancing the linearity of the receiver front-end in CMOS technology. The bandwidth of two-stage operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) in closed loop configuration is addressed in paper I and a compensation technique is proposed using positive feedback RC links. Analysis shows that this introduces two left hand plane zeros and two high frequency parasitic poles. In paper II the compensated OTA is used in a fifth order active-RC channel select filter (CSF) for LTE-Rel 8. The filter ’s power consumption measures only 3.4mW, and the linearity at the band edge and out-of-band is not deteriorated.<br/>In paper III, the linearity of the well-known triode OTA with feedback amplifiers is investigated, and feed- forward linearization is proposed instead of using feedback amplifiers. Not only are the amplifiers removed along with their power consumption, but also state-of-the-art linearity is achieved.<br/>Paper IV proposes a novel linearization technique suitable for high frequency OTAs. The linearization draws no bias current and measurements show that it is robust to mismatch as well as temperature and voltage variations. A low noise amplifier is simulated and a fourth order OTA-C filter was measured, demonstrating the performance of the technique. <br/>Finally, in paper V a fully integrated receiver front-end with spectrum sensing is presented, including mea- surements with LTE signals. Different blocker scenarios were measured and it is concluded that spectrum sensing is very beneficial for blocker handling, resulting in significantly improved performance. Further- more, the effect of noise cancellation and improvements of the OTA linearity are demonstrated on the overall front-end performance.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/55b574bf-8653-4bcb-9e58-09f70581bad6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7499861/Thesis.pdf application/pdf 11601596 no 2016-04-25 eng CMOS, receivers, operational transconductance amplifiers, filtering, channel select filters, stability, low noise amplifiers, linearization, carrier aggregation, spectrum sensing Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-693-2 978-91-7623-694-9 138 Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 55b574bf-8653-4bcb-9e58-09f70581bad6 2016-04-25T11:14:03+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-25T11:14:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c5529f9f-3aa7-4f97-87b3-f0a34a3a871e 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Matilda Billing author da52476e-8b7b-404c-abbf-e7a329a96af2 Stefan Karlsson supervisor e47c8cc3-d2be-4dd4-84a6-87dbaaad8c6e Göran Karlsson supervisor a5442b38-b9b1-4f08-8540-f92eae3e5209 professor Gerald de Haan opponent The University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy v1000558 department StemTherapy: National Initiative on Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy v1001247 department Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compose a rare population of undifferentiated cells, residing in the bone marrow of adult individuals, ensuring life-long maintenance and replenishment of the blood system. This fantastic achievement is possible owing to two special characteristics of the HSCs: their ability to make copies of themselves (self-renew), and their capacity to differentiate to all lineages of the blood system. The process of blood formation, hematopoiesis, is a dynamic and complicated process reliant on the strict balance between a large number of regulatory factors. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently used to treat hematological disorders such as leukemia. Cord blood is an easily accessible source of stem cells, however the number of HSCs extracted from one cord are not enough to successfully transplant adult patients. This limitation could be circumvented if we were capable of expanding stem cells outside the body. However, to reach this goal it is crucial to first understand how these cells are regulated in their natural environment. More knowledge is required to understand the interplay between different intrinsic and extrinsic factors participating in governing HSCs. Ex vivo HSC expansion would not only be beneficial for making HSCT accessible to a larger number of patients, but would also enable profound studies of HSC function and regulation. <br/>In this thesis we have identified and evaluated factors involved in the regulation of HSC fate decisions. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is one of the most potent inhibitors of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation in vitro. However, the complete mechanism behind the growth inhibitory effect and the precise function of this signaling pathway in vivo, is still to be unraveled. Our results in Article I suggest that Smad4 is a limiting factor for TGFβ-mediated Smad signaling critical for long-term HSC function and demonstrate that the level of Smad4 can modulate the response to TGFβ in human cells. Furthermore, we describe a negative regulatory role of the Smad signaling pathway on human HSPCs during regeneration after transplantation - affecting self-renewal capacity but not lineage choice. In Article II, we identify a transcriptional network, consisting of important stem cell regulators, TGFβ(Smad4)/GATA2/p57, that is critical in controlling the proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells. We further generate a database of genes that become deregulated following TGFβ stimulation, and demonstrate that GATA2 is involved in a large part of the TGFβ response. At last, in Article III, we have studied the role of Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in murine hematopoiesis. Our findings demonstrate that PEDF is an important regulatory factor for HSC regeneration and that PEDF in vivo works in a cell-autonomous fashion. For the first time, we propose a role of PEDF in HSC biology. <br/>Taken together, the work in this thesis has contributed to the field by increased understanding of mechanisms and factors involved in the regulation of HSC fate decisions.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c5529f9f-3aa7-4f97-87b3-f0a34a3a871e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7651694/Matilda_Billing_webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 2195332 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng hematopoies Hematopoietic stem cell TGF beta Smad signaling GATA2 p57 Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-293-1 89 2016-06-03T13:30:00+02:00 c5529f9f-3aa7-4f97-87b3-f0a34a3a871e 2016-05-12T14:18:28+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z 2016-05-12T14:18:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9ea784b9-cc25-4e4a-aca2-9df51d9d312c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Sal C116 nedre, LUX, Helgonavägen 3, Lund 1 A. M. Ciardi author 118053d5-af62-443d-aca7-fce69289b1c3 Stephan Borgehammar supervisor 3c3b6694-14fc-4c4d-b967-e9cac9b5ef4b Samuel Rubenson supervisor f87b64af-4fa6-4a48-81de-75b903c47d79 Docent Cordelia Heß opponent Göteborgs universitet Centre for Theology and Religious Studies v1000042 department Church and Mission Studies v1000045 department On the Formation & Functions of Cathedral Chapters and Cathedral Culture. Lund, Denmark, and Scandinavia, c. 1060–1225 project The cathedral was one of the most important institutions in medieval Europe. The local as well as ecclesiastical elite gathered around it and its bishop; the liturgy was celebrated day and night, year after year; the cathedral served as educational institution of the clergy. The cathedral chapter, i.e. the organized clergy that served at the cathedral, played a decisive part in all this.<br/><br/>The overarching purpose of this doctoral thesis has been to re-interpret essential aspects of the formation and functions of cathedral chapters in Scandinavia in the period <i>c</i>. 1060–1225. This is achieved through a number of articles on the cathedral chapter at St Lawrence’s in Lund, and, to a lesser extent, other cathedral chapters in medieval Denmark and Scandinavia. After a general introduction on the subject, starting with clarifications of those concepts that have been essential to this study and my understanding and application of them, i.e. ‘formation’, ‘functions’, ‘cathedral chapter’, and ‘cathedral culture’, I recapitulate what has been achieved, misinterpreted, or even neglected by previous scholarship by focusing on the formation and functions of cathedral chapters in a Scandinavian setting. In this section, I also present my own hypotheses and methodological approaches and define the chronological and geographical delimitations of this work. Finally, I introduce the sources of this work by categorizing them. In the second major part of the introduction, I present the context, hypotheses, methods, and results of the articles; I also present and discuss whether there has been any subsequent research or similar approaches on the various topics dealt with.<br/><br/>In my articles, I consider four general topics: first, the textual transmission of normative text of the cathedral chapter in Lund and especially the customary, the <i>Consuetudines Lundenses </i>from <i>c</i>. 1120 (Articles 1 and 4); second, the concepts of ‘law &amp; learning’ are examined in the context of the cathedral chapter at St Lawrence’s in Lund in the first quarter of the twelfth century (Article 2). Third, by focusing on the cult of saints in Scandinavia <i>c</i>. 1000–<i>c</i>. 1200 in relation to the emerging capitular institutions, I both introduce a new concept, ‘cathedral culture’, and demonstrate the importance of the local cathedral clergy and chapter are in the introduction and maintenance of both foreign and local saints’ cults (Article 3). Finally, I examine the various legal developments within the process of appointing bishops that were practiced in Latin Christendom until the mid-1220s (Article 5), arriving at the conclusion that this process and the formation of cathedral chapters were reciprocal and resulted in a more legally regulated electoral procedure.<br/><br/>The major results of this work are the following. First, by a redefinition of the concept of ‘cathedral chapter’, meaning that any clerical organization occupied with the liturgical service at the cathedral church of the diocese could be designated as such rather than define this institution from those legal or administrative functions that were added later, and by demonstrating that the liturgical function was the primary function of the capitular institution throughout the Middle Ages, I contribute to a new, more organic view of this ecclesiastical institution. Second, by using a more flexible terminology, I demonstrate that a focus on the process of formation rather than the search for a fixed date of foundation is rewarding when dealing with the capitular institutions in this period, which are characterized by institutional, legal, and ideological transition. Finally, I introduce a new conceptual framework, ‘cathedral culture’, which not only facilitates our understanding of the activities undertaken and performed by the chapters and their members in the cathedral and its surrounding milieu, i.e. as agents of ecclesiastical tradition, but also this concept helps us to see the emergence of a specific culture out of a monastic, contemplative culture and closely related to a nascent scholastic, erudite culture. Katedralen var en av de mest centrala institutionerna i det medeltida samhället. Kring stiftets biskop samlades den kyrkliga makten och dåtidens elit, dygnet runt firades gudstjänster och här utbildades stiftets präster. En viktig roll för livet i och kring katedralen hade domkapitlet eller katedralkapitlet, dvs det organiserade prästerskap som betjänade domkyrkan och bistod biskopen.<br/><br/>I mitt avhandlingsprojekt, som är en sammanläggningsavhandling, fokuserar jag på framväxten av kapitelinstitutionerna i norr - från tidigaste spår av etablering och fortsatt utveckling under perioden, t.ex. vilka funktioner som kan identifieras över tid etc. Jag introducerar även ett nytt begrepp, katedralkultur (cathedral culture), där kapitlen och deras medlemmar aktivt tog emot, bevarade, förändrade och förmedlade kyrklig tradition i form av liturgi, teologi, helgonkult, kyrkorätt och bildning.<br/><br/>Min forskning visar att de skandinaviska katedralkapitlen från etableringsskedet till periodens slut följer den dåtida kyrkliga utvecklingen i stort. Trots ett geografiskt perifert läge utgjorde de skandinaviska katedralkapitlen, deras ledare och medlemmar en viktig och aktiv del i det samtida Danmark, Norden och Europa. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9ea784b9-cc25-4e4a-aca2-9df51d9d312c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7656475/Anna_Minara_Ciardi_e_spik.pdf application/pdf 588633 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2016-06 eng Canon Law canons cathedral cathedral chapter cathedral culture Church history cult of saints Denmark education episcopal election(s) legal history liturgy Lund Middle Ages monasticism Scandinavia textual transmission ecclesiastical tradition twelfth century Religious Studies 978-91-983171-1-4 176 2016-06-04T13:15:00+02:00 9ea784b9-cc25-4e4a-aca2-9df51d9d312c 2016-05-13T11:01:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-13T11:01:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:50262b16-522d-4691-9729-9e81a293cd70 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published the Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14 (former Getingevägen 60), Lund 1 Sanna Gustavsson author 549d2c0b-87fa-4fcb-819d-d0115d79ca18 Daniel Topgaard supervisor a97422ac-21cd-4ba6-b968-8521e5f98110 Stefan Ulvenlund supervisor Johan Reimer supervisor da2152ce-43a0-44a3-aeec-c2176a72c742 Professor Martin Malmsten opponent Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Sweden Physical Chemistry v1000657 department In the solid state, molecules are normally ordered in a specific structure. With time, and as a result of influence from the surroundings, solid materials can change their molecular and/or crystal structure and, as a consequence, obtain completely different properties. Water is particularly important in this respect. Adsorption of minuscule amounts of water from the atmosphere may have huge effects on the properties and stability of solid materials. For instance, in pharmaceutics this can lead to harmful consequences if an active substance, with a specific solid-state structure, suddenly changes due to interaction with adsorbed moisture. In processing and during storage, it is therefore important to have a detailed molecular understanding of the material properties and how they depend on water content. The primary aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of small amounts of adsorbed water on molecular structure and dynamics in complex materials. In this water-poor regime (loosely defined as &lt;5% of water), solid substances are normally investigated by means of X-ray scattering, gravimetric techniques and calorimetry. In the thesis, these conventional techniques are supplemented by solid-state NMR. This opens new possibilities to understand not only the structure, but also the dynamics of the materials. The complex materials investigated in the thesis belong to the two large substance classes of surfactants and polymers. These types of substances are used widely in everyday products, such as pharmaceutics, paper, textiles, cosmetics and hygiene products. The results in the thesis show that solid-state NMR can be used to construct the equilibrium phase diagram of surfactant systems, in this case tetradecylmaltoside/H_2O in the water-poor regime, and also to determine the regions of metastability of the non-equilibrium solid phases. The combination of solid-state NMR and X-ray scattering is a powerful tool to elucidate the structure and molecular dynamics of crystalline carbohydrates, exemplified by cyclodextrins, upon hydration. Similarly, solid-state NMR was used to extract information about molecular structure and dynamics in different stages of cellulose dissolution. The solid and dissolved cellulose was investigated in aqueous dissolution media together with cosolutes sodium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Another area of application of polymers is within renewable power energy where they are used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. As a way of optimizing the functionality we used NMR-based diffusometry to investigate transport behaviour as a function of polymer membrane structure, temperature and water content. Kolhydratsystem så som alkylglycosider, cellulosa och cyklodextrin är miljövänliga förnybara material som används inom många områden i dagens samhälle; som bärare av aktiva substanser i läkemedelstabletter, matsmältningsfiber, papper, kosmetika och hygienartiklar för att nämna några. De är fasta substanser uppbyggda av molekyler ordnade i en viss struktur. Med tiden, och eventuell yttre påverkan, som t ex. vattenupptag och temperaturförändringar, så kan dessa material ändra sin uppbyggnad och då få helt andra egenskaper. Små upptag av vatten från atmosfären kan leda till stora ändringar i funtionalitet och hållbarhet. Det är därför viktigt att ha detaljerad kunskap om hur molekylstrukturen påverkar dynamiken och stabiliteten samt funtionaliteten av en substans. <br/>Vanligtvis så karakteriserer man denna typ av "torra" system med ljusspridningsteknik (röntgen), gravimetriska tekniker (vägning) och kalorimetri (värmemängdsmätning). Kärnmagnetresonans (NMR) har på senare tid visat sig användbart när man studerar fasta material såväl som halvfasta (flytande kristallina) material. Med denna teknik kan man systematisk undersöka materialegenskaper i form av struktur och dynamik i specifika segment i molekylen som funktion av vattenhalt och temperatur. Det är även viktigt för att optimisera tillverkningsprocessen samt hålla ekonomiska kostnader nere.<br/>Polymerer används flitigt i dagens samhälle. Ett av de områdena är inom förnybar energi där man använder dem i bränsleceller. Bränsleceller är som ett batteri. De är uppbyggda av ett elektriskt ledande material som är placerat mellan två elektroder. Till skillnad från batterier så kräver bränsleceller ingen uppladdning eller något byte. De drivs så länge bränsle och oxidationsmedel tillförs (vanligen syre och väte) utifrån till elektroderna. Fördelen för miljön är att bränsleceller inte har någon förbränning. Däremot så är framställningen av bränslet (väte) inte föroreningsfri. Vi undersöker hur transporten av vatten relaterar till strukturen av polymer membranet och dess egenskaper. Eftersom vatten transporten är viktig för en bränslecells funktionalitet så undersöker vi även diffusionen vid olika vattenhalter och temperaturer för att kunna optimera bränslecellens egenskaper. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/50262b16-522d-4691-9729-9e81a293cd70 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7656552/Spikfil_G5_Sanna_G_endast_kappan.pdf application/pdf 8254120 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry 2016 eng Hydration cellulose dissolution sugar surfactant hydrated crystals structure dynamics phase diagram fuel cell pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) spin-echo NMR Polarization Transfer solid state NMR PXRD GVS TGA amphiphilic Physical Chemistry (including Surface- and Colloid Chemistry) 978-91-7422-449-8 94 2016-06-10 9:00:00 50262b16-522d-4691-9729-9e81a293cd70 2016-05-13T11:11:48+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-13T11:11:48+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ff118023-d849-4f1c-b9f6-c0f3e5f6ec26 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14 (former Getingevägen 60), Lund 1 Emelie Nilsson author 0afaf4be-c3a9-4a08-adb1-9cf794e62ce4 Viveka Alfredsson supervisor 89b76456-3570-4364-a926-7f71f0b2b4dd Olle Söderman supervisor ff0648c2-11ae-4620-ab74-3f4237da3101 Sven Lidin supervisor f168024b-7e7a-40ac-a7f1-6bf9b221282a Professor Ferdi Schüth opponent Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlen-forschung, Mülheim, Germany Physical Chemistry v1000657 department The formation process of porous silica materials is an intricate process, involving a number of components that interact to form a highly organized material. Both zeolites and mesoporous silica materials typically require the presence of organic structure director agents (SDAs) around which the silica network polymerizes. For zeolites the SDAs are molecular and for mesoporous silica the SDAs assemble into aggregates, i.e. micelles. The aim of this thesis is to further the understanding of the initial stages of the formation of porous silica materials. This has been done by investigating aqueous model systems of components critical for the formation of porous silica materials using neutron scattering coupled with empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) to arrive at atomistic descriptions of the systems. The systems are based on aqueous solutions of single components under different conditions as well as a system in which two components are mixed and allowed to interact. Molecular SDAs, tetramethylammonium bromide and tetrapropylammonium bromide respectively, were found to have different association behavior; small clusters of tetrapropylammonium ions were formed whereas tetramethylammonium only formed pairs. Micellar SDA aggregates of decyltrimethylammonium ions with different counterions reveal a strong dependence on the identity of the counterions. The effect of the counterions appears to originate from a subtle balance between electrostatic interactions and ion-specific effects.<br/> <br/> A model system for oligomeric silica species was evaluated. The system is based on cubic silsesquioxane. 29Si-NMR was used to identify and quantify the silica species that occur in solution. The silica species reveal a high dependence on additives in solution, which can stabilise the cubic silica molecule. Finally the silica model was probed in the presence of decyltrimethylammonium ions in order to probe interactions that occur in the early stages of the synthesis of MCM-41. The silica species show little affinity for the micelle surface, even though being negatively charged, however their presence in the system greatly decrease the size of the micelles compared to those in a pure aqueous solution. Kisel är ett vanligt förekommande grundämne som gärna bildar en oxid, nämligen kiseldioxid. Kiseldioxid träffar man i hög utsträckning på i det dagliga livet. Det är nämligen huvudbeståndsdelen i sand, glasvaror, kvarts, många keramiska material men också i den färgskiftande ädelstenen opal. Det finns också flera grupper av porösa kiseldioxidmaterial, till exempel så kallade zeoliter som har mycket små porer och så kallade mesoporösa material med något större porer. Zeoliter träffar man ofta på i tvättmedel där de fungerar som jonbytare och gör hårt vatten mjukt. Zeoliter används också som katalysatorer och absorptionsmaterial. Mesoporösa material kan användas för bland annat sortering av molekyler, eller som läkemedelsbärare då porstorleken och dess struktur kan påverka tiden för läkemedelsutsöndring. <br/><br/>För att kunna anpassa dessa material efter det ständigt ökande kravet på nya applikationer, hade det varit önskvärt att kunna kartlägga bildandet av dessa ämnen. Hade vi haft total förståelse för hur dessa material bildas så hade vi kunnat, mycket enklare, designa materialen utifrån efterfrågan på deras egenskaper. <br/><br/>Den här studien har syftat på att försöka förstå hur porösa kiseldioxid material byggs upp; hur de olika byggstenarna sätts samman och hur de påverkar varandra. Modelsystem är därför skapat för att likna materialens syntes, men som är förenklade och innehåller bara ett fåtal komponenter. Själva reaktionen går fort och i modellsystemen är det som om vi "stannat tiden" för att få en ögonblicksbild av synteslösningen. Modelleringen, av dessa system, ger oss många ögonblicksbilder vilket ger en översikt av var molekylerna finns i lösning. Med denna förståelse för molekylerna och deras beteende kan vi förhoppningsvis "styra" dears beteende och bli bättre på att designa materialen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ff118023-d849-4f1c-b9f6-c0f3e5f6ec26 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7656647/Spik_Emelie_exkl_papers.pdf application/pdf 9349901 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry 2016 eng porous silica struture directing agents 29Si-NMR neutron scattering empirical potentail structure refinement micelles Physical Chemistry (including Surface- and Colloid Chemistry) 978-91-7422-452-8 978-91-7422-453-5 146 2016-06-13T10:00:00+02:00 ff118023-d849-4f1c-b9f6-c0f3e5f6ec26 2016-05-13T11:19:34+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-13T11:19:34+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e0b47816-a333-4d3b-a7bc-f58cfd5b13af 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 16, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Tongchang Zhou author 3b83a493-67d3-4b9c-a48a-075a7c456758 Lei Ye supervisor fba6198a-6801-411b-a06e-0af959ddbb8b Professor Meiping Zhao opponent Peking University, China Pure and Applied Biochemistry v1000655 department Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial receptors designed for the selective recognition of template molecules. These polymers have been applied in analytical separations, as chemical sensors and in drug delivery system due to their low cost and high stability. In recent years MIP beads, especially those with good selectivity in aqueous solution, have become attractive as they can be potentially used as selective adsorbents for the solid phase extraction (SPE) and chromatographic separation of various target molecules.<br/>The aim of this thesis was to investigate and improve the synthetic methods for the preparation of MIP beads, especially those that can be used in aqueous solution. In the first section, Pickering emulsion is utilized to synthesize water-compatible MIP beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology and surface structure of the particles. As water-soluble monomers were employed during the imprinting process, the MIP beads had a hydrophilic surface and showed high compatibility with aqueous<br/>conditions. Additionally, the MIP beads exhibit high selectivity and specificity to template in aqueous solution. Both organic compounds and macromolecules were used as templates separately and MIP beads with specific binding<br/>sites were successfully obtained. The method developed in this thesis has a general applicability and offers a potential approach to synthesize polymer beads for bioseparation and wastewater treatments.<br/>Another focus of this thesis was the preparation of multifunctional materials based on MIP beads for the purpose of different applications. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) precipitation polymerization was<br/>used to prepare monodisperse beads with RAFT reagents located on their surfaces, which allowed for the straightforward grafting of polymer brushes, or can be converted into new functional groups for further modification. The specific molecular recognition of the beads was not sacrificed during the aminolysis process, and different functionalities were introduced to the MIP beads under mild conditions. The thiol groups introduced onto the MIP surface allowed the MIP beads to be immobilized on a gold-coated substrate, such that these MIP based sensing surfaces were used for the detection of nicotine by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).<br/>The Pickering emulsion systems provide an efficient method with which to prepare water-compatible MIP beads that have high selectivity under aqueous conditions. Further functional materials and new applications can be<br/>expected upon the combination of Pickering emulsion systems with more controllable synthetic chemistry. The RAFT polymerization method, in particular, has a general applicability and introduces new possibilities for the development of other functional materials and devices. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e0b47816-a333-4d3b-a7bc-f58cfd5b13af https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7669271/Molecularly_Imprinted_Polymer_Beads.pdf application/pdf 2479262 no Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden. 2016-05-13 eng Molecularly imprinted polymer beads, Pickering emulsion, RAFT, water-compatible Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-456-6 68 2016-06-20T09:15:00+02:00 e0b47816-a333-4d3b-a7bc-f58cfd5b13af 2016-05-13T16:19:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-13T16:19:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e4e6b7d0-d8f4-4e61-bc04-02b493115c61 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Jonas Engqvist author a71a76e1-011f-4e0e-a351-4c889c51b0f5 Solid Mechanics v1000231 department This thesis presents experimental investigation and modelling of the mechanical response of glassy polycarbonate (PC) during deformation. The mechanical response is studied experimentally over a wide range of length-scales using X-ray scattering techniques and optical full-field deformation measurement by Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Results from the experimental work have been used to develop an elasto-viscoplastic model for glassy polymers. The thesis includes an introductory section on glassy polymers, aspects of the experimental procedures and a summary of the key aspects of the constitutive modelling, and four papers.<br/><br/>An experimental method combining X-ray scattering, full-field DIC and tensile loading has been developed and used within this thesis. Details about the experimental method are presented in Paper A. By combining the, individually well established, experimental techniques, the deformation of a material can be studied simultaneously over a wide range of length-scales, from the macroscopic response down to the behaviour of the molecular structure. Results from experiments performed using the developed method are also presented in Paper B. Novel observations of the deformation and reorientation of the microstructure of glassy PC are presented and related to relevant local macroscopic measures of deformation.<br/><br/>The experimental results presented in Paper B have been used to develop a constitutive model for glassy polymers in Paper C. A separate microstructural deformation gradient is introduced to model the deformation of the polymer network. Moreover, the reorientation of the microstructure, shown in Paper B, is introduced by an evolution of the directions of the network chains. By incorporating the evolving reorientation and the deformation of the microstructure shown by the experiments, the model is able to capture the deformation at the macroscopic, the mesoscopic and the microscopic levels. <br/><br/>In Paper D, the mechanical behaviour of glassy PC is studied using biaxial tension loading and DIC. The experiments performed in Paper D show a significant influence of the multi-axial loading on the localisation behaviour. It is also found that the commonly used quadratic form of the elastic free energy results in a too stiff initial response during biaxial loading. To this end, a new format for the volumetric part of the elastic free energy is proposed which results in a softer response with increasing volumetric deformation. The proposed format also improves the ability to capture the non-linear, pre-peak behaviour exhibited by PC.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e4e6b7d0-d8f4-4e61-bc04-02b493115c61 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7668946/Mechanical_behaviour_of_glassy_polymers_experiments_and_modelling.pdf application/pdf 25868889 no Division of Solid Mechanics 2016 eng Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-816-5 978-91-7623-817-2 134 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7669506/Popular_Mechanical_behaviour_of_glassy_polymers_experiments_and_modelling.pdf application/pdf 2016-06-10 10.15 M:E, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering, LTH Opponent: Associate professor Amine Benzerga, Texas A & M University, USA e4e6b7d0-d8f4-4e61-bc04-02b493115c61 2016-05-16T08:52:23+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-16T08:52:23+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4e7bc24d-6e90-46e9-bb6d-2b948a4d4535 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall C, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 MARIA PICULELL author ad1d0c8c-30f5-4b8d-b5ee-41c37911f28f Karin Jönsson supervisor e7cd5416-7498-4b07-b192-c57c2fb5e587 Thomas Welander supervisor Professor Jürg Keller opponent University of Queensland, Australia Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a biological wastewater treatment process in which microorganisms grow as biofilms on suspended carriers. Conventionally, MBBRs are mainly designed and optimized based on the carrier surface area, neglecting the dynamic relationship between carrier design, reactor operation and biofilm characteristics, such as biofilm thickness and the composition of the microbial community. The purpose of this research project was to learn more about the roles of the biofilm carriers in the MBBR process, with the intention to improve process performance and develop new MBBR applications. In doing so, the MBBR performance was evaluated in several lab studies, considering different aspects such as carrier design and operational strategies. A new carrier type, the Z-carrier, was developed, with which it was possible to control the biofilm thickness in the MBBR. Hence, the Z-carrier enabled the evaluation of having different, pre-defined biofilm thicknesses in the MBBR process, something that has not previously been achievable. This thesis shows that biofilm thickness control can be used to ensure a more stable process performance as well as to avoid carrier clogging and minimize issues with biofilm scaling that may have detrimental effects on the MBBR performance. It was also shown that the microbiology in biofilms can be altered by biofilm thickness control. Based on these findings, a novel process configuration was developed, showing that successful nitritation of mainstream municipal wastewater could be achieved when combining thin, controlled biofilms with a periodic exposure of the biofilm to reject water from sludge dewatering. Finally, the role of suspended biomass in the MBBR was evaluated in relation to carrier surface area, HRT and loading rate, showing that the suspended biomass can have a considerable effect on the overall process performance, and that the design of MBBRs should not always be solely based on biofilm surface area. For future studies, the potential of using biofilm thickness as a control parameter for the MBBR should be investigated further, especially for specific microbial applications such as nitritation and anammox, and the importance of suspended biomass in the MBBR should be studied in relation to the settling characteristics of the excess sludge. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4e7bc24d-6e90-46e9-bb6d-2b948a4d4535 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7673290/Maria_Piculell_Webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 5971864 no Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2016 eng biofilm control biofilm thickness biological wastewater treatment carrier moving bed biofilm reactor nitrification nitritation organic removal process optimization scaling suspended growth Water Treatment Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-442-9 978-91-7422-445-0 196 2016-06-10T13:00:00+02:00 4e7bc24d-6e90-46e9-bb6d-2b948a4d4535 2016-05-16T15:58:31+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-16T15:58:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:278b86ef-6b4e-4f32-a7bf-32a282a0f56a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Johan Nilsson author 65c5cb21-8fc6-4791-adb7-251d6feb5795 Per Erik Austrell supervisor b27053bb-78cf-4174-85e8-5d2fdb63101f Structural Mechanics v1000228 department Acoustic fatigue can occur in structural elements of an aircraft exposed to very high sound pressures. To deal with acoustic fatigue, mainly empirical methods have been applied and often late in the design phase. Current design guidelines have three main limitations. First, they do not say anything about the load intensities. The load levels can be determined either experimentally or numerically. Experimental testing tends to be expensive and time consuming. It is also desired to deal with acoustic fatigue early in the design phase. Therefore, it is desired to turn to numerical methods to determine the load levels. Second, the design guidelines assume that the spatial distribution of the load is uniform. In other words, the load is assumed to be perfectly in phase over the entire structural element. This assumption limits the accuracy of the response prediction and by extension the fatigue prediction. Third, the design guidelines are limited to a simple, single surface panel with linear response.<br> <br> In this thesis, both the load and response prediction are performed by numerical methods. The load is determined using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). From the CFD simulations, both the load intensities and the spatial distributions are extracted. This solves the first and second mentioned limitations. The extracted load is used as force input to a Finite Element (FE) simulation of the exposed panel structure. Since complex structures and non-linearities can be handled using the FE-method, it avoids the third mentioned limitation.<br> <br> Two cases of separated flow are used as model problems for acoustic fatigue in this thesis. In both model problems, the simulations are compared to existing measurements. In Paper A, a ramped backward-facing step is used. The flow over the step induces a load on an aluminium sheet fitted downstream of the step. With the exception of the cut-off, or shedding mode, frequency being overpredicted, the spectral qualities of the load and the load intensities are well captured. The panel response prediction compares reasonably well with the existing measurements. In Paper B, a reduction in a range of low frequencies of the downstream load is observed when the ramped backward-facing step is lined with chevrons or serrations. <br> <br> <br> The model problem used in Papers C-E is flow over an inclined fence at transonic Mach number and realistic Reynolds number for aircraft operation. A segment with cyclic boundary conditions of the flow setup is simulated in Paper C. This result in well predicted cross-spectra, but an energy concentration in the auto-spectra is not properly resolved. In Paper D, a full three-dimensional simulation of the entire setup is performed and it is concluded that the missing energy concentration in the auto-spectra is properly captured. In Paper E, the response of a realistic aircraft panel structure is simulated using FE random response analysis with the CFD-simulated load as input. The response is found to be sensitive to the cross-spectra of the input load. The strain predictions vary with strain gauge location. However, only one strain gauge is off by more than a factor of two, which appears to be the best one can hope for when using the design guidelines in favourable conditions and with a measured load. Therefore, the main conclusion of this thesis is that the method of using CFD to calculate the load which is to be used as input to an FE response simulation can produce useful results for acoustic fatigue. Acoustic fatigue can occur in structural elements of an aircraft exposed to very high sound pressures. To deal with acoustic fatigue, mainly empirical methods have been applied and often late in the design phase. Current design guidelines have three main limitations. First, they do not say anything about the load intensities. The load levels can be determined either experimentally or numerically. Experimental testing tends to be expensive and time consuming. It is also desired to deal with acoustic fatigue early in the design phase. Therefore, it is desired to turn to numerical methods to determine the load levels. Second, the design guidelines assume that the spatial distribution of the load is uniform. In other words, the load is assumed to be perfectly in phase over the entire structural element. This assumption limits the accuracy of the response prediction and by extension the fatigue prediction. Third, the design guidelines are limited to a simple, single surface panel with linear response.<br/><br/>In this thesis, both the load and response prediction are performed by numerical methods. The load is determined using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). From the CFD simulations, both the load intensities and the spatial distributions are extracted. This solves the first and second mentioned limitations. The extracted load is used as force input to a Finite Element (FE) simulation of the exposed panel structure. Since complex structures and non-linearities can be handled using the FE-method, it avoids the third mentioned limitation.<br/><br/>Two cases of separated flow are used as model problems for acoustic fatigue in this thesis. In both model problems, the simulations are compared to existing measurements. In Paper A, a ramped backward-facing step is used. The flow over the step induces a load on an aluminium sheet fitted downstream of the step. With the exception of the cut-off, or shedding mode, frequency being overpredicted, the spectral qualities of the load and the load intensities are well captured. The panel response prediction compares reasonably well with the existing measurements. In Paper B, a reduction in a range of low frequencies of the downstream load is observed when the ramped backward-facing step is lined with chevrons or serrations. <br/><br/><br/>The model problem used in Papers C-E is flow over an inclined fence at transonic Mach number and realistic Reynolds number for aircraft operation. A segment with cyclic boundary conditions of the flow setup is simulated in Paper C. This result in well predicted cross-spectra, but an energy concentration in the auto-spectra is not properly resolved. In Paper D, a full three-dimensional simulation of the entire setup is performed and it is concluded that the missing energy concentration in the auto-spectra is properly captured. In Paper E, the response of a realistic aircraft panel structure is simulated using FE random response analysis with the CFD-simulated load as input. The response is found to be sensitive to the cross-spectra of the input load. The strain predictions vary with strain gauge location. However, only one strain gauge is off by more than a factor of two, which appears to be the best one can hope for when using the design guidelines in favourable conditions and with a measured load. Therefore, the main conclusion of this thesis is that the method of using CFD to calculate the load which is to be used as input to an FE response simulation can produce useful results for acoustic fatigue. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/278b86ef-6b4e-4f32-a7bf-32a282a0f56a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7692308/JohanNilssonAvhandlingOnline.pdf application/pdf 10095676 no Structural Mechanics, Lund University 2016-05-18 eng Acoustic fatigue Sonic fatigue Computational Fluid Dynamics Large Eddy Simulation Finite Element Method Random response analysis Separated flow High Re Backward-facing step Fence flow Aircraft Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Acoustic fatigue Sonic fatigue Computational Fluid Dynamics Large Eddy Simulation Finite Element Method Random response analysis Separated flow High Re Backward-facing step Fence flow Aircraft Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering Fluid Mechanics 978-91-7623-786-1 978-91-7623-787-8 2016-06-13 10.15 A:B, A-building, Sölvegatan 24, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH. Opponent: Professor Gunilla Efraimsson, KTH, Stockholm 278b86ef-6b4e-4f32-a7bf-32a282a0f56a 2016-05-17T16:12:31+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-17T16:12:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:93391f2e-75b6-4d90-a5a4-6323e83e763d 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Anna Edlund author ba63a92b-87d6-455a-bba4-9d9d232e9844 Lena Eliasson supervisor ce323f22-e03e-40cf-a37a-8ad9dd035fdd Anna Wendt supervisor 03cd661e-8d6b-4899-9d3b-8149fe735fe0 Malin Flodström-Tullberg supervisor professor Ivana Novak opponent University of Copenhagen, Denmark Diabetes - Islet Cell Exocytosis v1000493 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Diabetes - Islet Cell Exocytosis research group Abstract<br/><br/>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the anion channel and protein regulator CFTR. The most common co-morbidity in CF is CF-related diabetes (CFRD) affecting ~50% of adult patients. The etiopathology of CFRD is largely unknown but the destruction of the exocrine pancreas is thought to contribute. However, the hypothesis that CFTR has a direct role in the endocrine pancreas has not been explored. In this thesis I have investigated if CFTR have a direct function in insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion. Experiments were performed on islets and single cells from NMRI mice and the CFTRTM1Eur mouse model (F508del) that carries the most common human mutation in CFTR, the deletion of a phenylalanine at position 508. <br/><br/>We found CFTR to be present in human and mouse alpha and beta cells but not in delta cells. A CFTR-dependent Cl- current was recorded in alpha- and beta-cells. In beta cells, a large part of the CFTR-dependent current was mediated by the Ca2+-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), and we suggested that CFTR most likely regulates ANO1 in beta cells. In human and mouse islets inhibition of CFTR or ANO1 reduced cAMP-enhanced insulin secretion by direct effects on exocytosis. In addition, ANO1 transcripts were found to be upregulated in islets from type 2 diabetic (T2D) donors. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that beta cells from the F508del CF mouse model or in NMRI mice after pharmacological inhibition of CFTR have reduced number of docked granules. CFTR also co-localizes to the SNARE protein Syntaxin 1A and places CFTR in the exocytotic machinery. Moreover, isolated islets from F508del mice have an increased proinsulin secretion and correspondingly decrease in release of c-peptide. This was especially evident during cAMP stimulation when CFTR is activated. Based on these findings we propose a model where CFTR is involved in granular priming and maturation of insulin. Cl- ions are believed to be necessary to lower the pH to levels needed for cleavage of proinsulin to insulin and c-peptide. <br/><br/>Glucagon secretion is dysregulated in diabetes. We found that inhibition of CFTR increased glucagon secretion in isolated islets from human and mouse. Mathematical modelling of alpha cell physiology revealed that the CFTR-dependent current was involved in the regulation of alpha cell electrical activity. Moreover, the F508del mice had increased serum glucagon and isolated F508del islets had increased glucagon secretion. Inhibition of ANO1 in islets from T2D donors enhanced glucagon secretion while having no effect on islets from normal glucose tolerant donors, further supporting the regulatory role of Cl- in glucagon secretion.<br/><br/>The novel data presented in this thesis suggests that CFTR regulates human and mouse beta cells by direct effects on exocytosis of the insulin granule. A defective CFTR increases secretion of immature proinsulin. Furthermore, CFTR negatively regulates glucagon secretion by direct effects on electrical activity and thereby CFTR works as a break in alpha cells.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/93391f2e-75b6-4d90-a5a4-6323e83e763d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7703395/CFTR_in_pancreatic_islets_final.pdf application/pdf 993597 no 150 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng CFTR, CF, CFRD, Cystic fibrosis, Cystisk fibros, Diabetes, Insulin, Beta cell, Glukagon, Glucagon, Alpha cell, Alfa-cell, Anoctamin, ANO1, ANO Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-300-6 69 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7703393/Paper_1.pdf application/pdf 2016-06-10T09:15:00+02:00 In this thesis I have investigated the presence and function of CFTR in pancreatic islets. We show that CFTR directly regulates insulin and glucagon secretion in human and mice islets of Langerhans. 93391f2e-75b6-4d90-a5a4-6323e83e763d 2016-05-18T15:07:41+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z 2016-05-18T15:07:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:74ec3400-1d98-46b4-954b-d2c74cafb1ee 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 MARTIN SALÖ author a4f2ab68-42cf-45c9-b11f-787790a324f4 Einar Arnbjörnsson supervisor 3d4ad06c-e03c-43cb-a44c-c9aef3320f0d Bodil Ohlsson supervisor 5509be42-6397-40a8-a1e3-845d192e15ef Pernilla Stenström supervisor 5a9ac7d5-f299-4164-989e-5cf8ea5e8ac0 text without newline or tabs Gabriel Sandblom opponent Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Paediatrics (Lund) v1000473 department Background: Appendicitis is the most common disease requiring abdominal surgery in children. However, the diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis is still a challenge, resulting in perforation and negative appendectomies, especially in girls and young children. Further, the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis is not known. Aim: To examine acute appendicitis in children in the aspects of evaluation of the utility of the pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) in young children and evaluate factors responsible for the late diagnosis in this age group, gender differences, surgical techniques, urinary biomarkers, and the microbiome’s role in the pathogenesis. Results: Young children had lower PAS despite more severe appendicitis. Parent’s and doctor’s delay, and diffuseness in patient history, symptoms, and abdominal examination, contributed to the late diagnosis in this age group. Gender differences were found, especially that preoperative imaging, negative appendectomies and operative complications were more common in girls. Two-trocar laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) resulted in shorter surgery time and fewer scars compared to conventional LA, and the rate of wound infection was low. Leucine-rich -2-glycoprotein (LRG) was elevated in children with appendicitis compared to children without, higher in complicated appendicitis compared to phlegmonous appendicitis, had a ROC AUC 0.86, and an OR for appendicitis of 8.4. LRG in conjunction with PAS showed 95% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 91% PPV, and 95% NPV. Fusobacterium increased and Bacteroides decreased in phlegmonous- and perforated appendicitis but not significantly, and this pattern was not seen in gangrenous appendicitis. No relation could be seen between different bacteria and the degree of inflammation, and there was a wide variation of abundances at phylum, genus and species level within each specific group of patients. Conclusion: PAS should be used with caution in children &lt; 4 years. Diffuse symptoms in younger children lead to delay and to later diagnosis and more complicated appendicitis. There are gender differences in pediatric appendicitis regarding misdiagnosis, severity of appendicitis, and surgical complications. Two-trocar LA is a safe and quick technique with a low rate of postoperative wound infections. LRG is a promising novel urinary biomarker for appendicitis in children. In most cases of appendicitis, a specific bacteria does not seem to be the primary event. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/74ec3400-1d98-46b4-954b-d2c74cafb1ee https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7705851/AVHANDLING_Martin_SAL_.pdf application/pdf 6864139 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Surgery Pediatrics Microbiology in the Medical Area Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) 978-91-7619-283-2 101 2016-05-14T10:00:00+02:00 74ec3400-1d98-46b4-954b-d2c74cafb1ee 2016-05-18T21:16:37+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z 2016-05-18T21:16:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a0e0e46e-754d-41c3-919e-852021c47b8f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall K:B at the Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Hans-Kristian Knutson author 49bf025b-c9c8-4aac-9a45-6f8b641999bc Bernt Nilsson supervisor fc637d52-2533-4d07-adf5-2fd5c10752bb Professor José Paulo Mota opponent Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department Rare earth elements comprise the metallic elements known as lanthanides as well as scandium and yttrium. They are extensively used in modern technological industries and are considered as strategic commodities in many countries. Rare earth element minerals with varying compositions are found at deposits throughout the world, though most of the global REE supply comes from only a few sources. The current industry standard is to employ liquid-liquid extraction methods to separate the elements and upgrade them to suitable purity levels for commercial applications. Chromatography has historically mainly been used as a final purification method, but it is developing to become an alternative separation method with benefits such as achieving higher purity levels, reducing the number of separation steps and utilizing less extractants compared to liquid-liquid extraction. This study is intended as a contribution to the work of developing chromatography as a rare earth element separation method, and focuses on optimization of chromatographic separation on a preparative scale. This has been done through experimental work, and to a large extent by applying optimization methods in conjunction with experimentally validated mathematical chromatography models.<br/>In the experimental optimization work, an overloaded one-step separation of the rare earth elements samarium, europiumand gadolinium was accomplished through preparative ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographywith an bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid impregnated column and nitric acid as eluent. The main focus was to optimize the productivity rate, subject to a yield requirement of 80% and a purity requirement of 99% for each element, by varying the flow rate and batch load size. The optimal productivity<br/>rate was found to be 1.32 kg samarium/(m3 column,h), 0.38 kg europium/(m3 column,h) and 0.81 kg gadolinium/(m3 column,h).<br/>The model based optimizations have involved the separation of europium from a mixture of the middle rare earth elements samarium, europium and gadolinium as well as the separation of thulium from a heavy rare earth element mixture containing most of the elements. The results from the thulium batch separation showed that a productivity ranging between 0.1-0.45 kg/(m3 column,h) for yields between 73-99% can be expected under a purity constraint of 99%. The findings from the europium batch separation optimization were<br/>used to provide with a general strategy for achieving desirable operation points, resulting in a productivity ranging between 0.61−0.75 kg europium/(m3 column,h) and a pool concentration between 0.52−0.79 kg europium/m3, while maintaining a purity above 99% and never falling below an 80% yield for the target component. <br/>In addition to this, a comparative study indicated that the performance of the batch separations can be improved by employing continuous multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification chromatography due to its nature of being a continuous process and its ability to lower the solvent consumption through internal recycling.<br/>Finally, the impact of process disturbances was investigated for the europium batch separation process in conjunction with a robust optimization study. The results from the robust optimization were used to chart the required operation point changes for keeping the amount of failed batches at an acceptable level when a certain level of process disturbance was introduced. It was found that the process is very sensitive towards disturbances and a productivity loss in the range of 10-20% can be expected when accounting for robustness. Rare earth elements comprise the metallic elements known as lanthanides as well as scandium and yttrium. They are extensively used in modern technological industries and are considered as strategic commodities in many countries. Rare earth element minerals with varying compositions are found at deposits throughout the world, though most of the global REE supply comes from only a few sources. The current industry standard is to employ liquid-liquid extraction methods to separate the elements and upgrade them to suitable purity levels for commercial applications. Chromatography has historically mainly been used as a final purification method, but it is developing to become an alternative separation method with benefits such as achieving higher purity levels, reducing the number of separation steps and utilizing less extractants compared to liquid-liquid extraction. This study is intended as a contribution to the work of developing chromatography as a rare earth element separation method, and focuses on optimization of chromatographic separation on a preparative scale. This has been done through experimental work, and to a large extent by applying optimization methods in conjunction with experimentally validated mathematical chromatography models.<br/>In the experimental optimization work, an overloaded one-step separation of the rare earth elements samarium, europiumand gadolinium was accomplished through preparative ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographywith an bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid impregnated column and nitric acid as eluent. The main focus was to optimize the productivity rate, subject to a yield requirement of 80% and a purity requirement of 99% for each element, by varying the flow rate and batch load size. The optimal productivity rate was found to be 1.32 kg samarium/(m3 column,h), 0.38 kg europium/(m3 column,h) and 0.81 kg gadolinium/(m3 column,h).<br/>The model based optimizations have involved the separation of europium from a mixture of the middle rare earth elements samarium, europium and gadolinium as well as the separation of thulium from a heavy rare earth element mixture containing most of the elements. The results from the thulium batch separation showed that a productivity ranging between 0.1-0.45 kg/(m3 column,h) for yields between 73-99% can be expected under a purity constraint of 99%. <br/>The findings from the europium batch separation optimization were used to provide with a general strategy for achieving desirable operation points, resulting in a productivity ranging between 0.61−0.75 kg europium/(m3 column,h) and a pool concentration between 0.52−0.79 kg europium/m3, while maintaining a purity above 99% and never falling below an 80% yield for the target component. <br/>In addition to this, a comparative study indicated that the performance of the batch separations can be improved by employing continuous multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification chromatography due to its nature of being a continuous process and its ability to lower the solvent consumption through internal recycling.<br/>Finally, the impact of process disturbances was investigated for the europium batch separation process in conjunction with a robust optimization study. The results from the robust optimization were used to chart the required operation point changes for keeping the amount of failed batches at an acceptable level when a certain level of process disturbance was introduced. It was found that the process is very sensitive towards disturbances and a productivity loss in the range of 10-20% can be expected when accounting for robustness. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a0e0e46e-754d-41c3-919e-852021c47b8f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7726935/Thesis_Hans_Kristian_Knutson_spikfil_utan_papers.pdf application/pdf 25358122 no 200 Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2016-06-03 eng Chromatography Rare earth elements Modeling Multi-objective optimization Robust optimization Chromatography Rare earth elements Modeling Multi-objective optimization Robust optimization Chemical Engineering 978-91-7422-447-4 978-91-7422-448-1 128 2016-09-02T10:00:00+02:00 This academic thesis which, by due permission of the Faculty of Engineering of Lund University will be publicly defended on 2nd september at 10 am in Lecture hall K:B at the Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering. The faculty opponent is Professor José Paulo Mota, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. a0e0e46e-754d-41c3-919e-852021c47b8f 2016-05-19T13:54:46+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-19T13:54:46+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:74ef70c8-4d1b-4a9e-a332-49d32247fd65 2026-03-22T19:34:58Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published sal COE11, Niagara, Nordenskiöldsgatan 1, Malmö 1 Birgitta Nordén author e4ad1a02-945b-4a9c-893d-08ff8d862e35 Elsie Anderberg supervisor Kerstin Sonesson supervisor Alan Reid supervisor Professor Gerd Michelsen opponent Leuphana University of Lüneburg Faculty of Social Sciences v1000670 department The overall aim of this thesis is to develop knowledge of teaching and learning sustainable development in global–local contexts. The research field is global learning for sustainable development (GLSD). Phenomenographic approach and contextual analysis were used as methods of analysis, and data was collected by Semi-structured interviews at secondary and upper secondary schools in Sweden.<br/>In Study I, a strategic and systematic literature review was conducted of recent trends and critique to the dominating rhetoric on policy level concerning global education and global learning on sustainability issues. The complexity represented in GLSD is of global interest to face current challenges. The global–local context and the process for global learning were characterised by the learner´s perspective and self-efficacy. The variation of ways in which contextual features were revealed, affected how participants experienced their own learning global learning space. <br/>In Study II, empirical investigations were conducted on students´, teachers´, and head teachers´ conceptions of implementation of GLSD. Results indicate that critical knowledge capabilities were needed to act towards sustainability globally. Critical knowledge capabilities developed in the processes were to take command and collaborate as a team. Capabilities that were identified as necessary but which had not been sufficiently developed were to be prepared, act in a transdisciplinary manner and lead for holistic understanding in the learning process. Critical knowledge capabilities to handle complex knowledge were characterised by volition, self-directed learning, and knowledge formation.<br/>In Study III, a re-analysis was conducted of the data from Study II. The results shed light on pertinent transition skills in GLSD: (I) transdisciplinary action via knowledge formation in actual practices, (II) democratic collaborative action via processes of understanding, respectively (III) self-directed learning and independent initiative. These transition skills, enabling young people to be prepared for unpredictable changes, were perceived as key features in developing young people's capability in an uncertain world. They developed worldview understanding, and advanced transformation competencies including critical reflections upon questions of current normativity.<br/>In Study IV, collaborative and transdisciplinary teaching with a global–local perspective was investigated in a study with teachers committed to global learning and sustainable development at an upper secondary school. Two main transdisciplinary teaching approaches of GLSD were distinguished: Contributing: Assist and Take Part respectively Ownership: Possess and Reconceptualise. The contributing approach was divided into the sub-categories: (I) Disheartened, (II) Supportive, and (III) Complementing teaching approaches; while the ownership approach comprised (IV) Decisive, and (V) Multi-dimensional teaching approaches. <br/>Various dimensions of the results appeared to be relevant for sustainability teaching and learning in global–local contexts, when connections between the studies were analysed in relation to the context and the overarching aims of the thesis. Through transdisciplinary teaching deep approaches to learning can be developed and global teaching for sustainable development (GTSD) could be advanced. Individual and collaborative learning characterised by self-determination, responsibility, and social readiness leading to action emerged as key aspects<br/>At a global–local level, there is a growing need to develop competencies and capabilities for transitions towards sustainability. Conflicts and climate change are drastically increasing the number of displaced people who need transnational education on proactive preventive strategies, as well as develop to critical knowledge capabilities that can be useful across numerous contexts and in the face of changing circumstances. Increasingly, also young people need to manage their own learning processes in self-directed learning, regardless of where they are physically or may move in their lifetimes. As established social structures struggle to address global challenges, people across the planet need to be able to organise themselves and to take initiatives. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/74ef70c8-4d1b-4a9e-a332-49d32247fd65 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7713439/Learning_and_teaching_Norden.pdf application/pdf 4703184 no Lund University 2016 eng Contextual Analysis Critical Knowledge Capabilities Deep Approaches to Learning Deep Approaches to Teaching Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Environmental and Sustainabilty Education Research (ESER) Global Classrooms Global Learning Global Learning for Sustainable Development (GLSD) Global-Local Contexts Phenomenography Sustainable Development Teaching Approaches Transdisciplinary Teaching Transitions Pedagogy 978-91-7104-625-3 978-91-7104-626-0 84982295555 240 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84982295555 2016-06-03T13:15:00+02:00 74ef70c8-4d1b-4a9e-a332-49d32247fd65 2016-05-19T14:03:37+02:00 2026-03-22T19:34:58Z 2016-05-19T14:03:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7ead6efe-3826-45df-a197-1a87eac0814f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14 (former Getingevägen 60), Lund 1 Solmaz Bayati author 73c1f44b-7299-405f-b0cf-a64b084f6cad Karin Schillén supervisor 48feb5c8-3418-4a47-b3d9-3e19f2114bec Tommy Nylander supervisor fbd2bd81-813e-4c7f-9e21-c80d6044d4a0 Professor Kell Mortensen opponent Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Physical Chemistry v1000657 department This thesis incorporates studies on the aqueous systems of two types of thermoresponsive amphiphilic block copolymers; a series of nonionic triblock copolymers comprising blocks of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) denoted as PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers, and a series of ionic diblock copolymers consisting of one charged block and one block of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM). Various techniques, such as dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS), small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HSDSC), turbidimetry, electrophoretic mobility measurements, and two-dimensional proton NMR nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D 1H NMR NOESY), were applied to study these block copolymer systems.<br/><br/>In the first part of the thesis, the influence of a bile salt, sodium glycodeoxycholate (NaGDC), on the self-assembly of the three PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers, P123, F127 and P65, was studied. Apart from the fundamental physio-chemical point of view, the overall aim of this study was to investigate if these types of block copolymers are potential candidates to be used as bile acid sequestrants in the treatment of bile acid diarrhea and hypercholesterolemia diseases. It was found that the NaGDC does influence the self-assembly of these block copolymers in a similar way, but not as effectively as the classical ionic surfactants. At low bile salt concentrations and above the CMT of the pure aqueous solutions of these polymers, charged PEO-PPO-PEO micelle-NaGDC complexes are formed. The SAXS results indicated that the NaGDC molecules are located mostly in the corona of the block copolymer micelles, close to the core-corona interface. However, at higher bile salt concentrations, during their disintegration, these complexes are generally in coexistence with small NaGDC-rich complexes. The latter complexes resemble the NaGDC micelles in terms of size and structure. Among the three studied block copolymers, P65 micelles are the easiest to disintegrate by NaGDC. The F127 and P123 micelles show almost the same stability when interacting with NaGDC.<br/><br/>The second part in this thesis primarily describes the investigation of the effects of temperature, salt, PNIPAAM block length, and polymer concentration on the association behavior of a series of the three diblock copolymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly((3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PNIPAAMn-b-PAMPTMA(+)20), where n=24, 48, and 65. It was shown that the cloud point (CP) of the polymer solutions decreases upon an increase in PNIPAAM block length, and polymer and salt concentrations. At temperatures below CP of the polymer solutions, unimers and micellar/intermicellar clusters coexist. However, at temperatures above the CP, the dominant particles in the solutions are the large aggregates, which generally retain stable sizes in the presence of salt and upon increasing the temperature.<br/><br/>Finally the aqueous mixed solutions of PNIPAAM26-b-PAMPTMA(+)15 and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (PNIPAAM27-b-PAMPS(−)15) with an equimolar charge condition were studied. Mixed micelles were observed at total concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 wt % in all studied temperatures (10– 30 oC). The mixed micelles have a cylindrical structure, and are formed via an attractive electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged PAMPTMA(+) and PAMPS(−) blocks. However, in addition to the charged blocks interaction, there is evidence of interaction between the PNIPAAM and the charged blocks, as demonstrated by 2D 1H NMR NOESY experiments. <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> <br/>Popular Science Summary<br/><br/>Polymers are giant molecules consisting of a repetition of many small units (monomers) that are linked together by chemical bonds. If we consider a long necklace as a polymer chain, the beads are the monomers and the part of the thread which connects the beads together is the chemical bond. Polymers are important materials in our everyday life and they can be found e.g., in plastics, paints, fabrics, papers, food materials, cosmetics and drugs.<br/>When a polymer is composed of more than one type of monomer, it is called a copolymer. Copolymers can have a variety of structures depending on how the different monomers are arranged in the polymer chain. One type of these copolymers is called block copolymers. For instance, if we attach the necklace with the pink beads (block A) to the end of the other necklace with the blue beads (block B), then this is called an A-B block copolymer or generally a ‘’diblock’’ copolymer. One can make A-B-A or A-B-C which are called ‘’triblock copolymers’’ or even block copolymers with more than three blocks. <br/>Some of these block copolymers show interesting behavior when they are in contact with water. For instance, they may have a block that hates to be in contact with water (necklace with the red beads) and the other block which loves water (necklace with the blue beads). These types of block copolymers are scientifically called ‘’amphiphilic’’ block copolymers and they are considered polymeric surfactants. To have a favorable condition in water for both blocks, block copolymer chains may arrange themselves in a type of spherical structure that is called a ‘’micelle’’. In this micelle, the blocks which hate water, occupy the core to have less contact with water and the blocks which love water form the corona of the micelle. This spontaneous behavior of the amphiphilic block copolymers in water is called ‘’self-assembly’’ which happens above a specific polymer concentration. Some block copolymers are sensitive to a change in temperature, and hence, temperature can influence their self-assembly. These types of block copolymers are called ‘’thermoresponsive’’ block copolymers. Thus, they self-assemble or form micelles above a specific temperature. <br/> Micelles of block copolymers play an important role in treatment of some specific diseases. These micelles, with sizes of about several tens of nanometers, can incorporate drug molecules and act as their carriers into the body. Due to their specific structure and the optimal size, they will not be removed from the blood stream and hence, the circulation time of the drug in the body could be increased. The physical and chemical characteristics of the block copolymer micelle can be tuned in a way that makes it suitable for targeting specific organs or tissues in the body to release the drug. Therefore it is very important to study the physical and chemical properties of the block copolymers and their self-assembly behavior. Meaning, for instance studying how different stimuli such as temperature, addition of acid, salt and other types of chemicals can effect on the self-assembly of these block copolymers.<br/>This thesis contains studies on some of the amphiphilic and thermoresponsive diblock and triblock copolymers. Some of these block copolymers have already been used in pharmaceutical applications and some may have the potential to be used. <br/>In this thesis it was demonstrated how block copolymer concentration, temperature, addition of salt and a natural body surfactant (bile salt) as well as the length of the loving-water or the hating-water blocks can influence the self-assembly of the micelles and break them up. Various techniques have been applied to study these block copolymer systems. Results demonstrated that some of these block copolymers could be potential candidates in the treatment of specific diseases for instance, hypercholesterolemia. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7ead6efe-3826-45df-a197-1a87eac0814f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7713773/111587_2_G5_Solmaz_B_pdfonline.pdf application/pdf 24821445 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry 2016 eng Polymer Block Copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO Pluronics© Bile Salt NaGDC PNIPAAM PAMPTMA PAMPS Mixed Micelle Self-Assembly Mixed Complexes Physical Chemistry (including Surface- and Colloid Chemistry) 978-91-7422-450-4 978-91-7422-459-7 222 2016-06-15T10:30:00+02:00 7ead6efe-3826-45df-a197-1a87eac0814f 2016-05-19T14:34:29+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-19T14:34:29+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:53435528-99fd-449e-a010-3f283f4ab8c9 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Xiaoting Yang author e45eb8e4-ad61-48ee-9a8d-a47101725b7a Sara Linse supervisor c40f7425-9444-49cb-9235-4e8b239925ac Tommy Cedervall supervisor 644c6548-49d7-475c-95f8-cd8e1f1b035f Professor Natàlia Carulla opponent IRB Barcelona, Spain Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department Cerebral senile plaque is one of the main pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that the aggregation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, which is supported by the fact that Abeta overexpression or production of more aggregation-prone variants lead to early-onset dementia. In this work, we mainly studied the in vitro Abeta aggregation kinetics, to investigate the mechanistic shift as a result of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. We employ a fluorescence probe Thioflavin T (ThT) to follow the aggregation kinetics. The aggregation half-time is then extracted and plotted against monomer concentration. By fitting the curve with a power function, a scaling exponent is extracted and reflects<br> the aggregation monomer dependence. The ThT data can be globally fitted using master equations to determine the dominant aggregation reaction step<br> at the microscopic level. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy are used to study the fibril structure transition and morphology. Surface plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry provide information of molecular interaction and the latter one is also used to identify peptide segments of the soluble and insoluble Abeta species. Our results show a two-step saturated secondary nucleation dominated mechanism in several cases: Abeta mutants E22K, E22Q, E22G, D23N and A2V, which link to an early-onset of AD, Abeta40 aggregation at high monomer concentration (&gt; 30 uM, pH 7.4),<br> and Abeta42 aggregation at high ionic strength (&gt; 92 mM) and at pH 7.4. The mechanistic shift in these cases is mainly attributed to a reduced repulsion between monomers and other aggregating species due to decreased absolute charges from point mutation or pH shifting to a value close to the isoelectric point, or due to increased ionic strength by adding salt. This effect is combined with additional hydrophobic effect or other side chain properties in some cases to reach a more enhanced secondary nucleation. The secondary nucleation that produces enormous amount of toxic oligomers is found to be severely inhibited by a chaperone protein, Brichos, through specifically binding to the fibril surface and blocking the catalytic cycle. In our co-aggregation work, the most abundant Abeta variants, Abeta40 and Abeta42 that differ in length at C-terminus, do not co-aggregate and do not form mixed fibrils. The result implies that Abeta40 and Abeta42 interact exclusively at primary nucleation level and Abeta aggregation is a highly selective process that tolerates a low level of sequence mismatch in C-terminus. As our knowledge of diseases and the development of new technologies increases,<br/>many health problems that were lethal in the past can now be cured. Couple this<br/>to better life quality and improved medical care, we are seeing an increase in the<br/>average life expectancy. The downside to this, however, is that diseases that develop<br/>with age are becoming more common. There is currently an estimated 47 million<br/>people living with dementia with this number predicted to be doubled every 20<br/>years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for 60-70% of all the dementia cases in<br/>the whole world. Most of the AD cases are sporadic and patients develop symptoms<br/>after 65 years of age. A small subset of all AD cases are caused by a modified gene<br/>that can be passed through generations and lead to the development of dementia at<br/>a much younger age. Patient with AD usually have memory and mental problems<br/>and become totally dependent on others in their late stage. Unfortunately, there is<br/>still no therapy available for AD on the market.<br/>The hallmarks of AD are plaques and tangles in the brain which are believed to<br/>lead to the death of nerve cells in the brain. The plaques mainly contain fibrils<br/>that are formed by a small protein called amyloid beta (Abeta). Abeta has a tendency<br/>to clump (aggregate) together and form long fibrils. Many studies suggest that Abeta<br/>aggregation links to the development of AD, which is supported by cases of people<br/>with genetic modifications. Those modifications lead to an increased production of<br/>Abeta or more aggregation favoured products and are linked to an earlier development<br/>of AD symptoms.<br/>How Abeta causes cell death is not known, but it is believed that the toxic species are<br/>not the fibrils but aggregation intermediates, made up of two or more Abeta peptides.<br/>To figure out the link between Abeta peptides and AD, aggregation behaviour of Abeta<br/>is, therefore, an important question. Chemical kinetics is an area of chemistry in<br/>which the reaction speed of a chemical process is studied. Specifically, in aggregation<br/>kinetics, the detailed reaction steps and rates of the formation or disruption of a<br/>complex is studied. The overall aggregation process can be divided into several steps.<br/>This process can be thought of as standing in line at the supermarket. If we consider<br/>the people to be Abeta a long line of people would represent a mature Abeta fibril. To<br/>form the line, only a few people are needed and generally stand close to each other at<br/>the check-out, which is referred to as primary nucleation. The nucleus then grows<br/>as more people join and the line becomes longer, a process termed elongation. As<br/>more and more people join the line, there forms a long queue, which in our case is<br/>the mature fibril. As the line grows, people try to cut in by standing off to the side of<br/>the line (secondary nucleation), should a neighbouring cashier comes to work, this<br/>group of people (new nucleus) are in prime position to break off from the line (fibril) and start queuing at the front of a newline, thus the process repeats and a new line<br/>(fibril) is formed. This queuing example is used here only to explain the simplified<br/>basic steps in the Abeta aggregation. The general supermarket would not have the<br/>capacity to open enough cashiers to cope with massive secondary nucleation that<br/>is involved in the aggregation kinetics. In reality, the fibril surface serves as a very<br/>efficient catalyser that helps to generate a huge amount of Abeta oligomers, which is<br/>then followed by elongation to produce more fibril surface. These processes form a<br/>catalytic cycle that boosts the Abeta fibril formation and is potentially very dangerous<br/>to the brain.<br/>Our study is mainly focused on solving the aggregation mechanism of Abeta. In my<br/>work, we use experimental tools to follow the aggregation of Abeta and its gene modified<br/>variants that link to early-onset AD, Abeta with different length, or at different<br/>pH or salt concentration. The experimental data was then analysed using mathematical<br/>equations to find out the detailed steps that are involved in the aggregation.<br/>We found that some gene factors and environmental factors lead to a decreased repulsive<br/>force between molecules. Thus, the clumping between molecules or with<br/>bigger complexes is favoured. The saturated secondary nucleation is observed in<br/>all these cases, which means the catalytic fibril surface (queue) is fully covered by<br/>monomer (people), and new nuclei formation speed is limited by the release of the<br/>nuclei from the catalytic surface. In this case, the secondary nucleation speed is<br/>reaching the maximum. This secondary nucleation speed maximization leads to<br/>massive amount of oligomer production, which is potentially a high-risk factor to<br/>the brain. A chaperone protein, Brichos, is found to selectively hinder this secondary<br/>nucleation and drastically decreases the toxic oligomer production.<br/>Overall, our study reveals the kinetic details of Abeta aggregation, mainly focusing<br/>on the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We have identified that secondary<br/>nucleation is the critical pathway that generates toxic oligomers and as such could be<br/>an important target in the development of effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/53435528-99fd-449e-a010-3f283f4ab8c9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7714126/Xiao_kapa.pdf application/pdf 9143368 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology 2016 eng Alzheimer's disease Abeta aggregation kinetics secondary nucleation Biological Sciences 978-91-7422-465-8 192 2016-06-17T09:15:00+02:00 53435528-99fd-449e-a010-3f283f4ab8c9 2016-05-19T14:42:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-19T14:42:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:71178f6d-bb70-485f-8fb3-5f87ba84e3e4 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M138, Allhelgona Kyrkogata 14, Lund 1 Martin Oulu author 441a930a-d732-4f26-95dc-da1c3f33efc0 Alf Hornborg supervisor f6c93a17-5bff-4b36-90e3-2cb119ea0d0d Professor Joan Martinez-Alier opponent Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Human Ecology v1000679 department The theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) posits that contemporary international trade facilitates a net flow of resources from the peripheral global South to feed industrial processes and capital accumulation in the core North. This situation, it is argued, imperils the development of the South. Trade is a socio-metabolic process which can be analyzed through systemic aggregate approaches or LCA. Most empirical EUE methods apply the economy-wide systemic approaches. LCA is commonly used to compare embodied resource intensities of different commodities but has not been used to assess EUE. An LCA-based EUE assessment methodology which simultaneously investigates the free-market ideology is developed and tested on trade of Dutch cheese for Kenyan coffee and roses. It has two parts: i) Determination of embodied resource intensity per unit of product and ii) Determination (and comparison) of resource intensity per unit of exchange value. Specifically, the exchange of embodied land, water, energy, CO₂, and labor are examined. The results confirm the EUE theory’s hypothesis. <br/><br/>EUE theory remains marginalized in relation to mainstream economic doctrine. To enhance its utilization, the core tenets or claims of EUE theory are synthesized and translated into policy assessment criteria. The key claims are discussed in terms of i)Structure of the capitalist world-economy, ii) Valuation languages, and iii) Equity and justice. The treadmill logic of capitalism in which capital extracts ecological resources and releases waste in an endless pursuit of profits creates an expansionary dynamic which draws peripheral countries into exploitative market relations. This peripheralization is actively supported by ‘free-trade’ economic theories presented as win-win policies, while states and international politico-economic institutions such as the WTO and WorldBank provide the regulations which ensure the proper functioning of the system. Monetary valuation caps it all by obscuring the inverse relationship between thermodynamics and economics in which raw (low entropy) materials are lowly priced while processed goods which have dissipated most of their matter-energy (and thus represent high entropy) are highly priced, ensuring that surplus value and resources accumulates in industrialized countries. <br/><br/>The dominant economic conception of the world system is being challenged by a “cultural” perspective which offers a postcolonial critique of the cultural hegemony of the Global North, beyond political economy. I apply this analytic shift to argue that EUE can also be conceived as a social process of Othering. Our understandings of economy and the environment reflect past experiences,present preoccupations, socio-cultural assumptions, and specific discursive practices – a Political Unconscious. Global environmental politics cannot be understood without considering such assumptions. Conventional hegemonic discourses of neoliberalism and ecomodernism suffer from such a political unconscious. Borrowing perspectives from postcolonial, feminist, and critical social theories, I discuss how Western science exhibit such a political unconscious and their significance for EUE. Ultimately, EUE is a political problem which can only be solved politically. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/71178f6d-bb70-485f-8fb3-5f87ba84e3e4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7624146/PhD_Thesis_Kappa_Paper_1.pdf application/pdf 6447109 no Lund University 2016-04-21 eng Capitalism ecologically unequal exchange environmental justice ecomodernism Global South Global North international trade LCA neoliberalism political ecology postcolonial socio-metabolism sustainability science world-system Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified 978-91-7623-751-9 978-91-7623-752-6 188 2016-06-03T10:00:00+02:00 71178f6d-bb70-485f-8fb3-5f87ba84e3e4 2016-05-09T17:24:20+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-09T17:24:20+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:46c23b87-a00b-486b-b10a-807a36eeefb9 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC Aula, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Emilia Ottosson Laakso author 3fca2b0a-31b1-43bf-aeb4-c47ec46ce3c6 Leif Groop supervisor 63cd5965-35ec-4f4a-99c3-8f53884abc5c Petter Vikman supervisor a2260546-9a90-4185-9a78-5102da679834 docent Ingrid Dahlman opponent Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Translational Muscle Research v1000486 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Translational Muscle Research research group Type 2 diabetes is one of the world’s major challenges today. Over 400 million people around the globe are diagnosed with diabetes and the consequences to the individual patient and health care systems are significant. Diabetes is a chronic disease and the standard treatment including lifestyle changes, metformin and insulin is in many cases not effective enough. New anti-diabetic drugs have been developed aiming to lower blood glucose by inhibition of the glucose re-uptake via the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) from urine, leading to excessive glycosuria. The potential effects of this treatment on the prevention of glucose intolerance have not been addressed in previous studies. The SGTL2-inhibitors mimic a condition where mutations in the SLC5A2 gene, which encodes the SGLT2 transporter, give rise to glycosuria. In study 1 we investigated the effect of chronic glycosuria on glucose tolerance over time in a family with mutations in the SLC5A2 gene and found that despite their life-long “SGLT2-inhibition” there was no effect of chronic glycosuria on the development of glucose intolerance.<br/>There is a strong genetic component of diabetes that has been investigated using linkage studies and genome-wide association studies but only a small part of the estimated heritability has been explained by these findings. In families with high incidence of diabetes we can search for part of the missing heritability in the form of rare, family specific mutations. We show in study 2 that a previous linkage on chromosome 9 in families enriched with type 2 diabetes might in part be explained by rare variants in the multiple PDZ domain containing protein (MPDZ) gene. Knock down of the gene in an insulin secreting rat beta cell line resulted in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.<br/>A vital part of glucose homeostasis is the regulation of blood glucose by insulin. The ultimate characteristic of type 2 diabetes is the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin in response to increased glucose demands. Studies of gene expression in islets of Langerhans may provide an answer to why this occurs. Study 3 compared the global gene expression in islets from human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic donors. Over 1500 genes were differentially expressed in diabetic islets, e.g. the RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) was negatively associated with diabetes and positively associated with insulin secretion. Of the genes associated with diabetes we found that the expression of 35 genes was influenced by genetic variants and silencing of the gene tetraspanin 33 (TSPAN33), 5’-nucleotidase, ecto (NT5E), transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 6 (TMED6) and p21 protein activated kinase 7 (PAK7) in a rat beta cell line resulted in reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.<br/>Glucose is a potent regulator of gene expression and the regulation of genes by elevated glucose might further impair insulin secretion. In study 4 we aimed to separate the causes from the consequences of hyperglycemia on islet gene expression by global transcriptome analysis of islets exposed to short-term glucose (18.9 mmol/l glucose for 24 hours). We then compared the changes in gene-expression seen in patients with chronic hyperglycemia (diabetes) with genes regulated by short-term glucose exposure with the assumption that genes whose expression change after short-time hyperglycemia may reflect consequences rather than causes of hyperglycemia. This resulted in about 400 genes likely to be pathogenically involved in the development of hyperglycemia. For example the ERO1-Like Beta (ERO1LB) gene was down-regulated in islets from diabetic donors and correlated positively with insulin secretion whereas the transmembrane protein 132C (TMEM132C) gene that was up-regulated in islets from diabetic donors and correlated negatively with insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes is one of the world’s major challenges today. Over 400 million people around the globe are diagnosed with diabetes and the consequences to the individual patient and health care systems are significant. Diabetes is a chronic disease and the standard treatment including lifestyle changes, metformin and insulin is in many cases not effective enough. New anti-diabetic drugs have been developed aiming to lower blood glucose by inhibition of the glucose re-uptake via the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) from urine, leading to excessive glycosuria. The potential effects of this treatment on the prevention of glucose intolerance have not been addressed in previous studies. The SGTL2-inhibitors mimic a condition where mutations in the SLC5A2 gene, which encodes the SGLT2 transporter, give rise to glycosuria. In study 1 we investigated the effect of chronic glycosuria on glucose tolerance over time in a family with mutations in the SLC5A2 gene and found that despite their life-long “SGLT2-inhibition” there was no effect of chronic glycosuria on the development of glucose intolerance.<br/>There is a strong genetic component of diabetes that has been investigated using linkage studies and genome-wide association studies but only a small part of the estimated heritability has been explained by these findings. In families with high incidence of diabetes we can search for part of the missing heritability in the form of rare, family specific mutations. We show in study 2 that a previous linkage on chromosome 9 in families enriched with type 2 diabetes might in part be explained by rare variants in the multiple PDZ domain containing protein (MPDZ) gene. Knock down of the gene in an insulin secreting rat beta cell line resulted in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.<br/>A vital part of glucose homeostasis is the regulation of blood glucose by insulin. The ultimate characteristic of type 2 diabetes is the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin in response to increased glucose demands. Studies of gene expression in islets of Langerhans may provide an answer to why this occurs. Study 3 compared the global gene expression in islets from human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic donors. Over 1500 genes were differentially expressed in diabetic islets, e.g. the RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) was negatively associated with diabetes and positively associated with insulin secretion. Of the genes associated with diabetes we found that the expression of 35 genes was influenced by genetic variants and silencing of the gene tetraspanin 33 (TSPAN33), 5’-nucleotidase, ecto (NT5E), transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 6 (TMED6) and p21 protein activated kinase 7 (PAK7) in a rat beta cell line resulted in reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.<br/>Glucose is a potent regulator of gene expression and the regulation of genes by elevated glucose might further impair insulin secretion. In study 4 we aimed to separate the causes from the consequences of hyperglycemia on islet gene expression by global transcriptome analysis of islets exposed to short-term glucose (18.9 mmol/l glucose for 24 hours). We then compared the changes in gene-expression seen in patients with chronic hyperglycemia (diabetes) with genes regulated by short-term glucose exposure with the assumption that genes whose expression change after short-time hyperglycemia may reflect consequences rather than causes of hyperglycemia. This resulted in about 400 genes likely to be pathogenically involved in the development of hyperglycemia. For example the ERO1-Like Beta (ERO1LB) gene was down-regulated in islets from diabetic donors and correlated positively with insulin secretion whereas the transmembrane protein 132C (TMEM132C) gene that was up-regulated in islets from diabetic donors and correlated negatively with insulin secretion. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/46c23b87-a00b-486b-b10a-807a36eeefb9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7624177/Kappa.pdf application/pdf 11339476 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Endocrinology and Diabetes 978-91-7619-295-5 72 2016-05-31T09:00:00+02:00 46c23b87-a00b-486b-b10a-807a36eeefb9 2016-05-09T17:34:31+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z 2016-05-09T17:34:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:341f8de5-281e-4f53-81c3-08124981aa9f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Mikael OXFALL author f0bec4dd-a68f-4325-b7b1-971377819a2d Lars Wadsö supervisor 4967eb17-7f37-47a0-a8f8-ec7b22af1567 Peter Johansson supervisor 0c559a4b-9715-4cb9-af29-7bfee3e8c227 Manouchehr Hassanzadeh supervisor efd92ac6-b343-425c-abb8-df0887676c05 Division of Building Materials v1000221 department Safety is the top priority at a nuclear facility. The nuclear power plants are designed to prevent radioactive leakage to the surroundings, both during normal operation as well as in case of a severe accident. One of the most important structures in a nuclear power plant, with regard to safety, is thus the reactor containment wall. The containment wall is the last main barrier to prevent radioactive leakage, and it is designed to limit and control internal hazards if all other barriers fail. In order to understand and identify the potential deviation of the barrier, the effects of changes in the materials and how these changes occur and propagate have to be understood. <br/>The work presented in this thesis concerns the moisture condition within nuclear reactor containment inner walls in addition to other concrete structures within the containments. The study aims to describe earlier, ongoing and future moisture contributions, and redistribution of moisture within and from the concrete structures within the containments.<br/>An in situ measurement setup for long term monitoring of relative humidity and temperature in concrete was designed and installed in four reactor containments. The setup was used to monitor the actual conditions within the containments and in the concrete structures, and how they change over time. The measurements showed that all containments within the study complied with the regulated conditions with regard to temperature. The stable humidity in the air within the containments indicated that the dehumidification apparatus at the sites worked as anticipated, and that the measured conditions can be considered as "as-designed conditions", even though there is no regulation regarding permissible humidity. The results from the monitoring campaigns were further used to validate a model which was designed to describe the ongoing drying and moisture redistribution in the concrete structures.<br/>The measurements and simulations done in this study show that the concrete structures within the reactor containment are still drying after approximately 30 years of operation, and will continue to dry and contribute with moisture to the ambient compartment for the remaining part of the service life for the reactors. The simulations presents that 35–45 % of the initial evaporable water had dried out, until this study, and that the amount for 60 years of operation is 45–55 %. The main drying has already occurred, and the moisture contribution to the ambient compartments will continue to decrease, thus contributing less moisture to the air in the containment in the future.<br/> Inom kärnkraftsindustrin är säkerhet den aspekt som prioriteras högst. Alla kärnkraftverk är designade för att i högsta möjliga mån förhindra läckage av radioaktivetet till omgivningen, både under drift och i händelse av en allvarlig olycka. Med anledning av detta är reaktorinneslutningens vägg en av de viktigaste säkerhetsrelaterade konstruktionerna vid en anläggning, detta då denna konstruktionsdel är den sista barriären för att förhindra ett läckage av radioaktiva partiklar. Reaktorinneslutningens vägg är designad för att begränsa och kontrollera effekten av inre olyckor om övriga barriärer fallerat. För att förstå och identifiera potentiella förändringar, samt effekter från åldring, av barriären behövs en ökad förståelse för hur ingående material ändras över tid.<br/>Arbetet som presenteras i den här avhandlingen berör främst fuktförhållanden i reaktorinneslutningarnas väggar och till viss del övriga betongkomponenter lokaliserade i inneslutningarna. Studiens mål var att beskriva den tidigare, pågående, och framtida omfördelningen av fukt, både i betongkonstruktionerna samt fuktbidraget från betongen. En mätuppställning för in situ långtidsmätning av relativ fuktighet och temperatur i betong designades och installerades för monitorering i fyra olika reaktorinneslutningar. Utrustningen användes för att mäta de aktuella förhållandena samt för att studera variationer över tid. Mätningarna gjordes både i inneslutningarnas betongkonstruktioner samt i omgivande luft. De utförda mätningarna visade att de temperaturer som uppmättes svarade mot de krav som ställts på konstruktionen. Vidare indikerade den stabila relativa fuktigheten i inneslutningarnas luft att anläggningarnas avfuktning fungerade väl och att det bör kunna antas att rådande nivåer överensstämmer med de avsedda fuktnivåerna. Resultaten erhållna från monitoreringen användes vidare för att validera en modell framarbetad för att beskriva den pågående uttorkningen och omfördelningen av fukt i inneslutningarnas betongkonstruktioner.<br/>De samlade resultaten från simuleringarna och mätningarna i studien visar att uttorkning av reaktorinneslutningarnas betong fortfarande pågår efter runt 30 år i drift. Betongen kommer även i fortsättningen att bidra med fukt till inneslutningens utrymmen, enligt simuleringarna ända fram till dess att verken tas ur drift. Den sammanlagda uttorkningen fram till de utförda mätningarna motsvarar i storleksordningen 35–45 % av betongens initiala förångningsbara vatten. Motsvarande värde vid 60 års drift förutspås vara 45–55 %, huvuddelen av betongkonstruktionernas uttorkning har således redan inträffat och fukttillskottet till inneslutningens luft kommer att avta med tiden. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/341f8de5-281e-4f53-81c3-08124981aa9f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7630325/Climatic_conditions_inside_nuclear_reactor_containments_Oxfall_20160510_Final.pdf application/pdf 7183590 no 2016-05-10 eng kärnkraft betong in situ mätningar relativ fuktighet kokvattenreaktorer tryckvattenreaktorer masstransport Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-820-2 978-91-7623-821-9 2016-06-03 10:15 Stora Hörsalen, IKDC, Sölvegatan 26, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH. Opponent: Targo Kalamees, Tallin University of Technology, Estonia. 341f8de5-281e-4f53-81c3-08124981aa9f 2016-05-10T12:23:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-10T12:23:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ff572b72-284e-442c-a2fb-31fd8d23781b 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, Radiologihuset, plan 3, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Jacob Elebro author 62ddd634-0ed8-49ae-b945-9d5446cc71c5 Karin Jirström supervisor 505ee0e8-4789-46f8-995a-741de2e16b94 Jakob Eberhard supervisor 6fa6241d-f5b8-4eae-b15b-eef4ae133f2b professor Ivar Prydz Gladhaug opponent University of Oslo, Norway. Instiute of Clinical Medicine. Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, has a poor prognosis that has not improved in the <br/>last decades. Therefore, in order to find more effective treatment regimens, it is necessary to gain more insight <br/>into the biology and clinical behaviour of these tumours. <br/>This thesis entails a thorough histopathological characterization of retrospectively collected tumours from a <br/>consecutive cohort of patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma, followed by tissue microarray-based <br/>immunohistochemical studies of eight candidate protein biomarkers. Tumours were classified as being of <br/>pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) or intestinal type (I-type), using histological criteria, and all biomarker analyses <br/>were performed in strata according to morphological type. <br/>In Paper I, histopathological studies showed that a standardized and meticulous protocol for assessment of the <br/>surgical specimens, as well as blind revisions of slides, had impact on the decision on tumour origin, the number <br/>of involved lymph nodes and involved margins. <br/>The biomarker studies in Paper II revealed that expression of the global gene regulator special AT-rich sequencebinding protein 1 (SATB1) was an independent factor of poor prognosis in PB-type tumours. SATB1 expression, <br/>however, also indicated a better response to adjuvant chemotherapy, in particular in I-type tumours. A closely <br/>related protein, SATB2, was found to be expressed in a few tumours only, making it difficult to draw any firm <br/>conclusions on its prognostic value. <br/>In Paper III, biomarker studies on proteins related togemcitabine metabolism revealed that a high ratio between <br/>cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of human protein R (HuR) indicated resistance to chemotherapy in PB-type <br/>tumours. In I-type tumours, high expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) was a <br/>favourable prognostic factor and high expression of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) indicated sensitivity to <br/>chemotherapy. <br/>In Paper IV, biomarker studies on the human epidermal growth factor receptors 1-3 (HER1-3) revealed a potential <br/>negative predictive effect of high EGFR (HER1) expression in relation to adjuvant chemotherapy in PB-type <br/>tumours. Six percent of I-type tumours had high expression of HER2, and gene amplification was confirmed in <br/>assessable cases. In I-type tumours, high expression of HER3 was a favourable prognostic factor, but not <br/>independent of other prognostic factors. <br/>Several of the potentially treatment predictive associations described in this thesis are novel, and may be of <br/>clinical interest if the results can be repeated in other cohorts and if the mechanistic basis is understood. The <br/>results presented here must be however be interpreted with caution, since the cohort is retrospective and many <br/>tests have been made. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ff572b72-284e-442c-a2fb-31fd8d23781b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7642835/E_spik_hela_avh_elebro.pdf application/pdf 13171935 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Periampullary adenocarcinoma Pancreatic cancer bile duct cancer ampullary adenocarcinoma duodenal adenocarcinoma Immunohistochemestry prognosis Medical and Health Sciences Cancer and Oncology 978-91-7619-274-0 83 2016-05-13T09:15:00+02:00 ff572b72-284e-442c-a2fb-31fd8d23781b 2016-05-11T09:49:27+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z 2016-05-11T09:49:27+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9adf550d-7efa-4a70-b41c-99f913047dbd 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M, B, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Jessica Dahlström author 30771a6b-a060-4afe-b9f1-e96c2783c35d Öivind Andersson supervisor 6c8ba8ef-efd0-4f18-a099-1432b09b4ac3 Martin Tunér supervisor cf1a72d1-293c-4eb9-8a19-8a65f936bffb Dr. Sebastian Verhelst opponent Gent University, Belgium Sustainable energy systems v1000207 department Experimental investigations of combustion chamber heat transfer in a light-duty diesel engine project This work concerned experimental studies of heat transfer in a light-duty diesel engine. Combustion is affected by several parameters, such as pressure, engine speed, mass of injected fuel and in-cylinder gas flow. These parameters are in turn affected by the combustion chamber geometry and fuel spray characteristics. At high load the exhaust heat was increased more than at high engine speed. Swirl was found to speed up the combustion event and increased heat loss to the piston cooling, but had no measurable effect on exhaust heat loss. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) diverts part of the exhaust gas and mixes it with intake air. The recirculated gas acts as a heat sink and reduces in-cylinder temperatures and thus, heat losses. The air-fuel ratio is another important factor. More air resulted in faster combustion while also increasing exhaust gas temperature. Altering the combustion chamber geometry affected both in-cylinder gas flow and mixing. A more open and shallow design was found to redistribute heat losses from cooling media to exhaust. The original injectors were proven to have a higher fuel flow than the two other configurations, but faster combustion and less heat in the exhaust was mainly found with the injectors with fewest holes. <br/> <br/> Hot exhaust gases could be more useful than hot cooling media, because that heat may be extracted and used to improve engine efficiency. This reduces fuel consumption, and consequently emissions of greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming. The world energy demand is still increasing, and more natural resources are being used. Higher efficiency requires less fuel, and thereby reduces the impact on environment and humanity. <br/> <br/> The work was performed in a 4-cylinder light-duty diesel engine. Temperatures and mass flow measurements were performed in cooling media and exhaust gas. From these calculations were executed to find out the heat fractions emitted to each medium. Two combustion chamber geometries and three injectors were tested and compared with respect to their impact on combustion and heat losses. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9adf550d-7efa-4a70-b41c-99f913047dbd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7644748/Experimental_investigations_of_combustion_chamber_heat_transfer_in_a_light_duty_diesel_engine.pdf application/pdf 14185184 no Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University 2016-06-03 eng internal combustion engines heat transfer diesel engine Diesel combustion combustion chamber geometry piston geometry spray parameters Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-828-8 978-91-7623-829-5 137 2016-06-03T10:00:00+02:00 9adf550d-7efa-4a70-b41c-99f913047dbd 2016-05-11T15:09:09+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-11T15:09:09+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b7ecd2d1-ca06-4b48-9c5f-5e642bca884d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Ahibur Rahaman author c98414e7-c9bf-4d0e-8df3-3cd0c8d7784e Ebbe Nordlander supervisor d1ae8493-64b8-4f36-810a-6b8aa8d1a720 Professor Philippe Schollhammer opponent Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France Chemical Physics v1000658 department Abstract – The mixed-valence triiron complexes [Fe₃(CO)_7-x(PPh₃)_x(µ-edt)₂] (x = 0, 1, 2; edt = SCH₂CH₂S) and [Fe₃(CO)₅(κ²-diphosphine)(µ-edt)₂] (diphosphine = dppv, dppe, dppb, dppn) have been prepared and structurally characterized. In comparison to the diiron complex [Fe₂(CO)₆(µ-edt)], [Fe₃(CO)₇(µ-edt)₂] catalyzes proton reduction at 0.36 V less negative potentials, which is a significant energetic gain. In all complexes the HOMO comprises an iron-iron bonding orbital localized between the two iron atoms not ligated by the semi-bridging carbonyl, while the LUMO is highly delocalised in nature and is anti-bonding between both pairs of iron atoms but also contains an anti-bonding dithiolate interaction. The clusters [Fe₃(CO)₉(μ₃-E)₂] (E = S, Se, Te), [Fe₃(CO)₇(μ₃-E)₂(μ- κ²-diphosphine)] (E = S, Se, Te), [Fe₃(CO)₇(μ₃-CO)(μ₃-E)(μ-dppm)] (E = S, Se) and [Fe₃(CO)₈(µ₃-Te)₂(κ²-diphosphine)] have been prepared and examined as proton reduction catalysts. The reduction potentials for the tellurium-capped clusters occur at lower potentials than for their sulfur and selenium analogues, and the redox processes also show better reversibility than for the S/Se analogues. The 52-electron clusters [Fe₃(CO)₈(µ₃-Te)₂(κ²-diphosphine)] consist of Fe2(CO)6(µ-Te)2 “butterfly” units that are capped by a Fe(CO)₂(κ²-diphosphine) moiety. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that their redox behaviour and properties as proton reduction catalysts largely stem from the Fe₂(CO)₆(µ-Te)₂ entities, although computational modelling indicates that their LUMOs are centered on the briding tellurium ions and the unique “capping” iron ion. The influence of the substitution, orientation and structure of the phosphido bridges on the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of [Fe₂(CO)₆(µ-phosphido)₂] clusters and bis(phosphinidene)-capped triiron carbonyl clusters, including electron-rich derivatives formed by substitution with chelating diphosphines, have been studied. The electrochemistry and electrocatalyses of the [Fe₂(CO)₆(µ-PR₂)₂] dimers show subtle variations with the nature of the bridging phosphido group(s), including the orientation of bridgehead hydrogen atoms. The reduction potential of the phosphinidene- capped clusters shift negative way to increase the electron density on the iron centers. En utveckling av den s. k. väte-ekonomin, där vätgas (H2) används som energibärare, skulle – rent teoretiskt – kunna lösa människans energiproblem då vatten skulle kunna användas som bränsle. För att nå detta mål krävs dock väsentlig teknologisk och vetenskaplig utveckling. Ur ett rent vetenskapligt perspektiv, måste bl a (energisnåla) kemiska metoder att skapa stora mängder vätgas utvecklas. Många forskare söker att efterhärma de fundamentala biologiska reaktioner som sker i fotosyntesen, bl a oxidation av vatten till syrgas, protoner (vätejoner, H+) och elektroner. Det är lika viktigt att kunna omvandla protoner och elektroner till vätgas på ett effektivt sätt, och intensivt forskningsarbete bedrivs för närvarande inom detta område. Denna forskning har hittills fokuserat på att efterhärma de aktiva säten (bestående av järn-nickel eller järnkluster) i vissa enzymer – hydrogenaser – som kan katalysera jämvikten 2 H+ + 2 e-  H2 (i båda riktningar). Denna forskning har lett till en djupare förståelse av de fundamentala kemiska principerna för hydrogenasreaktionerna, men har inte lett till goda katalysatorer. I denna avhandling beskrivs framställandet av ett antal järnkomplex som innehåller två, tre eller fyra järnatomer, och som besitter liknande kemiska egenskaper som hydrogenas-enzymer. Likt vissa sådana enzymer, kan komplexen katalysera elektrokemisk reduktion av protoner som skapar vätgas, d v s driva ovanstående jämvikt åt höger. Med hjälp av elektrokemiska metoder, spektroskopiska studier och datorberäkningar har mekanismen för protonreduktion studerats och för ett flertal katalysatorer har det mest sannolika första steget i reaktionen kunnat fastställas, nämligen om komplexet först binder en proton eller erhåller en elektron (reduceras). https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b7ecd2d1-ca06-4b48-9c5f-5e642bca884d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7645274/PhD_Thesis_Ahibur_Rahaman_without_papers.pdf application/pdf 16709545 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry 2016 eng iron-only hydrogenase phosphine-substitution electrocatalysis proton reduction Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-457-3 978-91-7422-460-3 256 2016-06-03 9:30:00 b7ecd2d1-ca06-4b48-9c5f-5e642bca884d 2016-05-11T17:36:06+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-11T17:36:06+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7134a3c6-9b42-4596-bd81-007d9d912cd4 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsalen, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund. 1 OSCAR LINDBLAD author 3198feec-5bc5-41be-880a-12956a05a494 Lars Rönnstrand supervisor 4027d481-dbda-47f7-9e47-ddaf340f76db Kazi Uddin supervisor 3fc97397-3697-47e8-b039-6e5e1b6828cc Jianmin Sun supervisor d960555f-9d57-4897-ac0b-750f68a7e14a Anders Lindblom supervisor professor Bjørn Tore Gjertsen opponent University of Bergen BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Division of Translational Cancer Research v1000559 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7134a3c6-9b42-4596-bd81-007d9d912cd4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7593560/FLT3_and_KIT_in_Acute_Myeloid_Leukemia.pdf application/pdf 11469437 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Acute myeloid leukemia FLT3-ITD KIT tyrosine kinase receptors Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-244-3 56 2016-04-29T13:00:00+02:00 7134a3c6-9b42-4596-bd81-007d9d912cd4 2016-05-04T21:49:37+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z 2016-05-04T21:49:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f342f359-b077-4c35-adc3-83b2def77e01 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Suado M Abdillahi author 0a4f32fb-4708-4276-99f9-8cde1e88224e Matthias Mörgelin supervisor 39eea03f-b967-4337-bcfa-53be21f959af Heiko Herwald supervisor ed40c7fe-0895-40d5-9443-59ddb9966ba1 Arne Egesten supervisor 029aa462-4cf4-48ea-9ad9-8e65589f940f professor Dr Birgit Schittek opponent University of Tübingen, Germany Infection Medicine (BMC) v1000442 department Rapid and powerful host defense mechanisms are essential in order to overcome harmful actions of pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins are vital effector molecules of the fast-acting innate immune system and exist virtually in all living organisms. They exert a broad spectrum of natural antibiotic activity, but also play important immunomodulatory functions in the host. During the past few decades, host defense molecules have gained remarkable attention as alternative treatments for bacterial infections due to the growing bacterial resistance to current antibiotics.<br/><br/>This thesis sheds light on an intriguing and novel aspect of innate immunity in the context of connective tissues, where collagen VI emerges as a host defense molecule. Collagen VI is an extracellular matrix protein that forms complex microfibrillar networks in most connective tissues. The best studied form of collagen VI is a heterotrimer comprised of three α-chains, α1(VI), α2(VI) and α3(VI), where the majority of these α-chains are flanked by globular domains that share homology with von Willebrand factor type A (VWA) domains. The results presented in this thesis demonstrates that tissue-purified collagen VI exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the bacterial membranes and causing leakage of intracellular components, which subsequently leads to cell death. Interestingly, the expression of collagen VI was upregulated in the airways of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients compared to healthy individuals. Upon airway epithelial damage in COPD, we found that collagen VI is exposed and serves both as an adhesive substrate and an antibacterial barrier for a number of pulmonary pathogens. In order to gain deeper insight into the antimicrobial nature of the collagen VI molecule, we identified and characterized cationic sequence motifs in the VWA domains of the α3(VI)-chain. These peptides showed a significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, some of them also displayed wound healing and anti-endotoxic properties in vitro.<br/><br/>In conclusion, these data reveal for the first time in detail how extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen VI, provide host defense mechanisms against bacterial infections in connective tissues. These findings also suggest a novel role for collagen VI-derived peptides in innate immunity and provide templates for the development of peptide-based antibacterial therapies.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f342f359-b077-4c35-adc3-83b2def77e01 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7604895/Suado_Abdillahi_thesis.pdf application/pdf 4245554 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Innate Immunity Antimicrobial peptides Collagen VI Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Medical and Health Sciences Basic Medicine 978-91-7619-267-2 72 2016-04-29T09:15:00+02:00 f342f359-b077-4c35-adc3-83b2def77e01 2016-05-05T13:37:53+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z 2016-05-05T13:37:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d11400ef-cb98-4082-8217-20f2f2db139e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Berglind Hallgrimsdottir author 0242fde8-4cbb-47f7-b19c-f206aa927cd0 Agneta Ståhl supervisor fe0232cc-f133-4845-82e7-30961f802a58 Helena Svensson supervisor 2df7b764-ab84-45d0-9563-0cfcab5a0903 Hanna Wennberg supervisor 6d61d67e-92bf-4265-be1f-d7bde00584e6 Transport and Roads v1000257 department In an inaccessible outdoor environment, older people and people with disabilities can experience environmental barriers. The environmental barriers can restrict them and their abilities to walk. Environmental barriers can be avoided by designing the outdoor environment to meet the needs of older people and people with disabilities. This thesis focuses on accessibility in Sweden from two perspectives; societal challenges and user perception. It explores how the societal challenge of removing environmental barriers has been met and how removing environmental barriers can affect user perception of<br/>the outdoor environment. In Sweden, accessibility has been subjected to laws and regulations since the late fifties. In 1999 accessibility issues received increased attention through an action plan for disability policy. The implementation process has been somewhat monitored, showing that there are considerable differences in level of implemented accessibility policy in the municipalities. Studies exploring the impact of intervention in the outdoor environment are scarce. Such studies have, in most cases, focused on older people and the impact of interventions on their perception of the outdoor environment and frequency of walking. However, it is difficult to establish causal links in intervention studies with older people. During the implementation phase and until the after-study, older people age and ageing can have considerable impact on their perception of the environment. It is difficult to know whether changes in perception can be attributed to ageing or changes in the outdoor environment. Therefore, we need of studies that explore intervention studies over a long period. In this thesis, the societal challenge of removing environmental barriers (the Municipality Study), explores implementation of accessibility policy in municipal transport planning. The implementation process is explored through the eyes of municipal transport planners, with a mixed-method approach. The Municipality Study is based on a previously executed study. Therefore, the process of implementation of accessibility policy was explored in a longitudinal perspective. The level of implemented accessibility policy was quantified with indices. Then, municipalities were split into two groups, those that have increased their level of implemented accessibility policy ("ITOT”) and those that have increased their level of implemented accessibility policy (“D-TOT”). The user perception of the outdoor environment (the User Study), was explored through the eyes of older people, using a questionnaire. The User Study is based on a previously executed study, where an intervention was carried out in one neighbourhood (Study Area (SA)) in a middle-sized town in Sweden. The User Study explores the impact of an intervention by comparing perception of the outdoor environment with another area, reference area (RA) where no accessibility measures had been introduced. Furthermore, the User Study explores the impact of an intervention on older people’s perceptions of the outdoor environment in a longitudinal perspective. That is, while controlling for ageing. Results from the Municipality Study showed that there are considerable differences between municipalities regarding the implementation process of accessibility policy. “D-TOT” started early on implementing accessibility policy, only to reduce the efforts. “I-TOT” municipalities seem to have had later implementation starts. More municipalities have established accessibility plans and more have hired accessibility advisors. On the other hand, fewer municipalities cooperate with interest organisations, have a program for handicap polices and have implemented measures. The interviews indicated that reduced budget and staff time were among the factors restricting implementation of accessibility policy. On the other hand, employee enthusiasm for and interest in accessibility issues are among the main reasons that some municipalities progress and others regress in the implementation process. Interviews indicate that representatives from interest organisations are too focused on their own restrictions and do not represent the whole group’s perspective. This may be a reason why some municipalities have reduced cooperation with interest organisations. The interviews also indicated that some municipalities do not “suit actions to words”. That is, they establish accessibility plans and hire accessibility advisors, but do not utilise them. Some accessibility advisors are placed in the building department and do not have any influence in the transport department. Results from the User Study showed that interventions in the outdoor environment could have positive effects on older people’s perception. Respondents living in SA were more active in terms of frequency of participating in activities outside the home and frequency of walking. Furthermore, compared to respondents in RA, respondents in SA with poor perception of health were more likely to participate in activities than did their counterparts in RA. Respondents in SA and RA evaluated their outdoor environments in a similar manner. Still, the results also showed that respondents in SA reported more environmental barriers than did respondents in RA. Controlling for ageing, the results showed that intervention in the outdoor environment does not increase frequency of walking. However, intervention in the outdoor environment seems to have positive effects on older people’s perceptions of the outdoor environment. The respondents reported fewer environmental barriers in the outdoor environment nine years after an intervention in the outdoor environment than they did before the intervention. Furthermore, older people using mobility devices were more likely to be frequent walkers after the intervention. A more systematic approach is needed to fully implement accessibility in transport planning. Accessibility should not have to depend on the single employee who is enthusiastic and interested in accessibility. Accessibility should not be sensitive to employee turnover. Furthermore, results from the User Study showed that user perception of the outdoor environment could improve when barriers are removed. Therefore, municipalities should be implementing measures to improve accessibility. However, such measures should not be implemented simply to fulfil requirements of accessibility policy. Implementing measures in the outdoor environment should focus on the users and their needs. Municipalities should be cooperating with interest organisations. Meanwhile, representatives from the interest organisations should become more professional and represent the needs of all people with disabilities and not just their own needs. On the societal level, the results from this thesis give an indication that accessibility measures benefit people who are in need of further support from the environment. An environment designed to facilitate walking for people who are fragile is an environment that is accessible to all. A person carrying luggage, a person with a pram, a person who is temporarily experiencing disability, but more importantly people who are experiencing long-term disability and limitations, all benefit from an accessible outdoor environment. Even though accessibility issues are increasingly acknowledged in transport planning, there is still a need to raise awareness among transport planners and all actors involved in the accessibility work. It is important that all actors are aware of why accessibility measures are executed and how they should be executed, to ensure that the finalised measure gives the best result. Denna avhandling undersöker utvecklingen av en tio års engagemang av tillgänglighet i utemiljön. Denna undersöks från två perspektiv; samhällets utmaning och användarens uppfattning. Äldre personer och personer med funktionshinder ska ha lika möjligheter att använda transportsystemet som andra människor. Deras tillgång till transportsystemet är dock ofta begränsad på grund av fysiska hinder i utemiljön. Hindarna begränsar personer med funktionshinder möjligheter att vistas ute och att gå. Detta kan påverka deras möjligheter att använda transportmedel som kollektivtrafik och att gå. Äldre personer är en grupp som går ganska mycket. Det gör de för att uppehålla en<br/>aktiv livsstil och därmed minska möjligheterna av att utveckla funktionella och<br/>kognitiva begränsningar. Funktionella och kognitiva begränsningar är något som alla kommer att känna av när de åldras. De medför att personer har svårare med att utföra vissa aktiviteter som andra tar för givet; som att ta på sig kläder, gå i trappor och gå till fots längre sträckor. Människor kan födas med begränsningar och andra kan uppleva tillfälliga begränsningar (såsom brutet ben). I viss mån kan de känna att det inte påverkar deras möjligheter att vistas ute och gå, men för vissa kan en komplex miljö kännas oöverstiglig. När en person med begränsningar känner att utformningen av deras miljö gör det svårt för dem att utföra aktiviteter (som att gå) då börjar man diskutera disabilitet. Däremot kan disabilitet undvikas genom att utforma miljön på ett sätt som stödjer alla, oavsett deras funktionella kapacitet. Människor med disabilitet och äldre människor ofta upplever svårigheter med att köra bil och har därför inte lika stor möjligheten att ta sig med bil till fysiska och sociala aktiviteter, affären, arbetet eller söka vård. Därför är vissa äldre och andra funktionshindrade ganska beroende av att gå för att kunna delta i samhället och fortsätta vara självständiga. Därmed är det viktigt att utemiljön är utformad så att den tar hänsyn till deras behov och deras möjligheter till ett självständigt och aktivt liv vidhålls.<br/>År 1999 förklarade Svenska regeringen med sin proposition 1999/2000:79 ”Från<br/>patient till medborgare” att all hinder för funktionshindrade rätt till att delta i samhället skulle undanröjas. Detta ansvar skulle ligga hos kommunerna i Sverige. I samband med det publicerade Boverket föreskrifter om hur alla enkelt avhjälpta hinder i utemiljön skulle undanröjas i befintlig allmän utemiljö och avhjälpas vid nybyggnad av allmän utemiljö. I Sverige har ansvaret för att röja undan alla hinder i utemiljön legat hos kommunerna. Kommunerna har gjort vissa framsteg, men på senare tid finns det lite kunskap om utvecklingen av implementering av tillgänglighetspolicy bland kommunerna. En kunskap av den sorten skulle ge kommunerna en inblick i vilka faktorer har bidragit till framgångsrik implementering och var det saknas stöd. Första steget i implementering av en tillgänglighets policy borde vara att samla ihop information om brukarna (i detta fall människor med funktionella begränsningar) och vilka hinder de upplever i utemiljön. Kunskap av den sorten skulle användas för att utveckla direktiv om vilka hinder i utemiljön skall undanröjas. Direktiven borde introduceras för planerare som sedan skulle använda dem för att röja undan hindren. En utvärdering av åtgärderna skulle sedan ge kunskap om hur det gynnar brukarna som i sin tur skulle användas för att uppdatera direktiven. Därför är det viktigt att utvärdera hur undanröjandet av hinder i utemiljön påverkar och hjälper brukarna. Kunskap av den sorten är dock liten.<br/>Denna avhandling bygger på två studier; Kommun Studien och Brukar Studien.<br/>Studierna undersöker hur progressen varit kring implementering av tillgänglighetspolicy och om undanröjandet av enkelt avhjälpta hinder kan hjälpa äldre människor att vistas i utemiljön som fotgängare. Kommun studien undersökte hur implementeringen av tillgänglighets policy har utvecklats inom Sveriges kommuner. Studien bygger på en enkät undersökning som gjordes år 2004 och undersökte implementering av tillgänglighetspolicy. År 2014 skickades samma enkät till alla 290 kommuner i Sverige där man tillfrågades bland annat om vilka strategiska bestämmelser gjorts i kommunen för att implementera tillgänglighetspolicy. Av de 290 kommuner som fick enkäten var det 118 som svarade både år 2004 (T1) och 2014 (T2). Utifrån vissa frågor i enkäten, bildades indikatorer för att kunna ge implementeringen av tillgänglighetspolicy ett värde. Kommunerna dividerades i två grupper; de som hade ökat respektive minskat sitt tillgänglighetsvärde från T1 till T2. För att förstå de resultat som studien visade gjordes intervjuer i 7 kommuner, där fyra hade minskat sin tillgänglighets värde och tre som hade ökat sitt värde. Totalt intervjuades 10 personer. Brukar studien undersökte hur äldre människor upplever sin utemiljö och hur/om deras aktivitetsgrad som fotgängare ändras när man gör tillgänglighets inventeringar i utemiljön. Studien började år 2002 när alla människor 65 år och äldre i ett område i Kristianstad i Sverige fick en enkät där man bland annat frågade hur ofta man går ute och vilka hinder de upplever i utemiljön när de går. Utifrån resultaten och genom hjälp av äldre bosatta i området bestämde kommunen vilka hinder som skulle röjas undan. Över en fyra års period sänkte man kantstenar, satte in bänkar, separerade fotgängare och cyklister, fixade till ojämna trottoarer, gjorde vissa gator till enkelriktade och drog hastigheten ner till 30km/h i vissa gator. Efter att implementeringen var genomförd (år 2006) skickades samma enkät ut till alla 65 år och äldre i området igen. Enkäten inkluderade även några frågor som rörde själva implementeringen och hur nöjda invånarna var. År 2011 skickades samma enkät som 2002 och 2006 till alla invånare 65 år och äldre till samma område (Studie Området (SO)) men även till ett annat område Referens Område (RO). RO valdes utifrån de kriterier att det var ganska nära SO, hade liknande proportion av äldre invånare och där hade inga/små ändringar gjorts i utemiljön. Två delstudier genomfördes; tvärsnittsstudie och longitudinell studie. I tvärsnittsstudien jämfördes upplevelse och aktivitetsgrad (som fotgängare men även i aktiviteter utanför hemmet) mellan invånarna i SO och RO. I longitudinella studien ingick alla äldre invånare i SO som svarade studien år 2002, 2006 och 2011; 113 individer. I studien kontrollerades hur äldre upplever sin utemiljö över tio års perspektiv och om ändringar i utemiljön kan ha positiva effekter på deras upplevelse och aktivitetsgrad när de går från att vara relativt friska människor till att vara mer skörda. Resultat från kommunstudien visade att det fanns en ganska stor skillnad mellan kommunerna i hur långt de har kommit med implementering av tillgänglighets policy. Den visade även att en stor del av de kommuner som hade börjat ganska kraftigt redan år 2004 med implementering av tillgänglighets policy hade minskat sina insatser. Däremot, kommuner som inte hade börjat med att implementera tillgänglighetspolicy år 2004 hade ökat sin insats till stor del år 2014. Intervjuerna gav intrycket att i vissa kommuner tror man att utemiljön är tillgänglig, så fort alla krav som ställs på kommunerna är uppfyllda. Intervjuerna också visade att även om tillgänglighet har blivit mer accepterad som trafik fråga bland transportplanerare som arbetar i kommuner, verkar det som att tillgänglighet är beroende av att det finns eldsjälar som arbetar i kommunerna och som ser till att tillgänglighet inte glöms bort. Resultat från brukar studien visade att när tillgänglighet inte glöms bort, kan det till en viss del ha positiv påverkan på äldres uppfattning av utemiljön. Jämförelsen mellan SO och RO visade att äldre invånarna i SO, där tillgänglighets inventering gjorts, gick mer och deltog i fler aktiviteter. Det var även så att äldre invånare i SO som upplevde sin hälsa som dålig deltog oftare i aktiviteter än invånare i RO som även upplevde sin hälsa som dålig. Däremot upplevde invånarna i SO fler hinder än invånarna i RO. Resultat från longitudinella studien visade dock att äldre invånare som varit bosatta i SO sedan 2002 upplevde färre hinder i sin utemiljö efter interventionen (år 2006). Några år senare, år 2011, upplevde de fler hinder än vad de gjorde år 2006, dock färre än vad de hade upplevt år 2002. Resultaten tyder på att interventionen inte haft tillräckligt bra underhåll sedan den blev implementerad. Åldrandet har också haft en viss inverkan på dem, eftersom de går och deltar i aktiviteter mer sällan år 2011 än vad de gjorde år 2006 och 2002. Resultaten pekar på att kommuner arbetar till viss del med att göra utemiljön tillgänglig men att de verkar göra det för att uppfylla de krav som ställs på dem, och inte med brukarna i åtanke. Syftet med tillgänglighetspolicy är att inkludera alla människor i samhället och därför bör det inte behandlas som ett tekniskt problem som måste lösas. Tillgänglighetsåtgärder bör inriktas på användarnas behov, såsom där de har tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård, livsmedel och aktiviteter. Tillgänglighets åtgärder bör vidtas med hänsyn till geografisk tillgänglighet också, eftersom om avståndet till de livsmedel eller aktiviteter är för lång, kommer äldre och personer med funktionshinder inte kunna gå till sin destination. Äldre vill gå och de kan gå om deras område är utformad så att det tar hänsyn till deras behov. Ännu viktigare, är att inse att de som inte har tillgång till en bil, eller socialt kontaktnätverk som hjälper dem att hålla sig oberoende, kan ställas inför minskad delaktighet i samhället och aktiviteter. Därför måste kommunerna inse att deras utmaning handlar om att implementera<br/>tillgänglighetsåtgärder inte bara om att uppfylla krav på tillgänglighet politik, utan för att öka människors chanser på ett självständigt liv och öka deras livskvalitet. Resultaten antyder att för att se till att tillgänglighet inte glöms bort i kommunal planering så måste det ställas krav på att det behandlas mer systematiskt så att det inte glöms bort. Ett mer systematiskt sätt att hantera tillgänglighet skulle se till att tillgänglighetsåtgärder skulle underhållas och utvärderas regelbundet, och att tillgängligheten blir mer integrerat i det dagliga transportarbetet. Samhällen måste vara utrustade för att kunna hantera den växande äldre befolkning som måste förlita sig på att gå för att kunna delta i aktiviteter och ha tillgång till nödvändiga tjänster. Resultaten i denna avhandling visar att, i ett längre perspektiv, ökade interventionen inte gång frekvensen hos äldre invånarna. Men deras uppfattning av utemiljön var mer positiv efter interventionen. Det är dock möjligt att frekvensen av promenader skulle ha minskat ännu mer om ingen intervention skulle ha genomförts. Därför är det svårt att säga att insatsen inte påverkade gångfrekvensen, även om interventionen inte öka den. När det gäller tillgänglighet har det skett en positiv<br/>förändring i person miljö relation; de svarande rapporterade färre miljöhinder vid andra uppföljningen än vid baslinjen. Men på grund av andra faktorer, dålig hälsa, ökad funktionella begränsningar etc. har äldre minskat sin gång frekvens. Således bör interventioner i utemiljön inte genomföras med det enda syftet att öka äldres gångfrekvens. Det är inte den faktiska gångfrekvensen som räknas. Det viktiga är att äldre vet att de har möjlighet att gå ut på en promenad vara självständiga och socialt aktiva. En miljö som underlättar för dem som är mest sårbara, är en miljö som är tillgänglig för alla. En person som bagage, en person med en barnvagn, en person som tillfälligt upplever funktionshinder, men ännu viktigare människor som upplever långsiktiga funktionshinder och begränsningar, alla dra nytta av en tillgänglig utemiljö. Men även om tillgänglighetsfrågorna har blivit mer erkänd, finns det fortfarande ett behov av att höja medvetenheten bland transportplanerare och bland alla aktörer som är involverade i tillgänglighetsarbetet. Det är viktigt att alla aktörer är medvetna om<br/>varför tillgänglighetsåtgärder genomförs och hur de ska utföras, för att säkerställa att den slutgiltiga åtgärden ger bästa resultatet. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d11400ef-cb98-4082-8217-20f2f2db139e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7622284/Berglind_Kappa_final_Webb_final.pdf application/pdf 4659527 no Media-Tryck 2016-05-09 eng Accessibility intervention Environmental Barriers implementation Ageing Planners view Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-808-0 978-917623-809-7 163 2016-06-03 10.15 MA:5, Matteannexet, Sölvegatan 20A-D, Lund University Faculty of Engineering, LTH. Opponent: MariAnne Karlsson, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg d11400ef-cb98-4082-8217-20f2f2db139e 2016-05-09T12:10:50+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-09T12:10:50+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:561d4a29-77fb-4bce-9c22-f15e12ff061b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 KATHARINA LÜHRIG author 6d349cb7-50d9-4d8e-8d16-0f577dabe170 Peter Rådström supervisor d3c0397c-74f9-4fb8-9494-4f5c12e2856b Dr. Ameet J. Pinto opponent Northeastern University, Boston, USA Applied Microbiology v1000654 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/561d4a29-77fb-4bce-9c22-f15e12ff061b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557051/20160413_thesis_final.pdf application/pdf 1737259 no Kemiska institutionen, Lunds universitet 2016 eng Engineering and Technology 2016-05-27T10:15:00+02:00 561d4a29-77fb-4bce-9c22-f15e12ff061b 2016-05-02T08:48:48+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-02T08:48:48+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0b76cce2-be76-4599-81c7-b5fd4e1860c2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmarksalen, Astronomicentrum, Sölvegatan 27, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Johan Teleman author dd6cc4c0-5649-4c96-b834-f0c652a3ba6b Johan Malmström supervisor f3eed443-e46d-499d-8a62-9a8a74fa3013 Fredrik Levander supervisor 7c4e1add-4788-42e3-b1a1-9e4690411419 Professor Michael MacCoss opponent University of Washington, USA Department of Immunotechnology v1000212 department The rapid advances in life science, including the sequencing of the human genome and numerous other techiques, has given an extraordinary ability to aquire data on biological systems and human disease. Even so, drug development costs are higher than ever, while the rate of new approved treatments is historically low. A potential explanation to this discrepancy might be the difficulty of understanding the biology underlying the acquired data; the difficulty to refine the data to useful knowledge through interpretation. In this thesis the refinement of the complex data from mass spectrometry proteomics is studied. A number of new algorithms and programs are presented and demonstrated to provide increased analytical ability over previously suggested alternatives. With the higher goal of increasing the mass spectrometry laboratory scientific output, pragmatic studies were also performed, to create new set on compression algorithms for reduced storage requirement of mass spectrometry data, and also to characterize instrument stability. The final components of this thesis are the discussion of the technical and instrumental weaknesses associated with the currently employed mass spectrometry proteomics methodology, and the discussion of current lacking academical software quality and the reasons thereof. As a whole, the primary algorithms, the enabling technology, and the weakness discussions all aim to improve the current capability to perform mass spectrometry proteomics. As this technology is crucial to understand the main functional components of biology, proteins, this quest should allow better and higher quality life science data, and ultimately increase the chances of developing new treatments or diagnostics. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0b76cce2-be76-4599-81c7-b5fd4e1860c2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557268/Paper_IV_Dinosaur.pdf application/pdf 1863541 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557270/Paper_VI_Fraggle.pdf application/pdf 1950537 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557261/thesis_final.pdf application/pdf 6663858 no 200 Lund University Press 2016-05 eng computational proteomics bioinformatics life science data complexity algorithms mass spectrometry Bioinformatics (Computational Biology) 978-91-7623-818-9 978-91-7623-819-6 184 2016-05-27 9:15:00 0b76cce2-be76-4599-81c7-b5fd4e1860c2 2016-05-02T09:15:16+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-02T09:15:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5672795b-a7fa-4337-b5e7-0f05ed13ed30 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Louise Bildsten author a38ee2eb-6ddf-42e4-ac06-183a35e6a09b Anne Landin supervisor ea515d83-444a-4ec0-9875-e691ffa05f7d Kristian Widén supervisor Stefan Olander supervisor babb2b55-8f09-49ec-9906-cfcf3788d53f Division of Construction Management v1000948 department A significant part of the cost of a construction project, up to 90%, consists of purchased goods and services. Suppliers thereby have a large impact on the quality, price and time of projects. Purchasing management is therefore important for the outcome of a project. The aim of research covered by this thesis is to describe and analyse purchasing management and its interrelation with the supplier relationships and the production process. The research design was twofold: theory building and case studies. In the latter, the initial phase was inductive through studies of industrialized building, changing to abductive and, thereafter, deductive when tentative theories were tested within construction companies. The findings were that maintaining supplier relationships and, at the same time, retaining competition with several suppliers are desirable. The construction industry has been portrayed by some researchers as price-driven with respect to the choice of suppliers. The research reveals that the choice of suppliers is based to a large extent on long-term relationships, where the trustworthiness of suppliers plays an important part. Through long-term relationships, the project team can rely on the experiences acquired from previous purchases to overcome problems of coordination, communication and integration. It is important for construction companies to recognize that the project team possesses significant knowledge about the nature of services and products delivered by different subcontractors and suppliers. Decisions that are not made in collaboration with those involved in production can lead to lower quality, higher cost and later project delivery than might otherwise be the case. A combination of skills purchasing and construction seems appropriate for project managers. The theoretical contributions of the research consist of: (1) a framework on waste and coordination; (2) a framework comparing value-driven and market-driven purchasing; (3) a portfolio matrix considering the aspects of intensity and time perspective in purchaser-supplier relationships; (4) a framework to serve as a guide to describe and analyse the purchasing process in the companies that were examined; and (5) a portfolio matrix to portray purchasing in construction companies based on the findings. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5672795b-a7fa-4337-b5e7-0f05ed13ed30 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7557344/Purchasing_in_Construction_Companies.pdf application/pdf 1220066 no 1 Lund University 2016-05-02 swe construction Purchasing Kraljic model buying centre actors roles sourcing structures Social Sciences 978-91-85257-14-0 91-85257-14-1 78 2016-05-26 13.00 pm A:B, A-building, Sölvegatan 24, Lund University Faculty of Engineering Professor Hans Voordijk, University of Twente, The Netherlands 5672795b-a7fa-4337-b5e7-0f05ed13ed30 2016-05-02T09:30:29+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-02T09:30:29+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:455bdfad-5be3-4e74-b305-d31b1e49aed7 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 David Lindelöw author 5a5fa909-3124-4cd9-b125-3d5b1f3657dd Åse Svensson supervisor 8877657a-3ebe-4ce0-8852-f3fa69c71040 Lena Hiselius supervisor b479593c-35cb-4dc6-85da-b4a25ab0f3d1 Transport and Roads v1000257 department The overall aim of this thesis is to examine how walking as a transport mode is constructed in the planning realm, affected by the built environment and perceived by the individual. This aim is related to the following research questions: (1) How are pedestrians and walking understood, constructed and perceived in the planning context? (2) How does individual traits and the built environment affect the propensity of walking?<br/>The thesis starts off by arguing for the need of a holistic take on walking as a mode of transport (Study A). A framework building on the actor-network theory concepts of Paper I is used to overcome this. Study B adresses research question 1 and specifically concerns the role of the planning paradigm instrumental rationality with respect to walking. The aim is to explore to what extent pedestrian planning has subscribed to the methods employed within the limits of instrumental rationality. The study draws on planning material and data from interviews with urban and transport planners in three municipalities in the southern part of Sweden (Malmö, Lund, and Helsingborg). The analysed material displays walking as increasingly being included in planning exercises, although not with a consistent and thought-out strategy proceeding from instrumental rationality. <br/>Study C acts as the quantitative study and addresses research question 2. The three included papers (III, IV and V) all use data from the same questionnaire concerning walking behaviour and perceptions in three neighbourhoods in Malmö, Sweden, albeit with differing approaches and analysis. Paper III draws on a time geographical conceptualisation of the individual’s limits in order to explore her/his different ratings of the importance of both time and distance as factors in the decision to walk. Two variables which were intended to represent coupling constraints were associated with a positive increase in the likelihood of giving the importance of time a higher rating than the importance of distance. The findings suggest that time and distance cannot be treated as interchangeable measures. Paper IV employs a conceptual model addressing both perceptions of the built environment and perceived limits due to every-day activities as a standpoint for examining walking behaviour. The analysis revealed a resemblence with the theoretical interpretation and a significant assocation with walking propensity for the rating of one factor addressing the perceived constraints of every-day activities. Paper V aims to examine how preferences for residential choice and modal choice play out regarding walking frequency. The study design treated preferences as explicit variables predicting the amount of walking in a neighbourhood. The analysis indicated that heterogeneous preferences resulted in a heterogeneous response, in terms of walking frequency.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/455bdfad-5be3-4e74-b305-d31b1e49aed7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7558010/David_Lindel_w_Phd_kappa.pdf application/pdf 2049414 no 2016-05-02 eng Walking, walkability, built environment, everyday life, transport planning, pedestrian Transport Systems and Logistics 978-91-7623-802-8 978-91-7623-803-5 127 2016-05-27 10.15 am MA:3, Matteannexet, Sölvegatan 20 A-D, Lund University Faculty of Engineering Opponent Professor Miles Tight, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom 455bdfad-5be3-4e74-b305-d31b1e49aed7 2016-05-02T10:25:32+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-02T10:25:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f035c33a-d5d5-4c84-8ae2-d36c14d779e8 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kvinnoklinikens aula, Jan Waldenströms gata 47, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 LENA SANDIN WRANKER author 6fa3ef3d-ebf6-4972-ba14-6e49a96247db Sölve Elmståhl supervisor 31d5f144-357b-47a5-b93f-f5c60fde92a7 Johan Berglund supervisor Mikael Rennemark supervisor professor Yngve Gustafson opponent University of Umeå Geriatric Medicine v1000418 department Geriatric Medicine research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f035c33a-d5d5-4c84-8ae2-d36c14d779e8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7558702/Lena_SW_elektronisk_spikning.pdf application/pdf 3460195 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Older adults Pain Quality of life Insomnia Personality traits Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-292-4 83 2016-05-26T13:00:00+02:00 f035c33a-d5d5-4c84-8ae2-d36c14d779e8 2016-05-02T11:51:43+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z 2016-05-02T11:51:43+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1016877e-8f39-4929-80c0-020cca017c8b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14 (former Getingevägen 60), Lund 1 Björn Stenqvist author b6450fb6-3054-40c4-a91a-5069429886a1 Mikael Lund supervisor 19146bd3-d347-4a94-93a8-1d1a11e3f988 Gunnar Karlström supervisor 6fb98aa4-891c-4c2c-8735-3be59b672049 Valera Veryazov supervisor 58fd57ab-ebb3-4246-8d3f-94e823ff02a0 Professor Jiří Kolafa opponent University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Computational Chemistry v1000659 department This work is primary about development and application of electrostatic theory within the atomistic domain. The resulting procedures were implemented to eventually describe systems involving the cellulose molecule. A concluding remark about electrostatic interactions is the importance of moment cancellation. By inducing image moments which cancels the totality of the collective system moments, and summing their interactions, long-ranged effects seem to be accurately accounted for in isotropic settings. The performed studies denouement regarding the cellulose molecule is the necessity to account for slight electric structure modifications generated by changing its immediate environment. A concrete conclusion brought forward from this observation is the seemingly important effect of ionizing the polymer in order to achieve solubility. Detta arbete har haft som målsättning att fördjupa vår kunskap om cellulosa och hur denna polymer reagerar i olika miljöer. Cellulosa är det vanligaste organiska materialet på jorden vilket gör att det är relativt lätttillgängligt, billigt, och miljövänligt. Genom att öka vår förståelse av de egenskaper som cellulosa besitter kan det bli möjligt att utveckla nya användningsområden, men också kvalitativt förbättra nuvarande applikationer, där cellulosa används.<br/><br/>För detta ändamål har vi använt atomistiska modeller och teori om elektromagnetiska krafter. Det har då blivit möjligt att simulera och beräkna egenskaper på olika system, i detta fall; cellulosa, vatten, och möjligtvis någon ytterligare partikel. Metoderna som använts är helt generella vilket gör att det i princip är möjligt att använda samma tillvägagångssätt på vilket molekylärt system som helst.<br/><br/>Att arbeta på en atomär nivå innebär dock att det är möjligt att se på partiklar på olika sätt, antingen som vanliga makroskopiska objekt beskrivna av klassisk mekanik, eller att de beskrivs av sannolikheterfunktioner som följer kvantmekaniska regler. Båda dessa perspektiv har föroch nackdelar varvid vi har använt dem till olika saker. Genom att karakterisera atomer enligt kvantmekanik och propagera dem genom klassiska ekvationer har det varit möjligt att någorlunda legera det bästa från två världar i en procedur.<br/><br/>Genom att använda de föregående nämnda metoderna går det att utforska många aspekter av cellulosa. Detta arbete har emellertid fokuserat på (o)lösligheten av detsamma och mekanismerna bakom detta fenomen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1016877e-8f39-4929-80c0-020cca017c8b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12247798/Thesis.pdf application/pdf 586317 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry 2016 eng Electric interactions Quantum mechanics Statistical mechanics Simulations Cellulose Electric interactions Quantum mechanics Statistical mechanics Simulations Cellulose Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-440-5 117 2016-05-31T10:30:00+02:00 1016877e-8f39-4929-80c0-020cca017c8b 2016-05-02T13:40:13+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-02T13:40:13+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4af12363-6e82-4d19-89fa-ce59fdf44a1c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall A, Naturvetarvägen 14 (former Getingevägen 60), Lund 1 Stefanie Eriksson author 95f24a69-cf5b-417b-bd3c-ae23e488d606 Daniel Topgaard supervisor a97422ac-21cd-4ba6-b968-8521e5f98110 Olle Söderman supervisor ff0648c2-11ae-4620-ab74-3f4237da3101 Samo Lasič supervisor Dr. Itamar Ronen opponent Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Physical Chemistry v1000657 department NMR is a powerful non-invasive technique utilizing radiofrequency and gradient pulses to manipulate the spins<br/>of atomic nuclei. In particular, diffusion NMR uses strong magnetic field gradients to label the positions of spins allowing for the measurement of translational motion of molecules in liquids. The average displacement of water molecules can give information on the pore microstructure in various materials including biological cells and tissues.<br/><br/>The interpretation of conventional diffusion NMR signal can be ambiguous, as it contains effects from microstructure, size and orientation. <br/>In this work, the underlying microscopic structures are exposed with novel diffusion NMR methods. q-MAS is a pulse sequence for isotropic diffusion encoding, which in combination with conventional diffusion NMR can be used to quantify the microscopic anisotropy. The shape of the microscopic diffusion tensor can be revealed by varying the anisotropy of the diffusion encoding. The methods are demonstrated in lyotropic liquid crystals and yeast cell suspensions.<br/><br/>Diffusion NMR can be used to measure exchange between intra- and extracellular compartments. This can give information on the water transport across biological cell membranes. <br/>A method for measuring exchange in yeast cells with different intra- and extracelllular T2 values is presented. Kärnmagnetisk resonans, NMR, är en teknik som har många användningsområden, inte minst används NMR som en bildgivande teknik för diagnostisering av skador och sjuk- domar, vilket görs med så kallade MR-kameror. Med hjälp av diffusions-NMR kan man mäta vattenmolekylers rörelse, d.v.s. vattnets diffusion. Diffusions-NMR gör det möjligt att mäta hur långt vattenmolekylerna rör sig i olika riktningar. Diffusion kallas för anisotropisk om molekyler har möjlighet att förflytta sig långa sträckor i en riktning, men bara kortare sträckor i en annan riktning. Anisotropisk diffusion kan användas för avbildning av mikroskopiska strukturer, till exempel nervfibrer i vit hjärnvävnad. Nervfibrerna kan liknas vid långa rör där vattnet inuti röret kan förflytta sig fritt i riktningen längs med röret, men stoppas från att förflytta sig i vinkelrät riktning. Nervfibrerna i hjärnan är mycket mindre än upplösningen i MR-kameran och det kan finnas många fibrer i ett och samma bildgivande volymelement, voxel. Om de olika nervfibrerna inuti en voxel har flera olika riktningar, kan det verka som att vattnet diffunderar lika mycket i alla riktningar och det mikroskopiska strukturerna kan inte bli detekterade med vanlig diffusions-NMR.<br/>I detta arbete har nya metoder för att påvisa förekomsten av mikroskopisk anisotropi utvecklats, även i de situationer då strukturerna har flera olika riktningar. Dessa metoder har utvärderats i så kallade flytande kristaller som kan tillverkas genom att blanda surfaktanter och vatten.<br/>Ett annat bra modelsystem, för utvärdering av diffusions-NMR, är jäst utblandat i vatten. Jästcellerna liknar mänskliga celler på många sätt. Vattenmolekylerna utanför cellerna kan röra sig fritt, medan vattenmolekylerna inuti stoppas av cellmembranet. Diffusions-NMR kan detektera både vattnet som rör sig fritt och vattnet som är instängt i cellen. I detta arbete har diffusions-NMR används för att mäta hur vatten transporteras genom cellmembranet i speciella genmodifierade jästceller. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4af12363-6e82-4d19-89fa-ce59fdf44a1c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7559545/StefanieE_PhDthesis.pdf application/pdf 9872130 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2016 eng diffusion NMR diffusion tensor Microscopic anisotropy q-MAS exchange liquid crystals yeast cell suspensions Natural Sciences 978-91-7623-824-0 978-91-7623-825-7 131 2016-05-27T13:15:00+02:00 4af12363-6e82-4d19-89fa-ce59fdf44a1c 2016-05-02T13:53:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-02T13:53:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:84e3225e-8353-4f17-85c4-28ad39caa559 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 DAVID KYLHAMMAR author f4d836d1-d68a-4add-9960-74bd7ed5c39d Göran Rådegran supervisor e8a0258c-89c0-41f0-bdf1-64feb1ea74be Roger Hesselstrand supervisor 4b9ffc2e-8f64-4f05-8b1e-db037471163d clin assoc professor Jørn Carlsen opponent University of Copenhagen Cardiology v1000432 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/84e3225e-8353-4f17-85c4-28ad39caa559 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7565672/David_Kylhammar_KAPPA.pdf application/pdf 4457531 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Physiology and Anatomy Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease 978-91-7619-291-7 86 2016-05-26T13:30:00+02:00 84e3225e-8353-4f17-85c4-28ad39caa559 2016-05-03T10:54:25+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:10Z 2016-05-03T10:54:25+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:54cb814f-59fe-4bc9-a7ef-773cbcf06889 2026-02-18T13:45:23Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:B 1 Christian Grussler author df7abee9-846a-4e79-b9ee-764034b94e6b Anders Rantzer supervisor ee89d592-1389-4490-83a5-f844a4e0e0de Pontus Giselsson supervisor 3c4a91b2-3eb5-43ab-a34d-19cd3cd442aa Andrey Ghulchak supervisor d6640c91-b6de-4604-9e67-48961e0365da Professor Rudolf Sepulchre opponent University of Cambridge ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Department of Automatic Control v1000253 department LCCC project This thesis addresses problems which require low-rank solutions under convex constraints. In particular, the focus lies on model reduction of positive systems, as well as finite dimensional optimization problems that are convex, apart from a low-rank constraint. <br/><br/>Traditional model reduction techniques try to minimize the error between the original and the reduced system. Typically, the resulting reduced models, however, no longer fulfill physically meaningful constraints. This thesis considers the problem of model reduction with internal and external positivity constraints. Both problems are solved by means of balanced truncation. While internal positivity is shown to be preserved by a symmetry property; external positivity preservation is accomplished by deriving a modified balancing approach based on ellipsoidal cone invariance.<br/><br/>In essence, positivity preserving model reduction attempts to find an infinite dimensional low-rank approximation that preserves nonnegativity, as well as Hankel structure. Due to the non-convexity of the low-rank constraint, this problem is even challenging in a finite dimensional setting. In addition to model reduction, the present work also considers such finite dimensional low-rank optimization problems with convex constraints. These problems frequently appear in applications such as image compression, multivariate linear regression, matrix completion and many more. <br/><br/>The main idea of this thesis is to derive the largest convex minorizers of rank-constrained unitarily invariant norms. These minorizers can be used to construct optimal convex relaxations for the original non-convex problem. Unlike other methods such as nuclear norm regularization, this approach benefits from having verifiable a posterior conditions for which a solution to the convex relaxation and the corresponding non-convex problem coincide. It is shown that this applies to various numerical examples of well-known low-rank optimization problems. In particular, the proposed convex relaxation performs significantly better than nuclear norm regularization. Moreover, it can be observed that a careful choice among the proposed convex relaxations may have a tremendous positive impact on matrix completion. <br/><br/>Computational tractability of the proposed approach is accomplished in two ways. First, the considered relaxations are shown to be representable by semi-definite programs. Second, it is shown how to compute the proximal mappings, for both, the convex relaxations, as well as the non-convex problem. This makes it possible to apply first order method such as so-called Douglas-Rachford splitting. In addition to the convex case, where global convergence of this algorithm is guaranteed, conditions for local convergence in the non-convex setting are presented. <br/><br/>Finally, it is shown that the findings of this thesis also extend to the general class of so-called atomic norms that allow us to cover other non-convex constraints. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/54cb814f-59fe-4bc9-a7ef-773cbcf06889 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19595129/Thesis.pdf application/pdf 3019461 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19596512/popvet.pdf application/pdf 331842 no Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University 2017 eng low-rank approximation model reduction non-convex optimization Douglas-Rachford matrix completion overlapping norm k-support norm atomic norm Control Engineering 0280-5316 978-91-7753-080-0 978-91-7753-081-7 181 2017-02-03T13:00:00+01:00 Series Information: Publication Series: PhD Theses ISSN 0280-5316 Number TFRT-1117 54cb814f-59fe-4bc9-a7ef-773cbcf06889 2017-01-09T03:58:38+01:00 2026-02-18T13:45:23Z 2017-01-09T03:58:38+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2204bb4a-81d6-4dd0-bd31-37d0f8cc2f04 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Gabriele Costanza author 807bb071-8b71-4368-8f0e-d37a19b041eb Anders Karlsson supervisor 9a415284-7c6c-4ad8-87ee-28175a2321de professor Rebecca Seviour opponent Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, UK Department of Electrical and Information Technology v1000242 department Electromagnetic Theory v1001105 department Electromagnetic Theory research group This thesis is dedicated to the design and analysis of superconducting<br/>elliptical cavities. Elliptical cavities play a central role in modern particle ac-<br/>celerators due to their high efficiency. After an introduction to the European<br/>Spallation Source project, the thesis goes through the design of the medium-β<br/>cavity. The RF design of the inner cell and end cell are presented in sequence<br/>in paper I . The design is completed by the chapter on the mechanical perfor-<br/>mances of the cavity (paper II).<br/>Papers III, IV and V are instead dedicated to the analysis of the cavity.<br/>The necessary mathematical tools for the analysis are presented in paper III<br/>which, after stating fundamental results on hollow cavities, presents a spec-<br/>tral decomposition used in the following papers. In paper IV, a time-domain<br/>model for the power dissipation induced by the excited higher-order-modes is<br/>presented. Such modes are excited by the particle beam that passes through<br/>the cavity and are detrimental to the performances of the accelerator. Paper<br/>V presents a time-domain model of the cavity coupled to an externa circuit to<br/>a coupler. The model is functional to the design of the cavity control system. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2204bb4a-81d6-4dd0-bd31-37d0f8cc2f04 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19597402/thesis_main_document.pdf application/pdf 12067824 no The Department of Electrical and Information Technology 2017-01-09 eng Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering 978-91-7753-096-1 978-91-7753-097-8 164 2017-02-03T10:15:00+01:00 2204bb4a-81d6-4dd0-bd31-37d0f8cc2f04 2017-01-09T10:33:36+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-09T10:33:36+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:500cf1ca-08e7-450b-bd14-77f8817b1b97 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Azadeh Shadnezhad author 077fe908-ac89-4eaa-bab4-d8c54e79c996 Mattias Collin supervisor cc533dfb-4d80-450f-b60e-acd4e6d61db7 Marta Bober supervisor e292744e-18d0-47ab-b1c5-0d7c8b1403f3 Dr Max Crispin opponent University of Oxford , UK Infection Medicine (BMC) v1000442 department Infection and immunomodulation v1000981 department Infection and immunomodulation research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/500cf1ca-08e7-450b-bd14-77f8817b1b97 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19598769/Azadeh_thesis.pdf application/pdf 4426983 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Infectious Medicine 978-91-7619-401-0 72 2017-02-03T13:15:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:20 500cf1ca-08e7-450b-bd14-77f8817b1b97 2017-01-09T13:08:23+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-09T13:08:23+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9eaa2dd4-2030-4453-abed-9f299f87d746 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Department of Physics, Rydberg lecture hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Ognjen Malkoc author ad318499-1629-44a3-a3cc-428b8878f712 Peter Samuelsson supervisor 18de082f-cc8a-444d-8b69-672be7efc9db Gillis Carlsson supervisor 02859a9d-a0b6-4db6-934a-03c974c644cc Professor Wolfgang Belzig opponent University of Konstanz, Germany NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Mathematical Physics v1000630 department The work contained in this thesis deals with two closely related topics. Papers I-III deal with charge transport statistics in nanoscale devices to investigate the presence of entanglement in the constituent electrons. We identify the contributions of entangled electron pairs to the current cross-correlations as a signature of entanglement. Paper IV treats the electric control of a quantum dot based spin qubit via Electric Dipole Spin Resonance.<br/><br/>In Paper I, we present a spin entanglement detection model in a hybrid nanoscale device, with a general entangler connected to a set of quantum dots and anti-collinear ferromagnetic contacts. Our model allows us to study the implications of a non-ideal detector in an entanglement detection scheme.<br/><br/>In Paper II, we investigate a scheme for generating and detecting orbitally entangled states in a device consisting of six quantum dots. The underlying process which enables our proposed scheme is sufficiently fast, even for the rapidly decaying quantum coherence of orbital states defined in a solid.<br/><br/>In Paper III, we investigate a minimal entanglement detection scheme based on measurements of current cross correlations. We find a significant reduction in the number of measurements required for an entanglement test.<br/><br/>In Paper IV, we investigate the optimisation of electrically controlling an electron spin in a gate defined semiconductor quantum dot. Specifically, we study how the shape of the quantum dot together with the direction of an in-plane magnetic field affect the spin relaxation rate and frequency of the induced Rabi oscillations. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning:<br/><br/>Dagens datorer har krympt i storlek i takt med den ständigt ökande kompetensen att tillverka transistorer med en anmärkningsvärd noggrannhet. Storleksskalan av nya transistorer börjar motsvara den av en handfull atomer.<br/>På denna skala dominerar kvantfysik, vilket är ett väsentligt hinder för de traditionella datorkomponenterna. Men detta innebär inte bara en begränsning - det öppnar även upp för nya möjligheter.<br/><br/>Datorer som kan utnyttja den kvantfysik som framträder på mikroskopisk skala har under lång tid varit en åtrovärd tanke.<br/>Entusiasmen har drivits av flera teoretiska undersökningar som tyder på att en 'kvantdator', för specifika uppgifter, skulle vara exponentiellt snabbare än en vanlig (så kallad klassisk) dator. <br/>Ett bra exempel på detta är Shors algoritm, som kan snabbt faktorisera mycket stora tal i deras primtalsfaktorer. <br/>Detta är en notoriskt svår uppgift för klassiska datorer. Säkerheten av dagens krypteringsalgoritmer bygger på antagandet att detta är en omöjlig uppgift för ett tillräckligt stort tal.%Dubbelkolla.<br/><br/>Mycket forskning har bedrivits med målet att förverkliga en anordning, som kan bearbeta kvantinformation och utföra kvantalgoritmer på ett chip, likt den klassiska datorn.<br/>Ett tilltalande förslag är att använda enstaka elektroner, artificiellt instängda i en bur av endast hundratals atomer.<br/>Metoderna att tillverka dessa mikroskopiska burar har blivit så pass sofistikerade, att dessa strukturer, som kallas kvantprickar, kan idag tillverkas rutinmässigt.<br/>Precis kontroll över hur många elektroner är i fångenskap har även demonstrerats, tillsammans med förmågan att koda information på enskilda elektroner.<br/><br/>Med dessa framsteg, kan det då verka förbryllande att kvantdatorer, trots teoretiska undersökningar sedan 1960-talet, fortfarande inte har förverkligats.<br/>För att förstå detta, är det nödvändigt att förstå de egenskaper av kvantfysik som möjliggör den anmärkningsvärda förbättring som utlovats av kvantdatorernas förespråkare.<br/><br/>Till skillnad från den klassiska enheten för information, en \textit{bit}, som kan anta värdet 1 eller 0, så kan motsvarande enhet för kvantinformation, en \textit{kvantbit}, bära på 1, 0 eller en kombination av dessa - ett så kallat superpositionstillstånd. <br/>Dessutom kräver kvantalgoritmer \textit{sammanflätning} (entanglement på engelska): ett exklusivt kvantfysikikaliskt fenomen där två partiklar, som tidigare har samverkat, inte längre kan beskrivas som två separata enheter, utan de delar varandras egenskaper. <br/>Dessa effekter utgör fundamentet för en kvantdator, och de delar en gemensam svaghet - en mätning får båda effekterna att försvinna.<br/><br/>Av den anledningen är kvantinformation extremt känslig. Kvanteffekterna för elektroner i en kvantprick försvinner vanligtvis snabbare än en miljarddels sekund.<br/>Detta försvåras ytterligare av att sammanflätning hos ett par av elektroner är en svårfångad egenskap, som endast avslöjas med hjälp av en mycket komplicerad detektor. <br/>Dessa detektorer är svåra att implementera på ett mikroskopisk chip.<br/>Detta är en spännande teoretisk utmaning: att föreslå kreativa tillvägagångssätt att generera och upptäcka sammanflätade elektronpar, samt kontrollera dem tillräckligt snabbt utan att tillgripa direkta mätningar.<br/> <br/>Målet med vårt arbete har varit att bemöta denna utmaning. %Med bakgrund och motivation presenterat ovan, i följande stycke redovisas våra resultat kortfattat.<br/><br/>Med arbetet i artikel I, II och III har vi haft som mål att underlätta detektion av sammanflätning i chip med kvantprickar. <br/>Vår strategi har varit att studera hur den elektriska strömmen som flödar genom chippet fluktuerar då en spänning är pålagd. <br/>I motsats till det vanliga tankesättet att brus i mätningen är dålig, så är dessa fluktuationer för oss en källa till information. <br/>Dessa variationer i strömmen är nämligen relaterade till hur de individuella elektronerna som utgör strömmen beter sig, om de exempelvis kommer en efter en, eller om de transporteras parvis. <br/>Vi har använt detta fenomen, för att utforma ett test som kan detektera förekomsten av elektronpar som är sammanflätade. <br/>I artikel IV har vi studerat styrningen av en elektrons tillstånd som befinner sig i en kvantprick. <br/>Specifikt har vi fokuserat på om det är möjligt att förbättra styrningen genom att ändra formen på den kvantprick som fångar elektronen, samt placera små magneter i närheten. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9eaa2dd4-2030-4453-abed-9f299f87d746 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19637262/espikAvhandling.pdf application/pdf 2144300 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics 2016 eng Quantum dots Entanglement Current noise Spin relaxation Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Malkoc Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-132-6 978-91-7753-133-3 162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/105/47013 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.176803 https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.05547 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.235413 2017-02-03T13:15:00+01:00 9eaa2dd4-2030-4453-abed-9f299f87d746 2017-01-10T08:59:12+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-10T08:59:12+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ce9cfdd0-1176-4db9-bb7b-af3b978817b7 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Main auditorium, SOL, Helgonabacken 12, Lund 1 Carolina Martinez author 579c4e89-05dc-4745-9320-4bb4a71c764c Gunilla Jarlbro supervisor ba3e213b-0b68-4545-82fc-ec0c98b4e30d Helena Sandberg supervisor bcd8da7b-1f36-47ba-94dd-981e3ebf48ba Professor emerita Ingegerd Rydin opponent Högskolan Halmstad Media and Communication Studies v1000068 department Children’s daily internet usage takes place to a large extent in a commercial environment, where advertising and the sale of virtual goods are ever-present parts of the online experience. The overall goal of this thesis is to contribute to a critical understanding of children’s commercial online environment as spaces for children’s everyday life activities and participation, and as spaces for commercial interests that seek to target children and monetize their internet usage. Two papers analyze the perspectives of children, namely, how children view and engage with online advertising. Two papers explore the perspectives of producers involved in advertising to children online, with a focus on how these producers represent themselves, their practices and the child audience. In addition to this, one paper analyzes what participatory opportunities are provided to users in children’s virtual worlds, and how participation is constrained by the commercial strategies (the sale of virtual goods and VIP membership). This paper also looks into the ways in which the producer discursively represents the virtual world, and how the users relate tactically to the commercial strategies. The empirical material includes 20 individual interviews with 9-year-old children, 12 group interviews (in total 46 participants) with 9- and 12-year-old children, as well as interviews with 18 marketers and advertising agency professionals. The case study of the virtual world Habbo Hotel includes online observations, one producer interview and document analysis. The thesis combines different theoretical perspectives that mainly are productive for understanding the subjectivities and practices of children and producers. Michel de Certeau’s (1984) theory on practices in everyday life is of special importance in the thesis and is used in three of the papers. <br/> The results show the mulitiplicity and ambivalence of children’s practices with regard to online advertising; the children engaged tactically with advertising through different forms of avoidance tactics and “tactics of the mind” (such as critique), and the children also expressed how they engaged non-tactically with advertising, such as sitting and watching advertisements without wanting to. They primarily considered advertising as an intruder that obstructed their internet usage, and which introduced moments of struggle, deception, confrontation and resignation. However, advertising was also engaged with as entertainment and information. These results suggest that the commercial online environment, particularly advertising-based mobile games, is a demanding environment for children. The case study of the virtual world Habbo Hotel reveals, among other things, how the producer’s main strategy was to provide rather unrestricted opportunities for social participation, and based on that market virtual goods and VIP membership through methods that, for instance, took advantage of children’s need to gain status in the peer group. The producer-oriented study shows how the advertising producers discursively evaded the power relationship existing between them and the child audience; they either refuted or distanced themselves from the subject position “producer of child-directed advertising” and legitimized their practices by arguing that their advertisements were directed to, for instance, parents and the family, or by downplaying the marketing dimension of branded entertainment. Children were constructed in ambivalent ways, as both vulnerable and incompetent, and as competent and dependent. These results contribute to our understanding of how cultural context shapes the notion of the child audience among producers. <br/> Barns internetanvändning äger i stor utsträckning rum i en kommersiell miljö där reklam och försäljning av virtuella föremål är ständigt närvarande. Genom att kombinera publikforskning, produktionsforskning samt textanalys (observationer online och dokumentanalys) bidrar denna avhandling till en kritisk förståelse av internet som en plats för barns vardagliga aktiviteter och deltagande, och som en arena för kommersiella aktörer vilka försöker påverka barn online. Två artiklar analyserar barnens perspektiv, nämligen hur barn förhåller sig till och hanterar onlinereklam, samt vilka konsekvenser reklam har för deras medieupplevelser och användning. Vidare fokuserar två artiklar på reklamproducenternas perspektiv, och analyserar hur producenter som är involverade i att göra reklam till barn på internet konstruerar bilden av sig själva, sina praktiker samt barnpubliken. Därtill studerar en artikel barns möjligheter för deltagande i virtuella världar, och hur affärsmodellen, som baserar sig på försäljning av virtuella föremål och VIP-medlemskap, på olika sätt begränsar möjligheter för deltagande. Denna artikel analyserar även hur producenten representerar sina praktiker, samt hur användarna förhåller sig taktiskt till de kommersiella strategierna. Det empiriska materialet består av 20 individuella intervjuer med barn i 9-årsåldern, 12 gruppintervjuer med barn i 9- och 12-årsåldern (totalt 46 deltagare), samt intervjuer med 18 reklamproducenter. Fallstudien, som fokuserar på den virtuella världen Habbo Hotel, inkluderar onlineobservationer, dokumentanalys och en producentintervju. Avhandlingen kombinerar olika teoretiska perspektiv som är fruktbara för att studera individers subjektiviteter och vardagspraktiker. Michel de Certeaus (1984) perspektiv på praktiker i vardagslivet är av särskild betydelse i avhandlingen och används analytiskt i tre artiklar. <br/> Resultaten visar att barn har ett komplext och ambivalent förhållningssätt till reklam på internet. De intervjuade barnen såg reklam främst som en inkräktare som hindrar och stör deras internetanvändning, och som frambringar stunder av konfrontation, kamp, misstro och resignation. Resultaten visar således att den kommersiella internetmiljön, och särskilt reklamfinansierade mobilspel, är en krävande miljö för barnen. De intervjuade barnen beskrev även hur reklam på internet stundtals utgjorde en källa till information om produkter de är intresserade av, samt hur de ibland tog till sig reklam som underhållning. Analysen av den virtuella världen Habbo Hotel visar bland annat hur producenten strategiskt arbetar för att attrahera användare genom att tillhandahålla obegränsade möjligheter för social interaktion i chatten, och utifrån detta försöka sälja virtuella föremål och VIP-medlemskap genom metoder som exempelvis spelar på barns vilja att nå status i kompisgruppen. Studien som fokuserar på reklamproducenterna visar hur dessa producenter på olika sätt försökte undvika att bli förknippade med praktiken att göra reklam till barn på internet. De framhöll exempelvis att de annonserade till föräldrar och familjen, eller att reklamspel främst var underhållning och pedagogiska spel, snarare än reklam. Producenternas konstruktion av barn som reklampublik var mångfacetterad och ambivalent, där barn konstruerades som sårbara och inkompetenta, men även som kompetenta och beroende av familjen. Dessa resultat bidrar till vår förståelse av hur kulturell kontext formar bilden av barnet hos medieproducenter. <br/><br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ce9cfdd0-1176-4db9-bb7b-af3b978817b7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19637631/e_spik_version_carolina.pdf application/pdf 4539602 no Lund University 2017 eng internetreklam internet reklamspel barn reklamproducenter marknadsförare mobilspel virtuella världar online advertising internet mobile games children advertising professionals marketers virtual worlds tactics Media and Communications 978-91-7753-012-1 978-91-7753-013-8 266 2017-02-03T10:15:00+01:00 ce9cfdd0-1176-4db9-bb7b-af3b978817b7 2017-01-10T09:57:17+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-10T09:57:17+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ae43bfe9-7409-450e-8949-8e9a478b53b8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Rikard Warlenius author 43637d47-df16-4341-b6c1-6f6894cb6f6a Alf Hornborg supervisor f6c93a17-5bff-4b36-90e3-2cb119ea0d0d Anne Jerneck supervisor 3069f94c-b7d5-48fe-aa1a-d9afbc82f6d9 Professor Joan Martinez-Alier opponent ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Human Ecology v1000679 department In this compilation thesis, consisting of six papers and an introductory chapter, the concepts of ecological debt, climate debt, ecologically unequal exchange, and unequal carbon sink appropriation are at the centre. Their intellectual and political histories are traced to environmental justice movements, ecological economics and neo-Marxist economics. They are developed conceptually and linked together analytically using a stock-flow perspective. <br/><br/>Special concern is devoted to climate debt as understood by the climate justice movement. Its claims on climate debt are identified, their normative assumptions tested and climate debt is quantified as consisting of both an emission debt and an adaptation debt. <br/><br/>The last paper focus on a historical case study, where a method for measuring ecologically unequal exchange – time-space appropriation – is applied to discuss core and peripheries in the early modern world system, indicating a Sinocentric world economy. <br/><br/>In the introductory chapter, sections on critical realism and mixed methods research position the thesis theoretically and methodologically. The concepts at the centre of the thesis are synthesized into what is called an ecological-economic asymmetries approach. Further, the possibilities to base the approach on ecological Marxism and historical-geographical materialism are explored and a potential future research strategy sketched. <br/> I centrum för denna sammanläggningsavhandling, som består av sex artiklar och ett introduktionskapitel, står koncepten ekologisk skuld, klimatskuld, ekologiskt ojämnt utbyte och ojämn appropriering av kolsänkor. Begreppens idéhistoria och politiska historia spåras bakåt till miljörättviserörelsen, ekologisk ekonomi och neo-marxistisk ekonomi. De utvecklas konceptuellt och länkas samman analytiskt genom ett lager-flödeperspektiv.<br/><br/>Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas åt klimatskuld, så som det används av klimaträttviserörelsen. Dess uppfattningar om klimatskuld identifieras, de normativa utgångspunkterna testas och klimatskuld kvantifieras som bestående av både en utsläppsskuld och en anpassningsskuld.<br/><br/>Den sista texten fokuserar på en historisk fallstudie, där en metod för att mäta ekologiskt ojämnt utbyte – ”time-space appropriation” – används för att diskutera centrum och periferi i det tidigmoderna världssystemet; resultatet indikerar en sinocentrisk världsekonomi. <br/><br/>Avsnitt om kritisk realism och blandade metoder (”mixed methods”) i introduktionskapitlet positionerar avhandlingen teoretiskt och metodologiskt. Koncepten i centrum för avhandlingen syntetiseras ihop till vad som kallas ”ecological-economic asymmetries approach”. Vidare undersöks möjligheterna att basera denna ”approach” på ekologisk marxism och historisk-geografisk materialism, och en möjlig, framtida forskningsstrategi skisseras.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ae43bfe9-7409-450e-8949-8e9a478b53b8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19639121/Avhandling_inkl_omslag.pdf application/pdf 6654183 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19721188/Asymmetries_Introductory_chapter.pdf application/pdf 2896782 no Lund University 2017-01-16 eng Environmental justice Ecological debt Ecologically unequal exchange Environmental history Ecological Marxism Ecological economics World system analysis Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified 978-91-7753-146-3 978-91-7753-147-0 284 2017-02-10T13:00:00+01:00 ae43bfe9-7409-450e-8949-8e9a478b53b8 2017-01-10T11:46:02+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-10T11:46:02+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2af9cc38-21f6-46cf-a33c-a18fe8129c3f 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Ulrika Lindberg author c02c2710-0109-4316-8e47-46122e652ae3 Mårten Segelmark supervisor 4e065daf-204d-4afe-994d-ad54279f81e3 Thomas Hellmark supervisor 0627955b-94d7-4c64-b450-c6d7f03d2312 professor Lena Hjelte opponent Stockholm Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine v1000434 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2af9cc38-21f6-46cf-a33c-a18fe8129c3f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19639557/spik_ex_1.pdf application/pdf 2517446 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-407-2 112 2017-02-03T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:26 2af9cc38-21f6-46cf-a33c-a18fe8129c3f 2017-01-10T11:50:59+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-10T11:50:59+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:204a9d56-c957-43a6-b08e-95ca8de6bd54 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Department of Chemistry, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Aboma Merdasa author 3b44399d-1ba9-4411-b158-23742996415a Ivan Scheblykin supervisor d5fad9e8-59a6-42f4-9d92-56b857f3de06 Prof. Dr. Maria Antonietta Loi opponent University College Groningen, The Netherlands Chemical Physics v1000658 department Optical microscopy is a fundamental tool in a range of disciplines encompassed by the physical and biological sciences. At the dawn of this millennium, a break-through was made in optical microscopy where super-resolution methods emerged and declared imaging beyond the optical diffraction limit a possibility. Most of these methods are based on fluorescence detection of single molecules. These methods found particular prominence in the life sciences where small structures could be observed inside living organisms, due to the non-invasiveness of light.<br/> <br/>Currently there is a growing notion that these methods can be applied in physics and chemistry to study photo-induced phenomena in materials with resolution at the nanoscale. The aim of this thesis is to explore and develop these possibilities to study energy and charge transport in functional materials interesting for light harvesting and solar-energy conversion. We present a novel wide-field super-resolution microscopy method adapted from localization microscopy. In combination with fluorescence spectroscopy it allows for an interrogation of a material’s photophysical properties down to the nanometer scale. We call the method super-resolution luminescence micro-spectroscopy (SuperLuMS). <br/><br/>One of the examples that we present here is a study of energy migration and trapping in individual molecular J-aggregates. We show that so-called ‘outliers’ (seldomly occurring trapping states) completely determine the exciton transport and dominate the fluorescence response. We also show that hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are ideal objects for luminescence microscopy. These “hot” solar cell and light-emitting materials possess rich structures at scales just beyond optical diffraction limit making them an ideal “playground” for employing SuperLuMS and demonstrating its abilities.<br/><br/>The dynamics of charge carrier recombination in these materials is controlled by trapping and, as we demonstrate here, possess a great spatial inhomogeniety. For the first time we showed that one single trap can control the fate of charge carries in micrometer sized perovskite crystals which has important consequences for optical design of solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. We were also able to observe details of light-induced degradation and crystal phase transition in individual hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite crystals. <br/><br/>We believe SuperLuMS is an approach which will continue to evolve and find more diverse applications in material science.<br/> ”Seeing is believing” är ett koncept fött ur människans oändliga nyfikenhet att veta mer. Otvivelaktigt så har modern vetenskap vuxit fram ur denna naturliga strävan efter att vilja veta mer. Från ett tidigt stadium har mikroskopi varit en hörnsten i många vetenskapsdiscipliner. Redan i ett tidigt skede filosoferade mikroskopister kring vad de minsta beståndselarna av naturen är och om vi ens kan beskåda dem med hjälp av ett mikroskop. År 1873 förklarade Ernst Abbe att naturens fundamentala lagar förhindrar direkt iakttagande av objekt som är mindra än halva våglängden av det ljus som objektet utstrålar – ljusets diffraktionsgräns. Nästan 150 år efter att denna gräns etablerats lyckades vetenskapsmän bryta denna gräns med hjälp av ett par fyndiga knep. Genom att på ett välkontrollerat sätt fästa enskilda molekyler på objektet av intresse och sen få dem att skina en åt gången så kunde man successivt lokalisera deras positioner och därmed skapa en så kallad ”super-upplöst” bild av objektet. Med dessa metoder kunde inre beståndsdelar av levande organismer på en nanometerskala studeras, vilket har under de senaste åren börjat ge svar på många frågor inom biologi och medicin. För denna bragd fick dessa vetenskapsmän Nobelpriset i Kemi år 2014.<br/><br/>Så vad mer kan dessa metoder användas till? Det har på senare tid vuxit fram ett intresse för att studera så kallade ”funktionella material”, som ofta används i solceller och ljusdioder. Dessa material är ofta långt större än en enskild molekyl men de processer som är intressanta att förstå kan inträffa på en väldigt liten storleksskala. Det är därför av större intresse att veta hur de små beståndsdelarna, som är del av en större ensemble ger upphov till diverse processer förknippade med exempelvis verkningsgraden av solceller.<br/><br/>Vi introducerar en ny metod som sammanbinder högupplöst optisk mikroskopi och spektroskopi vilket ger möjlighet att studera processer i större funktionella material på en nano-skala. Med denna metod, som vi kallar super-resolution luminescence micro- spectroscopy (SuperLuMS) har vi börjat studera material som kan användas för solceller och lyckats förstå vilka grundläggande processer som sker när materialet belyses med solljus. Vi har kunnat identifiera hur energin rör sig i materialet, samt förstå vilka processer som eventuellt skulle kunna hämma effektiviteten av solceller eller ljusdioder. Metoden är inte bara ämnad för solcellsmaterial utan vi är förvissade om att SuperLuMS kan hitta tillämpningar för funktionella material i allmänhet. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/204a9d56-c957-43a6-b08e-95ca8de6bd54 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19639755/Super_Resolution_Luminescence_Micro_Spectroscopy_A_nano_scale_view_of_solar_cell_material_photophysics.pdf application/pdf 6450622 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Physics 2017-01 eng super-resolution microscopy Single Molecule Spectroscopy J-aggregates perovskites photophysics Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics Materials Chemistry 978-91-7422-496-2 978-91-7422-497-9 171 2017-01-27T10:15:00+01:00 204a9d56-c957-43a6-b08e-95ca8de6bd54 2017-01-10T13:17:26+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-10T13:17:26+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5bf2fdd8-62f3-4599-beec-27ef73b807fd 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rådhuset, Helsingborg 1 Anna-Karin Lindgren author e47296df-ac9b-4459-8b6f-04ea425776ea Eva Melander supervisor fd8e026f-9ab1-4a64-bc69-998fcbaf9fc3 Inga Odenholt supervisor 1e2de77a-37b9-4f02-8260-dea587e48def associate professor Johan Struwe opponent The Public Health Agency of Sweden Infectious Diseases Research Unit v1000509 department Infectious Diseases Research Unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5bf2fdd8-62f3-4599-beec-27ef73b807fd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19641682/Avhandling_MRSA.pdf application/pdf 1097087 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng MRSA, epidemiologi, behandling, eradikering Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-402-7 69 2017-02-10T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:21 5bf2fdd8-62f3-4599-beec-27ef73b807fd 2017-01-10T19:47:29+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-10T19:47:29+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fd0f2599-fb5d-4987-bdc9-c0312f47170d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aula, The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Tegnérsplatsen 4, Lund. 1 Alvar Palm author 3d23fdb8-6a8d-486d-a067-b3c17db4eb26 Lena Neij supervisor 488d2337-2abd-4c5a-905f-d770d6451f8e Eva Heiskanen supervisor 69856167-01fa-4ea5-8dbe-a4453bd97c6d Professor Harald Rohracher opponent Linköping University The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics v1000927 department In order to support a sustainability transition in the energy sector, actors need knowledge about barriers and drivers to the deployment of clean energy technologies. Solar photovoltaics (PV) is a renewable energy technology that is technically mature and on the verge of becoming economically competitive in numerous regions around the world. Not least in the residential segment, PV has considerable potential. Even after residential PV has reached economic competitiveness, however, the technology might still face important barriers in the sociotechnical system in which it is to be deployed. <br/><br/>This thesis aims at adding knowledge about barriers and drivers to the deployment of residential PV systems. The research takes a sociotechnical systems perspective and demonstrates how the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework can be amended by the business models and the diffusion of innovations frameworks to study the deployment of a mature technology in a catching-up market, treating technology development and production as a ‘black box’. The research is largely based on case studies and uses various modes of data collection and analysis. The bulk of the research was performed in Swedish settings on the national and local levels, although the United States, Germany and Japan were also studied. Studying these different contexts, the thesis builds knowledge about barriers and drivers on different spatial scales. The researched focused on the period between 2009 and 2014. <br/><br/>The results highlight various barriers and drivers in the studied contexts. On the national level, the Swedish sociotechnical system for PV deployment has been immature and infested by various institutional barriers. Swedish subsidies for PV deployment have been flawed with uncertainties, complexities and discontinuations, and there have been important uncertainties regarding the future development of the institutional set-up. The results also demonstrate how barriers in different national contexts have been decisive for what kinds of business models for PV deployment that have been viable. On the local level in Sweden, the results show how actors such as local electric utilities and private individuals have influenced homeowners to adopt PV through information dissemination and social influence (peer effects). The results can inform policymakers, firms and other actors as to how to support PV deployment. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fd0f2599-fb5d-4987-bdc9-c0312f47170d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19942938/Palm_Alvar_2017_PhD_thesis_without_papers_.pdf application/pdf 1515398 no IIIEE, Lund University 2017 eng Solar photovoltaics (PV) renewable energy sustainability transitions technology deployment diffusion of innovations barriers drivers space technological innovation system (TIS) technology adoption business model peer effects Social Sciences 978-91-7753-122-7 978-91-7753-123-4 170 2017-02-08T13:00:00+01:00 fd0f2599-fb5d-4987-bdc9-c0312f47170d 2017-01-11T14:59:07+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-11T14:59:07+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c54a452c-039f-488b-923f-91540663f4cd 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentrum I, lecture hall "Världen", Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Minchao Wu author f6980dfc-847f-475d-8ca8-c787ad4dcd33 Markku Rummukainen supervisor 1fdcac6f-78e3-4376-933f-194910721bc8 Guy Schurgers supervisor fbf155da-ca78-4ea6-bf4f-907d89269c58 Paul Miller supervisor f0ccbb8b-12e7-4e35-9dec-799053c3c695 Dr. Christine Delire opponent Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, Toulouse, France Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system v1000618 department Land-atmosphere interactions and regional Earth system dynamics due to natural and anthropogenic vegetation changes project Observation and modelling studies have indicated that the global land surfaces have been undergoing significant changes in the past few decades, driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, such as changes in ecosystem productivity, fire and land use. Land surface changes can potentially influence local and regional climate through land-atmosphere interactions. Continued greenhouse gas emissions and current socioeconomic trends are expected to drive further land cover changes in the future, thus further understanding of land-atmosphere interactions including different feedback mechanisms is necessary to understand how future climate change will continue unfolding. Land-atmosphere interactions vary under different conditions. The strength of local land-atmosphere interactions depends on the capabilities of different land covers to control surface energy and mass exchanges, including latent and sensible heat, water and carbon. Local feedbacks can also influence regional to global climate, such as circulation changes that affect regional energy and moisture transport, or cloud cover that affects incoming radiation. Regional Earth system models (RESMs) with high resolution dynamical downscaling approaches and incorporating individual-based vegetation dynamics add value to the traditional global climate modelling studies for regions with highly complex topography or/and pronounced seasonal water deficits, potentially allowing for more refined land-atmosphere interactions studies thanks to more realistic vegetation dynamics and biophysical feedbacks, more accurate regional climate dynamics and overall richer spatial detail.<br/>In this thesis, I investigated regional land surface changes due to natural and anthropogenic vegetation changes and their impacts on land-atmosphere interactions, by applying a dynamical downscaling approach with RCA-GUESS, a RESM that couples the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA4 to LPJ-GUESS, an ecosystem model that combines an individual-based representation of vegetation structure and dynamics with process-based physiology and biogeochemistry. Europe, Africa and South America were chosen as research domains. In the land surface study based on LPJ-GUESS simulations, I showed that future changes in the fire regime over Europe, driven by climate and socioeconomic change, were important for projecting future land surface changes. Fire-vegetation interactions and socioeconomic effects emerged as important uncertainties for future burned area. My study on land-atmosphere interactions based on RCA-GUESS simulations indicated that the hydrological cycle in the tropics was sensitive to land cover changes over semi-arid regions in Africa, and that biophysical feedbacks were important through their modulation of regional circulation patterns. A study based on the analysis of empirical datasets and CMIP5 ESMs outputs revealed that simulated climate biases are the main cause of model-data discrepancies. Models and data shared a marked hydrological relationship that suggested that decreased precipitation and land use change constituted the largest threats to the future Amazon forest. A study based on RCA-GUESS simulations with a realistic land use scenario identified both positive and negative impacts of land use on natural ecosystem productivity in the Amazon through its effects on the local and the regional climate. Observationer och modelleringsstudier har visat att den globala markytan har genomgått betydande förändringar under de senaste decennierna, drivet av både naturliga och antropogena faktorer, såsom förändringar i ekosystemens produktivitet, bränder och markanvändning. Markytans förändringar kan potentiellt påverka det lokala och regionala klimatet genom förändringar i processer som sker mellan jordytan och atmosfären. Markanvändningsförändringar förväntas fortsätta i framtiden och det är nödvändigt att öka förståelsen av interaktioner mellan jordytan och atmosfären, inklusive olika återkopplingsmekanismer, för att öka vår kunskap om framtida klimatförändringar. Styrkan i lokala interaktioner mellan landytan och atmosfären beror på olika landskaps förmåga att påverka utbytet av energi, vatten och växthusgaser. Även när dessa växelverkan sker lokalt kan det påverka klimatet regionalt och globalt genom cirkulationsförändringar som påverkar energi- och fukttransport, eller förändringar i molntäcket som i sin turpåverkar inkommande strålningen. Nedskalning av resultat från globala klimatmodeller med regionala jordningssystemmodeller (RESMs) förbättrar klimatsimuleringars rumsliga detaljer och återger mer korrekt klimatdynamik, speciellt i regioner med varierande topografi. <br/>I denna avhandling använde jag en dynamisk nedskalningsmodell RCA-GUESS, en RESM som kopplar Rossby Centres regionala klimatmodell RCA4 till LPJ-GUESS, en ekosystemmodell som kombinerar en individbaserad representation av vegetationsstruktur och dynamik med processbaserad fysiologi och biogeokemi. Jag undersökte regionala markyteförändringar och relaterade interaktioner mellan jordytan och atmosfären över tre olika geografiska områden. Detta arbete bidrar till förståelsen av rollen av vegetationsdynamik och socioekonomiska faktorer − såsom markanvändning och bränder − i regional jordsystemsdynamik. I en markytestudie baserad på LPJ-GUESS simuleringar visar jag att framtida förändringar i brandregimen i Europa orsakad av klimat- och socioekonomiska förändringar är viktiga för att förutsäga framtida förändringar av markytan. Samspel mellan bränder och vegetation och socioekonomiska effekter identifierades som viktiga osäkerheter för framtida brandområden. Studien om land-atmosfär interaktioner baserade på RCA-GUESS simuleringar visar att det hydrologiska kretsloppet i tropikerna är känsligt för förändringar av marktäcket i halvtorra områden i Afrika, och att biofysiska kopplingar är viktiga genom deras förändrade regionala cirkulationsmönster. En studie baserad på analys av empiriska dataset och CMIP5 jordsystemsmodeller (ESMs) visar att bias hos simulerat klimat är den huvudsakliga orsaken till diskrepans mellan modeller och data. Modeller och data visar på ett liknande hydrologiskt förhållande som antyder att minskad nederbörd och ändrad markanvändning utgör de huvudsakliga hoten för den framtida ecosystemet i Amazonas. En uppföljningsstudie baserad på RCA-GUESS simuleringar med realistiskt markanvändningsscenario visar de potentiella effekterna av markanvändning på de naturliga ekosystemens produktivitet i Amazonas som uppstår i och med påverkan på det lokala och regionala klimatet. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c54a452c-039f-488b-923f-91540663f4cd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19729345/Kappa_v2.0_mediatryck.pdf application/pdf 1505315 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2017-01 eng land-atmosphere interactions RCA-GUESS LPJ-GUESS Vegetation dynamics Fire Natural Sciences 978-91-85793-73-0 978-91-85793-74-7 55 2017-02-03T10:00:00+01:00 c54a452c-039f-488b-923f-91540663f4cd 2017-01-12T01:41:48+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-12T01:41:48+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c877ac94-321a-44d7-afc0-d1b6f1fd6b36 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Världen”, Geocentre I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Norbert Pirk author ec990aac-2488-471f-b661-057c478f2564 Torben Christensen supervisor 95c69f58-cdcd-4ac3-8ad1-91a36d4d09b9 Mikhail Mastepanov supervisor e5ec1fdf-da75-47c4-b117-da2d0793c50e Frans-Jan Parmentier supervisor Hanne Christiansen supervisor Prof. Dr. Lars Kutzbach opponent Universität Hamburg, Germany Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Arctic environments have experienced strong warming in recent decades, which is affecting the carbon cycle of tundra ecosystems.<br/>Degrading permafrost, diminishing snow cover, and changing hydrology are examples of ongoing processes that affect the land-atmosphere interactions and seasonal ecosystem dynamics.<br/>Since a number of the affected processes involve the exchange of atmospheric greenhouse gases, such as the trace gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), there is a potential for these interactions to lead to climate feedbacks.<br/><br/>The impact this feedback could have on the global climate is currently not well known due to gaps in our knowledge about the involved processes.<br/>One reason for this mismatch is the scarcity of direct, continuous and comparable measurements of CH4 and CO2 fluxes in the high Arctic tundra.<br/>The relatively remote, harsh, and low-flux conditions dominating these environments for most of the year pose challenges for flux measurement techniques that have proven to work well at lower latitudes.<br/>The present study is, therefore, not only aiming to advance our understanding of trace gas exchanges in the Arctic tundra, but also trying to improve commonly-used flux measurement techniques to yield new insights.<br/><br/>The two main study sites of this work are located in permafrost-underlain wetlands in Adventdalen, Svalbard and Zackenberg, NE Greenland.<br/>These sites show distinctly different processes that govern the trace gas exchange throughout the different seasons:<br/>The snow-free season is characterized by high CH4 emissions, which seem to follow predictable spatial and temporal patterns. Large CO2 uptake by photosynthesis and release by respiration give rise to a large amplitude of net ecosystem exchange during the growing season.<br/>The autumnal freeze-in period can feature the highest gas emissions, most likely due to physical mechanisms connected to the soil freezing that release a part of the soil gas reservoir.<br/>During winter and spring a low level of microbial activity is sustained but the gas transport capability of the frozen soil is relatively low. Still, snowpack gas concentrations indicate consistent emissions of CH4 and CO2 from the soil.<br/>Around the snowmelt period, emissions of stored gases in the snowpack and soil are superimposed on the fast increase of biological activity. The flooded and heterogeneous conditions make the representative flux estimation extremely challenging around this time of year.<br/>The diverse range of processes governing the seasonal flux dynamics at these two study sites exemplifies the complexity and possibilities of predicting the resilience and vulnerability of Arctic tundra ecosystems to climate change. Arktiska miljöer har de senaste decennierna upplevt en stark temperaturökning, vilket påverkar tundrans kolcykel.<br/>Smältande permafrost, minskande snötäcke och förändringar i hydrologiska mönster är exempel på pågående processer som förändrar samspelet mellan mark och atmosfär samt ekosystemens säsongsdynamik.<br/>Då ett antal av dessa processer involverar utbyte av växthusgaser, såsom spårgaserna metan (CH4) och koldioxid (CO2), finns en möjlighet att dessa samspel har återkopplingar på klimatet.<br/><br/>Påverkan dessa återkopplingar skulle kunna ha på det globala klimatet är för tillfället inte speciellt välkänd på grund av bristande kunskap om de grundläggande processerna.<br/>En orsak till detta problem är brist på direkta, kontinuerliga och jämförbara flödesmätningar av CH4 och CO2 på den arktiska tundran.<br/>De relativt avlägsna och hårda miljöförhållandena samt de låga gasflöden som dominerar dessa miljöer under större delen av året ställer stora tekniska utmaningar på flödesmätningar, som annars har visats fungera väl på lägre breddgrader.<br/>Syftet med den här studien är därför både att fördjupa den nuvarande kunskapen om spårgasflöden och förbättra de allmänna teknikerna för att mäta dessa gasflöden.<br/><br/>De två huvudsakliga fältstationerna för den här studien ligger på myrområden med permafrost i Adventdalen, Svalbard och i Zackenberg, Nordöstra Grönland.<br/>Det finns tydliga skillnader mellan de processer som styr spårgasutbytet för dessa områden över året: <br/>Den snöfria säsongen karaktäriseras av höga utsläpp av CH4, som tycks följa ett förutsägbart spatialt och temporalt mönster.<br/>Under växtsäsongen ger fotosyntes och respiration upphov till stora svängningar i nettoekosystemutbytet av CO2.<br/>På hösten när marken fryser kan de högsta utsläppen från markens gasförråd förekomma, troligtvis genom fysikaliska mekanismer som uppträder i samband med att marken fryser.<br/>Under vinter och vår upprätthålls en låg mikrobiell aktivitet i marken, även om gastransporten genom den frusna marken är relativt låg. Trots detta visar snötäckets gaskoncentrationer jämna utsläpp av CH4 och CO2 från marken.<br/>Vid snösmältningen sker utsläpp av snötäckets och markens gasförråd samtidigt som den biologiska aktiviteten ökar snabbt. <br/>De översvämmade och heterogena våtmarkerna gör representativa uppskattningar av flöden mycket svåra under denna tid på året.<br/>Den mångfald av processer som styr flödesdynamiken på de två platserna exemplifierar komplexiteten och möjligheterna i att förutsäga sårbarhet och resiliens hos den arktiska tundran i ett förändrat klimat. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c877ac94-321a-44d7-afc0-d1b6f1fd6b36 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19725497/thesis_Pirk.pdf application/pdf 33328996 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2017 eng Arctic tundra methane carbon dioxide Physical Geography 978-91-85793-71-6 978-91-85793-72-3 145 2017-02-10T10:00:00+01:00 c877ac94-321a-44d7-afc0-d1b6f1fd6b36 2017-01-12T12:57:03+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-12T12:57:03+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1a42644c-322b-4750-a5f0-f48ff2c0cd8e 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Patrik Gilje author f62d9743-7473-44fe-be7a-9b4e93050e45 David Erlinge supervisor a19c7e47-1a4a-4dae-8606-2af13ddabf7a Oscar Braun supervisor 033640b0-dc37-475c-89ec-3cfab620f2d0 Matthias Götberg supervisor 79278024-b006-4da3-83b2-c5fa9d6e5f93 professor Per Tornvall opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Cardiology v1000432 department Molecular Cardiology v1000999 department Molecular Cardiology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1a42644c-322b-4750-a5f0-f48ff2c0cd8e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19769074/Biomarkers_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_and_cardiogenic_shock.pdf application/pdf 2345958 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng microRNA, biomarkers, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-373-0 69 2016-12-09T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:146 1a42644c-322b-4750-a5f0-f48ff2c0cd8e 2017-01-13T11:05:41+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z 2017-01-13T11:05:41+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:57677aae-79f2-4804-92ca-3918a37ba74a 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published KK-Aulan, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Malmö 1 Ann Nozohoor Ekmark author 42aa80c2-198d-4f62-82d3-de600d2305c8 Henry Svensson supervisor c5f1e34e-754e-44d1-b42b-d99e4ea97159 Emma Hansson supervisor 70353fd9-607f-41bb-985e-67576a381ef1 Einar Arnbjörnsson supervisor 3d4ad06c-e03c-43cb-a44c-c9aef3320f0d professor Agneta Nordensjöld opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö v1000476 department Surgery v1000516 department Pediatric surgery v1001067 department Surgery research group Pediatric surgery research group Abstract<br/>Aim The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the treatment and follow-up of patients undergoing hypospadias surgery at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, in an attempt to improve the overall care of these patients. It also aimed to investigate the tissue properties of the urethral plate and deep chordee in hypospadias patients with significant ventral curvature of the penile shaft.<br/>Methods Long term follow-up and patient reported outcomes in a cohort of 157 patients were investigated by chart review and a modified hypospadias functional outcome questionnaire. The hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) system was used to objectify the results. In addition, 36 patients with secondary hypospadias repairs were analysed via chart review and 10 patients scheduled for orthoplasty during 2014–2015 consented to biopsy of the urethral plate and deep chordee during surgery.<br/>Results HOSE analysis indicated that 86% of patients had satisfactory results after primary and secondary hypospadias repair. Overall fistula frequency was 11% after primary repair and post-pubertal follow-up. The HOSE analysis also showed that 82 to 92% of responding patients were neutral or more satisfied with their overall surgical outcomes, appearance, and urinary and sexual function and 90% of responders were satisfied or requested longer follow-up after surgery. In 22% of patients with salvage repairs, additional surgery was required because of complications or shortcomings after re-repairs per our treatment algorithm. All of the biopsy samples from the urethral plate and the deep chordee had similar tissue characteristics and the biopsies confirmed that chordee is a unique tissue entity. In addition, chronic inflammation, a finding not previously reported, was present in every biopsy specimen, with chronic inflammation in the urethral plate manifested as metaplasia in the form of urethritis cystica.<br/>Conclusions Our findings show that the long-term, post-pubertal complication rate after hypospadias surgery is low and that a majority of patients have satisfactory results. Patient-reported outcomes indicated that the responding patients were satisfied with their overall long-term surgical/functional outcomes and with the long-term follow-up program. We also found that our treatment algorithm can be applied successfully in cases of secondary hypospadias repairs, provided local tissues are available for flap coverage. In these cases, it is of particular importance to treat all ventral curvature, secondary to chordee and ventral scarring. Thus, many secondary salvage procedures must be handled in two sessions to optimise safety and minimise postoperative complications. Finally, we also report previously undescribed chronic inflammatory activity in tissue samples from urethral plates and deep chordee in patients with hypospadias and ventral curvature, which suggests a possible dynamic feature in this unique tissue entity. Abstract<br/>Aim The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the treatment and follow-up of patients undergoing hypospadias surgery at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, in an attempt to improve the overall care of these patients. It also aimed to investigate the tissue properties of the urethral plate and deep chordee in hypospadias patients with significant ventral curvature of the penile shaft.<br/>Methods Long term follow-up and patient reported outcomes in a cohort of 157 patients were investigated by chart review and a modified hypospadias functional outcome questionnaire. The hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) system was used to objectify the results. In addition, 36 patients with secondary hypospadias repairs were analysed via chart review and 10 patients scheduled for orthoplasty during 2014–2015 consented to biopsy of the urethral plate and deep chordee during surgery.<br/>Results HOSE analysis indicated that 86% of patients had satisfactory results after primary and secondary hypospadias repair. Overall fistula frequency was 11% after primary repair and post-pubertal follow-up. The HOSE analysis also showed that 82 to 92% of responding patients were neutral or more satisfied with their overall surgical outcomes, appearance, and urinary and sexual function and 90% of responders were satisfied or requested longer follow-up after surgery. In 22% of patients with salvage repairs, additional surgery was required because of complications or shortcomings after re-repairs per our treatment algorithm. All of the biopsy samples from the urethral plate and the deep chordee had similar tissue characteristics and the biopsies confirmed that chordee is a unique tissue entity. In addition, chronic inflammation, a finding not previously reported, was present in every biopsy specimen, with chronic inflammation in the urethral plate manifested as metaplasia in the form of urethritis cystica.<br/>Conclusions Our findings show that the long-term, post-pubertal complication rate after hypospadias surgery is low and that a majority of patients have satisfactory results. Patient-reported outcomes indicated that the responding patients were satisfied with their overall long-term surgical/functional outcomes and with the long-term follow-up program. We also found that our treatment algorithm can be applied successfully in cases of secondary hypospadias repairs, provided local tissues are available for flap coverage. In these cases, it is of particular importance to treat all ventral curvature, secondary to chordee and ventral scarring. Thus, many secondary salvage procedures must be handled in two sessions to optimise safety and minimise postoperative complications. Finally, we also report previously undescribed chronic inflammatory activity in tissue samples from urethral plates and deep chordee in patients with hypospadias and ventral curvature, which suggests a possible dynamic feature in this unique tissue entity. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/57677aae-79f2-4804-92ca-3918a37ba74a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21472940/AvhandlingenKomplettSpikning170215.pdf application/pdf 10654006 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Hypospadias hypospadias repair hypospadias surgery hypospadias hypospadias repair chordee Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-410-2 102 2017-03-16T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:29 57677aae-79f2-4804-92ca-3918a37ba74a 2017-02-15T11:11:33+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-02-15T11:11:33+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:52270ab3-e7c4-4eee-b21b-4297e374c178 2026-02-12T13:13:47Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall MA01, Matematikhusets Annex, Sölvegatan 18, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Tobias Palmér author 7bfe3d28-b079-4a04-b136-f1f535ff1155 Karl Åström supervisor 09474c08-47c3-44b8-9b6c-d4062a5a243f Olof Enqvist supervisor 6809b590-1f96-4b95-82da-22872050e78e Per Petersson supervisor f3bf6493-055e-4d4a-9825-23ae196ae449 Professor Robert Fischer opponent University of Edinburgh, UK ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering) v1000667 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Mathematical Imaging Group project The behavior of animals is commonly studied in medicine and biology. There is a large variation in what animals are studied, in experimental paradigms and purpose.<br/>However, many studies on animal behavior have at least one thing in common - it typically involves measuring or studying the kinematics of the animal. To allow for verifiable and quantitative behavioral analysis, the experiments are recorded and kinematic data is extracted from the videos using computer vision methods. This thesis deals with the development of methods that takes recorded videos as input and provides behavioral data as output. The system of methods can be split into three parts - tracking of animal pose, extraction of kinematic features and analysis of the features. This thesis focus mainly on the two first parts. However, an important aspect in the design of the system is that <i>all</i> parts should be compatible. Therefore, all method development has been conducted in collaboration with medical/biological scientists.<br/><br/>This thesis contains computer vision methods for tracking rats, marmosets, zebrafish, jellyfish and zooplankton.<br/>Most of the projects are represented by a scientific paper that outlines the computer vision methods, and a paper that focus on the medical/biological application of the computer vision based system.<br/>One of the methods is applied to study the correlation between fine-kinematic behavior and neuronal activity in rats. Another method is used to characterize the long term effects of the marmoset model of Parkinson's disease. Thirdly, a high-throughput system is developed to quantify drug-induced changes in zebrafish larvae behavior. Fourthly, steps are taken towards a system that allows for studying the correlation between visual stimuli and movement output in the box jellyfish. Lastly, nonlinear positioning methods are proposed for the purpose of studying e.g. multiple threat response in zooplankton inside an aquarium.<br/><br/>Additionally, and seemingly an outlier, this thesis features a novel method for estimating relative camera motion in an underwater setting. The method is not applied for analyzing animal behavior, but it is related to the geometrical problems of refraction encountered while positioning the zooplankton.<br/>In this project, we leverage the pseudo-depth information that is contained in underwater images to design a three point relative pose algorithm. The behavior of animals is commonly studied in medicine and biology. There is a large variation in what animals are studied, in experimental paradigms and purpose.<br/>However, many studies on animal behavior have at least one thing in common - it typically involves measuring or studying the kinematics of the animal. To allow for verifiable and quantitative behavioral analysis, the experiments are recorded and kinematic data is extracted from the videos using computer vision methods. This thesis deals with the development of methods that takes recorded videos as input and provides behavioral data as output. The system of methods can be split into three parts - tracking of animal pose, extraction of kinematic features and analysis of the features. This thesis focus mainly on the two first parts. However, an important aspect in the design of the system is that <i>all</i> parts should be compatible. Therefore, all method development has been conducted in collaboration with medical/biological scientists.<br/><br/>This thesis contains computer vision methods for tracking rats, marmosets, zebrafish, jellyfish and zooplankton.<br/>Most of the projects are represented by a scientific paper that outlines the computer vision methods, and a paper that focus on the medical/biological application of the computer vision based system.<br/>One of the methods is applied to study the correlation between fine-kinematic behavior and neuronal activity in rats. Another method is used to characterize the long term effects of the marmoset model of Parkinson's disease. Thirdly, a high-throughput system is developed to quantify drug-induced changes in zebrafish larvae behavior. Fourthly, steps are taken towards a system that allows for studying the correlation between visual stimuli and movement output in the box jellyfish. Lastly, nonlinear positioning methods are proposed for the purpose of studying e.g. multiple threat response in zooplankton inside an aquarium.<br/><br/>Additionally, and seemingly an outlier, this thesis features a novel method for estimating relative camera motion in an underwater setting. The method is not applied for analyzing animal behavior, but it is related to the geometrical problems of refraction encountered while positioning the zooplankton.<br/>In this project, we leverage the pseudo-depth information that is contained in underwater images to design a three point relative pose algorithm.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/52270ab3-e7c4-4eee-b21b-4297e374c178 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21228185/thesis.pdf application/pdf 39618188 no 1 Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical Statistics, Lund University 2017-02-09 eng Datorseende bildanalys djurbeteende neurofysiologi tillämpningar refraktion Computer vision animal tracking behavioral analysis refractions underwater images relative pose Computer graphics and computer vision Other Mathematics Computational Mathematics 978-91-7753-167-8 978-91-7753-168-5 299 2017-03-08T10:15:00+01:00 52270ab3-e7c4-4eee-b21b-4297e374c178 2017-02-09T07:53:10+01:00 2026-02-12T13:13:47Z 2017-02-09T07:53:10+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8ff35566-54ce-4877-a92b-772ea459af91 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Medicinskt Forskningscentrum, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Malmö 1 Annarita Antelmi author 8df175f9-c003-424e-a8bd-c95a7016a0d0 Cecilia Svedman supervisor 001be226-c3a3-4bc8-8e66-1a38a9911214 Magnus Bruze supervisor 3aa4a187-1e75-4ec1-915f-0dc635dcc29a Erik Zimerson supervisor 447ea4e9-da03-4bfa-ba35-0d646113ea6b Malin Engfeldt supervisor 93b6323c-3ac0-41e3-b6fe-ee90cfc9e739 Caterina Foti supervisor Professor Emeritus of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Giorgio Assennato opponent Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Occupational and Environmental Dermatology v1000484 department Occupational and Environmental Dermatology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8ff35566-54ce-4877-a92b-772ea459af91 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21393336/2017.02.02_Thesis_AA.pdf application/pdf 851827 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Contact allergy permanent hair dyes hairdressers p-phenylenediamine toluene-2,5-diamine nitrile gloves high performance liquid chromatography polyvinyl chloride gloves in-vivo test Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-415-7 79 2017-03-10T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:34 8ff35566-54ce-4877-a92b-772ea459af91 2017-02-13T16:47:31+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-02-13T16:47:31+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:91a618cb-0e1e-46af-ba9f-76f9560692fe 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Margaret Samahita author eb295415-79df-448d-a75a-805123638054 Hj Holm supervisor 153b6bac-a2d5-40cf-aae1-c3392ba7fcec Frederik Lundtofte supervisor 53c7b3b1-cb1b-4cc4-9fa0-225b86d4298a Professor Kjell Arne Brekke opponent University of Oslo Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis consists of four papers studying image concerns in three unique settings. The first paper develops a model incorporating self-image into the buyer's utility in a ''Pay-What-You-Want'' (PWYW) pricing scheme. We introduce heterogeneity in consumption utility and image-sensitivity, generating different purchase decisions and optimal prices across individuals. When a good's fixed price is lower than a threshold fair value, PWYW can lead to a lower utility. This may result in a lower purchase rate and higher average price, accounting for previously unexplained field experimental evidence.<br/><br/>The second paper presents an analysis of PWYW in competition which explains its entry and limited spread in the market. Sellers choose their pricing schemes sequentially while consumers share their surplus. We show that the profitability and popularity of PWYW depend not only on consumers' preferences, but also on market structure, product characteristics and sellers' strategies. While there is no equilibrium where PWYW dominates the market, given a sufficiently high level of surplus-sharing and product differentiation, it is chosen by the second mover to avoid Bertrand competition.<br/><br/>The third paper is motivated by conflicts of self-interests which often lead to expression of emotion to unrelated parties. We study non-instrumental verbal expression in binary ultimatum games, where receivers can comment either privately or to a third-party audience prior to accepting or rejecting the offer. The potential for gossip is sufficient to induce image concerns in senders, resulting in fairer offers in the audience treatment. Consequently, despite insignificant effect on receivers' behavior, the possibility of verbal expression to an audience is found to increase co-operation and hence welfare. There is demand for verbal expression even when it is unobserved or not triggered by negative stimulus. We find no evidence that this is motivated by self-esteem.<br/><br/>In the fourth paper, we manipulate the information subjects can share on the web concerning socially sensitive actions (public good contribution) and visibility (selfie) to determine the effect on social image, as captured by the price subjects demand for publication. The overall conclusion from the experiment is that theory about social reputation can predict subjects' social-signaling behavior. People take costly decisions to ''filter'' information about themselves (in retrospect) before it is published. We also report results of a more exploratory nature and find that taking a selfie has a strong negative impact on cooperation among frequent selfie takers, but not on other subjects. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/91a618cb-0e1e-46af-ba9f-76f9560692fe https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21975433/thesis.pdf application/pdf 2389942 no Department of Economics, Lund University 2017-02-27 eng self-image social image signaling Pay-What-You-Want competition co-operation communication selfie Economics 978-91-7753-124-1 978-91-7753-125-8 169 2017-03-24T10:15:00+01:00 91a618cb-0e1e-46af-ba9f-76f9560692fe 2017-02-27T21:26:11+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-27T21:26:11+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9c488ad2-4bcd-4846-902b-d4ab7615f482 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Hana Nielsen author c91cd8de-bad6-4510-b068-5509d1c67c60 Astrid Kander supervisor 72aa2f95-7e05-4363-9883-be1d6c2a199c Kerstin Enflo supervisor d4c286de-1917-4dd1-b4d5-da6f8ae76f2d Professor Herman de Jong opponent Groningen University Department of Economic History v1000022 department This thesis employs an international comparative perspective to empirically analyse the Czech energy transition between 1830 and 2010. It addresses the utilization of energy in shaping modern economic growth through structural and technological change and the implications of those changes on specialization and foreign trade. New historical data is collected and utilized to investigate the impact of changing institutional settings on energy and economic growth. Through its six papers, the thesis examines how the Czech Republic underwent substantial economic transformation, driven largely by the availability of domestic coal. Coal was important for the location of industries and led to the formation of new industrial clusters and complementary industries. This brought about the region’s first industrialization and gave rise to far-reaching consequences for the country’s development. In the period leading up to Second World War, energy intensity and energy-intensive patterns of trade bore a striking resemblance to the coal-rich West. Post-war institutional turmoil and the seizure of power by the Communist Party led to rapid structural change and forced Czechoslovakia off its energy transition path. The temporary increase in the country’s energy intensity during this central-planning period was, however, far less of a systematic failure. As such, this thesis challenges the general perception of inefficiencies related to a system of central-planning, and for the first time provides quantitative evidence on the East-West divide. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9c488ad2-4bcd-4846-902b-d4ab7615f482 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22013945/e_nailing_PDF_Hana_Nielsen_Kappa.pdf application/pdf 1047257 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2017-03-24 eng industrialization coal modern economic growth central planning iron and steel energy efficiency Economic History 978-91-87793-30-1 978-91-87793-31-8 300 2017-03-24T13:15:00+01:00 9c488ad2-4bcd-4846-902b-d4ab7615f482 2017-02-28T14:48:36+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-28T14:48:36+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:31f9d387-68f0-42a3-a33f-3e5e608ca079 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Ihdina Sukma Dewi author b8e52719-12b1-4aba-b4a3-06b1f44f3087 Jenny Öhman supervisor 05286350-e32d-4a3a-90f8-69b03e241378 Olof Gidlöf supervisor 1278e5ae-6242-4fea-815e-f1c54abb005b professor Ebo De Muinck opponent Department of Cardiology, Linköping University Cardiology v1000432 department Cardiovascular Epigenetics v1001006 department Cardiovascular Epigenetics research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/31f9d387-68f0-42a3-a33f-3e5e608ca079 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22014619/Doctoral_Thesis_Ihdina_Sukma_Dewi.pdf application/pdf 3769522 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease 978-91-7619-425-6 2017-03-24T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:45 31f9d387-68f0-42a3-a33f-3e5e608ca079 2017-02-28T16:00:57+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-02-28T16:00:57+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7edeb430-cf5b-4e13-8683-8e9bbf1f8d52 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Helena Mörse author 4346f95f-9bfa-45ec-a317-dc2439be9360 Ingrid Øra supervisor bdfd173c-09bc-45dd-98d0-2ccd25791155 Maria Elfving supervisor e938512e-1deb-4d48-bf16-4d348155c463 Aleksander Giwercman supervisor 02a7e6a9-e7a3-4973-9763-386249286a6e Pål Wölner-Hanssen supervisor 40a577b3-c88b-4da7-95c9-cff3d9451c85 professor Smita Bhatia opponent University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA Childhood Cancer Research Unit v1001065 department Paediatrics (Lund) v1000473 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Childhood Cancer Research Unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7edeb430-cf5b-4e13-8683-8e9bbf1f8d52 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22251120/Sammanfattning_H_M_rse_.pdf application/pdf 5629913 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Cancer and Oncology Pediatrics 978-91-7619-418-8 2017-03-23T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:37 7edeb430-cf5b-4e13-8683-8e9bbf1f8d52 2017-03-01T13:04:11+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-03-01T13:04:11+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3a91e7a6-4683-4401-8395-5653f255fa70 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published KK Aula, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Peder Rogmark author 3be42ae0-018a-4f8d-9419-01e8eece5d0c Agneta Montgomery supervisor 74351515-cc07-4135-a952-0a30d032522f professor Ulf Gunnarsson opponent Umeå University Surgery v1000516 department Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö v1000476 department Surgery research group Incisional hernia is one of the most common complications (5–20%) after abdominal surgery. Surgery is the only option to cure a hernia. Symptoms of an incisional hernia depend on the size of the abdominal wall defect and the protruding tissue. About 30% of the patients with an incisional hernia will have an operation performed. Traditional surgical sutured techniques have very high recurrence rate, whereas recurrence rates can be substantially reduced using modern mesh techniques. Mesh placement in a retromuscular position have excellent results in curing the hernia, but often involves large incisions and demands dissection of the retromuscular space of the rectus abdominis muscles. The mesh reinforces the repair of the abdominal wall. Alternatively, a mesh can be placed in the abdominal cavity on the posterior surface of the abdominal wall, fixed with sutures or tackers. To prepare the abdominal wall all adhesions must be dissected with a risk of bowel injury.<br> A Swedish multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) PROLOVE has been performed on midline incisional hernia repair, comparing open (OHR) retromuscular mesh to laparoscopic (LHR) intraabdominal mesh techniques, focusing on pain and quality of life and a retrospective long term follow up for recurrence and QoL after the implementation of the retromuscular hernia repair at two specialist centers.<br> Paper I covers the RCT with 133 included patients in a short term perspective. Elsewhere laparoscopic techniques had proved to cause less postoperative pain, have fewer complications and shorten recovery. LHR had fewer surgical site infections (SSI) (p&lt;001). The operative techniques did not differ in pain and time to recovery. The preoperative quality of life (QoL) was low but restored to norm level at 3 weeks, with physical function being better after LHR.<br> Paper II covers 124 patients remaining at 1 year follow up for complications, QoL, and predictors for an uneventful recovery. The reoperation rates were similar; wound complications were more common in OHR, contrary to recurrence in LHR. Recurrence rate did not differ. QoL was restored after 8 weeks and maintained at 1 year at norm level. The LHR technique was a predictor for an uneventful recovery.<br> Paper III investigates the contraction behavior of a cohort of 36 meshes included in the PROLOVE trial. Patients with metal clip-marked meshes had x-ray exams within 2 days and 1 year after surgery. Mesh area change was in LHR –6% and in OHR +10%, probably within the limits of the technique used for measuring, and not regarded as clinically significant. No correlation was found between mesh area change and recorded pain levels.<br> Paper IV covers a long-term follow up of 11 years on 301 patients with midline incisional retromuscular hernia repair performed 1998–2006. Over all recurrence rate was 8%, with no difference between primary or secondary hernia repairs. Long term QoL was lower than the norm, similar to patients with 2 chronic conditions. Satisfaction with surgery high was high.<br> Conclusions<br> Incisional hernia patients have low QoL which is restored by both LHR and OHR, but OHR has more SSIs. OHR has excellent long-term outcome. Mesh contraction at LHR and OHR is not a clinical problem. Incisional hernia is one of the most common complications (5–20%) after abdominal surgery. Surgery is the only option to cure a hernia. Symptoms of an incisional hernia depend on the size of the abdominal wall defect and the protruding tissue. About 30% of the patients with an incisional hernia will have an operation performed. Traditional surgical sutured techniques have very high recurrence rate, whereas recurrence rates can be substantially reduced using modern mesh techniques. Mesh placement in a retromuscular position have excellent results in curing the hernia, but often involves large incisions and demands dissection of the retromuscular space of the rectus abdominis muscles. The mesh reinforces the repair of the abdominal wall. Alternatively, a mesh can be placed in the abdominal cavity on the posterior surface of the abdominal wall, fixed with sutures or tackers. To prepare the abdominal wall all adhesions must be dissected with a risk of bowel injury.<br> A Swedish multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) PROLOVE has been performed on midline incisional hernia repair, comparing open (OHR) retromuscular mesh to laparoscopic (LHR) intraabdominal mesh techniques, focusing on pain and quality of life and a retrospective long term follow up for recurrence and QoL after the implementation of the retromuscular hernia repair at two specialist centers.<br> Paper I covers the RCT with 133 included patients in a short term perspective. Elsewhere laparoscopic techniques had proved to cause less postoperative pain, have fewer complications and shorten recovery. LHR had fewer surgical site infections (SSI) (p&lt;001). The operative techniques did not differ in pain and time to recovery. The preoperative quality of life (QoL) was low but restored to norm level at 3 weeks, with physical function being better after LHR.<br> Paper II covers 124 patients remaining at 1 year follow up for complications, QoL, and predictors for an uneventful recovery. The reoperation rates were similar; wound complications were more common in OHR, contrary to recurrence in LHR. Recurrence rate did not differ. QoL was restored after 8 weeks and maintained at 1 year at norm level. The LHR technique was a predictor for an uneventful recovery.<br> Paper III investigates the contraction behavior of a cohort of 36 meshes included in the PROLOVE trial. Patients with metal clip-marked meshes had x-ray exams within 2 days and 1 year after surgery. Mesh area change was in LHR –6% and in OHR +10%, probably within the limits of the technique used for measuring, and not regarded as clinically significant. No correlation was found between mesh area change and recorded pain levels.<br> Paper IV covers a long-term follow up of 11 years on 301 patients with midline incisional retromuscular hernia repair performed 1998–2006. Over all recurrence rate was 8%, with no difference between primary or secondary hernia repairs. Long term QoL was lower than the norm, similar to patients with 2 chronic conditions. Satisfaction with surgery high was high.<br> Conclusions<br> Incisional hernia patients have low QoL which is restored by both LHR and OHR, but OHR has more SSIs. OHR has excellent long-term outcome. Mesh contraction at LHR and OHR is not a clinical problem. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3a91e7a6-4683-4401-8395-5653f255fa70 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22058450/Rogmark_P_2017_Thesis_Implementation_of_Modern_Incisional_Hernia_Repair_Techniques_ISBN_978_91_7619_417_1_.pdf application/pdf 9850260 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Hernia Mesh Repair Incisional Hernia Randomised Controlled Trial Mesh Contraction Long-term Outcome Open vs Laparoscopic Surgery Incisional Hernia Hernia Mesh Repair Randomised Controlled Trial Mesh Contraction Long-term Outcome Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery Surgery 978-91-7619-417-1 81 2017-03-24T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:36 3a91e7a6-4683-4401-8395-5653f255fa70 2017-03-01T19:09:06+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-03-01T19:09:06+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d70c7714-3d9b-4a70-a12e-2e1a3c28d44e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:C, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Linda Ekström author 74fdcee6-fb21-4cbf-b835-dd9dcf3f9e55 Elin Östman supervisor f9d86138-7d05-4423-b7ef-c03558cc0ced Inger Björck supervisor ebe14720-65af-4f65-bfb9-7925b7516488 Professor Inga Thorsdottir opponent School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum v1000921 department ANTIDIABETIC FOOD CENTRE project The prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasing all over the world. Frequent episodes of elevated postprandial blood glucose have been associated with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation, and the importance of a tight glycaemic control has been identified as an important factor to maintain health and prevent T2DM, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD).<br/>The aim was to investigate possibilities to tailor the course of postprandial glycaemia to bread in healthy adults in favour of reduced glycaemic index (GI) and increased glycaemic profile (GP) by inclusion of guar gum or β-glucans. GP is defined as the duration of the glucose curve above the fasting concentration divided by the incremental glucose peak. Effects on second meal glucose tolerance and appetite were also investigated. Furthermore, the potential use of in vitro measurements of starch hydrolysis rate (HI) and fluidity (FI) to predict course of postprandial glycaemia (GI and/or GP) was evaluated.<br/>In paper I, white wheat-based bread was supplemented with whole grain maize flour and different types and amounts of guar gum. Supplementation with medium weight guar gum (mwGG) resulted in lower postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia and improved acute appetite compared to the white wheat reference bread (WWB).<br/>In paper II, three commercially available β-glucans from barley and oats were baked into yeast leavened bread products. Even a low level of high molecular weight (MW) β-glucan elicited a lowering effect on postprandial glycaemia, indicating that the β-glucan quality is of importance.<br/>In paper III, mwGG and whole grain rye flour or high amylose maize starch (HAM) were combined in an effort to design bread products in favour of low but sustained glycaemia. The combination of mwGG and rye was superior, with improvements in subjective appetite. Additionally both mwGG in combination with whole grain rye flour and HAM led to improvements in biomarkers of appetite compared to the WWB.<br/>In paper IV, pasta or WWB were provided for breakfast and a standardised lunch meal was given 4 h later. The pasta breakfast resulted in reduced glycaemic excursions, both acute and after a second meal, which demonstrates the importance of considering not only the ingredients but also the food processing conditions.<br/>An indexed glycaemic profile (GPI) was introduced, allowing comparisons between studies. GPI was defined as GP for WWB divided by the GP for the test product taken by the same subject, multiplied by 100 and then presented as a mean of all individual values. GPI was better correlated to subjective appetite ratings compared to both GP and GI for the present studies. <br/>Both the measures of HI and FI were related to GI, GPI, glucose iPeak, II and insulin iPeak (Spearman’s partial correlation, papers I-III). HI seems to better predict the glycaemic response, defined as GI or GPI, compared to FI.<br/>For the future, the importance of the course of glycaemia for long-term metabolic outcome should be evaluated, also including effects on weight regulation.<br/> The prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasing all over the world. Frequent episodes of elevated postprandial blood glucose have been associated with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation, and the importance of a tight glycaemic control has been identified as an important factor to maintain health and prevent T2DM, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD).<br/>The aim was to investigate possibilities to tailor the course of postprandial glycaemia to bread in healthy adults in favour of reduced glycaemic index (GI) and increased glycaemic profile (GP) by inclusion of guar gum or β-glucans. GP is defined as the duration of the glucose curve above the fasting concentration divided by the incremental glucose peak. Effects on second meal glucose tolerance and appetite were also investigated. Furthermore, the potential use of in vitro measurements of starch hydrolysis rate (HI) and fluidity (FI) to predict course of postprandial glycaemia (GI and/or GP) was evaluated.<br/>In paper I, white wheat-based bread was supplemented with whole grain maize flour and different types and amounts of guar gum. Supplementation with medium weight guar gum (mwGG) resulted in lower postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia and improved acute appetite compared to the white wheat reference bread (WWB).<br/>In paper II, three commercially available β-glucans from barley and oats were baked into yeast leavened bread products. Even a low level of high molecular weight (MW) β-glucan elicited a lowering effect on postprandial glycaemia, indicating that the β-glucan quality is of importance.<br/>In paper III, mwGG and whole grain rye flour or high amylose maize starch (HAM) were combined in an effort to design bread products in favour of low but sustained glycaemia. The combination of mwGG and rye was superior, with improvements in subjective appetite. Additionally both mwGG in combination with whole grain rye flour and HAM led to improvements in biomarkers of appetite compared to the WWB.<br/>In paper IV, pasta or WWB were provided for breakfast and a standardised lunch meal was given 4 h later. The pasta breakfast resulted in reduced glycaemic excursions, both acute and after a second meal, which demonstrates the importance of considering not only the ingredients but also the food processing conditions.<br/>An indexed glycaemic profile (GPI) was introduced, allowing comparisons between studies. GPI was defined as GP for WWB divided by the GP for the test product taken by the same subject, multiplied by 100 and then presented as a mean of all individual values. GPI was better correlated to subjective appetite ratings compared to both GP and GI for the present studies. <br/>Both the measures of HI and FI were related to GI, GPI, glucose iPeak, II and insulin iPeak (Spearman’s partial correlation, papers I-III). HI seems to better predict the glycaemic response, defined as GI or GPI, compared to FI.<br/>For the future, the importance of the course of glycaemia for long-term metabolic outcome should be evaluated, also including effects on weight regulation.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d70c7714-3d9b-4a70-a12e-2e1a3c28d44e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22095015/Linda_web.pdf application/pdf 4674325 no 150 MediaTryck Lund 2017 eng Postprandial glycaemia appetite prevention antidiabetic food inflammation GI glycaemic profile Other Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7422-505-1 978-91-7422-506-8 87 2017-03-29T09:15:00+02:00 d70c7714-3d9b-4a70-a12e-2e1a3c28d44e 2017-03-02T09:41:30+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-02T09:41:30+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:95fd8af3-a666-4f1a-8c24-b5fb7ed35376 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, Medicon Village, Lund 1 Nikolas Eleftheriou author b490219c-1147-40ff-ad78-f92e9c996b11 Kristian Pietras supervisor 71bf6926-2f34-46e3-ae7d-755281ed570e Håkan Axelson supervisor a1d0bccb-2f97-4916-b831-04853cc0faaf Ulf Eriksson supervisor 0d718e30-51db-47bd-9bb1-0c61ba4cd1c6 Principal investigator Mariona Graupera opponent Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge Experimental oncology v1001146 department Division of Translational Cancer Research v1000559 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Experimental oncology research group Angiogenesis provides growing tumors a source of nutrients and oxygen, and a route for metastatic dissemination. In recent years anti-angiogenic therapies that primarily target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling cascade have entered the clinic. However in practice, these have encountered unexpected mechanisms of resistance in many solid tumors, highlighting the need for further understanding of the basic biology behind alternative signaling pathways that drive angiogenesis. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of ligands and receptors are critical for vascular development and are widely implicated in cancer. Here we investigate the TGF-β signaling activity through endothelial cells (EC), including their impact on tumor angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination, through genetic modification and therapeutic inhibition.<br/>In papers I, II and IV we investigated the in vivo activing receptor-like kinase (ALK)1/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 signaling axis in various mouse models of cancer. ALK1-Fc, a soluble ALK1 receptor domain ligand trap for BMP9 and BMP10, was evaluated in preclinical models of pancreatic and breast cancer, showing a decrease in angiogenesis, tumor growth and number of metastases. These reductions were enhanced when combined with chemotherapy. In the adjuvant setting, ALK1-Fc had fewer metastases in orthotopic breast cancer cell models following tumor resection. Combined deficiency of the genes encoding ALK1 and endoglin synergistically decreased the volume of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, whereas BMP9 knockout mice display decrease in primary tumor burden, but an increase in vessel hypersprouting and hepatic micrometastases.<br/>In papers III and IV we investigated the roles of ALK5 and TGFBR2 in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor models with genetic modifications limited to endothelial cells (EC). Mice undergo EC-specific recombination prior to the tumor angiogenic switch for deletion of TGFBR2, ALK5, or expression of a constitutively active ALK5 mutant. EC deletion of ALK5 induced blood vessel hypersprouting in tumors and increased lymph node metastases, whereas constitutive activation of ALK5 in ECs increased hepatic metastases. TGFBR2 deletion in ECs strongly inhibits tumorigenesis, decreasing the number of tumors and tumor volume, and tumors presented with highly irregular vasculature.<br/>Our studies emphasize the impact of TGF-β signaling on tumor angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination, and this pathway presents potential targets in the development of clinical therapies. However the mechanism of action following pathway inhibition remains unclear, and further investigation is warranted. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/95fd8af3-a666-4f1a-8c24-b5fb7ed35376 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21970145/Nikolas_Eleftheriou_komplett.pdf application/pdf 38615344 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Cancer and Oncology 978-91-7619-422-5 58 2017-03-17T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:42 95fd8af3-a666-4f1a-8c24-b5fb7ed35376 2017-02-21T15:15:34+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-02-21T15:15:34+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:25557a96-2eec-43c4-8629-19ddd4b37c86 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Blå hallen”, Ecology building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 1 Anneli Jonstrup author bec3229d-1ff5-416b-8951-5d8948cd42e7 Stefan Andersson supervisor b80c6bce-a858-4068-aadf-5b68620c2748 Mikael Hedrén supervisor f07ffa71-1756-4ebf-9730-3637b7efc638 Dr. Renate A. Wesselingh opponent Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Biodiversity v1000603 department Plant species often adapt to local environmental conditions, which can result in the formation of genetically and phenotypically distinct ecotypes. Ecotypes can evolve rapidly, and may be a first step in the process of ecological speciation. Consequently, ecotypes may constitute an important part of the biodiversity in <br/>regions with a young flora, where few endemic taxa at the species level have had the time to evolve. The lack of knowledge regarding species showing evidence of ecotypic differentiation may, however, hamper proper taxonomic treatment and identification of units for conservation. In this thesis we study the intraspecific variation of the annual hemiparasitic herb Rhinanthus angustifolius. The species is divided into several subspecies that generally are assumed to be ecotypes. Some of the putative ecotypes are connected to traditionally managed human-created habitats that are threatened by changes in management practices. However, the distinctness and conservation value of the putative ecotypes remain unknown. Phenotypic plasticity may, for example, blur or exaggerate genetically based differences. Here, we use a combination of common-garden experiments and molecular genetic analyses to study local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and geographical structure within R. angustifolius. Moreover, we evaluate the distinctness of three putative ecotypes occurring in Sweden today. Our results support a history of genetic adaptation to local environmental conditions in Scandinavia after the last ice age. However, we observe a complex pattern of phenotypic variation rather than formation of distinct ecotypes. The major exception is a fen ecotype occurring in a few calcareous spring fens on the Baltic island of Gotland. In congruence with <br/>previous studies on R. angustifolius and closely related species, we show that phenotypic plasticity affects some characters that are used to delimit infraspecific taxa within the species. Results from our molecular genetic analyses indicate that geographically isolated populations of R. angustifolius have adapted to similar environmental conditions resulting in incongruent patterns of phenotypic and molecular-genetic variation, and repeated evolution of distinct fen ecotypes. We discuss the taxonomic value of ecotypes and currently recognized subspecies, and their usefulness as conservation units. Svensk sammanfattning<br/>Under de senaste hundra åren har kulturlandskapet i norra Europa genomgått en dramatisk förändring. Det småskaliga jordbrukslandskapet med sin mosaik av naturtyper har till stor del ersatts av vidsträckta monokulturer. Artrika naturtyper och naturområden har blivit ovanligare och ligger idag ofta isolerats från varandra. Som en följd av detta har många arter gått tillbaka, vissa så kraftigt att det behövs åtgärder för att de inte skall försvinna helt.<br/><br/>För att öka arters långsiktiga möjlighet att överleva och utvecklas är det viktigt att bevara en stor genetisk variation inom varje art. Detta ökar chanserna att det finns individer som kan klara förändringar i livsmiljön, till exempel genom immunitet mot sjukdomar eller tålighet mot klimatförändringar. Utan variation är en art mycket sårbar. När vi jobbar med bevarandefrågor är det därför viktigt att vi känner till och tar hänsyn till arternas genetiska variationsmönster. Hur ser variationen ut inom en specifik art? Är den till exempel kopplad till artens utbredning i nordliga och sydliga grupperingar, eller till olika livsmiljöer? Finns det rentav grupper av arten som är så olika att de kan betraktas som egna underarter? Om vi kan svara på frågor som dessa, ökar våra chanser att formulera och genomföra åtgärder som gynnar artens genetiska variation och därmed arten i sig.<br/><br/>Variation inom arter kan till exempel kartläggas med hjälp av molekylärgenetiska studier. Genom att analysera mönster i arvsmassan kan man få en bild av hur mycket genetisk variation det finns inom en art och hur den är fördelad. Slår man samman ett flertal studier kan man kanske också hitta generella mönster. Molekylärgenetiska studier är dock resurskrävande och i dagsläget finns bara omfattande studier av en<br/>liten del av jordens alla arter.<br/><br/>Variation inom höskallran<br/><br/>Under min doktorandtid har jag studerat inomartsvariation hos växten höskallra, som har det vetenskapliga namnet Rhinanthus angustifolius. Höskallran har ett varierande utseende, och i Sverige delas den in i två huvudsakliga underarter: äkta höskallra och höstskallra. Höstskallran – R. angustifolius ssp. angustifolius – växer i öppna gräsmarker, till exempel på havsstränder och i vägrenar. Som namnet antyder blommar den under senare delen av sommaren. Den äkta höskallran – R. angustifolius ssp. grandiflorus – växer framförallt i traditionellt hävdade ängsmarker, och blommar tidigt på sommaren. Detta har tolkats som en anpassning till slåttern, då all växtlighet i ängarna slås av för att bli vinterfoder åt boskap. Genom sin tidiga blomning hinner den äkta höskallran sätta frön innan slåttern, och kan därmed överleva i denna miljö. Höskallrans namn tyder på att man förr drog nytta av växtens årscykel för att bestämma tidpunkten för slåttern – när höskallrans mogna frön rasslade i den torra frökapseln var det dags att slå höet.<br/><br/>För bara hundra år sedan var stora delar av södra Sverige täckt av slåttrade ängsmarker och det är lätt att tänka sig att den äkta höskallran var en vanlig syn i landskapet. Idag kommer dock foder till djuren från andra håll och ängarna har spelat ut sin traditionella roll. Både ängarna och den artrika ängsfloran har därför försvunnit från många platser och den äkta höskallran har med stor sannolikhet gått tillbaka kraftigt.<br/><br/>På Gotland finns det ett fåtal populationer av höskallra som växer i en helt annan och ganska oväntad naturmiljö – kalkrika källmyrar. Källmyrsskallrorna skiljer sig från den vanliga höskallran både i utseende och blomningstid och antas ha uppkommit genom anpassning till källmyrsmiljön. I dagsläget finns några få tusen individer av källmyrsskallran och de anses vara hotade.<br/><br/>Höskallran – en halvparasit<br/><br/>Höskallran är en halvparasitisk växt. Både hel- och halvparasitiska växter stjäl vatten och näring från andra växter, men halvparasitiska växter har gröna blad och kan fotosyntetisera och binda kol på egen hand, vilket inte helparasitiska växter kan. Höskallran stjäl vatten och näring genom att ta sig in i andra växters rötter och ansluta sig till ledningsvävnaden som transporterar vatten och näringsämnen. Till skillnad från många andra parasitiska växter är höskallran inte värdspecifik. Det innebär att den kan parasitera på många olika växter. Höskallran går särskilt hårt åt stora och konkurrenskraftiga gräs. Örter, som ofta är konkurrenssvaga i förhållande till gräs,<br/>har mer välutvecklade försvar mot rotparasiter och klarar sig därför bättre. Det här kan utnyttjas inom naturvård när man vill öka antalet arter i öppna gräsmarker – genom att plantera in höskallror kan man minska dominansen av konkurrenskraftiga gräs och istället gynna konkurrenssvaga och ofta mer ovanliga örter. Man skulle kunna likna höskallran vid en ekosystemingenjör.<br/><br/>På samma sätt som höskallran påverkar värdväxter på olika sätt, påverkar även olika värdväxter höskallran på olika sätt. Det beror bland annat på att värdväxterna har olika bra försvar mot parasiter, men även på att de är olika stora och kraftiga och alltså kan<br/>förse höskallran med olika mängder vatten och näringsämnen. Den här variationen leder till att olika värdväxter har olika, och ofta väldigt specifika, effekter på höskallrans utseende.<br/><br/>Avhandlingens utgångspunkt<br/><br/>Vi vet alltså att höskallran kan öka artrikedomen i öppna gräsmarker, men att den är på tillbakagång i vissa typer av miljöer. Med tanke på att vi också vet att olika värdväxter påverkar höskallrans utseende på olika sätt är det därför viktigt att ta reda på hur olika höstskallran, den äkta höskallran och källmyrsskallran egentligen är, och om grupperna innehåller unik genetisk variation som bör bevaras. Än så länge finns det inga tydliga svar. I min avhandling har jag därför gjort odlingsstudier och molekylärgenetiska studier för att ta reda på hur olika de tre grupperna är, och vilket bevarandevärde de har. Avhandlingen är uppdelad i fyra manus och i den följande delen beskriver jag kortfattat de viktigaste resultaten och slutsatserna av mina studier.<br/><br/>Mina studier<br/><br/>I manus I fokuserar jag på de två huvudunderarterna: höstskallra och äkta höskallra. Jag testar experimentellt om de ser olika ut och blommar vid olika tidpunkter även när de växer i samma miljö och med samma värdväxter. Jag visar att värdväxten har stor påverkan på hur höskallran ser ut och när den börjar blomma; värdväxten påverkar de flesta karaktärerna som används för att skilja på de två underarterna. Växer höskallran på en stor och kraftig värdväxt blir den stor och grenig och ser ut som en höstskallra. Växer höskallran däremot på en liten värdväxt blir den liten och ogrenad och ser ut som en äkta höskallra. Även blomningstiden påverkas av värdväxten.<br/><br/>Trots att höskallrans utseende och blomningstid till största del påverkas av miljö-faktorer, finns det även viss ärftlig variation, men jag visar att den ärftliga variationen är mer komplicerad än vad man skulle kunna tro om man tittar i en svensk flora; vi hittar inte två grupper av höskallror som motsvarar de två underarterna, istället verkar varje höskallra vara anpassad till de specifika miljöförhållandena på platsen som den kommer ifrån. Till exempel verkar närheten till kusten vara viktig för utseendet och blomningstiden.<br/><br/>Resultat från den första studien tyder på att man kanske inte borde skilja på de två huvudunderarterna hos höskallran. Dock kan det finnas molekylärgenetiska skillnader i arvsmassan som motiverar en uppdelning i olika underarter trots att de utseendemässiga skillnaderna är små. Det skulle till exempel kunna vara så att de två underarterna har bildats i olika områden innan de koloniserade Sverige och därför är molekylärgenetiskt olika. I manus II går jag därför vidare och studerar variation i arvsmassan, det vill säga variation i växternas DNA. Utgångspunkten är att de mönster som vi ser i arvsmassan återspeglar släktskapet mellan individer. Jag visar att inte heller skillnader i arvsmassan motiverar en uppdelning i två underarter, och jag konstaterar att om man vill bevara så mycket variation som möjligt hos höskallran så bör man bevara höskallror över ett stort geografiskt område och inte enbart från de två undersökta underarterna.<br/><br/>I manus III går jag vidare och studerar källmyrsskallrorna på Gotland. Precis som i manus I gör jag ett odlingsexperiment, men nu jämför jag källmyrsskallror och vanliga höskallror. Jag visar att källmyrsskallrorna skiljer sig från de vanliga höskallrorna genom att alltid vara rödfärgade. Källmyrsskallrorna är även aningen hårigare och blommar senare än de vanliga höskallrorna. Dessa skillnader kan tolkas som en anpassning till de extrema miljöförhållandena i källmyrarna. Genom att studera variation i arvsmassan konstaterar jag att höskallran förmodligen har anpassats till att växa i källmyrar på två olika platser på Gotland – en gång på norra delen av ön och en gång på mellersta delen. Jag föreslår att källmyrsskallrorna på norra och mellersta Gotland bör ses som två olika bevarandeenheter, eftersom de är molekylärgenetiskt skilda från varandra. I och med att källmyrsskallran är så olik den vanliga höskallran anser jag att den bör behandlas som en egen varietet av höskallra. Jag föreslår också<br/>ett namn, Rhinanthus angustifolius var. gotlandicus.<br/><br/>I manus IV använder jag en annan metod för att studera släktskapet mellan källmyrsskallrorna på Gotland och andra typer av skallror, bland annat en liknande källmyrsskallra som finns på Ösel i Estland. Jag tittar på variationen i delar av arvsmassan som förändras långsammare, och därmed återspeglar vad som har hänt längre tillbaka i tiden. Resultaten från den här studien stöder våra resultat i manus III, och tyder också på att källmyrsskallrorna på Gotland och Ösel har uppkommit separat på de två öarna, förmodligen efter den senaste istiden.<br/><br/>Sammanfattningsvis visar mina studier att man inte bör förhålla sig okritisk till de uppdelningar i inomartstaxa (det vill säga underarter och varieteter) som finns i våra floror. Indelningarna är ofta baserade på observationer ute i naturen och återspeglar därför inte enbart ärftliga skillnader, utan även plastiska skillnader orsakade av<br/>miljön. Studierna visar även att man inte automatiskt bör betrakta inomartstaxa<br/>som bevarandeenheter eftersom de kan uppkomma parallellt på olika platser. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/25557a96-2eec-43c4-8629-19ddd4b37c86 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22343679/Anneli_Jonstrup_Kappa_PDF.pdf application/pdf 4212801 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 2017-02 eng Ecotype Local adaptation Phenotypic plasticity Parallel evolution Geographical structure Hemiparasite Rhinanthus Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-184-5 978-91-7753-185-2 153 2017-03-24T09:00:00+01:00 25557a96-2eec-43c4-8629-19ddd4b37c86 2017-02-23T12:14:47+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-23T12:14:47+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ce5f4ce0-6af5-41d6-b515-042ad4c61489 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Malmö Academy of Music 1 Sverker Zadig author 86092b42-0107-4105-8bb7-521b5611e611 Göran Folkestad supervisor 5a59e768-bbad-42ac-978a-6f5bf963f29e Viveka Lyberg Åhlander supervisor cba71acd-ba6e-47a0-8777-99280906b8dc Førsteamanuensis Live Weider Ellefsen opponent Høgskolen i Hedmark Teachers (Malmö Academy of Music) v1000158 department In Western European choral traditions, the ambition of most choirs is to attain an equalized blend of sound and to perform well together with regard to timing and intonation. In order to be able to synchronize this the choir members need to cooperate musically and listen to each other. Choirs often have close bonds, both socially and with regard to their common musical aim to perform well in concerts.<br/>The aim of this doctoral thesis is to explore and describe musical cooperation between choral singers. A reason to join and sing in a choir may be that you don’t have to be a soloist but rather can fit in the weave of voices, relying on other choir singers for support.<br/>This thesis focuses on the existence of informal leaders in the choral voice, a field that has so far not been very much researched. The thesis is built on four articles focusing in different ways on informal leaders. The research has been carried out as qualitative studies based both on interviews and on recordings of choral singers.<br/>Article I was an interview study on how experienced Swedish choral conductors understand musical collaborations between the singers and consequences of such collaborations for choral work. Article II and III both examined how singers act in the choir while singing together. Article II was trying out a method to record the individual singers on separate tracks by using head-set microphones and then by using a computer software converting these tracks into graphs that could be analysed. By way of this method, Article III examined how individuals can take the lead and how other singers follow along. Finally, Article IV was built on focus group interviews with stimulated recall from earlier sessions with the singers.<br/>As a theoretical framework, Communities of Practice as presented by Wenger was used. The results showed that there are informal leaders in the choral voices, although sometimes they are not even aware of this themselves. Also, the social practice field was useful to find that choral singers and choirs share the three main concepts of (i) mutual engagement, (ii) joint enterprise and (iii) shared repertoire.<br/>Highlighting informal musical leadership in choirs can help improve choral work and to develop choirs with regard to precision, articulation and blend, aspects that can be controlled by an informal musical leader. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ce5f4ce0-6af5-41d6-b515-042ad4c61489 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21811410/e_spiknings_PDF_Zadig.pdf application/pdf 8062956 no Studies in music and music education 2017:1 Malmö: Lund University, Malmö Academy of Music 2017-03-24 swe Choir choral singing informal leader voice stimulated recall leaders followers Music Pedagogy 978-91-88409-07-2 216 2017-03-24T10:00:00+01:00 ce5f4ce0-6af5-41d6-b515-042ad4c61489 2017-02-23T15:46:06+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-23T15:46:06+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c902e969-4918-49ef-94f5-4f0492e423ad 2026-02-17T17:58:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Pangea”, Geocentre II, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Anders Lindskog author c204cb4e-a378-47d5-b819-c82601959500 Mats Eriksson supervisor c4d0dbd0-2ec2-46b4-bbe6-b87549717793 Per Ahlberg supervisor 2f2d9e8e-2f42-4b68-a735-445773b772e3 Prof. Dr. Axel Munnecke opponent Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Lithosphere and Biosphere Science v1000635 department The Baltoscandian region forms part of the paleocontinent Baltica, which was largely covered by a shallow epeiric sea throughout much of the Ordovician (c. 485.5–444 Ma). This ancient sea is today recorded by a thin succession of sedimentary rocks. During the Early–Middle Ordovician (c. 485.5–457.5 Ma), Baltica was situated in mid-latitudes on the southern hemisphere and cool-water carbonates formed across large areas of the Baltoscandian paleobasin. The so-called orthoceratite limestone is the most widely distributed rock type from the Early–Middle Ordovician in Sweden. It developed in a time-transgressive manner geographically, but much of the Lower–Middle Ordovician succession in the mainland of Sweden is typically characterized by this lithology. The depositional environment of the ‘orthoceratite limestone’ has long remained poorly understood in many respects. This is in large part due to a lack of analogous depositional environments in modern seas, but also due to remaining gaps in our knowledge about the rock type in general. It has generally been agreed upon that the ‘orthoceratite limestone’ is a cool-water deposit formed in a sediment-starved epeiric sea, but interpretations have differed widely with regards to prevailing water depth.<br/>The eight papers appended to this doctoral dissertation are based on various investigations of the ‘orthoceratite limestone’ in Sweden and coeval rocks in surrounding countries. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic studies of the biotic and sedimentary characteristics have added information about the Baltoscandian paleobasin and the biotic and paleoenvironmental development during the Early–Middle Ordovician. It is concluded that the depositional environment of the ‘orthoceratite limestone’ varied considerably through both space and time; it spanned from intertidal areas to settings many tens of meters deep. Variations in<br/>the overall characteristics and fossil content of the ‘orthoceratite limestone’ and coeval regional rocks appear to mainly record variations in (relative) sea level.<br/>The collective results indicate that sea level varied significantly throughout the Early–Middle Ordovician, likely in large part as a response to variations in climate and related changes in global marine water volume. The inferred variations are consistent across multiple different proxies – abiotic and biotic alike – and cyclic patterns occur in the datasets. Geochemical data suggest that the global climate changed considerably during the Early–Middle Ordovician, and that the climate ultimately entered an ‘Icehouse’-like state. The onset of the latter phase is recorded as a distinct drop in sea level during the Middle Ordovician. The aforementioned changes reverberated through the marine realm and likely contributed to the rapid diversification that is seen among fossils during the so-called Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE). Based on a refined absolute and relative time scale for the Middle Ordovician, the GOBE can be confidently shown to be unrelated to a prolonged meteorite bombardment that occurred during this time interval.<br/>The papers in the dissertation collectively show that a combination of approaches and analytic techniques leads to maximal information output and confidence in interpretations. The use of state-of-the-art analytic and imaging techniques further allows for the discovery of previously undocumented rock characteristics and fossils, and better description and understanding of such documented before. Baltoskandien utgör en del av paleokontinenten Baltica, vilken mestadels var täckt av ett grunt epeiriskt hav under den ordoviciska tidsperioden (ca 485,5–444 Ma). Detta uråldriga hav efterlämnade en tunn lagerföljd av sedimentära bergarter. Under tidig–mellanordovicium (ca 485,5–457,5 Ma) befann sig Baltica vid tempererade breddgrader på södra halvklotet och kallvattenkarbonater bildades över stora områden i den Baltoskandiska paleobassängen. Den så kallade ortoceratitkalkstenen är den mest vittspridda bergartstypen från tidig–mellanordovicium i Sverige. Den spred sig successivt geografiskt och stora delar av under–mellanordovicium på Sveriges fastland karaktäriseras av denna litologi. ”Ortoceratitkalkstenens” avsättningsmiljö har länge varit ofullständigt känd. Detta beror till stor del på en avsaknad av motsvarigheter bland nutida avsättningsmiljöer, men också på luckor i vår kunskap om bergarten i allmänhet. Det råder en generell enighet att ”ortoceratitkalkstenen” representerar en kallvattenkarbonat avsatt i ett epeiriskt hav med mycket begränsat sedimentinflöde, men tolkningar angående rådande vattendjup har skiljt sig åt.<br/> De åtta artiklar som utgör grunden till den här doktorsavhandlingen baseras på olika undersökningar av ”ortoceratitkalkstenen” i Sverige och likåldriga lager i omgivande länder. Detaljerade makro- och mikroskopiska studier av biotiska och sedimentära egenskaper har gett värdefull information om den Baltoskandiska paleobassängen samt den biotiska och miljömässiga utvecklingen under tidig–mellanordovicium. Resultaten visar att ”ortoceratitkalkstenens” avsättningsmiljö varierade avsevärt i både rum och tid; den spände från intertidala områden till miljöer med många tiotals meter djupt vatten. Variationer i övergripande egenskaper och fossilinnehåll i ”ortoceratitkalkstenen” samt likåldriga regionala lager tycks främst avspegla variationer i (relativ) havsnivå. <br/> De sammantagna resultaten tyder på att havsnivån varierade kraftigt genom tidig–mellanordovicium, sannolikt som en följd av klimatvariationer och relaterade förändringar i vattenmassorna globalt. De skönjbara variationerna är samstämmiga mellan flera olika proxies – både abiotiska och biotiska – och cykliska mönster förekommer ofta. Geokemiska data indikerar att klimatet förändrades avsevärt genom tidig–mellanordovicium och att det slutligen gick in i en istidsliknande fas. Inträdet i den senare fasen avspeglas i en tydlig sänkning av havsnivån under mellanordovicium. De tidigare nämnda förändringarna påverkade marina miljöer och bidrog sannolikt till den snabba diversifiering som skedde under den så kallade stora ordoviciska biodiversifieringen (fritt översatt från engelskans Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event). Förfinade absoluta och relativa tidsskalor för mellanordovicium visar att biodiversifieringen var oberoende av ett utdraget meteoritbombardemang under detta tidsavsnitt.<br/> Artiklarna i avhandlingen visar tillsammans att en kombination av infallsvinklar och analysmetoder ger maximal information och tolkningsförmåga. Användning av toppmoderna analys- och avbildningstekniker möjliggör nya upptäckter av tidigare okända bergartsegenskaper och fossil, samt bättre beskrivning av och förståelse för sådana som varit kända sedan tidigare. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c902e969-4918-49ef-94f5-4f0492e423ad https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21851502/2017_4_Anders_Lindskog_Early_Middle_Ordovician_biotic_and_sedimentary_dynamics_in_the_Baltoscandian_paleobasin.pdf application/pdf 78343536 LU/LTH access https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21933431/AndersLindskog_LithoLundTheses29.pdf application/pdf 26307651 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Lithosphere and Biosphere Science 2017-02 eng Ordovician ‘orthoceratite limestone’ carbonate sedimentology microfacies paleoecology paleoenvironment paleontology Baltoscandia Natural Sciences Geology 1651-6648 978-91-87847-30-1 978-91-87847-31-8 85056172962 29 132 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85056172962 2017-03-24T13:15:00+01:00 c902e969-4918-49ef-94f5-4f0492e423ad 2017-02-24T14:04:39+01:00 2026-02-17T17:58:24Z 2017-02-24T14:04:39+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:281a538d-0b27-47fe-8f43-19136d04d990 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall, E:1406; building E, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Rakesh Gangarajaiah author 302ac670-a9ad-4aed-9577-f2240b35aa74 Liang Liu supervisor b973e0ad-671c-4f0b-acd3-af3c2d64ddfb Peter Nilsson supervisor 24a8e151-1672-4b5f-af5a-d34da4b5dcb0 Ove Edfors supervisor c7b41831-7669-4888-b911-5d8a270dba48 Professor Joseph R. Cavallaro opponent Rice University, Texas, USA Integrated Electronic Systems v1001101 department The world of information is literally at one’s fingertips, allowing access to previously unimaginable amounts of data, thanks to advances in wireless communication. The growing demand for high speed data has necessitated the<br/>use of wider bandwidths, and wireless technologies such as Multiple-Input<br/>Multiple-Output (MIMO) have been adopted to increase spectral efficiency.<br/>These advanced communication technologies require sophisticated signal processing, often leading to higher power consumption and reduced battery life.<br/>Therefore, increasing energy efficiency of baseband hardware for MIMO signal processing has become extremely vital. High Quality of Service (QoS)<br/>requirements invariably lead to a larger number of computations and a higher<br/>power dissipation. However, recognizing the dynamic nature of the wireless<br/>communication medium in which only some channel scenarios require complex<br/>signal processing, and that not all situations call for high data rates, allows<br/>the use of an adaptive channel aware signal processing strategy to provide a<br/>desired QoS. Information such as interference conditions, coherence bandwidth<br/>and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) can be used to reduce algorithmic computations in favorable channels. Hardware circuits which run these algorithms<br/>need flexibility and easy reconfigurability to switch between multiple designs<br/>for different parameters. These parameters can be used to tune the operations of different components in a receiver based on feedback from the digital<br/>baseband. This dissertation focuses on the optimization of digital baseband<br/>circuitry of receivers which use feedback to trade power and performance. A<br/>co-optimization approach, where designs are optimized starting from the algorithmic stage through the hardware architectural stage to the final circuit<br/>implementation is adopted to realize energy efficient digital baseband hardware<br/>for mobile 4G devices. These concepts are also extended to the next generation<br/>5G systems where the energy efficiency of the base station is improved.<br/>This work includes six papers that examine digital circuits in MIMO wireless receivers. Several key blocks in these receiver include analog circuits that<br/>have residual non-linearities, leading to signal intermodulation and distortion.<br/>Paper-I introduces a digital technique to detect such non-linearities and calibrate analog circuits to improve signal quality. The concept of a digital nonlinearity tuning system developed in Paper-I is implemented and demonstrated<br/>in hardware. The performance of this implementation is tested with an analog<br/>channel select filter, and results are presented in Paper-II. MIMO systems such<br/>as the ones used in 4G, may employ QR Decomposition (QRD) processors to<br/>simplify the implementation of tree search based signal detectors. However,<br/>the small form factor of the mobile device increases spatial correlation, which<br/>is detrimental to signal multiplexing. Consequently, a QRD processor capable<br/>of handling high spatial correlation is presented in Paper-III. The algorithm and hardware implementation are optimized for carrier aggregation, which increases requirements on signal processing throughput, leading to higher power<br/>dissipation. Paper-IV presents a method to perform channel-aware processing<br/>with a simple interpolation strategy to adaptively reduce QRD computation<br/>count. Channel properties such as coherence bandwidth and SNR are used to<br/>reduce multiplications by 40% to 80%. These concepts are extended to use<br/>time domain correlation properties, and a full QRD processor for 4G systems<br/>fabricated in 28 nm FD-SOI technology is presented in Paper-V. The design<br/>is implemented with a configurable architecture and measurements show that<br/>circuit tuning results in a highly energy efficient processor, requiring 0.2 nJ to<br/>1.3 nJ for each QRD. Finally, these adaptive channel-aware signal processing<br/>concepts are examined in the scope of the next generation of communication<br/>systems. Massive MIMO systems increase spectral efficiency by using a large<br/>number of antennas at the base station. Consequently, the signal processing<br/>at the base station has a high computational count. Paper-VI presents a configurable detection scheme which reduces this complexity by using techniques<br/>such as selective user detection and interpolation based signal processing. Hardware is optimized for resource sharing, resulting in a highly reconfigurable and<br/>energy efficient uplink signal detector. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/281a538d-0b27-47fe-8f43-19136d04d990 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21969193/Final_print_check_thesis.pdf application/pdf 10714437 no Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University 2017 eng Wireless receivers, baseband processing, LTE-A, MIMO, OFDM, carrier aggregation, channel preprocessing, adaptive signal processing, non-linearity mitigation, massive MIMO Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-180-7 978-91-7753-181-4 166 2017-03-24T10:15:00+01:00 281a538d-0b27-47fe-8f43-19136d04d990 2017-02-27T09:53:57+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-27T09:53:57+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:dae5ba69-1484-4d76-ab80-9a84740cbbae 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Pangea”, Geocentre II, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Abdulhakim Abdi author d6c28bc7-9dd6-4646-9a4d-3f45b040c360 Jonas Ardö supervisor bd5ad253-9990-4613-afee-e94f24e17400 Professor Steven W. Running opponent Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department The human-environment connection in the mostly rural drylands of sub-Saharan Africa forms a complex, interlinked system that provides ecosystem services. This system is susceptible to climatic variability that impacts the supply of its products, and high population growth, which impacts the demand for these products. When plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis, they use some of this carbon to maintain plant cellular structure. The rest is stored as plant tissue and forms plant biomass. The annual accumulation of this plant biomass is called net primary production (NPP). On an annual basis, NPP supplies the provision of crops, animal feed and pasture. The societal implications of reduced NPP can be severe, possibly leading to crop failure and eventual food insecurity. The trends in NPP supply over sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2013 are significant over 32% of the area (4.7 million km2). However, they are concentrated in three distinct regions: the western Sahel (2 g C m-2 yr-1), central Africa (30 g C m-2 yr-1) and parts of Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique (-25 g C m-2 yr-1). In contrast, the mean overall trend in NPP demand is 3.5 g C m-2 yr-1, though in urban areas it averages approximately 50 g C m-2 yr-1. The tradeoffs between NPP supply and demand (i.e. change in one quantity relative to another) are locally constrained and linked to the prevailing climate, population growth and net migration. The demand-supply balance of NPP is influenced by climate, such as variability caused by the El Niño – Southern Oscillation. The greatest sensitivity to El Niño occurs in Southern Africa. Here, a +1oC shift in the Niño 3.4 index (as a measure of El Niño) causes a mean change in the NPP supply of -6.6 g C m-2 yr-1. Despite the fact that there were more La Niña events than El Niño events during the period of this study, the negative impact of El Niño on Southern Africa is strong enough to tip the balance toward the negative. Climatic variability influences the rate of carbon uptake and in sub-Saharan drylands all plants undergo photosynthesis at the expense of losing moisture to the atmosphere. The two main moisture related biophysical limitations, plant available water and vapor pressure deficit, together limit plant carbon uptake by influencing the greening and browning phases of vegetation phenology. The combination of Earth observation data (Land Surface Temperature, Enhanced Vegetation Index, and shortwave infrared surface reflectance) in a multiple regression model was able to explain 89% of the variability of in situ measured carbon uptake across three Sahelian sites. Testing the new Plant Phenology Index (PPI) to get better estimates of sub-Saharan carbon uptake showed that a PPI-based model was able to capture the magnitude of in situ carbon uptake relatively well (R2 = 0.75, 1.39 g C m-2 d-1) compared to the other tested models. However, the performance of PPI in these semi-arid systems can be further improved through the inclusion of total chlorophyll content as it is a principal factor influencing carbon assimilation. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/dae5ba69-1484-4d76-ab80-9a84740cbbae https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21516103/PhD_Dissertation_2017_AbdulhakimAbdi.pdf application/pdf 17841312 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2017-02 eng Net primary production Africa Drylands Coupled human and natural systems Human-Environment Relations Food security Earth observation Remote Sensing Multidisciplinary Geosciences Physical Geography Earth Observation Human Geography 978-91-85793-77-8 978-91-85793-78-5 180 2017-03-03T10:00:00+01:00 dae5ba69-1484-4d76-ab80-9a84740cbbae 2017-02-16T12:41:20+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-16T12:41:20+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bd2d0760-8912-4500-bbd3-d0721aad516f 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC Aula, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Ida Lindgren author 6d470931-33b7-4085-a826-40ac28f2d935 Yvonne Giwercman supervisor 83c08cc0-2c28-4c27-abbb-4998d9c58d83 Aleksander Giwercman supervisor 02a7e6a9-e7a3-4973-9763-386249286a6e Claus Yding Andersen supervisor professor Jörg Gromoll opponent Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Munster University. Molecular genetic reproductive medicine, Malmö v1000584 department Molecular genetic reproductive medicine, Malmö research group To date, approximately 15% of all couples worldwide suffer from infertility. The management include controlled<br/>ovarian hyper-stimulation of the women with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and semen analysis of the men,<br/>prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and transfer of the fertilized embryo to the uterine cavity. Approximately 250 000<br/>IVF cycles are performed worldwide each year, and as a result more than 5 million babies have been born since<br/>the technique was developed in 1978. It has been shown that common genetic variations, called single-nucleotide<br/>polymorphisms (SNPs), affect the reproductive ability of both men and women, and also the outcome of the IVF<br/>treatment. Especially the gene encoding the receptor to which FSH binds, the FSHR gene, has been investigated,<br/>since FSH is an essential hormone in both female and male repoductive function. However, since conflicting<br/>results have been produced from previous studies, no firm conclusions can be drawn. Therefore, the aims of this<br/>thesis were to investigate the impact of the FSHR SNPs T307A and N680S on male reproductive function in a<br/>cohort of homogenous Swedish men (n=313) from the general population, study the connection between the<br/>FSHR N680S and the LHCGR N312S SNPs in relation to outcomes after IVF in unselected women (n=617)<br/>attending an IVF clinic and explore the activity of the different FSHR and LHCGR variants in vitro. The FSHR<br/>genotypes of the men and FSHR/LHCGR genotypes of the women were associated with clinical parameters, and<br/>in the case of the women also associated with outcomes after IVF. The activity of the different receptor variants<br/>were investigated in vitro in granulosa cells from women undergoing IVF and in monkey kidney cells, by means of<br/>the level of the produced downstream signaling molecule cAMP, measured by ELISA, in response to FSH<br/>treatment. Swedish men from the general population that were homozygous for the FSHR T307/N680 genotype<br/>displayed a lower serum FSH concentration, as well as higher estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin and<br/>testosterone concentrations, and also higher sperm counts and larger testicles. Women undergoing IVF got<br/>pregnant to a higher extent (four-fold in IVF cycle 1 and two-fold in IVF cycle 2 and 3) if they were homozygous for<br/>the combination of FSHR S680/LHCGR S312. In vitro results indicated that the FSHR S680/LHCGR N312 variant<br/>was superior in terms of cAMP production. In conclusion, the results from this thesis show favourable reproductive<br/>hormonal status and sperm parameters of men with the FSHR T307/N680 genotype, while women homozygous<br/>for the FSHR S680/LHCGR S312 combination more often got pregnant after IVF. In vitro results corroborated the<br/>observed higher pregnancy rate for women with the FSHR S680/LHCGR S312 genotype, in terms of a higher<br/>cAMP level in response to FSH treatment for this receptor combination. A gender difference may explain why the<br/>same pattern was not observed in men, since several differences in the hormonal regulation between the female<br/>and male reproductive system exist. In general, this knowledge may be utilized in the development of<br/>individualized treatments of infertile men and women. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bd2d0760-8912-4500-bbd3-d0721aad516f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21558817/Ida_Lindgren_Webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 3262874 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng FSHR LHCGR single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in vitro fertilization (IVF) reproduction Infertility male fertility female fertility Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-413-3 93 2017-03-10T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:32 bd2d0760-8912-4500-bbd3-d0721aad516f 2017-02-16T15:17:28+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-02-16T15:17:28+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:42ba8148-69bd-431e-9e72-a24d48306176 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, BMC, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Maya Landenhed Smith author 4d38f465-7ab3-4889-8f75-1cf441bfd4f8 Bansi Koul supervisor c36b7c1d-184e-42eb-9eef-a0e682287438 Richard Ingemansson supervisor d1ee028b-8824-4ec6-be81-a0f4a9af4d92 professor Stefan Thelin opponent Uppsala University, Sweden Thoracic Surgery v1000439 department Artificial Intelligence in CardioThoracic Sciences (AICTS) v1000992 department Artificial Intelligence in CardioThoracic Sciences (AICTS) research group <b>Background:</b> Residual air accumulated air in the pulmonary veins constitutes a challenge to achievment of complete de-airing in open left heart surgery. To adress this problem, a conceptual method for de-airing was developed in Lund comprising bilateral opening of the pleurae to induce pulmonary collapse and a strategy with gradual pulmonary reperfusion and ventilation at weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). <br/><b>Aim:</b> To evaluate effectiveness and safety aspects of the Lund concept for de-airing. <br/><b>Methods and results:</b> In the first paper a randomized controlled study was conducted comparing the Lund method to a standardized carbon dioxide (CO₂) insufflation technique in twenty patients undergoing open left heart surgery. The number of cerebral microembolic signals (MES) was monitored by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) during de-airing and in the first ten minutes after CPB. Residual intracardiac air during the first ten minutes after CPB was graded by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The frequency of reopenings of the left ventricular (LV) vent during the first ten minutes after CPB was registered as well as the duration of the de-airing procedure. Compared to the CO₂ insufflation technique, the Lund method resulted in fewer MES during de-airing (p&lt;0.001) and in the first ten minutes after CPB (p&lt;0.001), lower grades of intracardiac air during the first three minutes after CPB (p&lt;0.01) and shorter de-airing time, 9 vs 15 minutes, (p=0.001). <br/>In the second paper, systemic side-effects of CO₂ insufflation were studied in the same twenty patients. Patients in the CO₂ insufflation group developed hypercapnia (PaCO₂&gt;6 kPa) despite compensational higher gas flows in the oxygenator at 30 minutes of CPB (p&lt;0.001) and acidosis (pH&lt;7.35) already at 15 min of CPB, (p&lt;0.01). CO₂ production (VCO₂ mL/min) increased during CPB as did the respiratory quotient (RQ; p&lt;0.001) secondary to the extraneously supplied CO₂. The mean blood flow velocities in both MCAs increased secondary to increasing PaCO₂ (p&lt;0.001 at 45 and 60 minutes of CPB). rSo₂ measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were also found higher at 30, 45 and 60 minutes of CPB (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.01, respectively). Scanning electron microscope imaging the cardiotomy suction and LV vent line tubing showed a higher fraction of morphologically changed red blood cells in the CO₂ insufflation group. <br/>In the third paper we aimed to study the contribution of each component constituting the Lund concept. In a randomized controlled study of twenty patients undergoing open left heart surgery, we compared a group with open pleurae and conventional pulmonary reperfusion and ventilation to a group with intact pleurae combined with staged pulmonary reperfusion and ventilation. During de-airing and in the first ten minutes after CPB, there was a lower number of MES in the group with open pleurae (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.01, respectively). A lower amount of residual intracardiac air was also registered in the group with open pleurae in up to six minutes after CPB (p&lt;0.01). The LV vent was reopened fewer times in the group with open pleurae (p&lt;0.001). De-airing time was also shorter in the group with open pleurae, 9 vs 14 minutes (p&lt;0.05). <br/>In the fourth paper we studied the impact of single right pulmonary collapse on effectiveness of the Lund method and the effectiveness of a right superior pulmonary vein vent (RSPV). Twenty patients in two prospective cohorts with right pleura open and RSPV respectively, were compared to a historical control cohort from the first paper with bilateral open pleurae and left ventricular apical vent (LVAV). We found a higher number of MES after CPB in the group with single right pulmonary collapse and in the group with RSPV compared to bilateral pulmonary collapse and LVAV (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.01, respectively) but no differences in residual intracardiac air graded by TEE or in de-airing times. <br/><b>Conclusion:</b> The Lund concept for de-airing was demonstrated to be an effective and safe alternative to the CO₂ insufflation technique. The effectiveness of the Lund method depends primarily on bilateral pulmonary collapse and it may preferably be combined with a left ventricular apical vent.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/42ba8148-69bd-431e-9e72-a24d48306176 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21563586/Lund_Concept_for_De_airing_of_the_Left_Heart_Clinical_Evaluation_Maya_L_Smith.pdf application/pdf 1617700 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng open left heart surgery, de-airing, gaseous cerebral microemboli, transcranial Doppler sonography Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-416-4 98 2017-03-17T08:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:35 42ba8148-69bd-431e-9e72-a24d48306176 2017-02-17T16:45:51+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-02-17T16:45:51+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:65092b78-e8ab-4061-b0c7-45bb01876293 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Daniel Sorobetea author 3a1040df-d7da-4ec9-99e0-14e9abd96337 Marcus Svensson Frej supervisor bbfe7e0c-b707-4a5c-a084-b11683311614 William Agace supervisor ad3b3161-e584-40b6-b7e3-c664505f8e2a Jenny J Persson supervisor 41735c03-9ea3-4969-af50-0554f6bc823f professor David Vöhringer opponent Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg. Erlangen, Germany Eosinophil Biology v1000364 department Eosinophil Biology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/65092b78-e8ab-4061-b0c7-45bb01876293 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22252868/Daniels_avhandling_170215.pdf application/pdf 12802644 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) 978-91-7619-430-0 77 2017-03-31T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:50 65092b78-e8ab-4061-b0c7-45bb01876293 2017-03-06T11:31:15+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-03-06T11:31:15+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1519c30c-81e9-454a-aa70-8da39e65c534 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Hossein Delavaran author 7dbc6067-4311-402a-bd91-c1f2c1b680e7 Arne Lindgren supervisor cac5c721-1dd9-475c-a08b-8db36fc040a6 Zaal Kokaia supervisor 01fd2021-00ad-42b9-b13d-f11c15ac098d Ann-Cathrin Jönsson supervisor 48c317b1-c0e2-4ede-b321-25597ec371cc assoc professor Christina Sjöstrand opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Neurology, Lund v1000451 department Clinical Stroke Research Group v1000453 department Clinical Stroke Research Group research group <strong>Background and Purpose:</strong> Stroke is one of the dominant causes of death and adult disability in the world. There is a need for novel therapeutic approaches to improve functional recovery and outcome after stroke, and experimental studies have shown that stem cell-based therapies (SCT) hold much potential in this regard. This thesis, comprising 5 papers, aims to explore and describe clinical symptoms, lesion appearance, and outcome after stroke to provide guidance and enhance possibilities for future clinical implementation of SCT. <br/><strong>Methods:</strong> In Paper I, a consecutive series of first-ever ischemic stroke patients (n=108) were examined ≤4 days of stroke onset regarding: (i) neuroradiological characteristics, and (ii) stroke severity measured with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). In Papers II and V, available survivors (n=84) from Paper I were assessed after 3-5 years regarding: (i) the frequency and recovery of upper extremity motor impairment (UEMI) measured with NIHSS arm and hand motor items; ii) the relation of UEMI to activity limitations measured with modifed Rankin Scale (mRS) and participation restrictions evaluated with Stroke Impact Scale (SIS); and iii) their knowledge and attitude about SCT using a questionnaire on SCT for stroke. In Papers III and IV, 10-year survivors (n=145) from a population-based group of 416 first-ever stroke patients in the Lund Stroke Register were assessed regarding: (i) functional status measured with mRS and Barthel Index (BI); (ii) patient-reported outcome using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and iii) cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), including comparisons with age- and sex-matched non-stroke control persons (n=354) from the population study Gott Åldrande i Skåne.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> In Paper I, the distance between the nearest margin of the infarct(s) to the subventricular zone (a known neurogenic area in the brain) was 0-2 mm in 51/102 patients with visible ischemic lesions on DW-MRI. Only 8 patients had infarcts predominantly confined to striatum (a commonly used lesion site in pre-clinical stroke studies with SCT), causing mild deficits with a median NIHSS of 3 (range 1-5). In Paper II, 56 (52%) of the stroke patients had UEMI (NIHSS arm/hand score ≥1) in the first days after stroke onset. Morever, 10/41 stroke survivors with UEMI at baseline and without recurrent stroke displayed residual UEMI after 3-5 years, whereas 31/41 individuals showed complete recovery. Post-stroke UEMI correlated to mRS (r_s=0.49, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) and the SIS participation domain (r_s=-0.38, <em>p</em>=0.001). In Paper III, 103 (71%) of the 10-year stroke survivors had mRS≤2, 106 (73%) had a BI score of 95-100, 105 (72%) reported no problems with self-care according to EQ-5D, and 90 (62%) had positive views about their general health status according to SF-36. In Paper IV, 75 (61%) out of 122 stroke survivors who completed the MoCA had a score of MoCA&lt;25. The odds of having severe cognitive impairment (MMSE&lt;23) were higher among stroke survivors than the controls (education-adjusted OR 2.48; 95% CI: 1.34-4.59; <em>p</em>=0.004). In Paper V, only 10 (12%) of the stroke survivors had prior knowledge of SCT, but 53 (63%) of the participants expressed positive attitudes towards SCT after having received standardized and neutral written information. Positive attitudes to SCT were associated with male gender (crude OR 3.74; 95% CI: 1.45-9.61; <em>p</em>=0.006) and higher degree of self-perceived stroke recovery according to the SIS (crude OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04; <em>p</em>=0.034).<br/><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Optimized endogenous neurogenesis may have a therapeutic potential, and striatum should probably not be the primary target for SCT aiming for neuronal replacement. SCT targeting post-stroke UEMI may be clinically valuable, and UEMI recovery may be a suitable outcome in later-phase pivotal stroke trials studying the efficacy of SCT. A majority of long-term stroke survivors have a relatively good prognosis accompanied by positive self-perceptions about their health, and would probably not have been in need of SCT to improve functional outcome. However, early prognostic assessments are needed to detect stroke patients with poor expected functional recovery and outcome where SCT may be beneficial. Cognitive impairment is common among long-term stroke survivors and should be taken into account both in pre-clinical studies and in future clinical trials with SCT. Targeted patient information on SCT for stroke may be valuable to facilitate recruitment to clinical trials and reduce risks of selection bias.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1519c30c-81e9-454a-aa70-8da39e65c534 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22253012/Avhandling_till_e_registrering_Hossein_Delavaran_2017_03_06.2.pdf application/pdf 5427332 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng stroke recovery outcome cognitive function Upper extremity motor impairment Stem cell therapy Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-424-9 112 2017-03-24T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:44 1519c30c-81e9-454a-aa70-8da39e65c534 2017-03-06T11:40:38+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-03-06T11:40:38+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8b060bb6-1f35-4f18-9970-7fd2d7857b63 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö. 1 Anton Baranov author 2809e558-6a5b-498a-ad28-505be767cadb Andreas Herbst supervisor 6b9c0ebf-0a4a-40d4-ad8f-8b1513cd4ead Olga Vikhareva supervisor 5520f7da-f1de-43c1-a397-407dc7958dfb professor Ellika Andolf opponent Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Lund) v1000470 department The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to address the problems associated with the management of pregnancy and delivery after Caesarean delivery (CD), with emphasis on ultrasound diagnostics. The prognostic value and utility of serial ultrasound examinations of Caesarean hysterotomy scars in the non-pregnant state and during pregnancy subsequent to CD were studied. This thesis includes 5 publications, and is based on 3 study populations.<br/>The first study population (Paper I) included women who had undergone repeat CD at the University Hospital in Malmö (Sweden) during the period 2005-2009. It was found that the true incidence of complete uterine rupture was higher than previously reported. The incidence of uterine dehiscence was also determined.<br/>The second study population (Papers II-IV) included women with one previous CD, recruited in a prospective cohort study at the Skåne University Hospital (Sweden). These women had undergone CD during the period from March 2013 to May 2015. The participants underwent serial ultrasound examinations in the non-pregnant state, 6-9 months after CD (transvaginal conventional ultrasound examination and saline contrast sonohysterography), and, in those who became pregnant, in the subsequent pregnancy (transvaginal and transabdominal examinations). The results presented in Paper II show that sonographic measurements of Caesarean hysterotomy scars in non-pregnant women were reliable and can be used in clinical practice. The results presented in Paper III demonstrated that the appearance of hysterotomy scars was similar in the non-pregnant state and in a subsequent pregnancy at 11-14 weeks. A cut-off value for Caesarean hysterotomy scar thickness measurement was established to predict scars with a large defect. Based on the results presented in Paper IV it was concluded that a previously published model for the prediction of successful vaginal birth after CD (VBAC), based on sonographic measurements of Caesarean hysterotomy scars, had limited utility in the Swedish population.<br/>The third study population (Paper V) included women who had trial of labour after CD at the University Hospital in Barcelona (Spain) during the period 2011-2015. The results demonstrated that the previously published model, based on maternal non-sonographic characteristics, had reasonable accuracy in the prediction of successful VBAC in women with one previous CD and singleton pregnancy.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8b060bb6-1f35-4f18-9970-7fd2d7857b63 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23258471/Anton_Baranov_webb_kappa_3_.pdf application/pdf 1334701 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Caesarean hysterotomy scar ultrasonography reliability Caesarean delivery vaginal birth after Caesarean delivery prediction model Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine 978-91-7619-421-8 2017-04-20T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:41 8b060bb6-1f35-4f18-9970-7fd2d7857b63 2017-03-06T20:04:50+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-03-06T20:04:50+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:03d94d51-5805-443e-bf2a-ff3b6949a7b8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Hemanth Prabhu author d97ef2d8-2ac2-495f-aa98-94efe3cdaaef Ove Edfors supervisor c7b41831-7669-4888-b911-5d8a270dba48 Joachim Rodrigues supervisor 4972aa83-f37f-4bfd-ac48-c9f33a48b573 Professor Gerd Ascheid opponent Aachen University, Germany Integrated Electronic Systems v1001101 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department In the near future, the number of connected mobile devices and data-rates are expected to dramatically increase. Demands exceed the capability of the currently deployed (4G) wireless communication systems. Development of 5G systems is aiming for higher data-rates, better coverage, backward compatibility, and conforming with “green communication” to lower energy consumption. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a technology with the potential to fulfill these requirements. In massive MIMO systems, base stations are equipped with a very large number of antennas compared to 4G systems, serving a relatively low number of users simultaneously in the same frequency and time resource. Exploiting the high spatial degrees-of-freedom allows for aggressive spatial multiplexing, resulting in high data-rates without increasing the spectrum. More importantly, achieving high array gains and eliminating inter-user interference results in simpler mobile terminals.<br/><br/>These advantages of massive MIMO requires handling a large number of antennas efficiently, by performing baseband signal processing. Compared to small-scale MIMO base stations, the processing can be much more computationally intensive, in particular considering the large dimensions of the matrices. In addition to computational complexity, meeting latency requirements is also crucial. Another aspect is the power consumption of the baseband processing. Typically, major contributors of power consumption are power<br/>amplifiers and analog components, however, in massive MIMO, the transmit power at each antenna can be lowered drastically (by the square of the number of antennas). Thus, the power consumption from the baseband processing becomes more significant in relation to other contributions. This puts forward the main challenge tackled in this thesis, i.e., how to implement low latency baseband signal processing modules with high hardware and energy efficiency.<br/><br/>The focus of this thesis has been on co-optimization of algorithms and hardware implementations, to meet the aforementioned challenges/requirements. Algorithm optimization is performed to lower computational complexity, e.g., large scale matrix operations, and also on the system-level to relax constraints on analog/RF components to lower cost and improve efficiency. These optimizations were evaluated by taking into consideration the hardware cost and device level parameters. To this end, a massive MIMO central baseband pre-coding/detection chip was fabricated in 28 nm FD-SOI CMOS technology and measured. The algorithm and hardware co-optimization resulted in the highest reported pre-coding area and energy efficiency of 34.1QRD/s/gate and 6.56nJ/QRD, respectively. For detection, compared to small scale MIMO systems, massive MIMO with linear schemes provided superior performance, with area and energy efficiency of 2.02Mb/s/kGE and 60 pJ/b.<br/>The array and spatial multiplexing gains in massive MIMO, combined with high hardware efficiency and schemes to lower constraints on RF/analog components, makes it extremely promising for future deployments. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/03d94d51-5805-443e-bf2a-ff3b6949a7b8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22294707/MassiveMIMO_thesis_hemanth.pdf application/pdf 5070858 no The Department of Electrical and Information Technology 2017-03-07 eng Massive MIMO Hardware architectures ASIC design precoding/detection Communication Systems Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering 978-91-7753-194-4 978-91-7753-195-1 168 2017-03-31T10:15:00+02:00 03d94d51-5805-443e-bf2a-ff3b6949a7b8 2017-03-07T09:52:06+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-07T09:52:06+01:00

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theses published Lecture hall A213, Biology building A, Sölvegatan 35, Lund 1 Ester Arevalo Sureda author 514f8ee5-6cf7-4e84-855b-74a52b5a4107 Björn Weström supervisor f6c1d84d-d537-4ae5-a980-c109820b694c Stefan Pierzynowski supervisor c8b7abc7-9676-4208-8389-c2ca161f0270 Olena Prykhodko supervisor 07ac42a1-a9ac-4371-8ddd-922cdc7f6144 Associate Professor Francisco José Pérez-Cano opponent Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Barcelona, Spain Functional zoology v1000610 department The rat, as an altritial species, is born with an immature gastrointestinal tract and intestinal barrier function, which is highly absorptive to milk-borne bioactive molecules that can pass undigested and reach the general circulation of the suckling newborn. This passage occurs by the neonatal-Fc-receptor (FcRn) binding and trancytosis of immunoglobulin G in the proximal small intestine (SI) and by the highly endocytic vacuolated enterocytes <br/>non-selectively in the distal SI. Postnatal gut maturation accelerates at weaning, around postnatal day 21, coincident with the dietary transition from milk to solid food. Maturation of the gut can also be precociously induced by provocation with a lectin, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), mimicking the naturally occurring changes in gut structure and function. The changes occurring during natural or induced gut maturation include stimulation of pancreatic function and cessation of the SI absorptive capacity to macromolecules (gut closure). Intestinal epithelial maturation has been related to the gut immune system and is suggested to depend on T-lymphocytes activation. Recently, the transcription factor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation-protein-1 (Blimp-1) has been proposed to be a key regulator of intestinal maturation in mice. Hence, the present study investigated the events occurring during gut development and the cues initiating the process. The study especially focused on changes in the barrier function and macromolecular permeability, pancreatic function, and the relation to gut immune factors.<br/>A novel animal model of pancreatic and pancreatic-like protease-induced precocious gut maturation was established in neonatal rats, and was used in comparison to the existing PHA-induced model, as well as natural gut development. The gut maturational changes observed during natural or induced maturation, by both protease or PHA, included the transition of foetal- to adult- type SI epithelium, with reduced FcRn expression in the proximal part and disappearance of vacuolated enterocytes in the distal part, associated with a similar change in intestinal epithelial Blimp1 expression. The early effects after exposure to the provocative agents, PHA and protease, revealed that both agents hampered macromolecular permeability and only protease also caused an increase in epithelial leakiness of the distal SI. These results indicated that protease and PHA affected the intestinal barrier function differently. Furthermore, the provocative agents were also tested in neonatal athymic nude rats, T-cell immunodeficient, and they appeared to be susceptible to induced precocious gut maturation. These results suggested that gut maturation is independent of thymus-derived T-celsl, but the involvement of other immune cells types, possibly innate immune cells, should be further investigated.<br/>Thus, the findings of the present thesis will contribute to an increased understanding of initiating cues and the mechanisms of maturation of the intestinal barrier in young mammals. The knowledge obtained could be applied to improve strategies for the treatment of gut-related complications, often affecting premature infants. Råttan är en däggdjursart med en kort dräktighetstiden och föds därför mycket omogen. Den är vid födelsen naken, blind och döv och är helt beroende av sin moder för många funktioner, såsom näringstillförsel, termoreglering, urinering och tarmtömning. Under diperioden är råttans mag-tarmsystem och matsmältning helt anpassad till modersmjölkdieten. Bland annat är tarmens barriärfunktion omogen, vilket möjliggör en passage av intakta bioaktiva mjölkmolekyler till blodcirkulationen hos diande råttor. Bukspottkörteln funktion, som utsöndrar matsmältningsenzymer, är också låg vilket underlättar upptaget av intakta bioaktiva makromolekyler från mjölken. Detta upptag av, t.ex., antikroppar, hormoner och antimikrobiella komponenter, är viktigt för att ge avkomman ett skydd mot infektioner (passiv immunitet) tills det egna immunsystemet har mognat.<br/>Passagen av makromolekyler över den omogna tunntarmen sker genom ett selektivt receptor-medierad upptag av antikroppar efter inbindning till den neonatala Fc-receptorn (FcRn) vilken uttrycks i den första proximala halvan av tunntarmens epitel (arbete II). Celler med en hög absorptionsförmåga, som särskiljs med en stor cell-vakuolen som upptar nästan hela cellens volym, utgör samtidigt det mesta av epitelet i den andra distala halvan av tunntarmen, (arbete II). Dessa egenskaper i den omogna tarmens slemhinna korrelerar till överföringen av den passiva immuniteten under diperioden.<br/>Vid avvänjningen, d.v.s. vid övergången från mjölk till en diet med fast föda, accelererar mognaden av tarmen. De förändringar som sker, inkluderar ett utbyte av de omogna tarmepitelcellerna med mer mogna typer, som kännetecknas av ett minskat uttryck av antikroppsreceptorn och frånvaro av de hög-absorptiva vakuoliserade cellerna. Tarmens barriärfunktion ökar också drastiskt vid ”gut closure” med en förlust av den upptagskapaciteten för makromolekyler (arbete II, III och IV). Dessutom ökar bukspottkörtelns funktion vid avvänjningen (opublicerad data) och utsöndringen av pankreasenzymer stimuleras vilket visas i våra modeller med inducerad tarmmognad (arbete III och IV).<br/>Tarmmognad kan också induceras experimentellt och vi har utvecklat två olika modeller av inducerad tarmmognad i diande råttor genom att experimentell mata, dels med ett lektin från röda kidneybönor, fytohemagglutinin (PHA), och dels med proteaser, protein-nedbrytande enzymer (arbete I). Dessa experiment modeller med brådmognad av tarmen efterliknar de förändringar som naturligt sker vid avvänjning, men under en mer kontrollerad tidsram och förhållanden.<br/>De tidiga effekterna orsakade av behandling med de två provokativa substanserna har gett oss en bättre förståelse av de utlösande mekanismerna ledande till tarmmognad. Behandling med PHA gav en omedelbar blockering av all passage av makromolekyler över tarmväggen. Proteas-behandling blockerade både, den specifika och ospecifika vesikulära transportvägen, men skapade också ett läckage mellan cellerna, resulterande i en ökad permeabilitet i den distala delen av tunntarmen (pappers IV). Dessa resultat tyder på att de två substanserna har olika mekanismer för att provocera tarmmognad.<br/>Tarmens immunsystem har också satts i samband med mognaden av tarmen hos unga råttor och T-lymfocyter har föreslagits som viktiga modulatorer. Nyligen har en immuncells-relaterad transkriptionsfaktor, Blimp-1, utpekats som en viktig hämmare av tarmepitelceller mognad hos möss. Därför studerades Blimp1 i tunntarmen hos råtta och resultaten visade ett minskat uttryck, vältajmat med ökad mognad (papper II). Effekter av immunsystemet, särskilt T-celler, på tarmmognaden studerades också med hjälp av en modell med nakna råttor, vilka har ett nedsatt immunförsvar eftersom de saknar tymus, organet där T-celler utvecklas. De nakna råttorna verkade vara normalt känsliga för tarmprovokation eftersom brådmognad av tarmen kunde även induceras i dessa råttor (arbete III). Resultaten tyder därför på att mognad av tarmen är oberoende av tymus T-celler, men det kan finnas andra typer immuncell inblandade i processen.<br/>De utvecklingsmässiga förändringar som sker vid avvänjningen har också satts i samband s.k. "fysiologisk inflammation", med rekrytering av immunceller till tarmen. Det har tidigare visats att inducerad brådmognad av tarmen medför en rekryteringen av lymfocyter men fler studier behövs. Som stöd för detta fann vi ett ökat barriärläckage efter provokation med proteaser vilket tyder på att en inflammatorisk process sker (arbete IV).<br/>Min avhandling belyser tarmens utveckling efter födseln, m.h.a en modell med nyfödda råttor, med fokus på tarmens barriärfunktion, bukspottkörtelns funktion, och i relation till tarmens immunsystem, med speciellt focus på de tidiga utlösande mekanismerna. Detta studerades, både vid naturlig och experimentellt inducerad brådmognad av tarmen, med provokationsmodeller som utvecklats i vårt labb. Resultaten som framkommit bidrar med ny kunskap och en bättre förståelse för vad som utlöser mognad av tarmbarriären hos nyfödda och kan förhoppningsvis bidra till att förbättra eller utveckla nya strategier för behandling av tarmrelaterade komplikationer som ofta uppkommer hos förtidigt-födda barn.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1005d6f6-5ba2-4d1e-90fa-891a3aa3a67d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22541374/Ester_Arevalo_Sureda_webb.pdf application/pdf 10756741 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 2017-03 eng gut Intestine Pancreas development precocious protease PHA enterocytes permeability endocytosis IgG FcRn Blimp1 T-lymphocyte passive immunity altricial neonatal suckling athymic rat immunohistochemistry (IHC) Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-182-1 978-91-7753-183-8 182 2017-03-31T13:00:00+02:00 1005d6f6-5ba2-4d1e-90fa-891a3aa3a67d 2017-03-07T10:29:33+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-07T10:29:33+01:00

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theses published Lecture hall A, Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Eva Sperling author ce4a21b7-f2b4-483c-a144-ff1797a8b702 Urban Johanson supervisor 960e96cc-4320-415c-8050-4b6aeb53e9b5 Claes von Wachenfeldt supervisor e7d9c720-876f-43c8-9acc-6d3794fcfa41 Dr. David Drew opponent Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain and is involved in energy conservation generating an electro-chemical gradient across a membrane. The enzyme can be divided into a membrane spanning domain and a hydrophilic domain, which protrudes from the membrane. In the hydrophilic domain electrons from NADH oxidation are transported via a wire of iron-sulfur (Fe-S ) clusters to quinone, which is reduced. While the membrane domain is responsible for proton translocation to maintain the proton motive force, which is important for ATP synthesis. Large protein complexes like complex I have evolved from an assembly of discrete functional building blocks of which there are extant homologs. Two very different protein families, the Mrpantiporter and membrane bound [NiFe]-hydrogenases contain subunits which are homologous to complex I subunits. Part one of this work aimed to better understand the functional relationship between the related protein subunits of complex I, Mrp-antiporter and [NiFe]-hydrogenases. This knowledge will help us to elucidate the proton translocation pathway in complex I. First we compared the functional differentiation of complex I antiporter-like subunits with transporter subunits of the Hyc and Hyf hydrogenases and the 11-subunit complex I. For that we tested if the different subunits could rescue the growth of two salt sensitive Bacillus subtilis strain, which each lacked one of the two large Mrp-antiporter subunits (MrpA/MrpD). The 11-subunit complex I subunits could restore the growth in a similar manner as the complex I subunits, whereas the hydrogenase subunits could substitute equally well for the two MrpA and MrpD. We confirmed that 11-subunit complex I is a bona fide complex I. and that the hydrogenase subunits have intermediate forms of the antiporter-like subunits. Secondly we examined the functional relationship of the two homologous proteins MrpA from the Mrp-antiporter and NuoL from complex I. We located a stretch of amino acid residues which is conserved only in NuoL and MrpA, but not in the other complex I antiporter-like subunits or in MrpD. These residues were subjected to site directed mutagenesis and any resulting effects were examined in vivo by B. subtilis complementation studies and 23Na-NMR. Only one mutation (M258I/M225I) showed differences in the efficiency of cell growth and sodium efflux in both subunits, the other mutants were all able to cope with high salt levels.<br/><br/>Ion channels are important for many processes in the cell and critically depend on gradients over membranes to execute their functions. They are involved in the detection of changes in the environment, which is an important survival mechanism for every organism. One of these ion channels is TRPA1, which belongs to the TRP superfamily of non-selective cation channels. TRPA1 can be activated by changes in temperature and voltage, as well as by a wide range of electrophilic and non-electrophilic chemicals. As structural information is limited, the exact activation mechanism is still elusive. The aim of the second part was to study the structural and functional changes of TRPA1 upon activation by temperature and chemical activators. We studied the effect of increased temperature and ligands on the conformation of mosquito TRPA1 (AgTRPA1), using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, SRCD and nanoDSF. We showed that the electrophilic ligands tested were quenching the tryptophan flourescence in the same way, suggesting a similar binding mechanism. We propose a putative model how temperature and ligand can activate AgTRPA1.Furthermore, we truncated the C-terminal region of human TRPA1, in an attempt to narrow down the minimal structural and functional unit of hTRPA1. This will facilitate future structural and functional studies of the activation mechanism. Varje cell har ett membran som skapar en gräns mot omvärlden och skyddar<br/>cellen. Men cellen måste alltjämt utbyta viktiga molekyler med omvärlden för att<br/>överleva. Därför finns specialiserade proteiner, som sitter i membranen och utgör<br/>portar i denna barriär. Denna avhandling fokuserar på två membranproteiner, en<br/>protonpump och en jonkanal.<br/>Varje dag i våra liv använder vi hjärnan, muskler och hjärtat. Vart och ett av dessa<br/>organ behöver energi. Energivalutan i kroppen kallas ATP (adenosintrifosfat), en<br/>liten molekyl som deltar i många reaktioner i kroppen. ATP-produktion är mycket<br/>komplicerad och många olika enzymer är involverade. Nästan alla organismer<br/>utnyttjar flera stora proteinkomplex vilka är organiserade i en respirationsskedja. I<br/>eukaryoter (t.ex. djur och växter) finns de i mitokondriernas membran, de<br/>organeller som brukar kallas cellens kraftverk. Många sjukdomar, däribland<br/>Alzheimers och Parkinsons, utvecklas på grund av defekter i mitokondrierna.<br/>Detta leder till energibrist i cellen. Därför är det viktigt att förstå funktion och<br/>struktur av energiproduktionsenzymen. Det största och första enzymet i<br/>respirationsskedjan heter komplex I. Komplex I består av en del som sitter i<br/>membranet och en annan vattenlöslig del som sticker ut från membranet. Man kan<br/>hitta andra proteiner i naturen som är väldigt lika enskilda delar av komplex I, och<br/>förmodligen har komplex I evolverat från släktingar till dessa mindre proteiner<br/>som tillsammans har bildat ett stort proteinkomplex med nya funktioner. Vårt syfte<br/>med detta projekt var att karaktärisera dessa besläktade proteiner och testa om de<br/>fortfarande har liknande funktioner.<br/>Den andra delen handlar om hur vi kan förnimma/känna av vår omvärld. Det är<br/>livsviktigt att vi kan detektera förändringar i omvärlden, t.ex. temperatur, tryck<br/>etc. Vår kropp genomsyras av nervceller som är kopplade till det centrala<br/>nervsystemet (hjärnan och ryggmärgen). Några nervceller har specialiserade<br/>jonkanaler, som kan aktiveras genom förändringar i temperatur, tryck eller<br/>elektrisk spänning. Dessutom kan olika molekyler binda till jonkanaler och<br/>aktivera dem. När en jonkanal aktiveras skickas en elektrisk impuls till centrala<br/>nervsystemet och vi kan reagera. En av de specialiserade jonkanalerna heter<br/>TRPA1 och utgör temat för den andra delen i avhandligen. TRPA1 aktiveras av<br/>kalla och varma temperaturer och många olika molekyler (t.ex. från stark mat som<br/>wasabi och senap). Många människor lider av kronisk smärta, för vilket det saknas<br/>läkemedel utan biverkningar. Därför är TRPA1 ett attraktiv mål i utvecklingen av<br/>nya läkemedel. Av den orsaken är det viktigt att lösa proteinstrukturen, så att man<br/>förstår hur TRPA1 aktiveras. Vårt syfte med denna del av projektet var att<br/>undersöka och minimera en liten strukturell enheten av TRPA1, som fortfarande<br/>fungerar, för att lättare urskilja vilka strukturförändringar som sker vid aktivering<br/>TRPA1. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7f4dc35f-ede9-45d8-9d21-1711a8218bcc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22297652/Thesis_Eva_Sperling_Kappa.pdf application/pdf 9375843 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology 2017-03 eng Complex I Mrp-antiporter Membrane bound hydrogenases TRP ion channels TRPA1 thermosensation chemosensation 23Na-NMR Natural Sciences Biological Sciences Structural Biology 978-91-7422-507-5 978-91-7422-508-2 167 2017-03-31T09:15:00+02:00 7f4dc35f-ede9-45d8-9d21-1711a8218bcc 2017-03-07T11:25:01+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-07T11:25:01+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:86198195-6789-4b86-8b40-c8f05f1ee4d2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Farrokh Ghani Zadegan author 63f65356-45d3-4f0b-8af6-541da72ef18a Erik Larsson supervisor 41824355-123c-422e-8d80-e7232ee36ae7 Professor Jennifer Lynn Dworak opponent Southern Methodist University, USA Integrated Electronic Systems v1001101 department The constant need for higher performance and more advanced functionality has made the design and manufacturing of modern electronic chips highly demanding. Moreover, the use of smaller transistors in modern chips has increased their sensitivity to aging and faults, hence the need to constantly monitor the correct operation of these chips. To address the challenges and requirements, it has become common to embed extra hardware modules in the chips to assist in the design and manufacturing processes, as well as in monitoring the correct operation of the chips. Such modules, commonly referred to as on-chip instruments, are used through the entire life cycle of the chip, from the early prototyping phase to when the system incorporating that chip becomes operational at the customer's site. <br/>The increasing trend in the number and complexity of the on-chip instruments called for methodologies that allow for scalable, fast, and easy access to these instruments. As an alternative to in-house methods, which although effective might be expensive to maintain, two IEEE standards, namely, IEEE Std 1687 and IEEE Std 1149.1-2013, have recently come into existence. These standards provide a common base for describing reconfigurable on-chip instrument access networks, as well as for describing the operation of each embedded instrument by using high-level description languages. Such common base motivates the development of relevant design automation tools, and facilitates the integration of instruments developed by multiple vendors. These standards, however, have left the arising optimization problems in the design and operation of such networks to be addressed by the electronic design automation community. <br/>In this thesis, we address some of these optimization problems whose objective is to minimize the instrument access time, i.e., the time it takes to transport data to/from the instruments over reconfigurable on-chip instrument access networks. In particular, we present access time analysis that helps to determine the contributing factors to the access time overhead. Using the analysis, we present methods for design of reconfigurable networks that are optimized with respect to instrument access time. Moreover, to operate such on-chip networks, there is a need for automation tools that translate (<i>retarget</i>) high-level descriptions of instrument access procedures specified at instruments' boundaries, into low-level description languages or bit vectors applicable from the chip's boundary. The reconfigurability of these networks, makes it challenging to perform the retargeting such that the generated vectors are optimized with respect to the time it takes to apply them to the chip. In this thesis, we explore opportunities for optimization in retargeting. In particular, we present a method to assist in optimal bit vector generation, by reducing the solution space without removing the optimal vector from it. Finally, considering the application of on-chip networks in in-field monitoring of the correct operation of chips, we propose a self-reconfiguring network that upon detection of errors, automatically reconfigures itself to reduce the time it takes to identify the faulty resources.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/86198195-6789-4b86-8b40-c8f05f1ee4d2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22839006/main.pdf application/pdf 11638771 no The Department of Electrical and Information Technology 2017-02-21 eng On-chip instruments reconfigurable networks access time optimization retargeting fault management Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering 978-91-7753-026-8 978-91-7753-027-5 226 2017-03-17T10:15:00+01:00 86198195-6789-4b86-8b40-c8f05f1ee4d2 2017-02-21T10:40:02+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-21T10:40:02+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:71400d9a-71e8-4f8e-a043-3cdd78a80259 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Mikael Kronborg Christophersen author e14fe799-1f5d-4edb-b79a-fdbca5b489c5 Björn Nilsson supervisor 9f2ded2e-2de1-46e6-930a-6ce341559cac Jill Storry supervisor adf68a0c-1c81-4b16-ade9-506f42b7ec09 associate professor Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel opponent Rigshospitalet, Köpenhamn Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology v1000553 department Hematogenomics v1001108 department Hematogenomics research group <p>The Vel blood group antigen is present on red blood cells from all humans except rare Vel-negative individuals,<br> who can form antibodies to Vel in response to transfusion or pregnancy. It was first described in 1952 as a high<br> incidence antigen, while the molecular background was recently discovered to be a 17-bp deletion in Small<br> Integral Membrane Protein 1, that causes a frame-shift mutation and abolishes SMIM1 expression, thus creating a<br> Vel-negative phenotype.<br> </p><br> <p>This thesis contains one of the three original discovery studies reporting the Vel antigen-defining SMIM1-<br> deletion. We analysed SNP microarray data from Vel-positive and -negative individuals and identified SMIM1 as<br> a potential gene. We then found the 17-bp deletion to only be present in Vel-negative individuals and sought to<br> finally prove SMIM1 as the genetic background for the Vel antigen by examining: 1) SMIM1 mRNA sequence<br> and expression levels, 2) presence of SMIM1 and the Vel antigen in red blood cell membranes from Vel-positive<br> and -negative individuals and 3) anti-Vel antibody reactivity in erythroleukaemia cells expressing wild type and<br> mutant SMIM1 protein. Our discovery allowed Vel to be officially recognised by the International Society of<br> Blood Transfusion as blood group system 034.<br/><br> The SMIM1 deletion is the major determinant for Vel expression, yet even Vel-positive individuals (i.e. people<br> carrying wild type SMIM1) show substantial variation in reactivity with anti-Vel antibody, creating a risk for Vel<br> blood typing errors and transfusion reactions. We suspected the cause to be sequence variants in SMIM1 and<br> found rs143702418 (insertion, C&gt;CGCA) and rs1175550 (A&gt;G) to independently influence expression of<br> SMIM1, potentially mediated by the erythroid transcription factor TAL1 that binds preferentially to the high-<br> expressing rs1175550G allele.<br/><br> Lastly, we examined historical Vel-negative samples and sought to retroactively reconcile historic Vel<br> designations to our current knowledge of the SMIM1 deletion variant. As such, we found the old Vel;–1,–2<br> designation, attributed to individuals phenotyped to have weak to no Vel antigen expression, to correspond to<br> homozygosity for the SMIM1 deletion, while persons designated Vel;1,–2, low Vel antigen expression, matched<br> with being heterozygous carrier of the deletion.<br> </p><br> <p>The Vel antigen was one of the few remaining clinically significant antigens with unknown genetic background,<br> that causes severe haemolytic transfusion reactions. This thesis assisted in characterising the molecular<br> background of the Vel antigen, which paved the way for molecular Vel typing in the clinic, as well as the<br> prospect of manufacturing a synthetic monoclonal anti-Vel antibody to be used in diagnostics, blood group typing<br> and research. </p> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/71400d9a-71e8-4f8e-a043-3cdd78a80259 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22336367/Christophersen_MK_Identification_and_characterisation_of_SMIM1_variants_determining_the_Vel_blood_group.pdf application/pdf 4002653 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017-02-22 eng Blood groups Vel blood group system genetic variation transcriptional regulation Hematology 978-91-7619-428-7 94 2017-03-30T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:48 71400d9a-71e8-4f8e-a043-3cdd78a80259 2017-03-02T11:50:15+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-03-02T11:50:15+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5557e275-92ef-4e03-95d0-b63aed20cd1d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall KC:B, at Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Hamse Kjerstadius author 55c9d2bc-5e35-4ec3-befd-f31eca554887 Karin Jönsson supervisor e7cd5416-7498-4b07-b192-c57c2fb5e587 Åsa Davidsson supervisor fc21e1ab-05ae-43e3-8343-cad733600d35 Jes La Cour Jansen supervisor 3951530c-095d-4c30-a383-b6cbd273bde4 Professor Grietje Zeeman opponent Wageningen University, the Netherlands Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department The thesis investigates how anaerobic digestion could be utilized to improve wastewater management,<br/>specifically in regards to future expected regulation on sludge management in Sweden.<br/>Two possible paths of applying anaerobic digestion are investigated. First, the usage of thermophilic anaerobic<br/>digestion of sludge in order to achieve pathogen hygienization. Second, the usage of anaerobic digestion to<br/>treat wastewaters at decreased temperature. The evaluation of each path was made through practical lab<br/>scale experiments. Additionally, the benefits of each path was compared through desk top environmental<br/>impact studies and economic analysis.<br/>The results for the first path showed that thermophilic anaerobic digestion renders high pathogen hygienization<br/>even at relative short exposure times. However no additional beneficial impact on biogas production or the<br/>reduction of organic micropollutants was found. The results for the second path showed that the difficulty of<br/>operating the sensitive anaerobic digestion process at low temperatures can be partly overcome by simple<br/>engineering batch tests. Furthermore, the dissolved methane in the effluent wastewaters can be extracted<br/>using membrane contactors. Finally, the environmental impact assessment showed that increased resource<br/>recovery from wastewater, as well as decreased climate impact, can be achieved by applying anaerobic<br/>digestion on source separated domestic wastewaster.<br/>The economic evaluation of the two paths showed that the implementation of source separation systems is<br/>expensive compared to implementing the needed thermophilic hygienization. However, source separation<br/>systems would greatly boost nutrient recovery from cities to agriculture which complies well with the goals of<br/>the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5557e275-92ef-4e03-95d0-b63aed20cd1d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/22098807/Ph.d._Thesis_without_papers_Hamse_Kjerstadius.pdf application/pdf 13576952 no Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2017-03-31 eng Water Treatment 978-91-7422-503-7 978-91-7422-504-4 155 2017-03-31T09:00:00+02:00 5557e275-92ef-4e03-95d0-b63aed20cd1d 2017-03-02T16:16:35+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-03-02T16:16:35+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c13d394c-cf8f-4ce2-af77-8756d47926be 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:E, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Henrik Askfelt author 8c400765-ecb0-4f02-b5a7-417af9530dd5 Matti Ristinmaa supervisor b0191764-5f7a-4e94-81e2-332ac77fc9f4 Niels Saabye Ottosen supervisor bcbf4d07-cf0e-40a0-af66-9fefbe2e4eb5 Johan Tryding supervisor 3639835b-eadc-41ab-bc43-7b9f091e1089 Associate professor Lynn Schreyer opponent Washington State University Solid Mechanics v1000231 department This thesis investigates the coupling between moisture, heat, and deformation in paperboard. The presented investigations are primarily conducted via macroscale continuum modeling but experimental characterisations are also made. The continuum modeling is presented in a mixture theory framework where the paperboard is considered as a porous media composed of three immiscible phases; a network of cellulose fibers, liquid water bound in or to the fibers, and moist air. The motion of each phase is described and the interactions of mass, energy, and momentum between the three phases are also considered. Emphasis in the current work is to derive a thermodynamically consistent model and all constitutive relations are derived with consideration to the Clausius-Duhem inequality. The derived continuum model is used in numerical investigations to study the response of slow, long time processes such as storing of paperboard rolls as well as rapid processes where the board is exposed to significant temperature changes and mechanical loads during a short period of time.<br/>The thesis begins with an introduction where some of the characteristic properties of paperboard are described and the basic concepts of the hybrid mixture theory framework are explained. The main part of the thesis is then composed of four papers, A, B, C, and D. In Paper A, a model describing the transport of mass and heat in paperboard is developed. The model considers slow transport processes and assumes the fiber network to be incompressible. Special focus of Paper A is to develop a model that is able to describe the static and dynamic sorption properties of paperboard. The derived model is used to predict the evolution of the moisture and heat distributions in paperboard rolls in climates with a varying relative humidity. In Papers B and C, the model derived in Paper A is further developed to handle rapid processes where significant temperature changes are expected. Furthermore, in Papers B and C, the assumption of an incompressible fiber network is abandoned and an orthotropic stress-strain response with an advanced yield surface is incorporated in a large strain setting. The model is then used to predict the response of paperboard during a transversal sealing process. In Paper D, experimental investigations are made on the in-plane permeability and on the static and dynamic sorption properties of paperboard. The results from these investigations are then used together with the model developed in Paper B and C to analyse the physics behind a blister test. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c13d394c-cf8f-4ce2-af77-8756d47926be https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15981000/HenrikAskfeltPhDThesis.pdf application/pdf 12131961 no Department of Construction Sciences, Lund University 2016 eng Paperboard Mixture theory Porous media Large strains Engineering and Technology 9789177530084 9789177530091 174 2016-11-18T10:15:00+01:00 c13d394c-cf8f-4ce2-af77-8756d47926be 2016-10-24T15:36:08+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-24T15:36:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1fcd08f5-06ff-4f62-8955-2651328e120b 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall of the Radioterapy Building, 3rd floor, Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund. 1 CHARLOTTA HEDNER author e06150e0-8e17-45e4-8023-bd1d95d41efd Jakob Eberhard supervisor 6fa6241d-f5b8-4eae-b15b-eef4ae133f2b Karin Jirström supervisor 505ee0e8-4789-46f8-995a-741de2e16b94 associate professor Pia Österlund opponent Tampere University Hospital, Finland Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Estimates indicate that the global cancer burden may be ever-increasing. Gastric cancer is one of the major cancer forms. Despite its declining incidence, the high mortality of gastric cancer makes it the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Esophageal cancer is less common, but the incidence is increasing in parts of the world. Although some progress has been made in the treatment of these cancer forms, survival rates between 10 and 27 percent confer a dismal prognosis for the afflicted patients.<br/>The main aim of this thesis is to study the prognostic and predictive value of selected biomarkers in upper gastrointestinal cancer in order to identify novel, clinically relevant subgroups of the disease.<br/>Tissue microarrays were created with primary tumours from two consecutive cohorts, one consisting of patients surgically treated for adenocarcinoma in the esophagus or stomach without prior neoadjuvant treatment and the other consisting of patients surgically treated for adenocarcinoma in the esophagus or stomach after neoadjuvant therapy, both in the University hospitals of Lund and Malmö. In addition, a subset of paired normal tissue, pre-treatment biopsies, intestinal metaplasia and lymph node, as well as distant metastases, was sampled. Further, by means of Western blot analysis, siRNA-mediated knockdown, qPCR and immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry, the specificities of the Special AT-rich Sequence-binding Protein (SATB) 1, SATB2 and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER) 3 antibodies used were confirmed.<br/>Immunohistochemichal expression of SATB1, a global genome organiser that has been demonstrated to promote aggressive tumour behaviour in several types of cancer, was shown to be an independent adverse prognostic biomarker in patients with radically resected adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. The distribution, interrelationship and prognostic significance of protein expression and gene amplification of the treatment target HER2 was examined in the tumours from the first cohort. Expression of HER2 in primary tumours had no prognostic impact, whereas conversion of expression between primary tumour and lymph node metastasis was an independent adverse prognostic factor. The expression of EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1) and HER3 in tissue from the first cohort was also examined. EGFR was independently associated with a shorter overall survival. High HER3 expression was associated with a longer overall survival, although not independently. The expression, interrelationship and prognostic significance of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 was also examined in the tumours from the second cohort. No associations between EGFR or HER2 expression and survival were seen. A non-independent association between post-treatment HER3 expression and longer overall survival was seen. A change in expression of the examined proteins between pre-treatment biopsies and post-treatment resection specimens was seen in 5, 6 and 20% of the cases, respectively.<br/>In conclusion, our results provide further evidence that SATB1 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Our studies also shed light on new aspects of HER expression, associations with prognosis and changes in expression during the growth, spread and treatment of tumours, which could affect diagnostic and treatment strategies.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1fcd08f5-06ff-4f62-8955-2651328e120b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16023773/Thesis_Hedner.pdf application/pdf 7817216 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng 978-91-7619-351-8 78 2016-11-25T09:15:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:125 1fcd08f5-06ff-4f62-8955-2651328e120b 2016-10-25T09:50:16+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-10-25T09:50:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f269ee3d-6742-43b7-b045-d5409aae0d74 2026-02-03T14:47:49Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall MA:03, Annexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Erik Henningsson author 7681fa3d-63a6-4625-99fd-8ff5f64056b3 Eskil Hansen supervisor ca6f6b04-f461-4141-a734-316f9e7cfd23 Stefan Diehl supervisor a10f89bf-b31d-4a06-87ce-801bb73340fc Anders Heyden supervisor d1e474bb-be17-4f13-bca9-0ff7d6323972 Dr. Axel Målqvist opponent Chalmers University of Technology/University of Gothenburg, Sweden Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering) v1000667 department Splitting methods are widely used temporal approximation schemes for parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). These schemes may be very efficient when a problem can be naturally decomposed into multiple parts.<br/> <br/>In this thesis, splitting methods are analysed when applied to spatial splittings (partitions of the computational domain) and physical splittings (separations of physical processes) of semilinear parabolic problems. The thesis is organized into three major themes: optimal convergence order analysis, spatial splittings and a physical splitting application.<br/><br/>In view of the first theme, temporal semi-discretizations based on splitting methods are considered. An analysis is performed which yields convergence without order under weak regularity assumptions on the solution, and convergence orders ranging up to classical for progressively more regular solutions. The analysis is performed in the framework of maximal dissipative operators, which includes a large number of parabolic problems. The temporal results are also combined with convergence studies of spatial discretizations to prove simultaneous space–time convergence orders for full discretizations.<br/><br/>For the second theme, two spatial splitting formulations are considered. For dimension splittings each part of the formulation represents the evolution in one spatial dimension only. Thereby, multidimensional problems can be reduced to families of one-dimensional problems. For domain decomposition splittings each part represents a problem on only a smaller subdomain of the full domain of the PDE. The results of the first theme are applied to prove optimal convergence orders for splitting schemes used in conjunction with these two splitting formulations. <br/><br/>The last theme concerns the evaluation of a physical splitting procedure in an interdisciplinary application. A model for axonal growth out of nerve cells is considered. This model features several challenges to be addressed by a successful numerical method. It consists of a linear PDE coupled to nonlinear ordinary differential equations via a moving boundary, which is part of the solution. The biological model parameters imply a wide range of scales, both in time and space. Based on a physical splitting, a tailored scheme for this model is constructed. Its robustness and efficiency are then verified by numerical experiments. För att skapa matematiska beskrivningar av fysiska fenomen inom bland annat naturvetenskap, teknik och medicin används ofta partiella differentialekvationer. Listan med tillämpningar kan göras hur lång som helst: sådana ekvationer kan beskriva hur en snöflinga bildas, hur strukturer deformeras när de utsätts för mekaniska krafter, hur partiklar interagerar på kvantnivå, hur blodet flödar i hjärnans kapillärer, hur axontillväxten ser ut i nervceller och så vidare. Den sistnämnda tillämpningen återkommer vi till. Genom att använda partiella differentialekvationer för att skapa matematiska modeller av fysiska fenomen kan vi nå en djupare förståelse av komplexa processer. Dessutom är skapandet och analysen av en matematisk modell i allmänhet betydligt billigare än fysiska experiment. <br/><br/>Såsom antyds av listan med tillämpningar används partiella differentialekvationer ofta för att modellera processer som varierar i både tid och rum. Dessa ekvationer kan nästan aldrig lösas exakt. Istället används i praktiken numeriska metoder för att hitta approximativa (ungefärliga) lösningar med hjälp av datorer. Givetvis är det av största vikt att metoderna som används är både snabba och noggranna. Att säkerställa detta är centralt i den forskning som genomförs inom numerisk analys.<br/><br/>I många fall kan partiella differentialekvationer vara så komplicerade att det inte är tänkbart att hitta en approximativ lösning till hela ekvationen på en gång. Istället kan man dela upp ekvationen i delar som var och en är betydligt enklare att approximera. Sådana uppdelningar kallas för splittingformuleringar och numeriska metoder som använder sig av dessa kallas för splittingmetoder. Givetvis införs ett approximationsfel när delarna hanteras separat. Vi måste väga förenklade beräkningar mot ett ökat fel. För att kunna göra detta måste vi förstå oss på hur felet ser ut.<br/><br/>Vi kräver alltså att våra numeriska metoder är både snabba och noggranna. Det sistnämnda innebär att metoderna genererar små approximationsfel. Genom att uppskatta dessa fels storlek kan man avgöra hur noggrann en approximation är. Av speciellt intresse är feluppskattningar som skildrar hur mycket felet minskar om man ökar mängden datorkraft som används i beräkningarna. I denna avhandling härleder vi feluppskattningar för ett antal splittingmetoder. Vilken noggrannhet vi får beror på vilken splittingmetod som analyseras och på egenskaper hos lösningen till den approximerade differentialekvationen.<br/><br/>Vår analys gäller för splittingmetoder när de appliceras på så kallade semilinjära partiella differentialekvationer. Viss konvergensordningsanalys för sådana ekvationer finns sedan tidigare i litteraturen men då under begränsande antaganden som utesluter många intressanta fall. Våra resultat, å andra sidan, kan appliceras på många olika klasser av semilinjära ekvationer.<br/><br/>Vi lägger extra fokus på att använda våra konvergensresultat för att analysera två olika splittingformuleringar: fysikaliska och rumsberoende. För ett klassiskt exempel på den förstnämnda föreställer vi oss luftföroreningar i atmosfären. Med en fysikalisk splitting kan föroreningarnas rörelser (diffusion) hanteras separat från deras kemiska reaktioner med varandra. För ännu effektivare beräkningar kan vi dessutom införa en rumsberoende splitting. Till exempel kan vi alternera mellan olika riktningar i atmosfären och beräkna föroreningarnas diffusion i en riktning åt gången. Alternativt kan vi hantera diffusionen i olika delar av atmosfären var för sig. En numerisk metod baserad på dessa splittingformuleringar lämpar sig väl för parallella beräkningar, till exempel på ett kluster av datorer. <br/><br/>Utöver de generella analyser som vi diskuterat hittills genomför vi också en djupare studie av en semilinjär partiell differentialekvation hämtad från en tillämpning inom teoretisk biologi. Från varje nervcell växer en lång, tubformad nervtråd ut från cellkroppen. Utväxten kallas axon och byggs upp av proteinet tubulin. Detta protein produceras i cellkroppen och transporteras sedan längs med axonet för att slutligen monteras i andra änden av denna nervtråd. För att simulera dessa processer skapar vi en matematisk modell som bland annat består av en partiell differentialekvation. Sedan approximerar vi modellen via en fysikalisk splitting som låter oss hantera tubulinets förflyttning längs axonet separat från uppbyggnadsprocessen i axonets ände. Våra experiment visar att en numerisk metod baserad på denna splittingformulering ger snabba beräkningar och noggranna resultat. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f269ee3d-6742-43b7-b045-d5409aae0d74 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16026998/Kappa.pdf application/pdf 1267097 no Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University 2016-10-21 eng splitting schemes parabolic equations semilinear evolution equations dissipative convergence order dimension splitting domain decomposition axonal growth Computational Mathematics Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-000-8 978-91-7753-001-5 175 2016-11-25T13:15:00+01:00 f269ee3d-6742-43b7-b045-d5409aae0d74 2016-10-25T15:00:32+02:00 2026-02-03T14:47:49Z 2016-10-25T15:00:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e864d03c-d4d3-4e25-a888-536d546b5943 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aula, International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University, Tegnérsplatsen 4, Lund 1 Olga Chkanikova author 03651806-0696-4cf9-b7fe-7746bfb36e66 Oksana Mont supervisor ce9464fa-b604-4304-90d6-8220b09047f7 Beatrice Kogg supervisor af952b2e-10b5-49bd-a523-ff38e6917eb3 Docent Niklas Egels Zandén opponent Göteborgs universitet The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics v1000927 department Addressing sustainability concerns in supply chain operations can be a matter of long-term business survival for food retailers. However, regardless of whether it is perceived as a risk or market opportunity, acting across the value chain to address unsustainable production and consumption practices has been a constant challenge. <br/><br/>This thesis investigated the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices in food retailing as a strategy to create environmentally and socially responsible food supply chains. These practices include ways of managing supplier relationships and associated institutions (third-party sustainability certification and mechanism of private eco-branding) to promote a sustainably produced product supply. <br/>SSCM practices have been investigated among Swedish and West European food retailers known for their active engagement with sustainability initiatives in their supply chains. The overarching research design can be best described as a multiple embedded case study design, with 28 semi-structured interviews serving as a primary source of empirical evidence. <br/><br/>The study develops a dynamic and contextual perspective on the SSCM phenomenon, building on insights offered by the New Institutional Economics theory and a broader field of institutional analysis, as well as perspectives offered by a Dynamic Capabilities theory. This moves research in the field of SSCM away from simple inventories of SSCM practices towards more theory-building. More specifically, this study demonstrates that corporate choice of relationship management practices with suppliers and associated institutions, with the aim of influencing and controlling product compliance with environmental and social criteria, depends on: 1) the contextual realities of the broader institutional field, 2) the specificity of the supply chain/transactional context, 3) the interplay between these two contexts, and 4) the design of the existing sustainability certification schemes. <br/><br/>This study confirms the role of third-party sustainability certification as a vital market institution for faciliating retailer engagement with SSCM practices. However, it also provides evidence that existing sustainability certifications do not always enable retailers to develop sustainability-based supply chains in a competitive and low-risk manner. Consequently, retailers work to develop novel institutions, such as private eco-branding and retail-driven certification schemes. These schemes have greater impact on the availability of a green product supply than when only existing third-party certification institutions are used. Both private eco-brands and novel certifications provide opportunities for developing dynamic capabilities and thereby a sustained competitive advantage.<br/><br/>However, in developing novel institutions, retailers still rely heavily on existing third-party sustainability certifications, utilising auditing procedures and tacit knowledge associated with certification development. Based on these findings it is suggested that multiple certification schemes are not necessarily problematic. They may even be advantageous from a SSCM perspective, in that retailers may be encouraged to engage with greening their product supply.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e864d03c-d4d3-4e25-a888-536d546b5943 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16643276/Olga_Chkanikova_webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 5578121 no International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University 2016-11-07 eng sustainable supply chain management, food retailing, sustainability certification, private eco-brands Natural Sciences Social Sciences 978-91-87357-24-4 978-91-7753-068-8 118 2016-12-02T10:00:00+01:00 e864d03c-d4d3-4e25-a888-536d546b5943 2016-10-25T21:47:01+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-25T21:47:01+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8cca6c28-b889-4867-ad67-4f542f42efc3 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Wroblewskisalen, Ruth Lundskogs gata 3, plan 5, Infektionskliniken, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 ANDREA POLISTENA author b2ad929b-fb38-424e-a331-289cf3622255 BENGT JEPPSSON supervisor 1651e9d4-19b0-484d-9091-1f695332dd35 Louis Banka Johnson supervisor d6f8e7ee-7fdf-4017-8592-c4809a458e66 Diya Adawi supervisor dbb72195-f17d-4699-9a3e-36dab05c681a docent Helgi Birgisson opponent Institutionen för kirurgiska vetenskaper, Uppsala Universitet Surgery v1000516 department Surgery research group Background and aims: Radiotherapy is a valid treatment in cancer multimodal management but it is affected by severe systemic and local side effects. A murine small bowel model was used for the investigation of inflammatory features and apoptosis of local radiotherapy. Similarly the same model was used to analyze the combined effects of radiotherapy and antibiotics in the expression of matrilysin, MMP involved in murine bowel, in the production of antimicrobical peptides when it is exposed to bacteria. Matrilysin is furthermore expressed in human colorectal cancer and can be overxpressed by radiation exposure. Clinical studies of radiated and non radiated colorectal patients were used to correlate matrilysin expression with different tumor stages and different radiotherapy protocols.<br/>Results: Features of radiation injury observed in murine small bowel may be mainly summarized as early increases of inflammatory proteins as MIP-2, a decrease in leucocyte CD 45 positive cells over time and increased dose dependent cellular death. Not only radiotherapy or antibiotics alone, but the combination of both preoperative radiotherapy and antibiotics leads to marked increases in matrilysin expression in the rodent intestine. Higher levels of matrilysin in stage I/II adenocarcinoma compared to stage III/IV and varying grades of dysplasia were observed in non radiated colo-rectal cancers. Radiotherapy affects MMP-7 expression in different grade depending on the radiation dose delivered with long course therapy showing limited effect on MMP-7 expression.<br/>Conclusions: a murine model of local irradiation is effective in studying the early radiation-induced tissue injury of small bowel. Radiotherapy tends to override the effect of antibiotics and leads to an up-regulation of MMP-7 and TGF-β and MIP-2 expression in the murine intestine. Significantly increased concentrations of MMP-7 in tumor tissues, lymph nodes and in serum is associated with increasing grade of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma infiltration. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA are simple cost-benefit methods when examining tumor behaviour in resected specimens. High dose (50 Gy) radiotherapy administered in preoperatively long course induces significantly less MMP-7 over-expression compared to short term 25 Gy irradiation at surgery and which itself has an overriding effect of up regulation of MMP-7. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8cca6c28-b889-4867-ad67-4f542f42efc3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16072154/book_final.pdf application/pdf 137018835 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Radiotherapy Inflammation Colorectal Cancer MMP-7 Matrilysin Bacteria Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-354-9 81 2016-11-10T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:128 8cca6c28-b889-4867-ad67-4f542f42efc3 2016-10-25T21:57:07+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-10-25T21:57:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7a5b18ab-692e-4085-a92c-6eae6178ef01 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen i Strålbehandlingshuset, Klinikgatan 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Emma Sandén author 685ce3d5-102e-41f8-8e66-a50686bd79ac Anna Darabi supervisor 3be0de10-03cf-4e13-923c-0ab0d9607db1 Peter Siesjö supervisor b5248882-4d04-4cd4-a9de-c7263e59a8c0 Edward Visse supervisor 903eccec-c68e-436b-b057-90403e790f7d ass professor Robert Prins opponent University of California, Los Angeles, USA Neurosurgery v1000450 department Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Current treatment protocols fail in 25% of patients and are associated with significant long-term adverse effects in survivors. Experimental models of these tumors are scarce and will be crucial for the development of more efficient treatment strategies, including molecular targeting and immunotherapy.<br> In this thesis, I describe the establishment and characterization of novel in vitro and in vivo models of pediatric brain tumors. I initially define a standardized protocol for establishment of patient-derived cell cultures, based on the concept of serum-free monolayer culturing. In addition, I describe the generation of an orthotopic xenograft model of a high-risk Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB-LU-181) by cerebellar inoculation of low-passage tumor cells.<br> The newly established experimental models were phenotyped alongside patient samples, with emphasis on inflammatory mediators that could serve as future targets for therapeutic intervention. Tumor markers, cytokine signatures and components of the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway were generally preserved following propagation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the biological faithfulness of the models. CD24 was identified as a clinically and experimentally useful immunomarker for medulloblastoma cells, but additional detailed studies are needed to determine the prerequisites for targeted treatment. PTGS2 (COX-2) and VEGFA were overexpressed in Group 3 medulloblastoma compared to other medulloblastoma subgroups; COX-2 was further evaluated as a therapeutic target in an immunocompetent high-grade glioma model, where simultaneous administration of COX-2 inhibitors and GM-CSF based immunotherapy cured &gt;60% of tumor-bearing mice.<br> I finally performed a systemic immune characterization of children with brain tumors. Multiplex analysis of preoperative plasma samples identified patient groups with distinct cytokine profiles, which could have important implications for the development and clinical implementation of immunotherapies.<br> In brief, this thesis presents novel experimental models that recapitulate the phenotype of pediatric brain tumors and will serve as tools for future studies of tumor biology and preclinical drug evaluation. The results also implicate a role for immune intervention and monitoring in the treatment of children with brain tumors. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7a5b18ab-692e-4085-a92c-6eae6178ef01 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16068461/Emma_Sanden_2016.pdf application/pdf 3980888 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Pediatric Brain Tumor Experimental model Immunotherapy Immune monitoring Medulloblastoma Cancer and Oncology Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) Pediatrics 978-91-7619-369-3 110 2016-12-01T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:142 7a5b18ab-692e-4085-a92c-6eae6178ef01 2016-10-26T12:43:45+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z 2016-10-26T12:43:45+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1b26939d-2a71-4025-aa17-ee5249fe0f38 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre II, lecture hall “Pangea”, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Ehsan Abdolmajidi author 1ea7a3a1-af86-45fc-b3a8-f66809b59259 Ali Mansourian supervisor f2c7314b-e9bf-4630-be96-f580ed430d85 Lars Harrie supervisor ca15229c-36c1-42bb-bb8e-717fa4f7fb3d Professor Mike Jackson opponent The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Modeling and improving Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) project Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development is widely known to be a challenging process owing to its complex and dynamic nature. Although great effort has been made to conceptually explain the complexity and dynamics of SDIs, few studies thus far have actually modeled these complexities. In fact, better modeling of SDI complexities will lead to more reliable plans for its development. A state-of-the-art simulation model of SDI development, hereafter referred to as SMSDI, was created by using the system dynamics (SD) technique. The SMSDI enables policy-makers to test various investment scenarios in different aspects of SDI and helps them to determine the optimum policy for further development of an SDI. This thesis begins with adaption of the SMSDI to a new case study in Tanzania by using the community of participant concept, and further development of the model is performed by using fuzzy logic. It is argued that the techniques and models proposed in this part of the study enable SDI planning to be conducted in a more reliable manner, which facilitates receiving the support of stakeholders for the development of SDI.<br/>Developing a collaborative platform such as SDI would highlight the differences among stakeholders including the heterogeneous data they produce and share. This makes the reuse of spatial data difficult mainly because the shared data need to be integrated with other datasets and used in applications that differ from those originally produced for. The integration of authoritative data and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), which has a lower level structure and production standards, is a new, challenging area. The second part of this study focuses on proposing techniques to improve the matching and integration of spatial datasets. It is shown that the proposed solutions, which are based on pattern recognition and ontology, can considerably improve the integration of spatial data in SDIs and enable the reuse or multipurpose usage of available data resources.<br/> Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development is widely known to be a challenging process owing to its complex and dynamic nature. Although great effort has been made to conceptually explain the complexity and dynamics of SDIs, few studies thus far have actually modeled these complexities. In fact, better modeling of SDI complexities will lead to more reliable plans for its development. A state-of-the-art simulation model of SDI development, hereafter referred to as SMSDI, was created by using the system dynamics (SD) technique. The SMSDI enables policy-makers to test various investment scenarios in different aspects of SDI and helps them to determine the optimum policy for further development of an SDI. This thesis begins with adaption of the SMSDI to a new case study in Tanzania by using the community of participant concept, and further development of the model is performed by using fuzzy logic. It is argued that the techniques and models proposed in this part of the study enable SDI planning to be conducted in a more reliable manner, which facilitates receiving the support of stakeholders for the development of SDI.<br/>Developing a collaborative platform such as SDI would highlight the differences among stakeholders including the heterogeneous data they produce and share. This makes the reuse of spatial data difficult mainly because the shared data need to be integrated with other datasets and used in applications that differ from those originally produced for. The integration of authoritative data and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), which has a lower level structure and production standards, is a new, challenging area. The second part of this study focuses on proposing techniques to improve the matching and integration of spatial datasets. It is shown that the proposed solutions, which are based on pattern recognition and ontology, can considerably improve the integration of spatial data in SDIs and enable the reuse or multipurpose usage of available data resources.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1b26939d-2a71-4025-aa17-ee5249fe0f38 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16071990/e_nailing_pdf_Ehsan.pdf application/pdf 1559329 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2016 eng Spatial Data Infrastructure System Dynamics Fuzzy Logic Data integration Pattern detection Resource Description Framework (RDF) Ontology Physical Geography 978-91-85793-65-5 978-91-85793-66-2 64 2016-11-18T10:00:00+01:00 1b26939d-2a71-4025-aa17-ee5249fe0f38 2016-10-26T18:01:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-26T18:01:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:53b29a6e-7465-4737-81c9-a998007c9d47 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre II, lecture hall “Pangea”, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Sanna Alwmark author e6bfff28-4f2b-4ce3-b12e-e47ebfc5a4e5 Ulf Söderlund supervisor b273f2e6-6b92-4672-ac6d-ebf329fe3aea Ludovic Ferrière supervisor Matthias Meier supervisor Anders Scherstén supervisor e02ca9d2-de6d-41dd-90d2-51331f8dcde8 Prof. Dr. Thomas Kenkmann opponent University of Freiburg, Germany Lithosphere and Biosphere Science v1000635 department Impact cratering was once considered a rare geological process of no, or little, importance to the evolution of the Solar System and planet Earth. After more than 50 years of space exploration and the discovery of numerous (~190 as of October 2016) impact structures on Earth, this view has changed, and it is now clear that impact craters are in fact one of the most common morphological features on solid bodies in the Solar System. <br/><br/> The formation of a (hypervelocity) impact crater involves extreme conditions that cannot be compared with any other natural geological process, with extreme pressures and temperatures causing melting and/or vaporization of both projectile and portions of the target rocks. Upon impact, shock waves are generated at the projectile-target interface, which pass through the target rocks at supersonic velocity. The passage of the shock waves induce irreversible changes, so called shock metamorphic effects in the target rocks, including the formation of high pressure mineral polymorphs, diaplectic glasses, and microdeformation features in minerals. The most investigated of these microstructures are planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz. These are straight, parallel, closely spaced (2-10 µm apart), sets of (when fresh) glass lamellae only naturally formed by impact cratering. PDFs are oriented parallel to specific crystallographic planes, with the most frequently reported orientations being parallel to low Miller-Bravais index planes (e.g., {10‾13}, {10‾12}). The orientation pattern of a PDF population differ depending on the pressure that the host quartz grain was subjected to, meaning that the orientations of PDFs can be used as a shock barometer, allowing e.g., production of shock barometry profiles that illustrate shock attenuation at impact structures. <br/><br/>The research presented in this thesis focuses on impact craters, and the process by which they form, impact cratering, with special emphasis on shock metamorphic features in target rocks at the Siljan impact structure (Sweden). The results and discussion highlight the importance of the way datasets of PDF statistics are obtained and processed, using manual and/or automated methods of indexing. The interpretation of the dataset can influence the shock barometry models, and the need for a unified method is discussed. <br/><br/>With regards to the Siljan impact structure, the pre-erosional rim-to-rim diameter of the crater was estimated to be on the order of 60 km, based on a combination of shock barometry and numerical simulation, produced by a collision between a ~5 km diameter projectile and Earth. Results of the numerical modeling are consistent with a sedimentary thickness overlying the crystalline basement at the time of impact of ~2.5 km, and post-impact erosion of the crater on the order of 3 to 3.5 km.<br/><br/>The thesis also encompasses studies of two other, newly confirmed, Swedish impact structures, Målingen and Hummeln. The possible means of formation for both Målingen and Hummeln had been discussed for many years before the first bona fide evidence for the impact origin of the two structures was presented in papers included in this thesis.<br/><br/>Furthermore, terrestrial impact structures with reliable ages (i.e., errors on age of less than 2 %) are discussed in the context of possible variations in the impactor flux to Earth over time. According to the results, there is presently no evidence for the existence of a periodic contribution to the terrestrial impact population.<br/> Svensk sammanfattning<br/>Efter mer än 50 år av utforskande av rymden och studier av ett växande antal kända nedslagskratrar på jorden så har bildandet av nedslagskratrar utvecklats från att anses vara en sällsynt geologisk företeelse till en fundamental del av jordens, och solsystemets, historia.<br/><br/>I dag vet vi att nedslagskratrar är en av de vanligaste landformerna på himlakroppar i inre solsystemet, samt på de flesta av gasplaneternas månar och de isiga kropparna i Kuiperbältet. På jorden förstörs nedslagskratrar av destruktiva processer så som plattektonik och erosion, eller döljs av yngre sediment, vegetation eller vattenmassor. Men faktum är att vår jord och de andra kropparna i inre solsystemet till och med bildades genom upprepade kollisioner mellan små partiklar. Dessa växte sig större och större under solsystemets tidiga historia för att bilda protoplaneter. Vår måne bildades sedan genom en enorm kollision mellan den tidiga jorden och en himlakropp stor som planeten Mars. Efter de första dramatiska hundratals miljoner åren i jordens historia som präglades av frekventa kollisioner med andra himlakroppar så stabiliserades inflödet av kraterbildande kroppar till jorden och mer konventionella geologiska processer så som bergskedjeveckning och vulkanism tog över som dominerande landformsbildare. Det här betyder dock inte att nedslagsprocessen har avstannat, den är högst aktiv, något som till exempel kan illustreras av kollisionen mellan kometen Shoemaker-Levy och Jupiter 1994, och den kommer att fortsätta att vara det i framtiden.<br/><br/>Bildandet av en nedslagskrater innefattar extremt höga tryck och temperaturer som inte kan uppnås under någon annan geologisk process, och som inte heller till fullo kan återskapas i experiment. Det här kan illustreras av den enorma förödelsen som nedslaget i slutet på kritperioden resulterade i, då bland annat dinosaurierna dog ut. Eftersom en kollision mellan jorden och en annan himlakropp stor nog att bilda en stor nedslagskrater aldrig någonsin har bevittnats av människan, är vi beroende av studier av kända nedslagskratrar för att förstå den här betydelsefulla, och grundläggande, processen.<br/><br/>Forskningsresultaten som presenteras i den här avhandlingen kretsar kring nedslagskratrar och de processer som råder vid bildandet av dessa strukturer. Genom fältobservationer, mikroskopstudier och numerisk modellering så har Europas största nedslagsstruktur Siljan, belägen i Dalarna, undersökts. I dag är Siljanstrukturen djupt eroderad efter att ha varit exponerad på jordytan under årmiljoner. Trots detta så finns mineralogiska strukturer bevarade i berggrunden i området som vittnar om de extremt höga tryck och temperaturer som rådde när kratern bildades. I avhandlingen undersöks så kallad chockad kvarts för att karakterisera dess utbredning och bestämma de chocktryck som målberggrunden i Siljan utsattes för vid nedslaget. Med hjälp av de uppskattade chocktrycken och numerisk modellering så har vi kunnat rekonstruera den ursprungliga nedslagskratern och bland annat bestämt dess storlek till 60 km i diameter, samt att den bildades av en projektil som var ungefär 5 km i diameter. Vi bedömer också med hjälp av resultaten, att den kristallina berggrunden i nuvarande Siljansområdet vid tidpunkten för nedslaget överlagrades av ungefär 2,5 kilometer sediment, samt att det idag saknas ca. tre kilometer av strukturen på grund av erosion. I avhandlingen presenteras också bevis, i form av chockad kvarts funnen i målberggrund, för att strukturerna Målingen (Jämtland) och Hummeln (Småland) är bildade genom nedslag.<br/><br/>Vidare diskuteras även observationer och problem associerade med inmätningar och presentation av chockad kvartsdata. Dataseten är viktiga både för identifiering av nedslagskratrar samt för bestämning av chocktryck.<br/><br/>Dessutom presenteras också en artikel som diskuterar större frågeställningar rörande inflödet av kraterformande kroppar till jorden under de senaste 500 miljoner åren. Genom analys av väldaterade nedslagskratrar kan vi dra slutsatsen att det i dagsläget saknas bevis för en cyklisk eller periodisk influens i inflödet av projektiler till jorden.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/53b29a6e-7465-4737-81c9-a998007c9d47 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16113587/Thesis_Alwmark_PDF.pdf application/pdf 50818700 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Lithosphere and Biosphere Science 2016 eng Impact cratering Impact structure Shock metamorphism Shock barometry Quartz Planar deformation features Siljan Målingen Hummeln Natural Sciences 1651-6648 978-91-87847-28-8 978-91-87847-29-5 28 138 2016-12-02T09:15:00+01:00 53b29a6e-7465-4737-81c9-a998007c9d47 2016-10-27T12:53:30+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-27T12:53:30+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:729572c0-177e-4bcf-a9a9-ade44e049c79 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Physicum, Rydberg Lecture Hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 David Winge author c0387896-5e44-4a25-b109-a862b7676a11 Andreas Wacker supervisor a7694a6a-5d2f-48f5-a12a-1b280de52d24 Peter Samuelsson supervisor 18de082f-cc8a-444d-8b69-672be7efc9db Professor Jacob B. Khurgin opponent Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA Mathematical Physics v1000630 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department This thesis adresses modeling of quantum cascade lasers using non-equilibrium Green’s functions. Focus lies on the quantitative modeling of the gain when the systems are exposed to strong laser fields, as under realistic opertional conditions. In the first part, an introduction to the general concepts is provided, together with a discussion on approximate analytic expressions. The second part consists of the six papers listed below. <br/>Paper I analyzes the temperature dependence of the gain and current of a terahertz quantum cascade laser.<br/>Paper II provides details of the implementiation of the non-equilibriun Green’s function formalism for simulations of transport in quantum cascade lasers.<br/>Paper III demonstrates a microscopic approach to simulate the second harmonic generation of a mid-IR quantum cascade laser. <br/>Paper IV documents the implementation of a rudimentary form of the GW-approximation for the electron-electron scattering self-energy.<br/>Paper V analyzes a proposed gain mechanism in superlattices, and presents an optimized structure plausible for laser operation.<br/>Paper VI shows simulation results of 16 samples from 5 different laboratories. From this systematic study, trends with repspect to the growth place are identified.<br/> Ljus består av elektromagnetiska vågor som pulserar genom universum med olika frekvenser. Vanligt ljus, som det som kommer från solen och från våra lampor, innehåller ett spektrum av många olika frekvenser. De olika vågornas toppar och dalar svänger inte heller i takt, utan är förskjutna i förhållande till varandra. I laserljus däremot, svänger alla vågor samtidigt upp och ner och med samma frekvens. Vanligt ljus kan liknas vid de kaosartade applåderna efter ett bejublat framträdande, medan laserljuset är det taktfasta klappandet för att få till ett extranummer. <br/>Användningsområdena för laserteknik blir hela tiden fler och fler, och idag finns lasern både i dvd-spelaren, i metallindustrin och på ögonklinken. <br/>Våra ögon har förmågan att uppfatta en viss del av ljusets spektrum, från de djuprödaste färgerna till de violetta nyanserna. Andra arter är mer receptiva; näsgropsormen kan uppfatta infraröda signaler och tornfalken kan upptäcka ultravioletta reflektioner från gnagares urin på marken. <br/>Idag kan vi producera laserljus i många frekvensområden, men ännu inte i hela det elektro-magnetiska spektrumet. En illustration av detta kan ses i kappan till denna avhandling, i figur 1.1. Ett utvecklingsområde är ett frekvensområde som kallas Terahertz (THz), som ligger en bit nedanför det infraröda som näsgropsormen kan uppfatta. En laser i detta frekvensområde kan användas för att leta syre i rymden, scanna väskor och kläder efter vapen och för ultrasnabb spektroskopi. <br/>Här sker nu en snabb utveckling tack vare kvantkaskadlasern, som är central i denna avhandling. Denna laser består inte utav en gas av atomer eller molekyler, utan av ett solitt system av legereringar. Materialen som används liknar de som används vid tillverkning av LED-lampor och solceller, som genererar eller samlar vanligt ljus.<br/>Precis som i LED-lampan, så är principen att elektrisk energi i form av en ström omvandlas till ljus. Kvantkaskadlasern producerar dock laserljus i THz-området, medan LED-tekniken är konstruerad för vanligt ljus i det synliga området.<br/>I Figur 1.10 i kappan, visas en bild av en klyvfrukt från en lönn, tagen med en THz laser vid Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <br/>Andra system har också använts av konservatörer tilsammans med fysiker vid Statens Museum for Kunst i Köpenhamn, för att analysera målningar som är gömda under flera lager av färg. För att kunna göra dessa applikationer mer tillgängliga, och möjliggöra nya, så hoppas man kunna producera en laser i detta frekvensområde som kan fungera vid rumstemperatur. De som finns idag klarar inte detta krav utan måste kylas ned, till exempel med flytande kväve. För att förstå och förbättra dem, krävs en detaljerad förståelse av de mikroskopiska processer som kvantkaskadlasern bygger på.<br/>De elektroner som driver kvantkaskadlasern rör sig i strukturer på nanometer-skalan, och deras rörelse styrs därför av kvantmekaniska lagar. Istället för att se dem som partiklar måste vi behandla dem som vågor, utan en bestämd plats i rummet.<br/>Denna avhandling visar på hur vi med hjälp av kvantmekaniska simuleringar kan beskriva i detalj hur elektronerna i de <br/>nanometer-stora systemen beter sig och hur de samverkar med ljusvågorna<br/>i strukturerna. <br/>Vi undersöker hur övertoner av ljus uppstår i starka laserfält, hur THz-lasrar påverkas av temperetur och hur elektronerna sprids efter kollisioner. Vi utvärderar alternativa idéer i THz-området, och vi jämför slutligen våra beräkningar med experiment från flera världsledande laboratorier. Vår slutsats är att vår modell kvantitativt kan beskriva den kvantmekanska verkligheten i dessa mikroscopiska strukturer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/729572c0-177e-4bcf-a9a9-ade44e049c79 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16302081/dw_lucris.pdf application/pdf 3535256 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Mathematical Physics 2016-11 eng non-linear response quantum cascade lasers modelling Non-equilibrium Green's functions Gain clamping Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Winge kvantkaskadlaser terahertz infrarött Halvledarfysik spektroskopi simulering Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7753-046-6 978-91-7753-047-3 162 2016-11-25T13:15:00+01:00 729572c0-177e-4bcf-a9a9-ade44e049c79 2016-10-27T13:28:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-27T13:28:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:62266522-158e-406c-a138-e9d52d6d2433 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC Aula, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Mia Abels author 8b374e18-6aa4-45e2-8f10-5f7ba4d5143b Nils Wierup supervisor bd00a083-1e3c-4eaa-a545-de4bffe85e7c Hindrik Mulder supervisor 4eb8cf85-53d4-4dd4-b629-e3ed170ef726 professor Patrik Rorsman opponent University of Oxford, United Kingdom and University of Gothenburg, Sweden Neuroendocrine Cell Biology v1000498 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Neuroendocrine Cell Biology research group Diminished insulin secretion and dysregulated glucagon secretion are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The overall aim of this thesis was to study the role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in islet cell function and how CART regulates glucose homeostasis. We found that CART is expressed in human islet cells and that its expression is increased in patients with T2D, as well as in mouse models of T2D. Rat islet CART expression was regulated by glucose and beta cell CART expression was normalised by insulin treatment in diabetic rats. Furthermore, CART increased insulin secretion from both mouse and human islets in a glucose-dependent fashion. This could partly be explained by increased beta cell exocytosis, altered intracellular Ca²⁺ oscillation pattern as well as improved synchronisation of Ca²⁺ oscillations between islet cells. Importantly, CART increased insulin secretion and glucose elimination <i>in vivo</i> in mice. We also showed that CART decreased glucagon secretion in mouse and human islets, as well as <i>in vivo</i> in mice, and that CART reduced exocytosis in alpha cells. To mimic the situation in patients, with increased beta cell CART expression, we generated transgenic mice with beta cell-specific CART overexpression (CARTtg) and studied the impact of increased beta cell CART expression on glucose homeostasis <i>in vivo</i>. Under basal conditions, CARTtg mice were normoglycaemic and normoinsulinemic, but when challenged by streptozotocin treatment or a high fat diet, and in ageing, CARTtg mice displayed increased insulin secretion compared with wild-type littermates. This was accompanied by improved glucose elimination in streptozotocin-treated and aged mice, but not in high fat diet-fed mice, which instead displayed mild insulin resistance. Moreover, viral overexpression of CART in INS-1 (832/13) cells increased insulin secretion. Finally, we found that adipocytes from CARTtg mice had altered metabolism, suggesting that CART may be a mediator of cross-talk between beta cells and adipose tissue. Collectively, our data imply that CART has an important role in beta cell function and in regulation of glucose homeostasis. Hence, the potential for CART-based therapies in T2D should be evaluated. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/62266522-158e-406c-a138-e9d52d6d2433 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16162896/Mia_Abels_webb_kappa_.pdf application/pdf 8267234 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript CART Diabetes T2D Human islets Glucagon Insulin Adipocyte Endocrinology and Diabetes 978-91-7619-357-0 85 2016-11-18T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:131 62266522-158e-406c-a138-e9d52d6d2433 2016-10-28T10:55:52+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-10-28T10:55:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:53fca607-e6f6-42c0-bcbc-207961f70bea 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Lorenzo Grassi author 60a050a4-8557-479b-b842-74ecd1827869 Hanna Isaksson supervisor 854a6054-1fbb-4a5f-a9a6-4d9e36f5204b Matti Ristinmaa supervisor b0191764-5f7a-4e94-81e2-332ac77fc9f4 Professor Mark Taylor opponent Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Division for Biomedical Engineering v1000202 department Femoral strength prediction using finite element models project Osteoporosis is defined as low bone density, and results in a markedly increased risk of skeletal fractures. It has been estimated that about 40% of all women above 50 years old will suffer from an osteoporotic fracture leading to hospitalization. Current osteoporosis diagnostics is largely based on statistical tools, using epidemiological parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, DXA-based BMD proved to be only a moderate predictor of bone strength. Therefore, novel methods that take into account all mechanical characteristics of the bone and their influence on bone resistance to fracture are advocated. Finite element (FE) models may improve the bone strength prediction accuracy, since they can account for the structural determinants of bone strength, and the variety of external loads acting on the bones during daily life. <br/> Several studies have proved that FE models can perform better than BMD as a bone strength predictor. However, these FE models are built from Computed Tomography (CT) datasets, as the 3D bone geometry is required, and take several hours of work by an experienced engineer. Moreover, the radiation dose for the patient is higher for CT than for DXA scan. All these factors contributed to the low impact that FE-based methods have had on the current clinical practice so far.<br/> This thesis work aimed at developing accurate and thoroughly validated FE models to enable a more accurate prediction of femoral strength. An accurate estimation of femoral strength could be used as one of the main determinant of a patient’s fracture risk during population screening.<br/> In the first part of the thesis, the ex vivo mechanical tests performed on cadaver human femurs are presented. Digital image correlation (DIC), an optical method that allows for a full-field measurement of the displacements over the femur surface, was used to retrieve strains during the test. Then, a subject-specific FE modelling technique able to predict the deformation state and the overall strength of human femurs is presented. The FE models were based on clinical images from 3D CT datasets, and were validated against the measurements collected during the ex vivo mechanical tests. Both the experimental setup with DIC and the FE modelling procedure have been initially tested using composite bones (only the FE part of the composite bone study is presented in this thesis). After that, the method was extended to human cadaver bones. Once validated against experimental strain measurements, the FE modelling procedure could be used to predict bone strength.<br/> In the last part of the thesis, the predictive ability of FE models based on the shape and BMD distribution reconstructed from a single DXA image using a statistical shape and appearance model (SSAM, developed outside this thesis) was assessed. The predictions were compared to the experimental measurements, and the obtained accuracy compared to that of CT-based FE models. The results obtained were encouraging. The CT-based FE models were able to predict the deformation state with very good accuracy when compared to thousands of full-field measurements from DIC (normalized root mean square error, NRMSE, below 11%), and, most importantly, could predict the femoral strength with an error below 2%. The performances of SSAM-based FE models were also promising, showing only a slight reduction of the performances when compared to the CT-based approach (NRMSE below 20% for the strain prediction, average strength prediction error of 12%), but with the significant advantage of the models being built from one single conventional DXA image.<br/> In conclusion, the concept of a new, accurate and semi-automatic FE modelling procedure aimed at predicting fracture risk on individuals was developed. The performances of CT-based and SSAM-based models were thoroughly compared, and the results support the future translation of SSAM-based FE model built from a single DXA image into the clinics. The developed tool could therefore allow to include a mechanistic information into the fracture risk screening, which may ultimately lead to an increased accuracy in the identification of the subjects at risk.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/53fca607-e6f6-42c0-bcbc-207961f70bea https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16296324/Grassi_PhD_thesis.pdf application/pdf 26965957 no LTH Tryckeriet E-huset 2016-11-01 eng bone strength, femur, osteoporosis, statistical appearance model, finite element, mechanical test Other Mechanical Engineering Other Medical Engineering 978-91-7753-030-5 978-91-7753-031-2 10.13140/RG.2.2.26512.00000 http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26512.00000 171 2016-11-25T09:15:00+01:00 53fca607-e6f6-42c0-bcbc-207961f70bea 2016-10-31T08:35:18+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-31T08:35:18+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f01b51c7-d2a6-4617-b51a-171c7185ba9b 2025-10-21T11:04:25Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC, Aula, Ingång 72, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Joana Alves Dias author b5486029-ed64-4294-a636-ef1a31f30613 Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson supervisor 4289e399-a9e7-4af1-9ecc-a26d02923e85 Elisabet Wirfält supervisor 00139230-3cb4-4a95-aeb8-3762e6b8d40e Jan Nilsson supervisor 9c3d6410-b978-4aaf-b2ad-bf1cd4070602 Ulrika Ericson supervisor 4b0abbcb-d874-40fd-9ed1-316d2e19ae16 Isabel Drake supervisor a2dd5cd3-1e02-46a2-bd82-f58bfbf583ab Associate Professor Bethany van Guelpen opponent Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health v1001239 department Nutrition Epidemiology v1000522 department Nutrition Epidemiology research group Diet-breast cancer studies have shown that “healthy eating patterns” are associated with decreased risk whereas unhealthy patterns (especially those including alcohol) are associated with increased risk, particularly in postmenopausal women. The potential mechanisms behind the observed associations are still under investigation. A great deal of evidence supports the major role of lifelong overexposure to sex hormones in the induction and progression of breast cancer, especially after menopause. However, this alone cannot fully explain the variation of breast cancer incidence across populations, and we hypothesize that an inflammatory environment, promoted by a Western lifestyle, may also play an important role. It is accepted that inflammation is an important feature in cancer development and progression, but also that cancer induces inflammatory processes.<br/>This thesis aimed to investigate the role of diet in the development of postmenopausal breast cancer, with a special interest in low-grade inflammation as a possible pathway. A population-based cohort, the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study, consisting of 28,098 participants was used. The baseline examinations, that took place between 1991 and 1996, included blood sampling, anthropometric measurements and the detailed collection of dietary data.<br/>In study I, we inspected the reliability of several biomarkers of inflammation, examining a random sample of 95 people (46 women and 49 men) recruited from the MDC cohort. Six blood samples were taken at different occasions during a 6-week period in 2010-2011 (in fasting and non-fasting states). Intraclass correlation coefficients for the biomarkers were estimated. In study II, the association between diet quality and several inflammatory biomarkers was examined. A group of 667 individuals from the MDC-cardiovascular arm were randomly selected, and baseline data on diet and biomarkers of inflammation were investigated. Studies III and IV used a nested-case control design with 446 breast cancer cases and 910 matched controls. In study III, we analyzed the breast cancer risk associated with specific biomarkers and the possible role of obesity in this association. Finally, the association between dietary patterns derived to explain the variation of certain inflammation markers and breast cancer was explored in study IV.<br/>Our findings indicated a high reliability for the biomarkers of inflammation. Lower concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation were associated with higher diet quality, as assessed by overall adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations. We found three inflammation markers (ox-LDL, IL-1β and TNF-α) to be associated with breast cancer independent of obesity, but with diverging directions. We did not find evidence for inflammation-driven dietary patterns to be associated with breast cancer risk.<br/>In conclusion, an overall higher diet quality pattern was associated with lower inflammation. However, inflammation did not seem to explain possible associations between diet and postmenopausal breast cancer, as the dietary patterns identified to explain the variation in biomarkers of inflammation did not associate with breast cancer.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f01b51c7-d2a6-4617-b51a-171c7185ba9b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20810068/Kappan_JAD.pdf application/pdf 2054054 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Oxidative stress low-grade inflammation Biomarkers of inflammation cytokines ICC variation diet dietary recommendations diet quality index food patterns reduced rank regression obesity CVD postmenopausal breast cancer epidemiology cross sectional nested case-control Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-406-5 160 2017-02-10T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:25 f01b51c7-d2a6-4617-b51a-171c7185ba9b 2017-02-01T17:08:38+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:25Z 2017-02-01T17:08:38+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c9e0ecd7-e4a8-48ef-b5d5-a7833f00f7bc 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Ravi K. V. Bhongir author 2141e92d-f682-4512-9549-e84f37c3b7f9 Arne Egesten supervisor 029aa462-4cf4-48ea-9ad9-8e65589f940f Heiko Herwald supervisor ed40c7fe-0895-40d5-9443-59ddb9966ba1 Praveen Papareddy supervisor 1b2c9f32-ab45-4412-abdd-5ef5531b2a86 Docent Constantin Urban opponent Umeå University, Sweden Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine v1000434 department Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) are characterized by dysregulated inflammation of the airways. The increased influx of immune cells and the accumulation of cytokines lead to cell death, tissue destruction and impaired pulmonary function. Intracellular proteins like histones and granule proteins of neutrophils, DNA fibers act as Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), further promoting tissue damage. As a result, the lungs of such patients are at an increased risk of infection due to impaired host defense functions. <br/>During inflammation, there is an increased expression of osteopontin (OPN), a highly anionic phosphoglycoprotein, in the airways and it is involved in cell recruitment, tissue remodeling, and repair. In this thesis we show that OPN can interact with many cationic proteins and peptides present in the extracellular milieu of the inflamed airways. In the first paper included in this thesis we show that OPN bound to extracellular histones have protective function against DAMPs-induced inflammation. In the second paper, we show that OPN binds to several common innate antibiotics and abrogate their antimicrobial activities. Taken together, these data suggest that OPN can modulate the host immune functions, thereby increasing the susceptibility of the patients with airway inflammatory diseases to acquire infections.<br/>Use of anti-inflammatory drugs like roflumilast is a common treatment strategy in COPD to ameliorate severe exacerbations. In the third paper we highlight the adverse effects of roflumilast, in a murine acute airway infection model. The findings suggest that use of this drug can impair host defense functions of immune cells, thereby increasing the susceptibility of COPD patients to bacterial pathogens. <br/>DNase I is used to clear the airways of CF patients from highly viscous, high molecular weight eDNA rich sputum. In the fourth paper of this thesis, we elucidated the molecular aspects of the fragmented DNA that are important to exhibit antimicrobial properties against the common CF lung pathogen, i.e. P. aeruginosa. The findings highlight a novel aspect of host defense that could be employed treating bacteria resistant against conventional antibiotics.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c9e0ecd7-e4a8-48ef-b5d5-a7833f00f7bc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20812104/On_Dysregulated_Inflammation_and_Airway_Host_Defense.pdf application/pdf 6770012 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Aiway inflammation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNase I Immunology Respiratory Medicine and Allergy 978-91-7619-404-1 46 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20765112/On_Dysregulated_Inflammation_and_Airway_Host_Defense.pdf application/pdf 2017-02-24T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:23 c9e0ecd7-e4a8-48ef-b5d5-a7833f00f7bc 2017-02-01T21:14:53+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-02-01T21:14:53+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:71177bdd-ad89-45a8-99eb-e1bf6518ec4a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall K:C at Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, Lund 1 Janne Väänänen author 9a17c61f-be89-4f89-9aac-6e9afb0b0ab1 Jes La Cour Jansen supervisor 3951530c-095d-4c30-a383-b6cbd273bde4 Michael Cimbritz supervisor c7e0ab11-2bb8-4691-a243-34219966d018 Karin Jönsson supervisor e7cd5416-7498-4b07-b192-c57c2fb5e587 Carles Pellicer-Nacher supervisor Dr Arjen van Nieuwenhuijzen opponent Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers, Deventer, the Netherlands Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department Municipal wastewater treatment plants are constantly forced to make improvements. The main objectives are to reduce energy consumption, to increase the treatment capacity and to improve the effluent water quality. Microsieves in combination with chemical pretreatment can potentially fulfil these objectives. In this work, experiments were mainly conducted at the large pilot scale, and supplementary experiments were conducted at the laboratory scale to establish criteria for chemically enhanced primary and tertiary treatment and microsieving. Full-scale follow-up experiments were also conducted at the first treatment plant in Scandinavia, utilizing coagulation/flocculation and disc filtration in advanced tertiary treatment. Microsieves constructed as disc or drum filters showed removal efficiencies for primary treatment in the range of 30-60% with sieve pore sizes of 30-100 µm without chemical pretreatment. By dosing with cationic polymers, a suspended solids removal &gt; 80% was possible, and the effluent water quality generally contained approximately 20-50 mg SS/L; in addition, most of the particulate phosphorus and COD was also reduced. To further improve the removal to &gt; 95%, dosing of the coagulant is necessary; then, effluent containing &lt; 10 mg SS/L and 0.1-0.2 mg TP/L with mostly dissolved COD remaining was produced. Sieve pore sizes in the range of 30-100 µm had a minor influence on the removal with chemical pretreatment; however, the solids loading capacity differed. For chemically enhanced primary treatment and microsieving, common feedback PI automation with occasional support from the feed forward control can be used together with online turbidity measurements to control the removal of COD. A consistent effluent COD concentration could be maintained independent of the influent COD or flow variations. Phosphorus removal could be controlled by adjusting the coagulant dose in relation to the polymer dose. Pretreatment with chemically enhanced primary treatment and microsieving was also beneficial for the microfiltration of primary wastewater treatment. The effluent water quality from microfiltration was improved if pretreatment with polymer and coagulant prior to microsieving was conducted. Anionic polymers were the most applicable because they generated a high flux. During tertiary treatment, for the highest possible removal, a sieve with a pore size of 10 µm was needed. It is possible to consistently achieve &lt; 0.1 mg/L for the effluent phosphorus concentration, but careful design of the dispersion/coagulation and flocculation stages is important, and control of the operation is necessary. Polymer addition is crucial for chemically enhanced treatment and microsieving. Polyacrylamide based synthetic anionic or cationic polymers with a high molecular weight and low-medium charge were shown to be suitable for both primary and tertiary treatment. A general polymer dose of 1-5 and 0.5-1.5 mg polymer/L can be expected for primary and tertiary treatment, respectively. Alternative starch based biopolymers were also applicable, but the required dose was higher. Both iron and aluminium coagulants were applicable, but aluminium based coagulants were shown to be an overall a better choice. During primary treatment, the coagulant dose was variable, depending on the demand. During tertiary treatment, a molar ratio of 5-7 mol Me3+/mol influent TP was sufficient to fulfil the effluent criteria. This corresponded to a dosing of approximately 1-4 mg Al3+/L for the ordinary secondary effluents. Screening of chemicals and doses was performed in the laboratory with modified jar tests. Comparable treatment results were achieved in the laboratory, at the pilot scale and at the full scale; however, the laboratory experiments overestimated the solids loading capacity. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are constantly forced to make improvements. The main objectives are to reduce energy<br> consumption, to increase the treatment capacity and to improve the effluent water quality. Microsieves in combination with chemical<br> pretreatment can potentially fulfil these objectives. In this work, experiments were mainly conducted at the large pilot scale, and<br> supplementary experiments were conducted at the laboratory scale to establish criteria for chemically enhanced primary and tertiary<br> treatment and microsieving. Full-scale follow-up experiments were also conducted at the first treatment plant in Scandinavia, utilizing<br> coagulation/flocculation and disc filtration in advanced tertiary treatment. Microsieves constructed as disc or drum filters showed<br> removal efficiencies for primary treatment in the range of 30-60% with sieve pore sizes of 30-100 μm without chemical pretreatment.<br> By dosing with cationic polymers, a suspended solids removal &gt; 80% was possible, and the effluent water quality generally contained<br> approximately 20-50 mg SS/L; in addition, most of the particulate phosphorus and COD was also reduced. To further improve the<br> removal to &gt; 95%, dosing of the coagulant is necessary; then, effluent containing &lt; 10 mg SS/L and 0.1-0.2 mg TP/L with mostly<br> dissolved COD remaining was produced. Sieve pore sizes in the range of 30-100 μm had a minor influence on the removal with<br> chemical pretreatment; however, the solids loading capacity differed. For chemically enhanced primary treatment and microsieving,<br> common feedback PI automation with occasional support from the feed forward control can be used together with online turbidity<br> measurements to control the removal of COD. A consistent effluent COD concentration could be maintained independent of the<br> influent COD or flow variations. Phosphorus removal could be controlled by adjusting the coagulant dose in relation to the polymer<br> dose. Pretreatment with chemically enhanced primary treatment and microsieving was also beneficial for the microfiltration of<br> primary wastewater treatment. The effluent water quality from microfiltration was improved if pretreatment with polymer and<br> coagulant prior to microsieving was conducted. Anionic polymers were the most applicable because they generated a high flux.<br> During tertiary treatment, for the highest possible removal, a sieve with a pore size of 10 μm was needed. It is possible to consistently<br> achieve &lt; 0.1 mg/L for the effluent phosphorus concentration, but careful design of the dispersion/coagulation and flocculation stages<br> is important, and control of the operation is necessary. Polymer addition is crucial for chemically enhanced treatment and<br> microsieving. Polyacrylamide based synthetic anionic or cationic polymers with a high molecular weight and low-medium charge<br> were shown to be suitable for both primary and tertiary treatment. A general polymer dose of 1-5 and 0.5-1.5 mg polymer/L can be<br> expected for primary and tertiary treatment, respectively. Alternative starch based biopolymers were also applicable, but the required<br> dose was higher. Both iron and aluminium coagulants were applicable, but aluminium based coagulants were shown to be an overall a<br> better choice. During primary treatment, the coagulant dose was variable, depending on the demand. During tertiary treatment, a<br> molar ratio of 5-7 mol Me3+/mol influent TP was sufficient to fulfil the effluent criteria. This corresponded to a dosing of<br> approximately 1-4 mg Al3+/L for the ordinary secondary effluents. Screening of chemicals and doses was performed in the laboratory<br> with modified jar tests. Comparable treatment results were achieved in the laboratory, at the pilot scale and at the full scale; however,<br> the laboratory experiments overestimated the solids loading capacity. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/71177bdd-ad89-45a8-99eb-e1bf6518ec4a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20814751/Thesis_Janne_V_n_nen_v2.pdf application/pdf 5447246 no Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2017-02-02 eng coagulation wastewater treatment flocculation microsieving control primary treatment tertiary treatment coagulation control flocculation microsieving municipal wastewater treatment primary treatment tertiary treatment Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-500-6 978-91-7422-501-3 78 2017-03-10T09:15:00+01:00 71177bdd-ad89-45a8-99eb-e1bf6518ec4a 2017-02-02T14:09:26+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-02T14:09:26+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d8aa3a22-88a0-4e20-9153-094bec505497 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Aron Berg author fcab724a-9a3b-443f-9d7c-15e77dce0741 Frederik Lundtofte supervisor 53c7b3b1-cb1b-4cc4-9fa0-225b86d4298a Lars Persson supervisor Professor Helder Vasconcelos opponent University of Porto Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis covers issues related to financing in mergers and acquisitions. It studies the relationship between firms’ financing conditions and firms’ decisions to either buy or sell assets.<br/>The first paper, "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions with financially constrained owners", studies the effects of costly external financing in international asset sales. We propose a cross-border merger model with home biased financially constrained owners in which the subsequent investments of the buyer and seller can be determined. We show that governmental policies blocking foreign acquisitions to protect the domestic industry can be counterproductive and propose “financial efficiency" defense in merger law.<br/>In the second paper, "Misvaluation and financial constraints: method of payment and buyer identity in mergers and acquisitions", I study how stock price misvaluation and financial frictions affect whether an acquisition occurs between or within industries and whether the acquirer pays in cash or stocks. I set up a model where stock market misvaluation correlates within industries and across industries and assume that managers’ have private information regarding their own firm and firms similar to it. The model yields predictions regarding which firm acquires which firm and the method of payment used in transactions. <br/>The third paper, "Misvaluation and merger activity", investigates how merger activity varies over time and sectors of the economy. Using data on mergers between publicly traded US firms, I study the role of stock overvaluation on merger activity. I focus on how overvaluation affects mergers occurring within sectors differently from those occurring between sectors and how the effect differs between cash- and stock-financed mergers. The results suggest that marketwide misvaluation does not drive overall merger activity, but that sector-level overvaluation increases the probability that firms conduct stock-financed acquisitions of firms in other sectors. The results indicate that overvaluation affects stock-financed merger activity only if it increases the overvaluation of some firms relative to the overvaluation of other firms. An analysis of the acquisition decisions of individual firms support this interpretation.<br/> This thesis covers issues related to financing in mergers and acquisitions. It studies the relationship between firms’ financing conditions and firms’ decisions to either buy or sell assets.<br/>The first paper, Cross-border mergers and acquisitions with financially constrained owners, studies the effects of costly external financing in international asset sales. We propose a cross-border merger model with home biased financially constrained owners in which the subsequent investments of the buyer and seller can be determined. We show that governmental policies blocking foreign acquisitions to protect the domestic industry can be counterproductive and propose “financial efficiency" defense in merger law.<br/>In the second paper, Misvaluation and financial constraints: method of payment and buyer identity in mergers and acquisitions, I study how stock price misvaluation and financial frictions affect whether an acquisition occurs between or within industries and whether the acquirer pays in cash or stocks. I set up a model where stock market misvaluation correlates within industries and across industries and assume that managers’ have private information regarding their own firm and firms similar to it. The model yields predictions regarding which firm acquires which firm and the method of payment used in transactions. <br/>The third paper, Misvaluation and merger activity, investigates how merger activity varies over time and sectors of the economy. Using data on mergers between publicly traded US firms, I study the role of stock overvaluation on merger activity. I focus on how overvaluation affects mergers occurring within sectors differently from those occurring between sectors and how the effect differs between cash- and stock-financed mergers. The results suggest that marketwide misvaluation does not drive overall merger activity, but that sector-level overvaluation increases the probability that firms conduct stock-financed acquisitions of firms in other sectors. The results indicate that overvaluation affects stock-financed merger activity only if it increases the overvaluation of some firms relative to the overvaluation of other firms. An analysis of the acquisition decisions of individual firms support this interpretation.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d8aa3a22-88a0-4e20-9153-094bec505497 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20065392/Essays_on_Informational_Asymmetries_in_Mergers_and_Acquisitions.pdf application/pdf 1105685 no Lund University 2017-01-12 eng Mergers and acquisitions; investments; asymmetric information; stock misvaluation; financial frictions; capital structure; antitrust policy Mergers and acquisitions Investments Asymmetric information Stock misvaluation Financial frictions Capital structure Antitrust policy Economics 0460-0029 9879177531593 9789177531609 202 155 2017-02-17T14:15:00+01:00 d8aa3a22-88a0-4e20-9153-094bec505497 2017-01-20T11:38:17+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-20T11:38:17+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cfe4f04a-6625-4a2f-845e-fdab130a209d 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published H 01, Health Sciences Centre, Lund 1 Jenny Hultqvist author 8250002e-5120-4d65-a209-fb382f440cea Mona Eklund supervisor 4440be5f-5eef-4cba-b635-5a67192eaeed Carina Tjörnstrand supervisor 8b529378-785d-4e1b-8123-93d6ae8b5e00 Urban Markström supervisor Research Professor Kristian Wahlbeck opponent THL - National Institute for Health and Welfare Unit for Mental Health Mental Health, Activity and Participation v1000413 department Sustainable occupations and health in a life course perspective v1000414 department Mental Health, Activity and Participation research group Sustainable occupations and health in a life course perspective research group The thesis aims to compare two approaches to psychosocial rehabilitation – day centres and clubhouses – and to explore if either appears better suited to support people in mental health recovery. The recovery focus is on opportunities for engaging in meaningful daily occupations, accessibility to social interaction and factors pertaining to perceived health and well-being. The thesis consists of four quantitative studies based on self-report questionnaires administered to users of day centres (DC) and clubhouses. Study I showed that there was an association between occupational engagement and motivation to attend the DC/clubhouse in the study group as a whole. Albeit that there were few differences between DC and clubhouses regarding the studied factors, the clubhouses appeared to be somewhat more beneficial in terms of users’ opportunities for choice and decision-making in the programme. Furthermore, the clubhouses also appeared somewhat more beneficial for stimulating socialization among the participants. The results from Study II showed that the clubhouse group had larger social networks and more often someone they would nominate as a close friend compared to the DC group. Moreover, the results of Study II showed that a high level of self-esteem and having seen a friend recently were strong predictors of belonging to the group with a larger network in a cross-sectional perspective (baseline). Strong indicators of belonging to the group with a larger social network at follow-up were being a woman and attending a clubhouse programme, and also having scored high on social network at baseline. The result from Study III showed that, in the total sample, subjective quality of life (SQOL) at follow-up was associated with baseline self-esteem, social network, satisfaction with daily occupations and the SQOL at baseline. The strongest indicator for belonging to the group with the highest scores on SQOL at follow-up was attending a clubhouse, indicating that attending clubhouse programmes is beneficial for SQOL in the long term. The relationships between various subjective perceptions of everyday occupations and recovery were explored in Study IV. Self-reward occupational value showed a bivariate relationship with recovery at both baseline and the follow-up. These results suggest that self-reward occupational value and recovery mutually influence each other. Although a number of bivariate associations were established between subjective perceptions of occupation and recovery, none of these became statistically significant in the regression analyses. The findings suggest the importance of providing valued and engaging occupations in clubhouses to maximize opportunities for recovery.<br/>The results of this thesis add to previous knowledge of DC services and clubhouses and discern some strengths of the Clubhouse Model. The results may be used when developing community-based mental health services.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cfe4f04a-6625-4a2f-845e-fdab130a209d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20187277/Jenny_Hultqvist_Kappa.pdf application/pdf 1269821 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng återhämtning arbetsterapi psykosocial rehabilitering kommunal psykiatri självkänsla Community Mental Health Services Recovery Occupational Therapy Psychosocial rehabilitation Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-408-9 65 2017-02-17T13:00:00+01:00 cfe4f04a-6625-4a2f-845e-fdab130a209d 2017-01-23T13:13:07+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-23T13:13:07+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5000ebb6-30fe-4613-a7a6-5f9621d2b99e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall F3 at Skåne University Hospital, Lund 1 André Ahlgren author 320852f1-fd4e-4ef7-ae42-92f40e97113b Linda Knutsson supervisor 6dee3a3b-3fa2-4209-9db3-f332174b1f9a Ronnie Wirestam supervisor 000e5e0d-2f64-4c5d-8969-08f2acc70ab9 Freddy Ståhlberg supervisor 48638ec7-e49d-4b23-90c5-405662b93250 Associate Professor Michael Chappell opponent IBME, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Medical Radiation Physics, Lund v1000468 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner is a remarkable medical imaging device, capable of producing detailed images of the inside of the body. In addition to imaging internal tissue structures, the scanner can also be used to measure various properties of the tissue. If a tissue property is measured in every image pixel, the resulting property image (the parameter map) can be displayed and used for medical interpretation — a concept referred to as ‘quantitative MRI’. Tissue properties that are commonly probed include traditional MR parameters such as T1, T2 and proton density, as well as functional parameters such as tissue perfusion, brain activation, diffusion and flow.<br/><br/>Quantitative MRI relies on the continuous development of new and improved ways to acquire data with the scanner (pulse sequences), to model and analyze the data (postprocessing), and to interpret the output from a medical perspective. This thesis describes methods that have been developed with the specific aim to improve certain quantitative MRI techniques. In particular, the work is focused on improved analysis of perfusion MRI data, and ways to handle the partial volume issue.<br/><br/>Constant delivery of oxygen and nutrients via the blood is vital for tissue viability. Perfusion MRI is designed to measure the properties of the local blood delivery, and perfusion images can be used as a marker for tissue health. Whereas rough estimates of perfusion properties can suffice in some cases, more accurate information can provide improved medical research and diagnostics. Most of the methods described in this work aim to provide tissue perfusion information with higher accuracy than previous approaches.<br/><br/>One particular way to improve perfusion information is to account for the so-called partial volume effect. This means that limited image resolution implies that a single pixel may contain signal from more than one type of tissue. In other words, the signal can be mixed, and the calculated perfusion represents a mixture of the underlying perfusion of the different tissue types. By first using another quantitative MRI method that estimates the partial volume of each tissue type in every pixel (referred to as partial volume mapping), the partial volume effect can be corrected for by so-called partial volume correction.<br/><br/>Partial volume mapping also relates to the field of MRI segmentation, that is, methods to segment an image into different tissue types and anatomical regions. This work also explores and expands a new partial volume mapping and segmentation method, referred to as fractional signal modeling, which seems to be exceptionally versatile and robust, as well as simple to implement and use. A general framework is laid out, with the hope of inspiring more researchers to adapt it and assess its value in different applications.<br/><br/>In conclusion, this work improved the quantification in different perfusion MRI methods, as well as presented a new partial volume mapping method. The described methods will hopefully yield value in medical applications in the future. Magnetkameran är en fantastisk medicinsk bildutrustning som kan producera detaljerade bilder av insidan av kroppen. Förutom bilder av vävnaden och dess struktur så kan magnetkameran också användas till att mäta olika egenskaper hos vävnaden. Om en vävnadsegenskap mäts i varje bildpixel så kan den resulterande bilden (parameterkartan) visas och användas för medicinsk bedömning, vilket kallas för kvantitativ magnetresonansavbildning (kvantitativ MRI). Vävnadsegenskaper som vanligtvis mäts inkluderar traditionella MR-parametrar såsom T1, T2 och protontäthet (PD), men även funktionella parametrar såsom vävnadsperfusion, hjärnaktivitet, diffusion och flöde.<br/><br/>Kvantitativ MRI kräver kontinuerlig utveckling av nya och förbättrade metoder för<br/>insamling av data (pulssekvenser), för modellering och bearbetning av data, och för att tolka resultaten ur ett medicinskt perspektiv. Denna avhandling beskriver nyutvecklade metoder, specifikt framtagna för att förbättra resultaten inom vissa kvantitativa MRI-tekniker. Mer specifikt så har arbetet fokuserat på förbättrad bearbetning av perfusions-MRI-data samt metoder för att hantera svårigheten med partiella volymer.<br/><br/>Konstant inflöde av syre och näring via blodet är avgörande för att vävnaden ska<br/>fungera. Perfusions-MRI är en teknik för att mäta det regionala inflödet av blod, och perfusionsbilderna kan användas för att utvärdera vävnadens hälsotillstånd. Även om ungefärliga perfusionsvärden kan vara tillräckligt i vissa fall, så kan mer korrekta värden öppna möjligheter för bättre medicinsk forskning och diagnostik. Därför var ett centralt syfte med detta avhandlingsarbete att utvärdera alternativa metoder som kan tillhandahålla mer korrekta perfusionsvärden.<br/><br/>Ett sätt att förbättra perfusionsmätningar är att korrigera för den så kallade partialvolymseffekten, det vill säga att begränsad bildupplösning medför att en bildpixel kan innehålla signal från flera olika vävnadstyper. Det betyder att signalen kan vara blandad, och det beräknade perfusionsvärdet motsvarar en blandning av den faktiska perfusionen för de olika vävnadstyperna. Genom att först använda en annan kvantitativ MRI-metod som mäter volymen av varje vävnadstyp i alla pixlar (kallas partialvolymsmätning), så kan partialvolymseffekten korrigeras genom så kallad partialvolymskorrigering.<br/><br/>Partialvolymsmätning relaterar även till så kallad MRI-segmentering, vilket betyder att dela upp en bild i olika vävnadstyper. I detta arbete utvärderades och expanderades även en ny metod för partialvolymsmätning och segmentering. Metoden visade sig vara mycket användbar och robust, och samtidigt enkel att använda. En generell beskrivning presenteras i denna avhandling, med förhoppningen att fler forskare ska kunna implementera och<br/>utvärdera metoden och undersöka dess potential i olika applikationer.<br/><br/>Sammanfattningsvis presenterar detta arbete förbättringar inom kvantitativ perfusionsMRI, liksom vidareutveckling av en ny metod för partialvolymsmätning. Metoderna<br/>kommer förhoppningsvis vara värdefulla för medicinska applikationer i framtiden. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5000ebb6-30fe-4613-a7a6-5f9621d2b99e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20188269/phd_thesis_andre_ahlgren_2017_nopapers.pdf application/pdf 7998366 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Radiation Physics 2017-01 eng Radiology and Medical Imaging 978-91-7753-098-5 978-91-7753-099-2 61 2017-02-17T09:00:00+01:00 5000ebb6-30fe-4613-a7a6-5f9621d2b99e 2017-01-23T13:32:05+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-23T13:32:05+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:34a6b7c4-e706-4d5b-99a6-e16895933e3a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:207 1 Sean Kenny author 7af4737c-4489-4fea-915b-6eae161bb126 Anders Ögren supervisor 593083b8-c1af-4eaa-b3d4-da07b372a583 Lars Jonung supervisor b0a0edfc-1e6f-4af2-a1ae-0f147a024756 Håkan Lobell supervisor 3a710324-2a4c-4e64-ad84-5c7868edcd55 Professor John Turner opponent Queens University, Belfast Department of Economic History v1000022 department This dissertation firstly produces new financial series on money and bank<br/>assets which are consistent with current definitions for the UK for the crisis<br/>rich period 1840-80 and new monetary aggregates for Ireland from pre<br/>famine to independence (1840-1921). By employing the new data, cyclical<br/>and seasonal analysis are conducted to shed light on the business cycles<br/>and financial crises of the period. Secondly, the dissertation explores the<br/>evolution of public debt in Ireland (1950-2015) by constructing a consistently<br/>defined fiscal series, analysing the debt ratio dynamics and reductions of the<br/>past and offering policy lessons for the present. The thesis finally contributes<br/>to the post crisis financial regulation debate by testing the use of private<br/>sector debt in macroprudential regulation (as outlined in Basel III) through<br/>conducting a regional analysis (Finland, Ireland, Sweden and the UK)<br/>covering the period 1986-2013. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/34a6b7c4-e706-4d5b-99a6-e16895933e3a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11669242/Money_and_Debt_Dissertation_.pdf application/pdf 1968811 no 2016-09-01 eng Money, Monetary Aggregates, Historical Monetary Series, Cycles, Crises, Debt, Public Debt Economic History 978-91-87793-26-4 215 2016-09-23T10:15:00+02:00 34a6b7c4-e706-4d5b-99a6-e16895933e3a 2016-09-01T11:29:04+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-01T11:29:04+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c8b10097-8417-473e-9473-708c952c80bc 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Anshelmsalen, Baravägen 1, Lund. 1 LIVIA AMBRUS author 1430f03f-70d7-4676-9338-4b32a41cc859 Åsa Westrin supervisor 51492e32-2e76-4bc1-aeae-1f00f400bb26 Daniel Lindqvist supervisor 3999cdd8-bd63-4a67-8273-216dc03de605 Charlotta Sunnqvist supervisor 3687efa4-bd8c-4fbf-b5cd-15ff69b5ed92 Agneta Ekman supervisor professor Hans Ågren opponent University of Gothenburg, Sweden Psychiatry (Lund) v1000459 department Unit for clinical suicide research v1001038 department Unit for clinical suicide research research group Individanpassad behandling av patienter med depression, med särskilt fokus på suicidrisk. project Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important protein for neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. In this thesis the role of BDNF, in suicidal behaviour was investigated with focus on possible risk factors for suicidal behaviour such as avoidant focused coping, dysfuntional personality traits like impulsiveness and hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis.<br/>Paper I: The association between avoidant focused coping and the BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism in two different cohorts of suicide attempters was investigated. The Met allele of this gene polymorphism was associated with increased use of avoidant focused coping, irrespectively of age and the severity of depressive symptoms. <br/>Paper II: The relationships between BDNF in plasma, clinical symptoms and personality dimensions were studied in recent suicide attempters. BDNF concentrations in plasma were correlated significantly with Solidity but not with symptoms of depression or anxiety.<br/>Paper III: The association between BDNF in plasma and HPA axis activity in recent suicide attempters was investigated. Plasma BDNF concentrations were correlated significantly and negatively with post-dexamethasone cortisol in female but not in male suicide attempters. <br/>Paper IV: The association between avoidant coping strategies, suicide risk measured with the Suicide assessment self-rating scale (SUAS-S) and suicidal ideation was studied in two different cohorts of suicide attempters, and in a cohort of depressed patients without a history of attempted suicide. Regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations between avoidant coping strategies and the total scores of SUAS-S adjusted for age, gender, the severity of depressive symptoms and the co-morbidity with personality disorder in both cohorts of suicide attempters and in depressed patients without a history of attempted suicide. Furthermore, a significant correlation between more severe suicidal ideations and increased use of avoidant focused coping was observed in all three cohorts of patients.<br/>Paper V: The relationship between avoidant focused coping and personality traits in recent suicide attempters and in healthy controls was examined. Avoidant focused coping was correlated significantly with Solidity in suicide attempters. The finding remained significant after controlling for age and gender. <br/>Conclusion: The results indicate that there are associations between BDNF, impulsiveness and HPA axis hyperactivity in suicide attempters. Furthermore, an increased use of avoidant focused coping is suggested as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in psychatric patients. <br/> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important protein for neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. In this thesis the role of BDNF, in suicidal behaviour was investigated with focus on possible risk factors for suicidal behaviour such as avoidant focused coping, dysfuntional personality traits like impulsiveness and hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. <br/>Paper I: The association between avoidant focused coping and the BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism in two different cohorts of suicide attempters was investigated. The Met allele of this gene polymorphism was associated with increased use of avoidant focused coping, irrespectively of age and the severity of depressive symptoms. <br/>Paper II: The relationships between BDNF in plasma, clinical symptoms and personality dimensions were studied in recent suicide attempters. BDNF concentrations in plasma were correlated significantly with Solidity but not with symptoms of depression or anxiety. <br/>Paper III: The association between BDNF in plasma and HPA axis activity in recent suicide attempters was investigated. Plasma BDNF concentrations were correlated significantly and negatively with postdexamethasone cortisol in female but not in male suicide attempters. <br/>Paper IV: The association between avoidant coping strategies, suicide risk measured with the Suicide assessment self-rating scale (SUAS-S) and suicidal ideation was studied in two different cohorts of suicide attempters, and in a cohort of depressed patients without a history of attempted suicide. Regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations between avoidant coping strategies and the total scores of SUAS-S adjusted for age, gender, the severity of depressive symptoms and the comorbidity with personality disorder in both cohorts of suicide attempters and in depressed patients without a history of attempted suicide. Furthermore, a significant correlation between more severe suicidal ideations and increased use of avoidant focused coping was observed in all three cohorts of patients. <br/>Paper V: The relationship between avoidant focused coping and personality traits in recent suicide attempters and in healthy controls was examined. Avoidant focused coping was correlated significantly with Solidity in suicide attempters. The finding remained significant after controlling for age and gender. Conclusion: The results indicate that there are associations between BDNF, impulsiveness and HPA axis hyperactivity in suicide attempters. Furthermore, an increased use of avoidant focused coping is suggested as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in psychatric patients. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c8b10097-8417-473e-9473-708c952c80bc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15675716/Livia_Ambrus_WEBB_HELA.pdf application/pdf 3803267 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng BDNF Aviodant coping Suicide Attempters HPA axis Impulsvieness BDNF Avoidant focused coping HPA axis attempted suicide impulsiveness Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-311-2 97 2016-09-23T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:85 c8b10097-8417-473e-9473-708c952c80bc 2016-09-02T12:50:39+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-02T12:50:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7f26796b-c60f-408e-ab52-9b8f2ed87b9d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published MA1, Annexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund 1 DZMITRY SLEDNEU author a12282aa-ff1d-49eb-bbe5-191980de0e21 Andrzej Lingas supervisor 09fd65c1-2d22-477b-8095-ab06351e9b6f Professor Artur Czumaj opponent University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Mathematics (Faculty of Sciences) v1000666 department This thesis consists of five papers within the design and analysis of efficient algorithms.<br/>In the first paper, we consider the problem of computing all-pairs shortest paths in a directed graph with real weights assigned to vertices. We develop a combinatorial randomized algorithm that runs in subcubic time for a special class of graphs.<br/>In the second paper, we present a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm for optimal partitions of a complete edge-weighted graph, where the edges are weighted by the length of the unique shortest path connecting those vertices in the a priori given tree (shortest path metric induced by a tree). Our result resolves, in particular, the complexity status of the optimal partition problems in one-dimensional geometric (Euclidean) setting.<br/>In the third paper, we study the NP-hard problem of partitioning an orthogonal polyhedron P into a minimum number of 3D rectangles. We present an approximation algorithm with the approximation ratio 4 for the special case of the problem in which P is a so-called 3D histogram. We then apply it to compute the exact arithmetic matrix product of two matrices with non-negative integer entries. The computation is time-efficient if the 3D histograms induced by the input matrices can be partitioned into relatively few 3D rectangles.<br/>In the fourth paper, we present the first quasi-polynomial approximation schemes for the base of the number of triangulations of a planar point set and the base of the number of crossing-free spanning trees on a planar point set, respectively.<br/>In the fifth paper, we study the complexity of detecting monomials with special properties in the sum-product expansion of a polynomial represented by an arithmetic circuit of size polynomial in the number of input variables and using only multiplication and addition. We present a fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for the detection of monomial having at least k distinct variables, parametrized with respect to k. Furthermore, we derive several hardness results on the detection of monomials with such properties within exact, parametrized and approximation complexity. This thesis consists of five papers within the design and analysis of efficient algorithms.<br/>In the first paper, we consider the problem of computing all-pairs shortest paths in a directed graph with real weights assigned to vertices. We develop a combinatorial randomized algorithm that runs in subcubic time for a special class of graphs.<br/>In the second paper, we present a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm for optimal partitions of a complete edge-weighted graph, where the edges are weighted by the length of the unique shortest path connecting those vertices in the a priori given tree (shortest path metric induced by a tree). Our result resolves, in particular, the complexity status of the optimal partition problems in one-dimensional geometric (Euclidean) setting.<br/>In the third paper, we study the NP-hard problem of partitioning an orthogonal polyhedron P into a minimum number of 3D rectangles. We present an approximation algorithm with the approximation ratio 4 for the special case of the problem in which P is a so-called 3D histogram. We then apply it to compute the exact arithmetic matrix product of two matrices with non-negative integer entries. The computation is time-efficient if the 3D histograms induced by the input matrices can be partitioned into relatively few 3D rectangles.<br/>In the fourth paper, we present the first quasi-polynomial approximation schemes for the base of the number of triangulations of a planar point set and the base of the number of crossing-free spanning trees on a planar point set, respectively.<br/>In the fifth paper, we study the complexity of detecting monomials with special properties in the sum-product expansion of a polynomial represented by an arithmetic circuit of size polynomial in the number of input variables and using only multiplication and addition. We present a fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for the detection of monomial having at least k distinct variables, parametrized with respect to k. Furthermore, we derive several hardness results on the detection of monomials with such properties within exact, parametrized and approximation complexity. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7f26796b-c60f-408e-ab52-9b8f2ed87b9d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11791591/thesis.pdf application/pdf 819800 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Mathematics 2016-08 eng Algorithms Approximation algorithms Graphs Computer Sciences Discrete Mathematics 978-91-7623-866-0 978-91-7623-867-7 90 2016-09-30T13:00:00+02:00 7f26796b-c60f-408e-ab52-9b8f2ed87b9d 2016-09-04T13:27:35+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-04T13:27:35+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8ef394fd-fdd7-409c-a958-b8c3efe485fb 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Kristoffer Svensson author b4d95481-5e7b-4fda-8543-9e5305e49084 Claes-Göran Wahlström supervisor 0261f094-5481-4fc7-a595-b9130049784a Olle Lundh supervisor 2081a530-8729-4a14-b79b-c17acf509ded Anders Persson supervisor c394775f-34ef-4fde-8299-d0089cb08f35 Dr. Leonida A. Gizzi opponent Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Italy Atomic Physics v1000622 department This thesis describes experiments involving laser-plasma-based acceleration of electrons and protons, using the techniques of laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA). By using extremely high accelerating field strengths, up to the order of TV m^-1, it is possible to reach high kinetic particle energies over very short distances.<br/><br/>The multi-terawatt laser system at the Lund Laser Centre, with focused laser pulse intensities reaching over 10¹⁹ W cm^-2, was used in these experiments. The laser pulses were focused on different types of targets, depending on the acceleration technique. When using LWFA, the target was usually a gas, which is instantly ionized. As the laser pulse propagates through the plasma, a plasma wave is induced that can be used to accelerate electrons. As the electrons are accelerated, they also oscillate about the central axis, which produces betatron radiation that extends to x-ray energies. In the experimental investigations presented in this thesis, both supersonic gas jets and gas-filled capillary tubes were used as targets. When using TNSA, the targets were usually aluminum foils, while some experiments were carried out on structured targets and very small hollow spheres. When the laser pulse hits a solid target, electrons from the front surface of the target are driven through the target. As these electrons exit the rear surface, they form an electron sheath, which creates very strong electrical fields, in which positively charged particles, such as protons, can be accelerated.<br/><br/>In some of the LWFA experiments, electrons automatically enter the accelerating part of the plasma wave through a stochastic process called self-injection. This process was studied, and it was shown that temporal and spectral laser pulse self-compression and focal spot quality are important for electron injection to occur. A model predicting when self-injection occurs for certain parameters was also developed. In another study, it was found that the number density in supersonic gas flows depends on the choice of gas. To obtain better control over how the electrons are injected, density gradient injection was used, which resulted in electron beams with increased charge, decreased spatial divergence, and better shot-to-shot stability compared to electron beams relying on self-injection.<br/><br/>Experiments using gas-filled dielectric capillaries showed an order of magnitude increase in x-ray fluence compared to supersonic gas jets. The acceleration and x-ray generation processes in capillary tubes were also studied in more detail, showing that the processes occurred over several millimeters.<br/><br/>In two of the TNSA studies, double laser pulses were used. It was found that the spatial separation and relative intensities of the two pulses were important, and affected the spatial profile of the resulting proton beams. A laser pulse separation on the order of the size of the laser spot was found to result in elliptical proton beam profiles. Furthermore, the elliptical profile could be tilted by changing the relative intensities of the two laser pulses, as a result of the transverse expansion of the electron sheath. This sheath expansion was also utilized with the hollow spherical targets, where an increase in proton number was observed in the energy range 5.5 MeV to 6.5 MeV.<br/><br/>Experiments on thin foil targets with very small surface structures showed that the spatial divergence of the proton beams was greatly affected by the structures on the rear surface. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8ef394fd-fdd7-409c-a958-b8c3efe485fb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11828376/Thesis.pdf application/pdf 28536349 no 1 Division of Atomic Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University 2016-09-06 eng laser plasma acceleration electrons protons Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Svensson Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7623-944-5 978-91-7623-945-2 212 2016-09-30T10:15:00+02:00 8ef394fd-fdd7-409c-a958-b8c3efe485fb 2016-09-05T09:01:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-05T09:01:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7901bd58-cbbe-41b1-9a2c-bcd04957a11e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Amr Ergawy author 3ad8f2b6-5739-4575-a7a2-acdd3a7ae74f Boris Magnusson supervisor 9b9c2faa-11de-4bd4-a1b5-77fc666a62d9 Görel Hedin supervisor a7e57feb-19d7-42e9-ba79-637d042ee464 Professor Eric jul opponent Oslo University, Norway Department of Computer Science v1000234 department Software Development and Environments v1001418 department PalCom is a pervasive middleware that can be used to assemble services provided by networked devices into configurations, called assemblies, for specific use cases by the user. In this dissertation, we present the development of a networking media abstraction framework for PalCom that abstracts different network interfaces in a PalCom device to upper layers of PalCom. The media abstraction framework is documented in paper I. Over the media abstraction layer, we define a device discovery mechanism that enables a PalCom device to discover other devices on its local networks, where it has network interfaces, as well as across interconnected networks. The device discovery mechanism is documented in paper II. On top of the device discovery layer, we implemented support for distance vector routing that enables routing data among discovered devices via the least cost routes. The routing layer is documented in paper III. In the last phase of our work, we refined our device discovery mechanism for PalCom to include a distributed synchronization algorithm that two PalCom nodes can utilize to re-sync their exchanged views of the network to overcome possible loss of device discovery and undiscovery notifications over unreliable channels. The synchronization algorithm is documented in paper IV. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7901bd58-cbbe-41b1-9a2c-bcd04957a11e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11830002/amr_ergawy_PhD_dissertation_2016_ms_37.pdf application/pdf 4073557 no 2016 eng Pervasive middleware Internet-of-Things Networking Device discovery Routing Software architecture Computer and Information Sciences 978-91-7623-960-5 978-91-7623-961-2 113 2016-09-30T10:15:00+02:00 7901bd58-cbbe-41b1-9a2c-bcd04957a11e 2016-09-05T11:21:07+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-05T11:21:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1a47e5b5-058c-4ebf-a40f-ba256919fa44 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Lina Gällentoft author 544f3001-b427-48dc-912f-997a8a3e02ec Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier supervisor 7e78d51b-a5d8-4a50-9064-aefe594c3fa9 Jens Schouenborg supervisor 7dfa5833-fd5c-4a03-9c0d-6a5d52761678 Nils Danielsen supervisor 69c36b4a-2569-4a48-93f3-22eef6f6cd70 Christelle Prinz supervisor fab90524-7303-49f2-9f3f-66982732af33 Dr Andrew Jackson opponent 63Newcastle NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Neuronano Research Center (NRC) v1000398 department Neuronano Research Center (NRC) research group Chronic neural interfaces that are able to record or stimulate neurons in the CNS are valuable instruments in use today and they hold great promise for the future both within neuroscience research and in the clinic. However, a major obstacle is that they show a decline in performance over time. Many different approaches to improve the interface designs are gradually evaluated in hope of overcoming this obstacle. One approach is to enhance the biomaterials ability to integrate with the surrounding tissue by manipulating the surface structure. One way of doing this is to construct a nanostructured electrode surface. A nanostructured electrode surface, in this case nanowires, has the potential to improve the electrical properties of the neural interface a well as to improve the interface biocompatibility and tissue integration. However, before nanowires can be used as an electrode surface structure it is crucial to investigate the safety aspects of exposing the brain tissue to nanowires. Nanowires share morphological features with asbestos fibers and if some of the nanowires were to break off from the electrode surface a possible asbestosis-like pathology might develop. To address this issue we assessed the inflammatory tissue response and neuronal survival following injection of biostable nanowires of different lengths (paper I). Furthermore, we also evaluated the tissue response following injection of short degradable nanowires (paper II). We found that short biodegradable or biostable nanowires did not cause a significant tissue response or neuronal loss. However, we found that debris from degradable nanowires as well as intact biostable nanowires remained in the brain one year post injection. Suggesting that nanoparticle clearance from the brain is a very slow process.<br/>A neural interface with a nanostructured surface needs to be protected from damage during the implantation procedure. In paper III, we showed that embedding the nanowire substrate in a temporary protective and stiffening matrix, consisting of gelatin and glycerol, preserved the majority of the nanowires during implantation into agar.<br/>In paper IV, we showed that implanting multiple wire bundles in the brain does not result in an increased glial response to each individual implant. This implies that it is feasible to interface and interact with several brain structures in parallel without the confounding factor of an over all cumulatively increased glial response.<br/>In summary, this thesis has provided key knowledge about how to design and implant a nanowire structured neural interface. The development of a seamlessly integrating neural interface would have immense implications in neuroscience research as well as in clinical settings.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1a47e5b5-058c-4ebf-a40f-ba256919fa44 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11832069/e_spik_version_Lina_G.pdf application/pdf 70731077 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng neural interface neurons BMI nanowires tissue responses rat biocompatibility astrocytes microglia Medical and Health Sciences 1652-8220 978-91-7619-319-8 112 2016-09-30T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:93 1a47e5b5-058c-4ebf-a40f-ba256919fa44 2016-09-05T14:33:53+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z 2016-09-05T14:33:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:20f55aaa-cf3c-4a42-b172-9d12660db230 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, ing 59, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Nicholas Don-Doncow author f6176672-b22a-458c-9a98-b61b941b527f Anders Bjartell supervisor 962bdf27-ab40-43e9-bf03-0e7a9b20080f Rebecka Hellsten supervisor 3a5362a6-085a-4b6d-8ae6-e81d9726a06d Professor Hing Leung opponent Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom Urological cancer, Malmö v1000567 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Urological cancer, Malmö research group Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer among men. Currently there are no reliable<br/>biomarkers to distinguish between indolent and aggressive disease. When men progress to advanced stages of the disease treatment options are limited and resistance to treatments available today is a growing problem. Recently the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been suggested as both a potential target for treatment, and a biomarker in advanced prostate cancer.<br/>In this work we explored the potential of activated STAT3 (pSTAT3) as a tissue biomarker in two different cohorts. We also investigated the mechanism of action of the STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone as well as its effect in combination treatments with chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel.<br/>In a rapid autopsy cohort of patients that have died of metastatic prostate cancer we found that expression of pSTAT3 was present in all metastases, with highest expression in the bone, likely an effect of the tumor microenvironment. A second cohort of hormone naïve patients with localized prostate cancer showed that pSTAT3 expression was higher in benign tissue compared with tumor tissue. Lower pSTAT3 expression in tumor cells was predictive of shorter time to recurrent disease. These two cohorts suggest that targeting pSTAT3 would be valuable at later stages of the disease.<br/>We also investigated galiellalactone, a natural fungal compound, and its mechanism of action in inhibiting STAT3. We found that galiellalactone binds directly to STAT3, thus blocking the ability of STAT3 to bind to DNA. When galiellalactone was used in combination with docetaxel it was able to produce a synergistic inhibitory effect, which was likely due to the observed downregulation of genes involved in docetaxel resistance.<br/>In conclusion, our results suggest that STAT3 is a promising treatment target in late stage prostate cancer and may lead to benefit when used in combination with docetaxel. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/20f55aaa-cf3c-4a42-b172-9d12660db230 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19772679/Thesis_For_Print_fixed.pdf application/pdf 24376687 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng prostate cancer STAT3 biomarker Immunohistochemestry Drug Resistance Medical and Health Sciences Cell and Molecular Biology 978-91-7619-400-3 79 2017-02-02T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:19 20f55aaa-cf3c-4a42-b172-9d12660db230 2017-01-13T15:01:03+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-13T15:01:03+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f1435420-2eb2-42e5-a0d9-b52e34f7a6e7 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg lecture hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Alif Arman author 7788a49e-1c14-41da-b63a-8908f0c76a73 Jan Knudsen supervisor f6ba50e8-61f4-486e-887c-6d77540bc567 Edvin Lundgren supervisor d75ed37d-b68f-4ae2-b806-9a40698cb676 Prof. Dr. Herbert Over opponent Justus-Liebig-Universität-Giessen, Germany Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department Cobalt oxides are known to be active catalysts for a number of chemical reactions, but very little is known about the atomic scale processes<br/>responsible for the activity. The research presented in this thesis is focused on obtaining an atomic scale understanding of the chemistry of wellcharacterized<br/>cobalt oxide model catalyst surfaces consisting of pristine and defective CoO and Co3O4 thin films with the (111) and (100)<br/>terminations supported by Ag(100), Ir(100), and Au(111) single crystal surfaces. The structure and the adsorption properties of probe molecules<br/>onto these cobalt oxide model catalyst surfaces are studied under ultra-high vacuum conditions using the interplay of X-ray photoemission<br/>spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Further, high pressure XPS (HPXPS)<br/>is used to study the stability and phase transitions of the cobalt oxide model catalysts in more realistic gas environments. As a side project to<br/>the work on cobalt oxide thin films the thesis gives a comprehensive spectroscopic picture of Ir(100) surface reconstructions and molecular<br/>adsorption onto these surfaces.<br/>The adsorption experiments of H2, CO, CO2, and H2O probe molecules give a detailed picture of the surface chemistry of Co oxide surfaces and<br/>it is demonstrated that Co ions naturally found on the surface of Co3O4(111) and Co3O4(100) thin films or artificially created on the CoO(111)<br/>surface are extremely important for chemical properties of the surface. Water dissociation, carbonate formation, weak adsorption of CO and<br/>CO2 are examples of processes that only take place in the presence of Co surface ions. The work at more realistic gas pressures in the mbar<br/>regime demonstrates that Co oxide thin films should be seen as dynamic films that easily change phase between the CoO and Co3O4 structure<br/>in response to the gas composition.<br/>To summarize, the work presented in this thesis is important for the fundamental understanding of cobalt oxide surfaces and their catalytic<br/>properties, and hopefully, this fundamental understanding can be used to develop new and better cobalt oxide based catalysts. Catalysts are used to produce a large fraction of the materials we use in our modern society. A<br/>very famous example is the highly efficient catalysts that are used to fix nitrogen from the air into<br/>artificial fertilizer salts. Without this catalytic process, it is difficult to imagine that we could feed<br/>the current population of earth. Artificial fertilizers are, however, not the only product that uses a<br/>catalyst for its production. In fact, almost all products produced in the chemical industry such as<br/>plastic materials, paints, coating materials, gasoline, drugs, etc. use catalysts for their production.<br/>Catalysts are also used extensively for cleaning of exhaust gas from power plants, trucks, and cars.<br/>As an example, the catalyst in a car convert carbon monoxide gas (CO) to non-toxic carbon dioxide<br/>(CO2). Unfortunately, the catalyst in the car is built partly from very expensive metals such as<br/>platinum and palladium.<br/>As discussed above catalysts are used extensively both for the production of modern materials and<br/>for reducing the amount of toxic chemicals we release into our environment. Most of the catalyst<br/>materials we use today have been found by trial and error methods and knowledge of why and how<br/>the chemical process take place on the catalyst material is therefore often very limited or missing<br/>fully.<br/>The goal of the present work has been to improve our understanding of chemical processes taking<br/>place on cobalt oxide based catalysts. Instead of studying real and complex cobalt oxide catalyst<br/>materials we have studied thin and highly idealized cobalt oxide films. Using these highly idealized<br/>model systems of the real catalysts we studied chemical processes at the atomic scale level. One<br/>important take home message of the studies is that single cobalt atoms found on the surface are<br/>essential for the function of the catalysts surface and in particular for how it interact with gas<br/>molecules.<br/>Hopefully, the present fundamental work on cobalt oxide catalysts can be used to develop new and<br/>better catalysts of this material. Furthermore, the work adds knowledge to our general<br/>understanding of metal oxide films and their catalytic applications. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f1435420-2eb2-42e5-a0d9-b52e34f7a6e7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19773511/Alif_Arman_PhD_thesis.pdf application/pdf 29857659 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research 2016-12 eng catalysis model systems Co3O4(111) Co3O4(100) CoO(111) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Scanning tunneling microscopy Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Arman Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-140-1 978-91-7753-141-8 203 2017-01-27T13:00:00+01:00 f1435420-2eb2-42e5-a0d9-b52e34f7a6e7 2017-01-13T15:58:16+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-13T15:58:16+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9c9d76a3-1877-4f3e-88cb-37632cb233bd 2026-02-27T08:46:15Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, MFC, ing 59, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Jenny Rystedt author ddb0409d-4c33-497c-80e4-73584f8923d0 Agneta Montgomery supervisor 74351515-cc07-4135-a952-0a30d032522f Gunnar Persson supervisor Bobby Tingstedt supervisor aa170621-5a09-4cb4-b058-7bd0ac1e4bee Ann-Cathrin Moberg supervisor b0d3823a-ab80-415f-a8ed-e5daa9e66aba assoc professor Magnus Nilsson opponent Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Surgery v1000516 department Surgery research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9c9d76a3-1877-4f3e-88cb-37632cb233bd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19980179/Rystedt_pdf.pdf application/pdf 2959571 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-397-6 76 2017-02-03T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:16 9c9d76a3-1877-4f3e-88cb-37632cb233bd 2017-01-16T16:40:16+01:00 2026-02-27T08:46:15Z 2017-01-16T16:40:16+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:81c4a6aa-7be0-45a3-90d0-a3353445bfd9 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsal 01, Health Sciences Centre, Baravägen 3, Lund. 1 Anna Cronström author 87e9a3b3-be64-4435-8403-57bdb4f270bc Eva Ageberg supervisor e79c1982-f066-4fa7-8a27-5c7a4a212224 Mark W Creaby supervisor professor Joanna Kvist opponent Linköping Sport Sciences v1000423 department Sport Sciences research group Movement quality in people with knee injury: validity of visual rating of and contributing senorimotor factors for postural orientation errors project Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and patellofemoral pain (PFP) are common sports-related knee injuries. Their consequences include compromised health of the effected individual and substantial financial costs for society. Increased knee abduction or a knee medial to foot position (KMFP), so called “kissing knees”, during weight-bearing activities is reported to be more common in patients with ACL injury or PFP than in non-injured individuals and is also reported to be associated with greater pain and worse function in these patients. Furthermore, increased knee abduction during activity is suggested to increase the risk of sustaining both primary and subsequent ACL injuries. However, the contributing factors for this altered movement pattern are not well understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between sensorimotor factors, modifiable by training, and knee abduction in patients with ACL injury.<br/>Two systematic reviews with meta-analyses were conducted (papers I and II). These included patients with ACL injury or PFP and healthy individuals and investigated the association between sex, muscle strength, muscle activation, sensory function and joint range of motion (ROM), respectively, and knee abduction. The association between sensory function (n=51, 23 women), muscle strength and muscle activation (n=29, 11 women), respectively, and a knee abduction/KMFP in patients with ACL injury were investigated in three cross-sectional studies (papers III – V).<br/>This thesis shows that non-injured women and those with PFP perform weight-bearing activities with greater knee abduction compared to their male counterparts. In healthy individuals, lower trunk lateral flexion strength, lower gluteus maximus activation, increased hip external rotation ROM and reduced ankle dorsi-flexion range of motion were associated with increased knee abduction/KMFP. In individuals with ACL injury, reduced sensory function was associated with a KMFP, and lower vastus medialis (VM) activation and iliocostalis activation on the non-injured side but higher semitendinosus (ST) activation and ST/VM ratio were associated with increased 3D knee abduction during weight-bearing activities. Hip and knee strength was not, or only weakly, associated with knee abduction in healthy individuals and in those with knee injury.<br/>The result from this thesis indicates that sensorimotor function, such as proprioception and muscle activation patterns should be considered in the rehabilitation after ACL injury. Given that healthy women perform weight-bearing activities with increased knee abduction compared to men, there may need to be a greater focus on this movement pattern during prevention and rehabilitation training in women, whereas other factors may be more relevant in men. Further investigations are needed to confirm these results and to establish the factors, both structural and neuromuscular, that contribute to knee abduction in men and women with ACL injury.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/81c4a6aa-7be0-45a3-90d0-a3353445bfd9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20229148/Anna_Cronstr_m_Avhandling.pdf application/pdf 4422380 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng ACL injury Sensorimotor control Rehabilitation Prevention Movement quality Postural orientation Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-403-4 82 http://www.gaitposture.com/article/S0966-6362(16)30244-2/abstract http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40279-016-0519-8 http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2474-15-430 2017-02-10T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:22 81c4a6aa-7be0-45a3-90d0-a3353445bfd9 2017-01-24T09:02:38+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-24T09:02:38+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7fa291aa-a778-4db4-aae6-8a8d843798ee 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Filip Ventorp author caea19de-b5c1-4036-9054-f62b69d6f54b Lena Brundin supervisor 19f59226-e3d5-4acd-b62c-502e789a8346 Shorena Janelidze supervisor bea0f058-9449-4542-8089-ffac68057275 Lil Träskman Bendz supervisor 5fd535bb-281a-4eca-b3fa-5b92b6908469 Åsa Westrin supervisor 51492e32-2e76-4bc1-aeae-1f00f400bb26 professor Gregers Wegener opponent Aarhus University Psychiatry (Lund) v1000459 department MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7fa291aa-a778-4db4-aae6-8a8d843798ee https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20232795/Filip_Ventorp_Inflammatory_Mechanisms_of_Depression_and_Suicidal_Behavior.pdf application/pdf 6939716 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng INFLAMMATION Depression Suicid CD44 Hyaluronan exendin-4 Kemokiner Fluoxetin Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-394-5 111 2017-02-09T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:13 7fa291aa-a778-4db4-aae6-8a8d843798ee 2017-01-24T13:47:24+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z 2017-01-24T13:47:24+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0a17b069-0d7c-44de-bea2-eb5bc056841d 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Daniel Svensson author 30b40555-e009-405e-b469-c2b7d9ccbfb0 Bengt-Olof Nilsson supervisor 3c744fa1-6d7b-4200-9125-eb7a0795f9e4 Sebastian Albinsson supervisor f7f363fc-b741-477e-850e-ffe0dc7d95d6 Daniel Jönsson supervisor professor Birgitta Agerberth opponent Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Vascular Physiology v1000375 department Vascular Physiology research group Accumulating evidence suggests that the main human cathelicidin peptide, LL-37, may influence host cell viability and pro-inflammatory signaling when locally overexpressed. LL-37 has pro-inflammatory properties linked to the development of for example psoriasis, rosacea, SLE and atherosclerosis. However, the importance of LL-37-induced host cell permeabilization and cytotoxic effects are poorly understood. We hypothesize that these effects are implicated in the tissue destruction associated with inflammatory diseases such as chronic periodontitis (CP). CP, the number one reason for adult tooth loss globally, is associated with elevated LL-37 levels. Here, tooth detachment is caused by degradation of the supporting bone. We aimed to investigate effects of LL-37 on osteoblast cell viability in vitro and the underlying mechanism in order to explore the detrimental effects of LL-37 and the possible involvement in tissue destruction associated with CP. In agreement with this, the peptide was found to permeabilize and kill osteoblasts at concentrations relevant for the in vivo situation. Cell permeabilization by LL-37 was associated with LDH release, Ca2+-influx, attenuation of cell viability, accumulation of annexin V positive cells and caspase 3 activation, indicative of apoptosis in MG63 osteoblasts. <br/>As LL-37 constitutes a possible drug target, we further investigated compounds and endogenous mechanisms that may serve to inactivate LL-37. We found that the protein p33 (gC1qR) may be added extracellularly to rescue osteoblasts from LL-37-evoked cytotoxicity. Additionally, endogenous p33 appears to be a mean by which host cells are protected from LL-37-induced cytotoxicity, as the extent of the toxicity correlates to p33 expression levels in various host cell types. Host cell sensitivity towards LL-37 may moreover be modulated through up- or down- regulation of p33 expression, mediated through transfection with a pcDNA3.1 expression vector and siRNA. p33 was found in the mitochondria, cytoplasm and in proximity to the cell membrane. It inactivates LL-37 intracellularly, as cell viability but not cellular LDH release is influenced by p33 expression, and additionally, LL-37 co-immunoprecipitates with cytoplasmic p33. This indicates that internalization of LL-37 is critical for host cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a comparison of LL-37's effects on various cell types indicates that LL-37-evoked cytotoxicity is not directly correlated to the degree of cell permeabilization.<br/>The active form of vitamin D, 1,25D3, is a well-known mediator of LL-37 synthesis, although its possible role in dysregulated expression of LL-37 is yet to be elucidated. Stimulation of LL-37 expressing THP-1 monocytes with 1,25D3 was shown to attenuate cell viability both of co-cultured periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and the THP-1 cells themselves. This effect is reversed by addition of recombinant p33 to the cultures, implicating LL-37 as the mediator of the cytotoxic effect. In skin, RXRα protein levels were found to be critical for LL-37 expression: siRNA mediated silencing of RXRα attenuates 1,25D3-induced stimulation of LL-37 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, gene expressions were analyzed in human skin and gingiva biopsies. Skin shows significantly higher LL-37 gene expression compared to gingiva and this difference correlates to RXRα mRNA levels.<br/>In conclusion, our study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of LL-37 induced cytotoxicity in host cells, as well as the regulation of LL-37 expression by vitamin D. The in vitro results presented here support the hypothesis that LL-37 may be involved in the tissue destruction, observed locally in inflammatory diseases such as CP.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0a17b069-0d7c-44de-bea2-eb5bc056841d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20274987/D_Svensson_PhD_Thesis_LL_37_induced_cytotoxicity_without_appendices_.pdf application/pdf 28440937 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng LL-37, cathelicidin, cytotoxicity, host defence peptides, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, vitamin D Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-393-8 166 2017-02-17T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:12 0a17b069-0d7c-44de-bea2-eb5bc056841d 2017-01-25T14:11:19+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-25T14:11:19+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:82974fcb-6fa6-46c3-b366-6f890a372bbe 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published SSSH-salen, Health Sciences Centre, Baravägen 3, Lund 1 Christina Bökberg author cf043fbc-6a70-4f64-8b18-95cb792fc5ac Staffan Karlsson supervisor f7f0b928-8644-44e7-8ec2-16923f4969b7 Gerd Ahlström supervisor b6585860-39c8-4b45-9f2e-85e735139caf Professor Annica Kihlgren opponent School of Health Sciences, Örebro University Older people's health and Person-Centred care v1000427 department Older people's health and Person-Centred care research group RightTimePlaceCare project The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate formal care and services at home, regarding structure, process, and outcomes, for persons with dementia (aged 65+ years) at risk of nursing home admission. Availability and utilization of formal care and services at home for persons with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries was described in study I. A mapping form was used to collect data. The results revealed that availability was reported to be higher than utilization, and indicated more similarities than differences among the countries involved. Dementia-specific care and services were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized. Study II investigated formal care providers’ views on conditions for best practice in terms of collaboration and improvement needs in the chain of care from early to end-of-life stage for persons with dementia in Sweden. Three focus group interviews were conducted to collect data. Data were analysed using content analysis. The results indicated that best practice in terms of collaboration was achieved to a higher degree during the early stage compared with the moderate and end-of-life stages of the disease. Lack of best practice strategies during these stages made it difficult to meet the needs of persons with dementia and reduce burden on informal caregivers. A cross-sectional study design was used in studies III and IV. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 177 persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. Data were analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Study III compared persons with dementia with different levels of cognitive impairment, regarding utilization of formal and informal care and services at home. The results showed that needs relating to ADLs and supervision appear to be met first and foremost by the informal caregivers, since the utilization of formal care and services was lower than utilization of informal care. Study IV described self-reported quality of life, different aspects of quality of care and the significance of quality of care for quality of life . The results revealed that pain significantly lowered quality of life in the dimensions behavioural competence and psychological wellbeing, compared with absence of pain. Satisfaction with received care seemed to have a positive effect on quality of life . The overall quality of life was perceived to be high even though one-third of the persons with dementia had daily pain and had had a weight loss of ≥4% during the preceding year. Altogether 23% of the persons with dementia had fallen during the last month and 40% of them had sustained an injury when falling. The thesis is inspired by Lawton's press-competence model, which provided a deeper understanding of the results and the context of the research. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/82974fcb-6fa6-46c3-b366-6f890a372bbe https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20314925/Care_and_services_at_home_for_persons_with_dementia.pdf application/pdf 4390926 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Dementia Quality of life Quality of care Home care Nursing Person-centred care Chain of care Lawton's press competence model Nursing 978-91-7619-398-3 10.13140/RG.2.2.22397.97764 http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22397.97764 yes 96 2017-02-16T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:17 82974fcb-6fa6-46c3-b366-6f890a372bbe 2017-01-26T10:11:59+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:24Z 2017-01-26T10:11:59+01:00

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theses published BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Vasileios Zampelis author 295577da-580d-4b2a-acd8-f84f1a914125 Isam Atroshi supervisor 0ada4e01-a041-4eb5-aef7-df8e2796bc65 Magnus Tägil supervisor a58c1532-b17a-4e99-b92b-a75584906e4c Gunnar Flivik supervisor 9bcb28be-0caf-47bc-a201-fa6cb265b143 Ewald Ornstein supervisor f3182ebf-2502-404f-9938-99929f76cebd Herbert Franzén supervisor professor André Stark opponent Karolinska Institutet Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department The Hip and Knee Joint Arthroplasty Research Group v1000962 department The Hip and Knee Joint Arthroplasty Research Group research group För 50 år sedan började man operera utslitna höftleder och använda konstgjorda<br/>ledytor som ersättning. Antalet operationer har långsamt ökat och operationen är nu en av de vanligaste i Sverige. En ny höftled leder oftast till total smärtfrihet<br/>och ökad rörelseförmåga under lång tid men ibland kan de insatta delarna lossna. Omoperationer på grund av proteslossning ökar i antal och för närvarande utgör omoperationerna cirka 10 % av alla höftledsoperationer. Dessa är ofta betydligt mer komplicerade än förstagångsoperationer. Benbädden som protesen skulle suttit fast i skadas ofta när protesen lossnar, och detta leder i sin tur till att det är svårare att få den nya protesen att sitta fast.<br/>En metod för att återskapa en ny benbädd är att med tät packning av malt ben<br/>återskapa benet i vilket proteskomponenterna ska fästa. Detta ben kommer från lårbenshuvuden som andra patienter donerat i samband med sina primära höftprotesoperationer. Metoden med benpackning introducerades på 1980-talet och har i många studier visat sig fungera tillfredställande under lång tid. Nytt ben återskapas och proteserna verkar ha nästan lika stora chanser att lyckas livslångt som en förstagångsoperation. Man har dock kunnat konstatera att höftproteserna efter operationen ofta sjunker ned i lårbenet, mer än vid en förstagångsoperation. Vad man inte vet är dock om proteserna därför har ökad risk för ny lossning eller överhuvudtaget kommer att ge besvär. För att ta reda på detta följde vi 17 patienter hos vilka lårbensdelen hade omopererats med benpackningstekniken. För att med stor precision och känslighet kunna följa hur väl protesen är förankrad i benet använde vi oss av en röntgenteknik (RSA), som kan registrera rörelser ned till 0,2 mm. Vi kunde då se att de fortsatte att långsamt sjunka ned i lårbenet under de 9 år som patienterna följdes men ingen<br/>patient hade sådana besvär av detta att de behövde opereras om under denna tid.<br/>En begränsning med att använda ben från andra patienter är dels att tillgången<br/>är begränsad men också den risk för överföring av sjukdomar som finns och som kräver omfattande kontroller av det ben som skall transplanteras. Under en längre tid har man försökt att hitta konstgjorda material som kan ersätta det malda benet. Vi prövar i avhandlingen ett sådant som består av calciumsulfat och hydroxyapatit och som fått namnet ”Cerament”. I en försöksmodell på kanin kunde vi i studie II visa att draghållfastheten, det vill säga vidhäftningen, ökade när ett konstgjort benersättningsmaterial användes.<br/><br/>Man har länge diskuterat möjligheten att påverka den mekaniska stabiliteten av<br/>det ben som användes vid benpackning. Detta är särskilt viktigt när man opererar om ledskålar som lossnat från bäckenet då resultaten av dessa är något sämre än när metoden används vid omoperation av lårbensdelen. Clodronate är ett läkemedel som minskar resorption av bentransplantatet. I studie III kunde man iaktta att ledskålen rörde sig mindre efter operationen. Den ökade mekaniska stabiliteten kan leda till förbättrat långtidsresultat.<br/>För att kunna bedöma hur patienterna upplever resultatet efter olika höftoperationer har en rad olika frågeformulär med ett antal olika frågor konstruerats. Vi evaluerade ett flertal sådana frågeformulär men ett mycket enkelt, VAS (Visual Analog Scale), visade sig lika bra som mer komplicerade formulär. Kliniskt betyder detta att det i framtida studier blir enklare att jämföra olika operationsmetoder.<br/>Sammanfattningsvis visar avhandlingsarbetet att (i) en mindre sjunkning av proteskomponenterna i bentransplantatet inte äventyrar det goda kliniska resultatet, (ii) vidhäftningen av protes mot ben i kaninmodell kan öka med syntetiskt bensubstitut, (iii), läkemedlet clondronate blandat i transplantatet minskar sjunkningen av ledskålen in i bäckenet och (iiii) att en enkel metod, Visual Analog Scale, klarar att gradera det patientupplevda kliniska utfallet lika bra som andra mer omfattande och komplicerade frågeformulär. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c1f5e398-3806-48f2-8bdd-e3fad7ff1e5e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20318985/AVHVZdel1_2017_01_24.pdf application/pdf 329929 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21022691/AVHVZdel2_.pdf application/pdf 7092287 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Revision hip arthroplasty, impaction bone grafting Orthopaedics 978-91-7619-423-2 77 2017-03-24T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:43 c1f5e398-3806-48f2-8bdd-e3fad7ff1e5e 2017-01-26T15:56:36+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z 2017-01-26T15:56:36+01:00

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theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Björn Hansen author 8ecd488a-630f-4d25-b097-3d235c2acf65 Arne Lindgren supervisor cac5c721-1dd9-475c-a08b-8db36fc040a6 Bo Norrving supervisor 202ac664-5da8-42c2-b110-96d26905695f Ola Nilsson supervisor 97d52ecc-37a4-436f-9d1f-3e314e391c69 professor Rustam Al-Shahi Salman opponent University of Edinburgh Neurology, Lund v1000451 department Clinical Stroke Research Group v1000453 department EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health v1001239 department Clinical Stroke Research Group research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b10f1e42-f278-4942-97f7-8b0348762024 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19310074/Bj_rn_Hansen_thesis.pdf application/pdf 2863256 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng intracerebral hemorrhage Stroke Cerebral Hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Neurology 978-91-7619-392-1 91 2017-01-20T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:11 b10f1e42-f278-4942-97f7-8b0348762024 2017-01-02T09:10:30+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2017-01-02T09:10:30+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e6466e5c-fd3c-4d46-8846-30779afe352a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Atanu Kundu author e658e414-b203-4f66-945a-3c4364977817 Jens Klingmann supervisor 306eb4d6-58cf-43cb-877d-0ac4d2e97472 Thermal Power Engineering v1000209 department In the current global energy scenario, gas turbine can provide delicate balance between the booming worlds energy requirement and a pollutant free sustainable society. Cleaner combustion of fuel (particular natural gas), efficient, reliable, low maintenance and cost effective operation of gas turbine attracted scientific community to push the limit further (high efficiency and zero emission gas turbine). Gas turbine combustion process is complex by nature as it interacts with turbulence, chemical kinetics and thermodynamics. The combined effect directly affects the component life and cost. To gain deeper understanding and develop new eco-friendly combustion technology, continuous effort has been made from last couple of decades. In the present doctoral thesis, a downscaled prototype dry low emission technology burner was extensively investigated experimentally. The thesis also aims to compare the experimental results with numerical calculations using commercial simulation tools. The main priority of the research work was to understand the flame stabilization, flame anchoring physics, the burner operational limits and emission performance. The gas turbine burner hardware was assembled with three distinct fuel and sir supply units. Along the centerline, a primary combustion zone, the RPL (Rich-Pilot-Lean) was placed. A Pilot and Main stage was placed radially outward direction from the centerline. A secondary combustion (the main flame) zone was produced downstream of the burner throat. The primary and secondary flames were stabilized by the swirling motion of the flow. Vortex breakdown and recirculation zones assisted the steady combustion process.<br/>Several conventional measurement techniques were employed for temperature and emission (Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons) measurement. The experimental work in this thesis also included sophisticated optical measurement. A visually accessible liner (combustor region with diverging Quarl section) allowed optical access of the secondary flame region to analyze and record the flame characteristics. Line of sight Chemiluminescence (of hydroxyl radical), two dimensional hydroxyls radical planar laser induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry diagnostic techniques were applied to investigate the secondary combustion (flame front and flow). All the experiments were conducted at atmospheric condition without any fuel heating. Chemical kinetic calculations were performed using CHEMKIN software for comparing the emission results. Steady and un-steady three dimensional computational fluid dynamic studies were conducted using ANSYS FLUENT.<br/>The RPL combustion produced a hot gas stream and provided radicals in to the secondary combustion zone (in the vicinity of forward recirculation zone). Initially, a dedicated experiment was conducted to explore the operability of the RPL combustor (primary zone) by varying the equivalence ratios and co-flow air properties. Results suggested that a slight rich operation could produce maximum radicals (Carbon monoxide, hydroxyls, oxygen and hydrogen radicals) from the RPL without affecting nitrogen oxides emission. The main flame (secondary combustion zone) stabilization process indicated that the secondary flame was stabilized around the inner shear layer (where the incoming reactant stream and recirculated hot gas stream interacted with each other) and near the liner wall (reactant stream impinged the liner wall). The lean and rich operability limits were identified from the full burner experiments. A sharp increase of carbon monoxide concentration was noticed in the proximity of lean blowout equivalence ratio (~ 0.40). Low frequency high amplitude flame pulsation was also observed at this operating point. Flame instability and flash back tendency was observed at higher stoichiometry (~ 0.62). The Pilot and RPL stage combustion influenced the full burner flame and emission characteristics. Interaction between Pilot stages were investigated and results suggested that rich Pilot operation was helpful for stabilizing the main flame at very lean stoichiometric combustion with an emission penalty (Nitrogen oxides concentration was increased). Lean RPL operation showed emission benefits but flame instability was increased; therefore, burner operation window was compressed. Two dimensional hydroxyls radical planar laser induced fluorescence diagnostics identified the main reaction zone (captured the super-equilibrium hydroxyl concentration) and post flame region (where relaxed hydroxyl radicals were noticed in less concentration). The maximum heat release zones were identified by the Chemiluminescence imaging. An investigation of combustor geometrical modification (aerodynamic variation) and its effect on flame characteristic was accomplished removing diverging Quarl geometry and replacing square liner with a circular cross section. The Quarl combustor arrangement demonstrated better combustion stability and wider operating window. Without Quarl, a third flame was observed from the outer recirculation zone. Outer recirculation zone flame intermittency and coupling with inner (central recirculation zone) flame structure produced high level of combustion dynamics issues. High hydrogen fuel (up to 50 % hydrogen by volume was mixed with methane) mixtures were introduced in the prototype burner. High hydrogen concentration aided a lean flame (100 K blowout benefit with 50 % hydrogen addition) operation without blowout. In addition, flow field diagnostics were carried out using two dimensional particle image velocimetry. The key flow structures (central and outer recirculation zones, shear layer, high speed swirl annular jet and vortical structures) were identified. The velocity measurement and radical concentration imaging explained the local wrinkling and dynamics of the flame structure.<br/>A preliminary effort was demonstrated to model the full burner with numerical three dimensional calculations. Different combustion (laminar flamelet and flamelet generated manifold) and turbulence model (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes, Scale adaptive simulation and large eddy simulation) were implemented in ANSYS FLUENT computation. Numerical calculation added value to the experimental results by providing a detail understanding of scalar and vector fields, especially from the locations, where optical diagnostic was not possible. The computed flame structure and flow futures were compared with the experimental results. A simplified reactor based modelling was also formulated based on computational simulation results. The aim was to investigate simulation techniques conceptually that could possibly be applied in coming studies to obtain a better numerical modeling and validation activities of turbulent gas turbine combustion design and development.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e6466e5c-fd3c-4d46-8846-30779afe352a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19310286/Atanu_K_without_papers.pdf application/pdf 26939548 no Lund University 2016 eng Gas Trubine Combustion Partially Premixed flame Flame stabilization Swirl Flow Emission Experiments Combustor CFD PLIF PIV Chemiluminescence Mechanical Engineering 978-91-7753-142-5 978-91-7753-143-2 94 Defence detail Date: 2017-01-26 Time: 10:15 Place: Ma:5, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund External reviewer Name: Eroglu, Adnan Title: Doktor Affiliation: Siemens, Zürich, Switzerland e6466e5c-fd3c-4d46-8846-30779afe352a 2017-01-02T09:59:46+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-02T09:59:46+01:00

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theses published Föreläsningssalen, Strålbehandlingshuset, Klinikgatan 5, våning 3, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Karin Elebro author fdfe26d8-cef5-4ffe-a709-6d295f238569 Signe Borgquist supervisor f6180f03-3f14-490a-b6d4-c5f575fcc4e8 Helena Jernström supervisor 3e3ce240-8447-4e99-84fb-e1d838f7bb2b Mozhgan Dorkhan supervisor 6c7eb08b-d5d1-433a-b41c-5cc93f49ca3c professor Jan Frisell opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Breast cancer prevention & intervention v1001121 department Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Breast cancer prevention & intervention research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3a30191f-c3ab-49d0-bfd3-e838ef61fd92 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19363997/Elebro_kappa_170103.pdf application/pdf 1671861 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng bröstcancer risk prognos behandling östrogenreceptor beta androgenreceptor Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-388-4 95 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24825327 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904752 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810901 2017-01-20T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:7 3a30191f-c3ab-49d0-bfd3-e838ef61fd92 2017-01-03T14:38:16+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2017-01-03T14:38:16+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a49d3dc1-7c2c-481c-8002-e2236bfa7340 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg lecture hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Olof Persson author b739de23-ed50-47d5-9d28-341f14d5b026 Anders Mikkelsen supervisor d280eb82-2d3b-4048-9618-91f8c9a8d18b Rainer Timm supervisor 74ec1ede-593d-4030-b58d-2598d7d448bc Prof. A. Alec Talin opponent Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department This dissertation presents the new methods and techniques developed to investigate the properties of nanowires (NWs) and NW devices and the results obtained using these methods. The growth and characterization of NWs have become a large research field because NWs have been shown to improve the properties of many semiconductor applications such as transistors, solar cells, and light emitting diodes. The structural composition, optical properties, and electric characteristics of NWs and NW devices are affected by effects at the atomic level. The surface of NWs plays a crucial role when it comes to these characteristics because of the large surface to volume ration of the NW structures. This makes the characterization of these structures, at the atomic level, a key factor, for understanding the underlying mechanisms, and for the development of even more suitable structures. Here, the composition of III-V semiconductor materials and the electronic properties of III-V semiconductor NWs are investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). <br/>A new method for studying contacted NWs on insulating substrates with STM is described, and the results from investigations of InAs-GaSb Esaki diode NWs are presented. The ability to study the NW side facets with STM while at the same time being able to apply a potential along the NW makes it possible to connect the device performance with the NW characteristics found with the STM. <br/>The conductivity of up-standing, as grown NWs is also measured with an STM using the novel technique called top contact mode. The method is used to evaluate, the Schottky barrier height of the Au GaAs interface in GaAs NWs, and the conductivity of InP and InAs NWs. This method makes it possible to measure the electric conductivity of the NWs without any additional device fabrication, making it more reliable due to the good ohmic electrical contacts established to the NW. It also, in contrast to conventional methods, enables well-controlled surface treatment of the NW side facets which is used to show how surface oxides influence NW conductance.<br/>XPS and the more penetrating hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) are used to evaluate the homogeneity and the growth of HfO2 films on InAs as well as the mechanism behind the self-cleaning effect of the InAs native oxide. This information is especially important for the continued work on semiconductor transistors where the HfO2 is one of the best candidates to be used as the gate oxide and where the interface between the oxide and semiconductor is crucial for device performance.<br/> Den här avhandlingen presenterar nya metoder och tekniker som utvecklats för att undersöka nanotrådars (NT) och NT-enheters egenskaper, och de resultat som erhållits med dessa. Växt och karakterisering av NT har blivit en stor forskningsområde då NT har visat sig förbättra egenskaperna hos många tillämpningar inom halvledarteknologin, såsom transistorer, solceller och lysdioder. Strukturell sammansättning, optiska- och elektriska egenskaper hos NT och NT-enheter påverkas av effekter ner på atomär nivå. På grund av det stora ytan/volym-förhållandet hos NT spelar ytan och dess egenskaper, hos NT, en avgörande roll när det gäller att bestämma egenskaperna hos NT. Detta gör karakterisering av dessa strukturer, på atomär nivå, en nyckelfaktor för att förstå de bakomliggande mekanismerna, och för att utvecklingen av bättre strukturer. <br/>I den här avhandlingen är sammansättningen hos III-V halvledarmaterial och de elektroniska egenskaperna hos III-V NT undersökta med hjälp av svepspetsmikroskopi (SSM) och fotoelektronspektroskopi (FES).<br/>En ny metod för att studera kontaktade NT på isolerande substrat med SSM beskrivs, och resultaten från undersökningar av InAs-GaSb Esaki-diod-NT presenteras. Möjligheten att studera sidofasetter av NT med SSM samtidigt som en potential ligger över NT gör det möjligt att korrelera diodens prestanda med NTs egenskaper.<br/>Konduktiviteten hos stående NT mäts också med SSM med en ny metod som kallas toppkontakt läge. Metoden används för att utvärdera den Schottky-barriär Au-GaAs-gränssnittet i GaAs-NT och ledningsförmågan hos InP- och InAs-NT. Metoden gör det möjligt att mäta den elektriska ledningsförmågan hos NT utan ytterligare processering, vilket gör det till en mer tillförlitlig metod pga de bra ohmska elektriska kontakterna till NT. Toppkontakt läge möjliggör också, till skillnad från konventionella metoder, välkontrollerad ytbehandling av sidofasetter hos NT vilket kan används för att visa hur ytoxider påverka NTs konduktans.<br/>FES och mer genomträngande hårdröntgenfotoelektronspektroskopi (HÅRFES) används för att utvärdera homogeniteten och tillväxten av HfO2-filmer på InAs. Även mekanismerna bakom den självrengörande effekten av den naturliga InAs-oxiden undersöks. Information är särskilt viktigt för det fortsatta arbetet med halvledartransistorer där HfO2 är en av de bästa kandidaterna som styreoxid. Gränssnittet mellan oxid och halvledare är avgörande för enhetens prestanda.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a49d3dc1-7c2c-481c-8002-e2236bfa7340 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19402757/Development_of_New_Characterization_Techniques_for_III_V_Nanowire_Devices.pdf application/pdf 39774044 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19402759/Development_of_new_characterization_techniques_for_III_V_nanowire_devices.pdf application/pdf 34322073 LU/LTH access Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research 2017-01 eng STM XPS Semiconductor nanowires nanowire devices top contact mode HAXPES Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Persson Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-128-9 978-91-7753-129-6 214 2017-02-03T09:15:00+01:00 a49d3dc1-7c2c-481c-8002-e2236bfa7340 2017-01-04T11:45:12+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-01-04T11:45:12+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cb3ab695-db6f-46c7-9cbb-69943bdcc679 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Klas Gränsbo author e38a3757-7dca-45fc-a43c-a960bb510ed5 Olle Melander supervisor 708de71a-2d3c-4937-92fc-7768da5dab4c Jan Nilsson supervisor 9c3d6410-b978-4aaf-b2ad-bf1cd4070602 MD, PhD Emanuele di Angelantonio opponent University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Cardiovascular Research - Hypertension v1000523 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Cardiovascular Research - Hypertension research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cb3ab695-db6f-46c7-9cbb-69943bdcc679 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19403992/Klas_Gr_nsbo_Summary_Dissertation_2017.pdf application/pdf 3728888 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Age Factors Myocardial infarction cardiovascular disease (CVD) Risk factors Cholesterol Prevention Endothelin-1 Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-396-9 2017-01-27T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:15 cb3ab695-db6f-46c7-9cbb-69943bdcc679 2017-01-04T15:20:36+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2017-01-04T15:20:36+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1712fdec-155a-4016-b313-f410da3a9b57 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Medicinskt forskningscentrum, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Ann-Kristin Björk author 4686aeba-fbda-4e37-a65a-594b87961edd Cecilia Svedman supervisor 001be226-c3a3-4bc8-8e66-1a38a9911214 Magnus Bruze supervisor 3aa4a187-1e75-4ec1-915f-0dc635dcc29a Malin Engfeldt supervisor 93b6323c-3ac0-41e3-b6fe-ee90cfc9e739 Agneta Gånemo supervisor d64e0e3a-29da-48cd-8e02-504059ed5c6a professor Lennart Emtestam opponent Department of Medicine, Huddinge Occupational and Environmental Dermatology v1000484 department Occupational and Environmental Dermatology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1712fdec-155a-4016-b313-f410da3a9b57 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21080493/Ann_Kristin_Bj_rk_009_.pdf application/pdf 1469814 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng contact allergy, metals, gold, patch test reproducibility, dental materials, genital lichen sclerosus 978-91-7619-409-6 2017-03-03T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:28 1712fdec-155a-4016-b313-f410da3a9b57 2017-02-06T17:33:09+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:26Z 2017-02-06T17:33:09+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:26c510bc-0519-4862-b365-8db54e490c97 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal (auditorium), Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Catharina Strid author 12f6f8d9-46e5-49ee-ad8d-ed34199f0c14 Lars-Gunnar Lundh supervisor aa47000e-b1b6-4488-86e9-3ab202dcab70 Agneta Öjehagen supervisor 38966add-ffb1-43e1-9847-54cb0646d564 Professor Steven James Linton opponent Örebro University Department of Psychology v1000681 department The present thesis comprises three studies carried out within REGASSA, a<br> multicenter randomized controlled trial in primary care. In the REGASSA study a<br> 12 week treatment of mild to moderate depression and stress-related mental Health problems using Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) and physical exercise (PE) was compared with treatment as usual (TAU). The inclusion criteria were symptoms of depression based on score &gt;9 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. <br> <br> The overall aim in this thesis was to examine the course and results of the REGASSA treatment on psychological functioning, perceived stress and sleep assessed repeatedly by an computerized telephone technology, Interactive Voice Response (IVR), during treatment and in follow-up.<br> <br> The first study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of Outcome<br> Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45) and the way OQ-45 would contribute to the explained variance in depression (MADRS) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D). OQ-45 is a broad measure for psychological functioning with a total score for overalldistress and three subscales, Symptom of distress, Interpersonal relations and Social role functioning. The aim in the second study was to compare the course and results of the treatment alternatives ICBT, PE and TAU, based on IVR data ofOQ-45, stress and sleep over a 12- month follow-up period. The hypothesis was that ICBT would be more effective than PE and ICBT and that PE would be more effective than TAU. In the third study we extended the analyses and examined whether hazardous alcohol consumption at baseline influenced the results on OQ-45, stress and sleep during treatment and in follow-up.<br> <br> REGASSA included 946 patients and at baseline 879 of them registered for IVR<br> and these patients are the focus of this thesis. The IVR system was programmed to automatically call the patient twice during treatment, once at the end of treatment and three times during follow-up. The sample comprised 70 % women and the average age was 43. The comorbidity between depression and several anxiety disorders was high and the proportion of hazardous drinkers was higher compared to the general population.<br> <br> The main results were (1) OQ-45 showed good psychometric properties with<br> regard to the total score but was weaker with regard to the subscales and the OQ-45 total score was found to predict depression and health related quality of lifebeyond demographics and perceived stress. (2) ICBT and physical exercise were more effective than treatment as usual on psychological functioning and sleep but not on perceived stress with small to moderate effect sizes Cohen´s d = 0.20-0.56. (3) Hazardous alcohol drinking negatively influenced the course of perceived stress, but showed no effects on psychological functioning and sleep.<br> <br> In conclusion the OQ-45 total score is a comprehensive tool with good<br> psychometric properties which seems useful for clinicians and researchers in the<br> field. However, the subscales cannot be recommended for use on the basis of these results and further research is needed. <br> <br> Treatment of depression also affected psychological functioning, and sleep, but the effect on stress was less clear. The comparison between treatments showed similar results i.e. that ICBT and PE were both superior to TAU and could be implemented as treatments in primary care for mental health problems. It could however be of interest with further research on tailored treatment for patients with various mental health problems. <br> <br> With regard to hazardous alcohol consumption the results emphasized the need for screening for alcohol habits in routine care. Psykisk ohälsa är en vanlig bakgrund till att patienter söker hjälp i primärvården<br> men det är inte alltid dessa problem upptäcks. Patienterna erbjuds inte heller alltid adekvat behandling. Det finns flera väl beprövade bedömningsinstrument och evidensbaserade behandlingar för psykisk ohälsa men tillgängligheten till dessa är begränsad i primärvården.<br> <br> I avhandlingen ingår tre delstudier som är utförda inom ett större<br> forskningsprojekt, REGASSA, en randomiserad kontrollerad studie som<br> genomfördes under 2011-2014 i sex olika landstingen och regioner i Sverige och i samarbete med Karolinska institutet och Lunds universitet. Projektet finansierades delvis av medel från regeringen i en satsning för att utveckla effektiva behandlingsmetoder för patienter med smärta eller psykisk ohälsa. Målsättningen med projekten var minskad sjukfrånvaro och ökad arbetsförmåga. Syftet med REGASSA var att jämföra effekten av 12 veckor internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi (IKBT) och fysisk träning med sedvanlig behandling hos patienter med depression, ångest och stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet följdes upp med flera olika utfallsmått så som arbetsförmåga, sjukskrivning och depression.<br> <br> Fokus för mina studier har varit upprepade mätningar av psykologisk funktion,<br> stress och sömn hos patienterna i REGASSA. Data har samlats in via en<br> automatiserad telefonsvarsteknik, Interactive Voice Response (IVR) före, under<br> och efter behandlingen. Målsättningen var att öka kunskapen om patienternas<br> psykiska problem både under behandlingsförloppet och under uppföljningen<br> genom att mäta inte bara symptom utan andra viktiga områden som kan vara<br> påverkade vid depression så som relationer till andra, sociala funktion, förmåga att hantera stress och sömnsvårigheter. Målsättningen var vidare att jämföra resultaten av behandlingarna på dessa mått och utvärdera hur riskkonsumtion av alkohol påverkade dessa resultat. Ytterligare ett syfte var att få erfarenhet av att samla data med hjälp av en automatiserad teleteknik och därigenom kunna följa ett stort antal patienter med psykisk ohälsa i primärvården.<br> <br> Patienterna rekryterades via primärvården där de fick besvara en kort enkät om<br> depressiva symptom, PHQ-9. De som fick &gt; 9 poäng, hade goda kunskaper i<br> svenska språket och tillgång till internet bjöds in till studien. Patienterna gav sitt<br> skriftliga samtycke till att delta och besvarade ett antal frågeformulär däribland<br> MADRS för skattning av depression, EQ5D för skattning av hälsorelaterad<br> livskvalité och AUDIT-C för alkoholkonsumtion. Samtidigt registrerade<br> patienterna sitt ID nummer och telefonnummer i IVR för att besvara skattningar av psykologisk funktion med Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45), stress med<br> Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) och sömn med Karolinska sömnformulär (KSQ).<br> Därefter blev de slumpmässigt tilldelade ett av de tre behandlingsalternativen;<br> internetbaserad KBT, fysisk träning eller sedvanlig behandling i primärvården.<br> Patienter med svår psykisk sjukdom som krävde specialistvård, somatisk sjukdom som i sig krävde sjukskrivning, panikångest och alkoholberoende som primär diagnos exkluderades.<br> <br> REGASSA inkluderade 946 patienter och av dem registrerade sig 879 i IVR.<br> Övervägande andelen var kvinnor, 73 % och medelåldern var 43. Mer än hälften<br> hade en högre utbildning och ca 80 % arbetade eller studerade, endast 5 % var<br> sjukskrivna. Nästan alla uppfyllde kriterierna för depression och två tredjedelar av dem hade även en samsjuklighet med en eller flera ångeststörningar. En större andel, 14 %, hade en riskkonsumtion av alkohol jämfört med normalbefolkningen. Hälften hade en låg psykologisk funktion och sömnproblem och ca 70 % upplevde svårigheter att hantera stress.<br> <br> Studie I utgick från data insamlade innan behandlingen d v s vid baslinjen och<br> fokus var att utvärdera frågeformuläret OQ-45 som mäter psykologisk funktion.<br> Det består av ett övergripande generellt mått och tre delskalor, symptom,<br> interpersonella relationer och social rollfunktion. Syftet var att undersöka de<br> psykometriska egenskaperna hos den svenska versionen av OQ-45 men även<br> utvärdera ifall OQ-45 på ett unikt sätt kan bidra till att förstå patienternas<br> svårigheter. Resultatet visade att de psykometriska egenskaperna var goda för hela skalan av OQ-45 men svagare för delskalorna. OQ-45 helskala bidrog också på ett unikt sätt till att beskriva patienternas problem. Sammantaget visade studien att helskalan i OQ-45 som omfattar flera viktiga områden kan vara användbar både i forskning och i klinisk verksamhet.<br> <br> I studie II jämförde vi effekten av behandlingsalternativen IKBT och fysisk<br> träning med sedvanlig behandling på de upprepade mätningarna av psykologisk<br> funktion (OQ-45), stress (PSS) och sömn (KSQ). Hypotesen var att IKBT skulle<br> ge bättre effekt än fysisk träning och IKBT och fysisk träning skulle ge bättre<br> effekt än sedvanlig behandling. Mätningarna genomfördes via det automatiska<br> telefonsvarssystemet IVR. Vid sammanlagt 6 tillfällen t o m 12 månader efter<br> baslinjen blev patienterna uppringda av datorn för att besvara frågorna med hjälp av knappvalsteknik. Bortfallet av patienter blev efterhand ganska stort och vid 12 månader var det 25 % som besvarade frågorna.<br> <br> Resultaten visade att IKBT och fysisk träning gav bättre effekt på psykologisk<br> funktion och sömn än sedvanlig behandling. Däremot var det ingen skillnad i<br> effekt mellan IKBT och fysisk träning. Vad gäller stress fanns inga skillnader<br> mellan behandlingsalternativen; alla tre förbättrades. Beräkningar på OQ-45<br> visade att ca 60 % av patienterna i IKBT och fysisk träning hade blivit kliniskt<br> förbättrade i sin psykologiska funktion vid behandlingens avslut jämfört med 35 % i sedvanlig behandling. Andelen tillfrisknade vid 3 månader var i IKBT 30 %, i<br> fysisk träning 23 % och i sedvanlig behandling 15 %. Resultaten kvarstod vid 12<br> månader.<br> <br> I den tredje studien utvärderade vi ifall riskkonsumtion av alkohol påverkade<br> resultaten av psykologisk funktion, stress och sömn. Vid baslinjen var fler<br> riskkonsumenter män 18 % jämfört med 12 % kvinnor. Riskkonsumenterna hade<br> lägre psykologisk funktion och var mer deprimerade än övriga. Under<br> behandlingen och därefter fann vi att stress inte minskade lika mycket hos<br> riskkonsumenter. Patienter med riskkonsumtion av alkohol hade troligtvis mindre effekt av behandlingen jämfört med övriga. Vi fann ingen skillnad under förloppet mellan riskkonsumenter och icke-riskkonsumenter vad gällde psykologisk funktion och sömn.<br> <br> Studierna i denna avhandling visar att det går att mäta, följa och få resultat inom<br> flera områden som kan vara påverkade vid psykisk ohälsa. Outcome<br> Questionnaire-45 som mäter både symptom, interpersonella relationer och social funktion kan vara ett användbart instrument både i forskning och i klinisk<br> verksamhet.<br> <br> Insamlingen av data via ett automatiserat telefonsvarssystem, IVR, gjorde det<br> möjligt att följa en stor patientgrupp över tid. Framtida forskning kring<br> andvändningen av IVR behövs dock med fokus på frågor om följsamhet och<br> orsaker till bortfall.<br> <br> Studierna visar att internet-baserad KBT och fysisk träning är verksamma<br> behandlingsmetoder som med fördel kan erbjudas patienter i primärvården. Det<br> behövs dock fortsatt forskning kring internet-baserad KBT och fysisk träning vad<br> gäller individanpassade, generella eller diagnosspecifika program.<br> Studierna visar även att det är viktigt att fråga patienter i vården om deras<br> alkoholvanor då riskkonsumtion kan ha negativa effekter på psykisk ohälsa och<br> stressrelaterade besvär. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/26c510bc-0519-4862-b365-8db54e490c97 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21141089/Doctoral_thesis_Catharina_Strid.pdf application/pdf 2392497 no Lund University 2017-02-07 eng mental health problems primary care psychological function OQ-45 stress sleep Interactive Voice Response depression Internet-based CBT physical exercise hazardous drinking psykisk ohälsa primärvården psykologisk funktion OQ-45 stress sömn Interactive Voice Response depression Internet-baserad KBT fysisk träning riskkonsumtion av alkohol Psychology 978-91-7753-176-0 978-91-7753-177-7 2017-03-03T13:00:00+01:00 26c510bc-0519-4862-b365-8db54e490c97 2017-02-07T10:14:22+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-02-07T10:14:22+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:31b25873-c7a6-4583-a3ea-26efb1f04fbd 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17 i Lund. 1 Roshanak Ghazanfari author 5b378817-6942-48a7-b1af-4288bb20198c Stefan Scheding supervisor b8c68252-4edb-4943-91b2-0d2390c2f3b9 Jonas Larsson supervisor 80f56c0d-5de5-4888-9fea-00c87f2e6185 Gunnar Juliusson supervisor 72ac8d1d-2778-4711-aa57-fe665704f017 professor Dirk Strunk opponent Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Division of Molecular Hematology (DMH) v1000550 department StemTherapy: National Initiative on Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy v1001247 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/31b25873-c7a6-4583-a3ea-26efb1f04fbd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21141109/Roshanak_Ghazanfari_kappa.pdf application/pdf 830996 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21141112/Paper_1.pdf application/pdf 11544584 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21141114/Paper_2.pdf application/pdf 5634666 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21141116/Paper_3.pdf application/pdf 17661092 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Mesenchymal stem cells Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-411-9 78 2017-03-03T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:30 31b25873-c7a6-4583-a3ea-26efb1f04fbd 2017-02-07T11:08:44+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:18Z 2017-02-07T11:08:44+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:db7cf0b7-f3ac-4693-9596-f3ee59426b84 2026-03-13T09:30:47Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Noura Alkhalili author 17024bb9-38fa-4c76-a704-6f45fd79e77e Guy Baeten supervisor af122342-b1a3-4ac8-8509-fe6d51742419 Andreas Malm supervisor 4b7fa7d4-0cb4-423a-a783-11c920a6d868 Senior Lecturer Adam Hanieh opponent SOAS University of London Department of Human Geography v1000678 department This thesis delves into two ‘edge areas’ located in and around East Jerusalem. It attempts to unfold and analyze the dynamics in these edge areas, while investigating the agency of the people present there through their own perceptions and practices towards the land, the urbanization processes, the power circulation and the structural impositions. Squeezed by a settler-colonial domination that continuously encroaches further on their lives, the Palestinians, in return, seek to carve out a space for their own enduring presence on the land. That pursuit combines elements of sumud (steadfastness) and adaptation, tenacity and accommodation, actions that sometimes subvert the occupation and some other times submit to its logic. The thesis traces the contradiction between a proliferating ethos of individual enrichment and the remaining collective culture of political struggle. It also scrutinizes the ways that Palestinians move between those poles as always conditioned by the pressure from the overarching structure of settler-colonial domination. Furthermore, the thesis examines how certain structural patterns are unconsciously reproduced by the agents of these specific areas, even when their intention and desire could be to resist them. The thesis argues that East Jerusalem should be approached from the theory of settler-colonial hegemony. Thus, these areas are the by-products of the settler-colonial domination present in East Jerusalem, intentionally assembled by the Israeli authorities as<br/>“containers” that collect undesired Palestinian Jerusalemites, while leaving them trapped in a state of permanent temporariness. This situation has developed gradually through the construction of the separation wall, so as to further enhance the systematic displacement of the Palestinian Jerusalemites and achieve the Judaization of Jerusalem. The thesis claims that acts of resistance and accommodation of certain colonial practices have the inclination to collide and interact with each other, and hence obfuscate the demarcation between them. This dynamic has been unpacked through coining the concept ‘enclosures from below’. The thesis aims to contribute to scholarship on Palestine and provide a detailed analysis that could feed into a<br/>wider analysis of the dynamics of settler-colonialism, as well as inform Palestinian strategies in the ongoing struggle for liberation. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/db7cf0b7-f3ac-4693-9596-f3ee59426b84 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25656472/PhD_thesis_Noura_Alkhalili.pdf application/pdf 2531689 no Lund University 2017-05-16 eng Palestine Jerusalem Edge Areas Settler-Colonialism Refugee Camp Resistance submission Enclosures from Below Land Urbanization Palestina Jerusalem Flyktingläger Bosättare kolonialism Motstånd Underkastelse Urbanisering Human Geography 978-91-7753-291-0 978-91-7753-292-7 18 188 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25657036/Article_I_Alkhalili.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25657038/Article_II_Alkhalili.pdf application/pdf 2017-06-09T13:15:00+02:00 db7cf0b7-f3ac-4693-9596-f3ee59426b84 2017-05-17T12:34:57+02:00 2026-03-13T09:30:47Z 2017-05-17T12:34:57+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cd85be5f-26a0-45b3-b661-1bc401bedf4b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Niclas Lavesson author d5e8a97b-c124-42bc-a076-c8a4b773c96a Martin Andersson supervisor 29d4befa-3770-454b-b028-1c5cff8c242c Thomas Niedomysl supervisor 20930e46-3c6e-4356-8b68-0f84fea73627 Docent Olof Stjernström opponent Umeå university CIRCLE v1001228 department Department of Human Geography v1000678 department A massive population growth in cities is currently being witnessed in most countries around the world. As urban populations grow, cities eventually expand geographically into what was considered countryside and nowadays distinguishing between what is city and what is countryside is getting increasingly difficult. In many Western countries, it is being observed that areas near cities seem to capitalize from urban proximity by experiencing strong growth in population and employment. By contrast, remotely located areas appear to be in fast decline, observed not least in the ongoing trend of rural depopulation. In the European context, and more specifically in Sweden, research is relatively scarce on these issues. The aim of this thesis is to examine rural–urban interdependencies and the role of cities in rural growth. <br/><br/>Over the last decades, having spatial linkages with cities appears to have increased in importance for rural areas. Much can be learned from studying how interdependencies with nearby cities influence rural growth. Increased knowledge on the topic may be useful, not least in formulating policies aiming at, for example, increasing rural employment and counteracting rural depopulation. <br/><br/>The findings in the thesis strongly suggest that interdependencies with nearby urban centers are not necessarily positive. In fact, it is shown that proximity to urban centers of any size is detrimental to local employment growth and entrepreneurship in rural Sweden. Rewards from urban proximity are only visible from interdependencies with the largest urban centers. This suggests that there is a threshold of urban (population) size that needs to be reached for positive agglomeration spillovers to outweigh adverse effects following from urban proximity, for example from urban competition for local jobs, consumers and rural resources in general. Importantly, though, there is a significant heterogeneity in relationships across space. Implicitly, this means that a change that would be positive in one place may be very negative in another.<br/><br/>A strong positive association is also observed between rural-to-urban commuting and rural employment growth. Therefore, it is concluded that increasing rural-to-urban commuting could be a way to achieve growth in the countryside. Also, stimulating urban employment growth could be a way for rural areas to maintain and perhaps even grow their local population. This follows from the observation that rural residents increasingly are engaging in rural-to-urban commuting and that the common pathway into this type of commuting is from rural residents changing to urban places of work. These are also individuals who are younger and better educated than their rural neighbors and contribute more than average rural workers to the local economy, by enhancing tax incomes or strengthening local purchasing power. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cd85be5f-26a0-45b3-b661-1bc401bedf4b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25611085/Lavesson_2017.pdf application/pdf 1427496 no Lund University 2017 eng Stad-land samspel entreprenörskap nyföretagande Stad Landsbygd pendling långpendling stad-land pendling urban integration stadsintegration Rural-urban interdependencies entrepreneurship long-distance commuting rural-to-urban commuting rural firm start-ups necessity entrepreneurship opportunity entrepreneurship Sweden regional growth Social and Economic Geography Economic Geography 978-91-7753-321-4 978-91-7753-322-1 17 210 2017-06-08T10:15:00+02:00 cd85be5f-26a0-45b3-b661-1bc401bedf4b 2017-05-17T15:30:39+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-17T15:30:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:836c5137-3a11-4fa2-94ce-d5ca75bad22c 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Maria Mossberg author d198239d-aa14-4f9f-87b1-09783dfcf9da Diana Karpman supervisor d1e6810c-2936-460f-a77a-e57a0295dd7a Mårten Segelmark supervisor 4e065daf-204d-4afe-994d-ad54279f81e3 Robin Kahn supervisor 439ef3dd-b898-4178-94f0-87f0ed60273b professor Paul Brogan opponent Institute of Child Health, UCL. London Paediatrics (Lund) v1000473 department Pediatric Nephrology v1001058 department Pediatric Nephrology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/836c5137-3a11-4fa2-94ce-d5ca75bad22c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25612343/Kappan.pdf application/pdf 3004920 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Vasculitis, microvesicles, kinin system, complement system, chemotaxis, receptor-transfer Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-472-0 82 2017-06-07T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:92 836c5137-3a11-4fa2-94ce-d5ca75bad22c 2017-05-17T17:58:32+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-17T17:58:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:54ec1bb1-b3e9-478b-a832-b8d5ae2d4039 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssalen, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, Skånes univeritetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Lisa Lindström author ba6f52d8-3563-459c-9ad9-5b7f3a09d73f Maria Alvarado-Kristensson supervisor 5868ae68-e769-40f8-b565-ec37e67e707e Roger Olsson supervisor 6f063150-76d2-4106-8b0b-31700bf8d791 professor Andreas Merdes opponent Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Molecular Pathology, Malmö v1000582 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Molecular Pathology, Malmö research group Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and treatment regime is dependent on type and location of the tumor. Several of the commonly used chemotherapeutics target the functions of the microtubules. One of the major problems with these drugs is the adverse effects associated with their use. Another problem many of the chemotherapeutics today face is resistance. Therefore there is a constant need for development of new drugs in the fight against cancer. Many tumors achieve independent growth by carrying mutations in the retinoblastoma (pRB) signaling pathway. It has been shown that reduced protein levels of nuclear gamma-tubulin in tumor cells lacking pRB expression induce cell death. Consequently inhibiton of gamma-tubulin might be used as a new strategy for therapy of pRB-negative tumors with fewer side-effects.<br/><br/>The aim of this thesis was to evaluate gamma-tubulins’ potential as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of tumors with a deregulated pRB and to characterize the gamma-tubulin meshwork. We searched for compounds that specifically interfere with the nuclear activity of gamma-tubulin and the effect of the substances were studied in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Among the tested substances we found one, citral dimethyl acetal (CDA), that was specific for gamma-tubulin. CDA caused cell death in cell lines with non-functional pRB and reduced tumor growth in a mice xenograft model. We also showed that CDA interact with gamma-tubulin at the amino acid cysteine 13 at the GTPase domain of gamma-tubulin. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to develop new chemotherapeutics that target the nuclear activity of gamma-tubulin and give rise to fewer side-effects.<br/><br/>We also observed that gamma-tubulin form a meshwork in cells that connects the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. The network is important in mitosis during formation of the nuclear envelope (NE) where it is responsible for recruitment of the lamina to the chromatin. We also observed that gamma-tubulin form cytosolic tubules together with several other proteins, including GCP2, GCP3, GCP6 and pericentrin. The gamma-tubulin meshwork also interacts with the mitochondria. In addition, we provide evidence for that the gamma-tubulin GTPase domain is involved in regulation of mitochondria organization and homeostasis.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/54ec1bb1-b3e9-478b-a832-b8d5ae2d4039 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25659825/Lisa_Lindstr_m_KAPPAN_inkl._omslag.pdf application/pdf 4352445 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Gamma-tubulin retinoblastoma nuclear formation meshwork mitochondria homeostasis Basic Medicine Biological Sciences 978-91-7619-468-3 58 2017-06-09T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:88 54ec1bb1-b3e9-478b-a832-b8d5ae2d4039 2017-05-18T20:48:39+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-18T20:48:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3765fb92-5681-4506-9f8e-8ae17420329b 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal F3, Blocket, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Jan Nilsson author 1b889bb6-e105-4b5d-8120-e1e68e165acd Christian Sturesson supervisor 06552b10-297a-424f-acec-44113e61f2a8 Roland Andersson supervisor f0eb48cc-f058-43f4-97b0-6614a71ff984 professor Eduard Jonas opponent University of Cape Town and Groote Shuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa Surgery (Lund) v1000466 department Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery v1000974 department Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery research group Background &amp; Aims: Primary liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. In the western world, the majority of liver malignancies consist of colorectal metastases. Liver resection is the primary treatment for cure in liver tumor disease. Hepatic injuries such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which could be a consequence of chronic liver disease and preoperative chemotherapy treatment, has negative impact on liver surgery. There is a need for an intraoperative tool for identification and quantification of these forms of liver damage.<br> The general aim of this thesis was to evaluate methods for intraoperative liver parenchyma characterization and investigate if liver damage could be detected with these methods. In addition, the influence of chemotherapy on liver regeneration and incisional hernia incidence was investigated.<br> Patients &amp; methods: In study I, intraoperative sidestream dark-field imaging microcirculation measurements were performed on 40 patients before and after liver resection. In study II, intraoperative laser speckle contrast imaging measurements of liver microcirculation were performed on 10 patients. In study III, ex vivo diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements on excised liver tissue from 18 patients were performed. In study IV, intraoperative surface diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements were performed on 40 liver tumor patients. In study V, radiological liver volume measurements on 74 patients operated with a major liver resection were performed. In study VI, 256 patients’ computed tomography scans were reviewed for the presence of incisional hernia.<br> Results &amp; Conclusions: Liver resection leads to an increase in red blood cell velocity in the sinusoids. Patients with liver parenchymal damage have higher red blood cell velocity, lesser functional sinusoidal density and larger sinusoidal diameter. Laser speckle contrast imaging can potentially be used to achieve non-contact intraoperative hepatic microcirculation measurements but problems with movement artifacts need to be resolved. Surface diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements are descriptive for the entire liver and it is possible to perform measurements across the liver capsule. Liver surface diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements enable intraoperative steatosis grade evaluation with explicit distinction between mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe steatosis. Volume regeneration after a major liver resection is negatively affected by preoperative chemotherapy treatment in patients with colorectal liver metastases. The time interval between the ending of chemotherapy and operation is crucial for the power of this impact. Incisional hernia location after an extended right subcostal incision is almost exclusively in the midline. Risk factors for incisional hernia are prolonged preoperative chemotherapy, preoperative bevacizumab, and previous incisional hernia. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3765fb92-5681-4506-9f8e-8ae17420329b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25698568/e_spik_Jan_Nilsson.pdf application/pdf 8128801 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng colorectal liver metastases liver regeneration incisional hernia steatosis hepatic microcirculation diffuse reflectance spectroscopy DRS sidestream dark-field imaging SDF laser speckle contrast imaging LSCI Surgery 978-91-7619-478-2 101 2017-06-16T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:98 3765fb92-5681-4506-9f8e-8ae17420329b 2017-05-19T08:34:55+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-19T08:34:55+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c25319ec-d5a2-49a7-997b-b3b06a8ec9de 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall F, Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Sheetal Sisodiya author b812521b-f676-48d4-a9eb-88ca93fb217a Ola Wendt supervisor 7b9a947e-1e3d-468b-aeed-edb070ad220e Joachim Schnadt supervisor 93143dbf-dd26-4bf0-98e6-bea0c9854d5c Associate Professor Susanne Mossin opponent DTU Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department Supported gold nanoparticles are emerging as an important class of catalysts for various organic transformations due to their tunable properties. This thesis embraces the fundamental studies of supported gold nanoparticles for different organic reactions from the viewpoint of understanding the role of synthesis methods, nature of carriers, and addition of second metal on the properties and functions of gold catalysts. The catalysts are synthesised by different routes, namely: deposition-precipitation, incipient wetness impregnation, and sol-immobilisation, and characterised ex situ by techniques such as X-ray fluorescence, N2 sorption, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and various types of electron microscopy. The reactions investigated include: (i) Sonogashira coupling, which is a unique method for the cross coupling between sp and sp2 or sp3 carbon atoms;<br/>(ii) epoxidation of styrene to styrene oxide; (iii) oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone; and (iv) oxidative cross coupling of non-activated arenes. All these transformations lead to important intermediates which have numerous applications in polymer, perfume and/or pharmaceutical industries. In Sonogashira coupling of phenylacetylene and iodobenzene over Au/CeO2, Au/TiO2, and Au/Al2O3 catalysts, impact of synthesis routes, nature of support and Au particle size was studied. It is found that the catalysts prepared by deposition-precipitation lead to higher activity than their analogues obtained by incipient impregnation method due to a better dispersion and smaller size (4-15 nm) of gold particles on the former than the latter. In addition, redox (CeO2, TiO2) supports are more active than non-redox (Al2O3) carrier. Evaluation of gold nanoparticles supported on mesoporous materials (MCM-41, SBA-15, KIT-6 and fumed SiO2) in styrene epoxidation demonstrates Au/MCM-41 as the best system, due to its smallest Au size (ca. 3 nm), leading to full styrene conversion in 10 h with 96% styrene oxide selectivity. This is the best performance reported for these types of catalysts to date. Still, the attainment of full selectivity was not possible by above systems and thus the bimetallic Au-Pd nanoalloy supported in TiO2 was investigated in styrene oxidation, which enables full conversion with 99% selectivity to styrene oxide in 12 h due to electronic interactions between Au and Pd. This study marks the first application of Au-Pd in styrene epoxidation. Besides, the Au-Pd/TiO2 catalyst also shows good activity in ethylbenzene oxidation. Oxidative cross coupling of bromoanisole with benzene is studied over Au/ZrO2, Au/TiO2, and Au/Al2O3, where the former leads to the best productivity of cross coupled product due to the combination of smaller gold nanoparticles and redox nature of support. Overall, these studies suggest that the attainment of superior performance on supported gold nanoparticle catalysts relies on the appropriate choice of support, catalyst preparation route, and/or addition of second metal that could interact with<br/>gold. “Catalysis” is a field of science that relates to the increase of the rate of a chemical<br/>reaction through the involvement of an additional substance, known as “catalyst”,<br/>which acts without being consumed. Among all known types, heterogeneous catalysis, where the catalyst is in different phase than the reactants, plays a pivotal role in the sustainable development of the modern society with its dominance through catalysing more than 80% of industrial chemical processes.<br/>Recently, “supported gold nanoparticles”, inorganic composite materials in which<br/>nano-sized gold particles are carried on solid carriers such as metal oxides, have<br/>emerged as an important class of catalysts enabling to attain superior selectivities<br/>and yields of the desired products compared to previously known systems. One of<br/>the key features of gold catalysts involve its adaptable properties, tuned through<br/>the application of modern synthesis tools, carriers of different natures, and/or<br/>combining gold with other metals, making them suitable to catalyse a number of<br/>important organic reactions.<br/>In this thesis, supported gold nanoparticle catalysts are investigated for organic<br/>reactions, viz. Sonogashira cross coupling, styrene oxidation, ethylbenzene<br/>oxidation, and oxidative cross coupling, which are useful in pharmaceutical,<br/>perfume, polymer, and cosmetics industries. Through the precision synthesis,<br/>advanced characterisation, and catalytic evaluations, synthesis-structure-activity<br/>relationships are established, which helped to develop a fundamental understanding of gold catalysis in these reactions and enabled to design superior gold-based catalysts leading to better performance than those reported previously. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c25319ec-d5a2-49a7-997b-b3b06a8ec9de https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25700601/PhD_thesis_Sheetal_Sisodiya.pdf application/pdf 4823561 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis 2017-05 eng Gold nanoparticles coupling reaction styrene epoxidation bimetallic nanoparticle supported gold nanoparticle Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-533-4 978-91-7422-534-1 156 2017-06-15T09:15:00+02:00 c25319ec-d5a2-49a7-997b-b3b06a8ec9de 2017-05-19T10:39:45+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-19T10:39:45+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:071adcc3-c6a4-4115-8dab-22fd3045ff44 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Ruimin Ge author 34517711-b9b0-4153-96d8-253c5c53af5a Zaal Kokaia supervisor 01fd2021-00ad-42b9-b13d-f11c15ac098d Olle Lindvall supervisor 22158db9-d9e0-420a-b01a-7916f88b773b Henrik Ahlenius supervisor 02c14288-acdf-4dc3-96d5-5007b0e75a81 professor Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas opponent University of Copenhagen, Denmark Neural stem cell biology and therapy v1000454 department Neurology, Lund v1000451 department Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology v1001032 department StemTherapy: National Initiative on Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy v1001247 department Neural stem cell biology and therapy research group Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology research group Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, there is no treatment that can promote recovery in the chronic phase. It has been shown that neurogenesis occurs in ischemic striatum in rodents and probably also in humans. Moreover, blood-borne macrophages have been found to enhance spontaneous post- stroke recovery in mice. These findings have suggested potential new targets to improve functional restoration after stroke.<br/> In this thesis, we first showed that inflammation without neuronal loss is sufficient to trigger striatal neurogenesis comparable to that after stroke, indicating that inflammation might be the main inducer of post-stroke striatal neurogenesis. Using microarray on sorted microglia from subventricular zone (SVZ) and striatum, several factors were identified that potentially could regulate different steps of striatal neurogenesis after stroke. Some of the identified factors have previously been reported to regulate neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) proliferation or differentiation. We examined in some detail one factor, Cxcl13, and found that it promotes neuroblasts migration in vitro. Next, we provided evidence that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) can take the choroid plexus (CP)-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) route for infiltration into the brain after cortical stroke. We found that in vitro-derived anti-inflammatory (M2-like) MDM delivered into CSF migrate into ischemic cortex, maintain their M2-like phenotype, and most importantly, improve recovery of motor and cognitive function in stroke-subjected mice without influencing infarct volume. These findings highlight the crucial role of inflammatory cells, such as microglia and macrophages, in post-stroke cellular plasticity and functional recovery.<br/> We also explored another approach for cell delivery into the brain using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived long-term neuroepithelial-like stem (lt-<br/>NES) cells. Following our previous findings that transplantation of these cells and their derivatives promotes post-stroke motor function recovery, we showed that stroke<br/>influences the migration and axonal projection pattern of iPSC-derived lt-NES cells implanted adjacent to the neurogenic SVZ. These data indicate that the occurrence of ischemic injury strongly affects crucial parameters in the behavior of transplanted neural progenitors, which will be important to consider in a potential, future clinical translation. Finally, by combining immunoelectron microscopy, rabies virus-based trans-synaptic tracing, in vivo electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic techniques, we for the first time showed that neurons derived from transplanted iPSC-derived lt-NES cells receive functional synaptic inputs from host neurons located in the appropriate brain areas, e.g. ventral thalamus, after stroke. We demonstrated that tactile stimulation of nose and paws can activate or inhibit spontaneous activity in grafted neurons, providing evidence that they can become incorporated into injured cortical circuitry. Since we have found that transplanted M2-like MDM promote post-stroke recovery, possibly by modulating neuronal circuit plasticity, it seems highly warranted to examine whether delivery of M2-like MDM would further enhance the integration of neurons generated from grafted iPSC-derived lt-NES cells in the stroke model.<br/> Taken together, our findings raise the possibility that modulation of inflammatory mechanisms, delivery of M2-like MDM and transplantation of neurons generated from iPSC-derived lt-NES cells might become of value in future therapeutic approaches for improved functional recovery in stroke patients. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/071adcc3-c6a4-4115-8dab-22fd3045ff44 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25702481/Thesis_for_print_Without_papers.pdf application/pdf 1486529 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-488-1 64 2017-06-12T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:106 071adcc3-c6a4-4115-8dab-22fd3045ff44 2017-05-19T12:30:57+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:31Z 2017-05-19T12:30:57+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:aae3ae9a-445b-4370-a312-12d0d61fd599 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall, floor 3, Department of Oncology and Radiation, Klinikgatan 5, Skåne University Hospital, Lund. 1 Beatriz Arenaz Bua author 52e2e186-bf1b-4db4-a9a8-b5e78f9f0edd Roland Rydell supervisor d9d678c0-09ad-4c45-b182-a31cbc4487a0 Ulla Westin supervisor b2bfc5e4-d34a-47df-a18e-893aa3a3582d Rolf Olsson supervisor 2658400c-c0fb-4bd8-b999-75976a7d1650 Margareta Bülow supervisor 8f8c39f0-33c8-40b6-8347-ec02ee9208db Docent Per-Åke Lindestad opponent Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology v1000449 department Otorhinolaryngology (Lund) v1000461 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/aae3ae9a-445b-4370-a312-12d0d61fd599 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25707390/Final_G5_Beatriz_C_1_.pdf application/pdf 5275749 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) Tracheoesophageal speech Dysphagia total laryngectomy (TL) cricopharyngeal dysfunction Sydney Swallow Questionnaire Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-481-2 60 2017-06-09T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:101 aae3ae9a-445b-4370-a312-12d0d61fd599 2017-05-19T20:19:53+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:20Z 2017-05-19T20:19:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7f3dab21-597a-41ea-827a-4de6f0717c7b 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kvinnoklinikens aula, Skånes Universitetssjukhus Malmö 1 Sara Halldén author cdd264dc-48e9-4e64-bf05-b98e1cfd7c1d Olle Melander supervisor 708de71a-2d3c-4937-92fc-7768da5dab4c Viktor Hamrefors supervisor 878dedd5-3c88-40e4-8ec5-0ff64b0db367 Marketa Sjögren supervisor 907ef82d-014c-4626-b41a-5c6bd92aa756 Professor Stig Egil Bojesen opponent Department of Clinical Chemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen Cardiovascular Research - Hypertension v1000523 department Cardiovascular Research - Hypertension research group GENERAL AIM: To investigate prognostic markers identifying smokers with increased risk of smoking-related diseases in the population. <br/>BACKGROUND: Gene variance in the BDNF- respectively CHRNA-gene has been implicated in different smoking behaviours and the risk alleles have also demonstrated an additional risk increase of smoking-related diseases. The Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a cancer biomarker that is also affected by active smoking. <br/>AIMS: To replicate the associations between the genotypes of BDNF and CHRNA with smoking phenotypes and to test if the genotypes predicted events from tobacco-related diseases. To investigate the association between smokers and HE4 and to test if altered HE4 could predict future events of smoking-related mortality and morbidity in the population (Study III) or 90-day mortality (Study IV) in an acute setting.<br/>SUBJECTS: Study I and II was based on the prospective, population-based cohort study of Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS)(n=30 447), and study III, on the sub-study MDC-Cardiovascular cohort (MDC-CC) (n=6102). In paper IV, a population presenting with acute dyspne at the emergency department of Malmö was investigated, ADYS (n= 963).<br/>METHODS: Genotyping of the two polymorphisms, rs4923461 (BDNF) and rs1051730 (CHRNA) was performed in MDCS and correlated to smoking behaviour. In all four studies, participants were stratified according to smoking status and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the correlations of the polymorphisms or the levels of HE4 to outcomes during follow-up. <br/>RESULTS: The associations with smoking behaviour were confirmed for both genotypes. In current smokers, the risk alleles of BDNF and CHRNA significantly predicted all-cause mortality. CHRNA also predicted a higher risk of incident smoking-related diseases. No associations were seen in never smokers. In MDC-CC, HE4-levels were distinctly elevated in current smokers but not in the ADYS-population. In MDC-CC, elevated HE4 predicted all-cause mortality irrespective of smoking status and in ADYS, HE4 strongly predicted 90-day mortality regardless of underlying disease or smoking status.<br/>CONCLUSION: Gene variance of BDNF and CHRNA have impact on smoking behaviour and predicts an increased risk of smoking-related complications in smokers. Plasma levels of HE4 predicts mortality in a long- and short-term perspective and may be used as a disease risk marker in smokers and possibly also in non-smokers. In the future, genotype of BDNF and CHRNA polymorphisms and HE4 levels may be helpful in identifying patients with a higher risk of complications. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7f3dab21-597a-41ea-827a-4de6f0717c7b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25838502/Sara_Hallden.pdf application/pdf 4992993 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Smoking, nicotine dependence, GWAS, SNP, prediction, CVD, cancer, COPD, prevention, biomarkers, HE4, dyspnea Health Sciences 978-91-7619-483-6 92 2017-06-08T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:103 7f3dab21-597a-41ea-827a-4de6f0717c7b 2017-05-22T09:56:43+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z 2017-05-22T09:56:43+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c6101624-eee6-4d32-82a9-bff6309cbf54 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall G, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Zhiwei Chang author fd7a6b49-e4ce-45db-a19a-89ce30223d73 Bertil Halle supervisor 264ec1fa-e898-4d93-bfe0-aa01139e44c9 Professor Emeritus Jozef Kowalewski opponent Stockholm University Biophysical Chemistry v1000649 department In complex biological systems (e.g. gels, cross-linked proteins and biological tissues), the longitudinal spin relaxation of water protons is primarily induced by exchange-mediated orientational randomization (EMOR) of intra- and intermolecular magnetic dipole-dipole couplings. The chemical exchange processes that dominate the magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) typically occur on a time scale of microseconds or longer, where the conventional perturbation theory of spin relaxation breaks down. In this thesis, we have systematically studied water proton MRD in different immobilized model spin systems corresponding to different exchange cases. In the study of a dipolecoupled<br/>spin-1/2 pair which exchanges with bulk water proton spins, we presented the first treatment of dipolar MRD outside the motional-narrowing regime based on the stochastic Liouville equation for the EMOR mechanism. Moreover, we obtained simple analytical expressions which generalize the well-known Solomon equations. Then we studied the asymmetric exchange case for the two-spin system, when the spin system is fragmented by the exchange. Some new and unexpected phenomena showed up in this case. Notably, the anisotropic dipole couplings of nonexchanging spins break the axial symmetry in spin Liouville space, thereby opening up new relaxation channels in the locally anisotropic sites, including longitudinal-transverse cross relaxation. Such cross-mode relaxation operates only at low fields; at higher fields it becomes nonsecular, leading to an unusual inverted relaxation dispersion that splits<br/>the extreme-narrowing regime into two sub-regimes. Then we extended our studies to a macromolecule-bound threespin system, where one, two, or all three spins exchange with the bulk solution phase. In contrast to the previously<br/>studied two-spin system with a single dipole coupling, there are now three dipole couplings so relaxation is affected by distinct correlations as well as by self-correlations. Moreover, relaxation can now couple the magnetizations with threespin modes and, in the presence of a static dipole coupling, with two-spin modes. In another study of the three-spin system in which the relaxation is induced by rotational diffusion, we calculated longitudinal relaxation rate of this model system in arbitrary geometry and with arbitrary rotational dynamics. In this study, we found that the odd-valued spectral density function influences longitudinal relaxation, which is at variance with conventional wisdom. Based on<br/>these studies, we have constructed a multi-spin dipolar EMOR relaxation theory based on stochastic Redfield equations with generalizations. This theory yields a quantitative molecular description of tissue-water relaxation and thus provides a rigorous link between relaxation-based magnetic resonance image contrast and molecular parameters.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c6101624-eee6-4d32-82a9-bff6309cbf54 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25838848/ZhiweiChang_thesis_final.pdf application/pdf 9787023 no 1 Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2017-05-22 eng spin relaxation theory immobilized macromolecules magnetic relaxation dispersion integral longitudinal relaxation rate stochastic Liouville equations multi-spin systems cross-mode relaxation spectral density functions Natural Sciences Biophysics 978-91-7422-531-0 978-91-7422-532-7 378 2017-06-16T09:15:00+02:00 c6101624-eee6-4d32-82a9-bff6309cbf54 2017-05-22T10:17:50+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-22T10:17:50+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:47a9db71-d0af-4299-bd0d-966170f9690a 2026-02-02T11:03:39Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörmander lecture hall (MH:C), Matematikcentrum, Sölvegatan 18A, Lund 1 Eskil Rydhe author 053eeb3c-b130-4651-a8cf-9958452bfe12 Sandra Pott supervisor 902297f0-2036-4fd5-87f6-40c46f0f1bbc Professor Christian Le Merdy opponent Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France Mathematics (Faculty of Sciences) v1000666 department Harmonic Analysis and Applications project This thesis considers differentiation of non-negative, fractional order, composed with Hardy spacetype<br/>Hankel operators. H²-boundedness is characterized in terms of a reproducing kernel thesis.<br/>The setting of operator-valued symbols is considered, in which H²-boundedness is characterized in<br/>terms of Carleson embeddings, provided that the order of differentiation is strictly positive. Some<br/>new results are deduced for the zeroth order. The complexity of the Carleson embedding conditions<br/>is demonstrated by means of examples. Natural corresponding factorization theorems are proved.<br/>Some results are phrased in terms of control theory. An attempt is made at describing Hilbert space<br/>contraction semigroups which can be modeled by a weighted backward shift. Vi föreställer oss en metallstav som hettats upp till en, låt oss säga inhomogen,temperatur. Vi föreställer oss också att staven är isolerad runtom, men inte iändpunkterna. Om vi sänker ned staven i en stor bassäng med nollgradigt vattenså kommer termisk energi att lämna staven genom dess ändar. Därmed svalnarstaven, och till slut kommer den att ha samma temperatur som den omgivandebassängen.<br/>Om vi anger positioner på staven med en koordinat 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, och låtert beteckna den tid som passerat sedan staven nedsänktes i vattnet, så beskrivstemperaturen T vid varje t ≥ 0 av en funktion f_t(x).<br/>Den svalnande stången modelleras med fördel som ett (lineärt) system. Ettcentralt antagande inom naturvetenskaperna är att om tillståndet hos ett systemvid ett givet tillfälle är känt, så är det (åtminstone teoretiskt) möjligt att förutsäga systemets tillstånd vid alla senare tillfällen. Den svalnande stångens tillstånd vid tiden t = 0 beskrivs av temperaturfunktionen f₀. Enbart utifrån f₀ bör vi alltså kunna bestämma f_t för varje t &gt; 0. En matematisk formulering av detta är att det för varje t &gt; 0 ska finnas en avbildning H(t) som avbildar temperaturen vid tiden 0 på temperaturen vid tiden t, dvs. H(t)f₀ = f_t.<br/>Familjen (H(t))_t≥0 är ett exempel på en så kallad semigrupp. En semigruppkan sägas vara den matematiska beskrivningen av hur ett system utvecklar sig över tid.<br/>Ett exempel på ett abstrakt system som utvecklar sig över tid är följande: Giveten funktion f definierad för x ≥ 0 så kan vi definiera(S(t)f)(x) = f(x - t) för t ≤ x, och 0 för 0 ≤ x &lt; t. Verkan av S(t) är att grafen y = f(x) förskjuts t längdenheter åt höger.<br/>Semigruppen (S(t))_t≥0 kallas för högerskiftsemigruppen. Denna kan framståbåde som mycket enkel och som artificiell, men har visat sig vara synnerligen viktig, eftersom en stor klass av semigrupper låter sig beskrivas enbart i termer av högerskiftsemigruppen. På matematiska heter det att högerskiftsemigruppen är en universalmodell för klassen av fullständigt ickeunitära semigrupper.<br/>Ett sätt att studera system är att försöka bestämma hela tillståndet hos systemet.Detta kan vara svårt, och ger samtidigt ofta betydligt mer information än vad som är intressant. För att återvända till exemplet med den svalnande stången så är det kanske av intresse att känna till temperaturen i en given punkt, eller värmeflödet ut ur stången. Om vi väljer att studera en sådan enklare egenskap hos systemet så kallas detta för att vi observerar systemet. För varje typ av observation finns det en avbildning C som avbildar ett tillstånd, beskrivet av en funktion f_t, på ett tal Cf_t motsvarande den storhet som observeras.<br/>Den så kallade observationsoperatorn C är ett matematiskt objekt, och kan somsådant definieras rent matematiskt, dvs. utan koppling till verkligheten. Ett problem inom matematisk systemteori är att vissa matematiskt definierade observationsoperatorer beter sig mycket illa. Motsvarande observationer kallas för icke tillåtna.<br/>Det är av intresse att på förhand kunna avgöra om en avbildning motsvarar entillåten observation. Det är särskilt intressant att förstå vilka observationer som är tillåtna för systemet vars utveckling beskrivs av högerskiftsemigruppen, eftersom detta också kan ge information om vilka observationer som är tillåtna för andra system.<br/>Ett sätt att avgöra vilka observationer som är tillåtna för högerskiftsemigruppenär att studera så kallade Hankeloperatorer Γ_c: Betrakta ett plan i rummet, ochlåt f vara en punkt i detta plan. Ortsvektorn för f vrids enligt en regel som berorpå C. Den nya vektorn ~f projiceras därefter tillbaka på planet i vilket vi började. En Hankeloperator Γ_c kan sägas vara en oändligtdimensionell analogtill den beskrivna proceduren. Förutom en liten avstickare mot universalmodellerför klasser of semigrupper så handlar denna avhandling väsentligen om operatorer av Hankelliknande typ. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/47a9db71-d0af-4299-bd0d-966170f9690a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25839666/main_kopia_1_.pdf application/pdf 449444 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Centre for Mathematical Sciences 2017-05 eng Carleson embeddings complex analysis control theory functional models Hankel operators harmonic analysis operator theory Triebel–Lizorkin spaces vector-valued analytic functions Mathematical Analysis 978-91-7623-946-9 978-91-7623-947-6 206 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25839664/600cover.jpg image/jpeg 2017-06-16T13:15:00+02:00 47a9db71-d0af-4299-bd0d-966170f9690a 2017-05-22T11:27:04+02:00 2026-02-02T11:03:39Z 2017-05-22T11:27:04+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b41f9923-019f-4db7-b424-8a5aa66f6799 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall A213, Biology building A, Sölvegatan 35, Lund 1 Jonas Håkansson author 8aaf6d63-69f1-4dc1-bcea-ad8046dba39b Christoffer Johansson supervisor 9a58e813-ddd6-4956-93f2-1a93901a6505 Anders Hedenström supervisor 913c7726-5e9b-46a3-830f-371166da418a Associate Professor Douglas Altshuler opponent University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Evolutionary ecology v1000609 department Bats are the only mammals capable of flight, and they are the only animal flyers that are mammals. This thesis focuses on the latter of those facts, and investigates how bats fly, from an aerodynamic perspective. The data on which this thesis is based were generated by examining the airflows beneath and behind bats flying in a wind tunnel, and by examining their wing kinematics manually and automatically, using high-speed cameras. We analysed the data by writing computer scripts and interfaces that calculated forces, powers, efficiencies, and kinematical and morphological parameters. Among other things, we found hovering bats to have asymmetrical wingbeats with regard to up- and downstroke, discovered new levels of complexity in the wakes of large-eared bats, quantified the aerodynamic consequences of large ears in bat flight, and we devised a new method for automatically reconstructing the wing shapes of flying animals. Den här avhandlingen handlar om aerodynamik hos fladdermöss. Det vill säga, hur fladdermöss skapar de krafter som låter dem flyga, hur de påverkar luften för att åstadkomma detta, och hur deras vingar rör sig när de gör det.<br/><br/>Tack vare förmågan att flyga kan djur utnyttja annars otillgängliga födoämnen, undfly rovdjur, och övervintra i varmare trakter. Fördelarna med flygning blir än mer uppenbara när man tänker på att flygning utvecklats minst fyra gånger i djurriket – hos insekter, reptiler, fåglar, och däggdjur.<br/>Arbetet jag har utfört under min tid som doktorand har till stor del varit relaterat till att räkna ut hur mycket energi det kostar fladdermöss att flyga. Jag har gjort flödesmätningar i luften bakom, eller under, fladdermöss. På detta vis har jag kunnat se hur mycket fladdermössen påverkar luften de flyger i, vilket i sin tur tillåtit mig räkna ut hur mycket energi fladdermöss tillför luften de flyger i.<br/><br/>Artikel I handlar om, ryttling, det vill säga stillastående flygning, hos Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, som är en nektarätande fladdermus. Ryttling hittar vi exempel på hos kolibrier, insekter, och fladdermöss, och även hos helikoptrar. För att förstå varför stillastående flygning är så intressant behövs kunskap om hur vingar fungerar. En vinge skapar lyftkraft genom att röra sig genom luften och tillföra den rörelsemängd nedåt (om den flyger framåt). När ett djur flyger framåt så passerar det en stor mängd luft som det kan påverka för att producera krafter. Ett djur som ägnar sig åt stillastående flygning rör sig inte genom luften på samma sätt, utan måste istället röra vingarna genom luften desto mer. Det är detta behov av att röra vingarna mer som gör stillastående flygning så energikrävande, och därför särskilt intressant.<br/><br/>I artikel I använde vi flödesmätningar under ryttlande fladdermöss för att undersöka hur mycket energi de tillförde luften, hur mycket lyftkraft de producerade under upp- respektive nedslaget, och vilka aerodynamiska virvlar den stillastående flygningen gav upphov till under fladdermusen. Vi var de första att använda modern flödesmätningsteknik för att undersöka ryttling hos fladdermöss, och därför även de första att kunna besvara frågan om vilken typ av aerodynamiska virvlar de producerar när de flyger på detta vis. Vi fann att stillastående fladdermöss producerar lyftkraft även under uppslaget, dock inte i samma utsträckning som insekter och kolibrier. Vi fann även att varje vinge producerar en individuell aerodynamisk virvel, och att de teoretiska modeller man tidigare använt för att skatta hur mycket energi en ryttlande fladdermus tillför luften var förhållandevis korrekta, men att de möjligen underskattade energin något. <br/><br/>Många fladdermöss är nattaktiva. För att kunna orientera sig i mörkret använder de sig av ekolokalisation. Ekolokalisation bygger på att fladdermusen producerar ett högfrekvent ljud med sina stämband, varpå den sedan lyssnar till ekot från detta ljud, och då kan uppfatta hur ljudet studsat mot olika föremål. Med hjälp av ekolokalisation kan fladdermöss orientera sig i mörker, och det hjälper vissa insektsätande fladdermöss att lokalisera bytesdjur. För att kunna lyssna väl behöver fladdermusen yttre öron som förstärker de inkommande ljuden. Yttre öron förbättrar även fladdermusens förmåga att lyssna efter bytesdjur som prasslar i löv, eller gör ljud på andra sätt. De yttre öronen sticker dock ut från kroppen och påverkar fladdermusens aerodynamik, särskilt om de är stora. Exakt hur öronen påverkar aerodynamiken är inte helt klart. De borde ge upphov till extra vindmotstånd, men det finns även forskning som tyder på att de kan producera extra lyftkraft.<br/><br/>I artikel II undersökte vi de aerodynamiska spåren bakom en långörad fladdermus, Plecotus auritus. Vi fann att öronen och kroppen gav upphov till virvlar som tyder på att det skapas lyftkraft av kroppen och öronen. Detta betyder att öronen kanske inte är ett så stort hinder för fladdermusens flygning som man tidigare trott. Tack vare ny och förbättrad mätapparatur fann vi dessutom tidigare osedda detaljer i de aerodynamiska virvlar som fladdermusen producerar, såsom mindre virvelstrukturer som roterade kring de större virvlarna och ett nytt sätt för fladdermöss att producera aerodynamisk kraft i flygriktningen under uppslaget vid långsam flygning.<br/><br/>Artikel III går än djupare in på de aerodynamiska konsekvenserna av stora öron och undersöker kvantitativt hur stora öron påverkar motståndskraften som fladdermöss möter när de flyger, samt hur detta påverkar hur mycket energi fladdermöss behöver tillföra luften för att flyga. I studien undersökte vi de kvantitativa konsekvenserna på motståndskraft, lyftkraft, och energikostnad vid flygning med stora öron genom att jämföra mätningar på en art med stora öron, långörad fladdermus, och en art med små öron, Glossophaga soricina. Vi fann att stora öron ger upphov till betydligt mer luftmotstånd, men att de även tycks producera mer lyftkraft än mindre öron. Det luftmotstånd vi uppmätte från kroppen på en flygande fladdermus, både med stora och små öron, var betydligt högre än vad man tidigare antagit, vilket antyder att kostnaden för att flyga med stora öron är betydande.<br/><br/>Artikel IV beskriver en metod som vi utvecklat för att räkna ut den tredimensionella formen på ett djurs vingar under flygning. Metoden bygger på att filma djuret under flygning med två höghastighetskameror samtidigt som vi projicerar ett slumpmässigt mönster av prickar på djuret via laserljus. Med hjälp av de projicerade prickarna kan sedan den tredimensionella formen på djurets vingar härledas via automatisk mönsterigenkänning och triangulering. En av metodens främsta styrkor är att den går att använda samtidigt som vi genomför mätningar av flödet fladdermusen producerar i luften. Detta gör det möjligt att jämför hur ett djur påverkar luften det flyger samtidigt med hur det rör sina vingar. Vi testade metoden genom att använda den på en långörad fladdermus som flög i vår vindtunnel. Med hjälp av metoden kunde vi se hur formen på fladdermusens vingar varierade längs vingspannet på ett sätt som påverkar vingarnas förmåga att skapa lyftkraft.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b41f9923-019f-4db7-b424-8a5aa66f6799 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25980717/Aerodynamic_performance_in_bat_flight007.pdf application/pdf 979181 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 2017-05 eng Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Plecotus auritus Glossophaga soricina PIV aerodynamics wing morphology bats wind tunnel animal flight Evolutionary Biology 978-91-7753-333-7 978-91-7753-334-4 119 2017-06-16T13:00:00+02:00 b41f9923-019f-4db7-b424-8a5aa66f6799 2017-05-23T08:25:28+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-23T08:25:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4931db2a-f9bb-4105-a5cd-0aa08217d584 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M:B at the M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Slavey Tanov author ac746589-f87a-4a84-ba6e-dad8998f84d4 Öivind Andersson supervisor 6c8ba8ef-efd0-4f18-a099-1432b09b4ac3 Professor Fabrice Foucher opponent Université d'Orléans, France Sustainable energy systems v1000207 department The diesel engine is one of the most economic power sources and is therefore used in a range of technical solutions. The low fuel consumption combined with high engine performance makes it attractive for transportation vehicles. They are relatively unproblematic in terms of emissions of carbon-monoxide and hydrocarbons but, on the other hand, they are associated with high emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot. In the atmosphere, these emissions constitute a serious concern for both human health and the environment. For this reason, the recent research and development efforts of many automakers and research institutes have shifted focus to new technologies such as advanced combustion concepts. Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is one of the novel combustion concepts that aim to yield low $NO_{x}$ and soot emissions while maintaining high engine efficiency. This combustion process belongs to a class of technologies called low temperature combustion concepts. In conventional diesel combustion, the combustion is promptly initiated by auto-ignition as fuel is injected into the cylinder, vaporizes, mixes, and reacts with hot air. In PPC, by contrast, all the fuel is injected before it auto-ignites, which is made possible by the distribution of mixture strengths (fuel stratification) prior to combustion. The PPC process combined with high exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) rates gives lower combustion temperatures and thus reduces the $NO_{x}$ emissions and soot formation.<br/><br/>All the combustion occurs in premixed mode, which mainly means in mixture packets that have mixed with oxygen to different degrees during the ignition delay. The ignition delay is controlled by temperature, charge composition, fuel type and fuel injection timing. The work presented in this thesis is experimental investigations to understand the in-cylinder combustion and fuel–air mixing process under gasoline-PPC conditions. The first part describes a new approach to determine the in-cylinder combustion stratification for various injections strategies. The second part is devoted to the in-cylinder fluid motion which is important for the fuel-air mixing, heat transfer, combustion, and emission formation processes. For these two parts, an optical engine is used to carry out the experimental investigations. The last part consists of multi-cylinder experiments where the engine is fuelled with a blend between gasoline and ethanol and combustion is studied through an endoscope. Different strategies were used to maintain stable combustion and relatively low emissions of soot under PPC conditions. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4931db2a-f9bb-4105-a5cd-0aa08217d584 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25884568/Final_20170522_plain.pdf application/pdf 61201406 no Energy Sciences, Lund University 2017-05-23 eng PPC in-cylinder flow structures Combustion diagnostics Gasoline Gasoline-Ethanol Multiple Injection Stratification Level Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-344-3 978-91-7753-345-0 228 2017-06-16T10:15:00+02:00 4931db2a-f9bb-4105-a5cd-0aa08217d584 2017-05-23T10:17:12+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-23T10:17:12+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d1b05b6b-ac49-4aaf-81a8-eabc8588d54d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg lecture hall, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Natasa Lalovic author 810e6033-4e7c-4e45-9225-bc1c7d9a843a Dirk Rudolph supervisor 38d9ee48-e55d-447f-8c64-edd4c3de5b9f Pavel Golubev supervisor 23ad2ed5-8050-43b9-9f74-55ff77e0c2e9 Dr. Roderick M. Clark opponent Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Nuclear physics v1000629 department Nuclear Structure Studies near 208Pb and gamma-ray Imaging Techniques project This thesis focuses on a high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy experiment where the fragmenta-<br> tion of a 208 Pb primary beam was used to populate even-mass nuclei around 208 Pb. It was<br> conducted in 2012 using the Advanced GAmma-ray Tracking Array (AGATA) while it was<br> placed at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. Projectile-like fragments were selected and identified with<br> the GSI Fragment Separator. The final aim is to study the aforementioned nuclei via Cou-<br> lomb excitation. Yet, preceding measurements with stopped beams are necessary for reasons<br> detailed here. Another part of this thesis is devoted to Research &amp; Development (R&amp;D) of<br> position-sensitive scintillation detectors. These two different aspects are linked by studies of<br> position sensitivity in devices utilized for detection of γ rays.<br> Advances in γ-ray tracking algorithms are essential for both applied and basic nuclear physics.<br> Here, the scintillation detector R&amp;D is foreseen to contribute to applications in the realm of<br> medical imaging as well as environmental and safety surveillance, whereas the basic research<br> efforts yield improved nuclear structure information on heavy ions produced in relativistic<br> fragmentation reactions.<br> Paper I summarizes efforts regarding the image reconstruction algorithm when applied on a<br> simulated data-set. In Paper II the performance of the AGATA sub-array is discussed, outlining<br> the important aspects of the offline data processing and analysis. Paper III presents further<br> treatment of the data partially scrutinized in Paper II using AGATA-tailored algorithms,<br> assessing absolute efficiency and peak-to-total, and the performance of tracking algorithms<br> with respect to different parameter-sets. Paper IV highlights an outstanding physics case<br> from a stopped-beam AGATA measurement. In Paper V all aspects of the data analysis<br> established in this thesis are described. The relevance of isomeric state measurements for both<br> the experimental and theoretical aspect of relativistic fragmentation is emphasized. AGATA är en speciell positionskänslig detektor för gammastrålning. Genom att<br/>använda en sådan detektor är det möjligt att rekonstruera den väg som gam-<br/>mastrålningen tar genom detektorn. Det garanterar en mycket högre känslighet<br/>för detektion av gamma strålning än vad var möjlig för tidigare typer av de-<br/>tektorer. Detta betyder att vi kan få tillgång till mycket mer information om<br/>atomkärnan än vad vi kunde tidigare. Men det är inte bara ’kunskap för kun-<br/>skapens egen skull’ (analog med l’art pour l’art) som vi är efter. Detektorer<br/>som använder denna teknik är av stor betydelse inom tillämpad kärnfysik och<br/>andra olika områden som använder gammastrålning. Några av dessa är biofysik,<br/>kärnmedicin och säkerhetskontroller.<br/>I detta arbete förklarar jag vilka ingredienser som behövs för att förstå data som<br/>samlats in med en komplex detektor som AGATA. Detta arbete avser den unika<br/>kombination av AGATA och flera andra detektorer, som användes när AGATA<br/>var belägen vid det tyska laboratoriet GSI i Darmstadt. AGATA är en av två<br/>detektorer av det slaget, och GSI är än så länge den enda platsen i världen där<br/>man kan producera de partiklar vid de energier som behövs för experimentet<br/>som beskrivs i detta arbete. Jag har genom mitt doktorsarbete gradvis kommit<br/>fram till den punkt där de data vi samlade in och analyserade är viktiga för de<br/>teoretiska modeller som försöker förklara komplexiteten hos atomkärnan.<br/>Självklart hoppas jag att detta bidrag skulle kunna hjälpa till att svara på<br/>mycket viktiga frågor inom grundläggande kärnfysik. Men ’vad tjänar jag och<br/>alla andra på det...’ frågar du kanske. Jag hoppas att jag med denna avhand-<br/>ling kan övertyga dig om att de metoder och algoritmer som säkerställer AGA-<br/>TA möjlighet att spåra gammastrålning faktiskt är relevanta för de tillämpade<br/>områden som jag listade ovan. Det är därför som det här arbetet också tar<br/>upp möjligheten att observera objekt som är dolda för våra ögon, genom att<br/>använda gammastrålning och gammadetektorer Dessutom föreslår jag en enkel<br/>apparat som kan fungera som en laboratorieprototyp för att testa vad vi hittills<br/>har hittat. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d1b05b6b-ac49-4aaf-81a8-eabc8588d54d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/25886407/Natasa_Lalovic_hela_inkl._omslag.pdf application/pdf 9030416 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics 2017-05 eng nuclear structure gamma-Ray spectroscopy AGATA isomeric decays relativistic projectile fragmentation Pb isotopes nuclear structure gamma-ray spectroscopy AGATA isomeric decays relativistic projectile fragmentation Pb isotopes Natural Sciences Subatomic Physics 978-91-7753-287-3 978-91-7753-288-0 169 2017-06-21T13:15:00+02:00 d1b05b6b-ac49-4aaf-81a8-eabc8588d54d 2017-05-23T10:53:38+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-05-23T10:53:38+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7f0b806c-cd60-466d-a528-2e2873292c4b 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall F1, Blocket, Getingevägen 4, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 1 Maria Hermanson author df008350-8281-473e-a4e7-05faac75addc Gunnar Hägglund supervisor 095a9305-5801-4ff2-84fe-2374b4822894 Elisabet Rodby Bousquet supervisor bee26fd9-48d7-46b5-964b-8e2c804787f1 Jacques Riad supervisor Docent Piotr Michno opponent Umeå University Hospital Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department CPUP - Children's Orthopedics Group v1000964 department CPUP - Children's Orthopedics Group research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7f0b806c-cd60-466d-a528-2e2873292c4b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/27168279/Kappa_final_v3.pdf application/pdf 3726479 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Cerebral palsy, Hip, Hip displacement, Head-shaft angle, CPUP hip score Orthopaedics 978-91-7619-477-5 73 2017-06-16T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:97 7f0b806c-cd60-466d-a528-2e2873292c4b 2017-06-21T09:12:35+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z 2017-06-21T09:12:35+02:00

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theses published Dora Jacobson, BMC, Lund 1 Fan Zhang author a11f59bd-7c3b-4386-b035-911900da1d6c Martin Englund supervisor 2c658f78-242d-4d93-a44e-4e23d5928ec4 Richard Frobell supervisor 82ed69fd-88b7-428c-bd5d-6cf32e6d8f77 professor Kjell G Nilsson opponent University of Umeå Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department Lund OsteoArthritis Division - Clinical Epidemiology Unit v1000961 department Lund OsteoArthritis Division - Clinical Epidemiology Unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a035f2fb-29bc-48f0-ae04-a8b9e6a44305 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/27344764/Fan_Zhang_mediatryck.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 921483 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng meniscus extrusion MRI Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-447-8 74 2017-05-12T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:67 a035f2fb-29bc-48f0-ae04-a8b9e6a44305 2017-06-25T02:53:39+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:32Z 2017-06-25T02:53:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c13b0f3f-bc37-4714-94fa-b9088580192c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Katja Fedina author 0fc974cd-67de-4f99-9f8b-21ee4bb51893 Xue-Song Bai supervisor 3e6a21e3-2b84-4020-aab0-02b01f93c653 Christer Fureby supervisor Professor Elaine Oran opponent University of Maryland, USA Fluid Mechanics v1000210 department High performance of an explosive compound with respect to afterburning requires sufficient combustible properties of the explosive, and a careful determination of the most appropriate charge positioning to achieve the desired afterburning effect. Understanding the physical processes of post-detonation afterburning and how these are affected by the surroundings, e.g. the Height of Burst (HoB), facilitates the optimal use of the explosive and also helps in designing protection against it. The use of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for investigating afterburning properties of an explosive charge can be a cost effective approach to identify the most optimal conditions for subsequent full-scale experiments. Of particular interest are Enhanced Blast eXplosives (EBX), to which metal particles, usually aluminium, are added to the explosive compound in order to increase the afterburning energy release by allowing the metal particles and detonation products combust with air. This presents a further modelling challenge since the combustion becomes multi-phased.<br/><br/>This thesis presents modelling, simulation and experimental efforts in studying this two-phase post-detonation combustion event at different HoB of 1 kg trinitrotoluene (TNT) and TNT/aluminium charges. The main objectives of this work is to demonstrate the use of LES with finite rate chemistry for these types of applications, to elucidate the physical processes involved in near-ground air blasts, to demonstrate what effects the HoB has on the afterburning, and how aluminium particles affect the combustion. <br/><br/>Simulation results, supported by experimental data, show that the main mechanism responsible for the mixing, and therefore afterburning, is the rise of hydrodynamic instabilities, which trigger the build up of a mixing layer. Shock-mixing layer interactions further create more instabilities. Thus, in order to achieve maximum effect of the afterburning during an explosive blast, the existence of a turbulent mixing layer has to be combined with repeated shock propagation through it, by which the duration of the afterburning is maintained. The presence of reacting particles increases the vorticity generated by instabilities since the particles create perturbations in the detonation product cloud, hence disrupting the alignment of the pressure and density gradients. Burning particles intensify mixing even further through volumetric expansion induced by increased heat-release from particle combustion. The mixing intensity in its turn varies with HoB, as the shock propagation pattern is different for all HoB, which means that in order to achieve maximum effect from aluminium inclusion to an explosive, HoB must be considered as a parameter.<br/> High performance of an explosive compound with respect to afterburning requires sufficient combustible properties of the explosive, and a careful determination of the most appropriate charge positioning to achieve the desired afterburning effect. Understanding the physical processes of post-detonation afterburning and how these are affected by the surroundings, e.g. the Height of Burst (HoB), facilitates the optimal use of the explosive and also helps in designing protection against it. The use of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for investigating afterburning properties of an explosive charge can be a cost effective approach to identify the most optimal conditions for subsequent full-scale experiments. Of particular interest are Enhanced Blast eXplosives (EBX), to which metal particles, usually aluminium, are added to the explosive compound in order to increase the afterburning energy release by allowing the metal particles and detonation products combust with air. This presents a further modelling challenge since the combustion becomes multi-phased.<br/><br/>This thesis presents modelling, simulation and experimental efforts in studying this two-phase post-detonation combustion event at different HoB of 1 kg trinitrotoluene (TNT) and TNT/aluminium charges. The main objectives of this work is to demonstrate the use of LES with finite rate chemistry for these types of applications, to elucidate the physical processes involved in near-ground air blasts, to demonstrate what effects the HoB has on the afterburning, and how aluminium particles affect the combustion. <br/><br/>Simulation results, supported by experimental data, show that the main mechanism responsible for the mixing, and therefore afterburning, is the rise of hydrodynamic instabilities, which trigger the build up of a mixing layer. Shock-mixing layer interactions further create more instabilities. Thus, in order to achieve maximum effect of the afterburning during an explosive blast, the existence of a turbulent mixing layer has to be combined with repeated shock propagation through it, by which the duration of the afterburning is maintained. The presence of reacting particles increases the vorticity generated by instabilities since the particles create perturbations in the detonation product cloud, hence disrupting the alignment of the pressure and density gradients. Burning particles intensify mixing even further through volumetric expansion induced by increased heat-release from particle combustion. The mixing intensity in its turn varies with HoB, as the shock propagation pattern is different for all HoB, which means that in order to achieve maximum effect from aluminium inclusion to an explosive, HoB must be considered as a parameter.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c13b0f3f-bc37-4714-94fa-b9088580192c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/26762086/thesisUtanArtiklar_ny.pdf application/pdf 99788540 no Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University 2017-06-08 eng Explosives Combustion LES Finite rate chemistry Explosives Combustion LES Finite rate chemistry Height of Burst Engineering and Technology 978-91-629-0221-6 978-91-629-0222-3 200 2017-08-25T10:00:00+02:00 c13b0f3f-bc37-4714-94fa-b9088580192c 2017-06-12T11:23:22+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-06-12T11:23:22+02:00

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theses published lecture hall K:B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Noor Liyana Yusof author e4f4f9f4-035f-42bd-b8a1-2e547cb9b98a Federico Gómez Galindo supervisor 60a6f5b9-eb78-4f3f-8619-94466939716b Ingegerd Sjöholm supervisor fb5d3c71-79db-4576-bb0a-a781a135f1e3 Doktor Antonio Derossi opponent University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy Division of Food and Pharma v1000245 department Vacuum impregnation (VI) is a unit operation that allows the introduction of solutions into the porous structure of plant tissues. The plant tissue is immersed in the solution of interest and is then subjected to partial vacuum, causing the removal of air from the tissue. When the atmospheric pressure is restored, the solution is drawn into the tissue, replacing the air. In this way, most of the air spaces are filled by the solution, although small air pockets may still remain. VI has been extensively studied, particularly with regard to the modification of the physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of food products. These studies include texture enhancement, enrichment of fruits and vegetables with probiotics or micronutrients, the modification of sensory attributes, and the extension of shelf life by pH reduction. VI has also been widely used as a method of pre-treatment prior to, e.g., minimal processing, freezing, or drying of fruit and vegetables. However, little is known about the metabolic consequences of impregnating plant tissue with different substances using VI. The short-term metabolic response of impregnating spinach leaves with different substances (calcium lactate, sucrose, citric acid and ascorbic acid) was investigated using isothermal calorimetry at 5 ºC, 2 h after VI treatment. The greatest increase in metabolic heat production was observed after impregnation with calcium lactate. This may be the result of metabolization of the lactate, as well as the mobilization of starch. The different impregnation solutes led to specific changes in the carbohydrate composition of the leaves during 4 days of storage, due to sugar metabolization, glucose-to-fructose interconversion and starch mobilization in the plant tissue. The effect on the nitrate content of spinach following impregnation with sucrose was also investigated. The results showed that a small amount of sucrose (5 g/100 ml) significantly decreased the nitrate concentration. Exogenously supplied sucrose reduced the nitrate concentration in the leaves by almost 70 % during 3 days of storage at 8 ºC, compared to non-impregnated leaves. Evidence showed that sucrose was metabolized during storage of the leaves, and that the reduction in nitrate was due to the use of sucrose as a substrate for the metabolization of stored nitrate and for respiration. Thus, VI could be beneficial in the food industry in reducing the nitrate content of spinach, leading to the improvement of nutritional characteristics. <br/><br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/>The influence of impregnation with different substances on the metabolic activity of spinach leaves in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was investigated. The gross metabolic activity of the impregnated spinach leaves changed significantly, depending on the impregnation solute and treatment temperature. Sucrose induced the highest metabolic heat production at 21 ºC, whereas calcium lactate led to the highest metabolic activity at 5 ºC. The high metabolic activity of sucrose-impregnated leaves was reflected by the high oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production measured in the packaged product stored at 21 ºC. However, this was not reflected by the changes in atmosphere inside the calcium lactate-impregnated, packaged products. The incongruity between calorimetric and atmospheric measurements may be the result of the different time scales of the measurements. The results obtained in this work have helped provide a better understanding of how impregnation of spinach leaves affects their metabolic activity. The findings could be of importance in the food industry as they provide a better understanding of how spinach leaves could be metabolically affected by a certain type of compound, thus influencing specific quality characteristics and their respiration upon packaging. <br/> <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bf16cc71-53ed-4784-b2f8-ef6b410725dd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/26855213/Noor_Liyana_Yusof_Thesis_1.pdf application/pdf 3470220 no Department of Food Technology, Lund University 2017-06-14 eng Vacuum impregnation Metabolic consequences Spinach : metabolism Modified atmosphere Minimal processing Nitrate reduction Vegetables Plant tissue Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-529-7 978-91-7422-530-3 114 2017-09-01T10:15:00+02:00 bf16cc71-53ed-4784-b2f8-ef6b410725dd 2017-06-14T11:35:15+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2017-06-14T11:35:15+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:79abbaaf-7dcb-44de-bf42-2df5750f16cc 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 MAGNUS ARNELL author 11311351-f8c7-4011-a11a-6ad2c5aebd9f Ulf Jeppsson supervisor 07436d2c-a5d8-4f84-9034-54afad469a52 Hans Bertil Wittgren supervisor Bengt Carlsson supervisor Associate professor Diego Rosso opponent University of California Division for Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation v1000203 department As the knowledge about anthropogenic impacts of climate change has grown, the awareness of the contributions from treatment of wastewater has widened the scope for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Not only shall ever stricter effluent constraints be met, but also energy efficiency be increased, greenhouse gases mitigated and resources recovered. All under a constant pressure on costs. The main objective of this research has been to develop a plant-wide modelling tool to evaluate the performance of operational strategies for multiple objectives at the plant and for off-site environmental impact. The plant-wide model platform Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 (BSM2) has been modified to improve the evaluation of energy efficiency and include greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the plant-wide process model has been coupled to a life cycle analysis (LCA) model for evaluation of global environmental impact. For energy evaluation, a dynamic aeration system model has been adapted and implemented. The aeration model includes oxygen transfer efficiency, dynamic pressure in the distribution system and non-linear behaviour of blower performance. To allow for modelling of energy recovery via anaerobic co-digestion the digestion model of BSM2 was updated with a flexible co-digestion model allowing for dynamic co-substrate feeds. A feasible procedure for substrate characterisation was proposed. Emissions of the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O were considered. The bioprocess model in BSM2 was updated with two-step nitrification, four-step denitrification and nitrifier denitrification to capture N2O production. Fugitive emissions of the three gases were included from digestion, cogeneration and sludge storage. The models were tested in case studies for the three areas of development: aeration, co-digestion and greenhouse gas production. They failed to reject the hypothesis that dynamic process models are required to assess the highly variable operations of wastewater treatment plants. All parts were combined in a case study of the Käppala WWTP in Lidingö, Sweden, for comparison of operational strategies and evaluation of stricter effluent constraints. The averaged model outputs were exported to an LCA model to include off-site production of input goods and impact of discharged residues and wastes. The results reveal trade-offs between water quality, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions and abiotic depletion of elemental and fossil resources. The developed tool is generally applicable for WWTPs and the simulation results from this type of combined models create a good basis for decision support. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/79abbaaf-7dcb-44de-bf42-2df5750f16cc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17264781/Arnell_M_PhD_thesis_final_w_cover.pdf application/pdf 17822560 no IEA, LTH, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, 2016-11-22 eng benchmarking BSM samrötning energieffektivitet växthusgasutsläpp livscykelanalys matematisk modellering avloppsvattenrening benchmarking BSM codigestion energy efficiency greenhouse gases life cycle assessment mathematical modelling wastewater treatment Environmental Management 978-91-88934-72-7 978-91-88934-73-4 232 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17264777/Arnell_M_PhD_thesis_final_pop_sam.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17264779/Arnell_M_PhD_thesis_final_pop_sum.pdf application/pdf 2016-12-16T10:15:00+01:00 Magnus Arnell är forskare vid SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut. Han har varit inskriven vid Lunds universitet, avdelningen Industriell elektroteknik och automation för sina forskarstudier. Hans forskningsområde är avloppsreningsprocesser och modellering av deras hållbarhet och prestanda. Sedan han avslutade sin civilingenjörsutbildning i kemiteknik vid Lunds universitet 2005 har Magnus skaffat sig mer än 10 års erfarenhet från reningsverk, som konsult och inom forskning. Han är förutom arbetet i industrin även engagerad i vattenbranschen, nationellt och internationellt, som ledamot i Föreningen Vattens styrelse och ordförande för den nationella kommittén inom International Water Association (IWA) och representerar därigenom Sverige vid IWA Governing Assembly och i Water Environment Federation House of Delegates. 79abbaaf-7dcb-44de-bf42-2df5750f16cc 2016-11-22T13:59:56+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-22T13:59:56+01:00

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theses published Geocentre I, lecture hall “Världen”, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Florian Sallaba author 775a0732-80c3-4bbc-833a-6f6965fe4bfe Jonathan Seaquist supervisor 6e2cc412-9498-481f-8984-51725830a2ce Stefan Olin supervisor 7d8f5a19-3600-4922-a135-0ea43d3ee1c2 Veiko Lehsten supervisor 1e649921-5774-495a-b6a4-e472a8ab390f Reader Marc J. Metzger opponent University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Biophysical and Human Controls of Land Productivity under Global Change. Development and Demonstration of Parsimonious Modelling Techniques. project Net primary production (NPP) serves as an indicator for plant-based resources such as food, timber and biofuel for human appropriation. It is defined by the annual production of plant matter and is mainly controlled by climate and human activities. Climate change in combination with human activities is altering NPP. As the controls of NPP are expected to further change in the future, it is vital to investigate alterations in NPP and their magnitudes. The impacts of climate change and human activities on NPP can be explored in integrated assessment (IA) frameworks, where sectoral models are coupled and interact rapidly. For such frameworks, parsimonious models are desired because they enable rapid estimates and facilitate easy model coupling for explorations of multiple global change scenarios (i.e. large volumes of data). <br/>This thesis aims to advance parsimonious modelling techniques for quantifying current and future NPP on land. This is accomplished by developing and testing rapid models that facilitate easy model coupling to explore the impacts of multiple global change scenarios on NPP. The model development is based on the meta-modelling concept, which can be applied to simplify the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS in a parsimonious model. For this, multiple climate change and [CO2] perturbations are applied to LPJ-GUESS to simulate NPP. The NPP data are then used to define biophysically motivated relationships between NPP and the driving climate variables along with [CO2]. The relationships are then combined in a synergistic function – the meta-model. Thereafter, the meta-models are assessed for their performance in estimating NPP by comparing them to LPJ-GUESS NPP simulations, to independent field observations and to NPP experiments under enriched [CO2] on biome level. The results provide confidence in the modelled NPP estimates for the most productive biomes, which are important for global quantifications of NPP. The meta-models capture NPP enhancement under enhanced [CO2] adequately in the majority of the studied biomes. Finally, the NPP meta-models are coupled with other sectoral models in two IA modelling-frameworks in order to explore the impacts of global change on ecosystem indicators. The first framework enables an IA of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities for a range of sectors on the European level. This thesis conducts a sensitivity analysis on the effects of climatic and socio-economic change drivers on model outputs related to key sectors. This provides better quantification and increased understanding of the complex relationships between input and output variables in IA modelling-frameworks. The second framework addresses the NPP supply-demand balance in the Sahel region by coupling two sectoral models in order to analyze the timings and geographies of NPP shortfalls in the 21st century Sahel under global change. The results show consistent regional NPP shortfalls in the Sahel for the majority of global change scenarios.<br/>Overall, the parsimonious modelling techniques developed in this thesis contribute with rapid NPP estimates on the biome and global scale. BME NPP estimates agree reasonably well with NPP observations in the majority of biomes (especially in the most productive biomes). This thesis demonstrates that NPP meta-models facilitate easy model coupling for exploring the impacts of global change on human-environmental systems in IA modelling-frameworks. Nettoprimärproduktionen (NPP), är källan till den mat vi äter, virket vi bygger hus av och veden vi eldar med. NPP spelar också en stor roll i den globala kolcykeln, genom fotosyntesen så binder växterna koldioxid från luften och producerar blad och stammar. Hur mycket växterna producerar styrs till stor utsträckning av klimatet samt hur mycket koldioxid som finns i atmosfären. Detta gör att de förändringar som vi står inför, klimatförändringarna, som till stor del kan härledas till en ökad koldioxidhalt i atmosfären är intressanta att studera. Mänskliga aktiviteter så som jord- och skogsbruk, har också en stor inverkan på NPP. Då den globala befolkningen spås öka till 9 miljarder fram till 2050, så kommer också trycket på Jordens ekosystem att öka genom större uttag av NPP från skogar och jordbruk. Det är av stor vikt för mänskligheten att vi kan studera hur samspelet mellan hur vi sköter de ekosystem som vi är så beroende av och klimatförändringarna för att kunna ta adekvata beslut inför framtiden. För att studera detta samspel så krävs Integrerade Modeller (IM), modeller som binder samman ekosystemen och de mänskliga systemen.<br/>För att kunna modellera detta kopplade system så krävs det förenklingar, och då framtiden är osäker, så krävs det att man utforskar många olika scenarier. För att kunna göra det, är det viktigt att dessa modeller är så snabba att man kan utföra en stor mängd simuleringar.<br/>I den här avhandlingen så kommer jag att presentera förenklade metoder för att uppskatta NPP i naturlig vegetation baserat på en begränsad mängd klimatvariabler (t.ex. årlig medelnederbörd eller årligt temperaturmaximum) och jämföra det med mer komplexa modeller som i större utsträckning förlitar sig på detaljerad klimatdata. <br/>Dessa förenklade modeller bygger på det så kallade metamodelleringskonceptet, där man genom att fånga hur de mest elementära processerna påverkas av en liten mängd yttre variabler kan skapa snabba responsmodeller. Jag utvärderar här, både hur de komplexa och förenklade modellerna lyckas simulera observationer från fältförsök utförda i olika ekosystemtyper runt om Jorden samt hur väl dessa modeller fångar ökningen i NPP på grund av den ökade koldioxidhalten från så kallade FACE-experiment (Free-Air Carbon Experiment).<br/>Jag kommer också att visa hur dessa förenklade ekosystemproduktionsmodeller kan kopplas till modeller som simulerar mänskliga system. I två fallstudier, en i Europa och en i Sahelregionen i Afrika, så studeras dessa intergrerade system. I studien för Sahel, så studeras de kombinerade effekterna av klimatförändringar och populationsökningar på tillgången till NPP för mänsklig konsumtion.<br/><br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4a57a53c-d271-484e-b8d0-481869fc55d7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17400331/Dissertation_paper1_2_Florian_Sallaba.pdf application/pdf 11489442 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2016-11 eng Ecosystem Modelling Meta-modelling Net Primary Production Global Change Model coupling Natural Sciences Environmental Sciences Multidisciplinary Geosciences 978-91-85793-69-3 978-91-85793-70-9 234 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380015000459 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-014-1313-y http://www.earth-syst-dynam-discuss.net/esd-2016-58/ 2016-12-20T10:00:00+01:00 4a57a53c-d271-484e-b8d0-481869fc55d7 2016-11-22T19:21:20+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-22T19:21:20+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:54e5e02d-5dd5-4152-af40-76a1d3c572b2 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsal 1, Health Science Center, Baravägen 3 Lund 1 MARKUS HJELM author d8ad00c3-068d-463f-8f4b-1abc080e4b5a Göran Holst supervisor 01c9df11-1e36-43a3-939d-c5cbccaeef1d Jimmie Kristensson supervisor ba815820-abc8-4fbc-bec4-682a872e2897 Ania Willman supervisor Doris M Bohman supervisor Associate Professor Helle Wijk opponent Göteborg Older people's health and Person-Centred care v1000427 department Older people's health and Person-Centred care research group Complex health systems make it difficult to ensure a continuity of care for older persons with multi-morbidity, and risk fragmented care. Fragmented care could affect the quality and safety of the care provided. Case management could provide an approach to counteract this unfavourable situation. Case management is practised by case managers and aims to improve the coordination of healthcare and social services. To better understand and to advance the progress of case management, there is a need for knowledge that provides rich descriptions of case management in practice. This knowledge must come from different perspectives important for the intervention. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore the experiences of a case management intervention aimed at older persons with multi-morbidity, from the perspectives of case managers, older persons, family members and health and social care staff members.<br/><br/>The work of this thesis is based on an ethnographic approach and explores case management from multiple perspectives. For Study I, the sample consisted of case managers (n=9). Data were collected by a group interview, individual interviews and participant observations. Data analysis was informal and formal, and comprised a thematic analysis of the interview material. For Study II, the sample consisted of family members of older persons with multi-morbidity (n=16). Data were collected by individual interviews and analysed using interpretive phenomenology. For Study III, the sample consisted of older persons (75+) with multi-morbidity (n=13). Individual interviews and participant observations were part of the data collection. Data analysis was influenced by Roper and Shapira’s framework for ethnographic analysis. For Study IV the sample consisted of health and social care staff members (n=10). Individual interviews were conducted and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. <br/><br/>The findings from all studies (I-IV) illustrated different perspectives of a case management intervention, conducted by case managers. In Study I, the case managers’ experiences of their everyday work could be interpreted as challenging current professional identity. Study II showed that the family members’ experiences could be interpreted as helps to fulfil my unmet needs. In Study III, the older persons’ experiences were interpreted into four themes which were someone providing me with a trusting relationship; someone assisting me; someone who is on my side; and someone I do not need at present. In Study IV, health and social care staff members’ experiences were interpreted into the following three themes: could bridge gaps in an insufficient health system; emerging improvements call for engagement; and an intervention in the mist with vague goals and elements.<br/><br/>In summary, the findings indicate that establishing trusting relationships was important and this trust enabled the case managers to conduct their everyday work. Consequently, case management interventions need to put emphasis on building trust between the case managers and the participants. To facilitate trusting relationships it is envisaged that it could be of help if the case managers are in a neutral position, act as an individual contact, and have regular contact with the participants. Continuity of the case managers’ services seems to be important for developing trusting relationships. The case managers’ everyday work put forth challenges of trying to make sense of their role as case manager. Thus, when intervening with case management it is important to present a clear description of the case manager’s professional responsibility to all involved. Using working groups as an intermediate for conducting improvement work at an organisational level seems to show promises. But, engagement amongst its representatives is vital for it to be successful. Expectations regarding the working groups and the intervention needs be made clear and discussed throughout the course of the intervention. Thus, a vital part of the preparation for the case management intervention should be to explicitly set the expectations for all involved parties. Complex health systems make it difficult to ensure a continuity of care for older persons with multi-morbidity, and risk fragmented care. Fragmented care could affect the quality and safety of the care provided. Case management could provide an approach to counteract this unfavourable situation. Case management is practised by case managers and aims to improve the coordination of healthcare and social services. To better understand and to advance the progress of case management, there is a need for knowledge that provides rich descriptions of case management in practice. This knowledge must come from different perspectives important for the intervention. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore the experiences of a case management intervention aimed at older persons with multi-morbidity, from the perspectives of case managers, older persons, family members and health and social care staff members.<br/><br/>The work of this thesis is based on an ethnographic approach and explores case management from multiple perspectives. For Study I, the sample consisted of case managers (n=9). Data were collected by a group interview, individual interviews and participant observations. Data analysis was informal and formal, and comprised a thematic analysis of the interview material. For Study II, the sample consisted of family members of older persons with multi-morbidity (n=16). Data were collected by individual interviews and analysed using interpretive phenomenology. For Study III, the sample consisted of older persons (75+) with multi-morbidity (n=13). Individual interviews and participant observations were part of the data collection. Data analysis was influenced by Roper and Shapira’s framework for ethnographic analysis. For Study IV the sample consisted of health and social care staff members (n=10). Individual interviews were conducted and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis.<br/><br/>The findings from all studies (I-IV) illustrated different perspectives of a case management intervention, conducted by case managers. In Study I, the case managers’ experiences of their everyday work could be interpreted as challenging current professional identity. Study II showed that the family members’ experiences could be interpreted as helps to fulfil my unmet needs. In Study III, the older persons’ experiences were interpreted into four themes which were someone providing me with a trusting relationship; someone assisting me; someone who is on my side; and someone I do not need at present. In Study IV, health and social care staff members’ experiences were interpreted into the following three themes: could bridge gaps in an insufficient health system; emerging improvements call for engagement; and an intervention in the mist with vague goals and elements.<br/><br/>In summary, the findings indicate that establishing trusting relationships was important and this trust enabled the case managers to conduct their everyday work. Consequently, case management interventions need to put emphasis on building trust between the case managers and the participants. To facilitate trusting relationships it is envisaged that it could be of help if the case managers are in a neutral position, act as an individual contact, and have regular contact with the participants. Continuity of the case managers’ services seems to be important for developing trusting relationships. The case managers’ everyday work put forth challenges of trying to make sense of their role as case manager. Thus, when intervening with case management it is important to present a clear description of the case manager’s professional responsibility to all involved. Using working groups as an intermediate for conducting improvement work at an organisational level seems to show promises. But, engagement amongst its representatives is vital for it to be successful. Expectations regarding the working groups and the intervention needs be made clear and discussed throughout the course of the intervention. Thus, a vital part of the preparation for the case management intervention should be to explicitly set the expectations for all involved parties. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/54e5e02d-5dd5-4152-af40-76a1d3c572b2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349513/Markus_Hjelm_Avhandling.pdf application/pdf 2313493 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Aged Case Management Case manager Comorbidity Continuity of Patient Care Delivery of Health Care Ethnography Family members Focused Ethnography Integrated care Intervention Interpretive phenomenology Multi-morbidity Older persons Qualitative Research Thematic analysis Aged Case manager Case management Comorbidity Continuity of patient care Delivery of health care Ethnography Family members Focused ethnography Integrated care Intervention Interpretive phenomenology Multi-morbidity Older persons Qualitative research Thematic analysis Nursing Health Sciences 978-91-7619-374-7 105 2016-12-14T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:147 54e5e02d-5dd5-4152-af40-76a1d3c572b2 2016-11-23T13:12:43+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-11-23T13:12:43+01:00

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theses published Lecture hall A, building M, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Maria Navasa author c1fc815a-dff4-4888-b931-0d7526e52479 Bengt Sundén supervisor c8faf656-e591-4bb5-882f-36523cccdf4c Professor Odne Stokke Burheim opponent NTNU, Norway Heat Transfer v1000211 department Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) are considered a highly promising technology for providing efficient, sustainable and economic conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy. SOCs can be operated as fuel cells, where electric power is obtained from fossil or non-fossil hydrocarbon fuels depending on the origin or as electrolysis cells, whereby using electrical energy from renewable sources like wind or solar, chemical energy can be stored as fuels. However, despite its promising potential, SOCs are still not commercialized in large scales. A hard competition from well-established technologies in the electricity generation market, e.g., gas turbines, for the fuel cell operating mode, hinders its commercialization for large scale applications while electrolysis operation mode has found its way into niche markets. One of the big challenges for its success is to guarantee a long-term stability (4+ years), which is currently not attainable due to degradation issues.<br/><br/>Large gradients in temperature, gas composition and local overpotentials in a single cell or a stack cause degradation. Different variables lead to different degradation mechanisms. These gradients occur within the cell, making it difficult to monitor the degradation process. Physical models can be used for retrieving local quantities and thus assist in failure assessment and provide insights on how to mitigate them.<br/><br/>A three dimensional multiphysics model has been developed in this work to simulate the performance of SOCs under fuel cell and electrolysis mode. The main transport phenomena are included and coupled to the electrochemical reactions. This enables the calculation of the local partial gas pressures, potentials and temperature distributions through the electrodes and across the cells as function of the operating cell voltage. <br/><br/>The model has been validated successfully by comparison to cell test experiments with H2/H2O and CO/CO2 as feedstocks at different temperatures, flows and gas compositions. The highest deviation found, with respect to the cell voltage, is 6 %.<br/><br/>Even though the model can operate under both fuel cell and electrolysis modes, the model has been mainly used in electrolysis mode in this work. Apart from studying the effect of the cell operating voltage on the temperature, partial pressure of steam, current density and the overpotential through the cell, the developed model has been used for analyzing one degradation phenomenon, i.e., carbon deposition in the electrolysis operating mode. A detailed analysis of this degradation phenomenon has been performed showing a good agreement between the experimental data and the modeling approach of the local crossing of the thermodynamic carbon deposition threshold. The effect of two different heat boundary conditions on carbon formation have been evaluated as well as the effect of three different structural parameters for the fuel electrode: porosity, electrode thickness and ionic conductivity with a view to seeking cell improvements that can widen the operating window where carbon deposition is avoided. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6c3a5846-72e4-4c07-a7b2-69e504c0568d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349760/tesis_MNavasa.pdf application/pdf 13835330 no Energy Sciences, Lund University 2016-11-24 eng SOCs, SOECs, SOFCs, multiphysics, modeling, three dimensional, transport phenomena, electrochemical reactions, overpotentials, potentials, boundary conditions, validation, experimental data, degradation, carbon deposition, steam, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon activity Engineering and Technology 978-91-7473-752-3 978-91-7473-753-0 205 2016-12-21T10:15:00+01:00 6c3a5846-72e4-4c07-a7b2-69e504c0568d 2016-11-24T09:59:57+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-24T09:59:57+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a17ad6f3-1e6b-4209-ae9f-92a6d80ed994 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, building M, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Mahdi Ghazaei author 14b4e5aa-bc67-48a9-9628-1e169608963b Rolf Johansson supervisor 86c43e01-1a94-40bf-b6ad-2599fc65447e Anders Robertsson supervisor 14a9c6c9-ce59-431f-9a99-fdadc57084c9 Jacek Malec supervisor 4853ac31-2ead-4ff5-87e9-5af05ef2140c Professor Torsten Kröger opponent Stanford University, USA Department of Automatic Control v1000253 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department A fundamental problem in robotics is the generation of motion for a task. How to translate a task to a set of movements is a non-trivial problem. The complexity of the task, the capabilities of the robot, and the desired performance, affect all aspects of the trajectory; the sequence of movements, the path, and the course of motion as a function of time.<br/><br/>This thesis is about trajectory generation and advances the state of the art in several directions. Special attention to trajectories in constrained situations when interaction forces are involved is paid. We bring a control perspective to trajectory generation and propose novel solutions for online trajectory generation with a rapid response to sensor inputs. We formulate and find optimal trajectories for various problems, closing the gap between path planning and trajectory generation. The inverse problem of finding the control signal corresponding to a desired trajectory is investigated and we extend the applicability of an existing algorithm to a broader class of problems.<br/><br/>To collect human-generated trajectories involving force interactions, we propose a method to join two robotic manipulators to form a haptic interface for task demonstration. Furthermore, fast algorithms for fixed-time point-to-point trajectory generation are investigated. More importantly, two optimal closed-loop trajectory generation methods are proposed. We derive an optimal controller for the fixed-time trajectory-generation problem with a minimum-jerk cost functional. The other method is based on Model Predictive Control, which allows a more generic form of system dynamics and constraints. In addition, a ball-and-finger system is modeled for studying trajectory generation where interaction plays an important role. Efficient movements for rotating the ball are numerically computed and simulated.<br/>Iterative Learning Control (ILC) finds a proper control signal for obtaining a desired trajectory. We derive frequency-domain criteria for the convergence of linear ILC on finite-time intervals that are less restrictive than existing ones in the literature. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a17ad6f3-1e6b-4209-ae9f-92a6d80ed994 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17350248/thesis_mahdi_v161115.pdf application/pdf 4332067 no Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University 2016-11-25 eng Haptic Interface Fixed-Time Point-to-Point Trajectory Generation Online Trajectory Generation Dynamic Simulation and Optimization Dynamics with Varying Contacts Iterative Learning Control Robotics and automation Control Engineering 0280-5316 978-91-7753-048-0 978-91-7753-049-7 214 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/26851142/errata.pdf application/pdf 2016-12-21T10:15:00+01:00 a17ad6f3-1e6b-4209-ae9f-92a6d80ed994 2016-11-24T11:10:56+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-24T11:10:56+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c0287aaa-2e70-4d9f-9fbe-1790a5002ed2 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rum 2005-7, DC, Inga Mari Nilssons gata 49, ingång 44, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Ünal Ören author fe98c618-431e-4da6-8e37-74533fb78db8 Christopher Rääf supervisor 3ad72367-ae02-4e95-b644-3ba554a9bceb Sören Mattsson supervisor b069c961-7422-4032-8f1f-387b1570c517 professor Christer Fröjdh opponent Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c0287aaa-2e70-4d9f-9fbe-1790a5002ed2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17355980/Unal_avh_hela_G5.pdf application/pdf 3740179 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng radiological and nuclear emergencies detectors imaging modalities clinical radiology nuclear medicine Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-375-4 49 2016-12-15T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:148 c0287aaa-2e70-4d9f-9fbe-1790a5002ed2 2016-11-24T20:52:10+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-11-24T20:52:10+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:36671a42-eff4-4a43-9d7e-6f8f343093a6 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Eden auditorium, Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Carlo Michael Knotz author 974db928-9015-4a55-a48d-8d26ac05a1c4 Johannes Lindvall supervisor b059c5c8-e847-4409-9295-24892594639f Hanna Bäck supervisor 6c6ab6b0-50f6-4ea0-841c-52047cb66dd7 Professor Silja Häusermann opponent University of Zürich Department of Political Science v1000693 department The advanced democracies of Europe, North America, and Australasia have gotten tough on unemployment. Since the mid- to late-1970s, they started to put greater pressure on the unemployed by reducing the time for which unemployment benefits were paid, by imposing stricter job-search requirements, by extending the range of jobs considered suitable for claimants, and by tightening the penalties for non-compliance with these rules. This dissertation addresses several important gaps in the existing research on the politics of these ‘demanding’ reforms. It overcomes a key limitation of previous research, the lack of systematic comparative data, by drawing on two novel datasets on demanding unemployment benefit reforms. Four essays provide novel insights about the changes that have been introduced, about the determinants of voter attitudes, and about the roles of economic conditions and the type of government. The first paper shows that, while the unemployed are indeed under greater pressure to seek and accept work, this has not led to a complete erosion of claimant rights. Not only are many rules and provisions now formulated more precisely, making enforcement more predictable, but some protective provisions have actually been strengthened. The second paper shows that tighter sanctions are introduced in order to address the concerns of voters about overspending on social protection in austere times. The third paper shows that politically weak governments tend to compensate those who are hurt by demanding reforms by expanding labor market training programs, while this is not the case for governments who are in a stronger position. The fourth and final paper shows that the attitudes of voters toward demanding reforms are driven by different considerations, depending on whether such reforms are being introduced or not. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/36671a42-eff4-4a43-9d7e-6f8f343093a6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17062576/Kappa_CarloKnotz.pdf application/pdf 675050 no Lund University 2016 eng Welfare state reform Unemployment benefits Conditionality Attitudes Coalitions Political Science (excluding Peace and Conflict Studies) 0460-0037 978-91-7753-044-2 978-91-7753-045-9 183 220 2016-12-09T10:00:00+01:00 36671a42-eff4-4a43-9d7e-6f8f343093a6 2016-11-17T16:03:25+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-17T16:03:25+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:de607a48-2e61-4d8f-b933-11e594edd3bc 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Mikhail Martynovich author cd908ed3-6a61-44f2-adb7-5a91d9c413f8 Karl-Johan Lundquist supervisor e3ef7231-5d34-4d47-8bdb-b0573653bfce Martin Henning supervisor cf873044-09ed-4da8-9cf5-2cc0cc3b1bf0 Professor Richard G. Shearmur opponent McGill University Department of Human Geography v1000678 department Structural change and labour mobility: A co-evolutionary perspective project This dissertation aims at advancing the knowledge about the role of the labour market in the process of the technology-induced economic transformation, taking into account the variety of factors involved at micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of the economy and at different geographical scales. Empirically, the dissertation investigates the co-evolutionary dynamics of industrial restructuring and worker reallocation across and within regional labour markets induced by the diffusion of the information technology as a general purpose technology (GPT) in Sweden in the period between 1985 and 2010.<br/><br/>The analytical framework employed in the dissertation combines the theoretical perspectives on the long-term economic development with the insights from the labour market studies on the dual role of the labour market in the process of technology-induced structural change. These two strands of research are integrated into the evolutionary model of economic change that links explicitly the microlevel processes of response to GPT-induced transformation pressures to the macro-level determinants and outcomes of these processes.<br/><br/>The findings of this dissertation indicate that the dynamics of technological change as well as its implications for functioning of regional labour markets should be approached through the prism of technology diffusion process which unfolds in time and space. To be able to understand the technology diffusion process one should address four intertwined questions: what kind of technology is diffused, how it is diffused, when it is diffused as well as where it is diffused at different points in time.<br/><br/>Also, the dissertation suggests that the role of the labour market in the technology-induced transformation is far from the smoothly operating mechanism of adjustment to economy-wide economic shocks, as it is often assumed in mainstream approaches to economic theorising. In that respect, the dissertation provides a reference point for studies of labour market evolution beyond the standard equilibrium approach. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/de607a48-2e61-4d8f-b933-11e594edd3bc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/23558144/Dissertation._Mikhail_Martynovich.pdf application/pdf 4807028 no Lund University 2016-11-18 eng general purpose technology technological change information technology IT diffusion labour market dynamics labour mobility worker reallocation Sweden Social and Economic Geography 978-91-7753-069-5 978-91-7753-070-1 15 315 2016-12-16T10:15:00+01:00 de607a48-2e61-4d8f-b933-11e594edd3bc 2016-11-18T12:40:12+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-18T12:40:12+01:00

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theses published Annexet, lecture hall MA:04, Sölvegatan 20, Lund 1 Behnaz Pirzamanbein author 9402e1ae-f406-4c69-9b62-1b31c8149ff5 Johan Lindström supervisor 0fae3a41-41a1-439a-8be8-76346890ebf0 Senior Lecturer, Dr. Janine Illian opponent University of St Andrews, United Kingdom Mathematical Statistics v1000668 department Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC) v1000615 department MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system v1000618 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department The aim of this thesis is to develop statistical models to reconstruct past land cover composition and human land use based on fossil pollen records over Europe for different time periods over the past 6000 years. Accurate maps of past land cover and human land use are needed when studying the interaction between climate and land surface, and the effects of human land use on past climate. Existing land cover maps are mainly simulations from dynamic vegetation models and anthropogenic land cover change scenarios. Pollen records is an alternative to existing land cover estimates that might give better insight into past land cover. The pollen counts are extracted from lake and bog sediments and used to estimate the three land cover compositions; coniferous forest, broadleaved forest, and unforested land for grid cells surrounding the lakes and bogs.<br/><br/>In this thesis, first, a statistical model is developed to interpolate transformed<br/>pollen based land cover compositions (PbLCC) with spatial dependency modelled<br/>using a Gaussian Markov random Field (GMRF). The mean structure is modelled using a regression on different sets of covariates including elevation and model based vegetation estimates. The model is fitted using Integrated Nested<br/>Laplace Approximation. The results indicated the existence of spatial dependence structure in the PbLCC and the possibility of reconstructing past land cover from PbLCC. If the compositional data is over-dispersed, the transformed Gaussian model might underestimate the uncertainties. To capture the variation in the composition correctly, a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) for Dirichlet observations of a GMRF is developed. The model is estimated using MCMC with sparse precision matrix of the GMRF being used for computational efficiency. Comparison between the Dirichlet and Gaussian models showed the advantages of the Dirichlet in describing the PbLCC. The large discrepancies in the model based estimates used as covariates could affect the Dirichlet models ability to reconstruct past land cover. To assess this concern a sensitivity study was performed, showing that the results are robust to the choice of covariates. Finally, the BHM is extended to reconstruct past human land use by combing the PbLCC with anthropogenic land cover change estimates. This extension aims at decomposing the PbLCC into past natural land cover and human land use. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c2980af3-a480-45be-a346-80a33a8dd315 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17262380/Behnaz_P_incl_cover.pdf application/pdf 15664543 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351890/2016_11_23_README.txt text/plain 1056 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351893/Introduction.mp4 video/mp4 100614502 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351895/Composition.mp4 video/mp4 29153750 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351897/PaperA.mp4 video/mp4 92381199 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351899/Compositional_data_reconstruction_using_INLA.wmv audio/x-ms-wmv 67769069 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351901/PaperB.mp4 video/mp4 153574582 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351903/Uncertainty.mp4 video/mp4 34944978 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351905/PaperC.mp4 video/mp4 134176750 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17351907/PaperD.mp4 video/mp4 40089001 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research 2016-11 eng Spatial Statistics Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Dirichlet Observation Confidence Region Palaeoecology Past Human Land Use Stochastic Partial Differential Equation Environmental Sciences Probability Theory and Statistics Climate Science https://phd.behnaz.pirzamanbin.name/presentation/ https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/c2980af3-a480-45be-a346-80a33a8dd315 978-91-7753-076-3 978-91-7753-077-0 196 https://phd.behnaz.pirzamanbin.name/presentation https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349861/2016_11_23_README.txt text/plain https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349845/Introduction.mp4 video/mp4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349855/Composition.mp4 video/mp4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349847/PaperA.mp4 video/mp4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349859/Compositional_data_reconstruction_using_INLA.wmv audio/x-ms-wmv https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349849/PaperB.mp4 video/mp4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349857/Uncertainty.mp4 video/mp4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349851/PaperC.mp4 video/mp4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17349853/PaperD.mp4 video/mp4 2016-12-19T09:15:00+01:00 c2980af3-a480-45be-a346-80a33a8dd315 2016-11-18T14:32:20+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-18T14:32:20+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0a7cc46e-16de-42c7-8ec7-a54f6dcf6c32 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall 3 at Skåne University Hospital, Lund 1 Filip Szczepankiewicz author e3a5949c-4d20-4ddc-834c-49be9ad46098 Markus Nilsson supervisor 184b601a-1489-410f-ab95-63746c281484 Jimmy Lätt supervisor 3974e6e3-0b5d-4a9a-b350-e3de72b558aa Freddy Ståhlberg supervisor 48638ec7-e49d-4b23-90c5-405662b93250 Professor Derek K. Jones opponent Cardiff University, United Kingdom Medical Radiation Physics, Lund v1000468 department Diffusion MRI provides a non-invasive probe of tissue microstructure. We recently proposed a novel method for diffusion-weighted imaging, so-called q-space trajectory encoding, that facilitates tensor-valued diffusion encoding. This method grants access to b-tensors with multiple shapes and enables us to probe previously unexplored aspects of the tissue microstructure. Specifically, we can disentangle diffusional heterogeneity that originates from isotropic and anisotropic tissue structures; we call this diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE).<br/>In Paper I, we investigated the statistical uncertainty of the total diffusional variance in the healthy brain. We found that the statistical power was heterogeneous between brain regions which needs to be taken into account when interpreting results.<br/>In Paper II, we showed how spherical tensor encoding can be used to separate the total diffusional variance into its isotropic and anisotropic components. We also performed initial validation of the parameters in phantoms, and demonstrated that the imaging sequence could be implemented on a high-performance clinical MRI system. <br/>In Paper III and V, we explored DIVIDE parameters in healthy brain tissue and tumor tissue. In healthy tissue, we found that diffusion anisotropy can be probed on the microscopic scale, and that metrics of anisotropy on the voxel scale are confounded by the orientation coherence of the microscopic structures. In meningioma and glioma tumors, we found a strong association between anisotropic variance and cell eccentricity, and between isotropic variance and variable cell density. <br/>In Paper IV, we developed a method to optimize waveforms for tensor-valued diffusion encoding, and in Paper VI we demonstrated that whole-brain DIVIDE is technically feasible at most MRI systems in clinically feasible scan times.<br/> Diffusion är den slumpmässiga rörelse hos partiklar som drivs av deras kinetiska energi. Den är oftast osynlig för blotta ögat, men den utgör en viktig funktion för vår överlevnad. Diffusionen står bland annat för transporten av näringsämnen över cellmembran, och det är diffusionen som gör att ämnen i kroppen blandas så att livsviktiga kemiska reaktioner kan ske.<br/>Man kan undersöka diffusionsprocessen i det vatten som finns i kroppen med hjälp av magnetresonanstomografi (MRT, eng. MRI). Diffusionsprocessen i biologisk vävnad är dock mycket komplex. Komplexiteten härstammar från vattnets interaktion med vävnad, eftersom diffusionen påverkas av omgivningen där den äger rum. I områden med tätt packade celler blir diffusionen långsam i alla riktningar, medan i cellstrukturer som är extremt avlånga, exempelvis nervfibrer, kan diffusions-hastigheten skilja sig mellan olika riktningar. Med en så kallad magnetkamera kan man avbilda diffusionshastigheten och därmed uttala sig om vävnadens struktur på mikroskopisk skala, helt utan invasiva ingrepp. Sådan information kan sedan användas för att undersöka friska vävnader, för diagnostik av sjuka vävnader eller för uppföljning av behandlingar. <br/>Om vävnaden uppvisar olika snabb diffusion inom ett litet område blir diffusionshastigheten heterogen. Denna typ av heterogenitet kan tänkas härröra från områden där friska celler blandas med celler som angripits av en sjukdom och ersatts med lös nekrotisk vävnad. Heterogeniteten kan också återspegla förekomst av avlånga cell-strukturer där vävnadens olika riktningar uppenbarar sig som heterogen diffusion. Denna avhandling beskriver en ny metodik för att mäta heterogenitet i diffusionsprocessen, och tolkar heterogeniteten med stöd av mikroskopi av vävnaden. Vi har utvecklat metoder för att särskilja dessa egenskaper, och visat att dessa kan bidra med ny information i både frisk hjärnvävnad och i tumörer.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0a7cc46e-16de-42c7-8ec7-a54f6dcf6c32 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17106279/Szczepankiewicz_2016_THESIS_COMPLETE_NOMANUSCRIPT.pdf application/pdf 21558605 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Radiation Physics 2016-11 eng Other Physics Topics Cancer and Oncology Radiology and Medical Imaging 978-91-7753-034-3 978-91-7753-035-0 87 2016-12-02T09:00:00+01:00 0a7cc46e-16de-42c7-8ec7-a54f6dcf6c32 2016-11-18T16:10:11+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-18T16:10:11+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d4c447d5-ee52-49a9-ad55-4669aed57e32 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Department of Physics, Rydberg Lecture Hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Julius Scherzinger author 2814811d-81f1-437b-9974-f43022e29aeb Kevin Fissum supervisor d44d05c7-335e-4c91-90e3-1f270ccff15b Richard Hall-Wilton supervisor d9c206e9-7330-4d36-a841-05aeb653343d Professor Robert Powell opponent University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Nuclear physics v1000629 department The He-3 “crisis” has become a fact in the last decade and large scale neutron detectors based on He-3 technologies have become unaffordable. This new He-3 reality has resulted in a major effort worldwide to develop replacement neutron-detector technologies. Many of these technologies are in their infancy and need to be thoroughly tested before becoming mainstream, while others are approaching commercialization and need to be certified. Still others which are commercially available today need to be tested before being installed in, for example, the instruments at the European Spallation Source ERIC. Detector technologies in all three stages of development need neutrons for controlled irradiations. Sources of neutrons for controlled irradiations include accelerators, nuclear reactors and radioactive sources. Neutrons produced in nuclear reactors and at accelerators have a very high cost of entry and a very high cost per neutron. In contrast, radioactive sources produce neutrons with a significantly lower cost of entry and lower cost per neutron. A drawback associated with radioactive sources is the associated isotropic mixed neutron/gamma-ray field. The Source Testing Facility has been established at the Division of Nuclear Physics at Lund University to provide a source-based neutron irradiation facility to local academic users and industry. This work presents the development of a cost-efficient test bed for the production of 2-6 MeV neutrons, an integral part of the Source Testing Facility. The test bed is based on actinide/9Be sources and lowers the barrier for local groups for precision neutron testing of detector technologies and shielding studies. Well-understood nuclear physics coincidence and time-of-flight measurement techniques are applied to unfold the mixed neutron/gamma-ray field and unambiguously identify the energies of the neutrons on an event-by-event basis. The Source Testing Facility thus developed is then used in conjunction with Arktis Radiation Detectors of Zurich, Switzerland for benchmarking the response of next generation He-4 based neutron detectors against standard NE-213 liquid scintillator detectors. The response of these standard NE-213 liquid scintillator detectors is then carefully unfolded and various models of the response of the scintillator itself are tested. The outputs of different actinide/Be-9 sources are then precisely compared in an effort to identify preferred actinides. And lastly, a complementary facility for the tagging of neutrons from the spontaneous-fission source Cf-252 is developed as a first step towards providing users the capability to measure the absolute, fast-neutron detection efficiency of their devices.<br/><br/> In late 2016, Lund is on the verge of becoming the center of accelerator-based material science in Europe.<br/>The MAX IV Laboratory, an electron synchrotron, was inaugurated in June 2016 with a scientific program to commence shortly and the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), a spallation neutron source, is presently under construction and anticipated to be fully operational by 2022.<br/>These facilities will put Lund firmly on the map as the location to conduct world-class research in advanced material science and engineering.<br/>And while both facilities share many scientific objectives, they provide access to very different probes of matter.<br/><br/>The soft photons produced at the MAX IV Laboratory preferentially interact with atomic electrons.<br/>In contrast, as neutrons are electrically uncharged, they tend to interact with the atomic nucleus.<br/>This makes neutrons highly penetrating particles and allows them to deeply probe samples.<br/>Further, neutrons have a magnetic moment.<br/>They can therefore be used to test magnetic properties of materials.<br/>As scattering cross sections are highly isotope dependent, neutrons are excellent probes for the identification of the isotopic composition of a sample.<br/>These properties make neutrons an ideal complementary probe to photons, which scale in their interaction strength by atomic number.<br/><br/>When constructed, ESS will be the neutron source with the highest neutron brilliance in the world.<br/>This makes ESS a technically challenging design with many firsts for the neutron-scattering community.<br/>With respect to neutron detection, two major challenges must be overcome to make ESS a success.<br/>First, the detectors of many instruments are designed to perform at never before seen neutron count rates and resolutions.<br/>Second, the lack of commercially available He-3 has resulted in large-scale neutron detectors based on He-3 technologies no longer being affordable.<br/>This new reality has resulted in a major effort worldwide to develop replacement neutron-detector technologies.<br/>Many of these technologies are in their infancy and need to be thoroughly tested before becoming mainstream, while others are approaching commercialization and need to be certified.<br/>Still others, being commercially available today, need to be tested before being installed in instruments.<br/><br/>To test detector technologies in all three stages of development, neutron sources for controlled irradiation are needed.<br/>Such sources of neutrons include accelerators, nuclear reactors and radioactive sources.<br/>Neutrons produced in nuclear reactors and at accelerators have a very high cost-of-entry and a very high cost-per-neutron.<br/>In contrast, radioactive sources produce neutrons at a significantly lower cost-per-neutron and with a substantially lower cost-of-entry.<br/>The Source Testing Facility (STF) has been established in Lund to provide a source-based irradiation facility to academic users and industry.<br/><br/>In this work, the development of a fast-neutron test bed, the core component of the STF, is presented.<br/>The neutron-irradiation techniques subsequently discussed are based on well-understood nuclear-physics methods.<br/>In particular, the “neutron tagging” technique is employed to measure neutron energy by time-of-flight.<br/>Time-of-flight is simply the elapsed time between neutron emission from a source and neutron detection at a well-defined distance from the source.<br/>This technique is used to establish energy-dependent neutron-response functions of detectors.<br/>To improve the resolution of the measurements, particle identification methods such as pulse-height and pulse-shape discrimination are employed.<br/>This is possible because the signals produced by many detectors differ in amplitude or shape for different incident radiations.<br/><br/>This thesis presents an overview of the results of a successful, inaugural collaboration between the Division of Nuclear Physics at Lund University and the Detector Group of the European Spallation Source ERIC. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d4c447d5-ee52-49a9-ad55-4669aed57e32 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17144255/PhD_Thesis_JuliusScherzinger.pdf application/pdf 25242281 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics 2016 eng actinide/Be fast-neutrons NE-213 liquid scintillator He-4 scintillators pulse-shape discrimination Cf-252 absolute detection efficiency neutron irradiation Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Scherzinger Physical Sciences 978-91-7623-924-7 978-91-7623-925-4 157 2016-12-16T13:15:00+01:00 d4c447d5-ee52-49a9-ad55-4669aed57e32 2016-11-19T20:35:29+01:00 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theses published V:C, V-building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 KAMSHAT TUSSUPOVA author 622774d6-5d11-4b52-9291-1997ee5b6bb5 Ronny Berndtsson supervisor ab2d4a19-e0d4-45fa-8cac-4f6f5474620d Torleif Bramryd supervisor 194acec3-b626-48c7-bc0b-f0562661f56e Docent Thomas Pettersson opponent Chalmers University of Technology Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) v1001221 department MECW: The Middle East in the Contemporary World v1001242 department Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is essential for both individual and population health as well as for quality of life and dignity. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require nations to ensure adequate water supply and sanitation for all. For Kazakhstan, this means that rural areas will need a much stronger attention as they have been rather neglected in efforts to comply with the previous UN Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). A new massive drinking water program in Kazakhstan has the aim to cover 80% of the rural people with access to tap water from a centralized piped system by 2020. This study aimed at establishing a foundation for a management system to better supply rural Kazakhstan with safe access to water and sanitation. The data collection included interviews with households in 37 villages in the Pavlodar area, Kazakhstan. The results can be seen as guidelines that can help to illuminate some of the uncounted challenges in future effort to meet the SDG targets in Kazakhstan as well as other similar areas in Central Asia. The study examined the current access to drinking water and sanitation services and willingness of people to pay to maintain the access to piped water in rural areas in Northern Kazakhstan, in order to establish a foundation for a water and sanitation management systems. The results show that there are several types of raw water sources and the most common one is private boreholes. Despite the efforts to provide people with potable water during the recently completed national water supply program there is still lack of access to tap water from the piped water supply system as well as access to a safe sanitation. And this can be explained by a lack of baseline data on access to water and sanitation. The baseline data reflecting the real situation in terms of water supply and sanitation are needed for targeting and designing the improvements. Another reason for failure of previous water supply programs is that interventions so far have been top-down. Furthermore, the responsible authorities need to appreciate that national drinking water programs need to be based on surveys of existing water and sanitation service as well as a shift to more bottom-up and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene oriented planning approaches. Results show that a majority of water source users want to connect to and pay for the maintenance of the piped water system and enjoy tap water at home. The study determined important determinants for the willingness to connect and pay; however, they are specific to each water user. Thus, integration of local water users is crucially important, since they are the beneficiaries of any water intervention program. This will show the actual need for any drinking water intervention and willingness to use and pay for the water supply systems. It will not be possible for Kazakhstan to reach 80% coverage of tap water from a centralized piped system to the rural people by 2020 according to the national water program whereas the safe access to WASH for rural people is the most important. In any case, considerable progress can only be made by carefully managing the existing water supply and sanitation system in joint collaboration with the local users. Hence, we see the present results as important first step in this direction. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b21e8ed2-37ae-43ef-83e2-8439860fd98d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16933200/Kamshat_Tussupova_Thesis.pdf application/pdf 12651950 no Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 2016-11-14 eng access to drinking water, sanitation, rural Kazakhstan, willingness to pay Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-086-2 978-91-7753-087-9 42 2016-12-09T10:15:00+01:00 b21e8ed2-37ae-43ef-83e2-8439860fd98d 2016-11-14T16:07:09+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-14T16:07:09+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0ece2944-f0cd-4d43-918e-24d64a1cdcaa 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Kristoffer Mattisson author 585fea1d-3de0-4e8a-8f58-9c42219f8191 Kristina Jakobsson supervisor e67a49de-c178-4fde-bac2-88a2c845353d Ellen Cromley supervisor e654e8ee-18e8-4da1-b23c-e90f58224c75 Carita Håkansson supervisor 8c068f4b-1b80-415a-a289-b2e823df3d63 PhD Dick Ettema opponent Human Geography and Planning, Urban Geography, Utrecht University Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Environmental health and occupational health v1001096 department Environmental health and occupational health research group Allt fler personer reser allt längre sträckor för att ta sig till och från jobbet. En starkt bidragande orsak till detta är en strävan att öka den ekonomiska tillväxten genom att göra arbetskraften tillgänglig över allt större geografiska områden. I Sverige har både pendlingstid och avstånd stadigt ökat under de senaste decennierna och idag tillbringar den genomsnittliga pendlaren mer än en timme sammanlagt om dagen på resor till och från jobbet.<br/><br/>Att pendla innebär för många en upplevelse av stress. Resan i sig kan vara stressande av flera anledningar. Osäkerhet kring om man kommer fram i tid, en känsla av att sakna kontroll, trängsel, buller och bilköer är exempel på saker som kan bidra till att resan är stressande. Orsaken till att pendlare blir stressade och mår dåligt är inte bara att resan i sig, utan kan också bero på man förlorar tid som kunnat användas till annat.<br/><br/>Enligt ekonomisk teori ska den individuella pendlaren kompenseras för den längre pendlingen genom högre lön, billigare eller bättre boende eller ett mer stimulerande jobb, som skulle kunna bidra till ökat välmående. Tidigare studier på långtidspendlare har dock visat att pendling också kan föra med sig negativa konsekvenser för hälsa och välmående.<br/><br/>Syftet med detta avhandlingsarbete var att studera sambanden mellan olika typer av pendlingsätt och pendlingstider och hälsa och välmående. Vi ville också se om det fanns geografiska särdrag, och om dessa geografiska särdrag i så fall förändras över tid.<br/>Studierna utgick ifrån de skånska folkhälsoenkäterna som skickats ut vart fjärde år (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012) till knappt 50,000 skåningar, varav dryga häften svarat vid varje tillfälle. Vi använde också data från deltagare år 2000 som fyllt i uppföljningsenkäter 2005 och 2010. I enkäterna frågades om ålder, kön, arbete, familjesituation, levnadsvanor, hälsa och välmående samt pendlingssätt och pendlingstid. Personer som var mellan 18-65 år, jobbade mer än 15 timmar i veckan och hade svarat på frågorna om hälsa och pendling valdes ut. Enkätdata kompletterades med registeruppgifter om inkomst, hem- och arbetsplatsadress. Utifrån adressuppgifter beräknades pendlingsavstånd och pendlingstid med hjälp av Geografiska Informations System (GIS).<br/>Vi fann att bil- och kollektiv pendlare rapporterade lägre självskattad hälsa i jämförelse med aktiva pendlare (gående och cyklister). Förekomsten av låg självskattad hälsa och lågt välmående ökade med ökande pendlingstid. Bland kollektivpendlarna så mådde de som hade längre än en timmes pendling enkelväg sämst. Bland bilpendlarna mådde de som pendlade 30-60 minuter sämst. En möjlig förklaring till detta skulle kunna vara att bilpendlare som har mer än 60 minuter enkelväg färdas i en lugnare trafikmiljö. Det är också en grupp som skiljer sig avseende socioekonomiska förhållanden.<br/><br/>En av våra studier fokuserade på bilpendlare som pendlade mellan 30-60 minuter enkel väg. Vi fann en högre förekomst av stress hos bilpendlare i sydvästra Skåne för åren 2000 och 2005. Mönstret var ändrat 2010. Då fanns högstressområdet i nordvästra Skåne. Sociodemografiska skillnader kunde inte förklara varför vi såg dessa skillnader och pendlingsmiljön (bilköer, hastighetsgränser, landskapet) är en trolig förklaring.<br/><br/>Socialt deltagande är en viktig aspekt av välmående och betraktas tillsammans med förtroende som en viktig del av det som kallas socialt kapital. Vi såg att det sociala deltagandet och generella förtroende för andra människor var lägre hos bilpendlare än hos kollektiv- och aktiva pendlare och minskade med ökande pendlingstid för bilpendlare. Men även kollektivpendlare som pendlade mer än en timme enkel väg hade lägre socialt deltagande.<br/><br/>Studierna i detta avhandlingsarbete är så kallade tvärsnittsstudier och det går därför inte att säkert veta om pendlingen lett till sämre hälsa och välmående eller om det är tvärtom. Resultaten kan därför inte användas för att bestämma orsakssamband.<br/>När pendlingstiden ökar förlängs den totala arbetsdagen. Liksom man funnit i tidigare studier av pendling och hälsa såg vi att pendlingstid och färdsätt verkade påverka hälsan och välmående för pendlare i Skåne. Mindre ledig tid och sämre hälsa och välmående för pendlaren kan även få konsekvenser för pendlarens familj. Ökad pendling med bil och kollektivtrafik kan även få konsekvenser för samhället om det ger högre kostnader på grund av sämre hälsa och välmående och mindre möjligheter till samhällsengagemang och deltagande. Allt fler personer reser allt längre sträckor för att ta sig till och från jobbet. En starkt bidragande orsak till detta är en strävan att öka den ekonomiska tillväxten genom att göra arbetskraften tillgänglig över allt större geografiska områden. I Sverige har både pendlingstid och avstånd stadigt ökat under de senaste decennierna och idag tillbringar den genomsnittliga pendlaren mer än en timme sammanlagt om dagen på resor till och från jobbet.<br/><br/>Att pendla innebär för många en upplevelse av stress. Resan i sig kan vara stressande av flera anledningar. Osäkerhet kring om man kommer fram i tid, en känsla av att sakna kontroll, trängsel, buller och bilköer är exempel på saker som kan bidra till att resan är stressande. Orsaken till att pendlare blir stressade och mår dåligt är inte bara att resan i sig, utan kan också bero på man förlorar tid som kunnat användas till annat.<br/>Enligt ekonomisk teori ska den individuella pendlaren kompenseras för den längre pendlingen genom högre lön, billigare eller bättre boende eller ett mer stimulerande jobb, som skulle kunna bidra till ökat välmående. Tidigare studier på långtidspendlare har dock visat att pendling också kan föra med sig negativa konsekvenser för hälsa och välmående.<br/><br/>Syftet med detta avhandlingsarbete var att studera sambanden mellan olika typer av pendlingsätt och pendlingstider och hälsa och välmående. Vi ville också se om det fanns geografiska särdrag, och om dessa geografiska särdrag i så fall förändras över tid.<br/><br/>Studierna utgick ifrån de skånska folkhälsoenkäterna som skickats ut vart fjärde år (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012) till knappt 50,000 skåningar, varav dryga häften svarat vid varje tillfälle. Vi använde också data från deltagare år 2000 som fyllt i uppföljningsenkäter 2005 och 2010. I enkäterna frågades om ålder, kön, arbete, familjesituation, levnadsvanor, hälsa och välmående samt pendlingssätt och pendlingstid. Personer som var mellan 18-65 år, jobbade mer än 15 timmar i veckan och hade svarat på frågorna om hälsa och pendling valdes ut. Enkätdata kompletterades med registeruppgifter om inkomst, hem- och arbetsplatsadress. Utifrån adressuppgifter beräknades pendlingsavstånd och pendlingstid med hjälp av Geografiska Informations System (GIS).<br/><br/>Vi fann att bil- och kollektiv pendlare rapporterade lägre självskattad hälsa i jämförelse med aktiva pendlare (gående och cyklister). Förekomsten av låg självskattad hälsa och lågt välmående ökade med ökande pendlingstid. Bland kollektivpendlarna så mådde de som hade längre än en timmes pendling enkelväg sämst. Bland bilpendlarna mådde de som pendlade 30-60 minuter sämst. En möjlig förklaring till detta skulle kunna vara att bilpendlare som har mer än 60 minuter enkelväg färdas i en lugnare trafikmiljö. Det är också en grupp som skiljer sig avseende socioekonomiska förhållanden.<br/><br/>En av våra studier fokuserade på bilpendlare som pendlade mellan 30-60 minuter enkel väg. Vi fann en högre förekomst av stress hos bilpendlare i sydvästra Skåne för åren 2000 och 2005. Mönstret var ändrat 2010. Då fanns högstressområdet i nordöstra Skåne. Sociodemografiska skillnader kunde inte förklara varför vi såg dessa skillnader och pendlingsmiljön (bilköer, hastighetsgränser, landskapet) är en trolig förklaring.<br/>Socialt deltagande är en viktig aspekt av välmående och betraktas tillsammans med förtroende som en viktig del av det som kallas socialt kapital. Vi såg att det sociala deltagandet och generella förtroende för andra människor var lägre hos bilpendlare än hos kollektiv- och aktiva pendlare och minskade med ökande pendlingstid för bilpendlare. Men även kollektivpendlare som pendlade mer än en timme enkel väg hade lägre socialt deltagande.<br/><br/>Studierna i detta avhandlingsarbete är så kallade tvärsnittsstudier och det går därför inte att säkert veta om pendlingen lett till sämre hälsa och välmående eller om det är tvärtom. Resultaten kan därför inte användas för att bestämma orsakssamband.<br/><br/>När pendlingstiden ökar förlängs den totala arbetsdagen. Liksom man funnit i tidigare studier av pendling och hälsa såg vi att pendlingstid och färdsätt verkade påverka hälsan och välmående för pendlare i Skåne. Mindre ledig tid och sämre hälsa och välmående för pendlaren kan även få konsekvenser för pendlarens familj. Ökad pendling med bil och kollektivtrafik kan även få konsekvenser för samhället om det ger högre kostnader på grund av sämre hälsa och välmående och mindre möjligheter till samhällsengagemang och deltagande.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0ece2944-f0cd-4d43-918e-24d64a1cdcaa https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17016270/Commuting_Health_and_Wellbeing_Mode_and_duration_matters.pdf application/pdf 3081563 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Epidemiology GIS Health Medical Geography Stress Medical and Health Sciences Health Sciences 978-91-7619-363-1 79 2016-12-16T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:137 0ece2944-f0cd-4d43-918e-24d64a1cdcaa 2016-11-16T14:16:05+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-11-16T14:16:05+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5f88207c-5cba-4106-9b44-293a5d3cc060 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 CARL ÖBERG author 0c888394-4d57-45c1-badb-5a7a578424dd Bengt Rippe supervisor 924a9338-1c6c-473f-8991-fe63848f7de3 Josefin Axelsson supervisor 473c17b8-b61f-4c87-bab6-a6cc0b893f37 Associate Professor John Kenneth Leypoldt opponent Deerfield Nephrology v1000438 department Renal physiology and peritoneal dialysis v1001007 department Renal physiology and peritoneal dialysis research group The current work is devoted entirely to the study of passive transport phenomena, or more specifically, the more simple diffusion, electric migration and filtration of solute matter and water over glomerular and peritoneal capillary walls. The driving forces behind such trans-capillary transport phenomena have long been assumed to be simple gradients of concentration, hydrostatic pressure and electric potential. Despite decades of research, the relative importance of these different transport mechanisms remains a highly controversial subject. In Study I we explore the subject of charge selectivity in the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). The results of this study indicate that electrical charge may be of less importance in the hindrance of charged molecules in the GFB than previously thought.In Study II, we construct a distributed two-pore model and use it to analyze experimental data (θ vs. SE-radius). The results indicate that the wide distribution obtained in the data analysis may be due to a variation in solute size rather than a true variation in pore size. In addition, several theoretical results are presented such as Poiseuille’s law for a distributed pore population. Study III: One of the many unresolved questions regarding the GFB is the reason behind the marked difference in permeability between albumin and Ficoll. In this study, the distributed two-pore model is extended by introducing size distributions on the solute molecules. Experimental data from the rat glomerulus and from precision-made nanopore membranes are analyzed. We show that a variation of only 16% in the size of the solute molecule is sufficient to explain the difference in permeability between albumin and Ficoll. Study IV: The three-pore model is a widely applied model of peritoneal dialysis. Here an extended version of the classical model is used to optimize automated peritoneal dialysis for a wide range of different scenarios. The results show that large reductions (&gt;20%) in glucose absorption are possible by using optimized (bi-modal) regimes. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5f88207c-5cba-4106-9b44-293a5d3cc060 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17018881/Carl_berg_Komplett.pdf application/pdf 10867727 no 1 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Peritoneal dialysis glomerular filtration barrier pore model automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) three-pore model Physiology and Anatomy Clinical Medicine 978-91-7619-372-3 978-91-7619-377-8 50 2016-12-09T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:145 5f88207c-5cba-4106-9b44-293a5d3cc060 2016-11-16T17:47:30+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-11-16T17:47:30+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:00d94dd7-abaa-47a1-b1ed-ee0c68270813 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal 3, Centralblocket, Getingevägen 4, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Helena Cirenajwis author 771a08f0-2cb1-40df-b11c-def396fac558 Göran B Jönsson supervisor ac0b4551-a9d6-47f0-ba3d-3075acac22e4 Johan Staaf supervisor 5f4154d5-0276-4115-82cd-fa0181f1d209 Jillian Howlin supervisor 8f27f6ac-d28f-49f1-9649-3f3ff1d7864f Christian Ingvar supervisor 4565451a-9dc7-4333-b09c-ee886295ec50 professor Mitchell Levesque opponent University of Zürich Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Zürich, Switzerland Melanoma Genomics v1001092 department Breastcancer-genetics v1000472 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Melanoma Genomics research group Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the most lethal form of skin cancer and its incidence has increased faster than that of any other cancer, rendering it a major public health problem worldwide. High-throughput screenings have opened the door to a new scientific world, which enables molecular-based characterization of large cancer cohort collections. The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to explore the molecular landscapes of melanoma tumors on a genomic and transcriptomic level and subsequently correlate certain molecular features with patient survival, treatment response and tumor evolutionary patterns. <br/><br/>In Paper I, it was concluded that metastatic melanoma could be divided into transcriptomic subtypes (gene expression (GEX) phenotypes) possessing diverse biological and clinical features. Patients harboring melanomas infiltrated by immune cells, i.e. the high-immune subtype, showed a superior survival, whereas highly proliferative melanomas, i.e. the proliferative subtype, was correlated to a poor survival outcome and resistance to targeted therapies. Moreover, it was also shown that, irrespectively of the GEX phenotypes, melanomas could be divided into genomic subtypes based on genetic aberrations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In Paper II, it was found that mutations in the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromin 1 (NF1), was linked to inferior survival. <br/><br/>Today, it is well accepted that most tumors possess some level of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), i.e. subclonality, influencing disease progression. In Papers III and IV, the evolutionary aspects of melanoma were considered by analyzing ITH, as well as disease progression on a molecular basis. When analyzing multiple metastatic lesions from individual patients, we found that most tumors were genetically different, with a common stem of genetic aberrations and the addition of new “private” ones, thus pointing to continued evolution during progression. Moreover, the GEX proliferative phenotype appeared to be correlated to a later disease course. From multiregional biopsies from single tumors, it was found that mutations in the MAPK signaling pathway appeared to be early events in tumorigenesis. Heterogeneous somatic mutations were found in the range of 3-38%, thus highlighting different levels of subclonality in melanoma. A high degree of mutational heterogeneity was associated with a more aggressive disease progression. <br/><br/>In conclusion, melanoma is a complex molecular disease that can be characterized by genomic and transcriptomic signatures with clinical implications. However, a single biopsy might not reflect the true tumor complexity, and subclonality may be one reason behind resistance development.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/00d94dd7-abaa-47a1-b1ed-ee0c68270813 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17061083/Webb_Helena_C_kappa.pdf application/pdf 4544706 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Melanoma, molecular subtypes, gene expression, next generation sequencing Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-371-6 71 http://www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/index.php?journal=oncotarget&page=article&op=view&path[]=3655&pubmed-linkout=1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359751/ http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/76/16/4765.long 2016-12-08T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:144 00d94dd7-abaa-47a1-b1ed-ee0c68270813 2016-11-17T11:16:13+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z 2016-11-17T11:16:13+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6029f8a2-9556-420f-a213-4c0c2123ecde 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published LUX, Lower Hall C116A, Sölvegatan i Lund 1 Susanna Whitling author 200f506d-698f-41bc-9b86-8e1fd184d20e Roland Rydell supervisor d9d678c0-09ad-4c45-b182-a31cbc4487a0 Viveka Lyberg-Åhlander supervisor cba71acd-ba6e-47a0-8777-99280906b8dc associate professor Jennifer Oates opponent La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology v1000449 department The voice group v1001028 department The voice group research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6029f8a2-9556-420f-a213-4c0c2123ecde https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16767984/Whitling_electronic_thesis.pdf application/pdf 3296874 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng vocal loading; vocal recovery; functional dysphonia; voice rest; voice accumulation 978-91-7619-370-9 88 2016-12-02T09:15:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:143 6029f8a2-9556-420f-a213-4c0c2123ecde 2016-11-10T11:31:20+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-11-10T11:31:20+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9284f1ea-e14d-43fd-95d9-362a30aea721 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Joao Henriques author 0156999b-5671-4f96-8152-808e5c9bcb74 Marie Skepö supervisor ed8299e4-0e9d-4dbb-9a76-3471cc6d5614 Mikael Lund supervisor 19146bd3-d347-4a94-93a8-1d1a11e3f988 Ph.D. Robert B. Best opponent National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Computational Chemistry v1000659 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Structural characterization of Histatin 5-spermidine conjugates: a combined experimental and theoretical study project This work is primarily about the development, validation and application of computer simulation models for intrinsically disordered proteins, both in solution and in the presence of uniformly charged, ideal surfaces. The models in question are either coarse-grained or atomistic in nature, and their applications are dependent on the specific purpose of each study. Both, Metropolis Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to execute them.<br/>In regard to the coarse-grained models, it was found that a simple physical model can be used to mimic the properties of flexible proteins, helping to understand how and why these proteins adsorb to surfaces under certain conditions. The same model later shown that two disordered proteins from different sources (saliva and milk) possess similar structural and thermodynamic properties in solution and when adsorbed to surfaces, thus being hypothesized that it may be possible to use one of them as a substitute for the other under a pharmaceutical context.<br/>After a first indication that the atomistic models used until recently for the simulation of well-folded proteins may not be applicable to their disordered counterparts, it was then confirmed - by evaluating several such models against experimental evidence - that these models do indeed produce overly collapsed IDP conformational ensembles. New models, favoring protein–water over protein–protein interactions, were then shown to effectively produce more extended conformations, which are in much better agreement with each other and with experimental evidence. One of the new atomistic models was then used to perform the structural characterization of a disordered peptide conjugated to a small molecule, which has been shown to possess promising therapeutical applications. The value of computer simulations is well illustrated in this study, as the insight obtainable from experiment was limited and it was only through the analysis of the simulations that a possible link between the average conjugate structure and its increased antifungal activity is established. Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. In very simple terms, a protein can be defined as a linear chain of subunits called amino acid residues. The individual amino acid residues are sequentially bonded together by peptide bonds. There are 20 standard amino acids in nature and their specific order of appearance in a protein chain is thought to determine its structure and function. For a very long time it was assumed that the structure of a protein and its function were mutually inclusive, and exceptions to the norm were often either “swept under the rug” or branded as mere curiosities of little relevance. Around the turn of the millennium, mounting evidence of structural disorder in a considerable amount of otherwise perfectly functional proteins lead to a change in paradigm. It is now known that structural disorder is not only abundant in all species, as it is also an advantage for proteins involved in functions which benefit from structural malleability.<br/>Despite the considerable, recent interest in the study of intrinsically disordered proteins (likely due to their implication in a number of human diseases), the lack of a well-defined structure represents a substantial obstacle to their structural characterization by classic, high-resolution experimental methods. Some lower resolution methods can provide information about the average shape and size of the collection of structures that a disordered protein can attain in solution. However, computational methods are generally necessary to aid in interpreting and complementing the information that can be obtained from experimental data. One of such methods is the computer simulation of proteins, where a computer model of the protein is run for a certain period of time, in order to observe and register the most relevant spatial arrangements which the protein may adopt and freely convert between. It is from this collection of arrangements that interesting structural and thermodynamic properties can be calculated, making computer simulations very powerful tools.<br/>The papers included in this thesis deal with the development, validation and application of computer simulation models for flexible and disordered proteins, both in solution and at interfaces. In Paper II it was found that a simple physical model can be used to mimic the properties of flexible proteins, helping to understand how and why these proteins adsorb to surfaces under certain conditions. In Paper III, the same simple model shown that two disordered proteins from different sources (saliva and milk) have very similar properties in solution and when adsorbed to surfaces. Thus, it was hypothesized that it may be possible to use one of them as a substitute for the other under a pharmaceutical context. Paper I was the catalyst for a series of studies (Papers IV – VI) involving more detailed protein models. Among other things, this study provided an indication that the atomistic models used until then, for the simulation of proteins with well-defined structures, may not be applicable to their disordered counterparts. This was later confirmed in Paper IV, by evaluating several such models against experimental evidence. A similar evaluation was conducted for two new independent approaches developed with disordered proteins in mind. The results (presented in Papers IV and V) were shown to be in excellent agreement with each other and with experiment, which represents a considerable step forward in the search for accurate and predictive models for the simulation of disordered proteins. Finally, in Paper VI, one of the new atomistic models was used to perform the structural characterization of a disordered peptide conjugated to a small molecule, which has been shown to possess promising therapeutical applications. The value of computer simulations is well illustrated in this study, as the insight obtainable from experiment is limited and it is only through the analysis of the simulations that a possible link between the average conjugate structure and its increased antifungal activity was established. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9284f1ea-e14d-43fd-95d9-362a30aea721 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16773089/thesis_no_papers.pdf application/pdf 4505826 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry 2016-11 eng Intrinsically disordered proteins Coarse-grained models Atomistic models Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations Molecular dynamics simulations Sampling Conformational analysis Charge regulation Surface adsorption Theoretical Chemistry (including Computational Chemistry) 978-91-7422-489-4 978-91-7422-490-0 90 2016-12-09T13:00:00+01:00 9284f1ea-e14d-43fd-95d9-362a30aea721 2016-11-10T14:00:02+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-10T14:00:02+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2082a6a5-8f54-4d15-a791-85efb8a88eef 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall F, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Cristina Teixeira author f9cdb16b-2027-4756-9caa-c0944d1b8031 Margareta Nyman supervisor 5f648c5c-1b7b-49fa-ad7f-6c71a04dd474 Marie Alminger supervisor Professor Jan Delcour opponent Leuven University, Belgium Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum v1000921 department Food for Health Science Centre v1000920 department Barley is a good source of dietary fibre, particularly β-glucan and arabinoxylan, to increase formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Butyric and propionic acid are involved in the preservation of colonic barrier function, thus decreasing the risk of inflammation. Previous studies have shown that malting barley increased formation of butyric acid in caecum of rats and had abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria than unmalted barley. However, this differed between malts, probably due to the differences in fibre functional characteristics.The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of barley variety and malting conditions on the functional properties of the dietary fibre in barley malt products, with the overall aim of improving intestinal health. Focus was given to β-glucan functional properties, but also arabinoxylan. The influence of these fibres on substrate delivery to the colon, SCFAs formation, microbiota composition and gene expression was investigated.In the first study, rats fed commercial barley malts had a higher level of butyric and propionic acids in the caecum and portal serum than those fed control diets (cellulose). β-glucan with broader molecular weight seemed to better increase the caecal SCFA formation. In addition, the malts contributed to improved mucosal barrier function and inflammatory state by decreasing mRNA expression of tight junction protein and toll-like receptors in the small intestine and distal colon. However, malt with high amounts of advanced glycation end-products seemed to attenuate the effect on occludin (tight junction protein) in the small intestine.To evaluate the possibility of using malting to tailor functional characteristics of the fibre, three barley varieties were malted using different temperatures and levels of lactic acid in the steeping water. The extent to which barley components changed depended on the variety. Steeping at 35°C with 0.4% lactic acid preserved soluble fibre and β-glucan content better, but not the soluble arabinoxylan, compared with steeping at 15°C and without lactic acid. However, no changes in β-glucan molecular weight (&gt; 10 kDa) were observed. β-glucan molecular weight analysed with AF4 at a wider molecular weight range (&gt; 2 kDa), was shown to be affected by both variety and processing (steeping or mashing) to different extents. Addition of proteolytic enzymes shifted the β-glucan of high molecular weight to a lower molecular weight range, suggesting that proteins are involved in the structure of β-glucan, which might result in an apparently higher molecular weight.After passage through a dynamic gastrointestinal in vitro model (TIM-1), it was observed that β-glucan molecular weight gradually decreased in the different barley products investigated. The longer in vitro transit time of soluble fibre and β-glucan was related to their high content and/or molecular weight, which also seemed to be linked to a higher degree of fermentation in an in vivo model (rats).In the last study it was investigated the differences of microbiota composition in rats fed barley malt products. Rats fed malt products had higher microbiota diversity (negatively associated with ulcerative colitis and obesity) than those fed barley extracts rich in arabinoxylan or β-glucan, and control. Malts contributing with a higher content of β-glucan increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Blautia and tended to increase butyric acid, whereas soluble arabinoxylan increased Akkermansia and propionic acid in the caecum. By mixing barley products (brewers’ spent grain and malt) it was possible to modulate the microbiota into an intermediary abundance of taxa, with slight increase of butyric acid compared with malt alone.In conclusion, malting seems to be a potential processing method for tailoring barley composition to promote intestinal health. Both the selection of barley variety and the processing conditions affected the composition of malt products. The resulting barley products with a high content of soluble fibre, β-glucan and soluble arabinoxylan, enhanced colon fermentation, microbiota composition and, to some extent, the SCFA formation. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2082a6a5-8f54-4d15-a791-85efb8a88eef https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17104856/Kappa.pdf application/pdf 5616735 no 2016 eng Barley malt steeping Beta-glucan beta-glucan molecular weight Arabinoxylan short-chain fatty acids Microbiota Food Science (including Product Quality) Nutrition and Dietetics 978-91-7753-084-8 978-91-7753-085-5 83 2016-12-21T09:15:00+01:00 2082a6a5-8f54-4d15-a791-85efb8a88eef 2016-11-11T10:37:01+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-11T10:37:01+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:285ed247-9202-4929-92f7-2c893d3112fb 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre II, lecture hall “Pangea”, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Giuliana Zanchi author 1c86552a-c6b0-432a-8545-0c974a9f02be Cecilia Akselsson supervisor 306b633c-2a37-4f7c-b456-b27d290d60c1 Salim Belyazid supervisor 49f2302a-9798-4acb-a1d8-0de854302bc7 Dr. Jens Fölster opponent Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Forests provide multiple products and services which are all are linked to water resources. Trees need water to grow and, at the same time, they change the quality and the quantity of runoff by modifying water and nutrient cycling. The understanding of the interactions between forest and water is fundamental to assess the consequences of natural and anthropogenic pressures, such as climate change and forest management, on the provision of forest products and services.<br/>Due to the complexity of ecosystems, models are often used to understand the interactions between different system components under a changing environment. ForSAFE is a dynamic, mechanistic ecosystem model simulating the storage and fluxes of chemical elements in forest ecosystems. It was developed to better understand the effects of environmental changes on the chemistry of forest biomass, soil and soil water at the forest plot level.<br/>The first two studies in this thesis are examples of the application of ForSAFE in forest stands in Southern Sweden. The model is used to simulate the effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on different ecosystem indicators, including indicators of soil water quality. The studies show that nutrient leaching below the rooting zone is positively related to the nutrient availability at the site, soil disturbances and the amount of organic material left in the forest after tree felling or a storm. Both types of disturbance produce a temporary increase of the acidity of the soil solution, but long-term effects where not predicted by the model. Compared to harvesting, a higher nutrient release in the soil solution can occur after storms due to root lifting causing increased mineralisation, a larger amount of biomass left at the site due to technical and economic constraints and larger canopy openings. In addition, sea-salt episodes can increase the acidity of the soil solution in the first years after the storm. When considering other ecosystem services, trade-offs can exist between the reduction of nutrient loads in the soil solution and the accumulation of carbon in the forest.<br/>The conclusions drawn from the application of ForSAFE at the forest plot level are valid for the soil water chemistry in the unsaturated zone. In this thesis, an effort has been made to expand the model simulations from the plot to the hillslope scale to understand how forest ecosystems can affect the chemistry of the streams. A new hydrology concept was integrated in ForSAFE-2D that simulates two-dimensional flows of water and chemical elements from the forest to the stream.<br/>ForSAFE-2D allows a better representation of the moisture content by simulating an increasing water saturation level in deeper soil layers and towards the stream. The simulated transport of a tracer along a hillslope shows that the model is capable of capturing the average concentrations of the tracer in the stream. This capability is based on a correct representation of the long-term average runoff and of tracer concentrations in the soil solution.<br/>The results also highlight some of the issues that should be addressed by follow-up research studies. The partitioning of water between base flow and peak flows suggests that the simulation of flow paths by ForSAFE-2D should be re-evaluated. A correct representation of flow paths will be crucial when simulating the transport of elements or compounds which change concentration with depth or distance from the stream (e.g. dissolved organic matter). In addition, the effects of saturation on weathering, as well as decomposition, show that the regulation of these processes at increasing moisture contents should be updated. Finally, the process regulating the allocation of carbon and nutrients to foliage should be revised to increase the share of foliage in the tree biomass and thereby correct the simulation of evapotranspiration. Skogar tillhandahåller en mångfald av produkter och tjänster som alla är kopplade till vattenresurser. Träd behöver vatten för att växa och samtidigt förändrar träd kvalitén och kvantiteten av avrinningen genom modifiering av vatten- och näringsämneskretsloppet. Förståelsen av samspelet mellan skog och vatten är grundläggande för att kunna utvärdera konsekvenserna av naturlig och antropogen påverkan, såsom klimatförändring och skogsbruksåtgärder, på försörjningen av skogsprodukter och tjänster.<br/>På grund av ekosystemens komplexitet används ofta modeller för att förstå interaktionerna mellan olika delar av systemen under förändrande förhållanden. ForSAFE är en dynamisk, mekanistisk ekosystemmodell som simulerar lagring och flöde av kemiska ämnen i skogsekosystem. Modellen har utvecklats för att bättre förstå påverkan av miljöförändringar på skogsbiomassans kemi samt mark- och markvattenkemi på skogsbeståndsnivå.<br/>De första två studierna i denna avhandling är exempel på tillämpning av ForSAFE i skogsbestånd i södra Sverige. Modellen används för att simulera effekterna av naturliga och antropogena störningar på olika ekosystemsindikatorer, inklusive indikatorer för markvattenkvalitet. Studierna visar att näringsämnesurlakning nedanför rotzonen är positivt relaterad till näringsämnestillgänglighet på platsen, markstörningar samt mängden organiskt material som lämnats kvar efter avverkning eller storm. Båda störningstyperna leder till en tillfällig ökning av surhetsgraden i markvattnet men långsiktiga effekter förutsågs inte av modellen. Jämfört med avverkning kan det förekomma en ökad frigörelse av näringsämnen i markvattnet efter stormar på grund av rotryckning som orsakar ökad mineralisering, en större mängd biomassa som lämnas kvar på plats på grund av tekniska och ekonomiska begränsningar samt större öppningar i krontaket. Dessutom kan havssaltsepisoder öka surhetsgraden av markvattnet de första åren efter stormen. När man beaktar andra ekosystemstjänster kan det behövas avvägningar mellan minskningen av näringsämnesbelastning i markvattnet och kollagring i skogen.<br/>De slutsatser som kan dras från användningen av ForSAFE på skogsbeståndsnivå gäller för markvattenkemi i den omättade zonen. I denna avhandling har modellsimuleringarna utvecklats från beståndsnivå till sluttningsnivå, för att förstå hur skogsekosystem kan påverka kemin i små vattendrag. Ett nytt hydrologiskt koncept har integrerats i ForSAFE-2D, som simulerar tvådimensionella flöden av vatten och kemiska ämnen från skogen till vattendraget.<br/>ForSAFE-2D möjliggör en bättre representation av fukthalten genom att simulera en ökad vattenmättnadsnivå i djupare jordskikt och närmre vattendragen. Den simulerade transporten av ett spårämne utmed sluttningen visar att modellen är kapabel att fastställa den genomsnittliga koncentrationen av spårämnet i vattendraget. Denna förmåga är baserad på en korrekt beskrivning av det långsiktiga genomsnittliga flödet och spårämneskoncentrationen i markvattnet.<br/>Resultaten belyser också några frågor som bör behandlas i uppföljningsstudier. Uppdelningen av vatten mellan basflöde och maximalt flöde antyder att simuleringen av flödesvägar i ForSAFE-2D bör utvärderas på nytt. En korrekt beskrivning av flödesvägar kommer att vara nödvändig vid simulering av transporten av grundämnen och föreningar som ändrar koncentration beroende på djup eller avstånd från vattendrag (t.ex. löst organiskt material). Dessutom visar effekterna av mättnad på vittring såväl som på nedbrytning att reglering av dessa processer vid ökande fukthalt bör uppdateras. Slutligen bör processen som reglerar allokeringen av kol och näringsämnen till blad/barr ses över för att öka andelen blad/barr i trädbiomassan, och därmed korrigera simuleringen av evapotranspiration. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/285ed247-9202-4929-92f7-2c893d3112fb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17013153/GiulianaZanchi_Thesis_incl._cover.pdf application/pdf 5466258 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2016-11 eng forest dynamic modelling hydrology biogeochemistry ecosystem service Environmental Sciences 978-91-85793-67-9 978-91-85793-68-6 131 2016-12-15T10:00:00+01:00 285ed247-9202-4929-92f7-2c893d3112fb 2016-11-11T12:45:18+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-11T12:45:18+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cfa83195-7a6c-42f4-9765-4703680f347e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Veronika Lunina author d315506e-5dd9-416e-8e3c-52acd32a2919 Birger Nilsson supervisor 95eb15c6-4575-4c54-a929-0600855dc0f1 Karl Larsson supervisor b0912f16-3d22-4247-84ba-837b281f9ab7 Rikard Green supervisor 62b80ffe-f295-474c-99ae-009ba3e92b8f Professor Fred Espen Benth opponent Oslo University Department of Economics v1000029 department Multivariate Modelling of Energy Markets project This thesis contributes to the empirical energy finance literature and consists of three research papers. The common denominator for all papers is the multivariate modelling approach, placing the electricity market at the core and delving into its interdependencies on fundamentally related markets and factors.<br/>In the first paper, we focus on the multivariate modelling of the return series of electrical power, natural gas, coal and carbon emission allowances in the German energy market. We pay special attention to selecting an appropriate volatility model allowing for cross-commodity effects, coupled with a flexible skew-Student distribution for the error terms. We discuss the relationship between the discovered volatility spillover effects and the fundamental developments in the energy markets.<br/>The second paper develops a comprehensive analysis of the transmission of independent shocks from the gas, coal and carbon markets to the power market, building on the estimation results from the first paper and employing the novel Volatility Impulse Response Function (VIRF) methodology. We find that spillover effects show significant time variation and are substantial in size.<br/>The third paper presents a model for the joint dynamics of the Nordic system spot power price together with its major demand-side factor, the outdoor temperature, and its major supply-side factor, the hydrological balance. We demonstrate how the model can be utilized in meteorological scenario analysis. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cfa83195-7a6c-42f4-9765-4703680f347e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16810806/VeronikaLunina_Thesis.pdf application/pdf 2111209 no Lund Economic Series no. 198 Department of Economics, Lund University 2016-11-16 eng energy markets volatility spillover skew-Student asymmetric BEKK volatility impulse response function temperature hydrobalance electricity Economics 978-91-7753-056-5 978-91-7753-057-2 123 2017-02-02T10:15:00+01:00 cfa83195-7a6c-42f4-9765-4703680f347e 2016-11-11T13:35:54+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-11T13:35:54+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e4490d79-3c97-4cf5-9d69-2f47bd5ed47a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Stora hörsalen, Ingvar Kamprad Designcenter IKDC, Sölvegatan 26, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 TOBIAS HEY author 994a883b-ed74-4653-88bb-1e28065108fb Karin Jönsson supervisor e7cd5416-7498-4b07-b192-c57c2fb5e587 Jes La Cour Jansen supervisor 3951530c-095d-4c30-a383-b6cbd273bde4 Åsa Davidsson supervisor fc21e1ab-05ae-43e3-8343-cad733600d35 Henrik Aspegren supervisor 0a64f627-f39b-4019-9883-64b9aedb21da MSc, Director Frank Rogalla opponent FCC Aqualia, Madrid, Spain Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department Conventional wastewater treatment plants are designed for treating manmade wastewater (e.g., from households and industries) and to protect the environment (e.g., receiving water bodies) and humans from adverse effects.<br/>The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of treating municipal wastewater without a biological treatment step by applying different separation processes, such as microsieving, microfiltration and forward osmosis. The scope of this work was to treat municipal wastewater with a lower area demand while meeting the Swedish wastewater discharge requirements and allowing for the integration of the new separation techniques with existing full-scale wastewater treatment plants. To achieve these goals, pilot-plant and bench scale studies were conducted using raw municipal wastewater on-site at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant.<br/>Two different treatment concepts were identified to be feasible for municipal wastewater treatment based on the experimental findings. The first concept comprised coagulation and anionic flocculation before microsieving with subsequent microfiltration. The second concept only included microsieving and forward osmosis. Both concepts were evaluated for their specific electricity, energy and area demands, including sludge treatment, and were compared with five existing conventional wastewater treatment plants.<br/>Both concepts complied with the Swedish wastewater discharge demands for only small- and medium-sized wastewater treatment plants because up to only 65% of the nitrogen was retained. Nevertheless, both concepts achieved high retentions, with ≥96% for biochemical oxygen demand, ≥94% for chemical oxygen demand, and ≥99% for total phosphorus. Furthermore, the evaluation of both concepts showed that the specific electricity demand was 30% lower than the average specific electricity demand for 105 traditional Swedish wastewater treatment plants with population sizes of 1 500-10 000. In addition, the specific area demand could be reduced by at least 73% for existing wastewater treatment plants supporting the same population or a population of equivalent magnitude. Moreover, the results indicated that the new method had positive effects on electricity and energy due to the increased biogas potential compared to conventional wastewater treatment. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e4490d79-3c97-4cf5-9d69-2f47bd5ed47a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16812792/Municipal_wastewater_treatment_by_microsieving_microfiltration_and_forward_osmosis.pdf application/pdf 4070255 no Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2016-11-11 eng Direct membrane filtration electricity energy forward osmosis microfiltration microsieving municipal wastewater treatment treatment concept Direct membrane filtration Electricity Energy Forward osmosis Microfiltration Microsieving Municipal wastewater treatment Treatment concept Engineering and Technology 978-91-7422-491-7 978-91-7422-492-4 173 2016-12-09T09:15:00+01:00 e4490d79-3c97-4cf5-9d69-2f47bd5ed47a 2016-11-11T17:04:29+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-11T17:04:29+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d598c820-536b-42b4-9e0d-1c031299001a 2025-10-21T11:04:21Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 MARIANNE ALANKO BLOMÉ author 41504ff4-d03f-47c8-8ab1-f5221bff7556 Anders Widell supervisor 8dedfd5d-51df-46b7-aa78-8436387d4eb0 Per Björkman supervisor 72b464c4-9c0e-4ccc-96f2-dd4d64a152cc professor Maria Prins opponent Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam Infectious Diseases Research Unit v1000509 department Infectious Diseases Research Unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d598c820-536b-42b4-9e0d-1c031299001a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16928786/Thesis_framework_MAB.pdf application/pdf 2030380 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Hepatitis B HIV prevention people who inject drugs Needle exchange program HBV vaccination Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-367-9 130 2016-12-03T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:140 d598c820-536b-42b4-9e0d-1c031299001a 2016-11-14T10:18:00+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:21Z 2016-11-14T10:18:00+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0703f211-06da-4600-863a-b17de3a8f0ca 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Jubileumsaulan, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Cecilia Frej author 67c2de05-72cc-43e8-8f19-54d626f61320 Björn Dahlbäck supervisor af8bc212-faed-4e7f-b560-9a1b22e1fce1 Kaisa Happonen supervisor 460cc4a7-efe7-4150-864e-c3bc6590b0f6 professor Arnold von Eckardstein opponent University Hospital in Zürich Clinical Chemistry, Malmö v1000574 department Clinical Chemistry, Malmö research group HDL is believed to be protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD) via the reverse cholesterol transport and anti-inflammatory actions in the vessel. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is an apolipoprotein mainly associated with HDL. Recently ApoM was proven to<br/>be the main carrier of Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in circulation. SIP is a signaling phospholipid involved in the immune system, exerting most of its effects through signaling via 5-G-protein coupled receptors; SlPl-5. <br/><br/>The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of the apoM/SlP-complex in vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis. We also want to study the interaction between the apoM/SlP-complex and the SlP-receptors.<br/><br/>We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for SlP-quantification in plasma and cell extracts. We found that plasma levels of SIP and apoM were decreased in sepsis, levels reflecting the severity of the disease. The apoM/SlP-complex contributes to the anti-inflammatory effects exerted by HDL as shown in vitro by its inhibiting potential of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules on the endothelial surface and by its increment of the endothelial barrier function. Plasma levels of apoM and SIP in type-l-diabetes (TlD)- patients (who have increased risk of developing CVD) were not altered compared to healthy controls. However, HDL-particles from TlD showed decreased anti-inflammatory effects which were not related to reduced presence of apoM and S1P. The apoM/S1P-complex could interact with all SlP-receptors as shown by internalization of<br/>fluorescently labelled S1P-receptors overexpressed in HEK293-cells. Interestingly, extracellular levels of apoM and SIP could detemine which receptor was available at the cellular surface.<br/><br/>ln conclusion, our data suggest apoM and SlP to have a role in acute and chronic inflammation. Future research could help us clarify how the apoM/SlP-complex signals through the different SlP-receptors in different inflammatory disorders and hence contribute in developing new therapies against diseases in the vasculature.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0703f211-06da-4600-863a-b17de3a8f0ca https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18171482/161031_Cecilia_F_kappa.pdf application/pdf 18164892 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18171485/Abstract_avandlingen_2016_11_15.pdf application/pdf 48909 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Phospholipids sepsis Atherosclerosis Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-368-6 98 2016-12-02T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:141 0703f211-06da-4600-863a-b17de3a8f0ca 2016-11-14T10:48:07+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-11-14T10:48:07+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M:B, building M, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Yann Gallo author 5affca5a-39d7-4489-8fcd-2352cdcaeab4 Öivind Andersson supervisor 6c8ba8ef-efd0-4f18-a099-1432b09b4ac3 Dr Ezio Mancaruso opponent Istituto Motori, Italy Sustainable energy systems v1000207 department Diesel engines are the most common engine technology used in transportation. Its widespread use comes from its inherent high efficiency and its relative low cost. It suffers from pollutant emission issues, however, that need detailed understanding of their origins to meet the strictest current and upcoming emission standards. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the study of the mechanism at the origin of soot particle emissions and gives indications on which parameters can effectively reduce them.<br/>There are two competing in-cylinder processes, soot formation and soot oxidation, governing soot emissions from conventional combustion in diesel engines. To this day, it is still often believed that inhibiting the formation of soot reduces its emissions, despite several studies showing poor relationship between soot formation and emission in most conditions encountered in diesel engines. The results presented in this thesis aims at highlighting the importance of soot oxidation in the late cycle over the soot formation process. An effort was realized to identify the parameters governing its oxidation and how it results in lower emission levels. The study of those parameters has been realised through the use of in-cylinder sampling of gases and optical measurements. <br/>The optical measurements were realised in a heavy-duty diesel engine using a Bowditch design with a specifically designed three-valve cylinder head. This cylinder head had an optical access located at the top of the combustion chamber, allowing the study of processes occurring in the late cycle, when the piston is moving down into the cylinder. The diagnostic chosen for this study is called laser extinction, a line of sight technique based on the absorption of light by the soot particles present in the flame. The data collected gave information on the evolution of the soot concentration and could be used to characterise the soot oxidation rate in the late cycle. The in-cylinder sampling measurements were realized in order to gather information on the soot particle characteristics.<br/>The results showed a strong correlation between the soot oxidation rates and the emission levels, underlining the importance of improving the oxidation rate rather than the soot formation in order to reduce soot emissions. It was shown that increasing the mixing of gases in the cylinder by means of increased turbulences could lead to a negative impact on the soot oxidation rates that were passed on to the soot levels in the exhaust. A variation of temperature of gases showed little to no impact on the soot oxidation rates and did not seem to effectively impact the emission levels. An increase of the gas density in the cylinder of gases lead to improved oxidation rate that also reduced emission levels. Of the injection related parameters studied, the injection pressure and the injector hole size had a strong impact on the soot oxidation rates even long after the end of the injection process. The most important parameter identified that affected the soot oxidation rates was the oxygen concentration. This parameter was studied in detail and it showed that a reduction of oxygen concentration lead to a slower maturation of soot during the combustion. While this feature produced more reactive soot particles prone to be more easily oxidized, it was revealed to be concerning a limited amount of particles in the cylinder. Moreover, it was largely overruled by the reduction of OH produced in the flame. Using simulation tools, it was shown that lowering the oxygen concentration reduced the flame temperature, which in turn reduced the OH concentration. The reduction of OH correlated strongly with the reduction in oxidation rates observed in the optical measurements, to a greater extent than just the drop of oxygen concentration.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16685442/Yann_Gallo_Late_Cycle_Soot_Oxidation_in_Diesel_Engines_DIGITAL.pdf application/pdf 5203443 no First Lund University Faculty of Engineering Department of Energy Sciences Division of Combustion Engines P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 LUND Sweden 2016-11-08 eng Soot oxidation Laser extinction Optical diagnostics Diesel engines Gas sampling Particulate matter Energy Engineering 978-91-7753-054-1 978-91-7753-055-8 189 2016-12-02T10:15:00+01:00 bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef 2016-11-07T16:29:31+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-07T16:29:31+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5ab665dc-7981-4db5-8a51-f0dbcebc6352 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Ecology building, lecture hall “Blå Hallen”, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 1 Anna Stöckl author ce7c519b-cb84-456d-808b-5bd383186956 Eric Warrant supervisor 16c5d77c-87bb-421f-b352-009456cfdfec David O'Carroll supervisor 2e8f96dc-1d59-4460-9e9e-649aa48d6838 Professor Simon Laughlin opponent University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Functional zoology v1000610 department Lund Vision Group v1001407 department Lund Vision Group research group All animals perceive the world through their senses, which form the basis for their decisions and motor actions. However, when these all-important senses reach their limit and cease to provide reliable information, the animal’s survival is threatened. Among the senses, vision is brought to its limits on a daily basis, because its signal strength is diminished as night falls, and increases again as the sun rises. In this thesis, I investigated adaptations that enable the visual system of hawkmoths, a group of insects, to cope with the low light intensities they face at night. I have focused on neural adaptations, manifested in the processing of visual neurons, in contrast to anatomical adaptations, such as modifications of the eye. I showed that neural adaptations exist in the motion vision system of hawkmoths, in the form of integration of visual information in space and time. Furthermore, I demonstrated that a combination of such spatial and temporal summation increased sensitivity and information content in dim light (Paper I). The amount of spatial and temporal summation matched the ecological needs of different hawkmoth species, as well as their anatomical adaptations for visual sensitivity: night active species, and species with less sensitive eyes had more extensive spatial and temporal summation than day-active species and species with very sensitive optics (Paper II). Furthermore, I identified and characterised candidate neurons that carry out spatial and temporal summation in the brain of hawkmoths (Paper III). Finally, I quantified the effects of temporal summation on the ability of hawkmoths to track flowers in hovering flight at different light levels, and showed that a subset of the observed behavioural phenomena could be explained by temporal processing in the nervous system (Paper IV). Taken together, this work has provided detailed insight into how neural processing can increase visual reliability in dim light. The results presented are not only relevant to hawkmoths, since neural summation is also expected to increase visual sensitivity in other species of nocturnal insects, and can be compared to similar mechanisms in vertebrates. Furthermore, this work is instructive for the development of artificial visual systems, for which insect brains have proven to be a successful biomimetic model. Alla djur uppfattar världen med sina sinnen, vilka ger information till beslut och rörelser. Tyvärr har sinnena begränsningar och när de upphör att ge pålitlig information kommer djurets överlevnad att hotas. Synsinnet till exempel utmanas dagligen, eftersom dess signalstyrka minskar när mörkret faller och ökar igen när solen går upp. I denna avhandling undersökte jag synsystemets anpassningar hos svärmare, en grupp insekter som klarar av mycket låga ljusintensiteter under natten. Jag fokuserade mina studier på neurala anpassningar som yttrar sig i informationsbearbetning hos synneuroner, i motsats till anatomiska anpassningar, såsom modifikationer i ögat. Jag kunde visa att neurala anpassningar förekommer i synsystemet hos svärmare i form av integrering av visuell information i tid och rum. Dessutom visade jag att en kombination av spatial och temporal summering ökar ljuskänsligheten och informationsinnehållet på ett supralinjärt sätt (Publikation I). Mängden spatial och temporal summering matchade de ekologiska behov som olika arter av svärmare har, samt deras anatomiska anpassningar för synkänslighet (Publikation II). Jag identifierade också nervceller som utför spatial och temporal summering i hjärnan hos svärmare (Publikation III). Slutligen kvantifierade jag effekterna som temporal summering har på svärmares förmåga att spåra blommor i rörelse och visade att en del av det observerade beteendet kan förklaras med temporal bearbetning i nervsystemet (Publikation IV). Sammanfattningsvis ger detta arbete en detaljerad inblick i hur neural summering kan öka ljuskänsligheten i svagt ljus. Dessa resultat är inte bara relevanta för svärmare, utan även för andra insekter och djurgrupper. Dessutom är detta arbete lärorikt för utvecklingen av artificiella synsystem, som insekters syn visat sig vara en framgångsrik biomimetisk modell för. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5ab665dc-7981-4db5-8a51-f0dbcebc6352 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16645681/FinalThesis_AnnaStoeckl_kappa.pdf application/pdf 8833369 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 2016-11 eng vision insect hawkmoth motion vision spatial and temporal summation dim light neural processing Natural Sciences 978-91-7753-064-0 978-91-7753-065-7 94 2016-12-02T10:00:00+01:00 5ab665dc-7981-4db5-8a51-f0dbcebc6352 2016-11-07T18:21:34+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-07T18:21:34+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d1326fed-8ead-4e29-bd6c-b5c531c15f67 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Fahed Abou Nada author cf9dcd7d-d92d-489e-b994-06d5a0311e62 Mattias Richter supervisor 5f7a5ba9-345d-49a1-a2d3-05d140fe557b Marcus Aldén supervisor 31a62b03-f895-4a38-815a-bc986ff44328 PhD Jeffrey Eldridge opponent NASA Glenn Research Center, USA Combustion Physics v1000625 department Understanding the mechanisms that govern the combustion processes is important for being able to further increase the efficiency of<br/>combustion devices. Temperature is considered to be one of the most important parameters controlling the progression and final<br/>products of combustion. Regulating the temperature in combustion devices enables higher degrees of efficiency to be achieved. The<br/>engine components in combustion devices are subjected to high levels of thermal load. These can strain many of the engine components<br/>and if it is unattended to can lead to catastrophic engine failure. Temperature information can help to assess the thermal load the engine<br/>is experiencing and as a result can increase the longevity of the engine while at the same time enabling higher levels of efficiency to be<br/>attained. In addition, the production of emission gases is closely correlated to the temperature present during the combustion of fuel.<br/>Comprehending the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature can aid in finding measures to reduce the levels of emission<br/>generated by a combustion engine.<br/><br/>Although several different temperature-probing techniques that can provide temperature information are available, the harsh and<br/>reactive nature of the experimental conditions present within combustion engines can severely limit the applicability of such techniques.<br/>Phosphor thermometry excels in delivering precise and accurate temperature information concerning harsh environments such as those<br/>present in combustion engines. It is a remote technique that is minimally intrusive and is highly robust. Phosphor thermometry utilizes<br/>the temperature-dependent characteristic emission of thermographic phosphors to retrieve temperature information concerning a<br/>surface or a fluid. The temperatures can be determined either on the basis of the temperature dependence of the decay time of the<br/>phosphorescence or on the basis of temperature-dependent changes in the spectral distribution of the phosphorescence.<br/><br/>The thesis presents the efforts that were made to develop the phosphor thermometry technique further. It involves demonstrations of<br/>use of this technique in combustion engines of different types. The results of the thesis work are reported in two major parts. In the<br/>first part, developments that were made in regard to certain fundamentals of the technique so as to improve its accuracy and precision<br/>are documented. This includes the development of an automatic calibration routine, a more precise characterization of the detector<br/>response, and investigation of the effects of engine lubricant oil on the performance of several different thermographic phosphors. The<br/>second part of the thesis reports on several applications of phosphor thermometry technique to remote probing of the temperature of<br/>different motor components, such as the piston, the cylinder wall, and the burner tip of the combustor. The overall aim of the work<br/>conducted was to improve the precision and the accuracy of decay time-based phosphor thermometry as well as to enhance its<br/>applicability under a wider range of experimental conditions than studied previously. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d1326fed-8ead-4e29-bd6c-b5c531c15f67 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16685169/Thesis_without_Papers.pdf application/pdf 8101985 no Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University 2016-10-31 eng Phosphor thermometry Laser-based combustion diagnostics Decay time phosphor thermometry Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Abou Nada Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-016-9 978-91-7753-017-6 172 2016-12-09T09:15:00+01:00 d1326fed-8ead-4e29-bd6c-b5c531c15f67 2016-11-08T11:42:33+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-08T11:42:33+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3ddea1e1-e511-44b7-a63c-393206e40ed0 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal 1, Centralblocket, Getingevägen 4, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 ABDULEMIR MUHAMMED NURI ALI author ef39b0c6-f452-4f5c-805e-62c818d9be0e Martin Sundberg supervisor 8b48d6f6-fa87-41c1-a83c-9c8164cf5693 Anna Nilsdotter supervisor e5e51420-63e3-4ff1-ab7d-43114fef7b8f Gunnar Flivik supervisor 9bcb28be-0caf-47bc-a201-fa6cb265b143 Anders Lindstrand supervisor c74edd1f-4da3-4002-86d1-ff43bed6b6e8 professor Per Wretenberg opponent Örebro University Hospital Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department The Hip and Knee Joint Arthroplasty Research Group v1000962 department The Hip and Knee Joint Arthroplasty Research Group research group Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder, and the prevalence increases with age. In Sweden, about one in 4 people over the age of 45 years has OA in at least one joint. As the population ages and the prevalence of obesity increases, OA is expected to increase even more. The knee joint is one of the most commonly affected joints. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common method of major surgical intervention for OA of the knee in Sweden. About 13,000 knee arthroplasty procedures were performed in Sweden in 2015. <br/>During the past 4 decades, there have been continuous improvements in prosthesis design, preoperative templating, and surgical technique including navigation, pain management, and infection prophylaxis, but still a relatively large proportion of patients (up to 20%) are not satisfied with the outcome after surgery.<br/>All knee arthroplasty procedures in Sweden are reported to the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR), which started in 1975. The purpose of the SKAR is to monitor early and long-term surgical outcomes and complications, especially revision procedures.<br/>Through the SKAR, we identified 114 non revised dissatisfied patients in Skåne County, Sweden, and a matched control group of 113 patients who were very satisfied after TKA. The patients had an average of 10.5 years of follow-up and were matched by age, sex, hospital, and date of surgery. There were similar clinical findings, performance tests, and radiographic findings in both groups. In the dissatisfied group, the proportion of patients with anxiety and/or depression was higher, mean VAS pain score was higher, and mean range of motion (ROM) was less.<br/>Local infiltration analgesia is used for early postoperative pain relieve in TKA. To prolong the postoperative analgesic effect, continuous intraarticular analgesia for 48 hours has been used. In a prospective double-blind randomized study, 200 TKA patients were given either ropivacaine or NaCl intraarticularly by pump. There were no significant differences regarding postoperative VAS pain, length of hospital stay, analgesic consumption, or ROM between the groups. There were, however, significantly more superficial and deep surgical wound infections in the ropivacaine group.<br/>Patella-related problems are an important reason for pain after TKA. In Sweden, patellar resurfacing in primary TKA has decreased since the 1980s, from more than 70% to about 2,5% today. In a prospective randomized study of 74 patients undergoing TKA, we randomized to either patellar resurfacing or no resurfacing. We found no significant differences between the groups regarding VAS pain, physical performance, patient satisfaction, or KOOS 5 subscale scores. None of the patients were reoperated within 6 years. <br/>In a prospective cohort study of 186 TKA patients with 4 years of follow-up, preoperative anxiety/depression was a strong indicator of postoperative dissatisfaction. The risk increment for dissatisfaction was more than 6 fold, twice that in patients who had to undergo further surgical procedures because of deep infection postoperatively.<br/>Anxiety/depression is an important reason for dissatisfaction after TKA. Continuous intraarticular analgesia is unnecessary in TKA, and patellar resurfacing does not appear to be beneficial in patients with primary OA.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3ddea1e1-e511-44b7-a63c-393206e40ed0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16486137/AVH_AA_kappa_2016.pdf application/pdf 3158805 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng TKA, dissatisfaction, continuous intraarticular analgesia, patella, anxiety/depression, pain, function Orthopaedics 978-91-7619-355-6 50 2016-11-25T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:129 3ddea1e1-e511-44b7-a63c-393206e40ed0 2016-11-03T14:50:53+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-11-03T14:50:53+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d08a8ad0-4bc0-4944-89a8-38f331164d37 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Oliver Patschan author dc14aeac-0e67-4979-9846-18871d624d1a Fredrik Liedberg supervisor e8df24aa-893e-4e3d-9afb-533624ada931 Mattias Höglund supervisor e4f00b05-4c30-4eaa-b2eb-57ac41139500 associate professor Bas W. G. van Rhijn opponent Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Urology - urothelial cancer, Malmö v1000941 department Urology - urothelial cancer, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d08a8ad0-4bc0-4944-89a8-38f331164d37 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16526427/e_spik_oliver_patschan.pdf application/pdf 2466850 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng urothelial bladder cancer molecular pathological classification tumour stage T1 bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment second-look resection Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-361-7 67 2016-11-25T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:135 d08a8ad0-4bc0-4944-89a8-38f331164d37 2016-11-04T10:45:09+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z 2016-11-04T10:45:09+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:324c7afe-e72f-4bb2-bf0b-d483afd1abbe 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 SIMON REGNÉLL author 8365c3d7-5b8c-4f71-805a-e54afe6f5e9e Åke Lernmark supervisor 785b2916-350f-47a7-845d-a8e563e17fcd Helena Elding Larsson supervisor 5e457507-41b2-4573-84df-254d4e3f0d42 Sven Månsson supervisor eb783ae4-f908-4fef-bbe9-0bb12265e1a9 Professor Kristian F. Hanssen opponent University of Oslo, Norway Celiac Disease and Diabetes Unit v1000489 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Celiac Disease and Diabetes Unit research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/324c7afe-e72f-4bb2-bf0b-d483afd1abbe https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16527564/Kappa_Regnell_2.0.pdf application/pdf 1819605 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng type 1 diabetes Endocrinology and Diabetes 978-91-7619-353-2 51 2016-11-22T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:127 324c7afe-e72f-4bb2-bf0b-d483afd1abbe 2016-11-04T15:52:39+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-11-04T15:52:39+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cab5fafc-b4ea-4b99-91e2-09f3001a9e8d 2026-02-12T13:09:05Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall MH:C, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Sölvegatan 18, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Johan Fredriksson author d1c844e5-3cee-4f8c-b87e-a907a8743c47 Fredrik Kahl supervisor 1e1b03ea-71a7-4e0f-8dd1-9042c44281c6 Carl Olsson supervisor b96861f0-7772-44b5-9770-e021a9658a98 Professor Tomás Pajdla opponent Czech Technical University, Czech Republic ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering) v1000667 department Mathematical Imaging Group project Due to advances in technology the amount of images from portable cameras has increased tremendously in recent years. Nowadays, most new mobile phones and cars have multiple cameras. Drones and other robots are often equipped with cameras as well. To be able to capture an image is not the same as to understand the content of it. Computer vision deals with the task of giving machines the ability to make sense of images like humans do. <br/>Animals have no trouble of navigating in the world using visual information but this is still a problem for robots. The subfield of computer vision that builds 3D models from 2D images is called structure from motion. <br/><br/>Structure from motion is a very complex problem, and the best known techniques use a pipeline structure that solves many subproblems in a sequence. Two of the papers in this thesis focus on the relative pose problem which is solved in most pipelines. In the relative pose step, the camera pose is estimated between two images at a time and the results are then used to construct a complete camera trajectory.<br/><br/>In the first paper we address the problem of merging relative poses. <br/>Each relative pose has information about the relative position and rotation between two images. The paper focuses on the so called multiple rotation averaging problem, where the optimal set of camera rotations is calculated from relative ones. This is an overdetermined problem that often contains bad estimates of some of the pairwise rotations. We construct an algorithm based on Lagrangian duality that also can be used to verify if a solution is globally optimal.<br/>We show by experiments that the algorithm finds the optimal solution for both real and synthetic data, if the amount of noise is reasonable.<br/><br/>In the second paper we focus on the special case of relative pose, where the orientation of the two cameras is known beforehand, by other sensors or previous calculations. The problem is to calculate the relative location of the cameras and we provide two different algorithms that have optimality guarantees. The first algorithm has a low order polynomial time complexity independent of the number of outliers among the set of corresponding 2D points. The second algorithm is a branch and bound approach that is orders of magnitudes faster in practice. We evaluate the algorithms on real and synthetic data and compare it to standard RANSAC, which in some hard instances deteriorates compared to our optimal methods. <br/><br/>The third paper is similar to the second paper, but differs in one fundamental way. We solve the pair-wise relative pose with unknown correspondences between the images. This means that we estimate the epipolar geometry and the corresponding points in one step instead of two. The method has optimality guarantees and is built on branch and bound together with bipartite matching. In experiments we show that this procedure can solve harder problems and that more inlier correspondences can be obtained by optimizing over pose and correspondences simultaneously instead of in two steps.<br/><br/>The fourth paper is about matching images to a given 3D model (absolute pose). In this paper we use a novel outlier rejection scheme for the case of known rotation. Our method can identify outlier correspondences between the 3D and 2D points in a fast and efficient way. When most of the outliers are removed the remaining problems are easier to solve. In the paper we evaluate the method on real and synthetic data and the results show improved performance compared to RANSAC.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cab5fafc-b4ea-4b99-91e2-09f3001a9e8d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16641031/pop_pdf.pdf application/pdf 970745 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Mathematics 2016 eng computer vision image analysis Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-050-3 978-91-7753-051-0 151 2016-12-09T13:15:00+01:00 cab5fafc-b4ea-4b99-91e2-09f3001a9e8d 2016-11-07T10:31:20+01:00 2026-02-12T13:09:05Z 2016-11-07T10:31:20+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b106a83c-7525-430c-83f2-21e7ed33f51f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Tomas Leffler author f6663bfe-b74e-4cc0-a1f4-e23d56fba378 Zhongshan Li supervisor beb91039-a9db-4bf6-a411-5ac48da9a67e Christian Brackmann supervisor ad156c09-6998-44f6-a990-0033c0a5f0e4 Combustion Physics v1000625 department Background: <br/>High amounts of alkali in the fuel, such as potassium and sodium in combination with high amounts of chlorine increase the chances of high-temperature corrosion, deposit growth and slagging and fouling. These risks need to be reduced to avoid losses in revenue due to unplanned stops and costs related to increased maintenance. <br/><br/>Aims:<br/>This research targets the development of a new cell to produce calibration spectra of good quality that render accurately-determined alkali chloride concentrations. Similarly, it aims to develop new measurement techniques that can be used to determine the concentration and formation of alkali. <br/><br/>Methods:<br/>UV absorption measurement on sublimated vapour from potassium chloride under well-defined conditions, which subsequently can be converted into an accurate calibration spectrum. Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging technique adapted to measurements in the combustion environment using one optical access port. Laser-induced Photofragmentation Fluorescence imaging for formation studies of alkali compounds. <br/><br/>Results:<br/>This work has resulted in a calibration cell able to provide alkali vapour of well-controlled conditions and Laser-induced Photofragmentation Fluorescence imaging set-up for the formation studies of alkali compounds. It has been shown in the laboratory environment that the Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging technique can be used for alkali chloride measurements. <br/><br/>Discussion:<br/>Prospectively the work aims at contributing to the development of more efficient combustors with low levels of emission and reduced operational problems and also increase the academic knowledge of alkali compound formation during biomass combustion.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b106a83c-7525-430c-83f2-21e7ed33f51f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16641153/Tomas_Leffler_HELA_inkl._omslag.pdf application/pdf 19550976 no Lund University 2016 eng UV Absorption Spectroscopy; Alkali Vapour Pressure; KCl; KOH; NaCl; NaOH; high-temperature corrosion; Laser-induced Photofragmentation Fluorescence; slagging; fouling; reduced maintenance cost Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Leffler Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7753-040-4 978-91-7753-041-1 211 b106a83c-7525-430c-83f2-21e7ed33f51f 2016-11-07T10:45:17+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-07T10:45:17+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f95d0564-a6b9-4b97-b581-84befff0e42f 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Demonstration Room 10, Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Main Building, Level IV, Skåne University Hospital, Lund. 1 Gracijela Bozovic author bc984b1c-b36e-4a23-be52-1aca2aab3482 Mats Geijer supervisor 9bdcfec9-ef4e-4679-8df3-3dcb01a02c08 Isabella Björkman-Burtscher supervisor 41ccacac-e85a-4a63-b447-4f1a373d9a20 Stig Steen supervisor 1331aa86-b0e6-4f75-a2fc-e085861ad626 Roger Siemund supervisor 9120db3f-52ee-435f-8ed8-59e98c3317a1 associate professor Åse Allansdotter Johnsson opponent Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Diagnostic Radiology, (Lund) v1000464 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f95d0564-a6b9-4b97-b581-84befff0e42f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17492183/Gracijela_Bozovic_WEBB.pdf application/pdf 11911218 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Imaging, Lung Transplantation, Donors, Chest Radiography, Chest CT, Computed Tomography Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-380-8 109 2016-12-16T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:152 f95d0564-a6b9-4b97-b581-84befff0e42f 2016-11-27T10:38:30+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-11-27T10:38:30+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a3408b4d-47e8-4820-8b1b-fc8556348e52 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Malmö 1 SIGNY SVEINSDOTTIR author ba3edb58-93b3-4c0f-bfe0-e2c055371a9c Peter Svensson supervisor 9beb5ebe-3809-43d2-9688-81a0ea56cfe9 Christer Halldén supervisor 81a9064f-fce2-4372-bc6e-6df98fb9f140 docent Gerd Lärfars opponent Stockholm Clinical Coagulation, Malmö v1000575 department Clinical Coagulation, Malmö research group Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a relatively common cause of morbidity and mortality. It has an annual incidence of around 0.1- 0.3%. It is a multifactorial disease with many known risk factors, both transient and persistent. Among these, several genetic risk factors have been described. The most common genetic risk factor, factor V Leiden mutation in heterozygote form, is found in 5-8% of the Caucasian population. Although much is known about the VTE disease, evaluating the recurrence risk, duration and risk of the anticoagulation therapy remains a challenge and many questions are still unanswered. <br/>The aims of this thesis are to evaluate the distribution and clinical impact of the most common inherited risk factors for VTE in a population based total material from southern Sweden as well as estimating heterozygous FVL mutation as a risk factor for VTE recurrence. Furthermore, to look into other potential acquired risk factors for VT, such as inflammation in a male cohort from a screening program and, finally, evaluate the risk for bleeding in relation to renal function within VTE patients on warfarin treatment in a cohort from a Swedish national quality registry for anticoagulation (AuriculA). <br/>The prevalence of the FVL mutation in heterozygous form was found in approximately one fourth of the VTE patients and increased the risk for recurrence significantly, by 2-3 fold. The mutation in homozygous form is much less frequent but these patients had a higher average age at first thrombosis than many studies previously described. Furthermore, homozygous women were affected at an earlier age compared to men and female controls and it appeared that thrombi in homozygous FVL were more prone to be in the lower extremity. The odds ratio for thrombosis was lower than previously described. <br/>The risk for VTE in relation to the number of raised inflammatory specific proteins (ISPs), i.e. fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, alfa-1-antitrypsin and orosomucoid, as well as individual ISPs was not significantly increased. However, age, BMI and diabetes mellitus type 2 were significant risk factors for developing a VTE. On the other hand, factors such as cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and smoking were not. VTE patients on anticoagulation treatment with warfarin seemed to be younger, and hence had a better renal function, than patients with other indications for warfarin therapy. Among those VTE patients there was not significantly increased bleeding with impaired renal function, although a trend could be seen. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a3408b4d-47e8-4820-8b1b-fc8556348e52 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16297548/AvhandlingSignySveinsdottir.pdf application/pdf 2218234 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Venous thromboembolism (VTE) Epidemiology Risk factors factor V leiden (FVL) Recurrence risk Inflammation renal function Warfarin Hematology 978-91-7619-350-1 103 2016-11-19T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:124 a3408b4d-47e8-4820-8b1b-fc8556348e52 2016-10-31T12:51:31+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-10-31T12:51:31+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f15799a3-4eb7-4df5-9abf-e08237794392 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Ruiyu Lin author bfdac18d-3bd6-421a-9264-f3cd0f074c3a Viveka Alfredsson supervisor 89b76456-3570-4364-a926-7f71f0b2b4dd Lennart Piculell supervisor ba05325e-3755-4a99-a375-85b130756ee7 Shunai Che supervisor Prof. Dr. Mika Lindén opponent Ulm University, Germany Physical Chemistry v1000657 department We investigate the formation mechanism responsible for two specific systems of mesoporous silicas formed with the so-called co-structure directing agent (CSDA) route. The synthesis relies on the interactions between silica source (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS), surfactants and CSDA. The structures of the mesoporous silica materials were investigated mainly by small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), supplemented with transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). The surfactant/water system was investigated mainly by small X-ray scattering (SAXS).In system 1, a cationic surfactant (C18H37N+(CH3)2(CH2)3N+(CH3)3Br2, C18-3-1) and an anionic CSDA (carboxyethylsilanetriol, CES) are used. We have insight into the surfactant aqueous solution, the formation kinetics (reactions of TEOS), and the electrostatic interactions (addition of salt or controlling the concentration of CSDA). Depending on the concentration of HCl in the synthesis, the structure is defined by Fm-3m (at high pH) and by Fd-3m (at low pH), with a gradual transition in the intermediate pH range. When salt is added in the Fd-3m synthesis, the Pm-3n structure is formed. The micellar sizes of C18-3-1 assembled in these three structures are the same. Using SAXD and 13C PT ssNMR, we followed the synthesis process of these three structures, and found that a fast process results in Fm3m, regardless of pH, and a slow process results in Fd-3m. When NaCl is added to the slow system (low pH) the formation is altered resulting in a material with the Pm-3n structure. We suggest that the materials strive to form the densest structure possible which structure that forms depends on the when the condensation of the silica network arrests the formation process. We also investigate the difference of this system with that of a reversed system (i.e. based on an anionic surfactant and a cationic CSDA). We find both similarities and differences between these two “mirroring” systems.In system 2, an anionic surfactant (<i>N</i>-myristoyl-L-alanine, C₁₄-L-Ala) and cationic CSDA (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APES) are used. The cryo-TEM and cryo-SEM images providedetailed information about the formation process of the material. A formation mechanism issuggested. The fibers grow in width. The ribbons twist, and with time grow in width, eventuallyforming helical ribbons. Later on the helical ribbons merge into tubes. This evolutionary progressof the configuration could be explained by the incompatible elastic sheet theory. This thesis is focused on the detail process of formation of mesoporous silica materials.<br/>Mesoporous silica materials are one type of porous materials with a pore size between 2 and 5 nm (1 nm=0.000 000 001 m). The pore walls consist of silicon dioxide – silica (sand also consists of silica). The mesoporous silica materials are formed by amphiphilic molecules, a kind of molecule with one part that loves water and one part that hates water, and a silica source. Within the group of amphiphilic molecules, surfactants are mostly used. Surfactants are molecules that can have positively or negatively charged head groups, which attract water, and long organic tails, that repel water. Examples of surfactants in our daily life are shampoos and detergents. When surfactants are dissolved in water, the organic tails will cluster together and only leave the charged head groups outside in contact with the water. In this case, the aggregated surfactants can form different shapes with the tails inside and the head groups on the surface of the aggregate. The silica components will decorate these aggregates and give rise to an attraction that draws the aggregates together. Accordingly, the “mesopores” of the materials are filled with surfactants during their creation. When the surfactants are removed, the mesopores arise, and the mesoporous materials with silica walls are formed. The networks of mesopores are often well ordered in various structures. When we add acid or salt into the formation mixture of mesoporous silica materials, the structure of the materials can sometimes be changed. The process is like baking, where by adding different ingredients, such as baking powder or salt, the shape or texture of the pastries can be changed.<br/>In the work of this thesis, two recipes were used. We call them two synthesis systems. Both systems contain a molecule that eventually gives rise to the creation of the silica wall. We call this molecule the silica source. In system 1, a surfactant with a large positively charged head group was used, while in system 2, a surfactant with a negatively charged head group was used. Moreover, a molecule consisting of a charged part and a silica part was added in the mixture. In this thesis, the latter type of molecule is called CSDA. In system 1, the charged part of the CSDA is negative, and is called the carboxylate group, in vinegar there is a lot of carboxylic groups. In system 2, the charged part is positive, with the chemical name quaternary ammonium group, which is a common component used in softeners. In the mixture, the CSDA will be in contact with the surfactant head group via the charged part and with the silica source via the silica part. After the formation, when the surfactants are removed, the charged groups of the CSDA will remain within the pores, therefore, the materials are functionalized with the charged groups of the CSDA directly in the synthesis. <br/>In system 1, addition of acid can change the structures of the materials. In this work we aim to find reasons for the structural change. We found that addition of acid will change the building-up of the silica source. With low acid addition, the silica sources build up walls around the surfactant head groups very fast, whereas with a higher amount of acid, the silica walls build slower. If salt is added in the slower system, a different structure will be formed. This is because the added salt makes the building work even slower.<br/>In system 2, we used a special type of instrument, called cryo-EM, to look at the system. This instrument allows us to visualize very small things (hundreds of nm in size) in frozen samples. So we can freeze samples after different formation times, and check what has been built up at these specific times. We found that in this system, the material first forms fibers, and then the fibers grow in width and form ribbons. The ribbons then twist and, with time, grow in width to eventually become helical ribbons that later merge into tubes. We also found that a mathematical model can be used to explain this shapechange process. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f15799a3-4eb7-4df5-9abf-e08237794392 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16299512/Thesis_RuiyuLIN_nailing.pdf application/pdf 11871586 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry 2016-11 eng mesoporous silica materials co-structure directing agent surfactants mesostructures scattering NMR TEM Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-483-2 978-91-7422-484-9 192 2016-11-25T13:15:00+01:00 f15799a3-4eb7-4df5-9abf-e08237794392 2016-10-31T15:28:47+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-31T15:28:47+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:95fac53e-c4b0-4dda-aee7-bf36288cbeff 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfrage lecture hall, Klinikgatan 32, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Ola Kilsgård author 5dda2a52-a3e4-45aa-a746-9dc7d388294a Johan Malmström supervisor f3eed443-e46d-499d-8a62-9a8a74fa3013 Dr Frank Schmidt opponent ZIK functional genomics, University of Greifswald, Department of Immunotechnology v1000212 department Infection Medicine Proteomics v1000982 department Infection Medicine Proteomics research group Despite the discovery of antibiotics almost a century ago, infectious diseases continue to be a substantial cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in developing countries. The adverse affects of infectious diseases are thought to increase over the coming years as the widespread misuse of antibiotic leads to the emergence of strains for which current therapies are ineffective. The last decades has also seen a large increase of animal pathogens crossing the species barrier to cause disease in humans. To be able to reverse these negative trends we need better knowledge of the events leading to the adaptation of these pathogens to their host. This thesis aspires to increase our understanding of bacterial host adaptation with the hope of finding new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic treatments.<br/>In this thesis the development and application of novel mass spectrometry based methods for investigating bacterial host adaptation is studied. The developed methods are based on state of the art mass spectrometry proteomics, which allows the identification and quantification of in principal any expressed protein from a biological sample. The power of this analysis method was used to simultaneously quantify sets of bacterial and host proteins with a specific role in the infection course. These protein measurements are then used as standardization curves to obtain and account for any variation between biological states. The developed methods are combined to construct a quantitative model, depicting host – pathogen interactions and changes during infection progression. The model was used to determine the degree of host adaptation resulting of sequential passaging of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes in a mouse infection model.<br/>In summery, this thesis has increased out understanding of the complex interactions leading to host adaptation of bacterial pathogens by the development of a quantitative model for bacterial infections. In addition, this thesis suggests a new approach for biomarker discovery and validation, by using standardization curves of potential biomarkers. The research conducted in this thesis has the potential to lead to increased clinical diagnostic and treatment opportunities of infectious diseases. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/95fac53e-c4b0-4dda-aee7-bf36288cbeff https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16345290/E_spik_pdf_ola_k.pdf application/pdf 1440000 no Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University 2016-11-07 eng Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Systems biology Biomarker Host adaptation Bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes Infectious Medicine Medical Laboratory Technologies Medical Biotechnology 978-91-7753-062-6 978-91-7753-063-3 2016-12-02T09:15:00+01:00 95fac53e-c4b0-4dda-aee7-bf36288cbeff 2016-11-01T14:16:45+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-01T14:16:45+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:016d0ab4-a8e4-44bf-a573-d5b4078e568d 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC Aula, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Robert Koivula author 2e865369-daca-4b16-9668-92da2284eb49 Paul Franks supervisor 93569a3a-f48b-4e5b-8cc6-86303df3eb2c Anders Rosengren supervisor a8a8a889-2527-4c85-aa92-7d75f8358437 Frida Renström supervisor ec4ba19a-97e6-4f73-8c04-e6904e41f3b7 professor Roy Taylor opponent Newcastle University, UK Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology v1000492 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology research group Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease with widespread physiological insults to the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, above all glycaemic regulation. The pathogenesis of T2D and its progression is broadly understood to be through a gradual decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity, a compensatory rise in insulin secretion, and a gradual decline in beta-cell function, resulting in glycaemic dysregulation and eventual T2D. Unhealthful lifestyle factors such as low physical activity (PA), energy dense diets with poor nutritional value, and chronic positive calorie balance are associated with an accelerated decline in glycaemic control and obesity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered in genome wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated a genetic susceptibility to T2D (65 SNPs), fasting glucose (36 SNPs), 2-hr glucose (9 SNPs), and obesity (97 SNPs). <br/>In Paper 1, in 3,444 adults in northern Sweden, we compared the predictive ability of lifestyle factors and the aforementioned SNPs with T2D and obesity for incidence of T2D, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and obesity over ~10 years. We found that lifestyle and genetic factors had broadly the same predictive ability (by ROC AUC) for incidence in T2D (75% vs. 74%), IFG (63% vs. 66%), IGT (64% vs. 61%) and obesity (68% vs. 73%). With exception of IGT, adding genetic factors to lifestyle models improved predictive ability with resulting continuous net reclassification improvements of 58%, 36% and, 64% for T2D, IFG and obesity, respectively. <br/>In paper 2 and 3, we overview the rationale, design and baseline results from two new prospective cohort studies within the DIRECT (Diabetes Research into Patient Stratification) Consortium. These cohort studies aim to improve prevention and treatment of T2D by discovering new biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before (Cohort 1, N =2,335) and after the onset of T2D (Cohort 2, N =830). The cohorts are comprehensively assessed at follow-up visits at 18, 36 (Cohort 2) and 48 (Cohort 1) months. Aside from standard measurements, clinical assessments include: Beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, glycaemia, objective PA, diet, abdominal MRI, genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic and microbiomic assessments. <br/>A potential mechanism behind the pathogenesis of T2D has been hypothesised in a ‘twin-cycle’ model. In the first ‘liver cycle’, peripheral insulin resistance, in combination with a positive caloric balance, leads to accumulating liver fat. The hyperinsulinaemia from insulin resistance leads to an increase in hepatic de-novo lipogenesis, further increasing liver fat. This leads to reduced insulin-mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis, further increasing glycaemia, insulinaemia and accelerating the liver cycle. The increased very low lipoprotein secretion from lipogenesis eventually increases ectopic triglycerides in surrounding tissue, such as the pancreas. This feeds a ‘pancreatic cycle’ where lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity reduces beta-cell function and postprandial glucose, further accelerating the liver-cycle. <br/>In paper 4, I test the ‘twin-cycle’ hypothesis and if the association between PA and glycaemic control is mediated by parameters within the model. Using structural equation modelling in newly gathered DIRECT baseline dataset, I find that: most of the relationships in the ‘twin-cycle’ hypothesis are observed as hypothesised in both prediabetes and T2D; that PA is associated with most parameters in the model; and, that the association of PA with glycaemic control and liver fat is mostly mediated by whole body insulin sensitivity. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/016d0ab4-a8e4-44bf-a573-d5b4078e568d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16394567/Robert_Koivula_PhD_Thesis_kappa_only.pdf application/pdf 5422174 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Type 2 Diabetes Prediabetes Obesity Beta-cell Function Insulin Sensitivity Physical Activity Exercise Diet Lifestyle Ectopic Fat Genetic Epidemiology Genetic Risk Biomarker Precision Medicine Endocrinology and Diabetes 978-91-7619-365-5 102 2016-11-23T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:138 016d0ab4-a8e4-44bf-a573-d5b4078e568d 2016-11-01T16:51:21+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-11-01T16:51:21+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8069fa54-3e25-4411-8717-c1e40a0f7026 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 SOFIA LÖFVENDAHL author c198ee15-311e-4a98-834d-65e5ef395ac2 Katarina Steen Carlsson supervisor 56a58904-ece4-47fe-b460-8d8e3f0587b2 Elke Theander supervisor 7a259753-776b-46a3-a96a-c757129d61c2 Ingemar Petersson supervisor 62b1cf24-5c62-4aac-bcfc-251dab04b805 Åke Svensson supervisor 7766b00c-1987-4f12-b538-21672225fe19 docent Kristina Burström opponent Stockholm Orthopaedics (Lund) v1000443 department Applied epidemiology v1000966 department Applied epidemiology research group Psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are two related chronic inflammatory diseases. A proportion of people with PSO also develop PsA. PSO and PsA seem to have multiple impacts; from the health and well-being of the individual; to the need for healthcare resources for disease management; to the loss of productivity. Compared with other chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, population-based observational healthcare research on PSO and PsA is limited. <br/>The overall aim of this thesis was to study the impact of PSO and PsA in terms of occurrence, costs, healthcare use and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), from a population-based perspective. The included studies used data related to residents in the Skåne region, and the study populations were identified in the Skåne Healthcare register (SHR). Information was based mainly on population-based registers but also on surveys and medical records. <br/>The point prevalence of physician-diagnosed PSO with or without PsA in the Skåne region by the end of 2010 was 1.2%, corresponding to 12,958 diagnosed individuals. The prevalence for PSO alone and PSO with PsA was 1.0% and 0.2% respectively. The ICD-10 diagnostic codes registered for PSO and PsA in the SHR showed overall good accuracy when compared to information in medical records. The annualized mean societal cost for PSO patients with PsA was 97% higher compared with PSO alone patients (€17,600 vs. €8,900). Only a minor fraction of the costs was identified as attributable to PSO and PsA specifically, indicating increased comorbidity in these patients.<br/>Analyses on healthcare use among PSO and PsA patients, and population-based matched referents, indicated remaining disparities in the socioeconomic pattern of healthcare use, especially related to income. The effect was less accentuated for PSO and PsA compared to referents. Regarding PROs, we showed that, in a cohort of PsA patients, continuous and never users of biological drugs, which were the majority of the patients, reported better PROs and lower societal costs compare to irregular users of biological drugs.<br/>This thesis contributes with knowledge on the impact of PSO and PsA from different perspectives, that can be useful both for researchers and policy makers. In addition, the work also adds information on data quality, and methods for prevalence and cost calculations using register-based data.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8069fa54-3e25-4411-8717-c1e40a0f7026 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16395162/Sofia_L_vfendahl_webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 4556664 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng 978-91-7619-359-4 118 2016-11-24T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016: 8069fa54-3e25-4411-8717-c1e40a0f7026 2016-11-01T21:15:45+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z 2016-11-01T21:15:45+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9568e43d-d5c2-41cf-9882-bd4b285f3e4b 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published GK-salen, BMC Hus I, Sölvegatan 19, Lund. 1 Abhishek Niroula author c47e6bcf-af21-4dbd-a8bc-df816f92816a Mauno Vihinen supervisor effb5f9d-8a46-4a53-8112-801680afcae3 Jens Lagerstedt supervisor c7d61924-3520-474b-bad0-f1312bf11d6f professor Bengt Persson opponent Stockholm Protein Bioinformatics v1000399 department Protein Bioinformatics research group Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been widely used for diagnosis. As time and cost of sequencing has reduced sharply during the last decade, genome and exome-wide sequencing have increasingly been used. The genome and exome projects produce large amounts of variation data and the clinical relevance of large proportions of them are not known. Among various types of genetic variations, the single nucleotide variations (SNVs) that lead to amino acid substitutions (AASs) are the most challenging to interpret. The best way to characterize the impacts of variations is by experimental studies. Since these experiments are expensive and time consuming, they cannot be performed for all identified variants. Computational tools can be used for scoring and ranking the variants and prioritizing them for experimental studies. Reliable and fast tools are necessary for accurate variation interpretation and to cope with the amounts of generated data. Several tools are available for predicting impacts of genetic variations. These tools use various types of information and have different performances. Various performance assessment studies have shown that most of the widely used tools have inconsistent and sub-optimal performance.<br/>In this study, we implemented a systematic approach to develop four computational tools for interpreting the impacts of genetic variations. The tools are based on machine learning algorithm. Benchmark variation datasets were obtained from various sources for training and testing the tools. A systematic feature selection technique was employed to identify relevant and non-redundant features for predicting variation impact. The benchmark datasets and the features were used for training the tools. Finally, the tools were tested by using independent datasets to estimate their performance for unseen data. The tools PON-P2, PON-MMR2, and PON-PS predict impacts of AASs in human proteins and the PON-mt-tRNA tool predicts the impacts of SNVs in human mitochondrial transfer RNAs (mt-tRNAs). All the tools showed better performance when compared with state-of-the-art tools. These tools have consistently shown the best performance in our studies as well as in independent studies.<br/>The tools developed in this study are useful for ranking variations and prioritizing the likely harmful ones for further evaluation. These tools were developed for different purposes. Three of the tools (PON-P2, PON-MMR2, and PON-mt-tRNA) predict pathogenicity of variations. While PON-P2 is a generic tool for predicting pathogenicity of AASs in all human proteins, PON-MMR2 and PON-mt-tRNA are specific tools for predicting pathogenicity of variations in mismatch repair proteins and mt-tRNA genes, respectively. PON-PS is the first tool for predicting disease severity due to AASs. Pathogenicity of variations indicate the relevance of variation to a disease but cannot predict severity of phenotype. Early identification of disease severity promotes personalized medicine by facilitating early interventions, such as preventive measures, clinical monitoring, and molecular tests, for patients and their family members.<br/>The developed computational tools were used for analysing the impacts of variations in DNA mismatch repair proteins, mt-tRNA genes, and somatic variations in cancer. The impacts of all possible AASs in four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) were predicted using PON-MMR2 and the impacts of all possible SNVs in 22 human mt-tRNAs were predicted using PON-mt-tRNA. We also studied the distribution of predicted pathogenic and benign variations in the protein domains and 3-dimensional structures of proteins and mt-tRNAs. PON-P2 was used to identify harmful somatic AASs from among 5 million somatic variations from 7,042 genomes or exomes grouped into 30 types of cancer. Only a small fraction of the somatic variations were identified to be harmful. Although known cancer genes contained higher numbers of harmful variations, the proportion of harmful variations was only 40%. We prioritized the proteins that were implicated (containing harmful AASs) in the largest number of samples in each cancer type and studied the networks and pathways affected by them. In the functional interaction network, the prioritized proteins were centrally located. The significantly enriched pathways included several new pathways and previously known pathways implicated in cancer. Our findings facilitates prioritization of experimental studies in various cancer types as well as interpretation of variation impacts in mismatch repair proteins and mt-tRNA genes. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9568e43d-d5c2-41cf-9882-bd4b285f3e4b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17570865/abhishek_thesis_final.pdf application/pdf 1754883 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Bioinformatics Genetic variants Machine Learning cancer genomics Variation interpretation Bioinformatics (Computational Biology) Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 978-91-7619-360-0 71 2016-11-24T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:134 9568e43d-d5c2-41cf-9882-bd4b285f3e4b 2016-11-02T10:20:47+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:20Z 2016-11-02T10:20:47+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8be9a08f-f47d-4472-8eba-bc443b3a9385 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Hanna Martin author 869ef5b5-c215-4562-86d2-b32d9194bd9a Lars Coenen supervisor fe1758cc-9c41-4b3d-9c5c-539270356e61 Michaela Trippl supervisor ba971c5f-6737-4825-b51f-f9ba9f375aa8 Professor Kevin Morgan opponent Cardiff University CIRCLE v1001228 department Grand challenges such as climate change put focus away from innovations and innovation policy as engines of economic growth towards fulfilling societal goals and sighting sustainable development. The literature on the geography of innovation has provided valuable insights on innovation activities of firms and industries and how they are positively influenced by co-location. In particular, short geographical distances have been found to facilitate trust, knowledge exchange and interactive learning processes that favour innovation. Innovation activities that address grand challenges have however gained surprisingly little attention in the discipline. This PhD thesis addresses this shortcoming and studies how and why change processes of industries towards more environmentally friendly modes in regions occur – or not occur. In other words, it engages in the question how such industry dynamics are enabled and/or constrained by regional context conditions. Consequently, it also puts central focus on the role, respectively possibilities and limitations of regional innovation policy to support desirable transformation processes. Its theoretical objective is to make a step towards a more coherent conceptual framework in the literature on economic geography regarding how to tackle grand challenges. <br/>The dissertation takes a regional innovation system perspective which is complemented by insights from the literature on socio-technical transitions.<br/><br/>The development of a bio-based economy which draws on renewable resources from biomass possesses a key role in addressing grand challenges. Empirically, the dissertation studies industries in three different Swedish regions and their undertaking to increasingly, respectively more efficiently use biomass as raw material. <br/><br/>The research design is informed by a critical realist perspective and draws largely on qualitative research methods. <br/><br/>This PhD thesis spans four articles that are published in or submitted to peer-reviewed journals. The articles are preceded by an introductory chapter which provides the overall theoretical background and framing, the research design and central findings of the dissertation. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8be9a08f-f47d-4472-8eba-bc443b3a9385 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16436948/PhD_thesis_Hanna_Martin.pdf application/pdf 6837725 no Lund University 2016-11-02 eng economic geography regional innovation systems regional innovation policy regional path development innovation system failures socio-technical transitions grand challenges cleantech Transformative change Sweden Economic Geography 978-91-7753-028-2 978-91-7753-029-9 13 190 2016-11-24T13:00:00+01:00 8be9a08f-f47d-4472-8eba-bc443b3a9385 2016-11-02T10:21:56+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-02T10:21:56+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:443cb111-f71b-49cb-b71f-ae59714e6cda 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Zachary Miers author a73142de-de02-4ad4-a34b-a244945bb0e7 Buon Kiong Lau supervisor 24124c16-e162-4111-a99d-35865ce91d28 Professor Jennifer T Bernhard opponent University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), USA Department of Electrical and Information Technology v1000242 department Systematic Antenna Design Using the Theory of Characteristic Modes project The day Faraday moved a magnet in and out of a wire loop and detected the time-varying magnetic field, the first wireless transmitter / receiver system was created and the world was changed forever. However, it took almost fifty years for Heinrich Hertz to use Maxwell's equations and Faraday's insights in his professorship at Karlsruhe to create the first electromagnetic wireless communication system using a spark gap dipole transmitter and a loop antenna-based receiver. This simple system utilized the first non-optical human designed electromagnetic antenna, and since then, businesses, researchers, doctoral candidates, and hobbyists have been trying to determine the best way to design antennas for a variety of different applications. In almost all situations, antennas are designed using either intuition, closed-form equations, or information which can be obtained from Maxwell's equations and a set of boundary conditions. This thesis combines these three design techniques into one by using the Theory of Characteristic Modes (TCM). This theory allows for physics-based electromagnetic insights of an object to be obtained and combined with closed-form equations for all real media, limiting the overall design space, and allowing an engineer's intuition to be focused on an area with greater importance to antenna performance. <br/><br/>TCM is a unique amalgamation of many different theoretical concepts including Maxwell's equations, Sturm-liouville eigenvalue decomposition, Poynting's theorem, and in practical applications the Method of Moments (MoM). TCM was developed first by Garbacz in 1965 and then popularized by Harrington and Mautz in 1971. Many great researchers have put years of effort and hard work into advancing and popularizing TCM, and this thesis would not exist without the advances provided by these great women and men. The research that led to the initial idea of this thesis was based around the development of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for hand held devices, as this type of design environment is challenging due to the electrical size of the device and the limited real-estate available. As TCM is uniquely suited for analyzing electrically compact systems which require orthogonal modes of radiation, it was a perfect candidate for studying how it can be better applied to this type of application.<br/><br/>The research contained within this thesis, as well as the articles published during the time of this doctoral study, analyze the practical and theoretical applications of TCM and present a set of theoretical proofs, which explain some of the shortcomings pertaining to MoM-based TCM analysis of dielectric or magnetic objects, and provide some solutions to many of these problems. Furthermore, a unique antenna design methodology was developed which allows for electrically compact MIMO terminal antennas to be designed in a fundamentally new way. As TCM provides a unique set of excitation-free attributes, as well as a set of orthogonal surface currents and far-fields, which are determined only by the object's shape and material. These orthogonal attributes can be used to determine how the object's characteristic modes (CMs) relate to a set of closed-form equations. Using the knowledge gained from each CM, and how the CMs link to these equations, small object alterations can be defined and used to adapt and feed the object, creating single or multiple optimized antennas from the object. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/443cb111-f71b-49cb-b71f-ae59714e6cda https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16439414/Thesis_Zachary_Miers_Nov2_Spik.pdf application/pdf 11289101 no Lund University 2016-11-02 eng Theory of Characteristic Modes Antenna Design Antenna Characteristic Modes Computational Electromagnetics MIMO Systems MIMO Antenna MIMO Mutual Coupling Mobile Antenna Communication Systems 978-91-7623-910-0 978-91-7623-911-7 220 2016-11-29T10:15:00+01:00 443cb111-f71b-49cb-b71f-ae59714e6cda 2016-11-02T14:34:29+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-11-02T14:34:29+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:990bb3f2-cf58-4447-a848-93ab89357601 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, Internationella miljöinstitutet (IIIEE), Tegnersplatsen 4, Lund 1 Thomas Parker author a9edbe6e-26d2-4008-9d61-986518f69ad8 Thomas Lindhqvist supervisor 9533d0d5-b901-40b1-9ef4-e0115e20185a Carl-Henric Nilsson supervisor dbaf21b8-a6e4-4d12-bfe6-2494c548c4b4 Donald Huisingh supervisor 6d301bdd-48c8-4aff-a702-10fbfdaa2aaf Dr Thomas Zobel opponent Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics v1000927 department Because of the vital roles of industry in sustainable development, it is essential<br/>that environmental management is effective in preventing pollution. To this end,<br/>environmental management systems have been implemented to a growing extent in<br/>industry. Moreover, this Ph.D. research has demonstrated that environmental<br/>management efforts must be systematic to use environmental performance<br/>indicators effectively. However, the research has also revealed that environmental<br/>management systems did not necessarily improve environmental performance. In<br/>order to enable development of more effective environmental management, this<br/>Ph.D. research explored how environmental management efforts affected<br/>employees, whether effective environmental management might be contingent<br/>upon strategy contexts, and how environmental strategy was developed. In the<br/>context of emergent strategies, change, innovation and complexity, the research<br/>for this dissertation examined effective environmental management using<br/>interpretive methodology and case studies. Noting that strategy could be emergent,<br/>i.e. emanate from the organization rather than being imposed upon it, a goal of the<br/>research was to understand the practice of management without a predetermined<br/>strategy. The research findings demonstrated that management systems behaved<br/>differently depending on if the strategy context was deliberate, evolutionary or<br/>emergent. In deliberate strategy contexts, formal management systems may<br/>improve performance by reducing variability and risk. In evolutionary strategy<br/>contexts, formal management systems were employed in internal competition by<br/>champions. In the context of emergent strategies, formal management systems<br/>seemed to be irrelevant or even impediments to necessary change and innovation. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/990bb3f2-cf58-4447-a848-93ab89357601 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17704620/Thomas_Parker_hela_avh_inkl._omslag.pdf application/pdf 7256540 no IIIEE, Lund University 2016-12-02 eng Environmental Management Systems Emergent strategy Interpretive Research Change Complexity Contingency Energy Management Management of meaning Environmental Management Systems Emergent strategy Contingency Change Complexity Energy Management Management of meaning Environmental Management Business Administration 978-91-87357-25-1 157 2017-01-13T13:00:00+01:00 990bb3f2-cf58-4447-a848-93ab89357601 2016-12-02T10:13:29+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-02T10:13:29+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:31c91adc-5360-4cf1-bc20-c994f5a50605 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Leif Siesing author 7f2fb0d7-5d31-4f7f-8429-e85b9b1901db Mats Andersson supervisor 75116341-9dbb-41e7-98d5-6d81c2082142 Tord Cedell supervisor ab504e73-633f-4163-a1d0-866aeee83b5f Kenneth Frogner supervisor b6104dbe-1909-4c39-97c9-856309612704 Professor Svein Thore Hagen opponent Högskolen i Telemark, Norge Production and Materials Engineering v1000249 department Electrical machines, chokes and induction heaters are found in most homes,<br/>offices and factories all over the world. They are used to create movement, filtrate the power or to generate heat. A typical unit consist of a coil and a flux conductor material. Some of the materials have been established for over 100 years, while others are only a couple of decades old.<br/><br/>A new flux conductor material has been developed at the Division of Production and Materials Engineering at Lund University. The material is called soft magnetic mouldable composite (SM2C). This thesis is focused on investigating the potential of this material and lay a knowledge foundation, wherein the material properties and manufacturing process of the material is tested and further developed, as well as the material composition. In order to use the full potential of the material a holistic view of all the materials involved is necessary. Both coil and insulation suitable for the mouldable soft magnetic composite are therefore studied. Tests are performed both on the separate materials, but also together in applications. Several motors and induction heaters were built and tested in different projects.<br/><br/>Results from the work show that by changing from solid copper tubes to litz wire and by using a flux conductor an increase of efficiency from 50-80 % to 98 % is possible. This is due to lower losses in the current conductor and higher flux linkage.<br/><br/>The possibility to mould the soft magnetic composite has interesting potential. It is shown that sensors, current conductors and other soft magnetic materials can be integrated directly into the composite. Also, the technology will provide a good thermal contact between the materials. This is especially important for the current conductor, which is usually the main heat source. A good contact will help conduct away the heat if the device is designed properly.<br/><br/>Other opportunities are opened with the new technology as well. The size of a moulded part has no limit, unlike for other soft magnetic composites that are usually pressed. It is possible to mould parts into almost any geometry, but it is also easy to machine the material if wanted. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/31c91adc-5360-4cf1-bc20-c994f5a50605 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15681053/Avhandling_Version_34.pdf application/pdf 45676484 no Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lund University 2016-11-11 eng Soft magnetic composite Mouldable Manufacturing Powder Thermal conductivity Permeability Magnetic loss Finite element analysis Engineering and Technology 978-91-7753-014-5 978-91-7753-015-2 87 2016-11-11T10:00:00+01:00 31c91adc-5360-4cf1-bc20-c994f5a50605 2016-10-17T16:14:05+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-17T16:14:05+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1d943fbe-39d5-42bf-ade0-d3eadd293dd2 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Pufendorfinstitutet, Biskopsgatan 3, Lund 1 Syeda Shegufta Ameer author ac3f0179-cdd2-433a-a185-a3d964da1beb Karin Broberg supervisor ce93bfc9-d4a4-404c-a658-103bd9d4427f Karin Engström supervisor 88d1dbca-3abb-46d6-90b4-6a6473909260 professor Ulla Vogel opponent Köpenhamn Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Abstract<br/>Inorganic arsenic exposure through drinking water is a serious public health concern because of its association to cancer and non-cancer diseases. More than one hundred million people world-wide are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic on a regular basis. Arsenic is classified as class I carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Recent report shows that arsenic exposure via drinking water is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Several mechanisms of arsenic-related toxicity have been suggested, among those are genotoxicity and epigenetic modifications affecting gene expression. The aim of this thesis was to identify early biomarkers for arsenic-related cancer and cardiovascular disease, as well as, to analyse changes in gene expression and DNA methylation related to chronic arsenic exposure. <br/>The study participants were from the Salta Province of northern Argentina, a region known to have areas with arsenic in drinking water. Two groups of study subjects, one residing in Puna area of Andes mountains (~4000 meters above the sea level) here called as Andes, and another residing in Salta plains (~300 meters above sea level) called Chaco, were studied. Arsenic exposure was assessed as the sum of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites, inorganic arsenic (iAs), methylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in urine, measured by high performance liquid-chromatography hydride-generation inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry (HPLC-HG-ICPMS). The arsenic metabolism efficiency was assessed by the urinary fractions (%) of individual metabolites. To evaluate cardiovascular health, blood pressure was measured and homocysteine concentration and lipid profile were analysed in the plasma as early cardiovascular biomarkers in Andean women. To evaluate arenic realted DNA damage, telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were measured in peripheral blood in both Andes and Chaco study groups. Gene expression and DNA methylation were measured in peripheral blood in the Andes study group. <br/>The arsenic concentrations in water had large ranges in both Andes and Chaco, and the median urinary arsenic concentrations for Andes and Chaco were 196 µg/L and 80 µg/L, respectively. The urinary arsenic metabolites differed significantly between the study groups, the median %iAs and %MMA were higher and the median %DMA was lower in Chaco population compared to the Andes, reflecting a less efficient arsenic metabolism in the Chaco study group. In women from Andes, increased urinary arsenic concentration was associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure and apoB/A, but there were no associations between urinary arsenic and homocysteine, triglycerides or cytokines, suggesting no evident cardiovascular toxicity. In men and women in Andes and Chaco, urinary arsenic was associated with longer telomere length and in Chaco with increased mtDNAcn. When the study groups were stratified according to fraction of inorganic arsenic in urine (%iAs), the associations remained significant in the above %iAs group, i.e. with less efficient arsenic metabolism capacity, for both Andes and Chaco. This suggests that individuals with less efficient arsenic metabolism are more prone to arsenic-related DNA damage and may be at high risk for arsenic-related future diseases. In Andes women, urinary arsenic was associated with decreased gene expression and increased DNA methylation in peripheral blood, indicating that arsenic exposure may have silenced gene expression by increasing DNA methylation. This thesis showed genotoxic and epigenetic, but no adverse cardiovascular, effects of arsenic exposure via drinking water. Future studies are needed to follow-up the study groups for future arsenic-related disease.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1d943fbe-39d5-42bf-ade0-d3eadd293dd2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15681676/Thesis_Shegufta.pdf application/pdf 12997226 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Cardiovascular disease DNA methylation Telomere length MtDNAcn Gene expression Cancer Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-334-1 2016-10-07T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:108 1d943fbe-39d5-42bf-ade0-d3eadd293dd2 2016-10-17T18:27:16+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-17T18:27:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall KC:B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Victor Abrahamsson author 53675f44-e735-40fd-aa03-45430673f7d0 Charlotta Turner supervisor a5c437ae-222b-4b9f-bd08-7c062def7d8a Irene Rodriguez Meizoso supervisor 24d9e4f2-92a0-472a-87ee-d866ac531f78 Bernt Nilsson supervisor fc637d52-2533-4d07-adf5-2fd5c10752bb Professor Eric Lesellier opponent Université d’Orléans, France Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department Supercritical fluid extraction is an extraction technique suitable for lipophilic compounds from solid samples. Most commonly supercritical carbon dioxide is the main component in the extraction phase, rendering the technique relatively environmentally benign. The extraction technique is rapid due to the low viscosity and the high diffusivity of analytes in the supercritical extraction phase.<br/><br/>The selectivity can be tuned by changing the extraction conditions of pressure, temperature and co-solvent amount. These process parameters along with flow rate and extraction time make optimization of an extraction method rather cumbersome. A fundamental understanding of the extraction process can help to make wise decisions during method development. In this work extractability, partitioning, solubility and internal and external mass transfer resistance<br/>have been studied through inverse modeling.<br/><br/>Methods based on in-line spectrophotometric measurements and on-line evaporative light scattering detection have been developed to efficiently acquire extraction curves, i.e., the extraction yield over time. These enable a highthroughput of extractions with high temporal resolution and good precision. The methods were applied to quantify total lipids from linseed and carotenoids, chlorophyll A, ergosterol and total lipids from microalgae. An off-line method for separating carotenoids based on supercritical fluid chromatography was also developed.<br/><br/>Methodologies have been developed to acquire models which are calibrated using all experiments, so called complete calibration. It is shown that calibrating one model per experiment does not generate models with reliable parameters with physical meaning. The models can be used for predicting extraction curves within the investigated space of process parameters.<br/><br/>Finally, extractability and partitioning are shown to be highly influential on the extraction process. Also, partitioning can give rise to diminishing extraction rates, which has previously believed only to be caused by intraparticle<br/>diffusion. Provupparbetning är ett viktigt steg i många metoder för kemisk analys.Detta gäller framförallt fasta prover då de kemiska ämnena som avses för analys, även kallade analyter, måste extraheras ut. Det vill säga att genomföra en överföring av analyter från provet till ett lösningsmedel. Därefter kan halten bestämmas med de metoder som ofta finns till hands i ett analyslaboratorium. I de fall då fettlösliga analyter är av intresse krävs oftast organiska lösningsmedel för extraktion. Dessa är tämligen besvärliga då de ofta är hälsofarliga, brandfarliga samt skadliga för miljön. Utöver detta medför de även en kostnad vid inköp och vid destruktion. Ett miljövänligare alternativ är att använda koldioxid som lösningsmedel, som även är billigare och relativt ofarligt.<br/><br/>Genom att trycksätta och värma koldioxiden kan den superkritiska punkten nås. Mediet får då egenskaper som är mittemellan en vätska och en gas. Framförallt är låg viskositet och snabb diffusion åtråvärda då analyterna kommer att extraheras i en snabbare takt. Traditionella extraktionsmetoder med organiska lösningsmedel kan ta en hel arbetsdag att genomföra medan med superkritisk koldioxid kan extraktionstiden kortas ned till cirka en timme. Eftersom koldioxiden försvinner som en gas vid atmosfäriskt tryck behövs heller ingen indunstning av provet, vilket sparar ytterligare tid.<br/><br/>Denna avhandling behandlar fundamentala aspekter kring hur denna process fortgår. Processparametrar som till exempel tryck, temperatur, inblandning av alkoholer, flöden och extraktionstid har inverkat på hur stor andel av analyterna som blir extraherade och till vilken hastighet. De bakomliggande faktorerna är de som har direkt inverkan. Dessa är löslighet, fördelning mellan det fasta provet och den superkritiska vätskan, diffusion inom provet och diffusion genom den stagnanta film som bildas kring en partikel vid ett flöde kring den. Analyterna kan också vara otillgängliga ifall de till exempel har blivit adsorberade till det fasta provet.<br/><br/>Dessa processer kan tyvärr inte direkt studeras eftersom extraktionen sker i en trycksatt behållare, och nästan alltid i över 100 atmosfäriskt tryck. Här presenteras därför flera metoder för att kunna mäta koncentrationshalten av analyter kontinuerligt i utflödet. Därefter har matematiska metoder, så kallad inversmodellering, utvecklats för att med hjälp av den experimentella datan kunna indirekt studera de processer som påverkar extraktionshastigheten. Den grundläggande kunskapen som erhålls är till stor nytta för att förstå och kunna optimera denna provupparbetningsteknik. Till exempel, tidigare studier har poängterat att det är framförallt diffusion inom provet som orsakar en avtagande extraktionshastighet med tiden. I detta arbete argumenteras det för att det likväl kan vara på grund av partitionering mellan provet och den superkritiska vätskan. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15722515/120581_2_G5_Victor_A_electronic.pdf application/pdf 11371908 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis 2016-10 eng supercritical fluid extraction supercritical fluid chromatography linseed microalgae extraction kinetics inverse modeling curve resolution Analytical Chemistry 978-91-7422-485-6 978-91-7422-486-3 87 2016-11-11T09:15:00+01:00 bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 2016-10-18T10:55:26+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-18T10:55:26+02:00

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theses published Lecture hall K:C, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 12, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Pia-Maria Bondesson author 6d75b889-6315-41cc-880f-a3c727247de9 Mats Galbe supervisor eb46dbe1-1f51-4e60-ae9f-9ee0e8735e4e Ola Wallberg supervisor aedf50ab-6d06-4ec7-8fcf-30f2315f1a83 Guido Zacchi supervisor 09affbb9-0aab-43df-8c90-8b3a07d38666 Professor Jack Saddler opponent University of British Columbia, Canada Division of Chemical Engineering v1000243 department In view of global climate change and the increasing energy demand there is a need for renewable energy resources. This thesis discusses an energy-driven biorefinery concept based on the agricultural residues corn stover and wheat straw. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part is concerned with the effects of steam pretreatment and choice of acid catalyst on ethanol and biogas production, as well as the overall energy yield. The second part focuses on the combination of acetic-acid-catalysed steam pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) and the role of process configuration on SSCF.<br/><br/>Steam pretreatment was found to be a useful instrument to improve access of the main components of corn stover. This pretreatment resulted in high energy recovery. The choice of catalyst during steam pretreatment affected the overall energy recovery and product yield. Steam pretreatment with acetic acid or sulphuric acid improved the energy recovery compared with steam pretreatment with no catalyst or phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid had toxic effects on ethanol and biogas production, while acetic acid was toxic only to ethanol production. The toxic effects on ethanol production were overcome by increasing the pH from 5.0 to 5.5. Process configuration also influenced the total energy recovery and product yield. This showed that not only the type of pretreatment, but also the process configuration, is important in an energy-driven biorefinery.<br/><br/>Acetic acid is a known inhibitor during ethanol production. Using the S. cerevisiae strain KE6-12b resulted in ethanol production from both glucose and xylose, despite the fact that acetic-acid-catalysed steam pretreatment was used. Fed-batch improved SSCF in terms of ethanol yield and final ethanol concentration. Increasing the water insoluble solids (WIS) concentration from 10% to 11.7% improved the ethanol concentration, but the higher amount of inhibitors had a negative effect on the ethanol yield. Increasing the yeast concentration improved the results with higher WIS, but improvements are still required to increase the ethanol yield and concentration. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7f260e9a-d20c-4800-9c85-bba6d690bec0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15766733/Elektronisk_Spikfil.pdf application/pdf 2719042 no Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2016-10-19 eng Ethanol biogas lignocellulose steam pretreatment acid catalyst acetic acid phosphoric acid sulphuric acid xylose fermentation co-fermentation process design SSCF Chemical Engineering Bioprocess Technology (including Bioengineering Equipment) 978-91-7422-476-4 978-91-7422-477-1 159 2016-11-23T13:15:00+01:00 7f260e9a-d20c-4800-9c85-bba6d690bec0 2016-10-19T09:50:35+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-19T09:50:35+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4edb87ef-1d07-49b2-8b34-a669a6395995 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published E:1406, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Christopher Jämthagen author 8e081656-1ad2-4af5-897f-ba142ae841c0 Professor Frank Piessens opponent KU Leuven, Belgium Department of Electrical and Information Technology v1000242 department ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4edb87ef-1d07-49b2-8b34-a669a6395995 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15764406/dissertation.pdf application/pdf 2016087 no The Department of Electrical and Information Technology 2016-10-19 eng Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-942-1 2016-11-15T10:05:00+01:00 4edb87ef-1d07-49b2-8b34-a669a6395995 2016-10-19T10:51:25+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-19T10:51:25+02:00

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theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Anki Knutsson author b9649d57-bbe8-43b5-b45e-19d2b335de9e Anna Hultgårdh supervisor 568de301-64de-4d3a-a5d0-ae8b0892ea70 Madeleine Durbeej-Hjalt supervisor ff1ad48f-2712-4293-9975-afc8e7f9f05f Pontus Dunér supervisor 8638a3c1-02a4-4920-958b-3cb2fff56b37 professor Ulf Hedin opponent Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Vessel Wall Biology v1000376 department Vessel Wall Biology research group Myocardial infarction and stroke are two of the most common causes of death in the world, mainly caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is a high-risk plaque that can form a thrombus by rupture. The phenotype of a plaque prone to rupture includes a thin fibrous cap, a large lipid core, accumulation of macrophages, a fissured fibrous cap and high-grade stenosis. <br/>The aim of this thesis has been to investigate plaque vulnerability and vascular repair processes. We studied androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and its effects on plaque vulnerability in a mouse model of atherosclerosis where we alter shear stress to induce plaques with advanced or fibrous phenotypes. Androgen-deprivation therapy has been associated with increased risk for development of cardiovascular events and recent pooled analyses suggest that this primarily is the case for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonists. In the present study, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonists caused necrosis-like areas in fibrous plaques from ApoE deficient mice after 4 weeks of treatment. This suggests that there are direct drug related interactions with the atherosclerotic plaque. The effects of androgen-deprivation therapy on cardiovascular disease need to be further studied. <br/>In the same mouse model just mentioned, we studied IL-22 deficiency in vascular tissue repair. IL-22 attenuates plaque development in advanced plaques, but not in fibrous lesions, and appears to ease the differentiation of SMC that promotes early plaque growth. The specific role that IL-22 plays in atherosclerosis is yet to be determined. We do know that IL-22 has been found in abundance in carotid plaques from symptomatic patients. Patients with acute myocardial infarction have also been found with a remarkable rise in IL-22 plasma levels, compared with patients with controls. <br/>Diabetes is a riskfactor for cardiovascular disease. To investigate vascular repair mechanism in hyperglycemia per se, without the involvement of dyslipidemia and subsequent inflammation, we induced carotid neointimal hyperplasia in the Akita mouse. We found that hyperglycemia does not alter vascular repair in our mouse model of neointimal hyperplasia<br/>After having to discard a study using diabetic OPN deficient mice, we have isolated and tested OPN deficient beta cells to gain a better understanding of the role of OPN in beta cell function. Our study showed that OPN deficiency in the mouse pancreatic beta cells results in negative alterations of beta-cell physiology that appear to be compensated for in a healthy physiological state. In the OPN-/- mouse we detected three important alterations in the beta cells: elevated Ca2+ levels, morphological modifications of the endoplasmic reticulum and altered insulin vesicle localization. These findings indicate that reduced levels of OPN could in the long run be a factor contributing to development of beta cell failure.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9ee16b83-0c3b-48a5-8a3a-6847913489e5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15766348/Atherosclerotic_Plaque_Stability_and_Vascular_Repair.pdf application/pdf 30135601 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng atherosclerosis, diabetes, repair, inflammation, extracellular matrix Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-349-5 77 2016-11-11T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:123 9ee16b83-0c3b-48a5-8a3a-6847913489e5 2016-10-19T13:47:25+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-19T13:47:25+02:00

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theses published Jubileumsaulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Martin Söderholm author 5813dd9e-3751-4519-bd14-305c7097ca5c Gunnar Engström supervisor 550b9ecd-b6eb-4a08-95c5-937f82d4bc04 Elisabet Zia supervisor 8601eef8-33be-4f71-a2cd-e4636f4afb62 associate professor Peter Appelros opponent Örebro University and Örebro University hospital Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology v1000501 department Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4b16a641-ea90-4ee2-b075-775f0a42d559 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15769849/Martin_S_derholm_webb.pdf application/pdf 3943779 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage Lung function COPD Inflammation Population-study Cohort study Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-344-0 92 2016-11-11T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:118 4b16a641-ea90-4ee2-b075-775f0a42d559 2016-10-19T23:09:02+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-19T23:09:02+02:00

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theses published Physicum, Rydberg Lecture Hall, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Mikhail Shipilin author 6e6bf68d-4f9d-4b8f-9fbb-b401d9aa463a Edvin Lundgren supervisor d75ed37d-b68f-4ae2-b806-9a40698cb676 Johan Gustafson supervisor 554b8391-6a73-499b-bbd2-b3fd60144165 Akademischer Direktor Dr. Lutz Hammer opponent Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department The present work is devoted to atomic scale structural studies of the surfaces of model heterogeneous catalysts relevant to oxidation reactions. A novel approach using high-energy surface X-ray diffraction combined with mass-spectrometry measurements is employed to perform <i>in situ</i> structural characterization of Pd(100) and Pd(553) single crystal surfaces acting as catalysts in the process of CO oxidation under semirealistic conditions. The experimental approach greatly facilitates the understanding of surface X-ray diffraction and improves significantly the data collection speed. The phases forming on the surfaces in gas mixtures with different relative concentrations of CO and O₂ are determined and are associated to the catalytic activity. The corresponding structural models are proposed. <br/><br/>A combination of complementary experimental techniques, including conventional surface X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations, is employed to study in detail the structural and NO adsorption properties of iron oxide ultrathin films grown on Ag(100) and Ag(111) single crystal substrates. Structural models of different phases growing on the surfaces under different preparation conditions are presented. The atomic structural model of a one-layer thick FeO(111) film grown on Ag(100) is proposed. The NO adsorption properties of one-layer thick FeO(111) films on both substrates are investigated and compared to the NO adsorption properties of FeO(111)/Pt(111) reported in the literature. The observed differences are discussed in detail. <br/><br/>The results obtained for CO oxidation over Pd model catalysts allow for an increased understanding of the processes occurring on the surface of a working catalyst and the connection between the catalytic properties and the surface structure. The performed studies of iron oxide ultrathin films grown on silver substrates provide insight into how the structural properties are related to the adsorption properties of such systems and knowledge important for the design of novel catalytic materials with improved qualities. Catalytic processes have tremendous importance in our everyday life. Most chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics etc. are, in fact, produced with the help of catalysts. What is probably even more important is that the toxic wastes produced in great amounts by modern factories and plants are recycled or transformed into less poisonous substances by means of catalytic units. One example from our everyday life is the exhaust of car engines and toxic emission of power plants. The products of fuel combustion, e.g. carbon monoxide, are extremely harmful for our health and environment. In order to reduce the negative impact, cleaning systems containing catalytically active materials are employed to handle toxic compounds.<br/><br/>The reason why we need catalysts to transform one gas into another is that not all processes are favorable in nature and not all of them can proceed on their own. To continue with the carbon monoxide gas example, when the molecules of CO and the molecules of O₂ are trapped together in a confined volume, they will simply coexist in a mixture preserving their identity. They do not react with each other because of the lack of energy required to initiate the reaction. The picture changes if a catalytically active material, e.g. platinum or palladium is introduced in the system. The gas molecules can then attach to the surface, where due to the interaction of electrons between the molecules and the substrate atoms, they can be activated and react with each other to produce CO₂. This process is called heterogeneous catalysis because a solid catalyst is participating in the reaction of gases. <br/><br/>Since heterogeneous catalytic reactions occur on the surface of a catalyst, it is clear that in order to handle greater amount of gases a more extended surface area is necessary. To achieve this, small particles of a catalytically active material, which all together have a much larger surface area than any extended bulk form, are deposited on a porous substrate, which is enclosed in a vessel attached to the emission line. Such catalytic units are widely produced and available for industrial use. In order to develop new, better and cheaper catalysts, however, the studies of the processes occurring on the surface of the active material are necessary. In particular, it is important to determine the atomic structure and its influence on the chemical and physical properties of the surface of the particles. <br/><br/>The present dissertation reports on research work aimed at understanding the connection between structural properties of model catalysts and their catalytic performance. The samples used in the studies are extended atomically flat surfaces of crystals and thin films grown on them. The use of model catalysts is a way to overcome one of the two main problems arising in surface science — the <i>material gap</i> (between industrial catalysis and laboratory studies). It appears due to a restricted access to the particles in a real catalytic units. The second — the <i>pressure gap</i> — is constituted by the inability of most surface sensitive experimental techniques to operate under atmospheric pressures and, as a result, the requirement of ultra high vacuum conditions in an experiment. In the current work we employ a novel technique based on X-ray radiation, which can overcome the pressure restriction. <br/><br/>The results reported in the dissertation show that when the surface of Pd acts as a catalyst in CO oxidation, a one-layer thick Pd oxide film forms on the surface and it is this compound that actually promotes the reaction. This film grows in thickness and finally loses the high degree of structural order upon increase of oxygen concentration. A stepped surface of Pd was also studied in a similar way in order to increase the complexity of the model system and approach closer to real catalysts. The steps on the surface mimic the edges of catalyst particles to a certain extent and allow to study the way they affect the reaction. <br/><br/>Another model system studied in the current work is thin iron oxide films grown on Ag substrates. They were shown to perform well in catalytic oxidation processes. The reported results are therefore important for understanding of the catalytic performance of the studied structures. The special feature of such thin films is that, due to the difference between their atomic arrangement and that of the substrate, they can form completely different two-dimensional structures with different properties depending on the particular substrate and preparation conditions. The results of the current studies deliver insight into this dependence, which is necessary for the design of novel functional two-dimensional materials with desired properties. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/12be6aeb-9b35-4b75-9857-6c36827a988a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15810950/03_Body.pdf application/pdf 39501923 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research 2016-10 eng Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) Heterogeneous catalysis Pd PdO Fe FeO Thin films Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Shipilin Physical Sciences 978-91-7623-967-4 978-91-7623-968-1 228 2016-12-02T09:00:00+01:00 12be6aeb-9b35-4b75-9857-6c36827a988a 2016-10-20T11:50:23+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-20T11:50:23+02:00

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theses published Lecture Hall, Radioterapy building, floor 3, Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund. 1 Tove Wästerlid author 98fbb726-91b2-4b9a-8ace-eb2c7443869f Mats Jerkeman supervisor 960ac58f-efc9-4246-b2b3-22c9226a529e Sara Ek supervisor 2bd23da1-6f49-463c-bb42-d7d48073b46e associate professor Martine E.D. Chamuleau opponent VU University Medical Centre, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Lymphoma - Clinical Research v1001088 department Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department Lymphoma - Clinical Research research group Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare, aggressive disorder constituting 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is more common, accounting for 30% of malignant lymphoma. Standard treatment for adult BL and for certain subgroups of patients with DLBCL remains to be defined due to paucity of randomised trials performed. The focus in this thesis lies on the effect of prognostic factors and treatment on outcome for patients with these two aggressive lymphomas, using unselected, population based patient cohorts.<br/><br/>In the first and second study, prognostic factors and efficacy of treatment regimens used for adult BL patients were investigated using data from the Swedish lymphoma registry (SLR) and Danish lymphoma registry (study two). Age was determined the most important predictor of adverse prognosis, and improvement in outcome during the study period was restricted to patients aged ≤65. Also, the superiority of high-intensive chemotherapy regimens compared to low-intensive treatment was confirmed, whereas the role of the monoclonal antibody rituximab remained undefined.<br/><br/>In the third study, the impact of dose-dense chemotherapy administration and addition of etoposide were evaluated for adult DLBCL patients, using data from a six-year period, collected from the SLR. Among all patients, there was no evidence of a difference in outcome between examined regimens. However, when restricted to patients ≤65, the addition of etoposide to the R-CHOP-14 regimen was associated with superior outcome. <br/><br/>In study number four, the frequency and potential clinical implications of expression of the transcription factor SOX11 in adult BL was investigated. SOX11 is aberrantly expressed in various hematopoietic and solid malignancies and appears to affect clinicopathological characteristics. Fourteen of 45 examined adult BL samples expressed SOX11 and its presence did not impact overall survival, in our material. In contrast, SOX11 knockdown in a BL cell line resulted in increased cellular proliferation, suggesting a potential growth regulatory role for SOX11 in BL.<br/><br/>Collectively, the studies included in this thesis provide real-world data regarding the effect on outcome of patient characteristics and treatment in adult BL and DLBCL. Although optimal treatment needs to be established in a randomised setting, this work emphasises the importance of high-intensive treatment and provides unselected, population based information on clinicopathological factors that affect outcome. Novel therapeutic strategies are warranted particularly for elderly patients, but will hopefully contribute to improve survival and decrease toxicity for all adult BL and DLBCL patients. Additionally, results presented in this thesis may possibly serve as comparative data for future population based studies. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4c95632d-1c95-4d81-a72a-cbb900e727d7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15978071/Tove_Wa_sterlid_webb.pdf application/pdf 6438990 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Burkitt Lymphoma Chemotherapy SOX11 Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Prognostic factors Rituximab Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-324-2 116 2016-11-18T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:98 4c95632d-1c95-4d81-a72a-cbb900e727d7 2016-10-24T09:39:25+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:19Z 2016-10-24T09:39:25+02:00

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theses published Medicinskt forskningscentrum, Lilla Aulan, ingång 59, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Martin Clementson author edb7fe96-7e5c-41c0-8d77-60b60c05204f Anders Björkman supervisor 8faf0456-ece5-4c3a-8b12-442df3b91f40 Lars Dahlin supervisor 4b2e6411-44ca-4fb5-93a9-c1ffb4ae08b4 Niels Thomsen supervisor ff76f811-87ae-4c1c-b15e-05f56a8d2d7d professor Lars Adolfsson opponent Linköping University Hand Surgery, Malmö v1000572 department Hand Surgery, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/42ed0a8a-c0ea-412e-a5f6-c2fc3aefce6b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18832089/Martin_Clementson_Webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 5000882 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng 978-91-7619-387-7 84 2017-01-20T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:6 42ed0a8a-c0ea-412e-a5f6-c2fc3aefce6b 2016-12-29T15:57:28+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z 2016-12-29T15:57:28+01:00

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theses published Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Stefanos Carlström author 663467f7-fbbd-446c-9bf3-d6defe8b3bf3 Johan Mauritsson supervisor 04ec159a-f0a1-4127-9627-0f284fca236a Kenneth Schafer supervisor 68166f98-402c-46c7-9d55-b59bae418214 Lars Engström supervisor 3321208a-e651-400e-a959-e7cefad607c6 Professor Eric Cormier opponent Université de Bordeaux, France Atomic Physics v1000622 department This PhD thesis deals with the sub-cycle nature of ultrafast phenomena that occur in strong-field light–matter interactions. As it is of interest to control these phenomena, we must understand them in order to manipulate them. The tools at our disposal are intense laser pulses of short duration, and the systems we study are atoms. A host of exotic phenomena may occur in strong-field light–matter interaction, such as <i>high-order harmonic generation</i> and <i>above-threshold ionization</i>. These processes exhibit aspects of both quantum mechanics and classical mechanics, in a fascinating blend.<br/><br/>An important part of the work described in this thesis concerns the quantum paths of the electrons involved in these processes. The link between their journey and the time at which their journey begins is examined in a variety of ways. One property that quantum mechanical particles do not share with their classical counterparts is that the former may take a multitude of paths to reach their final destination. Furthermore, these paths may interfere such that the probability of detecting the particle is enhanced, suppressed, or sometimes even completely cancelled out. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3efc40a6-0524-459e-ade4-caa048df1307 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18894775/thesis_lu.pdf application/pdf 51700136 no 1 Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2016 eng High-order harmonic generation Quantum path interference Coherence Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Carlström Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7753-116-6 978-91-7753-117-3 246 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18894773/errata.pdf application/pdf 2017-01-26T13:15:00+01:00 3efc40a6-0524-459e-ade4-caa048df1307 2016-12-30T12:16:58+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-30T12:16:58+01:00

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theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:211 1 Hassan Sabzevari author b93756f0-b6d7-4ae4-8744-57e19e78dda1 Hossein Asgharian supervisor 98568ba8-8963-48a9-841c-ddf87f338d96 Birger Nilsson supervisor 95eb15c6-4575-4c54-a929-0600855dc0f1 Professor Johan Knif opponent Hanken School of Economics, Finland Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis makes a contribution to systemic risk literature in the European banking system. The intimate interdependence between the European banking industries and the fragile GIIPS debt market has jeopardized the banking sector in Europe. The threats of unfavourable financial conditions in European bank- ing sufficiently highlight the importance of the dissertation’s distinct focus on systemic risk measurement and on the risk drivers. The outcomes of the three included papers give support to the European authorities to enact comprehen- sive macroprudential regulation schemes.<br/>The first paper estimates the systemic risk contributions of GIIPS-block bank- ing on 14 major banking systems in Europe. The CoVaR measure further eval- uates the magnitude of risk using two methods; quantile regression and DCC. Our results indicate a substantial spillover effect of GIIPS banking on the exam- ined banking systems. In other words, the countries’ banking sectors are in part driven by systemic risk in the GIIPS banking system. We also find supporting ev- idence of amplified spillover effects from the GIIPS-block banking sector during the financial crises.<br/>The second paper firstly quantifies the sovereign debt spillovers based on daily returns of GIIPS and individual banks’ CDSs over the period of 2007-2015. Then, it examines banks’ financial features and financial markets’ circumstances that determine variations in the banks’ sovereign risk exposures. We find those banks that hold higher assets in times of crisis or work in markets with unfa- vorable profiles, i.e. low returns and high idiosyncratic risks tend to be further susceptible to sovereign risk. However, we do not observe that variations in the risk exposures have been driven by dissimilarities in individual fundamentals such as leverage, debt-to-cash, and market-to-book value of equity ratios.<br/>The third paper analyzes the main determinants of systemic contagion from an individual country’s banking sector to the whole banking industry of Europe in 1999-2013. The results show that differences in systemic risk contribution are driven by a combination of balance-sheet characteristics and macroeconomic conditions such as the country-level VaR, crisis episodes, size or total asset, bi- lateral loan, market-to-book ratio, stock market returns, and industry produc- tion index (IPI).<br/><br/>Keywords: Systemic Risk, CoVaR, GIIPS, Quantile Regression, DCC, CDS JEL Classification: G01, G21, E43, N24, H63, F30<br/>i https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b9ec2c96-981c-4f85-91c5-176edc6fb672 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18172877/Hassan_Sabzevari_PhD_Thesis.pdf application/pdf 3029309 no 2016-12-12 eng Systemic Risk, CoVaR, GIIPS, Quantile Regression, DCC, CDS Economics 978-91-7753-126-5 978-91-7753-127-2 129 2017-01-27T14:15:00+01:00 b9ec2c96-981c-4f85-91c5-176edc6fb672 2016-12-13T13:26:30+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-13T13:26:30+01:00

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theses published Rydbergsalen, Fysicum, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Daniel Ward author f0397fb7-a467-4c36-b328-ca4cde251405 Sven Åberg supervisor e562381f-a56c-4b63-a485-0d12cb66d4d3 Gillis Carlsson supervisor 02859a9d-a0b6-4db6-934a-03c974c644cc Professor Stefan Frauendorf opponent University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA Mathematical Physics v1000630 department This dissertation deals with the effects of nuclear structure on the α-decay properties, and on the fission-yield<br/>distributions from the decay of heavy nuclei. The nuclear-structure and decay properties of superheavy<br/>nuclei is one of the central topics for investigation. α decay is treated in a microscopic approach employing<br/>Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov wave functions to describe the formation of an α cluster in the unstable<br/>nucleus. Fission is treated using the random-walk approach, where the nuclear level density obtained from a<br/>detailed model influences the dynamical evolution of the shape of the nucleus. The dissertation contains five<br/>original research papers, and an introductory part containing background information and some additional<br/>details of the studies.<br/>Paper I contains an investigation of the α-particle formation amplitudes and decay rates obtained with<br/>Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov wave functions for even-even near-spherical nuclei.<br/>Paper II contains a study of some more aspects of the description in Paper I.<br/>Paper III extends the application of the method in papers I and II to odd-mass near-spherical nuclei.<br/>Hindrance factors and the competition between α-decay paths to different excited states are investigated.<br/>Paper IV deals with the theoretical description of low-lying states in superheavy nuclei observed in α-<br/>decay and spectroscopy measurements on element 115 decay chains.<br/>Paper V contains results for fission-yield distributions obtained by combining the nuclear level densities<br/>from a combinatorial model with the five-dimensional shape space random-walk approach. The influence on the<br/>yields from the structure of the microscopically calculated level densities is investigated.<br/> This dissertation deals with the effects of nuclear structure on the α-decay properties, and on the fission-yield<br/>distributions from the decay of heavy nuclei. The nuclear-structure and decay properties of superheavy<br/>nuclei is one of the central topics for investigation. α decay is treated in a microscopic approach employing<br/>Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov wave functions to describe the formation of an α cluster in the unstable<br/>nucleus. Fission is treated using the random-walk approach, where the nuclear level density obtained from a<br/>detailed model influences the dynamical evolution of the shape of the nucleus. The dissertation contains five<br/>original research papers, and an introductory part containing background information and some additional<br/>details of the studies.<br/>Paper I contains an investigation of the α-particle formation amplitudes and decay rates obtained with<br/>Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov wave functions for even-even near-spherical nuclei.<br/>Paper II contains a study of some more aspects of the description in Paper I.<br/>Paper III extends the application of the method in papers I and II to odd-mass near-spherical nuclei.<br/>Hindrance factors and the competition between α-decay paths to different excited states are investigated.<br/>Paper IV deals with the theoretical description of low-lying states in superheavy nuclei observed in α-<br/>decay and spectroscopy measurements on element 115 decay chains.<br/>Paper V contains results for fission-yield distributions obtained by combining the nuclear level densities<br/>from a combinatorial model with the five-dimensional shape space random-walk approach. The influence on the<br/>yields from the structure of the microscopically calculated level densities is investigated.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ae456b85-3316-4c61-9ae0-d51ec3825b46 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18261715/thesis_DW_LUCRIS.pdf application/pdf 3812336 no 2017-01-13 eng alpha decay hindrance factors Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model superheavy nuclei fission yields Brownian-shape motion nuclear structure nuclear level density alpha decay hindrance factors Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model superheavy nuclei fission yields Brownian-shape motion nuclear structure nuclear level density Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Ward Physical Sciences Subatomic Physics 978-91-7753-120-3 978-91-7753-121-0 150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.064316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014314 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.014308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/89/5/054027 2017-01-13T13:15:00+01:00 ae456b85-3316-4c61-9ae0-d51ec3825b46 2016-12-14T13:39:49+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-14T13:39:49+01:00

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theses published C121, LUX, Helgonavägen 3, Lund 1 Ivo Jacobs author 884bb005-5e07-4224-a938-7d57d1be1105 Mathias Osvath supervisor 70fde8df-ccf2-41ab-830b-7a2d83b619ce dr Alice Auersperg opponent Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Österrike Cognitive Science v1000050 department LUCS Cognitive Zoology Group RG275 department LUCS Cognitive Zoology Group research group On the origins of physical cognition in corvids project INGREDIENTS OF COMPLEX PHYSICAL COGNITION – comparisons between crow birds and great apes project <p class="MsoNormal">Physical cognition involves a host of cognitive abilities that enable understanding and manipulation of the physical world. Corvids, the bird family that includes crows, ravens and jays, are renowned for their cognitive abilities, but still little is known about their folk physics. This thesis explores the origins of physical cognition in corvids by investigating its mechanisms, development,fitness value and phylogeny in a wide context that includes theoretical and empirical studies.</p><p class="MsoNormal">String pulling is a valuable paradigm for addressing these questions. Many animals can pull a string with food attached to its end, but uncovering the cognitive abilities involved in this behaviour requires further testing. Paper I reviews the string-pulling paradigm, which is one of the oldest tests of animal cognition.It is a highly suitable test for species comparisons, socio-ecological correlations, and phylogenetic questions. Paper II tests several corvids, apes and peafowl on a string-pulling task where the first pulls do not result in the food moving closer. Despite the absence of such visual feedback, most subjects pulled strings in completely, although corvids appeared to choose randomly.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Tool use is the archetypical example of physical cognition. Many corvids are remarkably adept at using tools in experimental settings. Paper III reviews animal tool use in general. It is now clear that customary tool-using species do not necessarily outperform their non-tool-using relatives on tests of physical cognition. For corvids that frequently use tools in the wild, such as New Caledonian crows and‘Alalā, tool use appears to have a significant fitness value and may have resulted in morphological adaptations. Paper IV describes a novel tool-use mode in New Caledonian crows. They inserted sticks into objects and then moved away,thereby transporting both. One crow could not grasp the target object, which suggests that such insert-and-transport tool use facilitates control over unwieldy objects. Paper V briefly argues that some corvids have shown the ability to make novel causal interventions, although this question should be addressed in a clearer theoretical framework that makes testable predictions.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Sensorimotor cognition is a set of fundamental cognitive abilities that enables the integration of sensory and motor information into practical behaviour. It underlies much of corvid physical cognition. Paper VI investigates the development of sensorimotor cognition in ravens. Their skills developed rapidly and exceeded those of some mammals. They reached the same final sensorimotor stage as great apes, albeit at a markedly accelerated rate. The propensity of corvids to cache objects was investigated in Paper VII. Ravens, which often cache food,frequently cached objects, but surprisingly at similar rates as non-food-caching jackdaws. New Caledonian crows mostly cached objects that resembled functional tools.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits to animals. Fear of mistakenly anthropomorphising animals has resulted in biased principles and an uneven burden of proof, which may hinder scientific progress more than it is supposed to offer protection against making mistakes. Cognitive zoology should not be misguided by overcompensating for such potential pitfalls.</p> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/76189555-c4e9-494b-9a35-1f8ce88bc58d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18221877/Ivo_Jacobs_On_the_origins_of_physical_cognition_in_corvids.pdf application/pdf 3705310 no 167 Lund University Cognitive Studies 2017 eng physical cognition causal cognition tool use evolution of cognition anthropomorphism corvids Philosophy Zoology Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) 978-91-88473-25-7 978-91-88473-26-4 225 http://www.lucs.lu.se/lund-university-cognitive-studies-series/ 2017-01-12T10:00:00+01:00 76189555-c4e9-494b-9a35-1f8ce88bc58d 2016-12-14T21:13:53+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-14T21:13:53+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:80c01e0c-8742-4205-91be-2d08fda99f8a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Eden’s auditorium, Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Suzanne PETERSSON author 5ccb351b-3512-4a74-9dcb-9882762557c3 Per Johnsson supervisor 64ff2b82-7519-4f59-918d-182a5dc358d4 Kent-Inge Perseius supervisor Professor Finn Skårderud opponent Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Department of Psychology v1000681 department Eating disorders (EDs) are common and serious psychiatric disorders causing significant physical and psychological suffering, for both those afflicted and their significant others. Although there has been considerable research on EDs throughout the years, there is still much left to be desired for successful treatment.<br/><br/>Perfectionism has been suggested to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of EDs. Perfectionism has also been suggested to interfere with treatment, and to predict treatment outcome. This thesis aims to illuminate aspects of perfectionism in patients with eating disorders.<br/><br/>In Study I the relationship between perfectionism and Sense of Coherence (SOC) in a sample of patients with EDs was investigated. A high extent of perfectionism was significantly correlated to a weak SOC. Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) was correlated to all SOC components, while Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) was solely correlated to the Manageability component. The results suggested that SOP might be a more healthy aspect of perfectionism compared to SPP. Also, SPP could be more strongly related to psychiatric co-morbidity.<br/><br/>In Study II it was explored whether there were different patterns for the extent of SPP and SOP, perseverance/changeability of perfectionism, and how such patterns were related to long-term outcomes. Study data from a large, clinical, and national database was used. Five clusters were found. Persistent SOP was more strongly related to ED symptoms and psychiatric symptoms at baseline compared to other perfectionism patterns. There were no significant differences in outcomes between clusters three years after the initial measure. Patterns of relationships between the extent and possible changes of perfectionism measured with the Perfectionism Scale in the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-P) at baseline, and after six months, did not appear to be associated with long-term outcomes in psychiatric health ratings.<br/><br/>In Study III semi-structured interviews with 15 patients were conducted and analysed. The narratives were compared with scorings on the EDI-P. No differences were found in the narratives related to EDI perfectionism scores or ED diagnoses. Seven themes were found: The origins of perfectionism, Top performance, Order and self-control, A perfect body, Looking good in the eyes of others, A double-edged coping strategy, and A Sisyphean task. The women in this study did not emphasize their weights or bodies as the main goal of their perfectionistic strivings. Core descriptions were order, self-control, and top performances. All participants described their awareness of the impossibility of reaching perfectionism. Scorings of SOP were significantly higher compared to SPP. The results showed that psychometric measures do not always capture patient definitions of perfectionism, but considering that perfectionism serves as a means to, among other things, regulate affects, and may lead to an exacerbation of an eating disorder, and the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, it is important to investigate the definitions of perfectionism. All studies in the present thesis were clinical, naturalistic, and, thus, transdiagnostic. The results showed that perfectionism in patients with EDs is a complex construct, suggesting that perfectionism should be regarded as a compensatory strategy with affect-regulating functions, in line with ED symptoms. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/80c01e0c-8742-4205-91be-2d08fda99f8a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17962734/Suzanne_Peterssons_avhandling_final_.pdf application/pdf 3073749 no Lund University 2017-01-12 eng ätstörningar perfektionism psykiatri KASAM psykometri eating disorders perfectionism psychiatry sense of coherence psychometrics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) 978-91-7753-108-1 978-91-7753-109-8 161 2017-02-03T10:00:00+01:00 80c01e0c-8742-4205-91be-2d08fda99f8a 2016-12-08T09:33:50+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-08T09:33:50+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b0f711f2-47cd-4bed-a6b7-ac3ba1e26fa4 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Auditorium, Stora Algatan 4, Lund 1 Beatrice Nyström author dd6987d9-76d3-4031-b6b0-d8c71eea516e Hans Bengtsson supervisor b9893099-947c-4f2d-8744-2526e88dee7f Mikael Johansson supervisor 41e5eded-1306-4289-b013-8afd9ebb4b15 Associate professor Karin Brocki opponent Uppsala university Department of Psychology v1000681 department This thesis concerns temperamental qualities and their influence on risk-taking behavior during middle childhood (7–11 years of age). Contemporary research generally agrees upon the notion that temperament constitutes two motivational systems, sensitive to punishment and reward respectively, together with a third system that is responsible for regulating the motivational systems. Risk-taking is generally regarded as the tendency to engage in potentially harmful or dangerous behaviors that at the same time provide opportunities for positive outcomes (Leigh, 1999). Study 1 of this thesis provides a psychometric evaluation of the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ; Simonds &amp; Rothbart, 2004), one of the temperament questionnaires used in the other two studies. We also tested the ability of the punishment and reward sensitivity factors from the r-RST, as measured by the Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire for Children (SPSRQ-C; Colder et al., 2011), to validate the corresponding factors from the TMCQ. Our second study examines the interaction effects between temperamental traits fear, drive, and activation control on risk-taking. Fear and drive represent the punishment sensitivity system and the reward system respectively, and activation control is the ability to control the reactions in these two systems. Results from this study suggest that the joint influence of the temperamental systems is of great importance in risk-taking, and also that activation control abilities provide a good protection for children prone to risk-taking behavior. Lastly, our third study examines how children’s temperamental qualities interact with incentive contexts in risky decision-making. Results suggest that incentive-related contextual factors have a strong influence on risky decision-making and that temperament modifies this influence, thereby reducing or increasing children’s proneness to take risks. The findings supported predictions based on the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST; Gray &amp; McNaughton, 2000), regarding how temperament and incentive context jointly determine behavior in risk-taking situations. The results from our studies provide a better understanding of how temperamental qualities interact in children’s risk-taking, and of how the effects of temperament on risky decision-making can be moderated. This is highly relevant information, since research suggests that effortful control abilities are possible to improve through training. Min avhandling handlar om hur barns medfödda temperamentsegenskaper påverkar deras risktagande. Temperamentsegenskaper antas avspegla aktiviteten i biologiskt nedärvda motivationssystem. Aktiviteten i dessa avgör hur snabbt, hur starkt och hur länge vi kommer att reagera i olika situationer. I vår första studie ville vi studera psykometriska egenskaper hos det frågeformulär vi avsåg att använda i studie 2 och 3; the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ; Simonds &amp; Rothbart, 2004), från Rothbart’s temperamentsteori. Inför studie 2 var vår huvudhypotes att barns temperamentsegenskaper påverkar deras risktagandetendenser, och att det framförallt är kombinationen av de olika egenskaperna som är avgörande. Inför studie 3 antog vi att barnens vilja att ta risker, och deras svarshastighet vid beslutsfattandet, skulle påverkas av möjliga vinster och förluster. Vi antog att sambandet skulle påverkas av storleken på vinsten och förlusten samt att sambandet skulle modereras av deras temperamentsegenskaper. Våra resultat visar att en kombinerad aktivitet av de olika motivationssystemen är avgörande för risk-tagande hos barn, samt att förmågan att reglera denna aktivitet är viktig för att kunna hämma risk-tagandeimpulser. Vidare visar våra resultat att kontextuella faktorer i hög grad inverkar på barns beslutsfattande i situationer av risk, och att temperaments egenskaper inverkar i stor utsträckning på denna process. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b0f711f2-47cd-4bed-a6b7-ac3ba1e26fa4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18007731/E_spik_Beatricepdf.pdf application/pdf 2493323 no 1 Lund University 2017 eng Temperament Risk-taking Decision-making Middle childhood Temperament Risktagande Beslutsfattande Barndomen Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) 978-91-7753-094-7 978-91-7753-095-4 103 2017-02-16T13:00:00+01:00 b0f711f2-47cd-4bed-a6b7-ac3ba1e26fa4 2016-12-09T11:33:15+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-09T11:33:15+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4f8ff41d-0a4c-4bd4-a046-6f58b32dc094 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Alexandra Rundberg Nilsson author 16a40ca3-b6cc-4441-aedb-8e1828192c8b Kees-Jan Pronk supervisor 375363ae-33af-48ad-8aec-bf233f98a046 David Bryder supervisor 71c40763-56e9-4548-9c38-c9ef14fa17dc PhD Michael Milsom opponent Heidelberg Division of Molecular Hematology (DMH) v1000550 department StemTherapy: National Initiative on Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy v1001247 department The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) has and continues to be extensively investigated, and represents by far the most studied somatic stem cell. Development of various experimental technologies, including fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), have been crucial for research advancements within the hematopoietic field. However, utilization of flow cytometry techniques put high demands on study design, execution, and data analysis. In article I, we addressed a number of important aspects of flow cytometry-based experiments, particularly for experiments evaluating cells present at low frequencies, such as HSCs, and/or of limited sample amounts. Specifically, we highlighted the importance of different types of positive and negative controls. We also presented a 17-parameter analysis design for simultaneous investigation of numerous different mature and immature human hematopoietic cell populations, including HSCs, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs), common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), CD11b+ myeloid cells, CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, in one bone marrow sample. Lastly, we discussed data visualization alternatives that allow for appropriate presentation of analyzed results.<br/>Serial transplantation is considered the gold standard approach for in vivo evaluation of long-term HSC capacity. Despite the extensive use of this methodology, such experiments are not conducted uniformly between laboratories. In article II, we therefore compared the two most common strategies for serial transplantation (serial transplantation of whole bone marrow [wBM] versus serial transplantation of purified HSCs). We revealed that donor-derived cells were not evenly distributed among separate bones within individual mice three months after transplantation – a time point that is frequently used for readout of bone marrow engraftment and/or isolation of cells for serial transplantations. We showed that such unequal distribution could impede isolation and serial transplantation of wBM with representative chimerism levels. Serial transplantation of purified HSCs would however correct for uneven chimerism levels. Furthermore, serial transplantation of wBM was associated with a relative lymphoid skewing, likely as a result of long-lived lymphoid-restricted non- HSCs. Again, serial transplantation of purified HSCs is preferential as it ensures evaluation of lineage output from the designated candidate HSC population. We also demonstrated that serial transplantation of purified HSCs enable distinction of long-term effects (occurring in secondary recipients) from short-term effects (presented in primary recipients), which may be hindered when wBM is transplanted. Therefore, we highly recommend utilization of purified HSCs for serial transplantation purposes. We also presented a proposed serial transplantation design that would maximize the chances to correctly evaluate long-term HSC competence.<br/>Lastly in this thesis, we investigated the effects of aging on human and murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Such investigations are important for understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause age-associated alterations of the hematopoietic system, including immune impairments, and increased incidences of anemia and myeloid malignancies. Murine studies indicate that at least some age-associated hematologic changes are linked to alterations occurring in the most immature hematopoietic compartments. Such studies in humans are sparse, as well as conflicting, but necessary to establish species-conserved and species-specific aging<br/>patterns, and to confirm mice as relevant model organisms for investigations of aging hematopoiesis. In article III, we revealed that humans and mice demonstrate several similar hematologic aging patterns, including increased HSC frequencies, and lymphoid differentiation impairments. Both species also exhibited prominent transcriptional lineage-skewing patterns of aged HSCs toward enrichments of megakaryocytic/erythroid signatures, while genes involved in lymphoid specification were markedly downregulated. In conclusion, these results confirmed several HSC aging similarities across the human-to-mouse species barrier, as well as demonstrated novel lineage-skewing patterns within aging HSPCs. The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) has and continues to be extensively investigated, and represents by far the most studied somatic stem cell. Development of various experimental technologies, including fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), have been crucial for research advancements within the hematopoietic field. However, utilization of flow cytometry techniques put high demands on study design, execution, and data analysis. In article I, we addressed a number of important aspects of flow cytometry-based experiments, particularly for experiments evaluating cells present at low frequencies, such as HSCs, and/or of limited sample amounts. Specifically, we<br/>highlighted the importance of different types of positive and negative controls. We also presented a 17-parameter analysis design for simultaneous investigation of numerous different mature and immature human hematopoietic cell populations, including HSCs, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs), common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs),<br/>CD11b+ myeloid cells, CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, in one bone marrow sample. Lastly, we discussed data visualization alternatives that allow for appropriate presentation of analyzed results.<br/>Serial transplantation is considered the gold standard approach for in vivo evaluation of long-term HSC capacity. Despite the extensive use of this methodology, such experiments are not conducted uniformly between laboratories. In article II, we therefore compared the two most common strategies for serial transplantation (serial transplantation of whole bone marrow [wBM] versus serial transplantation of purified HSCs). We revealed that donor-derived cells were not evenly distributed among separate bones within individual mice three months after transplantation – a time point that is frequently used for readout of bone marrow engraftment and/or isolation of cells for serial transplantations. We showed that such unequal distribution could impede isolation and serial transplantation of wBM with representative chimerism levels. Serial transplantation of purified HSCs would however correct for uneven chimerism levels. Furthermore, serial transplantation of wBM was associated with a relative lymphoid skewing, likely as a result of long-lived lymphoid-restricted non-<br/>HSCs. Again, serial transplantation of purified HSCs is preferential as it ensures evaluation of lineage output from the designated candidate HSC population. We also demonstrated that serial transplantation of purified HSCs enable distinction of long-term effects (occurring in secondary recipients) from short-term effects (presented in primary recipients), which may be hindered when wBM is transplanted. Therefore, we highly recommend utilization of purified HSCs for serial transplantation purposes. We also presented a proposed serial transplantation design that would maximize the chances to correctly evaluate long-term HSC competence.<br/>Lastly in this thesis, we investigated the effects of aging on human and murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Such investigations are important for understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause age-associated alterations of the hematopoietic system, including immune impairments, and increased incidences of anemia and myeloid malignancies. Murine studies indicate that at<br/>least some age-associated hematologic changes are linked to alterations occurring in the most immature hematopoietic compartments. Such studies in humans are sparse, as well as conflicting, but necessary to establish species-conserved and species-specific aging patterns, and to confirm mice as relevant model organisms for investigations of aging hematopoiesis. In article III, we revealed that humans and mice demonstrate several similar hematologic aging patterns, including increased HSC frequencies, and lymphoid differentiation impairments. Both species also exhibited prominent transcriptional lineage-skewing patterns of aged HSCs toward enrichments of megakaryocytic/erythroid signatures, while genes involved in lymphoid specification were markedly downregulated. In conclusion, these results confirmed several HSC aging similarities across the human-to-mouse species barrier, as well as demonstrated novel lineage-skewing patterns within aging HSPCs. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4f8ff41d-0a4c-4bd4-a046-6f58b32dc094 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18601215/Alexandra_KAPPAN_inkl_omslag.pdf application/pdf 15059270 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Hematopoietic stem cells Aging Serial transplantation Self-renewal Flow cytometry Gene expression Cell and Molecular Biology 978-91-7619-389-1 76 2017-01-18T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:8 4f8ff41d-0a4c-4bd4-a046-6f58b32dc094 2016-12-23T10:35:05+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2016-12-23T10:35:05+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:448e5ad6-7227-4b6c-979b-162b43fe2054 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5 H, Lund 1 Åsa Ritenius Manjer author 85e94522-7dc4-42e9-8cfd-22f8e3575e0a Ulla Melin Emilsson supervisor 1eb18676-aeec-46f1-b175-5936a9063588 Sophia Zackrisson supervisor 53170e8b-279b-4e6a-8f63-0212cfb27797 Professor Pär Salander opponent Umeå universitet School of Social Work v1000688 department Cancer har kommit att bli en av de största folksjukdomarna i den industrialiserade västvärlden och enbart i Sverige insjuknar över 55 000 personer varje år. Det faktum att var tredje person kommer att drabbas av en cancersjukdom någon gång under sin livstid innebär, förutom ett stort mänskligt lidande, att samhället står inför stora folkhälsopolitiska utmaningar att nå medborgarna med sina hälsofrämjande och hälsoförebyggande insatser. Bland kvinnor är bröstcancer den vanligaste cancerformen. För att i tid upptäcka tumören och på så vis få bättre möjligheter att bota sjukdomen rekommenderas i dagsläget mammografiscreening för kvinnor i åldersgruppen 40 till 74 år. Men trots att Sverige i ett internationellt perspektiv har ett högt deltagande i mammografiscreening så avstår cirka 20 % av de kvinnor som kallas. <br/> Denna avhandling handlar om olika sätt att förhålla sig till hälsa och sjukdom i relation till välfärdsstatens hälsoambitioner. Den tar sin empiriska utgångspunkt i ett antal kvinnors syn på och erfarenheter av mammografiscreening, ställt i ljuset av samhällets förväntningar att de som kallas ska delta i denna förebyggande undersökning för att i tid upptäcka eventuell bröstcancer. Genom individuella intervjuer med 18 kvinnor utan bröstcancer som hade avstått från mammografiscreening och fokusgruppintervjuer med 28 kvinnor med bröstcancer som hade deltagit i mammografiscreening, blev det tydligt att samtliga kvinnor hade uppfattat det medicinska värdet med tidig upptäckt av bröstcancer. Avhandlingen innehåller även en kvantitativt baserad kohortstudie med data från 1452 kvinnor. Den visar också att det finns en klar uppfattning bland både deltagare och icke-deltagare i mammografiscreening att undersökningen ökar möjligheten att bli frisk från bröstcancer. <br/> Den inledande forskningsfrågan som ställdes var vilka möjliga orsaker som kan ligga bakom kvinnors beslut att avstå från mammografiscreening och tog sin utgångspunkt i den tidigare forskningen som hade identifierat socioekonomiska skillnader i deltagandet. Speciellt fokus riktades mot hur de egna levnadsvillkoren och upplevd möjlighet att själva påverka och prioritera sin hälsa bidrog till beslutet att avstå från mammografiscreening. Därefter utvidgades forskningsfrågan till att även omfatta hur kvinnor med bröstcancer såg på mammografiscreening. Den senare frågeställningen tog sin utgångspunkt i den osäkerhet som kvinnor utan bröstcancer, som hade avstått från mammografiscreening, hade kring hur deras beslut skulle kunna komma att påverka en framtida bröstcancerdiagnos. Det som håller ihop de båda forskningsfrågorna är ambitionen att få en fördjupad kunskap om och förståelse för kvinnors olika sätt att förhålla sig till hälsa och sjukdom i relation till välfärdsstatens hälsoambitioner, och där mammografiscreening utgör ett exempel på det. I avhandlingen framträder således både individuella och strukturella aspekter av beslutsprocessen, vilket har inneburit att såväl psykologiska som sociologiskt förankrade teorier och begrepp har använts i analysen för att kunna synliggöra bakomliggande faktorer på olika nivåer. <br/> I artikel I diskuteras betydelsen av sociala nätverk och socialt stöd för beslutet att avstå från mammografiscreening. Kvinnor som var ogifta, inte hade barn eller bodde ensamma var oftare icke-deltagare i mammografiscreening. Kvinnor som saknade tillgång till ett stabilt socialt nätverk och en bra möjlighet att få stöd med praktiska saker i vardagen, hade deltagit i mammografiscreening i något mindre utsträckning än övriga kvinnor. <br/> I artikel II fokuseras på beslutsprocessen att avstå från mammografiscreening. Det till synes frivilliga beslutet att avstå från mammografiscreening föregicks av ambivalenta resonemang kring värdet av undersökningen och kring eventuella konsekvenser beslutet att avstå skulle kunna leda till. I artikeln har det illustrerats med hjälp av begreppet korstryck, dvs. vad kvinnorna uppfattade att de borde göra (delta) och vad de gjorde (avstod). Det framkom att kvinnorna i flera avseenden kände sig ensamma och osäkra i sitt beslutstagande kring mammografiscreening och att samhällets stöd kring detta var obefintligt. <br/> I artikel III uppmärksammas levnadsvillkorens betydelse för beslutet att avstå från mammografiscreening. Det var en påtaglig samstämmighet kring hur den aktuella livssituationen beskrevs och hur kvinnorna uppfattade att de hade förutsättningar för att möta de utmaningar som ingår i beslutsprocessen kring mammografiscreening. Bland annat uppfattades risken för bröstcancer på olika sätt. I ett vidare sammanhang visar detta att ett hälsobeslut inte enbart handlar om tillgången till förebyggande- och hälsofrämjande insatser. Lika viktiga tycks levnadsvillkoren vara och i vilken omfattning det finns utrymme i vardagen att hantera ett insjuknande i en allvarlig och livshotande sjukdom. <br/> I artikel IV riktas uppmärksamheten mot hur synen på mammografiscreeningens värde förändrades efter ett besked om bröstcancer. Det var speciellt framträdande i samband med att kvinnorna åter kallades till mammografiscreening efter avslutad bröstcancerbehandling. Undersökningens värde hade delvis fått en ny innebörd, speciellt för kvinnor med intervallcancer. Risken för ny bröstcancer utgjorde ett hot för alla kvinnor i studien, medan de med intervallcancer dessutom behövde hantera osäkerheten att tumören inte hade upptäckts vid ordinarie mammografiscreening.<br/> Avhandlingens sammantagna resultat visar att kvinnor som är osäkra på om de ska delta i undersökningen eller inte blir lämnade ensamma med ett komplext och svårt beslut. Det blir tydligt att mammografiscreening inte enbart utgör en medicinsk hälsoundersökning. Beslutet att delta eller avstå handlade även om den egna livssituationen såväl som om egna och andras erfarenheter av mammografiscreening och bröstcancer. I grunden kan kvinnornas osäkerhet relateras till att mammografiscreening är en undersökning som handlar om liv och död och som kan uppfattas som ett risktagande oavsett om beslutet är att delta eller avstå. <br/> Att kvinnor känner sig lämnade med ett svårt och delvis motsägelsefullt beslut kring mammografiscreening, som ytterst handlar om den egna existensen, säger inte enbart något om deras erfarenheter av undersökningen eller deras livssituation. Det omfattar även en syn på välfärdsstatens hälsoambitioner som är viktig att förstå för att kunna utveckla ett bra stöd i samband med undersökningen. Denna avhandling visar hur hälsa och sjukdom har en central plats i människors vardagsliv, både i bemärkelsen att få vara frisk men även hur risken att drabbas av sjukdom hanteras på olika sätt beroende på omständigheter. Undersökningens ”dubbla syften” bidrar till att det uppstår ett s.k. korstryck mellan samhällets ambition att få tillräckligt många kvinnor att delta och på så vis sänka dödligheten i bröstcancer, samtidigt som de kvinnor som förväntas delta involverar personliga erfarenheter i beslutsprocessen. Det innebär att det finns en god anledning att anta att det inte är undersökningen i sig som kvinnorna avstår ifrån utan snarare de konsekvenser som är kopplade till den. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/448e5ad6-7227-4b6c-979b-162b43fe2054 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17876687/A_sa_R_M_hela_utan_omslag.pdf application/pdf 1815556 no Lund Dissertations in Social Work Lund University 2017 swe Kvinnors hälsa mammografiscreening beslutsprocess välfärdsstaten korstryck ambivalens socialt stöd levnadsvillkor tillit hälsostrategier socialt arbete inom hälso- och sjukvården Social Work 978-91-89604-56-8 244 2017-01-20T10:15:00+01:00 448e5ad6-7227-4b6c-979b-162b43fe2054 2016-12-06T14:13:29+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-06T14:13:29+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8259878a-7932-4e37-b240-41eb5f0f086f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Department of Physics, Lecture hall A, L317, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund 1 Behruz Bozorg author d4a425f6-2a1d-4017-8712-7f048ab423ba Henrik Jönsson supervisor 4dd6c7c2-d291-42b7-a671-5d8afa0e8f4e Research Director Christophe Godin opponent INRIA, Montpellier, France Computational Biology and Biological Physics v1000644 department Recent evidence has revealed the role of mechanical cues in the development of shapes in organisms. This thesis is an effort to test some of the fundamental hypotheses about the relation between mechanics and patterning in plants. To do this, we develop mechanical models designed to include specific features of plant cell walls. These are heterogeneous stiffness and material anisotropy as well as rates and directions of growth, which we then relate to different domains of the plant tissue.<br/>In plant cell walls, anisotropic fiber deposition is the main controller of longitudinal growth. In our model, this is achieved spontaneously, by applying feedback from the maximal stress direction to the fiber orientation. We show that a stress feedback model is in fact an energy minimization process. This can be considered as an evolutionary motivation for the emergence of a stress feedback mechanism. Then we add continuous growth and cell division to the model and employ the strain signal directing large growth deformations. We show the advantages of strain-based growth model for emergence of plant-like organ shapes as well as for reproducing microtubular dynamics in hypocotyls and roots. We also investigate possibilities for describing microtubular patterns, at root hair outgrowth sites according to stress patterns. Altogether, the work described in this thesis, provides a new improved growth model for plant tissue, where mechanical properties are handled with appropriate care in the event of growth driven by either molecular or mechanical signals. The model unifies the patterning process for several different plant tissues, from shoot to single root hair cells, where it correctly predict microtubular dynamics and growth patterns. In a long-term perspective, this understanding can propagate to novel technologies for improvement of yield in agriculture and the forest industry. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8259878a-7932-4e37-b240-41eb5f0f086f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/17878035/thesisBehruzBozorg.pdf application/pdf 20399495 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics 2016-06 eng plants morphodynamics mechanics anisotropy growth microtubules microfibrils Natural Sciences 978-91-7623-844-8 978-91-7623-845-5 175 2016-06-03T13:15:00+02:00 8259878a-7932-4e37-b240-41eb5f0f086f 2016-12-06T16:06:13+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-06T16:06:13+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2c81b8f9-b77e-4952-ae01-9e57bd2031ce 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Sara Hall author d922c323-be05-4f65-b6a9-2d98fdc069da Oskar Hansson supervisor 1594388d-fc7a-45f6-84f6-9b563509ade2 Håkan Widner supervisor 366090a2-2a24-47ff-8489-accfb8164ab9 Henrik Zetterberg supervisor e3c83eb9-ddf3-4d51-a788-5a2a71ab9c68 professor Per Svenningsson opponent Stockholm Neurology, Lund v1000451 department MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2c81b8f9-b77e-4952-ae01-9e57bd2031ce https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18419066/Saras_Hall_thesis.pdf application/pdf 1789333 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Parkinson's disease Atypical parkinsonism Cerebrospinal fluid Dementia Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-383-9 91 2017-01-13T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:2 2c81b8f9-b77e-4952-ae01-9e57bd2031ce 2016-12-19T10:51:27+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-12-19T10:51:27+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2724198a-285f-4c49-81e1-23cc6224f130 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Jesper Fritz author 543ac327-3367-4e24-8746-2bf0ee5b753b Magnus Karlsson supervisor 538675ac-1e73-4541-9ba4-7db80110b38e Björn Rosengren supervisor 424e5b7a-ffa1-4099-81f9-961d13669024 professor Mats Börjesson opponent Sahlgrenska Akademin, Göteborg Orthopedics v1000532 department Orthopedics research group Frakturer är ett stort och dessutom ökande samhällsproblem. Genom att stärka skelettet och muskulaturen kan risken för frakturer minskas. Hög fysisk aktivitet är associerad med hög benmassa, gynnsam skelettstruktur, god muskelfunktion och låg risk att drabbas av frakturer. Fysisk aktivitet skulle därför kunna vara en möjlig strategi för att minska antalet frakturer i samhället. Tidigare forskning har visat att den bästa perioden i livet att påverka sitt skelett genom fysisk aktivitet är pre- och peri-pubertalt. Tidigare studier är dock korta, innefattar små kohorter och baseras främst på inklusion av frivilliga idrottsintresserade barn. Detta gör det svårt att uttala sig om eventuella långtidseffekter samt populationsbaserade effekter, båda viktiga sett ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Skall fysisk aktivitet kunna användas så effektivt som möjligt som frakturprofylax bör den inkludera så många barn som möjligt, helst alla i befolkningen, och ge effekter även vid en träningsnivå som alla barn klarar av att genomföra. Det finns utöver detta även studier som antyder att ökad fysisk aktivitet är associerad med förbättrade kognitiva funktioner, såsom minne och inlärning. Därigenom skulle även akademiska skolresultat kunna påverkas. Detta är av stort intresse eftersom skolresultaten i svensk grundskola, enligt den återkommande PISA-rapporten, de senaste decennierna försämrats. Detta gäller både betyg och andel barn som blir behöriga till gymnasial utbildning. Ökad skolidrott skulle således kunna vara ett sätt att vända denna trend. <br/>Mot denna bakgrund startades Bunkefloprojektet (på engelska förkortad till POP-study), en populationsbaserad prospektiv kontrollerad interventionsstudie som innefattar barn från fyra grundskolor i sydvästra Malmö. En av skolorna utökade ämnet idrott och hälsa från 60 min/vecka till 200 min/vecka (40 min/skoldag). Denna skola fungerade som interventionsskola. Resterande tre skolor fortsatte med 60 min/vecka idrottsundervisning (svensk standard) och fungerade då som kontrollskolor. Vi inkluderade alla 3 534 barn (6–9 år gamla) som började årskurs 1 i någon av dessa skolor år 1998 till 2012 och följde dem i 7 år avseende frakturer. De 264 barn som började år 1998 till 2000 erbjöds vara med i en utökad del av studien där vi följde utveckling av skelett, muskelstyrka och livsstilsfaktorer genom årliga mätningar. För att utvärdera akademiska skolresultat inkluderades alla individer som slutat årskurs 9 år 2003 till 2012 i interventionsskolan. Vi använde även Skolverkets statistikdatabas (Siris) för att inkludera alla individer som slutat årskurs 9 år 2003 till 2012 i hela Sverige som akademisk kontrollgrupp. På detta sätt kunde vi jämföra skolresultaten mellan och inom skolorna före interventionen (skolslut 2003 till 2006) och efter interventionens införande (skolslut 2007 till 2012).<br/>Barnen i interventionsskolan hade jämfört med barnen i kontrollskolorna ökad frakturrisk under det första året efter påbörjad intervention, varefter den relativa frakturrisken sjönk för varje år som interventionen pågick. Vi såg även att flickorna i interventionsgruppen hade förbättrad utveckling av skelettet, i form av ökad benmassa och förändrad struktur jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Någon sådan effekt kunde inte registreras bland pojkarna. Både flickor och pojkar i interventionsgruppen hade förbättrad utveckling av muskelstyrkan jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Pojkarna med extra skolidrott förbättrade sina slutbetyg i nionde klass samt i denna grupp minskade även andelen individer som inte klarade behörighetskraven till gymnasial utbildning. Hos flickorna kunde inga akademiska gynnsamma effekter registreras bland dem med daglig fysisk aktivitet under grundskoleåren.<br/>Ökad skolidrott förefaller således vara en strategi som kan minska den relativa risken för fraktur, förbättra utvecklingen av skelett och muskelstyrka samt öka de akademiska skolprestationerna. Det finns stöd från andra studier att en sådan utveckling i ungdomen kan leda till starkare skelett och bättre muskulatur och därigenom färre frakturer även i vuxenlivet och ålderdomen. Detta gör att vi nu har starkt vetenskapligt underlag att rekommendera daglig idrott i grundskolan för alla barn.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2724198a-285f-4c49-81e1-23cc6224f130 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18420094/Thesis_JF_161129_public.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 5159857 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng fysisk aktivitet barn Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-384-6 85 2017-01-13T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:3 2724198a-285f-4c49-81e1-23cc6224f130 2016-12-19T12:54:27+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-12-19T12:54:27+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:af58233b-f1b6-467a-a107-abed5ef20f9d 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, BMC, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Leif Pierre author bd522e2c-ddfa-4646-8a29-240d7687aa4f Richard Ingemansson supervisor d1ee028b-8824-4ec6-be81-a0f4a9af4d92 Bansi Koul supervisor c36b7c1d-184e-42eb-9eef-a0e682287438 docent Peter Svenarud opponent Stockholm Thoracic Surgery v1000439 department DCD transplantation of lungs v1000993 department DCD transplantation of lungs research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/af58233b-f1b6-467a-a107-abed5ef20f9d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18420329/Kappa_Leif1_GWE.pdf application/pdf 1930400 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-381-5 2016-12-15T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:153 af58233b-f1b6-467a-a107-abed5ef20f9d 2016-12-19T13:08:39+01:00 2025-10-21T11:05:17Z 2016-12-19T13:08:39+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7e6ea2d6-a766-454b-9737-3d95c2d9bfd9 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, MFC, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Ali Mohammad Bagher author 5bbd2eae-c43a-440d-9419-0f847c35aacb Stefan Acosta supervisor 3c7913bd-3508-460f-a091-8defb00eefe6 Carl Johan Wingren supervisor cdc7e2d1-a7e4-4a1f-86a8-85487f1397ab Sakarias Wangefjord supervisor 92dfa871-1c04-42e4-a17c-60ded636d69c docent Louis Riddez opponent Stockholm Surgery v1000516 department Surgery research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7e6ea2d6-a766-454b-9737-3d95c2d9bfd9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18422806/Ali_Bag_hela_avh_G5_20161110.pdf application/pdf 8127377 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Trauma Socioeconomy prehospital akutsjukvård Rättsmedicin Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-391-4 97 2017-02-02T09:30:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:10 7e6ea2d6-a766-454b-9737-3d95c2d9bfd9 2016-12-19T14:33:42+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2016-12-19T14:33:42+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4b2fc76c-4e1e-408a-a715-8d147dcb37d9 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Faculty of Engineering, MA3 1 Patrik Karlsson author 5505d053-1986-4508-8957-92bf23cca59a Birger Nilsson supervisor 95eb15c6-4575-4c54-a929-0600855dc0f1 Professor Kristian Miltersen opponent Copenhagen Business School Department of Economics v1000029 department This thesis contributes to the quantitative finance literature and consists of four research papers.<br/><br/>Paper 1. This paper constructs a hybrid commodity interest rate market model with a stochastic local volatility function that allows the model to simultaneously fit the implied volatility of commodity and interest rate options. Because liquid market prices are only available for options on commodity futures (not forwards), a convexity correction formula is derived to account for the difference between forward and futures prices. A procedure for efficiently calibrating the model to interest rate and commodity volatility smiles is constructed. Finally, the model is fitted to an exogenously given cross-correlation structure between forward interest rates and commodity prices. When calibrating to options on forwards (rather than futures), the fitting of cross-correlation preserves the (separate) calibration in the two markets (interest rate and commodity options), whereas in the case of futures, a (rapidly converging) iterative fitting procedure is presented. The cross-correlation fitting is reduced to finding an optimal rotation of volatility vectors, which is shown to be an appropriately modified version of the “orthonormal Procrustes” problem. The calibration approach is demonstrated on market data for oil futures.<br/><br/>Paper 2. This paper describes an efficient American Monte Carlo approach for pricing Bermudan swaptions in the LIBOR market model using the Stochastic Grid Bundling Method (SGBM) which is a regression-based Monte Carlo method in which the continuation value is projected onto a space in which the distribution is known. We demonstrate an algorithm to obtain accurate and tight lower–upper bound values without the need for the nested Monte Carlo simulations that are generally required for regression-based methods.<br/><br/>Paper 3. The credit valuation adjustment (CVA) for over-the-counter derivatives are computed using the portfolio’s exposure over its lifetime. Usually, future exposure is approximated by Monte Carlo simulations. For derivatives that lack an analytical approximation for their mark-to-market (MtM) value, such as Bermudan swaptions, the standard practice is to use the regression functions from the least squares Monte Carlo method to approximate their simulated MtMs. However, such approximations have significant bias and noise, resulting in an inaccurate CVA charge. This paper extend the SGBM to efficiently compute expected exposure, potential future exposure, and CVA for Bermudan swaptions. A novel contribution of the paper is that it demonstrates how different measures, such as spot and terminal measures, can simultaneously be employed in the SGBM framework to significantly reduce the variance and bias.<br/><br/>Paper 4. This paper presents an algorithm for simulation of options on Lévy driven assets. The simulation is performed on the inverse transition matrix of a discretised partial differential equation. We demonstrate how one can obtain accurate option prices and deltas on the variance gamma (VG) and CGMY model through finite element-based Monte Carlo simulations. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4b2fc76c-4e1e-408a-a715-8d147dcb37d9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/20917315/patrik.pdf application/pdf 1347785 no 2016-12-19 eng credit valuation adjustment (CVA) derivative pricing interest rate derivatives Monte Carlo simulation Probability Theory and Statistics Economics 978-91-7753-060-2 978-91-7753-061-9 150 2017-02-23T14:15:00+01:00 4b2fc76c-4e1e-408a-a715-8d147dcb37d9 2016-12-19T15:58:56+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-19T15:58:56+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e3ad41ef-2c64-4bba-9786-4632595da24f 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal 2, Centralblocket, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Yiyi Xu author 75d8e49d-5022-4157-b592-75bd80c671f8 Maria Albin supervisor a3ec3e39-5271-4028-a362-d340b407bf1e Karin Broberg Palmgren supervisor ce93bfc9-d4a4-404c-a658-103bd9d4427f Anders Gudmundsson supervisor 2c9bac7b-9f90-4b91-b587-ea589ad00417 docent Jakob Hjort Bønløkke opponent Århus Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Environmental health and occupational health v1001096 department Environmental health and occupational health research group Particle, especially fine and ultrafine particle exposure has been linked to lower airway infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease, stroke and cancer. The underlying mechanisms are under active investigation, and are still not fully understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response and genotoxicity.Different biomarkers have been developed to investigate the mechanisms. This thesis includes exposure to fine and ultrafine particles from three different exposure sources: diesel exhaust, asphalt fumes and welding fumes. The main aim is to investigate adverse health effects<br/>caused by airborne fine and ultrafine particle exposure, and to analyze biomarkers that are hypothesized to be in the causal pathway from exposure to pulmonary and cardiovascular disease.<br/>The thesis is based on three studies (four papers): i) a human experimental exposure study with 18 volunteers; ii) a field study with 167 asphalt workers and 100 controls; iii) a field study with 101 welders and 127 controls. We investigated airway symptoms and lung function as health outcomes,<br/>and measured different biomarkers: cytokines (as biomarkers for inflammatory response), mitochondrial DNA copy number (as biomarker for oxidative stress) and telomere length (as biomarker for genotoxicity) to explore mechanisms.<br/>The exposure levels in our studies were lower than the current occupational exposure limits. However, we still found exposure related eyes and airway irritation and transient decrease in lung function. Changes in cytokines after exposures were not statistically clear, but may indicate a mild inflammatory response. Higher mitochondrial DNA copy number together with lower methylation suggests possible exposure related oxidative stress. No difference in telomere length was found between exposure groups and controls, but telomere length was positively associated with PAH metabolites, indicating more PAH exposure was associated with longer telomere length.<br/>This thesis shows health effects and change of biomarkers under low to moderate exposure to particles. Although the effects seem to be in the compensatory stage, reconsideration is still called for regarding current occupational exposure limits. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e3ad41ef-2c64-4bba-9786-4632595da24f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18130831/Paper_1.pdf application/pdf 224716 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18130833/e_nailing_version_Yiyi.pdf application/pdf 16048619 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng particulate matter Occupational Exposure : adverse effects mitochondrial dna telomere length 978-91-7619-386-0 72 2017-01-13T12:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:5 e3ad41ef-2c64-4bba-9786-4632595da24f 2016-12-12T15:04:15+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:22Z 2016-12-12T15:04:15+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:37441d98-3f67-4c68-b8f6-02fae54e66cf 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmark lecture hall, Lund Observatory, Sölvegatan 27, Lund 1 Christian Bierlich author bea6a8cb-724f-45b0-a53e-cd83a0056ac9 Leif Lönnblad supervisor 1ffe74e8-de4c-4273-aea4-483543198099 Torbjörn Sjöstrand supervisor 28fe83e2-8a83-4c93-b1fc-e32a887163f9 Professor Klaus Werner opponent Université de Nantes, France Theoretical Particle Physics v1000645 department This thesis concerns models of high energy collisions of sub-atomic particles, and the models’ implementation in numerical simulations; so–called Monte Carlo event generators. The models put forth in the thesis improves the description of soft collisions of protons, and takes the first steps towards a new, microscopic description of collectivity in proton collisions and collisions of heavy nuclei such as lead.<br/>Paper I. The Lund string hadronization model is reviewed, and a model for corrections in busy environments, such as pp minimum bias, are introduced, and its implementation in the event generator DIPSY is described. The model affects the hadrochemistry of the underlying event, and improves description of existing pp data from LHC and RHIC.<br/>Paper II. A series of new observables sensitive to effects from rope hadronization is introduced, and predictions of the rope hadronization model is compared to predictions from a similar model based on junction formation.<br/>Paper III. The Glauber formalism for collisions of nuclei is reviewed, and contributions from diffraction are considered. The Glauber–Gribov formalism for colour fluctuations is compared to the DIPSY model. On the basis of this comparision, corrections to the Glauber–Gribov parametrization of the pp cross section are suggested.<br/>This corrected formalism is then coupled to a particle production model, and preliminary descriptions of particle production in pA is given.<br/>Paper IV. A model for string–shoving, expanding on the model from Paper I, is introduced at the proof–of–concept level. It is shown that the model qualitatively produces a rise of mean-p ⊥ with hadron mass and long range azimuthal correlations in pp collisions. Et af de mest interessante spørgsmål en fysiker kan forsøge at svare på er hvad består tingene af?. Et hus kan skilles ad i mursten, og murstenen kan også skilles ad i sine bestanddele.<br/>Sådan kan man fortsætte indtil man bare har atomer tilbage. Atomerne kan skilles ad i<br/>elektroner og en atomkerne der består af neutroner og protoner. Elektronen er, så vidt vi<br/>ved, fundamental, og kan ikke skilles ad. Neutroner og protoner består af kvarker, holdt<br/>sammen af den stærke kernekraft, der overføres ved at gluoner sendes mellem kvarkerne.<br/>Den stærke kernekraft er både meget stærk og meget speciel. Hvis man havde en snor så stærk som den stærke kernekraft, den kunne holde en elefant oppe uden at knække. Den er speciel fordi kvarker og gluoner ikke opfører sig som andre partikler vi kender. Man kan for eksempel ikke fjerne en kvark eller en gluon fra protonen og inspicere den alene. Hiver man hårdt nok i protonen for at skille den ad, vil den skilles ad i flere protoner, og ikke flere kvarker. Her er billedet med elefanten i snoren godt som forklaring. Hvis vores elefant var for tung, og snoren knækkede, ville vi heller ikke stå med to snor-ender i hånden – vi ville slet og ret stå med to (mindre) snore.<br/>Der findes en teori der beskriver den stærke kernekraft. Den hedder kvantekromodynamik, og med den i hånden kan man regne på hvad der sker når man støder atomkerner sammen med hastigheder tæt på lysets. Dette gør man blandt andet ved det store eksperiment LHC ved CERN i Frankrig og Schweiz, hvor både de mindste atomkerner stødes sammen – det er brintkerner, der bare består af en enkelt proton – såvel som bly, der består af 208 protoner og neutroner. Vi mener i dag at vide, at kvantekromodynamik er den korrekte teori for den stærke kernekraft. Vores metoder til at regne på teorien er udviklet gennem sidste halvdel af det 20. århundrede, men er stadig ikke så gode som vi kunne ønske os. Vi kan regne på teorien i flere forskellige tilnærmelser. Nogle tilnærmelser er effektive når man skal regne ud hvad protoner eller neutroners masse er, andre er effektive når man skal regne ud hvor sandsynligt det er at få en higgspartikel fra et sammenstød ved en bestemt energi.<br/>I denne afhandling anvendes og udvikles der tilnærmelser der er effektive til at beskrive<br/>sammenstød mellem protoner der involverer mange kvarker og gluoner. En ”beskrivelse” af sammenstødet betyder i denne sammenhæng at kunne regne ud hvilke partikler man efterfølgende kan se hvor i detektoren.<br/>I denne afhandling benyttes især tilnærmelser baseret på den snor-analogi for protoner, der blev introduceret i eksemplet med elefanten. Det viser sig at man opnår en god beskrivelse af sammenstød med få kvarker og gluoner ved at regne på dem som om en snor forbinder alle kvarkerne og gluonerne i sammenstødet. I sammenstød med mange kvarker og gluoner vil snorene blive ”filtret sammen” og danne tykke reb. Det viser sig at have store konsekvenser for hvilke partikler man ser i detektoren. I sammenstød hvor der dannes tykke reb, får man for eksempel væsentligt flere partikler med kvarker af typen strange i sig. <br/><br/>Modellerne er ikke nogle man kan regne særligt langt på med papir og blyant. Efter modellerne er skrevet ned, er de implementeret i computerprogrammer der så bruges til at simulere sammenstød. Programmerne anvendt og udviklet i denne afhandling er udviklet i Lund og hedder DIPSY , ARIADNE , PYTHIA 8 og FritiofP8. Programmerne finder anvendelsefor fysikere verden over, der ønsker præcis viden om partikelsammenstød. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/37441d98-3f67-4c68-b8f6-02fae54e66cf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18474576/thesis.pdf application/pdf 1977812 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics 2016-12 eng QCD Phenomenology Hadronization Heavy ion collisions Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Bierlich Subatomic Physics 978-91-7753-148-7 978-91-7753-149-4 209 2017-01-27T09:15:00+01:00 37441d98-3f67-4c68-b8f6-02fae54e66cf 2016-12-20T11:43:33+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-20T11:43:33+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6ccb43cf-210b-4b2f-88b1-79dfff44630e 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmarkssalen, Astronomihuset, Sölvegatan, Lund. 1 Eva Ekman author 127bf0fe-1cfb-49dc-bcb9-1cb77dba6236 Christian Lindh supervisor 36688f6b-5235-4a4f-bab4-ac376abf3db6 Bo A Jönsson supervisor 659101c2-29ef-4b89-ad8f-cd5773e6635e Margareta Littorin supervisor 48d931b1-a65a-4b1b-8ea9-f5ccaf778821 Karin Broberg Palmgren supervisor ce93bfc9-d4a4-404c-a658-103bd9d4427f senior forskare Line Småstuen Haug opponent Oslo Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Almost every human is exposed to pesticides, in work environments, by domestic use and via diet, drinking water and personal products. Current research expresses concern that low dose exposure over time can lead to adverse health effects. It is therefore important to biomonitor exposure to pesticides in different groups, especially vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. However, there is a general lack of validated bioanalytical methods in order to generate reliable biomonitoring data for the quantification of exposure biomarkers to pesticides. The present thesis describes efforts directed at addressing this shortage.<br/>Three new high throughput LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) methods were developed and validated for the quantification of the exposure biomarkers for ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs): ethylenethiourea (ETU); thiabendazole (TBZ): 5-hydroxythiabendazole (5-OH-TBZ) and pyrimethanil (PYR): 4-hydroxypyrimethanil (OH-PYR). Human experimental studies, where two volunteers were orally and dermally exposed,<br/>were conducted to confirm that these three biomarkers are metabolites of their parent compounds. For ETU, however, only dermal exposure was studied. In these studies, also basic pharmacokinetics were determined. In an epidemiological cohort study of 445 pregnant women living close to banana plantations in Costa Rica, the LC-MS/MS method for ETU and a modified version of the combined methods for 5-OH-TBZ and OH-PYR were applied to assess exposure to EBDCs, TBZ, PYR and chlorpyrifos, pesticides used on the plantations. Commonly used pyrethroids and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were also assessed. Exposure to TBZ and PYR had not been studied earlier in pregnant women or other human populations. The LC-MS/MS methods were selective and had excellent sensitivity; the limit of detection was ≤0.2 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy were also excellent; the coefficient of variation was ≤15%. In all the experimental studies, the exposure biomarkers ETU, 5-OH-TBZ and OH-PYR were excreted in urine as conjugates. In the dermal exposure experiments, the urinary elimination half-life (t½) was a few days for ETU and hours for 5-OH-TBZ and OH-PYR. In the oral exposure experiments, the t½ was a few hours both for 5-OH-TBZ and OH-PYR. The exposure biomarkers of TBZ and PYR were determined in hundreds of samples from a general Swedish population; half of them had levels of 5-OH-TBZ and of OH-PYR above the limit of detection. In 909 urine samples repeatedly collected from the 445 pregnant women, ETU was detected in 100%, 5-OH-TBZ in 65% and OH-PYR in 87% of the samples. The concentrations of ETU seem comparable to levels in Italian agricultural workers. Further, the other pesticide exposure biomarkers were detected in almost all the samples. The pregnant women working at the banana plantations were significantly more exposed to TBZ and EBDCs than the nonworking pregnant women in the cohort and, in addition, the exposure to chlorpyrifos was slightly higher among the working women.<br/>In conclusion, the developed LC-MS/MS methods can be used in biomonitoring of EBDCs, TBZ and PYR in large exposure studies of general populations. The metabolites ETU, 5-OH-TBZ and OH-PYR were confirmed to be reliable urinary<br/>exposure biomarkers after dermal and oral exposure. Hydrolysis to release the analyte from the conjugate in urine is essential in the LC-MS/MS methods. Some new pharmacokinetic information on ETU, TBZ and PYR were obtained from exposure experiments in two volunteers. Because of the short t½ of the biomarkers, repeated sampling is recommended in exposure assessments. The exposure to pesticides in pregnant women in Costa Rica is of great concern. Idag används årligen över 2 miljoner ton bekämpningsmedel (BM) i världen. Av<br/>dessa står Sverige för drygt 9000 ton, eller knappt en halv procent. Den här<br/>avhandlingen handlar om att ta fram metoder för att bestämma rester av vissa<br/>bekämpningsmedel i kroppsvätskor (urin) hos människor och sedan använda<br/>metoderna för att mäta exponering för bekämpningsmedlen i en befolkningsgrupp. Arbetet är en del av forskningen inom detta område på Avdelningen för Arbets- och miljömedicin vid Lunds universitet.<br/>I avhandlingen behandlas svampmedlena mankozeb, tiabendazol och pyrimetanil,<br/>insektsmedlen klorpyrifos och gruppen pyretroider samt ogräsmedlet 2,4-<br/>diklorfenoxi-ättiksyra. Alla används som växtskyddsmedel, pyretroiderna också<br/>som biocider för att skydda människor och byggnader mot t.ex. mygg eller löss.<br/>Även om BM är framtagna för att verka mer eller mindre specifikt mot<br/>skadegörare är de oftast också giftiga (toxiska) för människor. Exponering för BM<br/>kan leda till akuta besvär och olika kroniska sjukdomar. Hanteringen av BM är<br/>därför reglerad med bland annat olika typer av gränsvärden. Ett exempel på<br/>gränsvärde är ADI (acceptable daily intake) ”den mängd en person kan få i sig<br/>varje dag under en hel livstid utan att hälsan påverkas”.<br/>För att kunna koppla en exponering för BM till en hälsoeffekt måste<br/>exponeringsdata vara tillförlitliga. I avhandlingen har metoder för bestämning av<br/>exponeringsbiomarkörer tagits fram. Dessa exponeringsbiomarkörer är metaboliter dvs. biologiska nedbrytningsprodukter av bekämpningsmedlen. För att mäta koncentrationen av en specifik biomarkör i urinen användes analystekniken vätskekromatografi med masspektrometrisk detektion (LC-MS/MS). Eftersom bra analysmetoder saknades har tre nya LC-MS/MS metoder utvecklats eller förfinats för att mäta exponering för mankozeb, tiabendazol och pyrimetanil. Metoderna validerades – dvs. kontrollerades med tester så att analysresultaten är pålitliga och genom att testa respektive exponeringsbiomarkörs pålitlighet. Genom att två försökspersoner fick en låg dos (25-100% av ADI-värdet) av bekämpningsmedelet på huden eller oralt kunde det fastställas att biomarkören i urinprovet verkligen härstammade från bekämpningsmedlet.<br/>Resultaten visade att BM togs upp både genom huden och magtarmkanalen för att<br/>sedan utsöndras bl a i urinen. Resultaten visade också att utsöndringen till urinen<br/>tog olika lång tid för de tre nämnda ämnena (timmar till dag/ar/). Det är intressant eftersom kort utsöndringstid kräver upprepade mätningar för att en god uppfattning om exponeringen ska erhållas. 5-OH-TBZ och OH-PYR kunde också påvisas i hälften av hundratals urinprov från den sydsvenska allmänbefolkningen.<br/>Sättet att använda BM på påverkar hur det sprids i miljön och därmed hur vi<br/>människor exponeras. Vissa, exempelvis jordbruksarbetare, kan exponeras i<br/>arbetsmiljön. Allmänheten exponeras i sin hemmiljö via maten men också genom<br/>egen användning av ogräs- och insektsmedel. Människor som lever i områden där<br/>BM används, kan exponeras indirekt, t ex genom drift av BM med luften.<br/>Exponeringsförhållandena motiverar undersökning av halter av BM-rester i olika<br/>befolkningsgrupper, särskilt i känsliga grupper som gravida kvinnor och deras<br/>foster. Avhandlingen syftar till att bidra till ökad kunskap inom området.<br/>Inom avhandlingen mättes också totalt 8 exponeringsbiomarkörer av BM i 900<br/>urinprov från 445 gravida kvinnor boende nära bananplantager i Costa Rica. I<br/>proverna detekterades ETU i 100%, 5-OH-TBZ i 64% och OH-PYR i 87%.<br/>Övriga exponeringsbiomarkörer hittades i stort sett i alla prov och värdena var i<br/>nivå med vad som hittats hos gravida kvinnor i varierande miljöer världen över.<br/>ETU-halterna var nära halterna hos italienska jordbruksarbetare. 5-OH-TBZ och<br/>OH-PYR har inte tidigare uppmätts i en befolkningsgrupp. Några gravida kvinnor<br/>i studien arbetade på bananplantagerna med att packa bananer; de hade signifikant högre halter av biomarkören för tiabendazol jämfört med de som inte arbetade. De hade också högre halter av exponeringsbiomarkörerna för mankozeb och klorpyrifos. BM-exponeringen för de gravida kvinnorna är oroande och understryker vikten av att utföra tillförlitliga exponeringsmätningar – som också ska leda till lämpliga åtgärder att minska exponeringen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6ccb43cf-210b-4b2f-88b1-79dfff44630e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18475482/Avhandling.pdf application/pdf 5168984 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Biomarker Mass Spectrometry Pharmacokinetics Exposure assessment Peticides Pregnant Women Biomonitoring Urine LC-MS/MS Biomarker Mass Spectrometry Pharmacokinetics Exposure assessment Peticides Pregnant Women Biomonitoring Urine LC-MS/MS Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-382-2 71 2017-01-12T09:15:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:1 6ccb43cf-210b-4b2f-88b1-79dfff44630e 2016-12-20T12:55:46+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2016-12-20T12:55:46+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ea0ebb7c-1891-4e74-a73b-a66b7cf29b6c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Linnea Rading author b5b919db-26b4-48a9-898e-54b3a413bf9c Per Johnsson supervisor 23f1779b-140b-4ba7-a410-2ffe67e341e2 Anne L'Huillier supervisor 266ecd6e-b257-4a8e-988f-8d232b31abb3 Professor Francesca Calegari opponent University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Atomic Physics v1000622 department Short and intense XUV pulses are important tools to study ultrafast dynamics and non-linear processes in matter. These pulses can be generated by free electron lasers (FELs) or by high-order harmonic generation (HHG), which are two complementary techniques. The advantage of HHG is the possibility to generate pulses with durations on the attosecond timescale, but the low conversion efficiency of the process makes it difficult to achieve pulses sufficiently intense for non-linear ionization. <br/><br/>In HHG an infrared (IR) laser pulse is focused into a gas and new, higher frequencies in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) regime are generated. To achieve intense XUV light, many photons must be generated and subsequently focused tightly in the experiment. This thesis describes the build-up of the Intense XUV Beamline in Lund and development of spectrometers used to study the charged fragments resulting from the non-linear ionization. <br/><br/>An energetic and low repetition rate laser is used, and by focusing the pulse using a long focal length lens, the optimum intensity for HHG can be achieved in a large volume of gas. The XUV beam is tightly focused in the experiment using a short focal length mirror. Due to the low repetition rate in the experiment, a spectrometer that can record many events per shot was designed and constructed. The spectrometer is a double sided velocity map imaging spectrometer (DVMIS) that can record electrons and ions simultaneously. By using covariance techniques, correlations between fragments can be retrieved. <br/><br/>The XUV pulses generated in the beamline are sufficiently intense to induce non-linear effects in matter and have been used to study two-photon double ionization of neon. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ea0ebb7c-1891-4e74-a73b-a66b7cf29b6c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19401459/Rading_Dissertation_2017_final.pdf application/pdf 17381578 no 2016 eng High-order Harmonic Generation Intense XUV pulses Velocity map imaging spectrometer Fysicumarkivet A:2017:Rading Natural Sciences Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7753-088-6 978-91-7753-089-3 146 2017-01-27T09:15:00+01:00 ea0ebb7c-1891-4e74-a73b-a66b7cf29b6c 2016-12-20T13:12:18+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-20T13:12:18+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f2dbb8b3-db72-4253-b05a-abc9ce030e6b 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Olof Olsson author 9cc9dca5-512b-4dc6-a587-2c53979f43d9 Kristofer Rubin supervisor f25ea91a-4247-43f5-a95b-cf4f75396c8c Sebastian Kalamajski supervisor 4e3f8b17-35de-4f3a-b042-e4f3f2ba12c5 Kristian Pietras supervisor professor Stefan Johansson opponent Uppsala University, Sweden Division of Translational Cancer Research v1000559 department The cancer microenvironment has been attracting increasing attention as the realization of its importance for both disease treatment and malignant progression. Here the aim was to elucidate some of the effects and mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment related to the extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that collagen fibril assembly is an instrumental component in the formation of the barriers for transport of small molecules into carcinoma that have been seen in the treatment of carcinoma. To investigate this hypothesis we have utilized human xenograft and syngeneic generated tumors in mice, cellular and biochemical analyses. We found that fluid flow through carcinoma interstitium can be increased through STI571 treatment, and that this flow corresponds with a decreasing collagen fibril diameter. Additionally STI571 was found to increase blood flow and tumor oxygenation in a manner that correlates to matrix composition. Collagen fibril diameter was decreased via inhibition of the TGF-β activating integrin αvβ6 which corresponded to a clear trend toward a decreased interstitial fluid pressure, in all but the most fibrotic tumors. This illustrates the diversity of actable agents involved in stromal change. It points to a central role of collagen in the maintenance and regulation of fluid and solute exchange in tumors. Based on these results it may be possible to beneficially augment tumor treatment by altering one or more of the regulatory elements in the stroma of carcinoma. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f2dbb8b3-db72-4253-b05a-abc9ce030e6b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/34206051/e_spik_olof_olsson_avhandling_kappa.pdf application/pdf 2231869 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017 eng Collagen, Extra Cellular Matrix. TGF-beta, integrin αvβ6 Cell and Molecular Biology 978-91-7619-390-7 78 2017-01-20T13:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:9 f2dbb8b3-db72-4253-b05a-abc9ce030e6b 2016-12-21T16:25:17+01:00 2025-10-21T11:04:23Z 2016-12-21T16:25:17+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d195a477-c1e7-4237-9edf-fc03532eba2e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall V:C, building V, John Ericssons väg 1, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund 1 Ola Flodén author 2ee6c77f-b029-4bb5-9314-fd91f302f7b2 Kent Persson supervisor c59dee5c-adcf-459f-9ff3-ece4521edefe Göran Sandberg supervisor 083f8f15-9e38-4c9d-92e4-9fdb6d4541ae Professor Frank Ihlenburg opponent University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany Structural Mechanics v1000228 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Ljud från grannar är ett återkommande problem för boende i flerfamiljshus. Problemen är generellt mer omfattande för de som bor i flervåningshus byggda i trä, en byggnadstyp som blir allt vanligare i Sverige. Många av de boende i trähus upplever även att störande vibrationer är vanligt förekommande i trähus. För att designa byggnader med förbättrad boendemiljö avseende ljud och vibrationer behövs metoder för att prediktera spridningen mellan rum och våningsplan. I avhandlingen presenteras forskning som bidrar till att utveckla datormodeller för sådana prediktioner.<br/><br/>Fram till 1994 var det förbjudet att bygga flervåningshus i trä i Sverige. Sedan förbudet avskaffades har de blivit allt vanligare och står idag för 10-15% av den totala nybyggnationen av flerfamiljshus i Sverige. En stor andel av trähusen tillverkas genom att prefabricera volymelement i fabriker. Volymelementen transporteras sedan till byggarbetsplatser där de staplas för att bilda flervåningshus. Detta leder till en snabb och kostnadseffektiv byggprocess som är möjlig tack vare trähusens låga vikt. Det finns flera miljömässiga fördelar med att bygga i trä, exempelvis att den låga vikten leder till minskad bränsleförbrukning vid transporter och att koldioxid lagras i byggnaderna. För att byggandet i trä ska öka på lång sikt är det viktigt att boendemiljön i trähus anses vara tillfredsställande. En del i att uppnå det är att minska risken för störande ljud och vibrationer.<br/><br/>I tidigare studier har det undersökt hur boende i olika typer av byggnader uppfattar ljud och vibrationer som orsakas av olika typer av källor. Studierna har visat att boende i trähus ofta störs av ljud som orsakas av stötar mot golv i grannlägenheter, exempelvis fotsteg. För boende i konventionella betonghus är sådana problem inte lika vanligt förekommande. I nyproducerade flervåningshus i trä används ofta gummikomponenter för att minska överföringen av ljud och vibrationer mellan lägenheter. Dock saknas det kunskap om hur gummikomponenterna bör designas för att verka optimalt. För att öka kunskapen är det till stor nytta att datormodeller som kan generera korrekta prediktioner är tillgängliga. Med hjälp av datormodeller kan gummikomponenternas reducerande effekt optimeras och andra typer av ljud- och vibrationsisolerande åtgärder kan utvecklas. Alternativet till datormodeller är att bygga experimentella prototyper, vilket är såväl dyrt som tidskrävande. Genom att använda datormodeller kan studier utföras både tids- och kostnadseffektivt. Tidsaspekten är viktig för att möjliggöra simuleringar inom tidsramen för en konventionell designprocess.<br/><br/>Forskningen som presenteras i avhandlingen bidrar till att utveckla tidseffektiva datormodeller som kan användas till att generera korrekta prediktioner. Noggrannheten i prediktioner utvecklas genom att korrelera simulerade resultat mot mätningar på experimentella byggnadsstrukturer. Tidsåtgången för beräkningar minskas genom att använda metoder för att reducera storleken på datormodeller. Målet med modellreduktion är att minska beräkningstiden utan att göra avkall på noggrannheten i prediktioner.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d195a477-c1e7-4237-9edf-fc03532eba2e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18563877/web1028.pdf application/pdf 28809136 no Structural Mechanics, Lund University 2016-12-22 eng vibration transmission structure-borne sound wood buildings numerical modelling finite element method structure-acoustic coupling model validation model calibration dynamic substructuring model order reduction Building Technologies 978-91-7753-082-4 978-91-7753-083-1 180 2017-01-20T10:15:00+01:00 d195a477-c1e7-4237-9edf-fc03532eba2e 2016-12-22T18:25:09+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-22T18:25:09+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a928f14b-713c-4a42-bd02-a48756e3b16f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Per Davidson author adef9f60-b02d-43d5-9a0d-38365804ae92 Ingegerd Carlsson supervisor f7aae11d-1837-41e1-bf5e-a9fd9e7d22fd Peter Jönsson supervisor Assistant Professor Edward Pace-Schott opponent Harvard Medical School Department of Psychology v1000681 department The aim of this thesis was to examine the effect of sleep on emotional memories. The first two studies examined the role of sleep in the generalization of fear learning and the third study examined how sleep affected the forgetting of unwanted emotional memories.<br/><br/>In study 1, participants first underwent fear conditioning with a small and a large circle as the CS+ and the CS-. Next, after either a nap or an equal amount of time spent awake, participants viewed these two circles again, as well as eight novel circles that gradually varied in size in-between the former two. The results showed that fear conditioning was successful and that that there was a tendency towards the larger responses to the CS+ as compared to the CS- having been preserved during the delay interval but that there was no group difference. Analyzing responses to the novel stimuli revealed that fear responses increased as a function of their similarity to the CS+. This increase did however not differ between the groups, thus there was no support for that sleep or wake would differently affect the generalization of fear learning.<br/><br/>In study 2, a similar design was used, but with electric shocks instead of the aversive sound, in order to elicit a stronger fear response. The results revealed that in the wake group, fear responses were larger to the CS+ compared to the CS-, whereas no such effect was observed after sleep. Similar results were evident for fear responses to the novel circles, indicating that after sleep, similarity to the CS+ was no longer a predictor of the degree of fear responding. The groups did not differ in general responsivity, but only in how their responses were distributed across the stimuli.<br/><br/>In study 3, participants first learned associations between neutral words and images that were either negative or neutral. Then, in the Think/No-Think phase, a subset of these words were shown without the images, and participants were asked to either try to think of the image that they had previously been associated with (Think items) or to avoid all thoughts of the associated image (No-Think items). Then, memory was tested for all the items. Results revealed significant below baseline forgetting of the No-Think items in the group that was tested right after the conclusion of the No-Think phase. This forgetting effect had however disappeared after a longer delay interval, regardless of if it had contained sleep or wake, regardless of the emotionality of the images. Thus, we found no support that sleep and wake would differently affect the duration of this forgetting effect. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a928f14b-713c-4a42-bd02-a48756e3b16f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/18563916/e_spik_ex.pdf application/pdf 2506474 no Lund University 2017 eng Sleep Emotional memory Fear conditioning Fear Generalization Think/No-Think Memory Suppression Psychology 978-91-7753-138-8 146 2017-01-20T13:15:00+01:00 a928f14b-713c-4a42-bd02-a48756e3b16f 2016-12-22T18:28:32+01:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-12-22T18:28:32+01:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8d043cd7-1235-46d7-a671-38f52972cd6a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Blue Hall, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 1 THERESE REBER author 515751d5-7453-42c0-b36f-4469a5908ff8 Marie Dacke supervisor daa6033f-8a78-43ad-96ef-2642304b440c Emily Baird supervisor 77ba434d-b1f7-47ad-a646-ca178a7e6921 Eric Warrant supervisor 16c5d77c-87bb-421f-b352-009456cfdfec Dr. Natalie Hempel de Ibarra opponent University of Exeter, UK Functional zoology v1000610 department Lund Vision Group v1001407 department Lund Vision Group research group Flying, as well as walking insects rely on vision to regulate locomotion, even in the dark when the visual system is much less reliable. To manage visual control of these behaviours at low light intensities, many insects have evolved optical adaptations, such as larger facet lenses and wider rhabdoms, and neural adaptations, such as spatial and temporal summation, to increase their visual sensitivity.<br/>To investigate the effect of light intensity on flight control in crepuscular insects, I filmed bumblebees flying through an experimental tunnel at different light intensities. I found that bumblebees control their flight well even in dim light but fly slower as light levels fall. We also measured the effect of light intensity on the response speed of bee photoreceptors and found that they respond more slowly at lower light intensities. These results indicate that bumblebees compensate both behaviourally and visually to be able to fly in dim light.<br/>Next, I examined the final moments of landing in bumblebees by training them to land on a flat platform that could be rotated to different orientations. I found that bumblebees adjust their body and head posture depending upon the orientation of the platform and that leg extension occurred at a constant distance from the surface (except at low platform tilts). I also investigated the effect of light intensity on the landing precision in bumblebees while landing at the same platform at two different orientations and at different light intensities. I found that bumblebees perform well-controlled landings in dim light, however, as light intensity decreased, the bees oriented their body more vertically and their head more horizontally relative to the horizontal plane and extended their legs further away from the platform. These results indicate that bumblebees rely on visual cues to perform smooth landings even in dim light.<br/>Finally, to investigate how walking insects adapt to dim light, we analysed the orientation performance of diurnal and nocturnal dung beetles while rolling their dung balls from the centre to the periphery of a circular arena in the lab as well as in the field. We found that both species oriented well to a point light source, such as the moon or an artificial light. When only wide-field cues were present, such as starlight or the polarization pattern around the moon, the nocturnal beetles were much better oriented. Moreover, we found no effect of light intensity on ball-rolling speed, suggesting that these beetles do not employ temporal summation strategies, but rather a spatial summation approach to adapt to dim light.<br/>To summarize, the data presented in this thesis has broadened our knowledge about insect flight, landing, walking and orientation performance in dim light and has given insights into which adaptations they might use to meet the challenges of unreliable visual signals. <br/> Att färdas i mörker: insekters lösningar, vinster och kostnader<br/><br/>In sin ständiga jakt på mat måste många insekter undvika att krocka med grenar, stenar och blad, samt färdas i en lämplig kompassriktning. Åtskilliga insekter använder sin syn för att kontrollera detta. En nektarsökande humla, till exempel, reglerar sin flyghastighet efter hur snabbt föremål i omgivningen rör sig över dess ögon. Denna typ av flygkontroll, och alla andra synstyrda beteenden, kräver dessvärre en viss mängd ljus för att fungera optimalt och när det blir mörkare blir det svårare att uppnå denna ljusmängd. För att maximera sitt ljusintag har många skymningsaktiva och nattaktiva insekter därför större ögon och större fasetter än sina dagaktiva släktingar. Några har dessutom utvecklat förmågan att neuronalt lägga ihop ljusintag från flera områden av synfältet (spatial integrering) eller att bearbeta ljussignalen i varje syncell (fotoreceptor) under en längre tid (temporal integrering). Men allt har ett pris och dessa strategier leder ofta till en mindre detaljrik bild av verkligheten eller att föremål som rör sig snabbt inte längre går att se. Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att beskriva de anpassningar som insekter har utvecklat för att öka sin ljuskänslighet och att öka vår förståelse för hur insekters flygkontroll, landningsprecision och orienteringsförmåga påverkas av fallande ljusnivåer. <br/>I dagsljus flyger en humla i mina försök elegant och säkert genom en 30 cm bred tunnel klädd med schackmönster. En serie välkontrollerade studier visar att de fortsätter att göra så även i mycket svagt ljus, men med lägre flyghastighet efterhand som det blir mörkare. Samtidigt kan vi visa att en fallande ljusintensitet även påverkar fotoreceptorernas reaktionsförmåga, som även den gradvis blir långsammare efterhand som mörkret faller. Humlor anpassar på så vis sin syn genom att fånga upp ljus under en längre tidsenhet med ökad ljuskänslighet som vinst. Kostnaden humlorna betalar är ett långsammare synsystem. Om de fortsätter att flyga med samma hastighet riskerar de därför att komma farligt nära en av tunnelns väggar utan att upptäcka den i tid. Ett sätt att kompensera för detta är helt enkelt att flyga långsammare när det blir mörkare. Detta är också precis vad jag observerar. <br/>För att bättre förstå insekters landningsbeteende tränade jag även humlor att landa på en plattform som gick att rotera. Det visar sig att humlor justerar sin kroppshållning och sina antenner efter plattformens vinkel, samt sträcker ut benen på ett konstant avstånd från plattformen. Dessa resultat tyder på att humlorna bedömer var plattformen är och hur den är orienterad utan att vidröra den, förmodligen genom att förlita sig på sin syn, men antennerna kan också ha en roll med i spelet. Även under mycket mörka förhållanden, på gränsen till vad humlorna kan flyga under, är deras landningar välkontrollerade. Jag observerade inte en enda humla som krockade med plattformen under mina försök. När det blir mörkt justerar dock humlorna kroppen mer vertikalt och huvudet mer horisontellt i förhållande till horisontalplanet, samt sträcker ut benen tidigare jämfört med mer ljusa förhållanden. Förmodligen är detta anpassningar som gör det möjligt för dem att landa mjukt även under ljussvaga förhållanden. <br/>I min avhandling utforskar jag även effekten av ljusintensitet på orienteringsförmåga och transporthastighet hos gående insekter. Detta gör jag genom att låta dagaktiva och nattaktiva dyngbaggar rulla sina dyngbollar ut från mitten av en rund arena i Sydafrika, samt under mer kontrollerade former i labbet. Det visar sig att dagaktiva och nattaktiva dyngbaggar orienterar sig med samma precision så länge de erbjuds en punktljuskälla, såsom månen, solen eller en lampa som referenspunkt. När däremot endast stjärnhimlen eller månens polarisationsmönster går att se överträffar de nattaktiva dyngbaggarna sina dagaktiva släktingar. Dessutom fortsätter båda arterna, oberoende av ljusintensitet, att rulla sina bollar över savannen med samma imponerande hastighet. Detta tyder på att dyngbaggarna inte bearbetar synsignaler långsammare, utan snarare lägger ihop synsignaler från större delar av synfältet för att öka sin ljuskänslighet. <br/>Sammanfattningsvis bidrar min avhandling till ökade kunskaper om hur synstyrda beteenden hos flygande, landande och gående insekter påverkas av rådande ljusförhållanden och vilka anpassningar de utvecklat för att utföra dem även när det blir mörkare.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8d043cd7-1235-46d7-a671-38f52972cd6a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/9129722/Therese_PhD_kappa.pdf application/pdf 7115749 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 2016 eng insect vision light intensity bumblebee retina behavioural adaptation flight landing dung beetle nocturnal adaptation sky compass straight-line orientation Zoology 978-91-7623-755-7 978-91-7623-756-4 120 2016-05-13T10:00:00+02:00 8d043cd7-1235-46d7-a671-38f52972cd6a 2016-06-17T15:21:30+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-06-17T15:21:30+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:dbf54e23-9020-4da3-bb09-f1ef1e130e2d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:210 1 Thor Berger author db7a344c-32e0-473c-8aef-9dfe83cbb159 Kerstin Enflo supervisor d4c286de-1917-4dd1-b4d5-da6f8ae76f2d Martin Henning supervisor Professor Nikolaus Wolf opponent Humboldt university, Berlin Department of Economic History v1000022 department Sweden experienced a remarkable economic transformation between the 18th century and the outbreak of World War I. This dissertation consists of four self-contained papers that uses a quantitative empirical approach to identify key drivers of this transformation by analyzing the contribution of the potato to economic growth, the determinants of the early investments in mass schooling, and how the rollout of the national railroad network shaped rural and urban growth patterns from the mid-19th century to the present day. Together, the findings of this dissertation contribute novel evidence on the causal determinants of Sweden’s acceleration in growth and also shed light on the historical roots of contemporary patterns of regional and urban development. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/dbf54e23-9020-4da3-bb09-f1ef1e130e2d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12001615/Thor_Berger_webb.pdf application/pdf 4202961 no 2016-09-08 eng Industrialization Regional growth Transportation infrastructure Urbanization Economic History 978-91-87793-28-8 978-91-87793-29-5 170 2016-09-30T14:15:00+02:00 dbf54e23-9020-4da3-bb09-f1ef1e130e2d 2016-09-08T19:01:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-08T19:01:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3a55063e-0feb-484d-a819-487ca435b846 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Jubileumsaulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Christina Monsen author 908ab7f0-c5b1-4c1f-9809-fc60fd40e3a2 Stefan Acosta supervisor 3c7913bd-3508-460f-a091-8defb00eefe6 Christine Kumlien supervisor MD PhD Lena Blomgren opponent Karolinska Institutet Vascular Diseases - Clinical Research v1000518 department Vascular Diseases - Clinical Research research group Abstract<br> Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) in the groin after vascular surgery is common and deep perivascular infection leads to long periods of hospitalization, sometimes to amputation and/or death. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is increasingly used for treating wounds such as deep perivascular groin infections after vascular surgery, but there is no scientific evidence supporting its benefit over traditional wound therapy.<br> Aims: To study the effect of NPWT on wound healing, complications, resource use, quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and to explore the experiences of patients with deep perivascular groin infections after vascular surgery undergoing NPWT at home <br> Methods: A retrospective study was performed on consecutive patients undergoing NPWT between 2004 and 2006, and a randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2007 and 2011, where patients undergoing NPWT were compared to those treated with a traditional alginate dressing. Finally, a qualitative interview study was conducted between 2013 and 2014, in which patients undergoing NPWT in the outpatient setting were interviewed 7-14 days after discharge.<br> Results: Twenty-eight patients/33 groins were studied in Study I, ten patients in each group in Studies II &amp; III and 15 patients in Study IV. The median wound healing time was 55 days in Study I, 57 days in the NPWT group compared to 104 in the alginate group (p=0.026) in Studies II &amp; III and 58 days in Study IV. The graft preservation rate in NPWT patients was 83%, 86% and 85% in Studies I, II/III and IV, respectively. Bacterial clearance from the wound was the same in the NPWT and alginate group in Studies II &amp;III. One patient in the NPWT and one in the alginate group in Studies II &amp;III had a severe bleeding from the femoral artery reconstruction site. Nine (43%) out of 21 groins with synthetic graft infections in Study I had an infection-related complication, compared to 0 (0%) out of 12 groins in those that did not have a synthetic graft infection (p=0.012), and non-healing wounds were associated with amputation (p=0.005) and death (p&lt;0.001). A median of 21 (IQR 15-30) dressing changes were performed in the NPWT group, compared to 73 (IQR 51-98) (p&lt;0.001) in the alginate group in Studies II &amp; III. Compared to alginate therapy, NPWT saved the nurses 4.5 hours of work the first week after surgical revision in Study III. The total costs for the NPWT and alginate group in Study III were the same, of which 87% and 83%, respectively, were attributed to in-hospital costs. In Study III, estimation of Euroqol 5 Dimensions instrument and Brief Pain Inventory showed no differences at respective time points between the two groups. In Study IV an overall theme emerged from the descriptions of the experiences of patients with deep perivascular groin infection after vascular surgery undergoing NPWT at home, namely that it meant a transition from being a dependent patient to a person who needs to be involved and have self-care competence. A need to feel prepared for this before discharge from hospital was expressed. Lack of information and feelings of uncertainty prolonged the time before feeling confident in managing the treatment. The informants gradually accepted the need to be tied to a machine, became competent in its management, and found solutions to perform everyday tasks. Overall, it was a relief to be treated at home.<br> Conclusion: NPWT in patients with deep perivascular SSI after vascular surgery is superior to traditional alginate therapy in terms of wound healing and cost-effectiveness. Patients expressed several benefits of treatment with NPWT at home. However, they experienced unnecessary stress and anxiety due to lack of information on the treatment and instruction concerning the equipment. Therefore, adequate information and education must be provided. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3a55063e-0feb-484d-a819-487ca435b846 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12202704/e_spik_monsen.pdf application/pdf 2924272 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) Vacuum Assisted Closure Surgical site infections Groin Quality of Life Pain Resource use Cost-effectiveness Content Analysis Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-333-4 102 2016-10-14T09:30:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:107 3a55063e-0feb-484d-a819-487ca435b846 2016-09-14T08:51:19+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-14T08:51:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:dfac7b31-229a-4d1d-a02e-43258ce060f4 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published V:B, V-building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 MARTIN ROSENQVIST author 0c48819e-241a-45c1-8f87-db3c7d586525 Katja Fridh supervisor 8d6a3fdb-9d4a-4202-84ef-a9a333c2c9f5 Manouchehr Hassanzadeh supervisor efd92ac6-b343-425c-abb8-df0887676c05 Lars Wadsö supervisor 4967eb17-7f37-47a0-a8f8-ec7b22af1567 Professor R.D. Hooton opponent University of Toronto, Canada Division of Building Materials v1000221 department Frost deterioration of concrete can result in severe consequences to the safety, durability and functionality of a structure since it impairs the strength of the concrete. Frost damage may occur to structures that are in contact with water and subjected to frost action. Different types of concrete damage, which are suspected to be frost related, have been observed in concrete structures in Swedish hydro power plants. Questions have consequently been raised regarding the durability of concrete in hydraulic structures in cold climates. “Hydraulic structure” is the umbrella term for structures in contact with water – hydro power stations, dams, locks, canals, harbours and bridge piles.<br/>Different types of suspected frost related damage to concrete structures in hydro power plants are identified and categorised in this thesis. The underlying causes of damage are experimentally investigated by means of laboratory and field studies. Knowledge about the deterioration of concrete is important in order to secure long service life for hydraulic structures. The obtained results can be used as input for repairs of existing structures and in the case of new builds. The results may also be applicable to hydraulic structures in other countries where similar environmental conditions are present.<br/>The environmental exposure conditions of most Swedish hydraulic structures can be considered harsh. Most hydraulic structures are in contact with water all year round and are subjected to frost action in winter. The water in Swedish rivers is generally considered soft due to the geology of Sweden. Ice floes and driftwood may also cause abrasive wear to some structures. Progressive deterioration of the concrete surface occurs at the waterline of many hydraulic structures. Despite the fact that these structures are exposed to fresh water, the damage is similar in appearance to salt scaling of concrete. Surface deterioration results in exposure of the coarse aggregate and eventually the reinforcing steel.<br/>Analysis of the chemical composition of the cement paste shows that long-term exposure to soft water causes leaching of the concrete surface. Leaching leads to a decrease in the resistance against frost action and abrasion. The surface of frost resistant concrete may also suffer from frost damage if subjected to leaching prior to freezing. This thesis experimentally demonstrates that different degradation mechanisms can boost each other since the amount of superficial damage caused by the combined effects of leaching, frost action and abrasion exceeded the total amount of damage separately caused by these mechanisms.<br/>Progressive deterioration of the concrete surface at the waterline begins with leaching during the spring, summer and autumn months. Hence, the concrete surface becomes susceptible to frost action and is damaged in winter. During the spring, the damaged surface layer falls off and the process begins again.<br/>In some cases, internal damage has been observed at and just above the waterline of hydro power structures built prior to the 1950s. Experimental results show that internal frost damage may occur above the waterline in non-frost resistant concrete. Determination of saturation levels in concrete in existing structures and in specimens after laboratory tests showed that the risk of internal frost damage at and above the waterline is low in frost resistant concrete.<br/>Another type of internal damage has been observed far below the waterline of thin water retaining concrete structures. The damage can be characterised by spalling of large concrete pieces. All damaged structures were subjected to long periods of unidirectional freezing in winter. The studies performed show that poor concrete quality and the effects of ageing and imperfections in the concrete may facilitate growth of macroscopic ice lenses, which causes spalling.<br/>In mechanically sound concrete with a water to cement ratio (w/c) lower than 0.9, the risk of macroscopic ice lens growth is low. In concrete with internal cracking due to frost damage, spalling may occur within a few days regardless of the w/c-ratio. Concrete spalling may occur also in concrete with cavities and other imperfections. However, the higher the quality of concrete, the longer the freezing time required to facilitate macroscopic ice lens growth. Since unfavourable temperature and saturation conditions may exist in winter, the risk of macroscopic ice lens growth in thin water retaining concrete structures cannot be overlooked.<br/>Determination of saturation levels in concrete from a 55-year old dam showed that high saturation levels are to be expected so that even frost resistant concrete is at risk of frost damage. Microstructural observations of concrete from the dam further showed that the frost resistance of concrete can be reduced due to the fact that air voids fill with ettringite and calcium hydroxide crystals over time. In spite of high saturation levels in the concrete, the risk of frost damage can be minimised by preventing thin water retaining structures from freezing in winter.<br/> Frostnedbrytning av betong kan få allvarliga konsekvenser för en konstruktions säkerhet, beständighet och funktionsduglighet eftersom betongens hållfasthet försämras. Frostskador uppstår vanligtvis i konstruktioner med hög fuktbelastning och som periodvis utsätts för frostangrepp. Olika typer av betongskador, vilka kan misstänkas vara frostrelaterade, har påträffats i svenska vattenkraftsanläggningar. Följaktligen har frågor väckts kring betongens beständighet i vattenbyggnader i kalla klimat. Vattenbyggnader är ett samlingsnamn för konstruktioner i anslutning till vatten - vattenkraftstationer, dammar, slussar, kanaler, hamnar och bropelare.<br/>I föreliggande avhandling har olika typer av misstänkta frostrelaterade skador i svenska vattenkraftverk identifierats och kategoriserats. De bakomliggande orsakerna har undersökts experimentellt genom laboratorie- och fältstudier. Kunskap om betongens nedbrytning är viktig i syfte att säkerställa och möjliggöra lång livslängd för vattenbyggnader. Erhållna resultat kan användas som underlag dels vid reparation av befintliga konstruktioner samt dels vid om- och nybyggnationer. Erhållna slutsatser från de olika studierna bedöms även vara tillämpbara för vattenbyggnader i andra länder med liknande förhållanden.<br/>Miljöförhållandena vid de flesta vattenbyggnader i Sverige kan antas vara hårda. Många vattenbyggnader står i kontakt med vatten året om, samt utsätts för frostangrepp vintertid. Vattnet i svenska sjöar och vattendrag kan generellt klassas som mjukt till följd av de geologiska förutsättningarna i Sverige. Dessutom kan is och övrigt drivgods orsaka nötningsrelaterade skador på vissa konstruktioner.<br/>Successiv nedbrytning av betongens yta längs vattenlinjen sker på de flesta vattenbyggnader. Skadorna påminner om avskalning orsakad tösalter trots att konstruktionerna står i kontakt med sötvatten. Nedbrytningen av betongytan leder till friläggandet av grövre ballastkorn, samt i förlängningen även armeringsjärn. <br/>Genom bestämning av cementpastans kemiska samansättning har det visats att långvarig kontakt med mjukt vatten orsakar urlakning av det yttre betongskiktet. Urlakningen leder i sin tur till att ytans beständighet gentemot frost och nötning försämras. Även betong som anses vara frostbeständig uppvisar frostskador om ytan urlakas innan frostangreppet inträffar. Att olika nedbrytningsmekanismer kan förstärka varandras effekter bekräftades experimentellt genom att samverkan mellan urlakning, frysning och nötning orsakade mer omfattande skador på betongens yta än vad de enskilda mekanismerna gjorde tillsammans.<br/>Den successiva nedbrytningen av betongytan längs vattenlinjen börjar med att ytskiktet urlakas under vår, sommar och höst. Betongens yta blir därmed känslig för frostangrepp och ytskiktet skadas under den följande vintern. På våren faller det skadade skiktet bort. Därefter börjar processen om på nytt.<br/>I en del fall har inre skador påträffats vid och strax ovanför vattenlinjen i betong tillhörande vattenkraftverk uppförda företrädesvis innan 1950-talet. Resultat från försök i laboratoriet bekräftar att inre skador kan inträffa ovanför vattenlinjen i icke frostbeständig betong. Bestämning av fuktnivåer i befintliga konstruktioner och i provkroppar efter laboratorieförsök visar däremot att risken för inre skador vid och ovanför vattenlinjen är låg i frostbeständig betong.<br/>En annan typ av inre skador har påträffats långt under vattenlinjen i tunna och dämmande betongkonstruktioner. Skadornas art kan karaktäriseras av spjälkning av större betongsjok. Den gemensamma faktorn för konstruktionerna är att de har utsatts för långa perioder av ensidig frysning under vintern. Genomförda studier har visat att låg betongkvalitet, samt effekter av åldring och defekter från byggtiden kan möjliggöra makroskopisk islinsbildning, vilken orsakar spjälkning.<br/>I fullt frisk betong med vattencementtal (vct) lägre än 0.9 är dock risken för makroskopisk islinsbildning låg. I betong med inre sprickbildning till följd av frostskador kan däremot spjälkning inträffa inom några dagar oberoende av betongens vct. Även i betong med inre defekter, till exempel mindre håligheter, kan spjälkning inträffa. Högre kvalitet på betongen kräver dock längre perioder av ensidig frysning för att makroskopisk islinsbildning ska orsaka skador. Eftersom ofördelaktiga temperatur- och fuktförhållanden kan existera vintertid i tunna och dämmande betongkonstruktioner bör risken för spjälkning av betong beaktas.<br/>Genom bestämning av vattenmättnadsgrader i en 55-årig damm har det visats att höga fuktnivåer i betong kan uppkomma över tid så att även frostbeständig betong riskerar skadas vid frostangrepp. Mikrostrukturella observationer av betongprover från dammen visade även att frostbeständigheten kan försämras över tid till följd av att luftporerna i betongen fylls med ettringit och kalciumhydroxid. Trots att höga fuktnivåer uppkommer över tid kan risken för en del frostskador minimeras genom att speciellt utsatta konstruktioner skyddas från frostangrepp. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/dfac7b31-229a-4d1d-a02e-43258ce060f4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12207160/Avhandling_Webbversion_2016_09_13.pdf application/pdf 8147960 no 2016-09-14 eng Vattenbyggnader Dammar Betong Cement Vattenabsorption Vattenmättnadsgrad Nedbrytning Frostbeständighet Spjälkning Makroskopisk islinsbildning Urlakning Synergi Hydraulic structures Dams Concrete Cement Water absorption Degree of saturation Deterioration Frost resistance Spalling Macroscopic ice lens growth Leaching Synergy Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-900-1 978-91-7623-901-8 74 2016-10-10T13:15:00+02:00 dfac7b31-229a-4d1d-a02e-43258ce060f4 2016-09-14T14:22:25+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-14T14:22:25+02:00

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theses published Kvinnoklinikens aula, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Teresa Ullberg author b2ccfd29-b39b-4092-8d98-bd2c6dee33ed Jesper Petersson supervisor 21febe92-3ef0-4ca4-a380-f10eeb727af4 Bo Norrving supervisor 202ac664-5da8-42c2-b110-96d26905695f Elisabet Zia supervisor 8601eef8-33be-4f71-a2cd-e4636f4afb62 professor Grethe Andersen opponent Aarhus University Neurology, Lund v1000451 department Stroke policy and quality register research v1000456 department Stroke policy and quality register research research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/dac1c0da-8b4f-4632-9ad1-2a58ff70ed70 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12207529/e_spik_teresa.pdf application/pdf 1471843 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng stroke functional outcome secondary prevention follow-up case-fatality socio-economy Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-347-1 90 2016-10-15T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:121 dac1c0da-8b4f-4632-9ad1-2a58ff70ed70 2016-09-14T14:48:37+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-14T14:48:37+02:00

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theses published Aulan, KK, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Malmö 1 KONSTANTINA SARGENTI author 8e370470-f412-433a-ae2a-2979e8810e46 Evangelos Kalaitzakis supervisor 0325d043-d93a-4b43-98aa-52dd9f6f02d8 Hanne Prytz supervisor 2bc1d90f-189c-4b8a-b2ac-1102b9e955fe Daniel Klintman supervisor 2a08be0f-9abd-4a45-8e99-baf30043f163 professor Flemming Bendtsen opponent Institution for Clinical Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Danmark Medicine/Emergency Medicine, Lund v1000435 department Gastro v1000986 department Gastro research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/040c3ddb-b4ac-4908-b56a-1c05b6e02a5b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12209534/Konstantina_webb_papers.pdf application/pdf 7256338 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-302-0 113 2016-10-13T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:75 040c3ddb-b4ac-4908-b56a-1c05b6e02a5b 2016-09-14T20:49:35+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-14T20:49:35+02:00

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theses published Rum 2005-7, DC, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Magnus Dustler author a18dc9c6-bc2b-4259-afa0-9360c50330d9 Anders Tingberg supervisor 814ddbd4-00c5-4118-9b96-491c4c8a5591 Sophia Zackrisson supervisor 53170e8b-279b-4e6a-8f63-0212cfb27797 Pontus Timberg supervisor fcabb668-d0db-41a2-ab6b-f26a780783ca professor Nico Karssemeijer opponent Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cee95f3e-60d0-482e-8d08-bab29e809a32 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12248360/Magnus_Gustler_webb.pdf application/pdf 3687699 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences Natural Sciences 978-91-7619-338-9 84 2016-10-07T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:112 cee95f3e-60d0-482e-8d08-bab29e809a32 2016-09-15T11:42:24+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-15T11:42:24+02:00

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theses published Föreläsningssalen, Avdelningen för obstetrik och gynekologi, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Louise Moberg author e64ff708-4926-4c02-a8d6-cb778be41660 Christer Borgfeldt supervisor 240837ae-8184-4872-8b98-bcfbdf533b6a Peter Nilsson supervisor d4f81cfb-cf32-492f-991f-f84f66734b69 Göran Samsioe supervisor e1973fc8-f065-4a57-ad10-73d222d4e039 professor Karl Michaëlsson opponent Uppsala Universitet Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Lund) v1000470 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3463d362-300b-4d13-be4a-afe12f1e1544 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12289506/Louise_Moberg_Kappan.pdf application/pdf 1411393 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Fracture Osteoporosis Screening Postmenopausal women PPI Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-339-6 77 2016-10-14T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:113 3463d362-300b-4d13-be4a-afe12f1e1544 2016-09-16T10:00:18+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-16T10:00:18+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:97a21538-0a7d-47e1-8fa5-d48db4aedf74 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Mengqin Shen author 0150883d-216b-44ba-9718-98949fdcaa3f Per Tunestål supervisor 903a22e4-fd41-476a-abac-91b3f1423aa3 Martin Tunér supervisor cf1a72d1-293c-4eb9-8a19-8a65f936bffb Sustainable energy systems v1000207 department To achieve cleaner combustion and higher efficiency in compression ignition (CI) engines, many new combustion strategies have been developed. Among these new concepts, partially premixed combustion (PPC) attracts a lot of attention, because of its possibility to achieve simultaneously low soot and NOx. Compared to homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion, charge stratification in PPC can lead to increased soot emissions. This thesis deals with questions related to soot emissions in PPC. The main focus is to gain information and better understanding of soot particle characteristics with diesel, gasoline and ethanol fuels with varied in-cylinder emission control parameters.<br/>By means of injection timing, it is possible to have combustion from HCCI into PPC mode with the assistance of intake temperature. PPC shows benefits of higher engine efficiency and lower UHC and CO emissions over HCCI. However, it can also face the challenges of higher soot emissions. The study carried out with altered dilutions and different kinds of fuels illustrates that NOx emissions can be suppressed by increasing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) or reducing intake pressure, but at the expense of an increase in soot emissions with diesel and gasoline fuels. The significant soot increase and largely reduced engine efficiency in stoichiometric operations also indicated low possibility for clean PPC with simple three-way catalyst with these fuels. On the contrary, ethanol emitted close to zero level soot emissions regardless of variations in engine operating parameters. This has made it an attractive fuel for PPC study.<br/>To be compliant with future stringent exhaust gas legislations for CI engines, soot exhaust after-treatment system may need together with new fuel strategies in PPC operations. Hence, information of the corresponding soot particle characteristics, including particle number and size, is necessary. Ethanol, high-octane and low-octane gasoline were used to perform PPC soot emissions investigations, with diesel fuel as a comparison. In-cylinder emission control parameters, such as injection timing, intake temperature, EGR and injection pressure were selected and tested to find their effects on soot emissions. Retarding injection timing can increase fuel stratification, which resulted in increased soot emissions of larger particle size and higher number density. Other engine parameters showed two quite different trends for fossil fuels and ethanol fuel respectively. When EGR increased, first soot mass emissions increased with higher particle number and larger size. Upon higher EGR, soot mass decreased with smaller particles and lower particle number concentration. Increasing intake temperature or reducing injection pressure can promote soot production with larger particle size and higher particle number concentration. Compared to diesel, gasoline showed great improvements in emission levels due to lower particle number emissions and smaller particle sizes, particularly with high octane gasoline fuel. On the other hand, ethanol produced ultra-low soot mass emissions and number emissions in all condition. Consequently it requires less engine efficiency compromises to comply with the legislation standards.<br/>In the meantime, the exhaust after-treatment system can be simplified. Very slight soot emission change in response to variations in engine conditions also increases the robustness. <br/>In addition to the findings in the exhaust, an in-cylinder soot particle analysis was done via in-cylinder gas fast sampling technique and on-line aerosol instruments. It has revealed that during combustion, EGR reduced both soot formation and soot oxidation, but the more reduced soot oxidation was the main reason for increased soot mass emissions in diesel PPC. Comparison of soot processes with gasoline and diesel indicated that, very low soot formation was the main reason for lower exhaust soot emissions in gasoline PPC. Much larger particles were formed in diesel PPC. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/97a21538-0a7d-47e1-8fa5-d48db4aedf74 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7715061/Kappa_Mengqin_Shen.pdf application/pdf 3213883 no Lund University Faculty of Engineering Department of Energy Sciences Division of Combustion Engines P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 LUND Sweden 2016 eng PPC, PM emissions, Diesel, Gasoline, Ethanol, Particle size distribution Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-785-4 978-91-7623-784-7 196 2016-06-15 10.15 M.B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering, LTH. Opponent: Dr Stephen A. Ciatti, Argonne National Lab, USA 97a21538-0a7d-47e1-8fa5-d48db4aedf74 2016-05-19T15:06:34+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-19T15:06:34+02:00

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theses published Hörsal 1, HSC, Baravägen 3, Lund. 1 Catharina Lindberg author ee45bbca-84cc-407d-8144-5d49e62e87b6 Cecilia Fagerström supervisor Bengt Sivberg supervisor 59a62965-9ea7-40ab-8849-f622c43264f5 Ania Willman supervisor professor Berit Lindahl opponent University of Borås Care in high technological environments v1000426 department Care in high technological environments research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2daff1db-74a7-4cb3-9241-907721ca2ee1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7718604/2016_Lindberg_Thesis_160502c_hel.pdf application/pdf 1333208 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng autonomy caring context co-determination concept analysis concept development control descriptive phenomenology highly technological care inductive content analysis metasynthesis partnership patient experiences theoretical development transition trust vulnerability autonomy caring context co-determination concept analysis concept development control descriptive phenomenology highly technological care inductive content analysis metasynthesis partnership patient experiences theoretical development transition trust vulnerability Nursing 978-91-7619-299-3 103 2016-06-10T09:00:00+02:00 2daff1db-74a7-4cb3-9241-907721ca2ee1 2016-05-19T15:43:07+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:11Z 2016-05-19T15:43:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:210e8e2d-cc95-42bd-bd2d-1bea15159bd0 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5 H, Lund 1 Andreas Falck author dbc8931e-e76c-40f6-bd6d-4b4f5b8fd11d Magnus Lindgren supervisor f4d9fcd8-69a1-4b2d-9ea9-40d0d3e06898 Ingar Brinck supervisor 0407c90c-78e2-4345-9458-86533d9a7fef Elia Psouni supervisor 28e364ac-451c-4c84-9931-6d725dd5f2e7 Professor Pierre Jacob opponent Institut Jean Nicod, Ecole normale supérieure Department of Psychology v1000681 department A large amount of socio-cognitive research has been devoted to questions about different perspectives – how do we understand that other people can have their own perspectives on reality. This is typically studied with so called false-belief-tasks (FBTs), which are experimental tasks designed to tap into an ability to understand that other people may have beliefs differing from our own (perspective-taking). Children show some evidence of such ability between 15 months and 4 years of age, depending on how they are tested, which have led to controversy regarding the nature of this ability. Another branch of research, often called social attention, has been concerned with how we tend to become influenced by other people’s attention, so that we attend to what they attend to. Notably, when attending the same information as someone else we are likely to think about the same information and converge on similar beliefs, i.e. share a perspective. In this thesis, I asked whether the explanatory burden of presumptive theories of perspective-taking can be reduced when taking into account how social attention helps us share perspectives. I address this question in three papers, in collaboration with colleagues.<br/>Paper I is a theoretical investigation of what is needed in order to share a perspective. The developmentally earliest claims of children showing sensitivity to others’ false beliefs are currently aimed at 7 months of age. In this paper I and colleagues challenge this claim, by arguing that the results are better explained by the low-level mechanism of interest contagion, a human tendency to attend to what others attend to without reflecting on this fact, together with recognition memory. Whereas the experiments with 7 month old infants do not show evidence of perspective-taking, they do provide evidence about how perspectives can be shared, which in turn can help us understand perspective-taking. <br/>Paper II is an empirical study of what happens when 3-4 year old children watch a film in which a boy named Maxi comes to have a false belief about his toy’s location. They watch either with an experimenter attending the story together with them, or alone while the experimenter does something else. In the end, they are subject to a FBT – the experimenter asks them about where they expect Maxi to go to fetch his toy. We find that children are more likely to report that Maxi will search where he thinks the toy is, rather than where it is really (thus passing the test), if they have watched the story together with the experimenter. We also tested children’s memory of the story, with mixed results. We therefore suggest that whatever helps children succeed on the FBT is specific to reasoning about others’ perspectives.<br/>Paper III is a follow-up study using eye-tracking in order to investigate 1) whether children watch the story differently when watching together with the experimenter, and 2) whether they look in advance to where Maxi is expected to go even if they give the wrong answer to the verbal question. We find that children who watch together with an experimenter scan the scene more (more fixations), and that most of the children who fail the FBT question from the experimenter still looks in advance to where Maxi is expected to look, hence showing some sensitivity to the fact that Maxi is mistaken about his toy’s location. <br/>Taken together, these studies suggest that sharing a perspective with someone scaffolds understanding of how perspectives may differ. This fits a theory of perspective-taking in which people are contextual cues to situations which was previously shared with them, which I argue explains a lot of the presently existing data parsimoniously. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/210e8e2d-cc95-42bd-bd2d-1bea15159bd0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7728219/Andreas_Falck_PhD_KAPPA.pdf application/pdf 2394463 no Lund University 2016-05-20 eng attention social cognition intersubjectivity false-belief task contagion Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) 978-91-7623-852-3 978-91-7623-853-0 165 2016-06-11T10:00:00+02:00 210e8e2d-cc95-42bd-bd2d-1bea15159bd0 2016-05-19T17:15:32+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-19T17:15:32+02:00

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theses published Föreläsningssalen, Kvinnokliniken, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Caitriona Grönberg author 987d9d11-69ae-4e28-8e03-a73e801b63a5 Harry Björkbacka supervisor d8df913a-8260-45b4-91b0-3480c6f810e8 Jan Nilsson supervisor 9c3d6410-b978-4aaf-b2ad-bf1cd4070602 Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson supervisor 4289e399-a9e7-4af1-9ecc-a26d02923e85 professor Bente Halvorsen opponent Universitetet i Oslo Cardiovascular Research - Immunity and Atherosclerosis v1000512 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Cardiovascular Research - Immunity and Atherosclerosis research group Background and aim - The development of clinical manifectations due to an eroded or ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, or occluded vessel, are one of the major causes of death world wide. It has been known for some time that atherosclerosis develops due to retention and modification of LDL particles in the vessel wall and the subsequent triggering of the immune system. The research presented within this thesis has focused on IL-16, a signaling molecule, in the immune system.. IL-16 has shown pleiotropic functions in inflammatory diseases. IL-16 has been described to have the capacity to induce T cell unresponsivness and increase the regulatory T cell population. Regulatory T cells are known to be protective in atherosclerosis by dampening the immune responses. There has been no extensive research on the role of IL-16 in atherosclerosis disease and the clinical manifestations thereof. The aim of the collected work in this thesis was to investigate if IL-16 can induce anti-inflammatory and atherosclerosis dampening effects, if IL-16 holds potential as a biomarker for predicting future cardiovascular events, and if IL-16 is altered in an retrospective cardiovascular case-control study.<br/>Results – (I) Administration of IL-16, in an experimental model of atherosclerosis consisting of hypercholesterolemic female mice, increased anti-inflammatory factors and decreased the atherosclerotic plaque burden. Male mice, which were defective of IL-16, displayed an increased atherosclerotic burden compared to control mice. (II) Elevated levels of IL-16, in carotid plaques, from individuals with severe carotid atherosclerosis displayed associations to plaque stabilizing components (collagen, elastin and FoxP3). High levels of carotid plaque IL-16 were associated to a decreased risk of suffering from a cardiovascular event. (III) Individuals suffering from severe carotid atherosclerosis had a decreased risk of suffering from a post-operative cardiovascular event, or a cardiovascular event leading to death, if they had high levels of circulating IL-16 compared to individuals with low levels of IL-16. (IV) In a population-based prospective study four single nucleotide polymophisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with IL-16 plasma levels. High plasma levels of IL-16 were associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in women, compared to women with low levels of circulating IL-16. None of the SNPs were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. One of the identified SNPs was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality during the 20-year follow-up period. (V) In a retrospective case-control study, including individuals suffering from diabetes, IL-16 was 50% elevated in individuals whom also suffered from cardiovascular complications compared to the individuals only suffering from diabetes. Plasma levels of IL-16 were associated with surrogate markers of atherosclerosis which was further supported by SNP analysis.<br/>Conclusion - IL-16 in plasma did not display associations to a decreased risk of cardiovascular events in a prospective population-based study, rather the opposite. We have presented supporting evidence of a protective role of IL-16 in severe and experimental atherosclerosis, reinforced by the associations between high IL-16 levels and increasing amounts of stabilizing factors in the atherosclerotic plaque. We also present supporting evidence, in an experimental setting, for an anti-inflammatory role and plaque burden limiting role of IL-16. The data presented within this thesis warrants further investigation of the plaque stabilizing properties of IL-16 in severe atherosclerosis and the role of IL-16 in promoting anti-inflammatory mediators.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8b360c0d-750e-4aab-a0da-0070a41f8a6c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/7723977/Caitriona_G_webb_kappa_1.pdf application/pdf 3075392 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Interleukin 16 (IL-16), atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, Immune system, cytokine, carotid plaque, Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) 978-91-7619-301-3 86 2016-06-09T09:00:00+02:00 8b360c0d-750e-4aab-a0da-0070a41f8a6c 2016-05-20T06:41:47+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z 2016-05-20T06:41:47+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3931b239-4667-4d9c-8c52-f00a951c40fb 2025-10-21T11:04:12Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 MARIA BATUROVA author a6073a45-38ba-40d1-b6dd-c79796e62d51 Pyotr Platonov supervisor 34e8b8e8-655b-42c0-a2ac-399d8fda35b9 Arne Lindgren supervisor cac5c721-1dd9-475c-a08b-8db36fc040a6 professor Jens Cosedis Nielsen opponent Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Cardiology v1000432 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3931b239-4667-4d9c-8c52-f00a951c40fb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8010777/Baturova_full_thesis.pdf application/pdf 4720944 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, ECG, anticoagulation Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-286-3 73 2016-05-13T09:00:00+02:00 3931b239-4667-4d9c-8c52-f00a951c40fb 2016-05-21T09:07:43+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:12Z 2016-05-21T09:07:43+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e7b6bea8-8005-424d-9b03-895feba4da97 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Martin Hansson author 0a8752c9-4857-45c0-90a5-34277b0fa3fd Professor Stefan Karsch opponent Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany Atomic Physics v1000622 department Experimental studies of laser-driven acceleration of charged particles, in particular electrons and protons, are described in this dissertation. Tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses with intensities exceeding 10¹⁸W/cm² were used to accelerate charged particles to high energies over distances of a few millimeters. Although the transverse fields of such laser pulses are sufficient to directly accelerate electrons to relativistic energies, the direction of the fields changes rapidly. Thus, direct acceleration using the electromagnetic fields of such laser pulses is not suitable for generating beams of charged particles. Instead, the directed electric fields that are generated in the interaction between the laser pulses and plasmas can be used to accelerate particles to high energies.<br> <br> The laser wakefield acceleration technique is based on the excitation of a plasma wave by a laser pulse that propagates through an underdense plasma. Electric fields on the order of 100 MV/mm, directed along the optical axis, are associated with the plasma wave with a wavelength on the order of 10 µm. A short pulse of electrons, with a length of only a fraction of the plasma wavelength, may be accelerated in the wave to several hundreds of megaelectron-volts. Simultaneously, strong electric fields act as a radially restoring force on the electrons undergoing acceleration, which therefore perform transverse oscillations. This leads to the generation of X-rays with energies on the order of a kiloelectron-volt in a beam directed along the optical axis, with an opening angle on the order of a hundred milliradians. <br> <br> The physical processes involved in laser wakefield acceleration are highly nonlinear, and the resulting beams of electrons are therefore sensitive to small fluctuations in the properties of the laser pulses, and to density variations in the plasma. Controlling the amount of charge in the electron bunches and the energy of the electrons is crucial to increase the possibility of using laser wakefield accelerators in practical applications. One step towards stable generation of beams of electrons using laser wakefield accelerators is to control the location at which the electrons are trapped in the accelerator and, at the same time, control the number of trapped electrons. This dissertation describes studies on different methods of controlled trapping of electrons in laser wakefields. The methods described include trapping triggered by plasma density modulations, trapping of tightly bound electrons released by photoionization, and trapping triggered by beating of electrons in the beat wave generated by two colliding laser pulses.<br> <br> The properties of the electron beams generated using different trapping techniques are then compared. The experimental studies showed that both the amount of charge and the electron energy distribution can be controlled using any one of these methods, and that shot-to-shot fluctuations in charge and peak electron energy below 10 % and 5 %, respectively, can be achieved. The target-normal sheath acceleration technique for proton and positive ion acceleration is based on the interaction between a focused femtosecond laser pulse and a micrometer-thick metallic foil. The surface of the foil is irradiated by a laser pulse at an intensity above 10¹⁹W/cm². Electrons heated in the interaction between the laser pulse and the plasma formed on the foil surface are driven through the foil and exit from the rear side. The resulting charge separation leads to an electric sheath field of the order of TV/m, which is quasi-static on the time scale of a few picoseconds. Contaminants, typically water molecules and hydrocarbon compounds, on the rear surface of foil, are ionized in the strong field and the positive ions, predominantly protons because of their high charge-to-mass ratio, are accelerated toward the electrons. <br> <br> Studies on spatial shaping of the proton beams generated in this process are described in the Appendix of this dissertation. The shape of the sheath field on the rear side of the foil was manipulated by modifying the profile of the laser pulse irradiating the foil. The divergence of the beam of protons generated using this technique could be decreased by splitting the laser beam, and irradiating the foil using two spatially separated pulses. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e7b6bea8-8005-424d-9b03-895feba4da97 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8643792/Hansson_Dissertation_2016.pdf application/pdf 33116125 no 2016-05-23 swe Laser Wakefield Acceleration Trapping Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Hansson Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics 978-91-7623-806-6 978-91-7623-807-3 216 2016-06-17T10:15:00+02:00 e7b6bea8-8005-424d-9b03-895feba4da97 2016-05-23T11:16:24+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-23T11:16:24+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e40111ee-9c0d-4bc6-bace-801c2dd43855 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre I, lecture hall “Världen”, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Jonas Dalmayne author 4a253418-8012-4c96-a622-9c6c5bc19731 Karin Hall supervisor 95d5e5d2-d29b-4da2-82d7-e048c50a97a0 Honor C Prentice supervisor 610306d8-3fb1-4409-8c66-937c9dea5378 Jonas Ardö supervisor bd5ad253-9990-4613-afee-e94f24e17400 Dr. Nathalie Pettorelli opponent Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department In this thesis, I explore the relationships between structural and compositional landscape properties, and species diversity, using remotely sensed data on a variety of spatial scales. The thesis shows that increased landscape heterogeneity, measured using environmental and spectral variables that were used both separately and combined, is generally positively related to plant species richness. I further found that plant species richness could be predicted with &lt;20% deviance in species numbers, in approximately 80% of the study area within the province of Scania, using a combination of environmental and spectral descriptors of landscape heterogeneity. Further, I used Landsat satellite data, aided by ancillary data on topography and a spectral proxy of seasonal variation in vegetation phenology, to classify historical (ca 1975) and contemporary (ca 2001) land-cover data within the province of Scania, with +85% accuracy. The produced land use/land cover (LULC) data showed correlations with levels of plant species richness, with the proportion of cropland generally being negatively correlated to levels of plant species richness, and the proportion of LULC classes such as grazed grassland, wetland and deciduous forest being positively correlated to levels of plant species richness. Further, the positive change between the historical and contemporary landscapes in the proportion of deciduous forest, and in the number of unique LULC patches, were positively correlated with contemporary levels of plant species richness. I modeled the importance of non-crop habitat types for plant species richness within the province of Scania, and showed that for the promotion of plant species richness, the most wide-spread non-crop LULC types were most important within the most simplified landscapes, while the amount of non-crop small biotopes were most important in more complex landscapes.In a series of studies on grazed grasslands on the Baltic island of Öland, I showed that dissimilarity in Worldview-2 satellite spectral reflectance was related to plant species dissimilarity within a set of grassland plots, and then used spectral dissimilarity to predict levels of plant species richness in other grassland plots. I used HySpex hyperspectral aerial reflectance data to predict plant species diversity (species richness and Simpson’s diversity), using the full range of wavebands and also using a reduced set of wavebands. Finally, I classified grassland plots into age classes using reflectance data from the HySpex hyperspectral sensor, and achieved better classification results when using a reduced set of wavebands compared to using the full range of wavebands.In summary, the findings of this thesis demonstrate that remote sensing and GIS-based methods can be useful tools in the monitoring of cultural landscapes, because of their combined ability to model landscape properties and relate those measures to species diversity, at a range of spatial scales and within a range of habitats. Kulturlandskapet är starkt knutet till människan och hennes aktiviteter. Flera tusen år av samspel mellan människa och natur har skapat landskap som definierar levnadsvillkoren för en mångfald av arter. Men när samhället förändras, förändras även kulturlandskapet. De forna årtusendenas långsamma och gradvisa förändringar har accelererats av människans teknologiska framsteg. I södra Sverige har jordbruksreformer, konstgödsel, modernt skogsbruk och urbanisering omvandlat kulturlandskapet på bara 200 år. Men mycket av biodiversiteten i landskapet är format av och beroende av habitat, landskapsstruktur och skötsel som de såg ut för 200 år sedan. För att kunna bevara så mycket som möjligt av vår biodiversitet måste vi övervaka kulturlandskapet och nya kostnadseffektiva, storskaliga metoder måste tas fram för att underlätta bevarandearbetet. Att övervaka och samla in data över kulturlandskapet med hjälp av satellit- och flygbaserade sensorer (fjärranalys) och behandla dessa data i datormiljö, kan vara nyckeln till ett effektivt övervakningssystem.<br> I denna avhandling undersöker jag framförallt kopplingarna mellan artrikedomen av växter och kulturlandskapets egenskaper, med hjälp av datorbaserad behandling av flyg- och satellitdata, samt statistisk modellering. Jag har med hjälp av satellitdata och officiell rumslig och statistisk data utfört tre studier i delar av Skåne, med målsättningen att kunna koppla heterogeniteten i landskapet och landskapets sammansättning vad gäller markanvändning, till nivåer av artrikedom av växter. Med hjälp av högupplöst satellitdata och hyperspektral flygdata har jag även genomfört tre studier i ett gräsmarksområde på Öland, där jag har undersökt kopplingarna mellan betade gräsmarkers spektrala reflektans och deras växtdiversitet, samt möjligheterna att åldersklassificera betade gräsmarker med hjälp av deras spektrala signaturer.<br> I den första studien baserad i Skåne visade jag att landskapets heterogenitet, uppmätt med mått från officiell Svensk Marktäckedata (rumsliga mått) och heterogeniteten i den spektrala reflektansen från Landsat-satellitdata (spektrala mått), är kopplad till artrikedomen av växter. Jag visade också att kopplingen mellan artrikedom av växter och uppmätt landskapsheterogenitet är särskilt stark om man kombinerar rumsliga och spektrala mått. Med hjälp av kombinationer av rumsliga och spektrala heterogenitetsmått lyckades jag sedan bygga modeller som förutsade artrikedomen av växter med &lt;20% felmarginal i ca 80% av studieområdet.<br> I den andra studien baserad i Skåne skapade jag först historisk (1975) och nutida (2001) markanvändningsdata, baserad på Landsat-satellitdata, officiell höjddata, samt årstidsskillnader i ett spektralt baserat mått på växtlighetens fenologi. Jag visade sedan att både historisk och nutida markanvändning och landskapsheterogenitet är kopplade till nutida artrikedom av växter. Jag visade att proportionen åkermark i landskapet var negativt kopplad till artrikedom av växter, medan proportionerna av våtmark, lövskog och betesmark generellt var positivt kopplade till växternas artrikedom. Jag visade också att en ökning i proportionen av lövskog mellan det historiska och nutida landskapet kan påverka artrikedomen av växter positivt och att detta också gällde när heterogeniteten i landskapet ökade. I den tredje studien i Skåne visade jag att artrikedomen av växter i landskap som är enkla i sin sammansättning och heterogenitet, bäst förklarades av proportionerna av de vanligaste markanvändningsklasserna som inte var åker. Jag visade även att i de mest komplexa landskapen så var det mängden av småbiotoper (t.ex. märgelgravar, häckar, vägrenar) inom landskapet som förklarade artrikedomen av växter bäst.<br> I den första av studierna på Öland visade jag att skillnader mellan betade gräsmarker i deras spektrala signaturer, uppmätta med data från Worldview-2-satelliten, var kopplade till skillnader i deras artsammansättning av växter. Jag förutsade även skillnader i gräsmarkernas artsammansättning av växter genom att mäta skillnaderna i deras spektrala signaturer. I den andra studien på Öland använde jag data från den hyperspektrala flygbaserade sensorn HySpex för att förutsäga artdiversitet (artrikedom och Simpson’s index) av växter inom betade gräsmarker. Jag visade att de bästa resultaten kom när man använde samtliga 245 spektrala band för att mäta gräsmarkernas reflektans. I den tredje studien på Öland använde jag återigen data från HySpex-sensorn för att klassificera betade gräsmarker i tre olika åldersklasser (5-15 år, 16-50 år och &gt;50 år). Det bästa resultatet fick jag när jag började med att välja ut de spektrala band (177 band) som var viktigast för att kunna särskilja åldersklasserna.<br> Sammanfattningsvis så visar mina resultat att metoder baserade på fjärranalys och GIS (geografiska informationssystem) kan vara mycket användbara verktyg för att effektivt kunna övervaka biodiversitet inom kulturlandskapet. Detta både genom deras förmåga att modellera landskapets struktur och sammansättning och genom deras förmåga att relatera dessa modeller till faktisk biodiversitet i ett brett spektrum av rumsliga skalor, habitat och landskap. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e40111ee-9c0d-4bc6-bace-801c2dd43855 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8064661/Monitoring_biodiversity_in_cultural_landscapes.pdf application/pdf 10021533 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2016 eng Remote sensing statistical modeling spatial scales partial least squares support vector machines grazed grasslands LULC HySpex Worldview-2 Landsat heterogeneity landscape complexity plant species diversity Natural Sciences 978-91-85793-57-0 225 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8064659/Kappa.pdf application/pdf 2016-06-17T10:00:00+02:00 e40111ee-9c0d-4bc6-bace-801c2dd43855 2016-05-23T12:01:07+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-23T12:01:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c0e93a10-c07c-4ecc-ac26-72cc82b5983c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre II, lecture hall "Pangea", Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Mimmi Nilsson author ca709c3f-655f-4d0b-9efb-27e1e8716144 Ulf Söderlund supervisor b273f2e6-6b92-4672-ac6d-ebf329fe3aea Anders Scherstén supervisor e02ca9d2-de6d-41dd-90d2-51331f8dcde8 Richard Ernst supervisor Martin Klausen supervisor Professor Larry Heaman opponent Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada Lithosphere and Biosphere Science v1000635 department Earth history is punctuated by a series of events of supercontinent amalgamation and break-up. Fragments of old continents display rifted margins and orogenic sutures that testify their involvement in supercontinent cycles. Periods of break-up are associated with widespread magmatism due to extensional thinning and rifting of the lithosphere and in some instances the arrival of mantle plumes. Mantle plumes are thought to, at least in part, be responsible for Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs for short), voluminous short-lived outburst of mafic magmatism, whose products are continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus, layered intrusions, sills and dykes. While continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus are sensitive to subsequent erosion and subduction, the plumbing system of LIPs comprising deep-seated intrusions, sills and dykes have a high preservation potential. Thus, these events should be possible to trace back in time through multiple supercontinent cycles. LIPs typically have temporal scales of a few million years, but spatial scales of several hundred to thousand kilometers. After break-up and subsequent ocean basin opening, the products of LIPs may end up on different continents. Ancient crustal fragments, or cratons, have experienced a number of magmatic events, and thus have their individual record. Cratons that were once adjacent in a single landmass should share a part of their magmatic record during the interval of time they were connected. Because mafic rocks contains trace amounts of baddeleyite (ZrO2), and because baddeleyite incorporate abundant uranium but only neglible amounts of lead in its crystal structure, we can age determine mafic intrusions using U-Pb geochronology. H Date: 2016-05-16 ence, we can elucidate these events, craton by craton, and compare them to each other. Multiple individual age matches between different cratons suggest a common ancestry in a supercontinent or supercraton. In addition, dyke swarms provide geometric information as they often display radiating or parallel patterns. Fragments of ancient supercontinents or larger landmasses can thus theoretically be reconstructed by comparing geometry of dyke swarm matches in the magmatic record. My PhD-project has been focused on Paleoproterozoic mafic dykes from the present-day southern Greenland part of the Archean North Atlantic Craton (NAC). Precise U-Pb baddeleyite age determinations of multiple events of dyke emplacement are presented in this thesis at ca. 2500, 2375−2365, 2215−2210, 2165−2160, 2125 and 2050−2020 Ma. This magmatic record show temporal correlations with a number of Archaean cratons worldwide, and notably share multiple matches with Superior and Dharwar cratons in present day Canada and India, respectively. A tentative paleoreconstruction of possible cratonic configurations of North Atlantic, Superior and Dharwar cratons during the time interval 2.37−2.17 Ga is presented in the context of supercraton Superia. Ett antal superkontinenter har existerat under jordens 4.6 Ga ( miljarder år gamla ) historia. Utav dessa är superkontinenten Pangea, som betyder ”allt land”, den senaste och mest väldefinierade. Bildning och uppsprickning av superkontinenter drivs av plattektoniska processer som i sin tur beror på strömningar ( konvektion ) i jordens mantel. Förutom dessa processer så anses numera mantelplymer ha haft betydelse för uppsprickning av superkontinenter. Dessa kan ses som uppvälvning av varmt material från jordens inre som rör sig uppåt tills de kommer i kontakt med jordens yttre hårda skal – litosfären. Då detta sker kommer sprickor bildas i litosfären längs vilka magmor kan röra sig mot ytan och där orsaka omfattande vulkanism. Det är idag allmänt accepterat att ett antal mantelplymer var involverade i Pangeas uppsprickning. Magma från jordens inre kan tränga upp genom berggrunden och kristallisera som diabasgångar med olika geometrier, såsom parallella eller radierande svärmar. Större magmatiska händelser som leder till uppsprickning av kontinenter är ofta relaterade till s.k. mantelplymer och ger upphov till radierande gånggeometrier. Det finns ett antal superkontinenter före Pangea som idag är mer eller mindre vedertagna: 0.6–1.1 Ga Rodinia och 1.3–1.8 Ga Columbia. Mycket tyder på att det också funnits en äldre superkontinent. Fragment från denna äldsta kontinentala landmassa återfinns idag som ca. 35 lithosfärfragment utspridda över jordens yta. Ett av dessa fragment utgörs av södra Grönlands berggrund tillsammans med en del av nordöstra Kanada ( Nain province ) samt Lewisian Complex i nuvarande Skottland. Förekomsten av diabas gångar utgör spår av yngre episoder av magmatiska händelser. Diabas innehåller ofta små mängder av mineralet baddeleyit, som går att åldersbestämma med U–Pb metoden, genom att uran sönderfaller till bly med känd hastighet. Genom att mäta halterna av olika uran- och blyisotoper kan man beräkna åldern för dessa episoder av magmatism. Varje kontinentalt fragment har således en egen ”magmatisk historia”, som går att visualisera i ett så kallat streckkodsdiagram. Streckkodsdiagrammet tillåter oss att jämföra tidpunkterna för dessa magmatiska händelser och utifrån dessa jämförelser kunna utvärdera vilka kontinentala fragment som en gång satt ihop i en större landmassa. I mitt doktorandarbete har jag åldersbestämt diabasgångar från sydvästra och sydöstra Grönland ( arkeiska provinsen North Atlantic Craton ). Ett stort antal generationer av diabasgångar har identifierats tack vare dessa nya åldersbestämningar och deras åldrar är ca. 2.5 Ga, 2.37 Ga, 2.21 Ga, 2.17 Ga, 2.13 Ga och 2.04 Ga. Streckkodsdiagram för Grönland visar att flera likåldriga diabasgenerationer också finns i Dharwar craton i nutida södra Indien samt i Superior Craton i Kanada. I denna avhandling presenterar jag en rekonstruktion över dessa kontinenters möjliga lägen relativt varandra. Min hypotes utifrån dessa resultat är att dessa tre landmassor kan ha suttit i en större landmassa kallad Superia. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c0e93a10-c07c-4ecc-ac26-72cc82b5983c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8117738/Mimmi_Nilsson_E_pub_webb.pdf application/pdf 1636754 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Lithosphere and Biosphere Science 2016 eng baddeleyit U-Pb geokronologi large igneous province mantelplym superkontinent paleorekonstruktion North Atlantic craton baddeleyite Large Igneous Province Mantle plume supercontinent paleoreconstruction U-Pb geochronology North Atlantic craton Geology Geochemistry 1651-6648 978-91-87847-21-9 978-91-87847-22-6 27 104 2016-06-17T13:00:00+02:00 c0e93a10-c07c-4ecc-ac26-72cc82b5983c 2016-05-23T12:23:52+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-23T12:23:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:23dc5452-9ec7-436f-a477-dea9be4c5de1 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published room U202, Campus Helsingborg 1 Jacob Stenberg author c141765c-76c3-4dea-9def-973db3a39d71 Jesper Falkheimer supervisor a65e349e-dd41-4a53-aa0e-1e91700f97ad Charlotte Simonsson supervisor eae14dee-4517-45e0-9520-8191c8d0ab7f Tobias Linné supervisor 6b17324e-2a5f-4071-9791-e09be6c5babb Associate Professor Lee Edwards opponent University of Leeds Department of Strategic Communication v1000683 department Government agencies in Sweden are experiencing a communicative turn where notions concerning branding, image and identity have become standardized tools and concerns. Public relations, with its focus on persuasion and creating relations with external actors, is part of this communicative turn. This book is concerned with how government agencies practice political public relations in a more communicatively orientated political landscape. By describing and analyzing two government agencies’ public relations work, this dissertation aims to understand how contemporary agencies use persuasion and the management of external relations in order to promote political issues and the political and democratic implications these practices may subsequently have. In the post-financial crisis of 2008, innovation emerged as a political issue on many government agencies’ agendas. Public relations practices were implemented by government agencies on an unprecedented scale in order to promote innovation issues. Considering this increase, I have labeled innovation a political hype. By applying a multiple case study, this dissertation follows the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications and the Swedish Institute’s public relations work in their promotion of innovation issues. These two organizations are used as a window through which to perceive the public relations practices government agencies in Sweden at large have at their disposal. The multiple case study approach was fruitful, as it provided this study with two different cases by which to perceive government agencies’ public relations. Two methods were employed for gathering the empirical material. Twentysix qualitative interviews were conducted with the government agencies’ employees, all of whom were responsible for public relations practices. A targeted sampling of government documents (directives, meeting protocols, strategies, policies, SOUs) that were created by the agencies in order to facilitate and enable their public relations practices were collected and analyzed. This dissertation employs an interdisciplinary framework, where sociology and cultural researchers (Michel Foucault, Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose, Barbara Czarniawska, amongst others) are fused with critical public relations researchers (Jacquie L’Etang, Lee Edwards, Judy Motion, Shirley Leitch, amongst others).<br/><br/>The dissertation makes a number of findings that are of interest to public relations research. First, the research shows some of the discursive shifts that have made public relations practices into feasible concerns for the two government agencies. Second, looking at these shifts discloses the role networks have come to play for government agencies. These networks can be beneficial, but also asymmetrical in terms of power relations. Third, my findings suggest that political issues are selected based on what I call their “communicative appeal”. This dissertation thus introduces the term “PR-ization” of government agencies’ as a way of capturing this, something that has political and potentially even democratic implications. Fourth, my findings reveal some of the unforeseen aspects of public relations. Fifth, political hypes are not innocent, but assemble actors and distribute resources unevenly. The political and democratic implications of these findings are discussed. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/23dc5452-9ec7-436f-a477-dea9be4c5de1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8600040/Jacob_Stenberg_webb1.pdf application/pdf 12838290 no Lund University 2016-06-17 eng public relations Strategic Communication Governmentality discourse government communication government agencies Public relations political public relations critical public relations strategic communication discourse governmentality government communication political hype government agencies Media and Communication Studies 978-91-7623-737-3 978-91-7623-738-0 266 2016-06-17T13:00:00+02:00 23dc5452-9ec7-436f-a477-dea9be4c5de1 2016-05-23T16:09:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-23T16:09:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:009c24c5-af87-44b0-a075-ba11602f5d85 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Nafiseh Seyed Mazloum author 0bf4cbb3-d6c0-4568-b989-2a849082443e Ove Edfors supervisor c7b41831-7669-4888-b911-5d8a270dba48 Assistant Professor Sofie Pollin opponent KU Leuven, Belgium Department of Electrical and Information Technology v1000242 department In sensor network applications with low traffic intensity, idle channel listening is one of the main sources of energy waste.<br/>The use of a dedicated low-power wake-up receiver (WRx) which utilizes duty-cycled channel listening can significantly<br/>reduce idle listening energy cost. In this thesis such a scheme is introduced and it is called DCW-MAC, an acronym for<br/>duty-cycled wake-up receiver based medium access control.<br/>We develop the concept in several steps, starting with an investigation into the properties of these schemes under idealized<br/>conditions. This analysis show that DCW-MAC has the potential to significantly reduce energy costs, compared to two<br/>established reference schemes based only on low-power wake up receivers or duty-cycled listening. Findings motivate<br/>further investigations and more detailed analysis of energy consumption. We do this in two separate steps, first concentrating<br/>on the energy required to transmit wake-up beacons and later include all energy costs in the analysis. The more complete<br/>analysis makes it possible to optimize wake-up beacons and other DCW-MAC parameters, such as sleep and listen intervals,<br/>for minimal energy consumption. This shows how characteristics of the wake-up receiver influence how much, and if, energy<br/>can be saved and what the resulting average communication delays are. Being an analysis based on closed form expressions,<br/>rather than simulations, we can derive and verify good approximations of optimal energy consumption and resulting average<br/>delays, making it possible to quickly evaluate how a different wake-up receiver characteristic influences what is possible to<br/>achieve in different scenarios.<br/>In addition to the direct optimizations of the DCW-MAC scheme, we also provide a proof-of-concept in 65 nm CMOS,<br/>showing that the digital base-band needed to implement DCW-MAC has negligible energy consumption compared to many<br/>low-power analog front-ends in literature. We also propose a a simple frame-work for comparing the relative merits of<br/>analog front-ends for wake-up receivers, where we use the experiences gained about DCW-MAC energy consumption to<br/>provide a simple relation between wake-up receiver/analog front-end properties and energy consumption for wide ranges of<br/>scenario parameters. Using this tool it is possible to compare analog front-ends used in duty-cycled wake-up schemes, even<br/>if they are originally designed for different scenarios.<br/>In all, the thesis presents a new wake-up receiver scheme for low-power wireless sensor networks and provide a comprehensive<br/>analysis of many of its important properties. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/009c24c5-af87-44b0-a075-ba11602f5d85 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8033505/thesis_main_document_signed.pdf application/pdf 5639825 no Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University 2016 eng Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-842-4 978-91-7623-843-1 2016-06-16T10:15:00+02:00 009c24c5-af87-44b0-a075-ba11602f5d85 2016-05-24T09:37:08+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-24T09:37:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5ecb59ee-1216-422c-9278-73efc04025e7 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Anshelmsalen 1 Ludvig Hallberg author e3f5e887-9846-4c47-9a30-1c406c8fea5c Åsa Westrin supervisor 51492e32-2e76-4bc1-aeae-1f00f400bb26 Lena Brundin supervisor 19f59226-e3d5-4acd-b62c-502e789a8346 Shorena Janelidze supervisor bea0f058-9449-4542-8089-ffac68057275 Cecilie Bay-Richter supervisor bce3a604-cb0a-44cd-b330-a89c0823f552 Professor Jussi Jokinen opponent Umeå University Psychiatry (Lund) v1000459 department A number of biological systems have been studied in the past in an attempt to find the underlying cause of<br/><br> anxiety and depression. The main aim of the work described in this thesis was to investigate the importance of<br/><br> inflammation and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in relation to anxiety and depression.<br/><br> The methods used ranged from studying patients to preclinical animal experiments. In Study I the RAAS was<br/><br> investigated in depressed patients who had recently attempted suicide, in depressed patients without a history<br/><br> of attempted suicide, and in healthy controls. Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated with the Comprehensive<br/><br> Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Study II investigated the change in plasma cytokines in depressed<br/><br> patients and healthy controls during an exercise test. In Study III, the behavioural changes of rats treated with<br/><br> the systemic inflammation inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with aldosterone were<br/><br> investigated. Cytokine and cytokine mRNA concentrations were measured in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)<br/><br> and the prefrontal cortex. Depressive-like behaviour in the animals was assessed using the forced swim test.<br/><br> Study IV investigated depression and anxiety disorders, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric<br/><br> Interview (M.I.N.I.), in patients with suspected renal artery stenosis (RAS) in which the RAAS is overactive.<br/><br> The main findings of this work were:<br/><br> Depressed patients who had recently attempted suicide had significantly lower levels of aldosterone than<br/><br> depressed patients without a history of suicide attempts and healthy controls. In the depressed patients who<br/><br> had recently attempted suicide, a significant, negative correlation was found between aldosterone level and<br/><br> the reported CPRS score.<br/><br> The baseline levels of cytokines did not differ significantly between the depressed patients and the healthy<br/><br> controls. The cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α increased during the exercise test in both the depressed patients<br/><br> and the healthy controls. The initial decrease in IL-6 was significantly smaller in the depressed patients than in<br/><br> the healthy controls.<br/><br> The treatment of rats with LPS increased the level of mRNA for IL-1β in the prefrontal cortex. Both treatment<br/><br> with aldosterone and LPS increased the concentration of IL-1β in CSF. Aldosterone treatment also increased<br/><br> the concentration of IL-6 in serum, and depressive-like behaviour. A positive correlation was found between<br/><br> depressive-like behaviour and IL-1β, TNF-α and CINC-1 levels in CSF.<br/><br> Eighteen of the 59 patients invited to participate in the research study at the vascular centre agreed to undergo<br/><br> a psychiatric examination. Fifty-six per cent of the examined patients met the DSM-IV criteria for a current<br/><br> anxiety disorder, 11 % met the DSM-IV criteria for current episode of depression, and 16.6 % had attempted<br/><br> suicide at least once in the past.<br/><br> Conclusions: The findings presented in this thesis support the hypotheses that dysregulation of the RAAS<br/><br> may be involved in the underlying cause of depression and possible also anxiety. Furthermore, it appears that<br/><br> RAAS induces inflammation which, in itself, appears to induce symptoms of depression. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5ecb59ee-1216-422c-9278-73efc04025e7 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8032617/8871754.pdf application/pdf 6714009 no Faculty of Medicine, Lund University 2016 swe depression anxiety suicide renin aldosterone inflammation exercise Psychiatry 978-91-7619-289-4 8871753 2016-05-20T13:00:00+02:00 5ecb59ee-1216-422c-9278-73efc04025e7 2016-05-24T10:03:35+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-24T10:03:35+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:10e5c6f7-6f5c-47dc-b74a-e6b931aef43c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lund Observatory, Lundmark Lecture hall, Sölvegatan 27, Lund 1 Johan Relefors author cd20f5cb-0501-4d41-b08a-a9dc8d2f1508 Johan Bijnens supervisor 931f5c36-dd4a-409c-9926-ea150c50685d Professor Joan Soto opponent University of Barcelona, Spain Theoretical Particle Physics v1000645 department In this thesis we use effective field thory methods and models for low energy QCD in two different contexts. One is direct calculation of contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, muon g-2. The other is estimates of systematic sources of uncertainty in lattice QCD simulations. The work is presented in five papers. Papers II, IV and V describe calculations for muon g-2 and papers I, III and V contain estimates of various systematic effects in lattice QCD simulations.<br/><br/>Paper I deals with the use of twisted boundary conditions. Using chpt we calculate one loop effects of twisted boundary conditions for a number of different observables. Furthermore, we show how the direction dependence of masses, which shows up when using twisted boundary conditions, should be taken into account in order to fulfill Ward identities.<br/><br/>Twisted boundary conditions together with other effects are considered in papers III and V as well. In paper V we use partially twisted partially quenched chpt at two loops to estimate the systematic uncertainties in hadronic vacuum polarization which is relevant for muon g-2. In paper III we estimate systematic uncertainties for K_l3 decays, which are relevant for the CKM matrix element V_us, using partially twisted partially quenched rooted staggered chpt at one loop. <br/><br/>In paper II we use several different models to compute the pion loop contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering. Most models are inspired by vector meson dominance but we try to go beyond that and include also the lightest axial vector meson, a₁. We also present an estimate of the ratio of disconnected to connected contributions to hadronic light-by-light scattering relevant for lattice QCD. <br/><br/>In paper IV we use chpt to estimate the ratio between disconnected and connected contributions to hadronic vacuum polarization. This was studied in earlier work at one loop. We give an underlying reason for their result and show that the ratio holds for a large part of the higher loop corrections. We also discuss corrections to the ratio.<br/> Inom fysik försöker vi beskriva naturfenomen med matematiska modeller. Beroende på vilket system som ska beskrivas är olika modeller relevanta. På väldigt långa avstånd är gravitation den viktigaste kraften. Till exempel så beskrivs solsystemets dynamik av gravitation. På de kortaste avstånd som människan lyckats studera är det istället den elektromagnetiska, den svaga och den starka kraften som är viktigast. Till exempel så är det den elektromagnetiska kraften som binder negativt laddade elektroner vid positivt laddade atomkärnor, den svaga kraften som leder till neutronsönderfall och den starka kraften som sammanbinder kvarkar till neutroner och protoner.<br/><br/>Som tur är för naturvetenskapen så behöver vi nästan aldrig ta hänsyn till alla fyra krafterna. I praktiken så beskriver fysiken istället fenomen med hjälp av modeller som fångar det som är intressant för det system som studeras. Till exempel så beskrivs den kraft som håller samman atomkärnor ofta med potentialer mellan protoner och neutroner. Den underliggande fysiken domineras i det här fallet av den starka kraften men för att effektivt beskriva systemet så används en annan modell. Detta är en approximation som är användbar så länge växelverkan inte studeras vid alltför små avstånd. Generellt så kan man säga att vilka krafter och vilka andra frihetsgrader som är viktiga beror på typiska avstånd i det system som studeras.<br/><br/>Inom partikelfysik så studeras partiklar på korta avstånd där den elektromagnetiska, den svaga och den starka kraften dominerar. Dessa krafter beskriver växelverkan mellan elementarpartiklar. Elementarpartiklar är partiklar som, enligt vår nuvarande kunskap, inte går att dela upp i mindre beståndsdelar. Hur de olika krafterna påverkar elementarpartiklarna beror på partiklarnas laddningar. Till exempel så har en elektron elektromagnetisk och svag laddning, vilket ofta beskrivs som att elektronen växelverkar elektromagnetiskt och svagt. Den gällande beskrivningen av elementarpartiklar och deras växelverkan via den elektromagnetiska, svaga och starka kraften är Standardmodellen.<br/><br/>Ett mål inom partikelfysik är att beskriva alla fyra krafterna inom en och samma teori. Standardmodellen beskriver inte gravitation och måste således utökas för att nå detta mål. Det finns också astronomiska observationer som tyder på att det finns mörk materia som inte har någon naturlig förklaring inom Standardmodellen. För att nå vidare i strävan efter en mer komplett modell så behövs det observationer som Standardmodellen inte kan beskriva.<br/><br/>Ett sätt att testa Standardmodellen är att kollidera partiklar vid allt högre energier i hopp om att se spår av nya tunga partiklar. Ett annat sätt är att förbättra precisionen i teori och experiment vid lägre energier. Hittills okända partiklar kan påverka värdet av fysikaliska storheter vid låga energier genom kvanteffekter. En utmaning för sådan precisionsfysik är att det inte finns analytiska metoder för att göra beräkningar som involverar den starka kraften, som den beskrivs i Standardmodellen, vid låga energier.<br/><br/>En mycket vanlig analytisk metod, som inte fungerar för den starka kraften vid låga energier, är störningsräkning. I störningsräkning så utgår vi från en modell där vi kan göra beräkningar. Effekter som hindrar exakta beräkningar tas med som små störningar runt denna modell. För att detta ska vara en bra approximation så måste störningen vara liten, vilket inte är fallet för den starka växelverkan vid låga energier. Vid låga energier så är den starka kraften så stark att alla partiklar som har stark laddning, så kallad färgladdning, bildar bundna tillstånd. Dessa bundna tillstånd är färgneutrala, inga färgladdade tillstånd observeras.<br/><br/>För att göra förutsägelser vid låg energi så kan man använda störningsräkning för bundna tillstånd. Detta är en approximation som är användbar vid tillräckligt låga energier. I avhandlingen används denna typ av störningsräkning för att göra precisionsberäkningar av en del av myonens, en tyngre version av elektronen, växelverkan med magnetfält. Detta är en mycket precist uppmätt storhet och det finns sedan länge en skillnad mellan förutsägelser från Standardmodellen och det experimentella värdet. I våra beräkningar så försöker vi ta hänsyn till fler effekter än tidigare och gör en uppskattning av värdet genom att jämföra många olika modeller.<br/><br/>Ett annat sätt att göra beräkningar med den starka kraften vid låga energier är att göra numeriska beräkningar. I dessa simuleringar så ersätts rumtiden med ett gitter i en ändlig volym. Fysikaliska storheter som bestäms med denna metod har både statistiska och systematiska fel. För att uppskatta vissa systematiska fel så är återigen störningsräkning med bundna tillstånd användbart. Då de systematiska felen domineras av lätta tillstånd så är det möjligt för oss att använda kiral störningsräkning, en mycket väl underbyggd modell, för att göra dessa uppskattningar.<br/><br/>I avhandlingen använder vi kiral störningsräkning för att uppskatta systematiska fel för gitterberäkningar relevanta för myonens växelverkan med magnetfält samt för svag växelverkan mellan bundna tillstånd, så kallade formfaktorer. Precis som med myonens växelverkan med magnetfält så används formfaktorer för att testa Standardmodellen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/10e5c6f7-6f5c-47dc-b74a-e6b931aef43c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13047264/ThesisFinal.pdf application/pdf 2366684 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics 2016 eng Chiral perturbation theory Twisted boundary conditions Phenomenological models Muon g-2 Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Relefors Subatomic Physics 978-91-7623-975-9 978-91-7623-976-6 205 2016-10-21T13:00:00+02:00 10e5c6f7-6f5c-47dc-b74a-e6b931aef43c 2016-09-26T15:09:59+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-26T15:09:59+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:14ada58e-2274-4be4-a809-019fa3cbc02d 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Catharina Borna author 213147ed-d0c4-4a88-9692-dc5724f3cac2 Ulf Ekelund supervisor 11b734f2-cfd9-43bb-a0be-334717b34eee David Erlinge supervisor a19c7e47-1a4a-4dae-8606-2af13ddabf7a professor Hans Kirkegaard opponent Århus Medicine/Emergency Medicine, Lund v1000435 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/14ada58e-2274-4be4-a809-019fa3cbc02d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13049288/Borna_avh_media_160629.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 2123388 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng chest pain acute coronary syndrome High sensitivity troponin emergency department Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-321-1 71 2016-10-07T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:95 14ada58e-2274-4be4-a809-019fa3cbc02d 2016-09-26T16:22:10+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z 2016-09-26T16:22:10+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:32dbf350-fd64-40c4-a8f1-2f834a47403e 2026-03-13T09:30:46Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Världen, Geocentrum I, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Wim Carton author ff339f3e-dda0-46b4-9eb9-c7211489ac2f Eric Clark supervisor 79096a3f-c4d7-4421-ab07-059e692b9a0d Guy Baeten supervisor af122342-b1a3-4ac8-8509-fe6d51742419 Professor Noel Castree opponent University of Wollongong Department of Human Geography v1000678 department Governments increasingly rely on the use of market instruments to tackle climate change and help decarbonize a deeply fossil fuel-dependent economy. This dissertation examines this trend as one instance of the ‘commodification of carbon’, or the process through which emission reductions are made into commodities and then traded on the market. It engages the commodification framework and related theoretical perspectives to scrutinize the environmental outcomes that market instruments engender, and how these can be theorized. Three cases are examined: the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, the Flemish tradable green certificate scheme, and Trees for Global Benefits, a community-based offsetting project situated in western Uganda. The environmental outcomes of each of these cases can be summarized by pointing to the specific spatiotemporal dynamics that they (re)produce. On the one hand, this dissertation shows that market instruments are prone to problem displacement because of the broader socioeconomic imperatives within which they operate. On the other hand, it argues for recognition of the specific temporality that is implied when environmental regulation is subsumed to market dynamics. Because of their prioritization of the cheapest and easiest solutions, market instruments bring the pace and form of decarbonization in line with what is deemed economically feasible, rather than with what is scientifically necessary. It is argued that this occurs at least in part because of the way that market instruments interact with the conditioning effects of our wider socioecological surroundings, specifically the way in which social power is materialized in the contemporary fossil fuel landscape. Due recognition of these dynamics offers insights on the political role that market instruments fulfill, why such instruments prove to be so popular, and what the conditions are for developing feasible alternatives. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/32dbf350-fd64-40c4-a8f1-2f834a47403e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11379396/Wim_Carton_thesis.pdf application/pdf 3414560 no Lund University 2016 eng commodification climate change policy emissions trading market instruments environmental geography Human Geography 978-91-7623-908-7 978-91-7623-909-4 12 189 2016-09-23T10:15:00+02:00 32dbf350-fd64-40c4-a8f1-2f834a47403e 2016-08-25T22:32:55+02:00 2026-03-13T09:30:46Z 2016-08-25T22:32:55+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3a81c72c-3c9d-409f-b661-0162278dd9cc 2025-10-21T11:04:15Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, ingång 72, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Petr Volkov author f3c7d0ea-bd52-4b8d-9352-11b9e99dc7aa Charlotte Ling supervisor c1c21db5-f345-4dce-b20a-629c3b3065aa Tina Rönn supervisor d21fcbc3-7750-49b4-8945-7bf166187543 assistant professor David Gomez-Cabrero opponent Karolinska Institute, Sweden Diabetes - Epigenetics v1000491 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Diabetes - Epigenetics research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3a81c72c-3c9d-409f-b661-0162278dd9cc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11417980/Petr_hela_avh_G5_nr1.pdf application/pdf 8364649 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng bioinformatics epigenetics Cell and Molecular Biology 978-91-7619-332-7 978-91-7619-332-7 66 2016-09-14T13:15:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:106 3a81c72c-3c9d-409f-b661-0162278dd9cc 2016-08-26T10:50:41+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:15Z 2016-08-26T10:50:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:da0c28dd-99c1-4a44-add4-5068781110f4 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Quoc Dat Pham author d430e8cf-7a8c-41f9-811c-8ceb45cd0070 Emma Sparr supervisor 1cd9036b-7240-450f-86e9-68ccfc0a3c4c Daniel Topgaard supervisor a97422ac-21cd-4ba6-b968-8521e5f98110 Professor Michel Lafleur opponent Université de Montréal, Canada Physical Chemistry v1000657 department This thesis mainly explores how the molecular mobility of lipid and protein components in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), varies with different conditions and upon adding foreign compounds. These studies require methods that makes it possible to detect and characterize the minor amount of fluid components in the highly ordered solid SC sample with resolved molecular information. 13C polarization transfer solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (PT ssNMR) is well suited for this task, and was employed as the main method through this thesis. The aims of this thesis were achieved by studies on well-controlled systems of intact SC, extracted corneocyte, and model lipid systems, and by combining PT ssNMR with different complementary biophysical techniques.<br/>A general conclusion from the presented studies of different foreign compounds is that apolar compounds mainly affect SC lipids, while more polar compounds affect both SC lipid and protein components. The effects strongly depend on the identity of the additive, and on the hydration conditions, and they vary with concentrations and temperatures. One interesting finding is the essential role of water in the mobility of keratin filaments. Apart from the effects on SC components, one can also simultaneously characterize the molecular mobility of the additves that are incorporated in the complex SC matrix by using PT ssNMR.<br/>We also demonstrate a clear correlation between the molecular mobility in SC lipids and proteins and the skin permeability upon additives, which forwards the understanding of the skin macroscopic barrier function at a molecular level. The findings of this research can be applied in topical formulations for, e.g., drug delivery and skin care products. The skin is our largest organ and its main function is to protect us from uptake of foreign chemicals and from desiccation. The barrier function of the skin is mainly assured by its outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC). When one wants to deliver a compound into or through the skin, for example in (trans)dermal drug delivery and cosmetics, one generally needs to make the skin more permeable. Therefore, it is desirable to control the skin barrier function. The purpose of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms that determine the skin permeability at a molecular level. The focus is laid on the molecular mobility and fluidity of components in SC, which play crucial roles in the barrier property. One major goal was to characterize the fluid SC fractions and how they vary with different conditions, for example, hydration, temperature, addition of moisturisers and penetration enhancers, solvents and in diseased skin, for example, psoriasis. The molecular information can be related to other macroscopic properties of the skin, for example, water-holding capacity, elasticity, softness, dryness, and barrier function. The findings of this research can be applied in topical formulations for drug delivery and skin care products as well as for treatment of diseased skin. These results were achieved by performing experiments on intact SC, extracted corneocyte and model lipid systems and by combining different complementary techniques like NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), scattering, calorimetry, sorption microbalance and diffusion-cell systems. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/da0c28dd-99c1-4a44-add4-5068781110f4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11533586/Quoc_Dat_Pham.pdf application/pdf 4096624 no Division of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University 2016-08 eng stratum corneum lipid keratin filament protein DMPC penetration enhancer osmolyte solvent monoterpene fatty acid hydration molecular mobility fluidity permeability PT ssNMR diffusion cell Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-468-9 978-91-7422-469-6 202 2016-09-23T10:15:00+02:00 da0c28dd-99c1-4a44-add4-5068781110f4 2016-08-29T10:47:01+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-29T10:47:01+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:90858484-ab7d-4c27-9fe9-4ac36e095d78 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre I, lecture hall “Världen”, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Kerstin Engstrom author 254d8dad-1e76-4246-bf55-ed8aa287ae80 Almut Arneth supervisor 52f5a64e-b8cc-4441-8496-a9f2430ac4de Mark D. A. Rounsevell supervisor Jonathan Seaquist supervisor 6e2cc412-9498-481f-8984-51725830a2ce Sara Brogaard supervisor 1c51b0ee-37b9-43ff-a8e0-6044357049b1 Professor Jed O. Kaplan opponent University of Lausanne, Switzerland Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Global agricultural production almost tripled within the last five decades. The production increase was<br/>based on expanding cropland and pastures, as well as the intensification of agriculture, including increased use of<br/>high yielding crop varieties, machinery, irrigation, artificial fertilisers, and pesticides. Both, agricultural<br/>intensification and the expansion of agricultural land-use lead to environmental degradation, pose threats to<br/>human health, and contribute to climate change. Transitioning towards sustainable agricultural land use, therefore,<br/>is one of the major challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. This challenge is aggravated by the need to<br/>feed the growing and increasingly affluent population, the effects of climate change on agriculture and the<br/>increasing demand for land to mitigate climate change, through for example bioenergy production. This thesis<br/>assesses how uncertainties in the development of socio-economic drivers and processes, such as population<br/>growth, dietary shifts, technological change, and bioenergy production, affect the outcome of future land-use and<br/>land cover change (LULCC). Future development of socio-economic drivers and climate forcing are described by<br/>the latest scenarios developed for environmental and climate-change research, i.e. the Shared Socio-economic<br/>Pathways (SSPs) and the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The impacts of the changing drivers<br/>on the land system are assessed with the global Parsimonious Land Use Model (PLUM). PLUM was shown to<br/>reproduce observed global agricultural land use change at the global to country scale for 1991-2010. Future global<br/>cropland changes were found to be very sensitive to the assumed yield growth rate. In a subsequent study,<br/>estimates of future yield were therefore derived with a global dynamic vegetation model, and included impacts of<br/>climate change. Without assumed land-based mitigation strategies, simulated future cropland ranged from 970 to<br/>2280 Mha by 2100, compared to current cropland area of 1500 Mha. This range is consistent with those found in<br/>the recently published literature. Accounting for the uncertainties related to the interpretation of socio-economic<br/>processes and drivers described in the scenarios expanded the simulated range for global cropland to 890-2380<br/>Mha (± one standard deviation) by 2100 and led to strongly overlapping cropland ranges for three out of five<br/>scenarios. Uncertainties related to scenario interpretation are thus of similar importance as uncertainties across<br/>different models for estimating the possible outcome of future LULCC. When land-based climate change mitigation<br/>strategies are considered, additional cropland requirements of 603-1115 Mha by 2100 were simulated for the<br/>production of bioenergy. However, considerable uncertainties related to the strength of mitigation efforts and crop<br/>yields accompany this estimate. Continuous expansion of cropland into grasslands and forest, as in scenarios with<br/>strong population growth and low technological change or scenarios with large bioenergy production, was<br/>simulated to transform the terrestrial biosphere from a carbon sink into a carbon source. Moreover, remaining<br/>within the estimated planetary boundary for global cropland (15% of ice-free land) is not possible when aiming to<br/>ensure food security while simultaneously producing bioenergy that significantly contributes to strong climatechange<br/>mitigation efforts by 2050. In a local to regional case study future food security was shown to be at risk<br/>under the assumed future socio-economic developments, demonstrated here for countries in the Sahel region of<br/>Africa. Implementing sustainable agricultural management practices as well as global trade will be important to<br/>ensure food security in the future. Overall, uncertainties in population development, technological change,<br/>resource intensity and land degradation were shown to contribute to a wide range of future agricultural LULCC. Den globala jordbruksproduktionen har de senaste fem decennierna nästan tredubblats. Produktionsökningen beror på ett allt intensivare jordbruk samt konvertering av naturliga ekosystem till jordbruksmark. Intensifieringen av jordbruket har skett genom ökad användning av högavkastande grödor, mekanisering, bevattning, konstgödsel och bekämpningsmedel. Både intensivare jordbruk och expansionen av jordbruksmark kan dock leda till miljöförstöring och risker för människors hälsa. Att ställa om till ett hållbart jordbruk samtidigt som efterfrågan på jordbruksprodukter och mark ökar, utgör en av 20:e århundradets stora utmaningar. Viktiga drivkrafter bakom ökad efterfråga är en växande befolkning, ekonomisk tillväxt men även ökad efterfråga på bioenergi. Bioenergiproduktion ses som en av många strategier för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Klimatförändringar förväntas att ytterligare förstärka de utmaningar som samhället och inte minst jordbruket kommer att behöva tackla. I denna avhandling undersöks hur osäkerheterna i socioekonomiska processer och klimatförändringar kan komma att påverka framtida markanvändning. De socioekonomiska processerna omfattar till exempel befolkningsutveckling, förändrade mönster i kött- och mjölkkonsumtion, teknisk utveckling inom jordbrukssektorn och produktion av bioenergi. Framtida utveckling av socioekonomiska drivkrafter och klimatförändringar beskrivs av nya scenarier som används inom miljöforskningen, de så kallade ”Shared Socio-economic Pathways” (SSP) och ”Representative Concentration Pathways” (RCP). Förändringar i drivkrafter och deras effekter på markanvändningen studeras med en global markanvändningsmodell, ”Parsimonious Land Use Model” (PLUM). PLUM, som på ett förenklat sätt representerar det globala jordbrukssystemet och kopplar till de bakomliggande drivkrafterna, visade sig kunna reproducera observerad global markanvändning på global skala för tidsperioden 1991-2010. Globala förändringar i jordbruksmark visade sig vara mycket känsliga för antaganden om teknisk utveckling inom jordbrukssektorn. I en efterföljande modellversion uppskattades därför den potentiella utvecklingen av spannmålsskördar med hjälp av en global dynamisk vegetationsmodell, som tar hänsyn till effekterna av klimatförändringarna på skörden. Genom simuleringar av scenarier med PLUM uppskattades den framtida jordbruksmarken ligga mellan 970 2280 Mha år 2100, jämfört med dagens 1500 Mha. Den stora spridningen kan förklaras av de olika antagande om de bakomliggande drivkrafterna i de olika scenarierna. Spridningen är i linje med andra uppskattningar av framtida jordbruksmark som nyligen publicerades i en vetenskaplig artikel. Osäkerheterna relaterade till hur man tolkar socioekonomiska processer och drivkrafter ökade spridningen till 890-2380 Mha (± en standardavvikelse) år 2100. Det är därför viktigt att även ta hänsyn till osäkerheter relaterade till tolkning av ett scenario, liksom till osäkerheter som uppstår genom användning av olika markanvändningsmodeller. Vidare, när bioenergi inkluderas som en strategi för att minska klimatförändringarna, ökar den uppskattade efterfrågan av jordbruksmark med 603-1115 Mha år 2100. Det finns dock stora osäkerheter kopplade till hur mycket mark som använts för bioenergi i framtiden, relaterad till skördar, bioenergiteknologier, och tillgång till jordbruksmark. Kontinuerlig expansion av jordbruksmark på bekostnad av naturliga ekosystem, vilket sker i scenarier med stark befolkningstillväxt och låg teknisk utveckling eller scenarier med en stor produktion av bioenergi, resulterade i att biosfären till och med kan skifta från att vara en kolsänka till att vara en kolkälla. För att undvika de långsiktigt ohållbara konsekvenserna av ökad markanvändning har det tidigare uppskattats att den globala åkermarken inte bör överskrida 15% av all isfri mark globalt. Denna avhandling visar att om åkermarken hålls inom denna gräns, så är det omöjligt att säkra livsmedelsförsörjningen år 2050 och samtidigt producera bioenergi som bidrar till en minskad klimatpåverkan, om man i stort bibehåller dagens befolknings-, inkomst- och konsumtionsutveckling. Livsmedelsförsörjning kommer att vara i riskzonen under framtida socioekonomisk utveckling i ett lokalt till regionalt sammanhang, vilket här demonstrerades för länderna i Sahelregionen i Afrika. För närvarande är efterfrågan på resurser ifrån vegetationen mindre än tillgången vilket gör att försörjningsbalansen i Sahel är positiv, men den visade sig bli negativ under de kommande decennierna för fyra av fem studerade scenarier. För att säkra framtida livsmedelsförsörjning är det viktigt att globalt implementera hållbara jordbruksmetoder samt att säkra tillgång till den globala marknaden för alla länder. Totalt sett så bidrar osäkerheter i befolkningsutvecklingen, den tekniska utvecklingen, konsumtionsmönster och omfattning av markförstöring till en mycket stor spridning av våra uppskattningar av framtida användning av jordbruksmark. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/90858484-ab7d-4c27-9fe9-4ac36e095d78 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11582788/kappa_KE.pdf application/pdf 1312642 no Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Faculty of Science, Lund University 2016-08 eng land-use and land cover change socio-economic modelling scenarios uncertainties Multidisciplinary Geosciences 978-91-85793-61-7 978-91-85793-62-4 252 2016-09-26T10:00:00+02:00 90858484-ab7d-4c27-9fe9-4ac36e095d78 2016-08-29T11:29:37+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-29T11:29:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fb34e2a3-5e9f-42f2-a4f6-49e9a376706a 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Patologens föresläsningssal, Jan Waldenströmsgata 61, plan 2, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 ASHKAN LABAF author 3839d6ee-d02d-4930-a4d7-5fd308143c45 Peter Svensson supervisor 9beb5ebe-3809-43d2-9688-81a0ea56cfe9 Martin Stagmo supervisor 19ac4712-fcbd-4b50-98be-e55e9ecc00fc Mattias Wieloch supervisor a8742a28-b540-4191-9bdc-d2bd700b0997 Anders Själander supervisor professor Bertil Lindahl opponent Uppsala University Clinical Coagulation, Malmö v1000575 department Clinical Coagulation, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fb34e2a3-5e9f-42f2-a4f6-49e9a376706a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11538411/webversion_Ashkan_hela_avh.pdf application/pdf 4001176 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016-08-08 eng 9789176193181 113 2016-09-09T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:92 fb34e2a3-5e9f-42f2-a4f6-49e9a376706a 2016-08-29T16:28:57+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z 2016-08-29T16:28:57+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fc8fefbc-5274-41c5-9fa0-2dcdb300523d 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published SSSH-salen, Health Science Center, Baravägen 3, Lund 1 Connie Lethin author 27938fec-4671-4125-a43a-b1e3e73b7a25 Christer Nilsson supervisor 000ef33d-3413-4f6b-bb02-2be177d3d9e4 Staffan Karlsson supervisor f7f0b928-8644-44e7-8ec2-16923f4969b7 Karin Nilsson supervisor f7fc34a3-cc33-41b1-bc90-e64b8b2b7965 associate professor Jonas Sandberg opponent Jönköping University Older people's health and Person-Centred care v1000427 department Department of Health Sciences v1000411 department Faculty of Medicine v1000330 department Older people's health and Person-Centred care research group RightTimePlaceCare project The overall aim was to investigate informal caregivers providing care for older persons with dementia (≥ 65 years of age) in eight European countries. Focus was on their experiences of formal care, access to support and factors that were associated with caregivers’ psychological well-being and burden. Caregivers’ experiences of formal care were investigated in a qualitative study with four focus groups interviews with 23 caregivers of older person with dementia living at home or in a nursing home in Sweden (Study I). The interviews were analysed with content analysis. The result of the caregivers’ experiences of formal care when caring for a person with dementia was captured in the theme ‘Family caregiving requires collaboration with formal care to get support adjusted to needs specific to the stages of dementia’. Access, i.e. availability and utilization of support including providers of the support was a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted in eight European countries (Study II). A mapping system was used to estimate availability, utilization, and professional providers of support to caregivers caring for a person with dementia. Data was collected for each country nationally. The findings showed that counselling, caregiver support, and education were highly available in six of the participating European countries but were rarely utilized. Countries with national guidelines for dementia care seemed to be more aware of the importance of professionals specialized in dementia. In Study III and IV, factors associated with caregiver well-being and burden was investigated, prospectively with 1223 caregivers, caring for an older person with dementia living at home. The caregivers were interviewed based on questionnaires, at baseline and follow-up after three months. Logistic regression analysis was performed of factors associated with caregivers’ psychological well-being and burden at baseline and 3 months later. Factors associated with presence of psychological well-being and burden and over time were the caregivers’ experience of caregiving, the quality of care and amount of caregiving for the person with dementia.<br/>This thesis emphasize that formal care needs to be proactive and deliver available care and support early in the course of the dementia disease. Mapping the health care and social service systems is a valuable tool for evaluating existing systems, internationally, nationally and locally for policy making. Professionals should be aware about factors associated with caregivers’ well-being and burden to provide proper care and support and promote a healthy transition in the caregiving role and through the course of the dementia disease.<br/><br/> The overall aim was to investigate informal caregivers providing care for older persons with dementia (≥ 65 years of age) in eight European countries. Focus was on their experiences of formal care, access to support and factors that were associated with caregivers’ psychological well-being and burden. Caregivers’ experiences of formal care were investigated in a qualitative study with four focus groups interviews with 23 caregivers of older person with dementia living at home or in a nursing home in Sweden (Study I). The interviews were analysed with content analysis. The result of the caregivers’ experiences of formal care when caring for a person with dementia was captured in the theme ‘Family caregiving requires collaboration with formal care to get support adjusted to needs specific to the stages of dementia’. Access, i.e. availability and utilization of support including providers of the support was a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted in eight European countries (Study II). A mapping system was used to estimate availability, utilization, and professional providers of support to caregivers caring for a person with dementia. Data was collected for each country nationally. The findings showed that counselling, caregiver support, and education were highly available in six of the participating European countries but were rarely utilized. Countries with national guidelines for dementia care seemed to be more aware of the importance of professionals specialized in dementia. In Study III and IV, factors associated with caregiver well-being and burden was investigated, prospectively with 1223 caregivers, caring for an older person with dementia living at home. The caregivers were interviewed based on questionnaires, at baseline and follow-up after three months. Logistic regression analysis was performed of factors associated with caregivers’ psychological well-being and burden at baseline and 3 months later. Factors associated with presence of psychological well-being and burden and over time were the caregivers’ experience of caregiving, the quality of care and amount of caregiving for the person with dementia.<br/>This thesis emphasize that formal care needs to be proactive and deliver available care and support early in the course of the dementia disease. Mapping the health care and social service systems is a valuable tool for evaluating existing systems, internationally, nationally and locally for policy making. Professionals should be aware about what factors are associated with caregivers’ psychological well-being and burden to provide proper care and support and promote a healthy transition in the caregiving role and through the course of the dementia disease.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fc8fefbc-5274-41c5-9fa0-2dcdb300523d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11626472/Connie_Lethin_webb_papers_3.pdf application/pdf 6707745 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Nursing Care Informal caregivers Dementia Europe Health Services Home Nursing Life change events Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-320-4 978-91-7619-364-8 122 2016-09-22T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:94 fc8fefbc-5274-41c5-9fa0-2dcdb300523d 2016-08-29T22:02:45+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:15Z 2016-08-29T22:02:45+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:eac89a5c-05a7-49e1-a254-7fb26933bc47 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Parisa Sayad author 9398c74d-ef73-48cc-ab9b-0ad9cb3a20a1 Jens Klingmann supervisor 306eb4d6-58cf-43cb-877d-0ac4d2e97472 Marcus Thern supervisor b159966b-e643-4a1e-9fb6-fe9a1b5d4fb7 Alessandro Schönborn supervisor Dr. Peter Jansohn opponent Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Combustion Research Laboratory, Switzerland Thermal Power Engineering v1000209 department World electricity consumption is drastically increasing. One of the most common ways of producing electricity is to use the chemical energy of fossil fuels. This can be done in thermal power plants in which the chemical energy of fossil fuels such as natural gas is converted to mechanical energy and finally to electricity. Extracting the chemical energy of fuels is done through combustion of the fuel with air. Combustion produces heat, water and carbon dioxide as its main products. The produced heat can be converted to mechanical energy in different ways. In gas turbines, the hot combustion products are directly used to move turbine blades and produce mechanical energy, which is then converted to electricity by means of an electric generator. However, one should bear in mind that electricity is not the only outcome of this process. During this process, we are consuming the very limited reserves of fossil fuels, we are producing pollutants and we are negatively contributing in the climate change by producing carbon dioxide. <br/>These negative consequences are becoming increasingly alarming. These concerns have led to a growing interest in the use of alternative fuels such as bio- and electro-fuels with reduced environmental impact for electricity production. Using bio- and electro-fuels in gas turbines provide reliable production of heat and electricity while decreasing the dependency on fossil fuels and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.<br/>One of the most promising gaseous bio-fuels for gas turbines is digestion gas or ‘biogas. Biogas contains varying amounts of CH4 and CO2 as its major components. Another alternative fuel that can be considered for gas turbine combustors is synthesis gas (syngas) fuels that can be produced from renewable sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Syngas may contain H2, CO, and CH4, as well as CO2, N2, H2O, and small amounts of higher hydrocarbons. The composition of these alternative fuels differs from natural gas, which has CH4 as its main component. This means that these fuels have different chemical and physical properties and therefore different combustion properties than natural gas. Therefore utilizing such fuels as the main or part of the fuel mixture in gas turbine combustors may substantially affect their efficiency, operability and emission characteristics. It is thus important to understand and quantify their operational characteristics to make their use in gas turbines viable.<br/>One of the most important aspects of combustion that has to be considered in gas turbines when using alternative fuels is operational stability. It means that the combustion needs to take place in the combustor and in a smooth, reliable manner. In other words, the combustion needs to be sustained under all operating conditions. This is particularly important in modern gas turbines, referred to as lean premixed combustors, where fuel and air are mixed before entering the combustor. There are several operability risks that can occur and should be avoided in a lean premixed gas turbine combustor such as: lean blowout (the flame can extinguish due to reactions taking place too slowly), flashback (the flame can travel in to the premixing section), and autoignition (the fuel/air mixture can autoignite in the premixing section and before entering the combustor).<br/>In this work, an experimental approach was used to investigate and understand the combustion of various fuel mixtures that can replace natural gas in gas turbines. A model combustor was designed and built that can mimic a real gas turbine combustor. The focus of the experiments was to investigate the combustion stability in the combustor when burning fuels comprising H2, CO and CO2. The combustor featured a quartz glass tube that provided optical access to the flame. Different experimental techniques were used to shed light on how the combustion behavior and operational stability of such fuels differs from natural gas. Various operating conditions and burner characteristics were examined in order to explore the possibility of reaching a fuel-flexible combustor. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/eac89a5c-05a7-49e1-a254-7fb26933bc47 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11578009/PrintedVersion.pdf application/pdf 2948024 no 2016-08-30 eng Premixed Combustion; Syngas; Swirl Stabilized; Chemical Kinetics; Flashback; Lean Blowout; Autoignition; OH*-chemiluminescence Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-932-2 978-91-7623-933-9 79 2016-09-23T10:15:00+02:00 eac89a5c-05a7-49e1-a254-7fb26933bc47 2016-08-30T10:41:11+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-30T10:41:11+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a8f932fb-d483-4ba6-930c-b559fe6c3eff 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsal B, Kemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Fei Xie author e7eb1b02-c426-42ce-a0ba-0db60942b19e [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Jan Forsman supervisor f70464c8-6a9d-4d0e-83e8-495078dbda87 Tommy Nylander supervisor fbd2bd81-813e-4c7f-9e21-c80d6044d4a0 Lennart Piculell supervisor ba05325e-3755-4a99-a375-85b130756ee7 Professor Frans Leermakers opponent Wageningen University, the Netherlands Computational Chemistry v1000659 department Polyelectrolyte adsorption and polymer mediated interactions in different colloidal polymer systems have been studied in this work. Theoretical methods and experimental techniques are combined, in order to obtain more general reliable results, as well as a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the observed behaviors. Two different types of highly charged cationic polyions have been used to explore the adsorption onto oppositely charged surfaces. The adsorption varies with concentration of simple salt and the adsorption dependence on molecular weight have been considered. Polymer density functional theory and null ellipsometry have been utilized to study the adsorption. Various colloidal polymer systems have also been investigated in order to scrutinize polymer mediated interactions. For systems containing charged colloidal particles and non-adsorbing polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains, we studied gelation and constructed a coarse-grained model, to quantitatively compare predicted structure factors with corresponding experimental data. We have devoted some extra efforts to predict and understand the temperature response of polymer mediated interactions, in systems where the pure polymer solution display an local critical solution temperature (LCST). This has, for instance, resulted in predictions that such colloidal particle + polymer dispersions can display a phase behavior that responds on a nonmonotonic manner to temperature change (specifically: flocculated - dispersed - flocculated). these predictions are in qualitative agreement with experiments, and achieved without any assumptions of temperature-dependent<br/>interactions. Another prediction from our studies on LCST polymer solutions, is that these may undergo phase separations in porous environments, even though there is only one phase for all compositions in the bulk solution. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a8f932fb-d483-4ba6-930c-b559fe6c3eff https://portal.research.lu.se/files/19773149/fei_thesis_20160314.pdf application/pdf 1656920 no 2016-12-20 eng Polyelectrolyte Adsorption Colloid Polymer Dispersion Interation Ellipsometry Monte Carlo Simulation Classical Density Functional Theory Theoretical Chemistry (including Computational Chemistry) 978-91-7422-434-4 8871145 180 2016-04-22T10:30:00+02:00 a8f932fb-d483-4ba6-930c-b559fe6c3eff 2016-05-24T10:03:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-24T10:03:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3272ddf4-7fe5-48d0-95a9-60658163e0df 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Health Sciences Centre, Åke Isacsson-salen 1 Elisabet Björquist author 00b26410-3733-475d-830a-0a6281348c08 Inger Hallström supervisor 9b6d8940-1caf-48a9-95a5-acf6d2b6d9a2 Eva Nordmark supervisor 46eeaed5-4cac-4eee-a973-f7581afb4c0f Associate Professor Elisabeth Olin opponent University of Gothenburg Child and Family Health v1000415 department Child and Family Health research group Disability Research project Transition to adulthood, referring to the process of moving from childhood to adulthood, can be a complex period for youths with disabilities who might need special support transitioning into an independent life as adults. Caregivers are significant persons for the youths, which is why their own health and wellbeing is important. Therefore the overall aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper understanding of health and wellbeing, challenges, preferences and needs during the transition from childhood to adulthood in youths with disabilities and their caregivers. The thesis is comprised of two studies, study A focusing on the perspectives of youths with CP (Paper I) and of their caregivers (Paper II) and Study B focusing on the perspectives of immigrant youths with disabilities and caregivers from Middle Eastern countries residing in Sweden (Paper III and IV). <br/><br> <br/><br> Study A had a qualitative approach and involved focus groups and individual interviews with 12 male and female youths, 17-18 years of age, with CP and various physical and cognitive levels of disabilities (Paper I), as well as 15 mothers and fathers (Paper II). The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. In Study B, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Based on structured and semi-structured questionnaires in combination with open ended questions interviews were conducted in Swedish or Arabic with 17 male and female youths, 13-24 years of age with various disabilities and 10 mothers, five fathers and one sibling. The families were all immigrants with Middle Eastern origin and most of them had lived in Sweden for more than five years. The questionnaires Family Need Survey (FNS), Rotterdam Transition Profile (RTP) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were all translated and adapted to Swedish except for COPM where there already was a Swedish version. The results were analysed using mainly descriptive statistics and based on the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children &amp; Youth Version (ICF-CY). The findings from study A showed that the experiences of youths and caregivers mostly concerned mental health and wellbeing described as both positive and negative experiences. Their family life was experienced as important, secure and convenient, which made the youths feel safe and gave parents a sense of meaningfulness. Youths described participation, socialising and love as being important, but also challenging and worrying. Caregivers experienced sorrow and anger and together with demanding logistics, planning and worrying, their health was affected negatively during their children’s transition to adulthood. The findings from study B showed that youths were dependent on their caregivers for transportations, participating in leisure activities and socialising with friends. They were also dependent on their caregivers for the demanding of support and health care. The youths had few or no experiences of intimate relationships but felt that they were expected to get married in the future which worried them and their caregivers. Caregivers were uncomfortable with using the term intellectual disability. Caregivers needed help to understand their child’s condition and to explain the child’s condition to their wives/husbands. A significant difference was found in what problems youths identified with and what their caregivers identified as their youth’s problems. The youths experienced problems with handling finances, transportations and seeking employment or daily activities whilst their caregiver thought their youth’s primary problems involved self-care. <br/><br> <br/><br> The overall finding showed that to strengthen health and wellbeing in youths with disabilities and their caregivers and to meet challenges, preferences and needs during transition from childhood to adulthood both youths and caregivers need information and support. Both youths and caregivers expressed a desire for individualised support given by one person who could facilitate the transition period by coordinating information and give support based on individual preferences and needs. During the recruiting process in both studies, great challenges were experienced in finding participants. Collaboration with professionals in schools and leisure activities was found to be the most effective way to get in contact with immigrant youths and thereby also their caregivers. <br/><br> <br/><br> The findings from this thesis may enable professionals to develop and improve best practice guidelines for support, habilitation and health care in youths’ transition. To facilitate for the youth to transfer from services with a family-centred approach to person-centred adult services, their autonomy must be strengthened by involving them in their own transition planning early on. Immigrant youths need special information and support about love and the freedom of choice to get married. The COPM and RTP are suggested to be used as tools in person-centred transition planning given they are used customized and applied with cultural sensibility. To enable those with communication limitations to give their independent voice the use of communication tools is necessary. Furthermore, the transition to person-centred adult support and health care should be flexible and not determined by biological age. However, youths need support by their caregivers who in turn might both need, and want, support for themselves and occasionally hands-on support. Guidance by a specially designated navigator aimed to support the whole family would be an option to meet individual needs. The information and support should be culturally sensitive with respect to various linguistic and cultural experiences. To close the gaps between systems of care collaboration was discussed to be necessary to facilitate the transition between support and health care for children and youths as well as services for adults. The use of ICF-CY as a framework for understanding needs and the standardised terminology in ICF-CY in documentation can facilitate this collaboration. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3272ddf4-7fe5-48d0-95a9-60658163e0df https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8032722/8871324.pdf application/pdf 1285356 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Disability youth caregiver transition to adulthood immigrant preferences needs. General Medicine 978-91-7619-261-0 8871323 114 2016-05-26T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:35 3272ddf4-7fe5-48d0-95a9-60658163e0df 2016-05-24T10:03:39+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-05-24T10:03:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:faf247fa-0d49-4e1b-9a0c-cf9494d42157 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfrage salen, BMC D15, Sölvegatan 19, Lund 1 Madelene Dahlgren author 09ee1c85-41fb-4e6c-b0de-38e2cf0d81da Bengt Johansson Lindbom supervisor b8a7a360-e06c-4bb0-83b4-86ee33ad6380 Professor David Gray opponent Adaptive Immunity v1000351 department Adaptive Immunity research group The protective effect of most currently available vaccines is dependent on high-affinity antibodies and long lived B cell<br/><br> memory, which develop within organized structures of secondary lymphoid organs called germinal centers (GCs). GC<br/><br> formation is supported by T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells that develop in parallel to other effector<br/><br> T cells and specifically localizes to B cell follicles. The aim for the work presented in this thesis was to define how the GC<br/><br> response and Tfh cell differentiation are regulated by innate effectors, such as conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and type<br/><br> I interferons (IFNs), in response to protein immunization adjuvanted by the dsRNA-analogue poly(I:C).<br/><br> In paper I, we show that Tfh cells and GC B cell responses of the IgG1 isotype can develop normally in the absence of<br/><br> cDCs when a sufficient amount of antigen, allowing initial T cell priming, is provided. In contrast, the concurrent Th1<br/><br> cell differentiation is impaired together with a selective loss of IgG2c production. We also find that B cells, monocytes and<br/><br> possibly plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) redundantly can prime CD4+ T cells in the absence of cDCs, and thereby support<br/><br> early expression of the Tfh cell-associated chemokine receptor CXCR5. In paper II we find that type I IFNs predominantly<br/><br> promote IgG2c+ GC B cell differentiation and in this context function through both B cell intrinsic and extrinsic signaling.<br/><br> While we provide evidence for that direct IFN-γ signaling in B cells controls switching to IgG2c, our results indicate that<br/><br> type I IFNs regulate IgG2c-associated GC responses beyond isotype switching, as the magnitude of the GC B cell response<br/><br> is reduced when type I IFNs, but not when IFN-γ, are absent. In contrast to IgG2c, switching to IgG1 is unaffected by<br/><br> type I IFN deficiency, although the overall magnitude and quality of the IgG1 response also is affected when type I IFN<br/><br> signaling is abrogated. Additionally, the formation of B cell memory appears to be impaired in the absence of type I IFNs.<br/><br> In paper III, we demonstrate how clonal competition selectively affects Tfh cell differentiation, GC responses and<br/><br> generation of IgG1+ GC B cells, while the generation of IgG2c+ GC B cells appears to be less affected.<br/><br> Taken together, the work included in this thesis increase our understanding of how GC B cell responses and Tfh cell<br/><br> development are regulated, and furthermore, it suggests that switching to IgG1 and IgG2c associated GC B cell fate<br/><br> commitment may be differentially dependent on Tfh cells. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/faf247fa-0d49-4e1b-9a0c-cf9494d42157 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8032826/8871182.pdf application/pdf 8683021 no Faculty of Medicine, Lund University 2016 eng Germinal Center T follicular helper cell type I interferon dendritic cell adjuvant differentiation IgG Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) 978-91-7619-280-1 8871177 2016-04-22T13:00:00+02:00 faf247fa-0d49-4e1b-9a0c-cf9494d42157 2016-05-24T10:03:41+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-24T10:03:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4045d986-635d-4a80-bd9d-15d2fcddf4f2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published MA3, Matteannexet, Sölvegatan 22A, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH. 1 SIGMUND OLAFSEN author 158dfbd8-3fb0-4d9d-871c-bfaa7e0d8603 Delphine Bard supervisor 4023c0b2-3dae-42ae-a267-4017c8f9cb0a n/a Ulf Kristiansen opponent NTNU, Trondheim, Norway Engineering Acoustics v1000233 department Methods for determination of indoor noise and vibrations from urban rail bound transport are presented in this work. Both measurement methods and empirical prediction methods are described. The data and results are taken from field measurements of noise and vibrations from the trams and metro trains of Oslo.<br/>The methods applied should be universally adaptable. The general approach is to use empirical modelling based on large measurement series and statistical<br/>analysis. A complete model consists of a description of outdoor noise and vibrations as well as transmission through buildings and a correct determination of the physical and perceived immision. The introduction, chapter 1, gives a description of this type of model. This is followed in chapter 2 by an expansion of the similarities and differences between trams and metro trains on the one hand and ordinary railways on the other hand. Article 1 gives a description of measurements and building of an empirical model for outdoor noise from trams The difference in groundborne noise and vibrations from two types of<br/>metro trains is described in article 2. The general principles of empirical modelling as applied to indoor noise and vibrations from trams and metros are described in chapter 3. Articles 3, 4 and 5 deal with different technical aspects of the measurement of transmission of airborne sound through building<br/>facades.The concepts behind these measurements are discussed in chapter 4. Chapter 5 and article 6 discuss transmission of vibrations into residential buildings. Chapter 5 describes weighted physical vibration levels from several metro trains and includes preliminary results from investigations of perceived<br/>annoyance from vibrations. Article 6 includes considerations of spectrum shapes and variation between individual train passages. Chapter 6 and article 7 are about field measurement of the noise and vibrations inside residences.<br/>Chapter 7 presents the works that are planned in the near future to extend and complete the models presented. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4045d986-635d-4a80-bd9d-15d2fcddf4f2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8034018/Sigmund_TVBA_1014.pdf application/pdf 20001110 no 1st Engineering Acoustics, LTH, Lund University 2016-06-14 eng Tramway noise acoustics Indoor noise Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-717-5 978-91-7623-718-2 184 2016-06-14T13:00:00+02:00 4045d986-635d-4a80-bd9d-15d2fcddf4f2 2016-05-24T11:21:10+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-24T11:21:10+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:501e27a4-d034-4731-9f38-e672f84adbc6 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Patologens föreläsningssal, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. Join by Zoom: https://lu-se.zoom.us/j/6909684029 1 Al-Jubair Tamim author a6f32de3-ae99-4bf0-a3c0-0b3af963e4a8 Kristian Riesbeck supervisor 54a4577c-94e9-46a1-bc78-5e3346004ebb Birendra Singh supervisor a2116a6a-2374-43c8-97cc-4859f39ec1c8 ass professor Junkal Garmendia opponent CSIC, Instituto Agrobiotecnologia, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain Clinical Microbiology, Malmö v1000576 department Clinical Microbiology, Malmö research group Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacterium that is classified by the presence or absence of a polysaccharide capsule, termed “typeable” and “non-typeable” H. influenzae (NTHi), respectively. Depending on the capsular polysaccharide composition and antigenicity, typeable isolates are further subdivided into six serotypes designated a–f. H. influenzae type b (Hib) has been the most common serotype causing invasive disease, for example, meningitis, epiglottitis, septicaemia, and osteomyelitis in former decades. Since the introduction of a Hib vaccine, the incidence of invasive Hib disease has significantly decreased. In contrast, the levels of invasive disease caused by other H. influenzae types, that is, NTHi and H. influenzae serotype f (Hif), is increasing, suggesting that NTHi and Hif are emerging pathogens. The mechanisms behind this emergence are not fully understood. To circumvent the bactericidal activities of the host antimicrobial peptides, complement system and nutritional immunity, many bacterial species, including H. influenzae, have evolved with several outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that play a role in subverting the host defense systems.<br/>This study covers the structural and functional analysis of three H. influenzae OMPs; Protein E (PE) from NTHi, Haemophilus Surface Fibril (Hsf) from Hib and, finally, Protein H (PH) from Hif, to understand the molecular pathogenicity of H. influenzae. We successfully crystallized and solved the atomic structure of the ubiquitous multifunctional surface protein PE at 1.8 Å resolution. The detailed structure of PE highlights how this important virulence factor of H. influenzae has the capacity to simultaneously interact with host Vitronectin (Vn), Laminin (Ln), or Plasminogen (PLG), promoting bacterial pathogenesis. We also showed that H. influenzae acquired hemin on the surface via PE, and shared it with hemin-depleted co-cultured bacteria, that is, PE worked as a hemin storage reservoir for H. influenzae. The trimeric autotransporter Hsf interacts with Vn, contributing to Hib serum resistance, better adherence and internalization into host cells. In silico analysis and experimental results demonstrated that the architecture of the trimeric autotransporter Hsf is not straight but rather a twisted, doubled over “hairpin-like” structure. We characterized PH as Vn-binding protein of Hif and discovered that it recognized the C-terminal part of Vn (aa 352–362). We found that PH-dependent Vn binding resulted in better survival of Hif in human serum and increased bacterial adherence to alveolar epithelial cells. Structural information of these OMPs will increase knowledge of H. influenzae virulence mechanisms. In addition, to develop vaccines or drugs against H. influenzae, targeting of OMPs are a potential key to provide protection against infectious Haemophilus spp. disease. Hence, functional studies on OMPs of H. influenzae in combination with the structural data provide a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/501e27a4-d034-4731-9f38-e672f84adbc6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8058332/Tamim_Thesis_G5.pdf application/pdf 32261758 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Complement system, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus surface fibril, Outer membrane proteins, Protein E, Protein H and Vitronectin. Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-284-9 74 2016-06-10T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:58 501e27a4-d034-4731-9f38-e672f84adbc6 2016-05-26T16:49:15+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-05-26T16:49:15+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:35177429-4a4e-435c-b3cc-1c6030b885ea 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 MOA WOLFF author e217e2fe-b876-4f13-b87c-1b301d7b28cb Patrik Midlöv supervisor 832a57bd-2192-4ce1-9943-0a88b7370540 Kristina Sundquist supervisor 84728074-b32a-4012-b33a-46aa96fd989f Eva-Lena Strandberg supervisor ada68608-cbfa-4b60-9db8-c8a967cd252f professor Hans Ibsen opponent University of Copenhagen, Denmark Family Medicine and Community Medicine v1000478 department Family Medicine and Community Medicine research group Introduction: Persistent hypertension is a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure. For primary care physicians, hypertension is the number one diagnosis for office visits and for our communities, the treatment of high blood pressure (BP) and its<br> consequences constitutes a substantial economic burden.<br> Aim: To evaluate yoga as a treatment for hypertension in primary care.<br> Methods: The thesis is based on two quantitative studies and one qualitative study:<br> •A prospective three-arm single-centre study of two types of yoga (83 adult primary care patients diagnosed with hypertension). BP measurement, blood sampling and a questionnaire on self-rated quality of life (QOL) were carried out at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. There were two intervention groups and one control group. The groups were matched based on baseline systolic BP (SBP). (Papers I and II)<br> •A three-centre parallel group randomized controlled trial (RCT) with follow-up after 12-week intervention completion (191 adult primary care patients diagnosed with hypertension). At baseline and follow-up, the participants underwent standardized BP measurements and completed questionnaires on QOL, stress, anxiety and depression. (Paper III)<br> •A qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews with 13 participants from the intervention group of the RCT. We used a semi-structured interview guide according to Kvale. Qualitative analysis was conducted by systematic text condensation inspired by Malterud. (Paper IV)<br> Results: Paper I: The patients who performed a short home-based yoga programme 15 minutes daily had a decline in diastolic BP (DBP) of 4.4 mmHg (p &lt;0.05) and a significant improvement in self-rated QOL compared to the control group (p &lt;0.05). Paper II: We recorded no evidence that yoga altered inflammatory biomarkers or metabolic risk factors in our study population. Paper III: There was a significant reduction in SBP and DBP for both groups (−3.8/ − 1.7 mmHg for yoga and − 4.5/ − 3.0 mmHg for control groups, respectively). However, the BP reduction for the yoga group was not significantly different from control. There were small but significant improvements for the yoga group in some of the QOL and depression measures compared with<br> control. Paper IV: Most patients expressed a wish to find alternative ways to treat their high blood pressure. The positive experiences of doing yoga were described in terms of tranquility and increased agility. The drawbacks were mainly linked to the time required to perform the exercises.<br> Conclusions: The patients in our qualitative study described several benefits from doing yoga but they also pointed out difficulties in implementing yoga as a regular and permanent lifestyle change. The RCT, which is the largest study from an OECD country (Organization for Economic Co-operation and evelopment) to date, does not show that the yoga intervention (MediYoga) lowers BP compared to control. However, it is of great importance that we continue to evaluate the effects as well as the experiences of “new” alternative and complementary therapies. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/35177429-4a4e-435c-b3cc-1c6030b885ea https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8059061/Moa_Wolff_KAPPAN.pdf application/pdf 1634579 no 40 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Hypertension Primary Health Care Yoga Quality of Life RCT Qualitative Research stress Anxiety Depression inflammatory biomarkers Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-266-5 77 2016-06-03T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:40 35177429-4a4e-435c-b3cc-1c6030b885ea 2016-05-26T22:22:24+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-05-26T22:22:24+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:18a74092-26c7-4da1-92dc-3f63f1ea5c0b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Ecology building, lecture hall “Blå Hallen”, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 1 Peter Olsson author 114990ac-90f2-436b-8702-e92814b5a278 Almut Kelber supervisor 8eefd298-d02e-4290-b186-23da3692c0cf Olle Lind supervisor 76d430a5-77ca-40a9-9548-1c17d11ef216 Professor of Neuroscience Daniel Osorio opponent Evolution, Behaviour and Environment, Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics, University of Sussex, United Kingdom Functional zoology v1000610 department Lund Vision Group v1001407 department Lund Vision Group research group Birds use colour vision for many biologically relevant behaviours such as foraging and mate choice. Bird colour vision is mediated by four types of single cones, giving them an extra dimension of colour information compared to trichromatic humans. The cone photoreceptors of birds have coloured oil droplets that are assumed to increase the discriminability of colours in bright light at the cost of dim light sensitivity. In this thesis I present four studies where we have trained chickens to perform colour discrimination and tested the limits of their behavioural performance. In paper I we tested how small colour differences chickens can discriminate. This allowed us to test the predictions of the most well established model for bird colour vision, the receptor noise limited model. There was a reasonably good fit between model and behaviour. Furthermore, we tested in how dim light chickens could discriminate colours and found that the intensity threshold was affected by the colour difference between the stimuli and their intensity. In Paper II we continued testing colour discrimination in dim light and tested the hypothesis that chickens sum the signals from many photoreceptors to increase contrast sensitivity at the cost of spatial resolution in dim light, so called spatial pooling. We used food containers covered with larger, smaller, more or fewer colour patches. Supporting the hypothesis, the containers covered by more colour could be discriminated in dimmer light. In Paper III we tested colour constancy, the ability to maintain colour perception in different spectral illuminations that would otherwise confuse colour perception. Our aim was to find the largest illumination change that chicken colour constancy could tolerate. We found that chicken colour constancy could tolerate larger illumination changes when discriminating stimuli that were more different from each other. In paper IV we continued the work on colour constancy but allowed the chickens to use relative colour learning, which was specifically excluded in paper III. In Paper IV we found that their colour constancy could tolerate larger illumination changes. In nature relative colour cues are available and may be an important aspect of colour learning and perception. These results suggest that such cues can make colour constancy more robust to larger illumination changes. In both experiments chicken colour constancy was improved if they were adapted for 5 minutes in the tested illumination before performing the discrimination task. We compared the illuminations for which chickens retained colour constancy, to the difference between natural illuminations and we can conclude that chickens are well equipped to maintain accurate colour perception when changing between habitats in the wild. Objects are detected both by their chromatic and achromatic contrasts. The receptor noise limited model can be used to predict discriminability through both chromatic and achromatic vision. To use the model reliably its assumptions and predictions must be compared to behavioural results. This has been done for the chromatic version of the model but not the achromatic. In Paper V we compiled all known chromatic and achromatic contrast detection thresholds, and used them to derive the limiting noise level to be used when predicting visual discrimination in a range of animals. We discuss the limitations of using modelling in the wild such as the need to consider the spatial pattern of the stimuli and the light intensities in which the modelling occurs. Fåglar har relativt stora ögon för sina kroppsstorlekar och syn är en kostsam sinnesförmåga, speciellt för flygande djur eftersom stora ögon medför extra vikt. Man kan därför anta att fåglar använder synen för viktiga beteenden. De flesta fåglars färgseende är tetrakromatiskt, vilket innebär att fyra typer av fotoreceptorer bidrar till deras färgseende. Det innebär att deras färgseende har en extra dimension av information jämfört med människans trikromatiska färgseende. Fåglar använder sitt färgseende för många biologiskt viktiga beteenden såsom att hitta mat och för sociala interaktioner som att utvärdera partners. Dock vet vi lite om var gränserna för deras färgseende ligger, hur lika färger kan de diskriminera och i vilka ljusmiljöer kan de urskilja färger?<br/>Vi har använt beteendestudier och matematisk modellering för att hitta gränserna för kycklingars färgseende och utvärderat vilka fysiologiska mekanismer som kan underligga dessa gränser.<br/>I manus I så har vi testat hur små färgskillnader kycklingar kan urskilja genom att träna dem att associera matbehållare med en viss färg med en matbelöning och testat hur ofta de väljer den tränade färgen jämfört med matbehållare av en otränad färg. Vi jämförde deras förmåga med människans och såg inga tydliga skillnader mellan kycklingar och människor. Vi drar slutsatsen att fåglars förmåga att urskilja färger är begränsat av högre brus än människans. Vi undersökte också i hur mörka miljöer de kunde urskilja färger och fann att ju mer olika färgerna var, desto mindre ljus behövdes för att särskilja dem.<br/>För att se färg i mörker verkade fåglarna använda sig av spatial summering, det vill säga de lägger ihop signalerna från många fotoreceptorer för att stärka färgsignalen i utbyte mot en något sämre synskärpa. I manus II så testade vi detta antagande genom att använda matbehållare som täcks till olika stor grad av färg. Om spatial summering är viktig för att tillåta färgseende i mörka miljöer bör de behållare som har täcks till större grad av färg kunna urskiljas i mörkare miljöer. Detta var precis vad vi fann, därmed kan vi dra slutsatsen att spatial summering är viktigt för fåglars mörkerseende. Fåglar som har en tappdominerad näthinna och är aktiva mest under dagen, skulle eventuellt kunna se färg i mörkare miljöer än nattaktiva fåglar med en stavdominerad näthinna!<br/>I manus III undersökte vi kycklingars förmåga att se färg i ljusmiljöer där färgen på belysningen förändrades. Färgseende baseras på att jämföra de spektrala signalerna från olika objekt, men den spektrala signalen beror både på hur objektet<br/>13<br/>reflekterar ljus av olika våglängder och på den spektrala sammansättningen (färgen) av belysningen. Det klassiska exemplet är att den spektrala signalen från en banan i en röd belysning som rent fysiskt är mer lik en orange färg än en gul. Trots det så uppfattar vi att bananen är gul även i den röda belysningen. Detta fenomen kallas färgkonstans och betyder att färguppfattningen är den samma trots att belysningen förändras. Vi testade hur färgkonstans fungerar i olika typer av belysningar hos kycklingar. Vi tränade kycklingar att välja en orange färg framför en gul och en röd färg i en vit belysning och testade dem i rödare belysningar. Fåglarna kunde fortfarande välja rätt färg i dessa belysningar och vi tolkade det som att de har färgkonstans. Hur mycket belysningsförändring deras färgkonstans tolererade berodde hur de tränats och på hur stor skillnaden mellan färgerna de diskriminerade var, stora färgskillnader tolererade större belysningsförändringar.<br/>I manus IV upprepade vi försöken i manus III men tränade kycklingarna att antingen föredra en orange framför en gul färg eller en grön framför en blå. Därmed kunde kycklingarna använda den relativa färgskillnaden, t.ex. alltid välja den rödare färgen för att göra rätt val. En strategi som inte fungerade för att välja rätt i manus III. När relativa färgsignaler kunde användas behöll kycklingarna sin färgkonstans i rödare miljöer än vad de kunde i försöken i manus III. Relativa färgsignaler förbättrar färgkonstansen. Relativa färgsignaler är vanliga, till exempel hos frukter och bär som signalerar sin ätlighet med typiska färger som alltid ses i relation till den vanligtvis gröna bakgrunden.<br/>Vi urskiljer objekt från deras omgivning med hjälp av kontrast, och kontraster kan skapas av både kromatiska skillnader och akromatiska skillnader. För att förutspå vad fåglar kan urskilja så använder vi en modell (Receptor Noise Limited model), som baseras på de spektrala känsligheterna hos djurets fotoreceptorer och hur mycket neuronalt brus (slumpmässig variation i nervsignaler som stör informationsflödet) det finns i synsystemet. I manus I kunde vi kalibrera denna modell med våra beteendedata, det vill säga hur mycket brus måste vi anta att det finns i synsystemet för att förklara den minsta färgskillnaden som kycklingarna kunde diskriminera, deras färgdiskrimineringströskel. Detta var första gången som det gjordes för objektfärger, dvs. färger som reflekterar ljus. Denna modell fungerar bra för att förklara färgdiskrimineringströsklar hos flera djur, som människor, bin och fåglar. På senare år har modellen utökats för att förutspå akromatisk diskriminering. Tyvärr, har den i detta fall inte kalibrerats mot diskrimineringströsklar som faktiskt finns.<br/>I manus V så sammanställer vi alla beteendetrösklar som finns och konverterar dessa till brusantaganden som kan användas för att förutspå kromatisk och akromatisk diskriminering. Arbetet som redovisas i manus V visar hur viktigt det är att fler djurs diskrimineringströsklar testas experimentellt för att vi bland annat ska kunna använda synmodellering för att göra förutsägelser om vilka signaler som vi kan mäta i naturen som fåglar faktiskt kan upptäcka och som är relevanta för fåglarna. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/18a74092-26c7-4da1-92dc-3f63f1ea5c0b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8065620/Peter_Olsson_webb_endast_kappan.pdf application/pdf 720570 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 2016 eng Gallus gallus receptor noise visual modelling animal training colour discrimination colour constancy Biological Sciences 978-91-7623-858-5 978-91-7623-859-2 176 2016-06-10T13:00:00+02:00 18a74092-26c7-4da1-92dc-3f63f1ea5c0b 2016-05-27T15:42:51+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-27T15:42:51+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:271c8f53-dd9f-4d0a-9608-97938607577c 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, KK, Jan Waldenströms gata 47, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 KRZYSZTOF OLESZCZUK author 7fa74bfc-8e8b-47a7-8d8c-01a04ddc483e Aleksander Giwercman supervisor 02a7e6a9-e7a3-4973-9763-386249286a6e Mona Bungum supervisor a53bfd58-e52b-434f-b3ba-b1f611e809b6 associate professor Kersti Lundin opponent Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden Reproductive medicine, Malmö v1000585 department Reproductive medicine, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/271c8f53-dd9f-4d0a-9608-97938607577c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8110782/Thesis_Krzysztof_O.pdf application/pdf 2024260 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Infertility male factor IVF/ICSI SCSA DFI ART Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-290-0 88 2016-05-20T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:64 271c8f53-dd9f-4d0a-9608-97938607577c 2016-05-27T16:18:44+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:14Z 2016-05-27T16:18:44+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f8c12896-b789-4394-b9cd-1cece113fb08 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published room 104, Pufendorfinstitutet, Biskopsgatan 3, Lund 1 Nils Holmberg author f3ee7986-4dd9-4354-af43-14f3a0223e31 Helena Sandberg supervisor bcd8da7b-1f36-47ba-94dd-981e3ebf48ba Kenneth Holmqvist supervisor ce797dca-fb26-4d54-bbef-b24602b672cd Associate Professor Jessica Taylor Piotrowski opponent University of Amsterdam Media and Communication Studies v1000068 department Lund University Humanities Lab v1000037 department Children, advertising, and internet project This dissertation consists of four eye-tracking studies that investigate how salient online advertising and children's level of executive function contributes to their advert distraction. In Study 1, children aged 9 were instructed to surf freely on the internet while all advert material appearing on-screen was registered. The analyses examined how perceptual prominence in each online advert was related to children's visual attention. In Study 2, a mock-up advergame website was designed with controlled advert conditions, and children aged 9 and 12 were instructed to solve a number of in-game tasks. This study investigated the combined effects of perceptual prominence (e.g. abrupt onset) and content relevance (e.g. personalized content) on children's advert distraction. The results of the first two studies showed significant positive effects of advert saliency on children's visual attention. Due to the task-oriented research design used in the second study, it was possible to interpret these effects on visual attention in terms of advert distraction. Both studies showed that higher levels of inhibitory control in children significantly decreased the effects of advert saliency on visual attention and advert distraction.<br/><br/>The following two studies, investigated how advert animation affected children's online reading comprehension and information search on commercial websites. In Study 3, children aged 9 were presented with factual texts that they were instructed to read in order to answer comprehension questions. Each text was presented on a web page which also featured static or animated online adverts. In Study 4, children aged 9 were instructed to solve two online task types featuring concurrent online advertising: reading and information search. The results of these studies showed that animated online advertising had significant negative effects on children's task performance. In the third study, it was found that animated adverts had a negative effect on children's reading comprehension, and that this negative effect was stronger among children with low levels of inhibitory control. The fourth study found that advert animation had a significant positive effect on children's cognitive load across task types. Taken together, this dissertation project has studied children's online advert distraction in a wide range of realistic internet usage situations. Denna avhandling består av fyra delstudier som undersöker hur internetreklam påverkar barns visuella uppmärksamhet. Syftet med studierna var att ta reda på om barn distraherades av internetreklam när de interagerade med webbsidor med hjälp av en vanlig webbläsare. Varje delstudie undersökte hur en specifik uppsättning variabler och faktorer gemensamt bidrog till att predicera hur barnen betraktade internetreklam som presenterades på ett antal webbsidor. De faktorer som varierades i samband med barnens internetanvänding var: 1) vilken webbaserad uppgift barnet skulle försöka lösa på nätet (fri webbsurfning, kommersiellt online-spel, textläsning på nätet, eller informationssökning), 2) webbannonsernas perceptuella och innehållsliga egenskaper (perceptuell prominens och innehållslig relevans), och 3) barnens demografiska egenskaper och individuella förmåga att kontrollera sitt blickbeteende. Studierna genomfördes på så sätt att barnen fick surfa på nätet samtidigt som deras ögonrörelser registrerades med hjälp av en särskild kamera som var monterad på undersidan av datorskärmen. Innan barnen fick surfa på nätet genomfördes ett så kallat anti-saccadtest för att fastställa deras individuella nivå av blickkontroll. Tidigare neuropsykologisk forskning har visat att anti-saccadtestet ger en god uppskattning av individuell förmåga till responsinhibering och exekutiv kontroll. Sammanlagt deltog 137 barn i åldrarna 9--12 år i någon av de fyra delstudierna, och alla delstudier genomfördes i barnens naturliga skolmiljö för att erhålla så god ekologisk validitet som möjligt.<br/><br/>Resultatet av studierna visar att barnens individuella förmåga till blickkontroll ökade med ålder. Detta resultat återspeglar att barn i åldern 8--10 år genomgår en omfattande kognitiv utveckling till följd av snabb tillväxt i hjärnans prefrontala cortex. Detta medförde att barn i 9-årsåldern generellt hade låg förmåga till viljestyrt blickbeteende och att de uppvisade stora individuella skillnader. Vid fri webbsurfning visade det sig att hög perceptuell prominens hos internetreklamen (t.ex. animering) ökade barnens visuella uppmärksamhet (Studie 1). När barnen spelade online-spel visade det sig att annonser som plötsligt dök upp på webbsidan (perceptuell prominens) hade ett positivt samband med hur mycket barnen tittade på annonserna, men relevant reklaminnhåll hade en ännu starkare effekt i samma riktning (Studie 2). Dock påverkade inget av annonsvillkoren barnens spelprestationer. Äldre barn (12 år) klarade speluppgiften bättre än yngre barn (9 år). En viktig metodutveckling i denna studie var införandet av uppgiftsstyrd interaktion med webbsidor. Denna forskningsdesign innebar att visuell uppmärksamhet riktad mot webbannonserna på ett tydligare sätt kunde kopplas till distraktion från uppgiften. Sammantaget visade de två första studierna att internetreklamen hade tydliga effekter på barns visuella uppmärksamhet och annonsdistraktion. De efterföljande studierna stävade efter att undersöka eventuella effekter av online-reklam på barns förmåga att lösa uppgifter på nätet, dvs. effekter på prestationer.<br/><br/>En webbaserad uppgift där barn behöver uppnå goda prestationer är läsförståelse. När uppgiften var att läsa texter på nätet och sedan svara på förståelsefrågor så upptäcktes att animerade annonser som presenterades till höger om texten hade en generell negativ effekt på 9-åringars läsförståelse i ett efterföljande förståelsetest (Studie 3). Den negativa effekten av annonsanimering på läsförståelse var dessutom förstärkt hos barn med lägre förmåga till responsinhibering, vilket innebär att denna grupp tycks särskilt sensitiv för internetreklam. Animerade annonser medförde också en ökad distraktion i form av fler ögonrörelser riktade mot dessa annonser (fixeringar och saccader) jämfört med statiska versioner av samma annonser. I den sista studien jämfördes hur animerade annonser påverkade barns distraktion i samband med två olika webbaserade uppgiftstyper: läsning och informationssökning (Studie 4). Denna studie undersökte först hur uppgiftstyperna påverkade barnens kognitiva belastning, vilken uppmättes genom att analysera pupilldilatation. Resultaten visade att uppgifter baserade på informationssökning medförde en högre kognitiv belastning än läsning. Animerade annonser som presenterades samtidigt med uppgifterna medförde att barnens arbetsbelastning ökade ytterligare jämfört med statiska annonser. Barnens annonsdistraktion (visuell uppmärksamhet på icke-relevanta annonser) var högre i samband med uppgifter med lägre arbetsbelastning (läsning), vilket tolkas som att barn kan vara mer sårbara för annonsdistraktion vid automatiserade och/eller lågintensiva uppgifter som läsning.<br/><br/>De undersökningar som genomförts inom detta avhandlingsarbete visar sammantaget att barn i åldern 9--12 år på flera sätt är känsliga för innehållsliga och visuella egenskaper hos webbannonser. Genom att dessa undersökningar har utförts med hjälp av fysiologiska mätmetoder med hög precision (validitet) samt experimentella forskningsdesigner (reliabilitet) så bör resultaten kunna generaliseras till en större population av barn och till ett större urval av deras webbaktiviteter. Den främsta förhoppningen med denna avhandling är att resultaten ska kunna bidra till att ge beslutsfattare och näringsliv ett bättre underlag i arbetet med att göra den kommersiella webben mer användarvänlig för dess yngsta användargrupp. Ur ett mer forskningsnära perspektiv bidrar denna avhandling till den så kallade effektforskningen inom medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap. Genom att undersöka oavsiktliga korttidseffekter av webbannonser på barns visuella uppmärksamhet och uppgiftsstyrda webbinteraktion, visar denna avhandling på en kombination av teoretiska utgångspunkter och metoder som skulle kunna tillämpas på andra områden inom medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f8c12896-b789-4394-b9cd-1cece113fb08 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/16812566/nils_holmberg_thesis.pdf application/pdf 7126715 no Lund University 2016 eng online advertising children website interaction visual attention distraction cognitive load eye-tracking task-orientation media effects visual saliency executive functions media literacy inhibitory control Media and Communication Studies Applied Psychology (including Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy) 978-91-7753-052-7 978-91-7753-053-4 10.13140/RG.2.2.34031.64168 http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34031.64168 210 2016-12-09T10:00:00+01:00 f8c12896-b789-4394-b9cd-1cece113fb08 2016-05-31T12:48:53+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-05-31T12:48:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0bed5110-bbf1-4c97-be14-6638406261e8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Jenny D. Nauclér author e37d0a09-703e-4a3e-bf9d-6a8876af0cf1 Alexander Konnov supervisor b8a02f1b-b0df-406b-96ef-668580011744 Elna Heimdal Nilsson supervisor 31b3566a-7c3c-4394-b006-e25a2a75a749 Professor Terese Løvås opponent Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Combustion Physics v1000625 department Combustion of fuels is a major source of energy and at the same time a threat to the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the obstacles on the route to cleaner energy. Combining Carbon Capture and Storage-technology (CCS) with use of biofuels lead to a negative net release of CO2 can be achieved. With some CCS-techniques the CO2 is repurposed in the combustion process together with O2. However, use of CO2 in the combustion process changes the prerequisites for the combustion process, and challenges our knowledge of fuel characteristics and chemistry.<br/>The first objective of the thesis was to increase the knowledge of fuels burnt under CO2-rich conditions. An increased understanding of alcohol chemistry under such conditions is of interest for its effect on fundamental combustion properties, such as the laminar burning velocity. Measurements of the laminar burning velocity were performed using the Heat flux method for ethanol and methanol flames with O2+CO2 as the oxidizer. The experimental results were used as input to evaluate the performance of kinetic mechanisms from literature validated for combustion with air, at CO2-rich conditions and examining how the mechanisms interpret the chemistry in the examined mixtures. <br/>A second objective of the thesis was to study the ignition and flame characteristics of fuels with fuel-bound nitrogen, using nitromethane as a model-fuel. Nitromethane+O2+N2 were examined for ignition characteristics in a shock tube, and the laminar burning velocity was examined for nitromethane burnt with air and with O2+CO2. From combining the experimental results with modeling and literature studies, the importance of knowledge of a fuel’s combustion characteristics, when interpreting experimental results was highlighted. Both objectives of the thesis, on CO2-rich combustion and fuel-nitrogen combustion, were combined when nitromethane was studied at CO2-rich condition.<br/>Knowledge on important fundamental combustion properties under CO2-rich conditions was provided to the scientific community in the form of experimental results on laminar burning velocity and ignition characteristics. An evaluation of current knowledge of the underlying chemistry behind these fundamental combustion properties, was provided through kinetic modeling, highlighting gaps in our current understanding of combustion chemistry.<br/> Förbränning är både vår största källa till energi och ett stort hot mot miljön i form av föroreningar och växthusgaser. Ett par av de stora bovarna i sammanhanget är koldioxid och kväveoxider och de stora mängderna av dessa i atmosfären. Där bidrar koldioxid till den globala uppvärmningen i egenskap av växthusgas. Kväveoxider påverkar både miljö och människors hälsa negativt genom att bilda marknära ozon. Tillsammans med vatten orsakar kväveoxiderna surt regn som skadar skogar och vattenbaserade ekosystem.<br/>Försök till att begränsa koldioxidutsläpp görs genom Carbon Capture and Storage-tekniker (CCS). Dessa tekniker går ut på att separera ut koldioxiden och lagra den istället för att släppa ut den i atmosfären. I oxy-fuel-tekniker inom CCS kan koldioxiden återanvändas under förbränningsprocessen tillsammans med syre istället för luft. Kombinerat med biobränslen kan till och med ett negativt netto-utsläpp av koldioxid nås via oxy-fuel-tekniker. Att återanvända koldioxiden förändrar dock förutsättningarna för förbränningsprocessen jämför med konventionell förbränning med luft. Därmed skapas ett behov av grundläggande forskning angående förbränning av bränslen vid koldioxidrika förhållanden.<br/>En viktig komponent för att förstå bränslen och dess kemi är att studera grundläggande egenskaper hos bränsleblandningar, som den laminära flamhastigheten. Det är den hastighet som en flamma rör sig genom att konsumera en bränsle/syreblandning. Det är en unik egenskap hos ett bränsle som i första hand är beroende av bränslet och dess kemi. Under arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling har mätning av den laminära flamhastigheten varit en stor del av det experimentella arbetet. <br/>Heat flux metoden användes för att mäta de laminära flamhastigheterna. Metoden tillåter att flamman stabiliseras på brännaren vid hastigheter nära den laminära flamhastigheten och utnyttjar därefter värmeutväxlingen mellan brännaren och flamman för att hitta den laminära flamhastigheten. De laminära flamhastigheterna ger inte bara information om bränslets förbränningsegenskaper, utan är värdefullt för att validera vår teoretiska förståelse för förbränningskemi.<br/>På grund av de höga temperaturerna vid förbränning så är förbränningskemi komplext att studera experimentellt. Många reaktioner kan ske och under korta tidsförlopp. Det gör det svårt att studera detaljer av förbränningskemin experimentellt. Därför är kinetiska modeller ett bra komplement till experimentella studier för förbränningsprocesser och bränslekemi. Kinetiska reaktionsmekanismer är en samling av kemiska reaktioner som används tillsammans för att beskriva kemin av ett bränsle vid förbränning. Genom att använda kinetiska modeller kan både flamegenskaper förutspås vid förhållanden som inte studerats experimentellt, och information om kemin ser ut på detaljnivå fås. Kvaliten på resultaten från kinetiska mekanismerna är dock starkt beroende på hur väl mekanismerna kan förutspå förbränningsegenskaper där vi har experimentella resultat. Det är viktigt att jämföra de simulerade resultaten med experiment vid olika förhållanden. Därigenom fås mekanismer som reflekterar så realistisk kemi som möjligt och i förlängningen tillförlitligt kunna användas utanför förhållanden som täcks av experimentella resultat. Därför innehåller studierna i denna avhandling mekanism validering, inte bara mot de egna resultaten utan även mot experiment från litteraturen. <br/>Det här forskningsprojektet fokuserar på att bidra med ny kunskap genom nya experimentella studier av grundläggande förbränningsegenskaper hos bränslen, under förhållanden som aldrig blivit undersökta för dessa bränslen tidigare. Flamhastigheter mättes för kända bränslen vid koldioxid rika förhållanden. Antändning undersöktes hos ett kvävebaserat bränsle. Kunskapsläget om kemin för de utvalda bränslena utreddes genom att testa prestationen hos väletablerade kinetiska mekanismer som presterar väl vid förbränning i luft, mot de nya experimentella resultaten.<br/>Bränslena som studerats i denna avhandling valdes med tanke på dess relevans för biobränslen. Alkoholer är vanliga biobränslen med användningsområden i dagen samhälle. Alkoholer används som bränsle, med etanol som är ett vanligt bränsle för bilar och metanol som används till båtmotorer. De är även intressanta i egenskap av förstadier till aldehyder, vilka är vanliga komponenter under förbränning av många andra bränslen. <br/>En positiv sidoeffekt vid användning av oxy-fuel-tekniker är att mängden kväveoxider minskar. Det är en effekt både av att inget kväve tillförs via luft och de ändrade förbränningsförhållandena som till exempel förbränningstemperatur och kemi. Då inget kväve tillförs via luft så återstår kväveoxiderna som ursprungligen från kväve bundet i bränsle. Ett kvävebaset bränsle som används idag är nitrometan, med tillämningar inom till exempel dragracing. Förutom dess användning som ett bränsle, så är nitrometan framför allt utmärkt som modell för att studera bränslebundet kväve på grund av dess kväve-innehåll bundet till kolet och dess enkla struktur.<br/>Laminära flamhastigheter för etanol och metanol tillsammans med O2+CO2 mättes med hjälp av Heat flux metoden för första gången. Därefter används resultaten för att utvärdera hur väl etablerade kinetiska mekanismer från litteraturen klarar av att beskriva alkoholkemin under koldioxidrika förhållanden. Där såg vi att mekanismer som presterar bra i konventionell förbränning med luft presterar sämre vid förbränning med koldioxid. Genom studien på etanol kom insikten att modellerna hanterar kemin under koldioxid-rika förhållanden liknande som de hanterar förbränning med luft. Intressant är att trots att de presterar väl för etanol+luft så skiljer sig prestationerna hos mekanismerna för etanol flammorna med mokylärt syre+koldioxid skiljer i kvalitet både jämfört med luft och emellan mekanismerna. I studien om metanolförbränning så visades det på att enkla modifieringar av kemin kunde förbättra kvaliteten på prestationen vid CO2-rika förhållanden utan att kompromissa på kapaciteten för att beskriva förbränning vid luft för en etablerad mekanism från litteraturen.<br/>För nitrometan studerades både den laminära flamhastigheten och trender i dess antändning. Med hjälp av de experimentella resultaten tillsammans med modelleringen och litteraturstudier bekräftades det att nitrometanförbränning har en ovanlig struktur, med två stadier både i flammor och under antändning. Den insikten användes till att utvärdera experimentella resultat från litteraturen och analysera de egna resultaten. Genom studien av antändningsfördröjningstiden i nitrometan+O2+N2 kunde informations om egenskaper som tryck- och temperaturberoende och beroendet av blandningsförhållande utredas för båda stadierna av antändningen. Aktiverings energi kunde härledas från för båda stadierna. Studierna om nitrometan visade på att kemin av nitrometan är ännu inte fullt utredd. Egenskaper som tryckoberoende antändning och flamhastigheter vid CO2-rika förhållanden kunde inte förutspås genom modellering. Tillsammans visade nitrometan-studierna på att kunskapsläget om förbränning av bränslen med kolbundet kväve genom nitrometan inte är tillräckligt. För att framgångsrikt kunna beskriva nitrometans grundläggande förbränningsegenskaper och kemi korrekt behövs djupgående studier som täcker olika förhållanden och förbränningsegenskaper. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0bed5110-bbf1-4c97-be14-6638406261e8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13248162/Jenny_Naucl_r_Thesis.pdf application/pdf 9918185 no MediaTryck Lund 2016-10-04 eng Alcohols Nitromethane Chemistry Laminar burning velocity Ignition Combustion Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Nauclér Other Physics Topics 978-91-7623-948-3 978-91-7623-949-0 160 2016-10-28T09:15:00+02:00 0bed5110-bbf1-4c97-be14-6638406261e8 2016-09-30T09:54:06+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-30T09:54:06+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:55616788-b195-4b0c-aec5-bc11e6022d3b 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Eva-Lena Stenblom author dcc31031-15f4-4465-b892-83ab27022ef8 Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson supervisor 54f7021f-ea49-4dd4-8b33-6489d536a5a4 Mona Landin-Olsson supervisor 57a27f0f-3ba7-4529-af62-587f78e445f0 professor Rikard Landberg opponent Chalmers, Gothenburg, Sweden Appetite Regulation v1000353 department Appetite Regulation research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/55616788-b195-4b0c-aec5-bc11e6022d3b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13249822/119479_2_G5_Eva_Lena_S.pdf application/pdf 5125051 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Appetite regulation Reward Obesity Fat metabolism Thylakoids Hunger Satiety Hedonic hunger Cravings Overweight Food intake Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-335-8 93 2016-10-28T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:109 55616788-b195-4b0c-aec5-bc11e6022d3b 2016-09-30T12:49:49+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z 2016-09-30T12:49:49+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ecdad436-3867-42e9-82e6-608c52ed10f2 2026-02-12T13:11:52Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published MA:01, Annexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 Matilda Landgren author 29016867-0c4f-408d-b955-4a89f5e68835 Anders Heyden supervisor d1e474bb-be17-4f13-bca9-0ff7d6323972 Niels Christian Overgaard supervisor 9cb67665-f328-4a49-beb4-da8f7ec1403a Fredrik Kahl supervisor 1e1b03ea-71a7-4e0f-8dd1-9042c44281c6 Dr Sami Brandt opponent University of Copenhagen ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication v1001238 department Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering) v1000667 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Mathematical Imaging Group project A large number of medical examinations involve images in some way. Images can be used for diagnostics, follow-up studies and treatment planning. In this thesis mathematical methods have been developed and adapted in order to analyze medical images. Several applications for different imaging modalities have been studied and the usefulness of such methods is demonstrated.<br/><br/>A complete system for detection and diagnosis of kidney lesions in scintigraphy images has been developed. We segment the kidneys with the use of an active shape model. The uptake of a biological molecule is then compared to the uptake in a healthy kidney and potential lesions are detected. A number of properties of the potential lesions are gathered and the lesions are classified as healthy or unhealthy with a linear classifier. We are able to correctly classify 86 % of the lesions.<br/><br/>Ultrasound images have also been studied. In the first case for the purpose of segmenting the left heart ventricle, which can be used for computing the ejection fraction. This was done using a region based snake with anchor points at each side of the cardiac valve. The second application in ultrasound images is also of the heart but with patients that, due to heart failure, have had a mechanical pump implanted. The septum wall between the ventricles is segmented using a shortest path approach and a measure of how much the septum bulges towards either of the ventricles is obtained. By studying this measure a more objective indication is given on whether the speed of the pump is correct for a patient than by only visually study the images.<br/><br/>In computed tomography (CT) whole-body images, several organs have been segmented using a multi-atlas approach. The fused labels are refined with a random forest classifier and a final graph cut segmentation. This method was evaluated in the VISCERAL Grand Anatomy Challenge and achieved the highest Dice score for 13 out of 20 organs. A development of this approach was done in order to achieve qualitatively better segmentations of the organs. Instead of fusing organ labels, a map of corresponding landmarks is obtained and the segmentation is given by the robust average of these with similar refinement steps as in the origin work. The segmentation results using this method is on par with or better than state-of-the-art. Segmentation of organs is important in e.g. radiotherapy planning.<br/><br/>In another project with CT images, vertebrae have been detected and identified. This is useful in for instance surgical planning. The detection is done using convolutional neural networks. A shape model of the spine is fitted to the detections in order to correctly identify them. The task is difficult because, in general, only a limited part of the spine is visible. We are able to correctly identify 63 % of the vertebrae. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ecdad436-3867-42e9-82e6-608c52ed10f2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13428136/thesis_kappa.pdf application/pdf 967339 no Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University 2016 eng Other Mathematics 978-91-7623-988-9 978-91-7623-989-6 155 2016-10-28T13:15:00+02:00 ecdad436-3867-42e9-82e6-608c52ed10f2 2016-10-03T10:14:30+02:00 2026-02-12T13:11:52Z 2016-10-03T10:14:30+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:31b31477-c77e-4199-95cb-f92e5a1fe206 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre I, lecture hall “Världen”, Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Finn Hedefalk author d9af700e-f3c0-4c08-b570-8d649e4be303 Lars Harrie supervisor ca15229c-36c1-42bb-bb8e-717fa4f7fb3d Patrick Svensson supervisor 5b269b9a-fe07-493f-b946-d5ca9bfb97ac A Mansourian supervisor f2c7314b-e9bf-4630-be96-f580ed430d85 Professor Chris Dibben opponent University of Edinburgh Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Centre for Economic Demography v1000018 department eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Life histories across time and space project Historical demographic research is central to understanding past human behaviours and traits, such as fertility, mortality and migration. An essential part of historical demography is conducting longitudinal analyses at the micro-level, which involves the detailed follow-up of individuals over long time periods throughout their lives. By including the geographic context in such analyses, we can study how the environment has affected human living conditions over long time periods. However, the use of micro-level geographic factors in historical longitudinal analyses is seldom feasible because of the absence of data. Thus, studies have been primarily limited to examining the geographic context on an aggregated level.<br/><br/>In five papers, this thesis contributes to historical demographic research by adding and utilising micro-level geographic factors in longitudinal historical analyses. First, we develop and implement methods for creating detailed longitudinal geographic data that are integrated with longitudinal demographic micro-level data. We then perform novel studies of the effect of the environment on demographic outcomes at the micro-level.<br/><br/>Papers I-III include micro-level geographic factors with longitudinal historical analyses. Paper I contributes to the standardisation of longitudinal demographic data by geographically extending the Intermediate Data Model (IDS) using standardised exchange formats. Paper II presents methods for geocoding longitudinal demographic databases. The core part of the process is to transform geographic objects as snapshots (digitised from historical maps) into longitudinal object-lifeline time representations (with information about the creation, changes and ends of each object). Individuals are subsequently linked to these geographic objects. We geocoded the Scanian Economic Demographic Database (SEDD) from 1813 to 1914. Approximately 53,000 individuals who lived in five rural parishes in southern Sweden are linked to the property units where they lived. Geographic snapshot data (e.g., roads and buildings) are also created. Paper III improves and evaluates the geocoded database, and wetlands in object-lifelines are added.<br/><br/>Paper IV investigates how longitudinal demographic analyses are affected by different geocoding levels and presents methods for quantifying geographic factors. In a novel case study, we use a geocoded database to analyse the effect of population density and proximity to wetlands on the risk of dying for the period 1850-1914. We show that even small differences between the property units and coarser geographic levels and the choice of method for quantifying the geographic factors substantially affected the results of the demographic analyses. Therefore, geocoding to property units is likely needed for fine-scale analyses at distances within a few hundred metres. In addition, proximity to wetlands affected the mortality of women, which may indicate exposure to malaria-transmitting mosquitoes.<br/><br/>Paper V focuses on the role of nutrition in historical societies by analysing the effect of soil type on child mortality in the five parishes between 1850 and 1914. Certain soil types seem to have influenced agricultural productivity, which in turn affected the nutrition of farmers’ children and their risk of dying. This study adds new findings about the importance of nutrition and agricultural productivity regarding child mortality in preindustrial Sweden.<br/><br/>To conclude, this thesis enables the novel inclusion of geographic micro-level factors into historical longitudinal studies. The results increase our understanding about how the micro-level geographic context affected individual living conditions throughout history. The geocoding of the demographic database has also proved to be a unique and important resource for historical and geographic research and a starting point for additional research that includes the micro-level geographic context. Historisk-demografisk forskning är central för att förstå mänskliga beteenden och egenskaper genom historien, såsom fertilitet, dödlighet och migration. En väsentlig del inom historisk demografi är att utföra longitudinella analyser på mikronivå. Detta innebär att individer följs kontinuerligt över livscykeln utifrån demografiska händelser (födelse, giftermål, flyttningar och död) under flera generationer. Genom att inkludera geografiska sammanhang i sådana analyser kan vi studera hur geografiska faktorer har påverkat livsförhållanden genom historien. Användningen av geografiska faktorer på mikronivå i longitudinella analyser av historiska befolkningar är emellertid sällan möjligt eftersom data saknas. Därför har analyserna i huvudsak varit begränsade till att utföras på större geografiska regioner.<br/><br/>I denna avhandling ingår fem artiklar som syftar till att stärka och utveckla historisk-demografisk forskning genom att inkludera och studera geografiska faktorer på mikronivå i longitudinella historiska analyser. <br/>Den första artikeln bidrar till standardiseringen av longitudinella demografiska data genom att utvidga en standardiserad datamodell så att geografiska data kan inkluderas. Den andra artikeln integrerar historiska kartor med demografiska data på individnivå. En central del är utveckling av konceptuella metoder för integrering av data och modeller för att hantera olika representationer av tid. Baserat på denna metodologi har vi integrerat historisk och modern detaljerad geografisk information med historisk-demografisk data på mikronivå från Skånes ekonomisk-demografiska databas (SEDD). Databasen omfattar alla individer som levt i fem skånska församlingar under perioden 1646 till nutid. Individerna följs kontinuerligt över livscykeln utifrån demografiska händelser och till dessa data har ekonomiska data (yrke, inkomst, jordinnehav) tillfogats. Vi geokodade c:a 53 000 individer i dessa församlingar till de fastigheter där de levde för perioden 1813-1914. Vidare har vi skapat årlig information om när varje fastighet skapades och upphörde att existera, och om eventuella förändringar i fastighetens geometri. Artikel nummer tre förbättrar och utvärderar den geokodade databasen och inkluderar årlig information om våtmarker.<br/><br/>I den fjärde artikeln studerar vi hur olika geografiska skalor i geokodningen och olika definitioner av geografiska faktorer påverkar kvaliteten på historisk-demografiska longitudinella analyser. Genom att använda den geokodade databasen analyserar vi hur befolkningstäthet och närhet till våtmarker påverkar risken att dö att under perioden 1850-1914. Studien visar att även små skillnader mellan den mest detaljerade skalan (dvs., fastighetsnivå) och de något grövre geografiska skalorna, och valet av metod för att definiera geografiska faktorer, väsentligt påverkade resultaten av de historisk-demografiska analyserna. Därför behövs sannolikt en geokodning till fastigheter för att möjliggöra finskaliga analyser där geografiska faktorer studeras inom ett par hundra meter. Dessutom visar studien att närhet till våtmarker påverkade dödligheten hos kvinnor, vilket indikerar att våtmarker under denna period ökade exponering för malaria-överförande myggor.<br/><br/>Slutligen undersöker vi i artikel nummer fem hur geografin har påverkat levnadsförhållanden i de fem församlingarna under perioden 1850-1914. Genom att fokusera på kost undersöker vi hur jordtyp har påverkat barnadödligheten på gårdsnivå (via näringsstatus). Studien visar att vissa jordtyper verkar ha påverkat produktiviteten inom jordbruket, vilket i sin tur påverkade näringen för barn i åldrarna 1-15 (vars föräldrar var beroende av jordbruk) och därmed risken för att dö. Denna studie kommer med nya rön om vikten av kost och produktivitet inom jordbruket med avseende på barnadödligheten i det förindustriella Sverige. <br/><br/>Avslutningsvis bidrar denna avhandling med att införa geografiska faktorer på mikronivå i longitudinella historiska studier. Resultaten från avhandlingen ökar vår förståelse för hur geografiska faktorer har påverkat livsförhållanden genom historien. Geokodningen av den demografiska databasen har också visat sig vara en unik och viktig resurs för historisk och geografisk forskning, särskilt eftersom dessa detaljerade data täcker en sådan lång tidsperiod (1813-1914). Förhoppningsvis blir resultatet från denna avhandling en utgångspunkt för ytterligare studier kring spatiala mönster och exponering på mikronivå.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/31b31477-c77e-4199-95cb-f92e5a1fe206 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13536331/Kappa_Finn_H_Omsl.pdf application/pdf 9798105 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2016-10 eng Geographic micro-level factors longitudinal historical data geocoding historical demography 19th century individual level spatio-temporal analysis detailed geographic data geographic context. property units rural historical soceties Geographic micro-level factors longitudinal historical data geocoding historical demography 19th century individual level spatio-temporal analysis detailed geographic data property units geographic context Human Geography History Physical Geography Other Computer and Information Science Health Sciences 978-91-85793-63-1 978-91-85793-64-8 241 2016-11-04T10:15:00+01:00 31b31477-c77e-4199-95cb-f92e5a1fe206 2016-10-03T10:34:32+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-03T10:34:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b3586241-0061-4fb8-99ca-c263f63fa9ba 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published V:C, V-building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. 1 ANGELICA LIDÉN author 6469c62f-2f1f-47a3-98f9-5f2505a26dbe Kenneth M Persson supervisor 8a63723f-4810-47ab-85c1-47b82ab99a2a Ann-Sofi Jönsson supervisor ce2d8536-39ff-4fd6-a5be-09e60f148b87 Professor Wolfgang Uhl opponent Norsk institutt for vannforskning NIVA, Norway Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department Surface water is vital for Swedish drinking water supply. In the past decades, a trend of increased total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations has led to higher consumption of coagulants in drinking water treatment, and has pushed the levels in the outgoing water closer to the allowed levels of TOC. Also, two occasions of cryptosporidium outbreaks in northern Sweden have stressed the importance of reliable microbiological barriers.<br/>Ultrafilters and tighter membranes can, due to size exclusion, produce a safe water by reducing the occurrence of parasites, bacteria and virus 10,000-fold or more. Combined with a coagulation pretreatment, ultrafiltration has the additional benefit of removing natural organic matter (NOM), whereas nanofiltration can remove NOM without coagulant. <br/>This dissertation presents results for NOM removal by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration from several raw water sources. The results were collected in mobile pilot plants at several locations. The coagulation and ultrafiltration process could achieve similar NOM removal as current chemical treatment, to a similar cost, and with a lower environmental impact. Hollow fiber nanofiltration achieved advanced NOM removal, reducing TOC with around 90 % and UV-absorbing species at 254 nm of up to 97 %. Thus, it is selective to aromatic NOM, similar to conventional treatment. The cost for the operation of a treatment process would increase if coagulation/sedimentation would be replaced with a nanofiltration step, but the environmental impact would decrease substantially. <br/>The NOM removal was studied by the aid of fluorescence spectrometry. Fluorescence can be related to characteristics of NOM, which has been implemented in this study. The application of fluorescence as a monitoring method has been evaluated through indices and other fluorescence derived parameters. Some of these, e.g. fluorescence index, have showed significant correlations to treatment efficiencies. Similar to TOC and UV-absorbance, significant changes in the nanofilter permeate was possible to relate to integrity breaches, and these NOM related parameters have shown potential for integrity monitoring.<br/>With such advanced NOM removal and advanced monitoring techniques, membrane filtration has a promising future in Swedish drinking water treatment. It decreases the risk for waterborne pathogens. Specifically, nanofiltration can lead to lower risks for disinfection by-products and regrowth in the distribution system. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b3586241-0061-4fb8-99ca-c263f63fa9ba https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13440921/Kappa_25_sep.pdf application/pdf 18701798 no Water Resources Engineering, Lund University 2016 eng Boreal lakes Drinking water Nanofiltration Natural organic matter Ultrafiltration Engineering and Technology 978-91-7623-990-2 978-91-7623-991-9 100 2016-10-28T10:15:00+02:00 b3586241-0061-4fb8-99ca-c263f63fa9ba 2016-10-03T15:03:04+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-10-03T15:03:04+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:915d02f8-7f7a-47aa-a66f-4cd22266a3ba 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Health Sciences Centre, Baravägen 3 i Lund. 1 Stina Jonasson author c5e0573d-e4b3-4fee-b46f-6cc1c3db53dd Jan Lexell supervisor a65d0a91-c84f-49bb-bdf5-d3eeef69847a Maria H Nilsson supervisor cb825041-c576-4930-b610-f2869b93c958 docent Karin Hellström opponent Uppsala University MultiPark: Multidisciplinary research on neurodegenerative diseases v1001244 department Rehabilitation medicine v1000425 department Rehabilitation medicine research group Home, Health and Disability along the Process of Ageing project Fear of falling (FOF) is common in persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may have large consequences in daily life, causing a sedentary lifestyle, social isolation and reduced quality of life. FOF is therefore an important aspect to consider for researchers as well as clinicians and the rehabilitation team. Adequate and high quality rating scales are needed to be able to accurately assess FOF and thereby monitor how it changes over time. To facilitate the process of choosing a suitable rating scale, the conceptual understanding of commonly used FOF rating scales needs to be improved and further knowledge of their psychometric properties is needed. In order to provide optimal treatment, care and rehabilitation for people with PD, comprehensive studies that explore explanatory factors of FOF are needed. Moreover, there is a need for a deeper and richer understanding of FOF as a phenomenon. As yet, no study has explored how persons with PD experience FOF.<br> The overarching aim of this thesis was to increase the knowledge of how FOF can be assessed in persons with PD, as well as to expand and deepen the understanding of FOF in persons with PD in relation to explanatory factors and the persons’ own experiences.<br> Four different FOF rating scales were analyzed in the first two studies. These were the Swedish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES(S)), Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) and modified Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (mSAFFE). The first study was a linking study in which the four FOF rating scales were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This study did not include any empirical data. The second study was a psychometric study, in which the four FOF rating scales were administered twice (test and retest) as a postal survey. This study included 102 participants (median age 74 years, median PD duration 5 years). The third study was a multivariable regression study, in which explanatory factors of FOF (conceptualized as concerns about falling) were explored, taking both PD-related disabilities, personal and environmental factors into consideration. This study included 241 participants (median age 70 years, median PD duration 8 years). The fourth study was a qualitative interview study which explored how persons with PD and FOF experienced their FOF. Interviews were conducted with twelve persons with PD (median age 70 years, median PD duration 9 years). <br> The linking study revealed that the vast majority of the items in the four FOF rating scales emphasized the ICF component of activities and participation. All four scales predominately focused on the chapter of mobility, in particular the ABC, whereas the other scales were more diverse. The psychometric comparison revealed that ABC had markedly worse data completeness than the other scales, and FES(S) and ABC had more outliers when comparing the two test occasions. All four scales showed acceptable reliability, but FES-I was the only scale with a test-retest reliability that reached the suggested level for usage in individual comparisons. Several factors were significant (p &lt; 0.05) explanatory factors of concerns about falling. Walking difficulties in everyday life were the strongest explanatory factor, followed by orthostatism, motor symptoms, age and fatigue. FOF affected the lives of the persons with PD and FOF in several ways. It was experienced as a disturbance in everyday life. FOF was a varying experience and different strategies were adopted to handle FOF.<br> In conclusion, FES-I or mSAFFE are suggested for assessing FOF in people with PD. However, scale selection should consider the aspects of FOF that one wishes to address. Moreover, the results indicate that interventions targeting FOF need to be individually tailored for persons with PD and focus on several aspects, e.g., PD-related symptoms and disabilities, activities and environmental factors. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/915d02f8-7f7a-47aa-a66f-4cd22266a3ba https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13484753/Stina_B_Jonasson._Thesis_2016.pdf application/pdf 1212368 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Activity avoidance Balance confidence Concerns about falling Fall-related self-efficacy International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Linking study Psychometrics Qualitative research Regression analysis Reliability Self-reported rating scale 978-91-7619-331-0 98 2016-11-04T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:105 915d02f8-7f7a-47aa-a66f-4cd22266a3ba 2016-10-04T11:14:14+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z 2016-10-04T11:14:14+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:560d5b84-58d7-48b2-8256-44d5e9300695 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Isabelle Leefa Chong San author d450a001-bcd0-4014-bde4-b98a55fa6fde Ulrike Nuber supervisor 69e1b909-8a67-481d-a7b3-579cd770bce9 Isabella Artner supervisor 50f27471-5c12-418b-9737-63658303af68 senior forskare Jesper Nylandsted opponent Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Stem Cell Center v1000561 department StemTherapy: National Initiative on Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy v1001247 department Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPs) are multipotent and self-renew over an extensive period of time. Transformation events in such cells, such as genetic or epigenetic alterations can result in brain tumors. One goal of research on brain tumors is to identify which regulators are impaired during tumor initiation, development and maintenance in order to understand the origin of brain tumors and the resistance displayed by tumor cells towards apoptosis, radiation or other aggression. This might ultimately help to target the latter to make them vulnerable to drug treatment. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells therefore represent an essential tool for understanding brain cancer mechanisms.Article 1 presents our findings as to the role of PODXL in NSPs. Using a gain-of-function approach we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of PODXL in NSPs. We found Podxl-overexpressing NSPs to have a higher viable and lower apoptotic cell fraction than control NSPs. We identified concomitant overexpression of ANXA2 at both transcript and protein levels and showed that absence of Anxa2 in Podxl-overexpressing cells reduced cell viability and increases apoptosis. We therefore propose a molecular link between PODXL and ANXA2 where both exert pro-survival effects in NSPs and overexpression of Podxl activates the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway which in turn up-regulates Anxa2 expression.In Article 2, we show a mechanism of action of the transcription factor BMI-1, which is up-regulated in several tumors, including brain tumors. We found increased NSP cell proliferation and self-renewal upon Bmi1 overexpression and identified the tumor-suppressor EphA7 as a novel target of BMI-1. Absence of Bmi1 led to de-repression of EphA7 in vitro. In vivo, while Bmi1-/- mice showed severe depletion of dividing cells (neuroblasts and neural progenitor cells), we found that Bmi1-/-EphA7-/- mice showed a partial rescue of their proliferative potential in the dorsolateral corner of the anterior lateral ventricular wall. Lastly, by bisulfite sequencing analysis we demonstrated that silencing of EphA7 by BMI-1 was accompanied by DNA methylation of the promoter region of EphA7.Article 3 demonstrates our loss-of-function approach with the aims of developing a mouse model of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and understanding the role of Snf5 in brain development. By using the Cre-Lox system, we ablated Snf5 in Nestin-expressing cells. Snf5F/+Nestin-Cre- animals were normal, compared to Snf5F/+Nestin-Cre+ mice that displayed an immature brain with reduced cell density in the cortex and hippocampus. While this model has not shown any sign of AT/RT yet, it represents a starting point in elucidating the function of Snf5 in early brain development.In summary, we have reported the involvement of three regulators of NSP behavior in the context of brain tumors. We attempted to elucidate their mechanistic functions in tumor maintenance, tumor-suppressor silencing and brain tumor development. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/560d5b84-58d7-48b2-8256-44d5e9300695 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13484837/Thesis_PDF_Web_version.pdf application/pdf 2056702 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng neural stem/progenitor cells, regulators, brain tumor, cell of origin, cancer mechanisms Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-366-2 72 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13484833/Article_1.pdf application/pdf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13484835/Article_2.pdf application/pdf 2016-10-31T09:30:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:139 560d5b84-58d7-48b2-8256-44d5e9300695 2016-10-04T11:26:49+02:00 2025-10-21T11:05:16Z 2016-10-04T11:26:49+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c1ef3e23-4a46-4687-835f-d48a83b254c6 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Health Science Centre, Baravägen 3 i Lund. 1 Åsa Lefevre author 1d4aea51-6f01-4e22-9d53-1224074f4849 Inger Hallström supervisor 9b6d8940-1caf-48a9-95a5-acf6d2b6d9a2 Pia Lundqvist supervisor 605bbfb9-760f-4c93-b2b4-7246865ccf33 Eva Drevenhorn supervisor f2c543a9-a192-49c2-90a2-02f19f71b862 professor Catrine Kostenius opponent Luleå University of Technology Child and Family Health v1000415 department Child and Family Health research group Promoting early childhood health; supporting parents, vulnerable children and challenged families project LUC3 - Lund University Child Centered Care project The close relationship between young children’s living conditions and their health<br/>later in life is well documented and a safe and healthy environment during early<br/>childhood promotes cognitive functions and social development during the whole<br/>lifespan. Becoming a parent is a major life transition and it is sometimes described as a stressful and vulnerable time involving changes to lifestyle and routines. Parental groups are an important part of Swedish parental support and are offered to almost all parents in Sweden by the Child Health Service (CHS) during their child’s first year, but only half of the parents choose to participate.<br/><br/>The overall aim of this thesis was twofold, first to elucidate group-based early parental support provided by the CHS from the perspective of CHS nurses and parents, and secondly, based on the findings, to develop and evaluate a group-based intervention including a course in group leadership. Study A was a cross sectional study involving CHS nurses and parents with experiences from parental groups within CHS from one county in Sweden. A total of 156 CHS nurses from 31 of 33 municipalities and 143 parents from 71 parental groups at 27 different Child Health Care centres (CHC) completed two different questionnaires about their experiences of the parental groups provided by the CHS. Based on the findings of Study A, an intervention consisting of a course in group leadership was developed and evaluated in Study B. Fifty-six CHS nurses participated in a three-day course in group leadership. The intervention was evaluated using pre- and post-test questionnaires, a course evaluation, an open interview with course leaders and focus group interviews five to eight months after the course.<br/><br/>The findings in Study A showed that almost all CHS nurses managed parental groups and that specialized parental groups (groups for e.g., single parents or parents with non-Swedish backgrounds) were managed by half of the nurses and were more common at family centres. The participating parents were mostly Swedish, married, well-educated, working mothers who found the parental groups to be meaningful and strengthening. More than half of the parents had met someone with whom they socialized outside of the parental group meetings. Most of the topics addressed in the parental groups were of interest for both the CHS nurses and the parents, but the parents wanted more focus on topics such as parenting, child related community information and sex and relationships. Most of the parents were content with the group management, the nurses however felt that group leadership was difficult and challenging and expressed a need for education in group dynamics and group leadership. The CHS nurses who participated in the group leadership course in Study B felt strengthened in their group leader role and expressed a change in perception towards the work task. The group leader role was clarified and the nurses received the knowledge they needed to further develop their group leadership skills. They described that they had started to work differently with the groups and use their new tools to plan and perform the parental groups in new ways. The nurses felt encouraged to work with their parental groups and expressed feeling increased job satisfaction. <br/><br/>Despite extensive experience of leading parental groups, CHS nurses feel insecure in group leadership. A course in group leadership seems to strengthen the CHS nurses in their group leader role and might help them fulfil the objectives of parental groups. Parents attending CHCs with high Care Need Index are underrepresented in parental groups and there is a need to adjust the support to reach more parents. The parental groups have been performed more or less the same way since implemented in 1978 and other needs and demands may have risen. Improved confidence in group management might motivate the CHS nurses to further develop parental groups to attract the parents who currently choose not to participate. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c1ef3e23-4a46-4687-835f-d48a83b254c6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/15505300/_sa_Lefevre_thesis.pdf application/pdf 604135 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng parental support, parental groups, health promotion, group leadership, training, nurses, child health services, 978-91-7619-323-5 75 2016-11-03T09:00:00+01:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:97 c1ef3e23-4a46-4687-835f-d48a83b254c6 2016-10-04T16:43:52+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z 2016-10-04T16:43:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7a84f3a3-0663-441e-8ebd-91ab84a40fd3 2025-10-21T11:04:18Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, Kvinnokliniken, plan 3, Jan Waldenströms gata 47, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 LUBNA MEHDAWI author 0aa76a09-8c75-4bd0-b0cb-bdcde930ee9e Anita Sjölander supervisor e37ee265-4ac8-4a14-b7be-8afedf7d3945 Henrik Thorlacius supervisor e79d04ae-db3f-4da2-9e97-cb9db1e8f5ca Roy Ehrnström supervisor ae794ecd-1aed-4fe6-a3a8-0413bb6f44f6 professor Maréne Landström opponent Umeå University Cell Pathology, Malmö v1000564 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Cell Pathology, Malmö research group Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths. Inflammation is one of the risk factors for development of colon cancer. Interestingly immune cells as mast cells and inflammatory mediators as LTC4 play an important role in colon cancer. Genetic predisposition, which might lead to either activation of oncogenes or inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, are risk factors of colon cancer development.<br/>The aim of my thesis was to evaluate the clinical significance of the tumor suppressors 15-PGDH and WNT5A in colon cancer patients. I investigated the underlying mechanisms/signaling triggered by these tumor suppressors in colon cancer cells and whether the re-expression of these tumor suppressors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of colon cancer patients.<br/>I found that presence of mast cells in colon cancer tissue was associated with better prognosis of colon cancer patients, and the presence of mast cells in polyps/tumors in a colitis-associated colon cancer mouse model was also beneficial. I found that the tumor suppressor gene 15-PGDH is down-regulated in colon cancer patients as well as in colon cancer cell lines. This down- regulation is often seen in parallel with down-regulated WNT5A, the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling ligand. I found that down-regulation of both these proteins is associated with poor prognosis for colon cancer patients. My results show that treatment of colon cancer cells with Foxy-5, a WNT5A mimicking peptide, leads to up-regulation of 15-PGDH through JNK/AP-1 pathway. In addition, I also found that the pro-inflammatory mediator LTC4 via CysLTR2 can induce the expression of 15-PGDH through the JNK pathway, which indicate that LTC4 via CysLTR2 has an anti-tumor effect.<br/>In conclusion, these findings provide important information for better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the tumor suppressor genes in colon cancer and might help to identify new therapeutic targets for colon cancer patients. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7a84f3a3-0663-441e-8ebd-91ab84a40fd3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13624879/Lubna_20M_webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 12651816 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Tumor Suppressor Genes 15-PGDH WNT5A Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-345-7 67 2016-10-27T09:15:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:119 7a84f3a3-0663-441e-8ebd-91ab84a40fd3 2016-10-07T10:53:59+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:18Z 2016-10-07T10:53:59+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:78ae371f-bb48-4bcd-ad2d-920efb4fad7e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Ostrom, Josephson building, Biskopsgatan 5, Lund 1 Henner Busch author 073f9806-b4f0-4157-92db-be278f950fe6 Stefan Anderberg supervisor a7577d21-f2f7-4063-82c6-81cbaa16efa2 Christine Wamsler supervisor 7b29fc32-3cef-4cc0-a641-541fb57533dd Professor James Evans opponent The University of Manchester LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies) v1000928 department This thesis investigates the influence of transnational municipal climate networks (TMCNs) on urban climate governance in Germany. The reality of climate change means that cities all over the world are faced with two challenges. First, they need to go through decarbonisation transitions to mitigate climate change. Second, they need to adapt to the conditions of a changing climate. The growth of cities world-wide means that cities both constitute increasingly important hubs of carbon and material flows, and face increasing climate risk. This means that cities have to address both climate change mitigation and adaptation needs, while offering economies of scale for these measures.<br/>During recent decades, a number of TMCNs have emerged. These networks aim to improve the governance of climate change related issues in their member municipalities. Many German cities and municipalities have joined these networks, and today more than half of the German population (44 million people) lives in municipalities that are members of at least one of these networks. Despite the wide proliferation of TMCNs, research on their impact has remained unsystematic, and important aspects of their impact have been neglected by existing research.<br/>This thesis aims to close this research gap by tackling the impact of TMCNs on urban climate governance in a systematic manner through a variety of methods (including a survey, interviews, field visits, observations, literature and webpage analyses). My research focuses on the local level of climate governance, in particular on the perspective of urban climate managers, because they are key actors who link local climate governance to TMCNs. This perspective has been neglected thus far by research on TMCNs.<br/>My results show that urban climate managers use their city’s membership in TMCNs mostly for fostering internal governance of climate issues. Specifically, membership in TMCNs is used by climate managers to support internal mobilisation on climate policies, to formulate emission reduction goals, and to institutionalise climate trajectories by, for example, creating new positions in the administration. Interaction between the local and the network level, such as project support provided by the networks, is seen as relevant but less important than previously expected. In addition, in sharp contrast to research findings in other contexts, actors in German cities seldom use the city’s memberships in these networks for green city branding purposes. Another important finding is that the interests of actors in member cities can differ significantly from staff of TMCNs, which might be due to funding issues. Networks have to rely on external funding (e.g., from the European Union or national funding schemes) to maintain their staff and infrastructure, and thus the expectations of actors in cities are sometimes not met, as is the case of the Covenant of Mayors.<br/>By shifting the perspective to the local (or operational) governance level I am able to draw attention to impacts of TMCNs which so far have been overlooked. Based on my results, I argue that research in the field of TMCNs needs to pay more attention to internal processes at the local level of climate governance, including political struggles and contestations, else we risk missing important impacts of these networks on urban climate governance. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/78ae371f-bb48-4bcd-ad2d-920efb4fad7e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13139045/e_nailing_Henner.pdf application/pdf 3400797 no Lund University 2016-09-28 eng transnational municipal climate networks local climate governance urban development climate change mitigation climate change adaptation Germany Other Social Sciences 978-91-982201-1-7 978-91-982201-2-4 172 2016-10-28T10:15:00+02:00 78ae371f-bb48-4bcd-ad2d-920efb4fad7e 2016-09-28T17:29:26+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-28T17:29:26+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d424b5ec-40ca-4851-884b-50b810df6c45 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published CRC Aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Helena Malm author bbd0af45-bf20-4013-be7f-430e43b69023 Lena Eliasson supervisor ce323f22-e03e-40cf-a37a-8ad9dd035fdd Marju Orho-Melander supervisor f302ab65-ce28-44d3-af80-2c08fcab8632 Ines Mollet supervisor 1dc33cb2-8315-41b0-9571-4ae82ac66b12 professor Shanta Persaud opponent King's College, London Diabetes - Islet Cell Exocytosis v1000493 department EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden v1001241 department Diabetes - Islet Cell Exocytosis research group Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance in the target tissue and insufficient insulin secretion from the beta cells. Finding new mechanisms and pathways involved in the regulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells is of great importance. Our group has earlier found, miRNA-212 and miRNA-132 to be upregulated in the non-obese type 2 diabetic GK rat. We hypothesize that the upregulation of these miRNAs is caused by a misregulation of the presumptive promoter of this miRNA-212/132 cluster. In this thesis I have therefore investigated mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of the miRNA-212/132-cluster and their regulation of insulin secre-tion in the pancreatic beta cell through their target proteins.<br/><br/>The studies were performed in INS1 832/13 cells and primary rat and human pancreatic islets. Cells were incubatedat different glucose concentrations in the absence or prescence of cAMP-stimulation using GLP-1 or a combinationof forskolin (FSK) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Modulations of expression of different transcriptionalfactors, miRNA-212 and miRNA-132 were performed using siRNA, LNA and mature miRNA mimics. The rat miRNA-212/132 promoter was cloned into a luciferase construct to evaluate the activity of the miRNA-212/132 promoter at different conditions, a DuoLink experiment was performed to elucidate interactions between different proteins and an Ago2-RNA-immuno-precipitation was performed to verify a direct gene target of miRNA-132. Results were evaulated by qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescene, glucose stimulated insulin secretion, Ca2+ measurements and the patch clamp technique.<br/><br/>In paper I, AMPK-related protein kinases Sik1-3 and co-transcriptional factor Crtc1 were shown to regulate miRNA-212 and miRNA-132 expression in pancreatic beta cells, possibly through Creb/Atf-1. Moreover, Crtc1 and miRNA-212/132 regulated insulin secretion. The effect of Crtc1 on insulin secretion was found to be only partly via miRNA-212/132. Also, the expression of SIK1 correlated positively with miRNA-132 levels in human pancreatic islets.In paper II, Camta1, a novel regulator of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, was shown to regulate Ca2+-influx.Further Camta1 influenced miRNA-212/132 expression and interacted with the T2D implicated transcriptional factor Nkx2.2 at non-physiological glucose levels. In paper III, Mapt (tau) was proven to be a conserved direct target of miRNA-132 in beta cells. Overexpression of miRNA-132 was suggested to modulate the microtubule network and earlier stages of the insulin secretion process through Mapt and putative targets Sox6 and Isl1.<br/><br/>In this thesis I report Crtc1, Camta1, miRNA-212 and miRNA-132 to be regulators of insulin secretion in insulin secreting beta cells, and that miRNA-212 and miRNA-132 are regulated by cAMP and Ca2+, through Crtc1, Camta1and Creb/Atf1. While Crtc1 is suggested to generally increase insulin secretion, Camta1 more likely increases the Ca2+-influx of the beta cell and miRNA-212/132 regulate insulin secretion through translocation of insulin granules (e.g. Mapt) and insulin transcription (e.g. Sox6 and Isl1).<br/><br/><br/>In this thesis I have shown that miRNA-212 and miRNA-132 are likely to have an important function in the insulin secreting beta cells.This work will help us to a better understanding of how changes in the beta cell lead to the pathogenesis of T2D and hopefully the identified regulating molecules may contribute to the development of new therapeutic drugs. <p><br/></p> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d424b5ec-40ca-4851-884b-50b810df6c45 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13183417/thesis_helena_malm.pdf application/pdf 2676701 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-340-2 75 2016-10-21T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:114 d424b5ec-40ca-4851-884b-50b810df6c45 2016-09-29T15:37:59+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:17Z 2016-09-29T15:37:59+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:110a0099-a085-49fc-a31c-6ca0bef305cd 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Henry Ampah-Korsah author 5cd35812-6b93-470d-9f41-2c691b66e3ef Per Kjellbom supervisor b5702680-a3ae-4a4b-9687-d4dd253eef9a Urban Johanson supervisor 960e96cc-4320-415c-8050-4b6aeb53e9b5 Dr. Gerd Patrick Bienert opponent Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department <b>Abstract</b><b><br/></b>Aquaporins are membrane integral proteins that facilitate the transport of water<br/>and/or other small neutral molecules across biological membranes in cells in all<br/>forms of life. Among the subfamilies of aquaporins in higher plants, the X Intrinsic<br/>Proteins (XIPs) are the most recently discovered subfamily and the least<br/>characterized. However, the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter and the<br/>proposed substrate specificity of XIPs resemble that of some NIPs aquaporin<br/>isoforms. The aim of the studies in this thesis was to functionally and structurally<br/>characterize <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> XIP1;1s and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> NIP1;1 and<br/>NIP5;1 aquaporins.<br/>By using the <i>Pichia pastoris</i> expression system, <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s, <i>At</i>NIP1;1 and<br/><i>At</i>NIP5;1 were successfully expressed. <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 increased the<br/>sensitivity of <i>P. pastoris</i> cells to boric acid. Furthermore, the N-terminally His-tagged<br/>splice-variant <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α appeared more opened to boric acid than the C-terminally<br/>His-tagged protein when expressed in <i>P. pastoris</i>. In <i>P. pastoris</i> spheroplasts, differences in water and glycerol permeability of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 were observed. <i>At</i>NIP5;1 was permeable to water and glycerol but <i>Nb</i>XIP1:1α was impermeable to both substrates. <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. While the yield obtained for <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α was adequate for both functional and initial crystallization studies, the initial yield for <i>At</i>NIP5;1 was only sufficient for functional characterization. The current purification scheme for <i>At</i>NIP5;1 needs to be optimized to obtain sufficient amounts of protein for a comprehensive crystallization study.<br/>In a stopped-flow spectrometric analysis, <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α was partially permeable to<br/>boric acid in proteoliposomes. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the<br/>purified <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α protein was phosphorylated at five amino acid residues in the<br/>N-terminal region. Results from mutational studies suggested that <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α may<br/>be regulated by its N-terminal domain. It was therefore proposed that <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α is<br/>gated by phosphorylation. By site-directed mutagenesis, it was shown that single<br/>amino acid substitutions L79G in helix 1 and I102H in helix 2 were sufficient to<br/>render <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α water permeable. Water permeable <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α mutants offer a<br/>means to further probe the functional properties of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α. Homology models<br/>of wild-type and mutant <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α in conjunction with functional studies suggested that T246 is the residue at the helix 5 position in the ar/R filter of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α. The models also revealed a previously unrecognized orientation and interaction of the conserved arginine in the ar/R filter, which could serve as a novel guide to tune the selectivity of aquaporins. <p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><b>Popular science summary</b></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><b><br/></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">Water is very important for life. In order to survive every organism needs to control the amount of water in its cells. One of the main ways the cell regulates its water content is through aquaporins. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that allow water and/or small neutral molecules to enter or exit the cell. Aquaporins form a large family and are present in all life forms, however, plants have more aquaporins than other organisms. Aquaporins are also known as Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs). Members belonging to the aquaporin family have the same overall three dimensional (3D) structure, however, some aquaporins have different selectivity filters. Orthodox or classical aquaporins are aquaporins that are permeable to water</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">only as the name aquaporin suggests. Unorthodox aquaporins are aquaporins that have selectivity filters that allow other small neutral molecules to pass.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">In 2008, new members of the aquaporin family were recognized in the early land plants, i.e. mosses. Since the function of these new aquaporin members was not known, they were called X intrinsic proteins (XIPs), X standing for unknown function. However, the selectivity filter of XIPs resemble that of some previously</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">known plant aquaporins called Nodulin 26-like Intrinsic Proteins (NIPs). Different XIPs have been reported to facilitate the transport of boric acid, hydrogen peroxide, urea, glycerol but not water. However, the physiological function of XIPs is still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the projects in this thesis was to increase the knowledge about <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> XIPs (<i>Nb</i>XIPs) and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> NIPs (<i>At</i>NIPs) aquaporins.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">The yeast, <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, has previously been used to produce and study many proteins including aquaporins. <i>P. pastoris</i> was therefore used to produce <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s, <i>At</i>NIP1;1 and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 aquaporins. Since the production of <i>Nb</i>XIP1:1s and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 was better than that of <i>At</i>NIP1;1 in the yeast, <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s and</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><i>At</i>NIP5;1 were chosen for further studies. Both <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 facilitated the transport of boric acid into intact yeast cells which retarded the growth of the cells since boric acid is toxic to yeast. On the contrary, boric acid is beneficial to plants, as plants need boron for proper growth and yield. In <i>P. pastoris</i> cells with weakened cell walls, the splice-variant <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α was not permeable to water or glycerol, while <i>At</i>NIP5;1 was permeable to both molecules. In order to study <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 proteins in a controlled environment away from interfering effects of other proteins, <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α and <i>At</i>NIP5;1 were isolated and purified from the yeast cells. Though the amount of purified <i>At</i>NIP5;1 obtained after the initial purification trial was enough for functional studies, it was not enough for crystallization studies aimed at solving the 3D structure of <i>At</i>NIP5;1. Therefore, the initial purification protocol for <i>At</i>NIP5;1 will be improved to generate large amounts of pure <i>At</i>NIP5;1 protein for crystallization studies. A 3D structure of <i>At</i>NIP5;1, together with functional studies, will help clarify how the structure of <i>At</i>NIP5;1 affects its function. However, the yield of purified <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α obtained after purification was sufficient for both functional and crystallization studies.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">The transport capabilities of purified aquaporins are usually studied by inserting aquaporins into lipid vesicles and measuring the shrinking or swelling of the vesicles in response to rapid changes in sugar or salt concentration. A rapid change in boric acid concentration revealed that lipid vesicles with inserted purified</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α protein were two-fold more permeable to boric acid as compared to empty lipid vesicles. An examination of the <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α protein revealed that the purified <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α protein was partially modified with phosphates. Five amino acid residues in the N-terminal part of the protein had phosphate groups attached. Phosphate modification of aquaporins usually controls aquaporins in two ways; by serving as a signal to transport the aquaporin to a specific membrane location in the cell or by causing a structural change in the aquaporin that allows the pore to open. When the N-terminal part of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α with the phosphate groups was cut from the protein, the protein became more permeable to boric acid in intact yeast cells. This suggested that the N-terminal part of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α regulates its function, e.g. permeability. In an attempt to understand how the selectivity filter of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s works, the water-impermeable filter of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α was exchanged for the water permeable filter of <i>At</i>TIP2;1, a close relative of XIPs.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">The selectivity filter of aquaporins is made up of five amino acid residues that determine which molecules can pass through the pore of the aquaporin. However, a substitution of only one of the selectivity filter residues made the <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α protein water permeable. Interestingly, a substitution of another residue outside the selectivity filter also made <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α water permeable. The water permeable <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1α constructs provide the possibility to explore the functional properties of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s in great detail. <i>At</i>NIP5;1 has been shown to be one of the proteins responsible for boric acid transport into plant cells. Since the selectivity filter and the choice of substrates of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s are similar to that of <i>At</i>NIP5;1, a possible</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;"/><p style="margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">physiological function of <i>Nb</i>XIP1;1s could be that they facilitate the transport of boric acid into distinct plant cells.</p> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/110a0099-a085-49fc-a31c-6ca0bef305cd https://portal.research.lu.se/files/13250604/Thesis_Henry_Ampah_Korsah_e_nailing_version.pdf application/pdf 5985713 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology 2016 eng Aquaporins XIPs NIPs Phosphorylation Pichia pastoris Overexpression boric acid membrane proteins Biological Sciences Structural Biology 978-91-7422-474-0 978-91-7422-475-7 184 2016-10-28T09:15:00+02:00 110a0099-a085-49fc-a31c-6ca0bef305cd 2016-09-29T17:06:14+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-29T17:06:14+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2610e14d-b29e-4c7d-8285-5c14a32b1e18 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund 1 Zandra Körner author 2d6e4a20-661a-458d-8efd-be85b2757c33 Madeleine Durbeej-Hjalt supervisor ff1ad48f-2712-4293-9975-afc8e7f9f05f Anna Hultgårdh supervisor 568de301-64de-4d3a-a5d0-ae8b0892ea70 professor Fatima Pedrosa-Domellöf opponent Umeå University Muscle Biology v1000389 department Muscle Biology research group Congenital muscle dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a muscle disease caused by<br/>mutations in the LAMA2 gene, encoding the basement membrane protein laminin<br/>α2 chain. MDC1A patients exhibit neonatal onset of muscle weakness, progressive<br/>muscle wasting and hypotonia, joint contractures that mostly affect elbows, hips,<br/>knees and ankles along with scoliosis and delayed motor milestones. Currently,<br/>there is no cure for MDC1A and respiratory failure is the main cause of death.<br/>Patients with complete laminin α2 chain-deficiency have an early onset and also a<br/>more severe muscle phenotype whereas patients with partial loss usually have a<br/>milder disease course. The same genotype-phenotype correlations can be seen in<br/>the mouse models of MDC1A. The dy3K/dy3K knock-out model exhibits a much<br/>more severe phenotype than the dy2J/dy2Jmouse model, which expresses a<br/>truncated laminin α2 chain. However, we have not before this thesis known how<br/>early the pathogenesis in the skeletal muscle starts. Here, we demonstrated that<br/>changes in skeletal muscle start with apoptosis already at day one after birth and<br/>inflammation at day four in dy3K/dy3K mice.<br/>Previously, it was demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is<br/>upregulated in the dy3K/dy3K mouse muscle. Moreover, by inhibiting the<br/>proteasome by using a lab-bench drug, dy3K/dy3Kmice exhibited reduced muscular<br/>dystrophy. This led us to testing an approved FDA drug, bortezomib, which also<br/>inhibits the proteasome. By using bortezomib we could partially ameliorate the<br/>disease in the dy3K/dy3Kmice with an increased lifespan and improved muscle<br/>function. However, this could not be recapitulated in the dy2J/dy2J mice.<br/>Furthermore, in this thesis we also showed that another pathway for cellular<br/>degradation, the autophagy-lysosome pathway, is upregulated in the<br/>dy3K/dy3Kmouse muscle. By inhibiting the autophagy pathway, dy3K/dy3K mice<br/>exhibited improved muscle morphology and increased lifespan. In summary, I<br/>have shown that there is enhanced proteasome and autophagy activity in MDC1A<br/>muscle and that proteasome and autophagy inhibitors, respectively, can be used to<br/>reduce disease in mice. I hope that our studies can form the basis for the<br/>development of clinically relevant autophagy inhibitors. It may also be worth<br/>testing bortezomib as a possible supportive therapy for MDC1A. Furthermore, our<br/>data suggest that treatment should be initiated as early as possible given that we<br/>detected disease changes already one to four days after birth in mice. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2610e14d-b29e-4c7d-8285-5c14a32b1e18 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10296340/e_spik_Zandra_.pdf application/pdf 2666255 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng muskeldystrofi Muscular dystrophy Autophagy proteasome Laminin MDC1A Cell and Molecular Biology 978-91-7619-312-9 118 2016-09-03T10:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:86 2610e14d-b29e-4c7d-8285-5c14a32b1e18 2016-07-29T14:38:48+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-07-29T14:38:48+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1368027b-9d1f-4fbc-9716-e18a986be111 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund 1 Anele Gela author a299f938-8b6b-4fd2-9591-937c2d93c632 Arne Egesten supervisor 029aa462-4cf4-48ea-9ad9-8e65589f940f Heiko Herwald supervisor ed40c7fe-0895-40d5-9443-59ddb9966ba1 professor Hans-Uwe Simon opponent Berlin Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine v1000434 department Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, affecting and disabling<br/>approximately 300 million people worldwide. The inflammatory profile is<br/>characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, which are a rich source of factors that<br/>are implicated in tissue remodeling. The chronic inflammatory response and the<br/>remodeled phenotype create a hospitable environment for secondary bacterial<br/>infections. In recent years, systemic infections caused by Streptococcus<br/>pneumoniae in asthmatics have received global attention. The risk of acquiring<br/>pneumonia in patients suffering from asthma is 2-10 fold increased as compared to<br/>healthy individuals. The cause is not known and in this thesis we hypothesized that<br/>the dysregulated allergic response may impair innate host defenses. The<br/>mechanisms being investigated may help to explain how the prolonged and<br/>dysregulated inflammatory response increases the vulnerability of asthmatics to<br/>invasive pneumococcal disease. Initially, the regulation of chemokines, in<br/>particular eotaxins, by mast cell proteases was investigated. From this study, we<br/>were able to map the region of eotaxin-3/CCL26 that harbors antimicrobial<br/>(COOH-terminal) and anti-endotoxin (NH2-terminal) activity following<br/>proteolytic cleavage with mast cell chymase and tryptase, respectively. However,<br/>the receptor activating properties (NH2-terminal) were lost. In a separate study, the<br/>anti-endotoxin fragment derived from CCL26 conferred therapeutic benefits in a<br/>mouse model of LPS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the interaction of<br/>chemokines, particularly Th-2 chemokines, with osteopontin (OPN) was<br/>investigated. OPN is an anionic glycoprotein that is upregulated in asthma and its<br/>expression increases with the severity of asthma. OPN bound to the COOHterminal<br/>of chemokines and completely abolished their antimicrobial activity<br/>without affecting their NH2-terminal localized functions, including LPSneutralization<br/>and receptor activating properties. To ascertain if whether the<br/>effects of OPN are generic or specific for Th-2 chemokines, we investigated its<br/>interaction with the classical antimicrobial peptides that are constitutively<br/>expressed and upregulated during COPD. Interestingly, OPN bound and<br/>neutralized their antimicrobial activity but did not interfere with the muraminidase<br/>activity and protease inhibitory function of lysozyme and secretory leukocyte<br/>protease inhibitor (SLPI), respectively. These studies suggest that chemokines and<br/>antimicrobial peptides can serve as host defense peptides but their actions are<br/>modulated by mast cell proteases and OPN. Therefore, there is an urgent need for<br/>studies focusing on modification of antimicrobial peptides to become resistant to<br/>proteolytic cleavage, altered pH and various salt conditions. Also, the elucidation<br/>of the novel roles of OPN during allergic inflammation could present potential<br/>pharmaceutical targets. Taken together, this thesis explains several mechanisms<br/>that impair innate host defenses during allergic inflammation.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1368027b-9d1f-4fbc-9716-e18a986be111 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/10405532/E_spik_anele_gela.pdf application/pdf 2074850 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Asthma COPD Antimicrobial peptide chemokines immunology Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-310-5 64 2016-09-03T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:84 1368027b-9d1f-4fbc-9716-e18a986be111 2016-08-01T10:52:16+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:13Z 2016-08-01T10:52:16+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d03374e8-1e65-49c0-8f7e-20e4d0475150 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for chemistry and chemical engineering, lecture hall B, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 1 Weimin Li author ea7d105c-51f2-4fdf-93fc-9a8af09942dc Malin Zackrisson supervisor 67f3f02d-0406-4a62-b7ef-8b81f995c3f2 Ulf Olsson supervisor 28005704-c79e-44ad-b7ee-1f6911bd89fb Johan Bergenholtz supervisor 2e999f2c-acd4-4499-9386-339dcec4e5b3 Professor Abraham M. Lenhoff opponent University of Delaware, Newark, USA Physical Chemistry v1000657 department Protein interactions are important in understanding various <br/>protein relevant cellular and technological processes.<br/>This is a challenging task due to the intrinsically irregular shape and <br/>inhomogeneous surface distribution of <br/>neutral, charged, hydrophobic amino acid residues. This results in<br/>more or less anisotropic interactions depending on external parameters such as<br/>salt and pH. However, a deeper understanding of these complex<br/>interactions is essential in order to <br/>understand the behavior of proteins in solution and <br/>protein phase diagrams. The aim of this work was to gain a deeper understanding <br/>of protein attractions, in particular, anisotropic protein attractions. <br/>We have for this reason<br/>studied the protein lactoferrin. We have found and characterized a<br/>highly directional attraction which combined with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations <br/>show the mechanism as<br/>a highly directional short-ranged electrostatic attraction, originated from few <br/>ionizable amino acids. <br/>This gives rise to a non-monotonic dependence <br/>of the second virial coefficient, $B_2$, with ionic strength<br/>both in scattering experiments and <br/>MC simulations, in qualitative agreement. <br/>Further, we show how the directional attraction is effectively behaving as an attractive patch<br/>that leads to dimerization of lactoferrin under patch attractive conditions.<br/>The phase diagram is also determined under patch conditions where <br/>new phases are discovered using cryo-transmission electron microscope.<br/>Finally, we explored protein capacitance obtained both <br/>from titration experiments and MC computer calculations<br/>which is related to charge regulation attraction. Protein interactions are important in understanding various <br/>protein relevant cellular and technological processes.<br/>This is a challenging task due to the intrinsically irregular shape and <br/>inhomogeneous surface distribution of <br/>neutral, charged, hydrophobic amino acid residues. This results in<br/>more or less anisotropic interactions depending on external parameters such as<br/>salt and pH. However, a deeper understanding of these complex<br/>interactions is essential in order to <br/>understand the behavior of proteins in solution and <br/>protein phase diagrams. The aim of this work was to gain a deeper understanding <br/>of protein attractions, in particular, anisotropic protein attractions. <br/>We have for this reason<br/>studied the protein lactoferrin. We have found and characterized a<br/>highly directional attraction which combined with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations <br/>show the mechanism as<br/>a highly directional short-ranged electrostatic attraction, originated from few <br/>ionizable amino acids. <br/>This gives rise to a non-monotonic dependence <br/>of the second virial coefficient, $B_2$, with ionic strength<br/>both in scattering experiments and <br/>MC simulations, in qualitative agreement. <br/>Further, we show how the directional attraction is effectively behaving as an attractive patch<br/>that leads to dimerization of lactoferrin under patch attractive conditions.<br/>The phase diagram is also determined under patch conditions where <br/>new phases are discovered using cryo-transmission electron microscope.<br/>Finally, we explored protein capacitance obtained both <br/>from titration experiments and MC computer calculations<br/>which is related to charge regulation attraction. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d03374e8-1e65-49c0-8f7e-20e4d0475150 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11243756/3thesis.pdf application/pdf 5203829 no Division of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University 2016 eng Patchy Attractions Protein Interactions Natural Sciences 978-91-7422-466-5 106 2016-09-16 9:30:00 d03374e8-1e65-49c0-8f7e-20e4d0475150 2016-08-22T10:45:30+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-22T10:45:30+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2fbb7074-8f38-4246-a825-f65239aac0fe 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal F5, Centralblocket, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 PONTUS ANDELL author a6ba8001-e9e4-4745-bc26-3053e4f9787e David Erlinge supervisor a19c7e47-1a4a-4dae-8606-2af13ddabf7a Jesper van der Pals supervisor professor Gunnar Gislason opponent Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen Cardiology v1000432 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2fbb7074-8f38-4246-a825-f65239aac0fe https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11288147/web_version_Pontus_avh_utan_pek4_G5.pdf application/pdf 4904468 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng COPD ACS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Acute coronary syndrome Epidemiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease 978-91-7619-325-9 82 2016-09-16T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:99 2fbb7074-8f38-4246-a825-f65239aac0fe 2016-08-23T11:42:02+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-23T11:42:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9bb02d04-c568-4498-8f76-59b36c950ffa 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32, Lund. 1 Irma Mahmutovic Persson author 27a056b4-08a8-41c8-b734-ddb31340a455 Lena Uller supervisor b7a9d28a-79d1-486c-bbec-27534a2d3f61 Leif Bjermer supervisor 14f9431b-d68a-4ad5-8d0f-d70144c43c56 associate professor Apostolos Bossios opponent Unit for Heart and Lung disease, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Respiratory Immunopharmacology v1000401 department Respiratory Immunopharmacology research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9bb02d04-c568-4498-8f76-59b36c950ffa https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11331640/E_spik_Irma.pdf application/pdf 6572789 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Asthma exacerbation models COPD dsRNA Th2 Virus house dust mites (HDM) TSLP IL-1β IL-25 IL-33 Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-329-7 122 2016-09-16T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:103 9bb02d04-c568-4498-8f76-59b36c950ffa 2016-08-24T13:08:04+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-24T13:08:04+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:606a7a1c-0819-448d-804d-c8765284ea20 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 Zhifei He author 3bbc1d50-d5d9-4ffd-807a-09ba390749f7 Fredrik Ivars supervisor 6c0fe0fb-dd4b-429b-a8c9-45c515ac75f0 Corrado Cilio supervisor 1ebd674c-8298-40c8-8558-1178e1362eae Tomas Leanderson supervisor cd41ffba-1e7b-4c5d-9df0-b7fa30ab1dfc professor Nancy Hogg opponent London Immunology v1000370 department Immunology research group S100A9 is a small (13 kD) cytosolic calcium-binding protein. The protein is mainly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes in human but can also be expressed in other cell types under inflammatory conditions. S100A9 is normally co-expressed with S100A8 and forms S100A8/S100A9 heterodimers. Previous publications had suggested that S100A9 could be expressed without S100A8 in certain conditions. Various functions for cytosolic S100A8/S100A9 heterodimers have been described. The heterodimer can promote NADPH oxidase activation, is involved in reactions mediated by the iNOS enzyme and assists in tubulin polymerization. Extracellular S100A9 can bind to TLR4 and RAGE. Upon binding TLR4, S100A9 functions as a DAMP molecule inducing a pro-inflammatory cellular response. This thesis mainly focuses on the pro-inflammatory function of hS100A9.<br/><br/>In paper I, the main questions we asked were: in what condition hS100A9 could exist in cells without hS100A8? We found that the half-life of hS100A9 protein was short and degraded fast in cells, but can be stabilized by co-expressing with hS100A8 or by proteasome inhibitor. We also found that inflammatory stimuli could also stabilized hS100A9 protein and promoted the formation of proteolytically-resistant homodimer. This paper suggests that during inflammatory condition, hS100A9 protein might be able to exist as homodimer without hS100A8 and that it therefore may function as DAMP molecule after it has been released out of the cell.<br/><br/>In paper II, we showed that a chemical probe oxyclozanide could inhibit S100A9, S100A4 and S100A4/S100A9 binding to TLR4 and RAGE and inhibiting tumor progression in a mouse model. We also showed that hS100A4 and hS100A9 can form heterodimers. Further, we showed that S100A4 and S100A9 are differentially expressed in mouse myeloid cell populations. <br/><br/>In paper III, we wanted to identify co-receptor(s) involved in S100A9-mediated stimulation of TLR4. We show that CD14 is an essential co-receptor of this stimulation. Our data also suggest that some other co-receptor(s) might exist that help in S100A9 binding to cell membrane. However CD14 was crucial both for S100A9 signaling and internalization. <br/><br/>In summary, in this thesis we discuss the relation between S100A9 and inflammation. We show that during inflammation, the pro-inflammatory cytokine could stabilize the unstable hS100A9 by promoting it forming proteolytically-resistant homodimer. After S100A9 released out of the cell, they could function as DAMP molecule activating TLR4 in a CD14 dependent way. By blocking the interaction between the S100s with their receptors using OX, we propose a compound with clinical potential for treating inflammation and cancer.<br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/606a7a1c-0819-448d-804d-c8765284ea20 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11333872/Zhifei_He_S100A9_in_inflammation.pdf application/pdf 8687679 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng S100A9 inflammation oxyclozanide CD14 Immunology in the Medical Area (including Cell and Immunotherapy) 978-91-7619-315-0 62 2016-09-23T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:89 606a7a1c-0819-448d-804d-c8765284ea20 2016-08-24T15:29:50+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-24T15:29:50+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:98188d00-e8fc-4582-94fb-7108594aa5b6 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Aulan, CRC, ingång 72, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö. 1 Fiffi Boman author e30d85ce-8128-4ed3-a5d7-c2b16a27658f Per-Olof Östergren supervisor fe71457a-9afc-4290-807b-70ea159854c5 Martin Stafström supervisor 720bfb0f-6e22-4a7f-9dd8-741470e381f6 professor Pernille Due opponent University of Southern Denmark Social Medicine and Global Health v1000505 department Social Medicine and Global Health research group The general objective of this thesis was to increase the knowledge of how mental health and school performance are associated and how interventions may be designed and implemented to enhance the two.<br/>The data used in the four quantitative studies on which this thesis is based were derived from two age cohorts of students attending 14 elementary schools in two cities in the southern part of Sweden. The data were collected in the month of January in 2010, 2011, and 2012, thus allowing the individual students’ development to be tracked over a total of 2 years. The data were obtained using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a health questionnaire, standardized tests, and measurement of physiological variables. Seven of the fourteen schools were part of an intervention called UTSIKTER, that aimed to improve academic test results, while the remaining seven schools served as comparison schools. The students were in grades 1 and 2 at the first data collection and in grades 3 and 4 at the last data collection. Three of the quantitative studies involved cross-sectional designs and one a longitudinal design. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, logistic, linear, and multilevel regression analyses, Cronbach’s alpha, sensitivity/specificity analysis, and effect modification. The data of the qualitative study, namely, study V, were obtained by holding focus group discussions with the teachers working at the intervention schools; these data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.<br/>Mental health was independently associated with reading comprehension, writing composition, and mathematics test results. Associations were also found between socio-economic factors and school performance; students who came from families with a low educational level were particularly sensitive to the effects of poor mental health on their school performance. Mental health in the first and second grades predicted reading comprehension outcomes two years later. The school class and school levels together explained 16–23% of the students’ variance in school achievement. The intervention schools showed a significantly greater improvement in reading comprehension in grades 3 and 4 relative to in grades 1 and 2 than the comparison schools; this was possibly mediated by the students’ improved mental health status. The intervention and comparison schools did not differ significantly in terms of mathematics results. Teacher SDQ assessments, but not parent assessments, showed an adequate construct validity that did not seem to be affected by student socio-economic background. Parent SDQ assessments were, however, influenced by socio-economic factors. Both teacher and parent SDQ assessments had acceptable internal consistency. The qualitative study on the teachers’ experience of the intervention process revealed important factors that promoted teacher engagement described by the core category “Getting one’s bearings on a maiden voyage”.<br/>The associations between mental health, school performance, and socio-economic status suggest that societal inequity is already present and exerting deleterious effects in the early school years. The school intervention UTSIKTER showed a potential in terms of improving school performance, possibly by ameliorating mental health. The teacher’s involvement in the implementation process seemed to influence intervention outcomes and should thus be carefully considered when designing school intervention programs. The associations between mental health and school performance were especially pronounced for children from families with low socio-economic status, which suggests that school interventions that aim to improve mental health as well as school performance may improve health equity as well as equity in general. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/98188d00-e8fc-4582-94fb-7108594aa5b6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11374638/Breaking_the_vicious_circle.pdf application/pdf 2954664 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-326-6 91 2016-09-16T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:100 98188d00-e8fc-4582-94fb-7108594aa5b6 2016-08-25T11:09:22+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-25T11:09:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:51e89847-a6a5-4808-811a-7fdd7c9afbfe 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Holger Crafoord Centre EC3:207 1 Jeffrey Neilson author f055eb28-1929-4858-bf4c-89780692ec12 Maria Stanfors supervisor 8ebc49b1-19ef-4df3-9880-57e22ce97a3a PhD Jens Bonke opponent Rockwool Foundation, Copenhagen Centre for Economic Demography v1000018 department Department of Economic History v1000022 department It's about time! Gender, parenthood and changing time use patterns, 1990-2010 project This dissertation examines the changing time allocation of men and women at the turn of the 21st century in Sweden, an interesting case given its strong position concerning female labor force participation, maternal employment, and gender equality. The aim is to examine to what extent gender and parenthood affect various types of time allocation, both in the labor market and household, and provide new insights into changes occurring over time between 1990 and 2010. Throughout the 20th century, women became increasing engaged in the labor market, yet parenthood has continued to impact how women spend their time to a much greater extent than men. The persistent, gendered impact of parenthood has begun to change however, which has implications not yet fully understood or documented. Results place Swedish developments in an international perspective, while contributing to our understanding of the changing behavior of men and women in the labor market and household. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/51e89847-a6a5-4808-811a-7fdd7c9afbfe https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11374707/Converging_times_jeffrey_neilson_2016.pdf application/pdf 2359360 no Lund University 2016-08-25 eng division of labor, gender, parenthood, time use, Sweden Economic History 978-91-87793-24-0 978-91-87793-25-7 252 2016-09-16T10:15:00+02:00 51e89847-a6a5-4808-811a-7fdd7c9afbfe 2016-08-25T11:11:29+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-25T11:11:29+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1f51c8d1-b191-44f8-8788-89c63998b22a 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall E:1406, building E, Ole Römers väg 3, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund. 1 Sandra Sjöstrand author da0e5431-5bac-4e14-97bf-b894a561a8f6 Tomas Jansson supervisor f774c6e2-078f-4c53-9791-fa840da52bcd Maria Evertsson supervisor 039786a1-f86e-44f3-9979-5f601bbbab50 Magnus Cinthio supervisor 16da4aa4-38a7-4c4a-ada8-90100f4c4c89 Ingrid Svensson supervisor b9205068-771c-4b22-9ad4-5d04eae2ff91 Prof. Lars Hoff opponent University of South-Eastern, Norway. Division for Biomedical Engineering v1000202 department Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but reliable diagnosis and staging can contribute to optimal treatment planning, and is a crucial factor in reducing mortality and maintaining quality of life. Soft tissue mechanical properties are promising indicators of cancer that can be assessed non-invasively using functional imaging. Additionally, lymphatic involvement is considered a key aspect in staging of many types, including colorectal and breast cancer. Magnetomotive ultrasound, MMUS, is an imaging technique proposed for cancer staging and treatment. It relies on magnetically induced motion, transferred from a contrast agent to the tissue of interest. The tissue response to this perturbation is related to its mechanical properties, and thereby to cancer progression. Typically, the contrast agent consists of magnetic nanoparticles; These can be incorporated into microbubbles, that could allow for drug transport and site-specific delivery. Exploring these properties and possibilities of MMUS clarifies its clinical potential. The aim of this work was therefore to examine (a) the relation between tissue mechanical properties and magnetomotion, (b) the feasibility of magnetic microbubbles as a contrast agent and (c) the cellular response to magnetic nanoparticles and forces. Points (a) and (b) were addressed by comparing MMUS images conducted on real and phantom tissue to finite element analysis outputs; Transmission electron microscopy and quantitative cell based assays were used in exploring point (c). Magnetomotion was found to depend on tissue compressibility and elasticity, both potential cancer indicators. Tissue elasticity was also found to affect the tissue deformations induced by magnetic microbubbles. Furthermore, lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles was demonstrated, validating their potential as a contrast agent in cancer imaging. Finally, cells were confirmed to take up nanoparticles, and no adverse effects of magnetic excitation was detected. In summary, there is merit to further development of MMUS for cancer diagnostics and treatment. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1f51c8d1-b191-44f8-8788-89c63998b22a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/110042629/Kappa_SSj_.pdf application/pdf 43492695 no Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund university 2021-11-22 eng Magnetomotive ultrasound finite element analysis cancer diagnosis HT-29 Caco-2 Medical Engineering 978-91-8039-095-8 978-91-8039-096-5 115 2021-12-16T09:15:00+01:00 1f51c8d1-b191-44f8-8788-89c63998b22a 2016-06-27T15:38:42+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-06-27T15:38:42+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6ff3753c-30ae-4580-9387-1d8fba7f035b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall “Pangea”, Geocentre II, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Niklas Boke-Olén author f09f9a13-ce90-4ac0-bd46-86d8e26f3ca6 Veiko Lehsten supervisor 1e649921-5774-495a-b6a4-e472a8ab390f Jonas Ardö supervisor bd5ad253-9990-4613-afee-e94f24e17400 Lars Eklundh supervisor 54c26ecf-fcbe-4c5a-b7cc-bdb427803dab Thomas Holst supervisor 8b362bce-1700-4ce0-9976-1509a28a6d47 Prof. Dr. Thomas Hickler opponent Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) & Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Global Savannah Phenology: Integrating Earth Observation, Ecosystem Modeling, and PhenoCams project Savannahs are land areas where grass and trees co-exists to create a landscape that is neither a grassland nor a forest. It is estimated that savannahs cover approximately one sixth of the global land surface. They also play an important role in the global carbon cycle due to their total size. Most savannahs are characterized with two distinct seasons, one dry season and one wet season where a majority of rainfall and vegetation growth is occurring. This makes the seasonality in climate especially important since it controls the timing of growth by affecting for example leaf emergence and leaf fall. Those timing of growth are most often collectively termed vegetation phenology.<br/>Phenology is the science of observing and describing life cycles and events of plants or animals over time. Vegetation phenology has a long history and observations were probably used for the first time thousands of years ago to note down changes in vegetation and harvests. Nowadays we can represent vegetation phenology at different scales using many different techniques. It can, for example, be analyzed and estimated using earth observation, site level measurements, or ecosystem modelling. Earth observation, or remote sensing, is the science of obtaining information about an object or area from a distance. For phenology vegetation indices measured from satellites are normally used. They often take advantage of the fact that plants during photosynthesis absorb the light in specific wavelengths. Site level measurements are instead carried out on the ground to monitor the ecosystem properties at the site level. They typically consist of measurement of temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and carbon fluxes. But they could also be expanded with PhenoCams which is term referring to a digital camera producing images of the vegetation at a regular interval. Finally, ecosystem models are a mathematical representation of the ecological system and are used to understand and predict the real system. However, there exists a knowledge gap regarding the precise mechanisms affecting the vegetation phenology on savannahs. The aim of this thesis was therefore to use all of the above mentioned fields to improve our understanding and ability to estimate savannah vegetation phenology. The main results showed that soil water is of great importance for estimation of savannah vegetation phenology. It further showed the potential of using remotely sensed soil moisture and PhenoCams to improve our estimates of savannah vegetation phenology. Savanner är ett landskap med både träd och gräs som skapar en miljö som varken är skog eller gräsmark. Savanner tar upp cirka en sjättedel av världens totala landyta och de har på grund av detta en stor betydelse för den globala kolbalansen. De flesta savanner har två distinkta säsonger, en regnperiod då vegetationen grönskar samt en period med torka utan nederbörd. Detta gör att förändringar i det säsongsbetonade klimatet har stor betydelse eftersom det påverkar längden på växtperioden men även tidpunkten för när gräset börjar växa, når maximum och vissnar. Dessa tidpunkter kan kollektivt benämnas växtfenologi.<br/>Fenologi är läran eller vetenskapen som beskriver de återkommande händelserna inom djur- och växtriket. För växter handlar det om de naturligt återkommande händelserna som till exempel knoppsprickning och lövfällning men kan också handla om den kompletta säsongsvarierande cykeln. Växtfenologi användes troligen redan för tusentals år sedan, för enkla manuella observationer av växtlighet och skörd. Nuförtiden uppskattar man växtfenologi på olika skalor med hjälp av olika mätmetoder och modeller. Det uppskattas med hjälp av till exempel fjärranalys, platsbaserade automatiska mätinstrument eller ekosystemmodellering. Fjärranalys är ett begrepp som handlar om att på avstånd mäta och kvantifiera information om ett objekt eller område. För fenologi kan olika satellitbaserad vegetationsindex användas. De nyttjar kunskapen att växter använder specifika våglängder av ljus i fotosyntesen. Platsbaserade mätningar genomförs istället på lokal nivå och består vanligtvis av mätningar av nederbörd, temperatur, markfuktighet och kolutbyten mellan växtlighet och atmosfär. De kan även utökas med PhenoCams, digitalkameror som regelbundet tar bilder av växtligheten. Ekosystemmodeller är en matematisk beskrivning av ett eller flera ekologiska system som används för att förstå och förutspå hur till exempel förändringar i klimatet påverkar ekosystemet. Det finns ett kunskapsgap när det gäller de exakta mekanismerna som styr savanners växtfenologi. Det slutgiltiga målet med denna avhandling är därför att använda metoder och data från fjärranalys, platsbaserad mätningar och ekosystemodeller för att öka förståelsen och möjligheten att simulera savanners växtfenologi. Det huvudsakliga resultatet visade att markfuktighet är en avgörande faktor vid uppskattning av savanners växtfenologi. Det visas även att markfuktighet uppmätt med fjärranalys samt PhenoCams båda har potential till att användas för att förbättra växtfenologi för savanner. <br/> <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6ff3753c-30ae-4580-9387-1d8fba7f035b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/21760230/Niklas_Boke_Olen_webb.pdf application/pdf 4125225 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science 2017-02 eng Physical Geography 978-91-85793-75-4 978-91-85793-76-1 136 2017-03-10T10:00:00+01:00 6ff3753c-30ae-4580-9387-1d8fba7f035b 2016-06-28T14:18:34+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-06-28T14:18:34+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:04c6692e-575d-4825-97d0-2cc8a637fdd2 2025-10-14T10:32:27Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published 1 Abdulghani Hasan author 5410bf75-b0bf-4ae4-8cc5-c923ab3125db Petter Pilesjö supervisor 317d40bd-1920-4b7a-bf14-e3624c17160d Andreas Persson supervisor 5a85d0c6-e187-4736-8297-862da2dc406c Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department To study the hydrology of peatlands and explore wetness distribution is difficult<br/>mainly due to the complexity of the surface of peatlands, and also due to the presence of permafrost underlain peatlands in the arctic regions. I have chosen the area called Stordalen mire in the arctic region in northern Sweden for my study.<br/>In this thesis, I aimed to study spatially distributed hydrological modelling in general, focusing mainly on evaluation and developing tools that can be used to improve wetness estimation using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The estimated wetness can be used as an input for peatland carbon models.<br/>DEMs with different resolutions are created using high resolution LiDAR data.<br/>Different search radiuses are used in the interpolations. The accuracy of the generated DEMs is studied to select the most accurate DEM for each selected resolution. The search radius, but not the cell size, significantly influences the accuracy of a DEM, and the accuracy is generally higher the shorter the interpolation search radius. DEM resolution versus topographic wetness index variables (i.e. slope and drainage area) is studied. Slope values become lower and drainage area values become higher when the resolution decreases. Further, a study of DEM accuracy related to different slopes is also carried out and shows that the errors in elevation are greater when the terrain is steep than when it is flat.<br/>A new triangular form-based multiple flow distribution and flow accumulation<br/>algorithm (TFM) was created in this study. We have estimated flow distribution by using our new TFM algorithm. With this TFM algorithm, it becomes possible to deal with artefacts that normally interrupt flow distribution, like flat areas, sinks and manmade structures. This will help to overcome the complexity of peatland hydrology.<br/>The results of comparing our new algorithm with other well-known algorithms used in most GIS programs show that the TFM algorithm produces more realistic results than other algorithms. Testing shows the capability of the new TFM algorithm to distribute the flow in different terrain types, flat areas and sinks, and makes it suitable for simulating real flow distribution over any surface/terrain. <br/>Topographic wetness index (TWI) was estimated for the study area using our new<br/>flow distribution and flow accumulation algorithm TFM. Estimating TWI values<br/>depending only on DEMs is a very cost-effective method that can be used to estimate wetness data required for the modelling of peatlands. A permafrost model was created to demonstrate the possibility of using an analytically based approach with semiempirical equations to estimate the maximum thawing depth (active layer thickness) above permafrost. Field work using water level sensors was carried out to measure the temporal fluctuation of water surface. The field work water level measurements led to better understanding of flow regime in the peatlands, especially when a seasonally frozen layer or permafrost lies under it. The field work also helped to confirm that estimated wetness using the proposed flow routing algorithm on digital elevation model can be used to distribute wetness to all cells in a DEM. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/04c6692e-575d-4825-97d0-2cc8a637fdd2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/77108439/Abdulghani_Hasan_Thesis_2012_X.pdf application/pdf 4129060 no Lund University 2012 eng modelling hydrology Digital elevation models LiDAR data topographic wetness index GIS permafrost Stordalen peatland Water Engineering Physical Geography 9789185793280 82155185998 179 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/82155185998 2012-06-15, Lund University, opponent: Prof. Dr. Andrew Skidmore 04c6692e-575d-4825-97d0-2cc8a637fdd2 2016-06-29T17:41:03+02:00 2025-10-14T10:32:27Z 2016-06-29T17:41:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:df1dfcfe-0b3d-4fe4-8e67-a5cf1a32d388 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Geocentre II, lecture hall “Pangea”, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Lorraine Tual author 90cb46c8-d3f3-44cc-bfa2-f77b9204beb3 Charlotte Möller supervisor 7b534434-00f3-48b8-a115-07861bc913ac PhD, professor Aphrodite Indares opponent Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada Lithosphere and Biosphere Science v1000635 department The 1.1-0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen is one of several Grenvillian-aged orogenic belts that mark the amalgamation of supercontinent Rodinia. The highest-pressure rocks in the Sveconorwegian orogen are eclogites in the Eastern Segment (SW Sweden). The eclogites occur in a nappe in the high-grade metamorphic level of the Eastern Segment that represents a window into the deepest part of this Precambrian mountain belt. The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the metamorphic history of the eclogite-bearing nappe by characterizating the deformation associated with exhumation (Paper I) and by reconstructing the P–T evolution (pressure and temperature; papers II and III).<br/>Paper I focuses on the deformation structures in the basal shear zone of the eclogite-bearing nappe. These structures developed during exhumation at high-temperature conditions. Top-to-the-east shear and east-directed flow produced intense folding, interpreted as formed by a combination of simple and pure shear. The interplay of shearing, folding, and melt localization lead to localized shear, high-temperature brittle fracturing, and the formation of high-temperature chevron folds in high-strain zones.<br/>Paper II retraces the metamorphic evolution of the eclogite-bearing nappe by thermodynamic modelling (THERMOCALC©) and construction of P–T pseudosections for two different types of eclogite. One of the samples gave information on both the prograde and the retrograde paths, and an estimate of peak metamorphic conditions of 850–900 °C and ~18 kbar. The first stage of the prograde path, representing a medium P/T gradient, is recorded in the core of garnet grains. The second part of the prograde path and the retrograde path are both steep. The chemical growth zoning of garnet is preserved which, together with the shape of the P–T path, reflects short residence time at high temperatures.<br/>Paper III reports the results of two independent trace element thermometers, which are based on the Zr-contents in rutile and Ti-contents in quartz. The combination of these two methods confirmed the P–T evolution calculated in Paper II. In particular, Ti-in-quartz thermometry are in agreement with the pseudosection estimates at high temperatures, and the minerals appear unaffected by diffusional resetting. A pseudosection model, showing the changes in modal abundance of different phases along the P–T path, demonstrates that rutile grains in the matrix recrystallized from smaller-sized rutile grains, and that this process was simultaneous with the main dehydration reaction in the rock (continuous breakdown of hornblende and formation of clinopyroxene). This study illustrates that Zr-in-rutile and Ti-in-quartz thermometry cannot only robustly constrain a prograde evolution, but when combined with a pseudosection model can also yield information on recrystallization processes. In fact, the combination of these methods provides an unrivalled tool for petrologic interpretation.<br/>The data presented in this thesis testifies to westward tectonic burial of continental crust at ~65 km depth and 890 °C at a late stage of the Sveconorwegian orogenesis. The following foreland-directed tectonic exhumation of the eclogite-bearing nappe was associated with partial melting, ductile flow folding and shearing. The character of both prograde and retrograde P–T paths suggests rapid tectonic burial and exhumation consistent with collision at the end of the Sveconorwegian orogeny.<br/> Bergskedjor är uppbyggda av olika slags berggrund som skjutits samman i de zoner på Jorden där tektoniska plattor möts (konvergerar). Sådana processer sker i dag exempelvis i Himalaya, Alperna eller Anderna, men det finns också gamla, nu inaktiva, bergskedjor som de Skandinaviska Kaledoniderna (ca 400 miljoner år gammal) eller den Svekonorvegiska bergskedjan (ca 1000 miljoner år gammal, i sydvästra Sverige och södra Norge). De komplexa och långdragna processer som skapar bergskedjor kan vi förstå genom att klargöra den geologiska utvecklingen för bergskedjans olika delar. Denna utveckling inbegriper samverkande deformation och metamorfos (omvandling vid ökat tryck och ökad temperatur) samt, i vissa fall, magmatism. Nyckelelement vid rekonstruktion av bergskedjebildning är högtrycksmetamorf berggrund som innehåller blåskiffer, eklogit och/eller högrycksgranulit, därför att sådan berggrund ger information om jordskorpeförtjockning med tektonisk nedtryckning eller subduktion till stora djup.<br/><br/>Min forskning behandlar deformation och metamorfos i den högtrycksmetamorfa delen av den Svekonorvegiska bergskedjan i sydvästra Sverige, med särskilt fokus på en tektonisk enhet (skolla) som innehåller eklogit. Berggrunden här genomgick i sin helhet metamorfos vid mycket stora djup (35-40 km) och är det djupaste snittet av Prekambrisk jordskorpa som finns exponerat i den Fennoskandiska skölden. Berggrunden här är i många avseenden jämförbar med den världsberömda västra gnejsregionen (Western Gneiss Region) i norska Kaledoniderna. Ur ett vetenskapligt perspektiv är berggrunden i sydvästra Sverige ett fönster till de djupa delarna av en bergskedja som för tusen miljoner år sedan var del av en världsomspännande superkontinent, Rodinia. Mitt huvudsakliga mål har varit att karaktärisera den tektoniska och metamorfa utvecklingen av den Svekonorvegiska bergskedjan med utgångspunkt från den eklogitförande skollan i sydvästra Sverige.<br/><br/>Avhandlingen består av tre delar:<br/><br/>1) Framläggande av en strukturgeologisk och kinematisk modell för deformation i eklogitskollans basala skjuvzon. I denna studie undersökte vi deformationsstrukturer i fält och mätte deras orientering och geometri, i syfte att förstå hur den eklogitförande skollan har lyfts upp från stora djup. Vi kunde visa att skollan transporterades österut längs den basala skjuvzonen och att denna deformation skedde vid minskande tryck (upplyftning) och mycket hög temperatur. I den basala skjuvzonen blev bergarterna mycket starkt deformerade och veckade under hög temperatur, och vi visar exempel på de särskilda deformationsstrukturer som bildas under sådana förhållanden. <br/>2) Rekonstruktion av den metamorfa utvecklingen för två typer av eklogit. När bergarter pressas ned på djupet och värms upp är de primära mineralen inte längre stabila. Då sker kemiska reaktioner och det bildas nya mineralsällskap som är stabila vid rådande tryck och temperatur. Detta kallas metamorfos. Vi beräknade, genom termodynamisk modellering och utifrån bergarternas kemiska sammansättning, isokemiska fasdiagram som förutsäger vilka mineralsällskap som är stabila vid olika tryck och temperatur för just dessa bergartssammansättningar. Genom att jämföra med faktiska mineralsällskap, hur mineralen förekommer texturellt, samt mineralens kemiska sammansättning, kunde vi jämföra med fasdiagrammet och rekonstruera den progressiva metamorfa utvecklingen: bergartens tryck- och temperaturutveckling (P-T-utveckling). Med denna metod kunde vi visa att eklogiterna tryckts ned till 65 km djup och där värmts upp till nästan 900 °C. Vi kan också se att de lyftes upp till ~35 km djup vid 850 °C. Texturerna, mineralkemin och P-T-utvecklingen visar att nedpressning och upplyftning skedde under en geologiskt sett kort tidsrymd. Denna typ av eklogit och dessa P-T-förhållanden är karaktäristiska för kontinent-kontinent-kollision.<br/><br/>3)Test, med en helt annan metod, av den P-T-modell som togs fram i studie 2. En del mineral tar upp ökande halter av spårelement vid ökad temperatur. Genom att mäta halterna av zirkonium i rutil och titan i kvarts kan vi “ta temperaturen” på bildningen av dessa mineral i olika texturella positioner i bergarterna. Studien visade på samstämmighet med den P-T-modell som framtogs i studie 2. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/df1dfcfe-0b3d-4fe4-8e67-a5cf1a32d388 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8553424/Lorraine_Tual_thesisPhD_2.pdf application/pdf 12531798 no Litholund Thesis Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Lithosphere and Biosphere Science 2016 eng Eclogite Precambrian P–T path Basal shear zone Sveconorwegian orogen Deformation thermometry Geology Multidisciplinary Geosciences 1651-6648 978-91-87847-14-1 978-91-87847-15-8 26 110 2016-05-04T13:00:00+02:00 df1dfcfe-0b3d-4fe4-8e67-a5cf1a32d388 2016-06-19T14:35:17+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-06-19T14:35:17+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ef1f0387-a1a4-4c4e-8ba4-9121bafa161a 2026-02-11T01:20:20Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Edens hörsal, Paradisgatan 5H, Lund 1 Kajsa Järvholm author d60e6a35-8195-4939-9bec-e5663d45461f Per Johnsson supervisor 64ff2b82-7519-4f59-918d-182a5dc358d4 Carl-Erik Flodmark supervisor db29163e-0cc0-480a-aaa4-46132a9dde34 Karlsson Jan supervisor Associate professor Elissa Jelalian opponent Brown University Department of Psychology v1000681 department Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery project Bariatric surgery is tried out as a new treatment option for adolescents with severe obesity. Little is known about outcomes in mental health in adolescents who undergo weight loss surgery.<br/>The 3 studies in this thesis assess mental health in adolescents before, and after 4 months, 1 year and 2 years after undergoing gastric bypass. The studies are part of the Swedish national AMOS study and all adolescents in the studies are from the AMOS cohort. AMOS included adolescents 13–18 years with a BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 with comorbidity who had been under regular childhood obesity treatment for at least one year before undergoing surgery. Exclusion criteria were few but included psychotic disease and alcohol/drug dependence. Two out of 3 adolescents in AMOS are girls; mean age at surgery was 16.8 years and mean BMI 45.6.<br/>In study I, mental health was evaluated in 37 adolescents from baseline to 4 months after surgery. Compared to age and gender-matched population norms, the adolescents presenting for bariatric surgery reported impaired mental health. Four months after surgery significant improvements were seen for anxiety, depressive symptoms and self-concept. No significant change was seen for anger or disruptive behavior. The adolescents reported on average a mental health comparable to norms 4 months after surgery. However, not all adolescents had a positive mental health outcome and 16 % reported clinically significant impaired mental health on two or more variables. No baseline differences could be seen between the impaired adolescents and the improved or unchanged adolescents. <br/>In study II mental health was assessed in 88 adolescents at baseline and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Two years after surgery significant reduction was seen in symptoms of anxiety, depression, anger, and disruptive behavior. Also obesity-related problems were reduced. Improvements were seen for self-concept, self-esteem and mood. Improvements took place mainly during the first year after surgery and the second year was characterized by stabilization. Two years after surgery, the adolescents reported on average symptoms of anxiety, depression, anger, and disruptive behavior comparable to norms. Also self-concept was at a normative level. However, the adolescents reported mood lower than age-matched peers and mood was also low when it was compared to middle-aged adults undergoing surgery. A marked group, 19 %, reported depressive symptoms in the clinical range and 13 % reported severe depressive symptoms.<br/>In study III adolescents (20 %) who reported poor mental health (PMH) 2 years after surgery were compared to adolescents who reported average/good mental health 2 years after surgery. Anxiety, depression and mental health at baseline could significantly predict PMH 2 years after surgery. However, several aspects of mental health were assessed at baseline and no other variable could predict mental health after surgery. Significant differences were seen between the groups at the follow-up 1 year after surgery; however few mental health variables had a significantly different trend between the groups over the first year. Suicidal ideation was reported by 14 % of the adolescents 2 years after surgery. Weight outcome was comparable between the two groups at all assessment points and physical health was equally improved in both groups 2 year after surgery. <br/>The studies in the present thesis show a general improvement in several aspects of mental health in adolescents, such as reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, reduced externalizing symptoms, improved self-concept and reduced problems related to weight and body shape over 2 years after gastric bypass. However, not all adolescents have a positive psychosocial outcome and 4 months after surgery 16 % report impaired mental health. Depressive symptoms in the clinical range are reported by 1 out of 5, 2 years after surgery and 14 % report suicidal ideation. These figures are much higher than expected from the adult surgery literature. The studies in the present thesis indicate that adolescent bariatric surgery candidates are a vulnerable group and that repeated monitoring and psychological interventions are important before and after bariatric surgery.<br/> Svår fetma är ett svårbehandlat tillstånd och hittills har fetmakirurgi visat sig vara den metod som ger den största och mest beständiga viktminskningen över längre tid. Fetmakirurgi har tidigare endast erbjudits vuxna både i Sverige och i andra länder. Under senare år har fetmakirurgi börjat prövas som ett behandlingsalternativ till ungdomar med svår fetma där annan behandling inte har gett tillräckliga resultat. Tonårstiden är en tid som är starkt präglad av intensiv psykologisk och social utveckling. Om och innan fetmakirurgi börjar övervägas som ordinarie behandling vid svår fetma hos tonåringar är det extra angeläget att studera hur den psykiska hälsan påverkas av att genomgå fetmakirurgi under tonåren. <br/>I denna avhandling ingår tre studier. Data till samtliga studier är hämtade från Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery (AMOS)-studien, som är en svensk nationell studie med syfte att undersöka om gastric bypass är en effektiv och säker behandlingsmetod för ungdomar med svår fetma. I AMOS inkluderades ungdomar som gått i ordinarie viktbehandling minst ett år och hade ett Body Mass Index (BMI) över 40 eller över 35 med fetmarelaterad samsjuklighet. Totalt opererades 88 ungdomar inom ramen för AMOS-studien. Ungdomarna var mellan 13 och 18 år då de genomgick sin operation. Snittåldern var 16,8 år. Fler flickor, 67 %, än pojkar genomgick operation och snitt-BMI inför operationen var 45,6 kg/m2. <br/>I den första studien beskrivs den psykiska hälsan hos ungdomarna innan operationen och vid uppföljningen i genomsnitt fyra månader efter operationen. Studien visar att ungdomar med svår fetma och som vill genomgå fetmakirurgi, har en försämrad psykisk hälsa innan operationen. Ungdomarna uppger att de har fler symptom på ångest, depression, ilska och normbrytande beteende i jämförelse med andra ungdomar i samma ålder och av samma kön. Ungdomarna skattar också att de har en lägre självbild än andra ungdomar. Fyra månader efter operationen så uppger ungdomarna att de har signifikant färre ångest- och depressionsymptom och en förbättrad självbild i jämförelse med före operationen. De opererade ungdomarna skattar bekymmer kring ångest och depression samt sin självbild på en genomsnittlig nivå utifrån ålder och kön fyra månader efter gastric bypass. För de mer utåtagerande problemen, ilska och normbrytande beteende, fanns ingen signifikant förändring på gruppnivå. Den förbättring av den psykiska hälsan som framkom var dock inte jämnt fördelad mellan alla ungdomar utan några ungdomar förbättrades mycket, några hade en oförändrad psykisk hälsa och några försämrades. Ytterligare en analys gjordes för att undersöka om det fanns en undergrupp av ungdomar som hade en påtagligt försämrad psykisk hälsa på kort sikt efter operationen. Totalt sett bedömdes 16 % av ungdomarna ha en påtagligt försämrad psykisk hälsa fyra månader efter kirurgin. Dessa ungdomar skilde sig inte från övriga opererade ungdomar innan kirurgin.<br/>I den andra studien följs den psykiska hälsan hos de opererade ungdomarna under två år efter fetmakirurgin. Uppgifter om den psykiska hälsan är insamlade innan operationen, ett år efter operationen och två år efter operationen. I studien studeras en rad olika områden av psykisk hälsa, bl.a. ångest, depression, stämningsläge och självbild, men också viktrelaterat psykosocialt fungerande. Två år efter operationen är ungdomarna signifikant förbättrade på alla undersökta områden förutom grad av aktivitet/passivitet. Förbättringarna äger rum under det första året efter operationen och det andra året präglas av stabilisering. Inget av måtten på psykisk hälsa samvarierar signifikant med viktnedgången, d.v.s. bland ungdomarna i studien finns det inget samband mellan att de som går ner mest i vikt också får den största förbättringen av sin psykiska hälsa. Trots stora förbättringar av den psykiska hälsan hos ungdomarna efter operationen, finns det fortfarande en relativt stor grupp som rapporterar psykisk ohälsa. Två år efter operationen skattar 19 % av ungdomarna att de har depressionssymptom på en nivå som indikerar att de har en faktisk depression och 13 % rapporterar depressionssymptom som motsvarar en svår depression. Studien indikerar också att ungdomar som genomgår fetmakirurgi har en sämre psykisk hälsa än medelålders vuxna som blir opererade, då de opererade ungdomarna skattar samma stämningsläge ett år efter operationen som vuxna som genomgår fetmakirurgi gör innan de opereras. <br/>I den tredje studien jämförs de ungdomar (20 %) som rapporterar dålig psykisk hälsa två år efter operationen med de ungdomar som rapporterar en genomsnittlig eller god psykisk hälsa. Tre mått på psykisk hälsa, ångest, depression och mental hälsa, kan redan innan operationen predicera vilka ungdomar som har större risk att rapportera en dålig psykisk hälsa två år efter operationen. De flesta mått på psykisk hälsa, som samlades in innan operationen, kunde inte predicera vilka ungdomar som hade ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa efter operationen. Redan ett år efter operationen sågs påtagliga skillnader mellan dem som rapporterade dålig psykisk hälsa två år efter operationen och övriga opererade ungdomar, samtidigt hade de flesta mått på psykisk hälsa en likartad utvecklingstrend i de båda grupperna under det första året efter operationen. Två år efter operationen rapporterade 14 % av ungdomarna att de hade självmordstankar. Trots att det fanns stora skillnader i den psykiska hälsan mellan grupperna så sågs ingen skillnad i viktutvecklingen mellan grupperna under de två första åren efter operationen och båda grupperna hade en likartad förbättring av den fysiska hälsan efter operationen. <br/>Sammantaget visar studierna i avhandlingen att den psykiska hälsan förbättras hos ungdomar på kort och medellång sikt efter fetmakirurgi. Ungdomarna skattar att de har färre symptom på ångest, depression, ilska och normbrytande beteende efter operationen än vad de hade innan. De skattar också att de har en bättre självbild och att de är mindre begränsade av sin vikt i sociala sammanhang. Dock har inte alla ungdomar en god psykisk hälsa efter fetmakirurgi. Direkt efter operationen är det en grupp (16 %) som rapporterar att deras psykiska hälsa är påtagligt sämre än innan operationen och två år efter operationen så uppger 1 av 5 ungdomar att de har symptom som vid en klinisk depression. Det är fler ungdomar som rapporterar psykisk ohälsa än förväntat utifrån hur det ser ut hos ungdomar generellt och också fler ungdomar som uppger att de mår psykiskt dåligt i jämförelse med hur medelålders vuxna uppger att de mår efter fetmakirurgi. Ungdomar som skattar att de har mer ångest och mer depressiva symptom innan operationen har större risk för en psykisk ohälsa efter operationen än andra ungdomar. Två år efter fetmaoperationen uppger 14 % av ungdomarna att de har suicidtankar. Studierna saknar kontrollgrupp och därför går det inte att uttala sig om gruppen som uppger psykisk ohälsa är större eller mindre än vad den skulle ha varit om ungdomarna inte hade blivit opererade. Studierna visar på att ungdomar som genomgår fetmakirurgi utifrån ett psykologiskt perspektiv är en sårbar grupp och att det är viktigt att erbjuda ett psykosocialt stöd både före och efter operationen och att stödet sträcker sig längre än första året efter operationen. <br/> https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ef1f0387-a1a4-4c4e-8ba4-9121bafa161a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11036565/avhandlingen_pdf.pdf application/pdf 3787681 no Lund University 2016 eng Bariatric surgery Gastric bypass Adolescent Mental Health Depression Anxiety Self esteem Suicidal ideation fetma gastric bypass ungdomar psykisk hälsa depression ångest självkänsla självmordstankar Applied Psychology (including Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy) 978-91-7623-922-3 978-91-7623-923-0 150 2016-09-30T13:00:00+02:00 ef1f0387-a1a4-4c4e-8ba4-9121bafa161a 2016-08-17T10:37:21+02:00 2026-02-11T01:20:20Z 2016-08-17T10:37:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:996e5022-c72e-43ba-880e-5dc07cbfdf7c 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room 2005-2007, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 49, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö 1 Jonas Nilsson author aaad2246-bb12-4208-8547-f205ec211201 Christopher Rääf supervisor 3ad72367-ae02-4e95-b644-3ba554a9bceb Robert Finck supervisor 48527404-94b5-4982-9403-d22cfaba5cc0 Sören Mattsson supervisor b069c961-7422-4032-8f1f-387b1570c517 professor David C.W. Sanderson opponent University of Glasgow, Scotland Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/996e5022-c72e-43ba-880e-5dc07cbfdf7c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11039221/phd.pdf application/pdf 8337438 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 swe gamma mobil neutron statistik NaI HPGe 978-91-7619-317-4 66 2016-09-09T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:91 996e5022-c72e-43ba-880e-5dc07cbfdf7c 2016-08-17T13:50:21+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-17T13:50:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c26d8c94-c70b-4518-9b11-72ea7f70d860 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Esben Witting Larsen author 25a53bc3-b701-4d55-8996-1051c312d487 Johan Mauritsson supervisor 04ec159a-f0a1-4127-9627-0f284fca236a Anders Persson supervisor c394775f-34ef-4fde-8299-d0089cb08f35 Dr. Caterina Vozzi opponent Italian National Research Council (IFN-CNR), Milano, Italy Atomic Physics v1000622 department https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c26d8c94-c70b-4518-9b11-72ea7f70d860 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11041323/Thesis_EWL.pdf application/pdf 19125133 no 2016 eng High-order harmonic generation Free induction decay Transient absorption spectroscopy Electron spectroscopy Attosecond interferometry Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Larsen 978-91-7623-893-6 978-91-7623-894-3 217 2016-09-16 9:15:00 c26d8c94-c70b-4518-9b11-72ea7f70d860 2016-08-17T14:50:07+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-08-17T14:50:07+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:986fbb79-c2f2-4883-8a30-826edc7dd96a 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, BMC, A10, Sölvegatan 17, Lund. 1 David Ansari author d6b1ce87-962c-4575-944f-b6697efaa06c Johan Nilsson supervisor 5795e9b6-fd66-4140-8718-ba198f68be87 Mattias Ohlsson supervisor 8cd4f9ad-25ce-4a14-8027-4e8aae36efd2 associate professor Göran Dellgren opponent Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg Thoracic Surgery v1000439 department Artificial Intelligence in CardioThoracic Sciences (AICTS) v1000992 department Artificial Intelligence in CardioThoracic Sciences (AICTS) research group https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/986fbb79-c2f2-4883-8a30-826edc7dd96a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11044352/E_spik_20David_20A_2.pdf application/pdf 6487672 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Heart Transplantation induction basiliximab antithymocyte globulin HLA Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-303-7 115 2016-09-09T13:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:77 986fbb79-c2f2-4883-8a30-826edc7dd96a 2016-08-17T19:29:18+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:14Z 2016-08-17T19:29:18+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c30189d8-c970-450d-917a-e33211c210a1 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Föreläsningssal, Strålbehandlingshuset, Klinikgatan 5, våning 3, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Lund. 1 Maria Simonsson author 2dd7569d-0aee-4ec5-8a79-7d36591a5566 Helena Jernström supervisor 3e3ce240-8447-4e99-84fb-e1d838f7bb2b Christian Ingvar supervisor 4565451a-9dc7-4333-b09c-ee886295ec50 Signe Borgquist supervisor f6180f03-3f14-490a-b6d4-c5f575fcc4e8 professor Marianne Ewertz opponent University of Southern Denmark Tumor microenvironment v1000471 department BioCARE: Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine improving Health Care, Education and Innovation v1001237 department Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, although the mortality rates have decreased in the last decades. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and treatment resistance is a significant clinical problem in spite of the overall high survival rates. Improved screening programs, novel surgical techniques, and adjuvant treatments have contributed to the improved survival, but more extensive detection of breast cancer and subsequent treatment also imply higher rates of overtreatment. Therefore, it is vitally important to identify new tumor markers or host factors for patients who are at risk of recurrence, as well as patients who would benefit from less treatment. This approach would lead to more personalized breast cancer treatment. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate whether combining host factors, including genetic constitution and lifestyle factors, with tumor characteristics could yield a more comprehensive understanding than either factor alone for the prognosis of breast cancer.<br/> In paper I, moderate to high coffee consumption was associated with higher frequency of ER-negative tumors but a lower risk of early breast cancer events among tamoxifen-treated patients with ER-positive tumors. Furthermore, the combinations of low coffee consumption with the germline CYP1A2 rs762551 C-allele and CYP2C8*3, respectively, were associated with a significantly increased risk of early breast cancer events, indicating that integrating genotype and lifestyle factors may impact the prognosis of breast cancer.<br/> In paper II, any preoperative or postoperative alcohol consumption was weakly associated with a lower risk of early breast cancer events. This association was modified by axillary lymph node status, in that any alcohol consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of early breast cancer events among patients with axillary lymph node involvement but not in patients without axillary lymph node involvement. The results do not support recommending that all breast cancer patients abstain from low to moderate alcohol consumption.<br/> In paper III, the CYP1A2 rs762551 C-allele was strongly associated with a higher risk of breast cancer events among aromatase inhibitor-treated patients, and the main impact was found within the first five years. In addition, the impact of the CYP1A2 rs762551 C-allele was modified by genotypes of AhR Arg554Lys and CYP19A1 rs4646, and the combined genotypes could further improve the prediction of aromatase inhibitor response. If validated, these genotypes could be used as predictive markers for aromatase inhibitor response.<br/> In paper IV, tumor-specific COX-2 expression was associated with significantly less aggressive tumor characteristics and was independently associated with a lower risk of early breast cancer events. The association was modified by a history of oral contraceptive (OC) use, preoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and tumor size. If the findings were validated in an independent prospective cohort or within a randomized trial, history of OC use and tumor size might need to be considered when designing or evaluating clinical outcomes in a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant NSAIDs or COX-2 selective inhibitors for breast cancer patients.<br/> In conclusion, a more comprehensive view of tumor characteristics combined with host factors could be beneficial when assessing breast cancer prognosis and may provide a method for more personalized medicine in the treatment of breast cancer patients. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c30189d8-c970-450d-917a-e33211c210a1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11876720/Maria_Simonsson_webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 8419099 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Breast Cancer Prognosis and survival CYP1A2 CYP2C8 Coffee Consumption Alcohol Consumption Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Medical and Health Sciences 978-91-7619-330-3 125 2016-09-23T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:104 c30189d8-c970-450d-917a-e33211c210a1 2016-09-06T16:47:03+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-06T16:47:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a21733df-070d-4c1d-afcf-bc9c273ff243 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published MAX IV Laboratory, room MAX III, Fotongatan 2, Lund 1 Jonas Breunlin author eb72c8b7-d5b8-4dd3-a0a8-83c65c7f5ba8 Åke Andersson supervisor 76fa0e02-d45f-4f57-9dfe-e8dcc427333e Simon Leemann supervisor 39bfe8b4-94f1-4bd8-b9a7-dfa51e9b32b3 Lars Malmgren supervisor 6356d74d-ac0b-4452-affe-41de6a38bfc6 Dr Yannis Papaphilippou opponent CERN, Switzerland MAX IV Laboratory v1000329 department In this thesis several aspects related to a new generation of storage ring light sources are discussed. Due to a reduction of electron beam emittance, fourth generation storage rings provide synchrotron radiation sources close to the diffraction limit at X-ray wavelengths. This results in a significant increase in photon brightness that is beneficial in a variety of synchrotron radiation based experiments. The MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, operates the first storage ring light source of the fourth generation. Its 3 GeV storage ring has a circumference of 528 m and employs a multibend achromat lattice with a horizontal electron beam emittance of 0.33 nm rad.<br/><br/>Beam size and emittance diagnostics of ultralow horizontal and vertical emittance electron beams can be achieved by focusing synchrotron radiation from dipole magnets, to form an image of the beam. When imaging in the visible and near-visible spectral ranges, diffraction and emission effects are dominant. The presented refined methods, however, make it possible and even beneficial to deduce small electron beam sizes from this radiation. <br/><br/>Diagnostics of the longitudinal charge distribution in the bunch, based on time-resolved measurements of synchrotron radiation, are of special interest, since bunch lengthening with passive harmonic rf cavities is an essential ingredient in the concept of the storage ring, extending Touschek lifetime and mitigating the effects of intrabeam scattering.<br/><br/>The horizontal emittance in the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring will lead, after correction of coupling and minimization of vertical dispersion, to a very low vertical emittance, lower than what might be requested by synchrotron radiation experimentalists. Operating with the negative consequences of a too low emittance such as a Touschek lifetime shorter than necessary and an increased intrabeam scattering can, however, be avoided if the vertical emittance is adjusted to a desired level in a controlled way. A scheme is introduced that excites vertical emittance by vertical dispersion while maintaining small source sizes for synchrotron radiation production in the insertion devices, and restores Touschek lifetime. Vi vet att laddade partiklar sänder ut elektromagnetisk strålning då de tvingas följa en krökt bana. Denna strålning kallas synkrotronstrålning, och upptäcktes i mitten av 1900-talet. Sedan dess har denna typ av strålning funnit tillämpningar inom flera forskningsområden såsom kemi, biologi, medicin och materialvetenskap. För att uppfylla de växande kraven på vissa strålningsegenskaper, är partikelacceleratorer, designade att producera synkrotronljus, under ständig utveckling. Med MAX IV Laboratoriet i Lund, Sverige, och dess 3 GeV lagringsring synkrotronljuskälla, har ett koncept som reducerar elektronstrålens emittans avsevärt, för första gången realiserats. En låg emittans är en viktig parameter, eftersom den möjliggör för forskarna att fokusera synkrotronstrålningen i hög intensitet på ett litet prov. Denna avhandling diskuterar flera utmaningar som uppträder på acceleratorsidan när emittansen i lagringsringen reduceras såsom vid MAX IV anläggningen.<br/><br/>Radiofrekvenskaviteter förser den lagrade elektronstrålen med energi. De harmoniska kaviteterna i MAX IV acceleratorerna har istället till uppgift att sträcka ut elektronklungorna i lagringsringarna, vilket är ett väsentligt krav för att kunna uppfylla designparametrarna. Den resulterande longitudinella formen på elektronklungorna detekteras med hjälp av synkrotronstrålningen i ett diagnostikstrålrör.<br/><br/>Synkrotronstrålningen innehåller också information om storlek och emittans på elektronstrålen. För detta ändamål fokuseras den synliga delen av strålningen, med en lins i diagnostikstrålröret, för att skapa en bild av elektronstrålen. På grund av den lilla strålstorleken, står själva utsändningsprocessen och diffraktion, för de dominanta effekterna i bilden. Ändå presenteras här metoder som möjliggör härledning av elektronstrålens storlek och slutligen dess emittans.<br/><br/>En mycket låg vertikal emittans för med sig nackdelar, såsom en ökad förlust-takt av elektroner från strålen och även en ökad horisontell emittans. Detta beror på växelverkningar mellan elektronerna i en klunga. En tillvägagångssätt presenteras därför som ökar vertikala emittansen på ett kontrollerat och omvändbart sätt, för att kunna möta kraven från en särskild vetenskaplig applikation med synkrotronljusstrålning, och på det viset undvika de förut nämnda onödiga nackdelarna. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a21733df-070d-4c1d-afcf-bc9c273ff243 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/11915390/Thesis_Breunlin.pdf application/pdf 7878862 no Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Accelerator Physics, MAX IV Laboratory 2016-09 eng ultralow emittance Touschek lifetime emittance tuning Beam diagnostics synchrotron radiation Subatomic Physics 978-91-7623-952-0 978-91-7623-953-7 142 2016-10-03T09:30:00+02:00 a21733df-070d-4c1d-afcf-bc9c273ff243 2016-09-07T11:56:18+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-09-07T11:56:18+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7e410fba-0e54-4205-a875-caa6f1aaa64a 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Sal H01, Health Science Centre, Baravägen 3, Lund. 1 Elisabeth Ekstrand author 545e22dd-7961-455b-8524-facbd848f411 Christina Brogårdh supervisor 41b51ff5-c3da-447b-a2e7-0046778e985a Jan Lexell supervisor a65d0a91-c84f-49bb-bdf5-d3eeef69847a professor Charlotte Häger opponent Umeå universitet Human Movement: health and rehabilitation v1000417 department Department of Health Sciences v1000411 department Human Movement: health and rehabilitation research group Disability of the upper extremity is common after stroke. To be able to evaluate recovery and effects of interventions there is a need for stable and precise outcome measures. In order to design and target efficient rehabilitation interventions it is important to know which factors that affect the ability to perform daily hand activities. At the time when the studies in this thesis were planned there was limited knowledge of the psychometric properties of outcome measures for persons with mild to moderate impairments of the upper extremity after stroke. There was also a lack of knowledge of which daily hand activities these persons perceive difficult to perform and which factors are associated with the performance.<br/><br/>The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the psychometric properties of outcome measures for upper extremity after stroke, and to describe which daily hand activities persons with mild to moderate impairments in upper extremity after stroke perceive difficult to perform and identify associated factors with their performance.<br/><br/>In paper I – IV, between 43 and 45 participants were included. Muscle strength in the upper extremity, somatosensation (active touch), dexterity and self-perceived ability to perform daily hand activities were assessed twice, one to two weeks apart. In paper V, 75 participants were included and the evaluated measures of the upper extremity were used together with other stroke specific outcomes to cover important aspects of functioning and disability according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Test-retest analyses for continuous data were made with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), the Change in Mean, the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and the Smallest Real Difference (SRD) (Paper I, III and IV). For ordinal data the Kappa coefficient and the Elisabeth Svensson rank-invariant method were used (Paper II and III). For analyses of convergent validity the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho) was calculated (Paper III). The ability to perform daily hand activities and the associations with potential factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate linear regression models (Study V). <br/><br/>The results showed that outcome measures for isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, active touch, dexterity and self-perceived daily hand activities have high test-retest agreements and can be recommended for persons with mild to moderate impairments in the upper extremity after stroke (Paper I to IV). Isometric strength measurements had lower measurement errors than isokinetic measurements and might be preferred (Paper I). The outcomes of dexterity showed learning effects (Paper III) and the ratings of perceived daily hand activities (Paper IV) had relatively high random measurement errors which must be taken into account when recovery and effects of interventions are evaluated. The three evaluated dexterity measures were partly related and can complement each other (Paper IV). Daily hand activities that require bimanual dexterity were perceived most difficult to perform, and dexterity and participation were the strongest contributing factors for performing daily hand activities after stroke (Paper V).<br/><br/>In conclusion, this thesis has shown that outcome measures assessing functioning and disability of upper extremity after stroke are reliable and can be used in clinical settings and research. To increase the ability to perform daily hand activities, dexterity and perceived participation, in particular, should be considered in the assessments, goal-settings and rehabilitation after stroke. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7e410fba-0e54-4205-a875-caa6f1aaa64a https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12247965/Elisabeth_Ekstrand_Webb_kappa.pdf application/pdf 21036446 no Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2016 eng Activities of Daily Living Association Dexterity Muscle strength Outcome Assessment Rehabilitation Reproducibility of results Self-report Somatosensory disorders Stroke Touch perception Upper extremity Activities of Daily Living Association Dexterity Muscle strength Outcome assessment Rehabilitation Reproducibility of results Self-report Somatosensory disorders Stroke Touch perception Upper extremity Health Sciences 978-91-7619-322-8 82 2016-10-08T09:00:00+02:00 ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2016:96 7e410fba-0e54-4205-a875-caa6f1aaa64a 2016-09-08T10:24:03+02:00 2025-10-21T11:04:16Z 2016-09-08T10:24:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3fc20ef4-cfcd-4295-a2b8-73e17ba1ba55 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Main lecture hall, Pathology building, University Hospital MAS 1 Maria Kraft author 36a96e2b-a756-44d5-98cb-e8fee5ac77f4 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Prof Hans-Reimer Rodewald opponent University of Ulm, Germany Department of Translational Medicine v1000562 department Proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells are regulated by cytokines and cell-cell interactions. Kit ligand (KL) and Flt3 ligand (FL) have pleiotropic effects, promotes survival, but are nonredundant. Using myeloid progenitor cell lines and mouse bone marrow-derived Lin- progenitors, we demonstrate that inhibition of phophatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase abolish survival mediated by KL, whereas survival via FL is only partially affected. KL and FL both activate Akt, leading to inhibitory phosphorylation of the transcription factor FoxO3. Overexpression of constitutively active FoxO3, FoxO3(A3):ER, induced apoptosis even in the presence of KL or FL, indicating that inactivation of FoxO3 is crucial for signaling via both c-Kit and Flt3. Induction of FoxO3(A3):ER also inhibited myeloid and erythroid colony formation of Lin- progenitors. In addition FL, but not KL, induced expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. By overexpressing Akt and Bcl-2 we demonstrate that Bcl-2 is the better mediator of survival than Akt. However, Akt was crucial for KL-mediated survival since overexpression of dominant negative Akt induced apoptosis. We also conclude that Akt and Bcl-2 have synergistic effects since their coexpression was a far better mediator of survival than either one acting alone. In AML, Flt3 is commonly mutated via internal tandem duplications, rendering it constitutively active. Introducing Flt3-ITD into an IL-3 dependent progenitor cell line rendered it factor-independent. Both Akt and FoxO3 were phosphorylated in the absence of FL and several Bcl-2 family members were upregulated. In fact, Flt3-ITD activated additional Bcl-2 family members not activated by normal Flt3. Finally we found that PI3-kinase and an unidentified Src kinase were important for survival via Flt3-ITD. Signaling via normal Flt3 and Flt3-ITD differs in some aspects and disruption of specific Flt3-ITD signals may be potential targets for treatment. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Varje dag bildas ca en biljon nya blodceller i en vuxen person. Eftersom blodceller är relativt kortlivade sker denna nyproduktion ständigt. Alla dessa celler härstammar från en sorts cell, multipotenta blodstamceller. Genom en gradvis mognadsprocess, genereras röda blodkroppar (erytrocyter), vita blodkroppar (granulocyter, lymfocyter och monocyter) och blodplättar (trombocyter). Dessa tar hand om syreförsörjning av kroppens olika organ, infektioner i kroppen och koagulering av blod. Blodets stamceller kan tillgodose detta enorma behov av celler under en individs hela liv, och för att detta ska kunna ske krävs en kontrollerad reglering av deras funktioner. Defekter i denna reglering kan leda till att olika former av leukemier kan utvecklas. Blodstamceller befinner sig i benmärgen. I denna unika miljö påverkas de av intilliggande celler via speciella ämnen, tillväxtfaktorer, som utsöndras av celler i deras närhet. På utsidan av celler, inklusive stamceller, finns ett antal olika receptorer. Tillväxtfaktorer i den omgivande miljön kan binda till dessa receptorer och då detta sker aktiveras ett antal processer inuti cellen. Detta kan i slutändan leda till att en cell bestämmer sig för att dela sig, mogna eller bara helt enkelt överleva. Celler kan inte dela sig ett obegränsat antal gånger. Därför är det viktigt för en stamcell att kunna befinna sig i ett vilande stadium, utan varken celldelning eller utmognad för att inte uttömma hela stamcellspoolen. Detta vilande stadium upprätthålls då cellen instrueras att förhindra programmerad celldöd. Programmerad celldöd, eller apoptos som det även kallas, är ett kontrollerat sätt för kroppen att göra sig av med defekta celler. För att upprätthålla jämvikten i blodbildningen balanseras ständigt celldelning, utmognad och vila av apoptos. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att studera olika överlevnadsmekanismer i blodets stamceller.<br/><br> <br/><br> I denna avhandling har jag studerat två specifika tillväxtfaktorer, Kit liganden (KL) och Flt3 liganden (FL) och hur de kan instruera celler att överleva. Dessa två tillväxtfaktorer är speciellt viktiga för blodets stamceller, och receptorerna som de binder till är uttryckta på många olika sorters celler, inklusive blodstamceller. Då tillväxtfaktorer binder till en receptor aktiveras denna. Detta i sin tur påverkar olika signaleringsvägar inuti cellen.<br/><br> <br/><br> I mina första tre delarbeten konstaterade jag att både KL och FL aktiverar PI3-kinas/Akt-vägen. Aktivering av denna väg leder i sin tur till att transkriptionsfaktorn, FoxO3, inaktiveras. Transkriptionsfaktorer kan binda in till DNA och reglera uttrycket av specifika gener. FoxO3 har visats aktivera ett flertal gener som leder till celldöd. Detta innebär att inaktivering av FoxO3 leder till förbättrad överlevnad. Då jag på konstgjord väg aktiverade FoxO3 visade det sig att detta resulterade i celldöd trots närvaro av KL eller FL. Detta innebär att inaktivering av FoxO3 är ytterst viktigt för att dessa båda skall kunna leda till överlevnad. Jag fann även att FL till skillnad från KL aktiverar ytterligare överlevnads-faktorer som kallas Bcl-2 proteiner. I delarbete IV kunde jag konstatera att Bcl-2 var en bättre överlevnadsfaktor än Akt, och att en kombination av de båda var ännu bättre.<br/><br> <br/><br> Receptorer och de signaleringsvägar de aktiverar är ofta förändrade vid olika tumörsjukdomar. Man har konstaterat att Flt3 receptorn är förändrad i upp till 30% av alla patienter med akut myeloid leukemi, AML. Denna förändring innebär att receptorn är aktiverad oavsett om dess ligand binder till den eller inte. I det sista delarbetet undersökte vi signaleringen via en förändrad Flt3 och kunde konstaterade att ett flertal överlevnadsvägar var aktiverade oavsett om FL hade bundit till receptorn eller ej. Detta innebär att oavsett vilka signaler de får från sin omgivande miljö, så kommer celler som uttrycker en sådan receptor att överleva och dela sig.<br/><br> <br/><br> Hur stamceller regleras studeras flitigt. Genom ökad förståelse av hur stamceller reagerar på olika stimuli kan man i slutändan utveckla effektivare metoder för t ex benmärgs-transplantationer. I vissa fall genomför man så kallade stamcellstransplantationer, då man isolerar stamceller från donatorns blod och för in i mottagaren. Det hade varit önskvärt att kunna veta hur man ska få dessa celler att överleva en längre tid och dela sig både utanför och i kroppen. Genom fortsatta studier av hur stamceller regleras kan man kanske i slutändan åstadkomma detta, vilket skulle innebära ett stort framsteg för stamcells-forskningen och för eventuella framtida terapier. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3fc20ef4-cfcd-4295-a2b8-73e17ba1ba55 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5921365/1693138.pdf application/pdf 4113274 no Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University 2004 eng cytokines apoptosis cell cycle c-Kit Flt3 Flt3-ITD Akt Bcl-2 FoxO3 mouse hematopoiesis progenitor Cancer and Oncology 91-89625-38-2 467533 128 2004-12-17T10:15:00+01:00 Article: Karlsson R, Engström M, Jönsson M, Karlberg P, Pronk C.J.H, Richter J, Jönsson JI. 2003. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is essential for kit ligand mediated survival, whereas interleukin-3 and flt3 ligand induce expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family genes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74:923-931. Article: Engström M, Karlsson R, Jönsson JI. 2003. Inactivation of the forkhead family transcription factor FoxO3 is essential for PKB-mediated survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells by kit ligand. Exp. Hematol. 31:316-323. Article: Jönsson M, Engström M, Jönsson JI. 2004. FLT3 ligand regulates apoptosis through AKT-dependent inactivation of transcription factor FoxO3. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 318:899-903. Article: Engström M, Karlsson R, Jönsson M, Jönsson JI. Cooperativity between Akt and Bcl-2 leads to prolonged anti-apoptotic signaling and cell survival but only to short-term cell cycle progression. Submitted. Article: Engström M, Hummerdal P, Jönsson JI. Flt3-ITD induces factor-independent cell survival by activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Manuscript. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Molecular Medicine (013031200) 3fc20ef4-cfcd-4295-a2b8-73e17ba1ba55 2016-04-04T12:04:30+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:04:30+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3ea525b9-3f68-4191-a20d-5f880572e319 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Department of Physics, Lecture Hall B, Sölvegatan 14, Lund Institute of Technology 1 Martin Karlsson author 18e1b9ca-6eb7-42de-8e3e-c784feea5087 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Mats Boman opponent Uppsala University, Sweden Solid State Physics v1000623 department This thesis describes experiments performed using different methods to produce aerosol nanoparticles with control over size and composition. The process included differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) as size-selecting instruments and tube furnaces for particle synthesis.<br/><br> <br/><br> A method to estimate the degradation of the DMA performance from the ideal case for individual DMAs was proposed and tested experimentally. Using this method, the size dependence of the DMA performance was predicted from measurements at a single particle size.<br/><br> <br/><br> Size- and composition controlled binary alloy aerosol nanoparticles were generated. Core particles were formed by the evaporation/condensation method, and alloy particles were created by the subsequent condensation of another material. The Au-Ga system was used as a test system.<br/><br> <br/><br> Generation processes were investigated by studying deposition patterns inside a horizontal evaporation/condensation nanoparticle generator. Comparison to estimates calculated from a one-dimensional monodisperse aerosol formation model indicates the presence of non-uniform flow inside the generator.<br/><br> <br/><br> Aerosol nanoparticles were created from the vapor emanating from the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. The size, morphology, composition and structure of the generated iron-containing particles were investigated.<br/><br> <br/><br> The sintering behavior of agglomerated aerosol nanoparticles was investigated. When comparing the relative compaction temperature for different nanoparticles produced in different laboratories deviations in the sintering behavior were found. These could be associated to the different particle compositions.<br/><br> <br/><br> Individual nanoparticles were generated from monodisperse colloidal suspensions by the use of an electrospray method. Deposition of single particles could be achieved and controlled by deposition time and dilution ratio. The method was found to be independent of particle material. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Den här avhandlingen beskriver olika experimentella metoder att framställa nanopartiklar med kontroll över storlek och sammansättning. En nanopartikel är en partikel som är mindre än 100 nanometer (1 nm är en miljondels millimeter). Utmaningen ligger i att partiklarna är såpass små. En nanopartikel förhåller sig ungefär storleksmässigt till en tennisboll som en tennisboll förhåller sig till hela jordklotet. För att möta denna utmaning användes olika aerosolmetoder. En aerosol är fasta eller flytande partiklar som är så små att de kan hålla sig svävande i en omgivning av gaser.<br/><br> <br/><br> Ett av sätten att producera partiklar som användes i denna avhandling är den så kallade evaporering/kondensations-metoden. Den bygger på att man hettar upp ett material så att det evaporeras, det vill säga materialet övergår till gasfas. Om tillräckligt mycket material förångas bildas det partiklar genom kondensation när gasen så småningom kyls av. Enskilda atomer slås samman och bildar mycket små och instabila partiklar, som sedan kan växa genom att fler och fler atomer kondenseras på ytan. Partiklar som bildas på detta sätt är ofta väldigt oregelbundna, varför en process som gör dem mer kompakta oftast är nödvändig. Denna process kallas sintring och sker exempelvis då partiklarna passerar en upphettad region, i dessa experiment en rörugn. Sintringsprocesser studerades för olika material.<br/><br> <br/><br> Nanopartiklar bestående av två material producerades med kontroll på såväl storlek som sammansättning. Partiklar skapades först med evaporering/kondensations-metoden. Sammansatta partiklar, eller legeringar, kunde sedan skapas genom att kondensera ett annat material på de redan skapade partiklarna. På detta sätt framställdes Au/Ga-partiklar.<br/><br> <br/><br> En annan metod som användes i detta avhandlingsarbete skapar partiklar genom att bryta sönder gasformiga molekyler. Fria atomer bildas då en molekyl som innehåller det önskade grundämnet hettas upp och bryts sönder. Dessa kan då bilda partiklar på samma sätt som tidigare. Med denna metod kan partiklar skapas bestående av ämnen som är svåra att skapa med evaporering/kondensations-metoden.<br/><br> <br/><br> En av de viktigaste egenskaperna när det gäller nanopartiklar är storleken. Storleken påverkar andra egenskaper, varför det är viktigt att noggrant kunna mäta storleken. För detta användes ett instrument som heter differentiell mobilitetsanalysator, DMA. I en DMA delas laddade partiklar upp enligt deras elektriska mobilitet. Elektrisk mobilitet kan beskrivas som partiklarnas rörlighet i elektriska fält, och beror på antalet laddningar på partikeln och partikelns storlek. Om man utför mätningar med en DMA på partiklar som laddats upp på ett kontrollerat sätt, kan deras storlek beräknas med hög noggrannhet. En metod för att bestämma prestandan av DMAer i förhållande till det ideala fallet utvecklades och testade experimentellt. Med denna metod kan storleksberoendet av en DMAs prestanda förutsägas utifrån mätningar gjorda vid en partikelstorlek, vilket också presenteras i denna avhandling.<br/><br> <br/><br> Nanometerstora aerosolpartiklar skapades genom att spraya kolloider, som är partiklar lösta i en vätska. En elektrospray användes för att generera droppar tillräckligt små för att endast innehålla en kolloidpartikel. Aerosolpartiklar skapades då dropparna torkade. En elektrospray använder högspänning i samband med själva sprayandet. Detta gör att man kan skapa likformiga droppar på ett kontrollerat sätt. I avhandlingen presenteras resultat som visar att det är möjligt att skapa enskilda, nanometerstora aerosolpartiklar från en kolloidlösning. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3ea525b9-3f68-4191-a20d-5f880572e319 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5921647/1779071.pdf application/pdf 6528847 no Solid State Physics, Lund University 2004 eng differential mobility analyzer (DMA) transfer function binary alloy nanoparticles nanoparticle generator thermal decomposition Physics sintering Fysik size selection nanoparticles aerosol technology Fysicumarkivet A:2004:Karlsson Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 91-628-6034-8 467000 LUFTD2/TFFF-0071 138 2004-05-14T13:15:00+02:00 Article: Methodology to estimate the transfer function of individual differential mobility analyzers, Bengt G. Martinsson, Martin N.A. Karlsson, and Göran Frank, Aerosol Science and Technology 35, 815 - 823 (2001). Article: Methods to measure and predict the transfer function size dependence of individual DMAs, Martin N.A. Karlsson and Bengt G. Martinsson, Journal of Aerosol Science 34, 603 - 625 (2003). Article: Size- and composition controlled Au-Ga alloy aerosol nanoparticles, Martin N.A. Karlsson, Knut Deppert, Lisa S. Karlsson, Martin H. Magnusson and Jan-Olle Malm, Submitted to Aerosol Science and Technology. Article: Experimental evidence for non-uniform flow in a horizontal evaporation/condensation aerosol generator, Ted A. Damour, Sheryl H. Ehrman, Martin N.A. Karlsson, Lisa S. Karlsson, and Knut Deppert, Manuscript intended for Aerosol Science and Technology. Article: Size-controlled nanoparticles by thermal cracking of iron pentacarbonyl, Martin N.A. Karlsson, Knut Deppert, Brent A. Wacaser, Lisa S. Karlsson, and Jan-Olle Malm, Manuscript submitted to Applied Physics A. Article: Material related sintering behavior of nanoparticles: an evaluation of experimental data, Martin N.A. Karlsson, Knut Deppert, Lisa S. Karlsson, Martin H. Magnusson, Jan-Olle Malm, and N.S. Srinivasan, Manuscript submitted to Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 3ea525b9-3f68-4191-a20d-5f880572e319 2016-04-04T12:04:34+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:04:34+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:27a422e1-3b72-4ce7-adc6-aacda184914c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Palaestra, Lund 1 Christina Samuelsson author 1e386cc2-292c-4f35-a257-1e8e34c9979f [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Prof Bill Wells opponent University of Sheffield Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology v1000449 department The aim of this thesis was to explore prosodic problems in Swedish children with language impairment (LI). In the first study, 29 children with LI participated. They were assessed with an assessment procedure for prosody at the word, phrase and discourse levels, developed within this thesis. The results showed that 41% of the children had prosodic problems to some extent. In addition, reliability and validity of the newly developed assessment procedure were evaluated. The procedure was found to be sufficiently reliable and also a valid instrument to assess prosodic problems. In study II data from 25 children with LI in combination with prosodic problems as assessed by their clinician, were compared to data from 25 children with typically developing language matched to age, gender and regional dialect. Results from this study showed that the children with LI in combination with prosodic problems scored significantly lower on all aspects of prosody. Moreover, the results indicated that there were at least two subgroups of prosodic problems; one with prosodic problems related to linguistic/phonetic problems and the other with prosodic problems related to pragmatic problems. Contrast of tonal word accents was one of the most difficult prosodic features to acquire for children with LI in combination with prosodic problems. The ability to produce this contrast was investigated with perceptual as well as acoustic evaluations in study III. Both the perceptual and the acoustic evaluation verified that children with LI in combination with prosodic problems had significant problems in producing the contrasts of tonal word accents. The results also indicated that the problems are a lack of contrast rather than an overgeneralization of accent II, which has previously been suggested. Study IV is a case study of two children with prosodic problems at the discourse level. In this study it was shown that prosodic problems at the discourse level may be related to pragmatic problems. The results of this thesis have important clinical implications and implications for future research. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Prosodi definieras som talets rytmiska, dynamiska och melodiska egenskaper (Bruce, 1998). Till de prosodiska dragen hör längd (kvantitet), betoning (tryck- och ordaccent), ton, satsmelodi (intonation) och gränser (tomrum i talvågen). Dessa drag används i kommunikativt syfte för att särskilja betydelser hos ord och orddelar, för att framhäva och gruppera delar av talet och för att ange talhandling (t.ex. påstående, fråga, utrop) och mera emotionella aspekter av kommunikationen som attityd och social tillhörighet. Prosodin spelar stor roll när det lilla barnet lär sig ett språk, man hör redan i jollret att barnen härmar de vuxnas satsmelodi. Kliniskt uppges avvikande prosodi av logopeder ofta som mera svårdiagnostiserat än andra symtom vid språkstörning.<br/><br> <br/><br> Tidigare forskning har bland annat visat att svenska barn med språkstörning har svårigheter att lära sig att behärska svenskans ordaccenter, t.ex. ”Oskar” kontra ”åskar”, och ord med sen betoning, t.ex. ”apelsin” blir ”sin” (Nettelbladt, 1983). Barn med grav språkstörning har ofta även problem att utveckla sin grammatik och utelämnar småord som prepositioner och artiklar liksom ändelser (Hansson, 1998; Hansson &amp; Nettelbladt, 1995), vilket påverkar rytmen i talet. Forskare har förklarat denna typ av förenklingar utifrån den s.k. metriska hypotesen, som antar att barnet eftersträvar en bestämd talrytm som innebär en växling mellan betonade och obetonade stavelser, en trokérytm (Gerken, 1991; Nettelbladt 1998b). Obetonade stavelser som inte passar in i mönstret utelämnas. Vilken rytm som eftersträvas är emellertid beroende av vilket språk som talas i omgivningen. För t.ex. franska barn blir mönstret ett annat beroende på att franskans mönster snarare är jambiskt. Man har även undersökt förmågan hos barn med språkstörning att uppfatta prosodiska kontraster i s.k. nonord (ord som saknar betydelse men som är fullt möjliga ord, t.ex. gly’vå) som ett sätt att undersöka auditivt minne. Resultaten har visat att betoningsmönstret är kritiskt för om ett barn kan uppfatta ordet; ord med tidig betoning är signifikant lättare än ord med sen betoning (Sahlén, Reuterskiöld Wagner, Nettelbladt &amp; Radeborg,1999).<br/><br> <br/><br> Det övergripande syftet med detta arbete är att kartlägga prosodi, i synnerhet prosodiska avvikelser, hos svenska barn med språkstörning. För att kunna genomföra detta har ett omfattande undersökningsmaterial för prosodi på ord- fras- och textnivå konstruerats. Mera specifika mål är • att undersöka validitet och reliabilitet för det utarbetade undersökningsmaterialet samt att undersöka prevalens av prosodiska problem i en population svenska barn med språkstörning • att beskriva en grupp barn som enligt behandlande logoped har en språkstörning i kombination med prosodiska problem. Dessa barn jämfördes med en kontrollgrupp. Ytterligare syfte var att undersöka möjligheterna att klassificera undergrupper av prosodiska avvikelser • att undersöka förmågan hos svenska barn med kända prosodiska problem att producera hörbara kontraster mellan ordaccenterna • att undersöka prosodiska problem på textnivå hos två barn med språkstörning i kombination med pragmatiska problem I de fyra artiklarna redovisas data från totalt 79 barn, 29 barn med språkstörning på språkförskolor i Mellansverige, 25 barn med språkstörning i kombination med prosodiska problem och 25 kontrollbarn matchade till ålder, kön och dialekt. Tidigare forskning om språkstörning hos svenska barn har huvudsakligen behandlat skånska barn. Två av artiklarna behandlar resultat från det undersökningsmaterial som utarbetats inom ramen för avhandlingsarbetet. Undersökningsmaterialet fångar prosodi på ord-, fras- och textnivå. Materialet har 12 deltest och tar c:a 60 minuter att genomföra. Flera eliciteringsstrategier används; benämning av bilder, direkta frågor, ifyllnadsstrategi och modellmening. I undersökningsmaterialet ingår även ett videoavsnitt till vilket barnen ska berätta samtidigt som filmen visas (Samuelsson, 2001).<br/><br> <br/><br> I studie I undersöktes 29 barn från två språkförskolor i Mellansverige med ovan beskrivna undersökningsmaterial. Resultaten visade att undersökningsmaterialets validitet och reliabilitet är tillfredsställande. Eftersom barnen i studie I utgjordes av en population barn med språkstörning som inte selekterats för prosodiska avvikelser kunde även slutsatser om förekomst av prosodiska problem dras. Resultaten visade att c:a 40% av barnen hade prosodiska problem i viss utsträckning. Vi fann även att barnen hade prosodiska problem på såväl ord- som fras- och textnivå.<br/><br> <br/><br> I studie II ingick 25 barn med språkstörning i kombination med någon form av prosodiska problem enligt behandlande logoped och 25 barn med normal utveckling matchade till ålder, kön och dialekt. Barnen rekryterades från tre olika dialektområden. Undersökningsmaterialet för prosodi användes och proceduren spelades in samt transkriberades i sin helhet. Därefter analyserades och poängsattes materialet. Resultaten visade signifikanta skillnader mellan fall och kontroller beträffande samtliga prosodiska parametrar. Prosodiska problem förekom på enbart ordnivå, ord- och frasnivå, ord-, fras- och textnivå samt på enbart textnivå. Prosodiska problem enbart på frasnivå förekom inte. Resultaten tydde även på att prosodiska problem kan delas in i åtminstone två undergrupper; dels prosodiska problem på ord- och/eller ord- och frasnivå relaterade till språkliga eller fonetiska svårigheter, dels prosodiska problem på textnivå relaterade till pragmatiska problem.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det enskilda prosodiska drag som vållade störst problem för barnen med språkstörning i kombination med prosodiska problem var ordaccentkontraster. I studie III analyserades barnens förmåga att producera hörbara kontraster mellan ordaccenterna med lyssnarbedömning av naiva lyssnare samt med akustiska mätningar. Resultaten visade att naiva lyssnare hade stora svårigheter att uppfatta vilken accent som producerades. Visuell besiktning av F0-kurvor av barnens produktion visade också att barnen med språkstörning och prosodiska problem inte åstadkom förväntat F0-mönster i 60,8% av fallen. Det fanns även en signifikant korrelation mellan korrekt uppfattat ord och förväntat F0-mönster. Resultaten ställdes i relation till det tidigare föreslagna antagandet om att detta rör sig om en övergeneralisering av accent II. Vi fann emellertid att problemen snarare rör sig om en avsaknad av accentkontrasterna än en övergeneralisering av accent II.<br/><br> <br/><br> Studie IV är en fallstudie av två barn med prosodiska problem på textnivå och pragmatiska problem. Barnen bedömdes med lyssnarbedömning av expertlyssnare; logopeder (med forskningsinriktning på barn med språkstörning) och fonetiker. Lyssnarbedömningen kompletterades med akustiska mätningar. För att bedöma barnens pragmatiska förmåga distribuerades svenska CCC (Nettelbladt, Sahlén &amp; Radeborg, 2003) till de två barnens lärare och föräldrar. Samtalsanalys av spontan konversation och narration genomfördes också i syfte att studera pragmatik och prosodisk anpassning. Resultaten visade att barnen bedömdes som avvikande beträffande flera prosodiska parametrar av samtliga lyssnare. Interbedömarreliabiliteten mellan lyssnarna var god. Lyssnarbedömningens resultat kunde verifieras av akustiska mätningar beträffande vissa parametrar, bl a monotoni och knarr. Resultaten visade också att båda barnen hade pragmatiska problem även om inget av dem föll under gränsvärdet för språkliga/kommunikativa problem enligt CCC:s svenska manual. Barnens prosodiska problem på textnivå antas vara beroende av deras pragmatiska problem eftersom båda barnen uppvisar relativt god prosodisk förmåga på ord- och frasnivå.<br/><br> <br/><br> Prosodiska problem är inte en diagnos i sig utan symptom som förekommer på samtliga språkliga nivåer och vid flera språk- och taldiagnoser. Detta innebär ett annorlunda perspektiv än i tidigare svensk forskning om barn med språkstörning. I avhandlingens diskussion argumenteras för ett dimensionellt tänkande vid diagnosticering av barn med språkstörning snarare än att klassificera barnen i strikta kategorier, vilket blir fallet med nuvarande klassifikationssystem och diagnosförteckning. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/27a422e1-3b72-4ce7-adc6-aacda184914c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5922624/1693124.pdf application/pdf 499072 no Christina Samuelsson, Högdalsgatan 17, 587 31 Linköping, 2004 eng auditive system and speech Otorinolaryngologi audiologi hörsel- och talorganen audiology Otorhinolaryngology classification acoustic evaluation prosody perceptual evaluations language impairment Oto-rhino-laryngology Other Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere specified 91-628-6263-4 467395 155 2004-10-29T10:15:00+02:00 Article: I Samuelsson, C., Scocco, C. & Nettelbladt, U. Towards assessment of prosodic abilities in Swedish children with language impairment. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology; 28:156-166, 2003 Article: II Samuelsson, C. & Nettelbladt, U. Prosodic problems in Swedish children with language impairment: towards a classification of subgroups. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. vol 39, no 3:325-344, 2004 Article: III Samuelsson, C. & Löfqvist, A. The role of Swedish tonal word accents in children with language impairment. Accepted for publication in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 2004 Article: IV Samuelsson, C., Nettelbladt, U. & Löfqvist, A. Prosody at the discourse level in Swedish children with language impairment. Submitted for publication, 2004. 27a422e1-3b72-4ce7-adc6-aacda184914c 2016-04-04T12:04:51+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:04:51+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bb109f82-9658-4178-b2a2-aa33fdee4e67 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsal B, Kemicentrum, Lund 1 Karin Gewert author 300cc380-f584-44c1-8166-af11d54bf33b [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Assoc. Prof. Berit Johansen opponent Trondheim, Norway Infection Medicine (BMC) v1000442 department The aim of this investigation has been to study mechanisms by which glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory processes in vitro. Type IV cytosolic 85 kDa phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an important modulator of inflammatory responses that is present in macrophages as well as in other cell types. In macrophages, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) was found to reduce the expression of cPLA2 and further to inhibit the activation of cPLA2. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), zymosan or the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid increased the cPLA2 activity. After treatment with dex, okadaic acid, but not PMA or zymosan, was able to up-regulate cPLA2 activity. These results indicate that the effect of okadaic acid was exerted at, or downstream of, the dex-sensitive step(s). Phosphorylation of cPLA2 occurred on multiple sites. Upon stimulation with PMA or bacteria, the most C-terminal fragment (residues 698-749) of cPLA2 was the most heavily phosphorylated. We did not find any evidence for down-regulation of protein kinase C isoforms after dex treatment. Neither was the expression, nor the activation of, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), extracellular signal- regulated kinase-2 (ERK-2) or p38, affected to the same extent as the cPLA2 activity. Although a minor inhibition of the zymosan-induced activation of the MAP kinases was observed, our results suggest that dex-mediated inhibition of cPLA2 activation is exerted down-stream of the MAP kinases. The effect of dex on the formation of two other inflammatory mediators in macrophages, the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was also investigated. Treatment with dex inhibited bacteria- induced IL-1beta expression primarily at the transcriptional level whereas TNF-alpha expression was only partially inhibited at the level of transcription but further inhibited at the translational level. The translational inhibition after dex treatment was overcome by okadaic acid. Also the post-translational processing of TNF-alpha was modified by okadaic acid. TNF-alpha was found both in the cleaved and uncleaved form after okadaic acid treatment. The different TNF-alpha forms exhibited different sensitivity to dex treatment. Based on these data, we suggest that the effect of dex on TNF-alpha translation is mediated by an okadaic acid-sensitive protein phosphatase. In conclusion, dex inhibits the synthesis of cPLA2. Studies with okadaic acid revealed protein phosphatases to be likely targets for dex both in the inhibition of cPLA2 activation and in inhibition of TNF-alpha translation. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> En studie av hur glokokortikoider hämmar inflammation<br/><br> <br/><br> Glukokortikosteroider, varav kortison är den mest kända, är hormoner som reglerar många funktioner i kroppen och även används som läkemedel för att dämpa inflammatoriska tillstånd som t.ex. astma och reumatiska sjukdomar. Glukokortikosteroider är mycket potenta läkemedel och används flitigt med mycket goda effekter. Vid långvarigt systemiskt bruk av höga doser förekommer tyvärr biverkningar. Det är därför av stort intresse att klargöra glukokortikosteroidernas verkningsmekanismer för att utifrån dessa fakta kunna framställa mer specifika läkemedel med färre biverkningar. I denna studie har vi använt dexametason som är en syntetisk glukokortikosteroid.<br/><br> <br/><br> Effekterna av dexametason har studerats på celler som kallas makrofager. Makrofager är en sorts vita blodkroppar som deltar i kroppens försvar mot främmande organismer. Vid aktivering av makrofager är fosfolipas A2 det enzym som reglerar hastigheten med vilken olika inflammationssubstanser såsom prostaglandiner och leukotriener bildas. Cytokiner är ett annat exempel på substanser som bildas och frisätts av makrofager och medverkar vid inflammationer.<br/><br> <br/><br> I den första studien fann vi att dexametason hämmar både bildningen av proteinet fosfolipas A2 (cPLA2) och dess aktivitet. Många proteiners aktivitet regleras genom fosforylering (ett s.k. kinas kopplar på en fosfatgrupp på en aminosyra) respektive defosforylering (borttagning av fosfatgrupp som utförs av fosfatas). Vi fann att vi genom att tillsätta en substans som hämmar fosfataser (okadainsyra) kan upphäva effekten av dexametason. Detta indikerar att hämningen av cPLA2 aktiviteten eventuellt sker genom induktion av ett fosfatas. Vi har också arbetat med att kartlägga vilka aminosyror det är som fosforyleras vid aktivering av cPLA2. Tre olika kinaser har tidigare föreslagits fosforylera cPLA2. Våra data ger inte något stöd för att dexametason skulle hämma något av dessa i samma utsträckning som cPLA2 hämmas. Dex påverkar också cytokiner. Vi har valt att studera främst interleukin-1 och tumour necrosis factor vilka är två cytokiner med stor betydelse vid inflammatoriska tillstånd. Regleringen av cytokiner är viktig eftersom de behövs för att kroppen ska kunna bekämpa infektioner och även cancer, men överaktivering av cytokiner kan ha dödlig utgång. Vi fann att dexametason hämmar bildningen av dessa cytokiner. De båda cytokinerna hämmas under olika betingelser och i olika steg i processen som leder fram till det färdiga proteinet. Även för regleringen av cytokiner med dexametason fann vi att fosfataser är av stor betydelse.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sammanfattningsvis hämmas långt ifrån alla proteiner som är involverade vid inflammationer av dexametason. Dock utövade glukokortikosteroiderna en kraftfullt hämmande effekt på flera olika viktiga proteiner varav ett är cPLA2. En sådan komplex verkan är med all sannolikhet av stor betydelse för finjusteringen av balansen i kroppens immunsvar. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bb109f82-9658-4178-b2a2-aa33fdee4e67 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5922756/1693387.pdf application/pdf 15814227 no Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Lund University 2000 eng pharmacognosy Pharmacological sciences signal transduction dexamethasone cytosolic phospholipase A2 glucocorticoids macrophages protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinases TNF-alpha IL-1beta protein phosphatases okadaic acid pharmacy toxicology Farmakologi farmakognosi farmaci toxikologi Infectious Medicine 40246 ISRN: LUMEDW/MECM--00/1039--SE 108 2000-03-01T10:15:00+01:00 bb109f82-9658-4178-b2a2-aa33fdee4e67 2016-04-04T12:04:53+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:04:53+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:550735ab-ad80-41cb-9381-df69c0ceb5bf 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall (DC: Shö) at the Department of Design Sciences (IKDC), Sölvegatan 26, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Maisam Abbasi author 6df405c6-1825-45cd-90c9-b03448325846 Fredrik Nilsson supervisor 75071227-5749-401c-b39d-cec58c67ed12 Gunilla Jönson supervisor dab5b354-f87b-4db8-973a-387ae1636a94 Henrik Sternberg - Använd ej! supervisor 490ca64d-f9fb-4e41-85e8-7dc69081b210 Günter Prockl opponent Department of Operations Management, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Packaging Logistics v1000238 department To develop sustainable supply chains in a way that their negative environmental and social effects are minimized, shortand long-term targets should be set. The transformation of supply chains towards these targets calls for the development of innovative strategies and the need to continuously identify, classify, and tackle the challenges that can hinder the<br/><br> execution of such strategies. To develop innovative strategies, the patterns of current trends and themes need to be learned<br/><br> and the missing ones need to be identified.<br/><br> <br/><br> The purpose of this research was to explore themes and challenges in developing sustainable supply chain activities from<br/><br> theoretical and empirical perspectives. Six research studies (RS) were designed and carried out. Two explored the patterns<br/><br> of the themes and challenges in making supply chains environmentally and socially sustainable in general (RS1, RS2).<br/><br> One explored freight transport (RS3), one, urban freight distribution (RS4), and one, logistical services (RS5) in<br/><br> particular. RS6 explored a complexity theory perspective (CTP) on managing, governing, and developing sustainable<br/><br> supply chains activities. A CTP was chosen because of its applicability and ability to provide an understanding of the<br/><br> complex phenomena that sustainable development and supply chains represent.<br/><br> <br/><br> During and after the design of each research study, data were collected from a variety of sources and then analyzed by<br/><br> different researchers on some occasions and by different methods. Thus, the research design, data collection, and data<br/><br> analysis were mixed and overlapping, because they were not completely sequentially carried out. The aim of the analysis<br/><br> was to generate knowledge by (re)organizing and categorizing the data collected, by exploring the meaning of the data<br/><br> (i.e., generating information), and identifying their patterns of associations. After assessing the quality of the synthesized<br/><br> knowledge, the results were communicated to several target groups through several communication channels.<br/><br> <br/><br> In RS1, five major themes and challenges were identified in making supply chains environmentally sustainable. RS5 led<br/><br> to a deeper understanding of the insights of logistics service providers (LSPs) about the challenges identified in RS1. RS2<br/><br> led to the identification of five major themes and eight major challenges in making supply chains socially sustainable. In<br/><br> the context of freight transport in RS3, fifteen major themes and five major challenges emerged. In the context of urban<br/><br> freight distribution in RS4, these numbers were eight major themes and seven major challenges. However, the results (i.e.,<br/><br> the generated knowledge) about the themes and challenges were subjective: They were influenced by my interpretation of<br/><br> what had been said, observed, or scientifically written. The results were also relative (related to what had been said,<br/><br> observed, or scientifically written), and influenced by the different methods for collection and analysis of data.<br/><br> <br/><br> By combining the thirty-three identified themes in the research studies and classifying them based on their similarities and<br/><br> overlap, four central themes in making supply chains sustainable emerged out: sustainability in goods and services,<br/><br> sustainability in resources, sustainability in corporation, and sustainability in management and/or governance. Similarly,<br/><br> by combining the twenty-four identified challenges in the research studies and classifying them based on their similarities<br/><br> and overlap, five central challenges in making supply chains sustainable emerged out: shifting the values, difficulties of<br/><br> operationalization, dealing with complexity, difficulties of corporate governance, and SMEs difficulties. Taking a CTP<br/><br> was beneficial in understanding the complexity involved in the central themes of making supply chains sustainable. It also<br/><br> led to further propositions for tackling the challenges. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> If you wonder about the journey of goods and services before they reach you and the effects<br/><br> that journey has on the natural environment and the society, this dissertation is for you. In<br/><br> order to deliver goods and services from raw materials to you, the customer/consumer, several<br/><br> organizations and individuals interact with each other. They source the materials, manufacture<br/><br> or produce the products, pack and handle them, transport and distribute them, and ultimately<br/><br> sell them. These interactions and activities make up the supply chain (SC). Supply chain<br/><br> management (SCM) involves the management and integration of these interactions and<br/><br> activities. Numerous evidence-based studies show that SCM can increase your satisfaction as<br/><br> a customer and consumer, meet your demands, and reduce costs and conflicts for the<br/><br> organizations, businesses and individuals involved.<br/><br> <br/><br> Businesses are beginning to realize that SCs have several negative effects on their<br/><br> surrounding natural environment and societies that should be minimized. Examples of these<br/><br> are that SCs are still dependent on fossil fuels and nonrenewable natural resources. They give<br/><br> rise to atmospheric, land, water, noise, air pollution; lead to waste, congestion, injuries, and<br/><br> accidents; produce/manufacture and trade goods and services according to unethical laws and<br/><br> standards; and abuse human as well as employees’ rights. If remedies for mitigating the<br/><br> negative effects are not found soon, the costs will be too high for future generations to cope<br/><br> with the effects. It might also be too late for them to find and implement long-term solutions<br/><br> to keep our planet a sustainable place to live and our businesses sustainable to operate.<br/><br> <br/><br> The purpose of this research was to explore themes (topics, activities) in developing<br/><br> sustainable SCs so that the negative effects can be minimized. It also explored challenges<br/><br> (difficulties, obstacles, or dilemmas) that can hinder sustainable development of SCs. In-depth<br/><br> studies of logistical services and activities were carried out because they have not been well<br/><br> examined with a sustainability lens.<br/><br> <br/><br> The results revealed a pattern of themes in developing sustainable SCs. The first theme<br/><br> originated from the direct characteristics of sustainable goods and services. Goods and<br/><br> services can be sustainable if they are effective and efficient with minimized pollution, if they<br/><br> are sourced from renewable raw materials and natural resources, and are recyclable, safe,<br/><br> healthy, secure, and transparently traceable. This means that appropriate steps should be taken<br/><br> to generate goods and services sustainably so that all sorts of waste, emissions, toxicants,<br/><br> noise and air pollution are minimized. The second theme was related to sustainability in the<br/><br> resources necessary for generating goods and services, including the physical, financial,<br/><br> human, and intangible ones. Among the aspects discussed are: effectiveness and efficiency<br/><br> (appropriate resources, rightly utilized) with minimized pollution; recyclability; safety;<br/><br> security; respecting the rights of employees; developing a learning context; exploring and<br/><br> exploiting innovation; fostering diversity; employee development; protecting trust, brand, and<br/><br> reputation; maintaining and continuing business relationships; dealing with risks; as well as<br/><br> resistance and resilience.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sustainability does not emerge in just the goods, services, and resources of SCs, though. The<br/><br> third theme sheds light on inter-processes and interrelationships in sustainable SCs including<br/><br> the flows of goods and services from suppliers to consumers and vice versa that should be<br/><br> integrated. All the businesses involved should take and share responsibilities in following the<br/><br> ethical norms and minimum standards and requirements. They should also be responsible and<br/><br> collaborative in their relationships with others. Businesses also have responsibilities in<br/><br> developing their societies such as social investment, supporting public services, and<br/><br> vi<br/><br> philanthropy. Finally, the fourth theme underlined managerial and governmental activities in<br/><br> developing SCs.<br/><br> <br/><br> The results also revealed the pattern of the challenges in developing sustainable SCs. The first<br/><br> challenge was to shift the values in the supply chains in a way that the two non-economic<br/><br> pillars of sustainable development (environmental and social friendliness) are equally<br/><br> weighted with the economic pillar. This can hinder sustainable development of SCs when<br/><br> short-term costs are in focus or when customers prioritize financial criteria such as delivery<br/><br> time, price, functionality, and service-rate ahead of environmental and social criteria such as<br/><br> recyclability, emissions, and working conditions or rights of employees. The second challenge<br/><br> was related to the difficulties of operationalization due to asymmetric knowledge in the<br/><br> interpretation of criteria for sustainable development in different parts of SCs; difficulties in<br/><br> changing the resistant, reluctant, disregarding, or short-term mind-sets and behaviors; and<br/><br> uncertainties about short- and long-term changes that might affect SCs.<br/><br> <br/><br> The third challenge was dealing with the increasing complexity associated with the<br/><br> sustainable development of SCs. The first dimension that contributes to this complexity is the<br/><br> difficulty in evaluating SC sustainability. This is due to the subjectivity in defining the<br/><br> changing SC boundaries, the organizations and individuals involved, as well as the multiple<br/><br> ways that SC activities affect or are affected by their surrounding societies and environments.<br/><br> The second dimension relates to leakage/spillovers in open SCs because of the shift of<br/><br> emissions from one sector to another (from transport to production of electricity, for example)<br/><br> or from one country to another. Leakage may also occur when a stakeholder evades its<br/><br> responsibilities or externalizes its social and environmental degradation costs by transferring<br/><br> to or sourcing from places or stakeholders with looser regulations and standards. The third<br/><br> dimension involves several trade-offs that exist in the sustainable development of SCs, where<br/><br> making one part sustainable leads to unsustainability in another. There are also several<br/><br> conflicts of a paradoxical character that simultaneously exist in the managing and governing<br/><br> of sustainable SCs.<br/><br> <br/><br> The fourth challenge was related to the difficulties in corporate governance of sustainable SCs<br/><br> due to the large scale of interactions and activities. There are several contexts where supply<br/><br> chains operate, ranging from local to urban areas, regions, and different countries. Different<br/><br> rules, laws, standards, certificates, labels, norms, bureaucracies, and administration processes<br/><br> exist. There is considerable heterogeneity regarding sustainability practices between and<br/><br> within industries, and a reluctance of businesses to accept legislation or to participate in<br/><br> initiatives. There are also concerns over transparency, accountability, and the credibility of<br/><br> standards, norms, and third party or external auditors and certifiers. Finally, the fifth<br/><br> challenge was related to the difficulties of small and medium sized enterprises, as they may be<br/><br> uncertain about the benefits of upgrading to new sustainability standards and codes of<br/><br> conduct. They may also lack the knowledge, skills, time, money and human resources to<br/><br> respond to the social and environmental requirements of global buyers and SCs.<br/><br> <br/><br> The conclusion is that taking a complexity theory perspective (CTP) on sustainable SCs is<br/><br> beneficial to better understand, manage, and govern gradual and radical changes in them. A<br/><br> CTP takes into account changes in the themes and challenges and is helpful in dealings with<br/><br> the challenges, such as changing customers’ priorities; changing short-term mind-sets and<br/><br> behaviors; uncertainties; subjectivity in embodying SCs; dealing with leakage/spillovers,<br/><br> trade-offs, and paradoxes; and heterogeneity regarding sustainability practices between and<br/><br> within industries. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/550735ab-ad80-41cb-9381-df69c0ceb5bf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5924563/4429286.pdf application/pdf 3872596 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2014 eng Supply Chain Logistic Sustainable Development Sustainability Complexity Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics Other Mechanical Engineering 978-91-7473-956-5 978-91-7473-955-8 4429258 245 yes 2014-05-28T10:15:00+02:00 550735ab-ad80-41cb-9381-df69c0ceb5bf 2016-04-04T12:05:20+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:05:20+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bfcf18ef-d362-484f-b571-af594364fe00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for Chemistry and chemical engineering, Sölvegatan 41 sal B 1 Parisa Abedinpour author c62e98cd-7b21-4660-8cac-32cc24433510 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor P. Strålfors opponent Hälsouniversitet, Linköping Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department The intention of this work was to establish alternative purification methods to obtain highly purified caveolae from various tissues. In order to isolate caveolae, sufficiently pure plasma membranes are needed. A method is presented for the isolation of plasma membranes from lung tissue using a combination of conventional polyethylene glycol/dextran two-phase partitioning and affinity partitioning using the lectin wheat germ agglutinin as affinity ligand. A caveolae-enriched fraction was purified from lung plasma membranes isolated by this procedure. Caveolae were released from the membranes by Triton X-100 treatment or by sonication. Highly purified caveolae were obtained at low buoyant density by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The affinity method is advantageous to other methods for the isolation of plasma membranes and should be useful for other tissues as well.<br/><br> <br/><br> A method to purify caveolae by immunoaffinity partitioning was developed exploiting the interaction between caveolin and anti-caveolin antibodies. A sandwich approach was used where primary antibodies directed against caveolin interacted with biotinylated secondary antibodies and NeutrAvidin coupled to dextran in a polyethylene glycol/dextran two-phase system. Caveolae were directed efficiently into the immunoaffinity bottom phase of the two-phase system by the anti-caveolin antibody. Immunoaffinity two-phase partitioning has wider applications potentially, as this technique should be useful to purify any type of membrane by selecting appropriate antibodies directed against surface components of the membrane of interest.<br/><br> <br/><br> Caveolae were isolated to a high degree of purity from apical and basolateral domains of liver plasma membranes. The caveolae from the two domains were quite homogeneous as studied by immunoaffinity partitioning and electron microscopy. Analysis showed that the caveolae differed in properties in several respects. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Målsättningen för detta arbete var att isolera caveolae för att kunna studera deras struktur och funktion. Caveolae är omegaformade inbuktningar i cellmembranet, ungefär 50-150 nm i diameter. Caveolae finns i många typer of celler, men inte i röda och vita blodkroppar eller nervceller. Man tror att de har flera viktiga funktioner. Exempelvis kan caveolae transportera molekyler mellan olika regioner av cellmembranet och även till membraner inne i cellen. Caveolae är också ett viktigt element i överföringen av signaler från cellens omgivning till dess inre. Än så länge vet man inte om caveolae utför liknande funktioner i olika organ i kroppen eller om funktionerna skiljer sig åt. Den vanliga isoleringsmetoden för caveolae är baserad på att lösgöra dem från isolerade cellmembraner och sedan rena dem genom centrifugering i täthetsgradienter. Caveolae karakteriseras med hjälp av caveolin som är ett protein som finns i caveolaemembranet. Kolesterol och sfingolipider är viktiga lipider i detta membran, vilket gör det olösligt i vissa detergenter. Detta utnyttjas för att lösa ut caveolae från andra delar av cellmembranet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Isolerade cellmembraner används som startmaterial för att rena caveolae. Här har en alternativ metod använts som går ut på att rena membranerna i s.k. tvåfassystem. Ett tvåfassystem består av två polymerlösningar i vatten som inte är blandbara. Dessa lösningar bildar två faser ungefär som olja och vatten. Olika membraner fördelar sig olika i ett sådant tvåfassystem och kan separeras från varandra på det sättet. För att förbättra reningen av cell membraner har ett sockerbindande protein, ett s.k. lektin som isolerats från vetegroddar, kopplats till den ena faspolymeren. Eftersom lektiner binder till sockerrester som finns på ytan av cellmembranet styr man cellmembranet till den fas som innehåller lektinet. Proceduren kallas affinitetsrening. Caveolae kan sedan lösas ut från cellmembranet med detergenter. För att rena caveolae har en ny metod utarbetats som också bygger på tvåfasseparation och affinitetsfördelning. Här används antikroppar som känner igen caveolinet i caveolae för att styra caveolae till en av faserna i tvåfassystemet. Affinitetsfördelning är en bra och snabb metod för rening av caveolae. Metoden kan också utnyttjas för isolering av andra membraner genom att byta till antikroppar som är riktade mot ytproteiner i dessa membraner.<br/><br> <br/><br> Vi har alltså utvecklat alternativa tekniker för att isolera cellmembraner och caveolae för att kunna studera caveolaes exakta roll i celler. Exempelvis kan man studera sådana transportmekanismer i caveolae som utnyttjas av malaria- och sömnsjukeparasiter för att ta sig in i cellen. Även koleratoxin tas upp på samma sätt. Det är därför av intresse att rena caveolae för att kunna studera deras funktioner och därmed försöka lära sig styra sådana transportmekanismer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bfcf18ef-d362-484f-b571-af594364fe00 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5823347/1693183.pdf application/pdf 1937328 no Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University 2004 eng metabolism Biokemi Metabolism Biochemistry basolateral apical immunoaffinity wheat germ agglutinin caveolin caveolae caveolae enriched fraction plasma membranes rat lung rat liver Affinity Partitioning two-phase partitioning Biological Sciences 91-7422-046-2 466695 108 2004-02-27T10:30:00+01:00 Article: I. Isolation of a caveolae-enriched fraction from rat lung by affinity partitioning and sucrose gradient centrifugation1Parisa Abedinpour and Bengt JergilAnalytical Biochemistry 313 (2003) 1-8 Article: II. Purification of caveolae by affinity two-phase partitioning using biotinylated antibodies and NeutrAvidin-dextranIrene Barinaga Rementeria Ramírez, Parisa Abedinpour and Bengt JergilSubmitted to Analytical Biochemistry Article: III. Caveolae isolated from the apical and basolateral domain of rat liver differ in propertiesParisa Abedinpour and Bengt JergilManuscript bfcf18ef-d362-484f-b571-af594364fe00 2016-04-04T11:39:03+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:39:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b3ef026e-217f-47bd-bf11-f39a63b88bc6 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall B at the Department of Physics. 1 Andrea Resta author 1b4d7771-071f-4fc2-94b0-add3bf79d993 Jesper Andersen supervisor Edvin Lundgren supervisor d75ed37d-b68f-4ae2-b806-9a40698cb676 Professor Phil Woodruff opponent Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department This thesis investigates the adsorption, decomposition and reactions of small molecules on flat, oxidised and vicinal surfaces of late transition metals. The main technique for these studies is high resolution core level spectroscopy (HRCLS). All the studies presented in the thesis are performed in Ultra High Vacuum (UHV). The articles can be divided into three groups.<br/><br> The first three articles deal with co-adsorption on flat and stepped surfaces. The first article is focused on the adsorption thermodynamics that determines the adsorption sites. Adsorption of CO is performed on two surfaces vicinal to the Rh(111) surface which exhibit different step geometry to investigate the influence of the local step geometry on the adsorption process. The experiments proceed<br/><br> further to study CO co-adsorption with H2. The measurements and conclusions are supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The second article deals with the CO co-adsorption with oxygen and a kinetic analysis of the reaction occurring between CO and oxygen as function of the temperature. In this system, the two adsorbates create separate domains on the surface and the reaction proceeds with two different mechanisms depending on the temperature.<br/><br> The time evolution of the reactions has been followed by in-situ high resolution core level spectroscopy. The third article studies the co-adsorption of ethanol (C2H5OH) and oxygen on Rh(111). Due to a larger number of atoms the ethanol molecule allows a rich chemistry on the surface. Via high resolution core level spectroscopy it is shown<br/><br> that acetate (CH3COO −Rh) is formed during the ethanol oxidation process. This is confirmed by Infra Red Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy.<br/><br> The second group of articles, article four and five, investigates the interaction of small hydrocarbons such as ethanol and ethylene (C2H4) with flat and stepped Rh surfaces. Article four studies the adsorption of pure ethanol on Rh(111) and Rh(553). Here use is made of the HRCLS chemical sensitivity to identify the hydrocarbon<br/><br> species on the surfaces. DFT calculations proved to be an invaluable tool in this identification. Clear differences in the ethanol dissociation on a flat and a vicinal<br/><br> surface are observed. The fifth article investigates the affects of the steps and their local geometry on the decomposition of ethylidyne (C2H3) generated on the surface from ethylene. Rh(111) is used as reference to compare to the two different step geometries present on Rh(553) and Rh(322). Clear indications that the local step geometry influences the ethylidyne decomposition are found. The last group of articles, article six and seven, investigates the interaction between CO and H2 respectively and a re-oxidised Rh(111) surface. The reduction of the oxide thin film is measured in real time while the reductive reagent is introduced in the chamber. Both articles compare the microscopic information obtained from scanning tunnelling microscope and the laterally averaged information typical of HRCLS. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b3ef026e-217f-47bd-bf11-f39a63b88bc6 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5824076/636464.pdf application/pdf 11110331 no Department of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University 2007 eng Catalysis Ethylene CO. Surface Science Vicinal surface Ethanol Rh Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-628-7361-5 636237 150 2008-01-18T10:15:00+01:00 b3ef026e-217f-47bd-bf11-f39a63b88bc6 2016-04-04T11:39:14+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:39:14+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2738a10e-24fe-41aa-b5a9-bdff7fbdec75 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hall B Kemicentrum 1 Sabeen Survery author 34eae136-1dde-4e75-b986-4c0703f17448 Urban Johanson supervisor 960e96cc-4320-415c-8050-4b6aeb53e9b5 Per Kjellbom supervisor b5702680-a3ae-4a4b-9687-d4dd253eef9a Prof Eric Beitz opponent Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry University of Kiel, Germany Biochemistry and Structural Biology v1000650 department Membrane proteins play several important roles in a cell. Among these proteins are aquaporins (AQPs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels that mediate water transport, temperature and noxious chemical sensation, respectively. The function of some AQPs, for example the spinach isoform SoPIP2;1 is regulated by pH, phosphorylation and heavy metals such as mercury. However, the mechanisms by which mercury activate or inhibits AQPs are poorly understood. We suggest that mercury binds to SoPIP2;1 close to the C-terminal end and that the binding of mercury results in destabilization of the C-terminal region. This may affect its interaction with the residues forming the gate and therefore lead to an increase of the water permeability of SoPIP2;1 (Paper II). SoPIP2;1 is a highly selective water channel and can be produced as a functional protein in high yield in a heterologous system which suggest that SoPIP2;1 is a good choice for insertion in biomimetic membranes to be used for water purification. However, the stability of SoPIP2;1 in artificial membranes needed to be demonstrated. Thus we determined the stability of SoPIP2;1 in different lipids and identified E. coli polar lipids as the best system for reconstitution of SoPIP2;1. The results will contribute towards the effort to use SoPIP2;1 in biomimetic water filtration technology (Paper I). <br/><br> <br/><br> The animal TRP ion channel subtype A1 (TRPA1) from fruit fly, snake and mosquito has been implicated in warm temperature sensation. However, the threshold temperature which activates human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) is controversial. We addressed this issue by reconstituting the purified hTRPA1 in artificial lipid membranes. The purified hTRPA1 was found to be activated by cold temperatures and electrophilic chemicals. The results resolve the controversy surrounding the threshold temperature for the activation of hTRPA1 (Paper IV). The Anopheles gambiae TRPA1 (AgTRPA1) was found to be activated by heat and electrophilic compounds when reconstituted in artificial membranes after purification. The temperature activation as well as the binding of electrophilic ligands to AgTRPA1 resulted in the quenching of fluorescence suggesting that thermal and chemical activation brought about similar conformational changes of the protein and perhaps reflect the dynamic change in the conformation of residues involved in the gating process (Paper III). We also demonstrated that the N-terminal domain of both human and mosquito TRPA1 is not essential for thermal/chemical sensation (Paper III and Paper IV) as opposed to previous reports. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> Cells are the basic unit of life that exhibit dependence on water and ambient temperature to flourish and survive. So it is remarkable that the proteins responsible for the interaction of water and heat with the cell were not discovered until relatively recently. It was assumed for decades that water freely diffuse into and out of the cells without support. The cells are surrounded by a lipid (fat) membrane which forms a barrier to the passage of molecules that are not hydrophobic (fat soluble). Since lipid and water are immiscible, water does not readily pass through the membranes and require assistance in transport across the membranes. The identity of the proteins that form the channel in the membranes for the transport of water molecules was discovered in 1992. These proteins are now called as aquaporins (AQPs). In addition to water, some AQPs also transport other nutrient molecules such as glycerol, urea, ammonia, carbon dioxide and also signaling molecules such as hydrogen peroxide. The AQPs are vital to plant and animal function as exemplified by growth defects and diseases associated with AQP aberrant expression and function and therefore it is essential to study their function. The mechanism of water and nutrient conduction through AQPs is now well established but there are some aspects of the AQP function that are not very well understood. For example, the function of some of these AQPs is known to be inhibited by the mercury a toxic metal found in nature. However, some AQPs are activated by mercury despite sharing the similar structure with the AQPs inhibited by mercury. Although, the activation of AQP by mercury has been recognized for some time, the mechanism of activation is not known. In this thesis, we found out that mercury activate a spinach AQP. The structure of the spinach AQP is known which suggests that some part of the AQP protein act as a gate and open up the channel for water transport upon phosphorylation (a type of modification that is commonly known to regulate the function of large number of proteins). We speculate that mercury activated the spinach AQP by binding close to the gate of the channel and disrupting interactions in the closed form and thereby open it in a similar way as phosphorylation. Toxic heavy metals such as mercury and nickel produced by industrial waste are increasingly incorporated in the food chain and known to modulate the function of AQPs. Our finding shed new light into the mechanism of activation by mercury and will contribute towards a better understanding of AQP function. The spinach AQP is a highly selective water channel and it can be produced in abundance thus making it attractive to use in biotechnological application such as biomimetic water purification systems. However, this application requires the demonstration of stability of spinach AQP in different biomimetic membranes. We have conducted these studies and we hope that it will contribute towards the efforts to use the spinach AQP in biotechnological application. As mentioned earlier, the heat responsive proteins present in the cell membranes were discovered very recently. These proteins are called transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels and have several different subtypes with a distinct threshold for temperature activation. Some of these TRPs also lined our taste buds and responsible for the strong taste sensation when activated by chemicals found in food such as wasabi, pepper, chili, oregano, thyme, garlic, onion and compound found in mustard oil, eucalyptus oil, lemon grass and menthol etc. The fruit fly, snake and mosquito TRP type A1 (TRPA1) mediate warm temperature sensation. However, the temperature activation of human TRPA1 is mired in controversy with different researchers reporting disparate threshold temperatures. Moreover, there is no demonstration of TRP activation by temperature in a pure system without presence of accessory proteins and small molecules. We demonstrated the activation of human and mosquito TRPA1 by cold and heat, respectively, in a purified system, thus proving for the first time that temperature sensation is indeed intrinsic to TRPA1, which will eventually resolve the controversy regarding the cold activation of human TRPA1. A large part of the TRPA1 protein is formed by a repetitive unit known as ankyrin repeats. Some researchers have proposed that these repeats are essential for thermal and chemical sensation. We demonstrate in this thesis that TRPA1 still retain the temperature and chemical sensation even after the removal of these repeats. These results will contribute towards a better understanding of TRPA1 function which has been recognized as a target for pain management. Inhibitors of human TRPA1 will have an application as painkillers. Similarly, mosquitos use TRPA1 to identify hosts for sucking blood, thus compounds that modulate the function of TRPA1 may function as mosquito repellants. However, these pursuits will require a better understanding of TRPA1 function. The results of this study may contribute towards these efforts by providing the evidence that ankyrin repeats are not responsible for temperature and chemical sensation and therefore future drug design should target other parts of TRPA1 proteins for selective inhibition of chemical and temperature sensing domain. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/2738a10e-24fe-41aa-b5a9-bdff7fbdec75 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5824246/5421734.pdf application/pdf 9986913 no Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University 2015 eng MIPs AQPs TRP ion channels water transport themo sensor Electrophiles Biological Sciences 978-91-7422-403-0 5415972 156 2015-06-12T10:15:00+02:00 2738a10e-24fe-41aa-b5a9-bdff7fbdec75 2016-04-04T11:39:18+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:39:18+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:750c75a9-122f-4743-9684-b389f3ab18f2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall B, Department of Physics 1 Oxana Smirnova author 2e4d12d4-595e-4a06-87db-cd78955c3d6c [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Hans Bøggild opponent The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, Particle and nuclear physics v1000632 department This thesis is based on the work that was done during 1992--1996 at the DELPHI detector at LEP. Its main parts are outlined below.<br/><br> <br/><br> The brief Introduction gives an overview of the science of Particle Physics, its development and contemporary status.<br/><br> <br/><br> The first chapter represents an introduction to the DELPHI detector at LEP, describing the main features of the LEP machine and the DELPHI detector as means to obtain an important information for the analysis.<br/><br> <br/><br> The second chapter is devoted to description of the development of one of the components of the DELPHI detector: the hadron calorimeter and its cathode readout system in particular.<br/><br> <br/><br> The third chapter describes the wide possibilities of QCD analysis using the information about hadronic decays of the Z boson produced in e+e- annihilation. The main goal of this work was to extract different components of the charged hadron cross section and to derive the gluon fragmentation function.<br/><br> <br/><br> In the fourth chapter results of the studies of two-particles correlations in hadronic Z decays are presented. The analysis of directional and transverse mass dependences of the Bose-Einstein correlations is performed. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/750c75a9-122f-4743-9684-b389f3ab18f2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5825643/1030369.pdf application/pdf 3170591 no Experimental High-Energy Physics 1996 eng fragmentation gluon QCD hadron calorimeter DELPHI LEP accelerator particle Fysik Physics Bose-Einstein correlations Fysicumarkivet A:1996:Smirnova Subatomic Physics ISBN 91-628-2183-0 28655 ISRN: LUNFD6/(NFFL--7127)1996 78 1996-10-17T10:15:00+02:00 750c75a9-122f-4743-9684-b389f3ab18f2 2016-04-04T11:39:40+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:39:40+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e1d6a675-bb89-457c-9705-1e7e191ef9f0 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room C at Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 1 Leif Karlson author 939e0798-6875-4cef-9a1d-be8c1afbcd0f [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Ilias Iliopolous opponent Physical Chemistry v1000657 department Structure- property relationships and thickening mechanism in aqueous solution of two hydrophobically modified polymers (HM-P) with different architecture have been investigated. The two polymers, hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HM-EHEC) and hydrophobically modified polyethylene glycol (HM-PEG), are commonly used as associative thickeners in the paint industry. The strength of the hydrophobic associations in an aqueous solution of a HM-P is very much influenced by the structure of the HM-P. Longer hydrophobic groups give stronger association and longer relaxation times resulting in a more elastic consistency to the solution. The thickening mechanisms of HM-EHEC and HM-PEG were studied by addition of cyclodextrin (CD). In an aqueous solution a CD molecule can form a complex with a hydrophobic molecule or part of a molecule provided that the hydrophobic group fits into the cavity of the cyclodextrin molecule. CD binds primarily to hydrophobic side- or end-groups of the polymer and not to hydrophobic segments of the polymer backbone. The addition of CD provides unique information about the thickening mechanism that can not be achieved by the addition of other substances that disconnect all types of hydrophobic associations, for example surfactants at high concentration. A remarkable observation is that in a HM-PEG solution of an intermediate concentration it is enough to terminate only a small fraction of the total amount of associative linkages to reduce the viscosity almost to the same level as for a solution of an unmodified PEG. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Vattenbaserad målarfärg är ett exempel på en vattenlösning som måste förtjockas för att den skall uppföra sig som vi vill. I en färg med för låg viskositet sjunker alla partiklar snabbt till botten på burken och när man målar kan man bara ta lite färg i penseln om inte färgen skall droppa. För att färgen skall få rätt viskositet tillsätts vattenlösliga polymerer. En bra bild för att förstå hur förtjockningen med polymerer går till är en tallrik spagetti. Trådarna av spagetti trasslar in sig i varandra och det är svårt att röra runt med gaffeln. Polymermolekylerna i en lösning uppträder på samma sätt. De är långa trådar som trasslar in sig i varandra och hindrar varandra från att röra sig vilket resulterar i en förhöjd viskositet. Om man skär spagettin i mindre bitar går det lättare att röra omkring med gaffeln. På samma sätt är det med polymerlösningar. Korta polymermolekyler (låg molekylvikt) förtjockar mindre än långa polymermolekyler. Polymerer med hög molekylvikt är effektiva förtjockare vilket betyder att bara lite polymer behöver tillsättas när man tillverkar vattenbaserad färg för att färgen skall få önskad vsikositet. Nackdelen är att färg förtjockad med polymer med hög molekylvikt har dålig täckförmåga vilket betyder att man måste göra flera strykningar för att få bra täckning. Andra nackdelar är att färgen skvätter mycket när man rollar den på väggen eller i taket och att den har dålig utflytning d.v.s. att den målade ytan får märken av penseldrag. Polymerer med lägre molekylvikt ger bättre färgegenskaper men i gengäld måste mycket mer polymer tillsättas för att man skall få önskad viskositet. I en hydrofobmodifierad polymer (HM-polymer) har en liten mängd hydrofoba grupper (”tycker inte om vatten”) reagerats fast längs polymerkedjan. Eftersom dessa inte tycker om vatten söker den sig istället till andra hydrofoba grupper i lösningen så att den kan omge sig med hydrofoba grupper och minimera kontakten med vatten. Man säger att de hydrofoba grupperna associerar till varandra. Resultatet blir tvärbindningar mellan polymerkedjorna och att alla polymerkedjorna hänger ihop i ett enda stort nätverk. Detta resulterar i en avsevärd förhöjning av viskositeten. Stora hydrofoba grupper ger starkare tvärbindningar än små grupper och därför högre viskositet. I liknelsen med spagetti kan man säga att de hydrofoba grupperna är som riven ost som klistrar ihop spagettin och gör det ännu svårare att röra runt. När sådana hydrofobmodifierade förtjockare används i färg ger de en kombination av de goda egenskaperna från förtjockare med hög och låg molekylvikt. Samtidigt som de ger bra färgegenskaper såsom bra täckförmåga, bra utflytning och lite skvätt ger de hög förtjockningseffekt d.v.s. lite polymer behöver tillsättas. Hydrofobmodifierade polymerer förtjockar både genom intrassling av polymerkedjorna (spagetti) och genom associationer mellan hydrofoba grupper (smält ost). Arbetet i denna avhandling har gått ut på att försöka förklara hur förtjockningen går till och hur polymerens struktur påverkar dess egenskaper. Ett sätt att studera detta som jag har använt i det här arbetet är att tillsätta cyklodextrin till vattenlösningar av polymerer och se hur det påverkar lösningarnas viskositet. Cyklodextrinmolekylen liknar en mutter i formen. På utsidan är den hydrofil (tycker om vatten) medan hålet i mitten är hydrofobt (tycker inte om vatten). En hydrofob grupp på polymeren kan gömma sig inuti hålrummet på en cyklodextrinmolekyl förutsatt att den inte är för stor för att få plats i hålet. Det finns olika cyklodextriner med olika storlek på hålrummet. Med rätt cyklodextrin får det bara plats en hydrofob grupp i varje cyklodextrinmolekyl och bara en cyklodextrin får plats på varje hydrofob grupp. En hydrofob grupp som har gömt sig inuti hålrummet i en cyclodextrinmolekyl kan inte längre delta i att bilda tvärbindningar. Resultatet blir att polymernätverket faller sönder och viskositeten sjunker. Eftersom varje cyclodextrinmolekyl tar hand om en hydrofob grupp kan man bryta tvärbindningarna i polymernätverket på ett mycket kontrollerat sätt och därmed få en detaljerad bild av hur förtjockningen går till. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e1d6a675-bb89-457c-9705-1e7e191ef9f0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5826447/1693149.pdf application/pdf 1859541 no Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University 2002 eng polymer self diffusion Physical chemistry Fysikalisk kemi rheology hydrophobically modified polyethylene glycol hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose cyclodextrin hydrophobically modified polymer associative thickener Physical Chemistry (including Surface- and Colloid Chemistry) 91-7422-007-1 464906 148 2002-10-04T13:15:00+02:00 Article: (I)Rheology of an aqueous solution of an end-capped poly(ethylene glycol) polymer at high concentrationKarlson, L.; Nilsson, S.; Thuresson, K. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1999, 277, 798-804. Article: (II)Clouding of a cationic hydrophobically associating comb polymerThuresson, K.; Karlson, L.; Lindman, B. Colloid and Surfaces A: Physiochem. Eng. Aspects 2001, 201, 9-15 Article: (III)Phase behavior and rheology in water and in model paint formulations thickened with HM-EHEC: influence of the chemical structure and the distribution of hydrophobic tailsKarlson, L.; Joabsson, F.; Thuresson, K. Carbohydrate Polymers 2000, 41, 25-35. Article: (IV)A rheological investigation of the complex formation between hydrophobically modified ethyl (hydroxy ethyl) cellulose and cyclodextrinKarlson, L.; Thuresson, K.; Lindman, B. Carbohydrate Polymers 2002, 50, 219-226. Article: (V)Cyclodextrins in HM-PEG Solutions. Inhibition of Rheologically Active Polymer-Polymer AssociationsKarlson, L.; Thuresson, K.; Lindman, B. Submitted Article: (VI)Complex formed in the system hydrophobically modified polyethylene glycol / methylated α-cyclodextrin / water. An NMR diffusometry studyKarlson, L; Thuresson, K.; Malmborg, C.; Söderman O. Submitted e1d6a675-bb89-457c-9705-1e7e191ef9f0 2016-04-04T11:39:52+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:39:52+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:119e44db-7e5b-4643-b896-62388890feb3 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Pangea auditorium 1 Cecilia Olsson author 0635fad8-893e-419a-9712-a25fa1c2f305 Anna Maria Jönsson supervisor d2ec661b-1fae-450c-b0a3-b5aa5b2a337b Andrew Richardson opponent Dept of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Plant phenology in the boreal and temperate climate zones is synchronised with seasonal changes in temperature and photoperiod. For deciduous trees, timing of budburst and leaf colouring define the growing season length and express adaptations to trade-offs in growth and risks. An extended growing season due to climate warming will likely increase forest productivity, however these potential benefits may be outweighed by an increase in risks such as frost damage.<br/><br> In order to estimate the impact of climate change on forest phenology, the reliability of phenology models needs to be assessed. In this thesis, the ability of phenology models to capture inter-annual and spatial variation in budburst and leaf colouring were evaluated for five tree species that are important in Swedish forest management; birch, beech, oak, Norway spruce and Scots pine. Model simulations were assessed in relation to model structure, the models representation of tree physiology processes and the calibration -, temperature - and phenology data used. The novelty of the thesis is that simulations were carried out across large regions using extensive phenological datasets which consist of observations of more than 1000 trees, with up to 60 observation-years per tree. <br/><br> The results indicate that the model structure influence the models sensitivity to calibration data and to temperature conditions. Spatial differences in trees response to environmental cues is not well represented in the models. The models do not consider differences in provenance-specific requirements and therefore was the accuracy of the simulations influenced by the models being tuned to the average phenological response of the calibration data. Overall, the budburst models overestimated the temperature effect. In colder regions where budburst usually occurs later, budburst was simulated to occur too late, and in warmer regions where budburst occurs earlier, budburst was simulated to occur too early. The more accurate budburst models were in general structurally simple. They considered the effect of warm spring temperatures, thereby assuming full dormancy release without considering winter conditions. Leaf colouring was better estimated by average day of leaf colouring than by the model simulations.<br/><br> In conclusion, the results indicate that the models do not capture the phenology across large regions well enough to be considered reliable for climate change assessments, emphasising the lack of mechanistic understanding of phenological processes. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> I den boreala och tempererade klimatzonen är växternas fenologi synkroniserad med årstidsväxlingar i temperatur och dagslängd. För lövträd påverkar tidpunkten för knoppsprickning och lövfärgning både tillväxt och risktagande. En förlängd växtsäsong till följd av ett varmare klimat innebär sannolikt högre produktivitet inom skogsbruket, men kan också leda till ökad risk för exempelvis frostskador.<br/><br> För att uppskatta klimatförändringarnas effekt på skogens fenologi behövs tillförlitliga fenologimodeller. I den här avhandlingen utvärderades hur väl fenologimodeller fångar mellanårs och rumslig variation i tidpunkt för knoppsprickning och lövfärgning för fem trädarter viktiga inom svensk skogsbruk; björk, bok, ek, gran och tall. Modellsimuleringarna analyserades i relation till modellkonstruktion, modellernas representation av trädens fysiologiska processer och till den kalibrerings-, temperatur- och fenologidata som användes. För att kunna göra en bra utvärdering användes observationer från fler än 1000 träd runt om i Europa, med upp till 60 års observationer per träd. <br/><br> Resultaten indikerar att modellernas konstruktion påverkar modellerna känslighet för kalibreringsdata och temperaturförhållanden. Modellerna lyckades inte fånga rumsliga skillnader i trädens respons till temperatur och dagslängd. Eftersom modellerna inte tar hänsyn till att träd med olika härkomst kan ha olika ljus- och temperaturbehov, påverkades precisionen i simuleringarna av modellkalibreringen genom att modellerna anpassats till den genomsnittliga fenologiska responsen i kalibreringsdata. Överlag överskattade knoppsprickningsmodellerna temperatur-effekten. I kallare regioner där knoppsprickning sker relativt sent simulerades knoppsprickning för sent och i varmare regioner där knoppsprickning sker tidigare simulerades knoppsprickning för tidigt. De bättre knoppsprickningsmodellerna var relativt enkla i sin konstruktion och inkluderade effekten av varma vårdagar medan vintervilan antogs var helt bruten genom att inte inkludera vinterförhållanden. Tidpunkt för lövfärgning uppskattades bättre av medeldag än med modellsimuleringar.<br/><br> Sammanfattningsvis indikerar resultaten att modellerna inte simulerar fenologi tillräckligt bra för att kunna anses vara tillförlitliga i klimatförändringsstudier, vilket betonar bristen på mekanistisk förståelse av fenologiska processer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/119e44db-7e5b-4643-b896-62388890feb3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5827081/4699512.pdf application/pdf 5713951 no Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University 2014 eng Physical Geography 978-91-85793-43-3 4698893 145 2014-11-14T10:00:00+01:00 119e44db-7e5b-4643-b896-62388890feb3 2016-04-04T11:40:03+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:40:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e5bc0a0c-5267-410f-9983-4aff3b99ff47 2025-10-27T12:36:38Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published The Blue Hall, Ecology Building, Lund University 1 Martin Hartvig author 4fff1fe2-0c49-4663-88c5-86d8c5201ba4 Per Lundberg supervisor da10ed54-8125-456a-87ca-8afd77d0e01e Professor Owen Petchey opponent Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland Evolutionary ecology v1000609 department This thesis sets out a food web framework for size-structured populations. The framework enables an ecological approach to food web modelling as the individual life-history from birth, through maturation, and ultimately death is explicitly resolved with the use of bioenergetics based on individual body size. Each population resolves size-structure through a size-spectrum containing the individual abundance as a continuous function of body size. Individuals select prey items of a suitable size, which can be popularised as "big ones eat smaller ones". This allows individuals to change diet throughout life (life-history omnivory). In the framework individual food consumption leads to growth in body size and allocation to reproduction, which drives the population dynamics as opposed to instantaneous population increase in unstructured food web models. Paper I introduces the framework and shows how a simple realistic parametrisation is possible when a trait-based species characterisation is used. An analytical approximation of the food web framework is derived, and validated through comparison with dynamic simulations. Paper II extends the dynamic framework by also considering space, and demonstrates how large food webs can be formed through sequential community assembly. The resulting communities resemble the topology of natural food webs as well as complying with empirical data on diversity and biomass distributions -- demonstrating that individual-level food encounter and prey-selection from the rule "big ones eat smaller ones" lead to complex and realistic food webs. Paper III uses the analytical solution of the framework to show the conditions under which the many-small-eggs strategy of the fishes is a viable strategy. Paper IV utilises the trait-based species description to show that coexisting species pairs involved in intraguild predation exist for all resource levels. The model thus explains empirically observed coexistence at high resource levels contrary to contemporary theoretical models. Paper V demonstrates how harvesting initiates a trophic cascade that may propagate both downwards and upwards in trophic levels, and that the harvesting pattern may influence whether or not trophic cascades are empirically detected. In Paper VI the analytical solution is used to provide a theoretical understanding of empirically observed relationships between natural mortality, growth, and production rates. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> A food web is a network diagram that describes which species that eat each other in nature. Such networks in marine environments e.g. show that cod eat herring, sprat, and sandeel - and that these eat numerous other species. Understanding of these relationships is a fundamental scientific problem, which can be used to assess the consequences for the stocks when we e.g. fish cod for New Years eve, herring for the Christmas table, and sandeel for animal feed.<br/><br> <br/><br> When diving into the ocean you are quickly overwhelmed by complexity. A cod is not just a cod. There is small cod, large cod, and cod larvae, which are tiny cods that have just hatched from their eggs. The larvae eat copepod eggs, the smaller cods feast on crustacea on the ocean floor, and the larger cods pursue smaller fish as sandeel, sprat, and herring.<br/><br> <br/><br> To understand this complexity we have to consider the individuals instead of species as more systematic patterns then emerge: small individuals eat small prey, and large individuals eat large prey.<br/><br> <br/><br> When individuals reach adulthood they start reproduction. The difference between "small" and "large" species is that they reach adulthood at different body sizes. Herring reach the adult stage at a small size, where growth stops as energy is spend on reproduction instead of growth. Correspondingly, this happens at a larger body size for cod.<br/><br> <br/><br> From the simple rule 'big ones eat smaller ones' we have formulated a mathematical model of individuals' life-history and their food intake from the larvae stage, through the juvenile stage, to the adult stage, where they start reproducing and thus contributes to their species population (Paper I). This conceptually simple model results in food webs that resembles natural food webs, allowing us to conclude that complex natural food webs result from simple individual-level interactions (Paper II).<br/><br> <br/><br> Fish has a peculiar reproductive strategy, as they produce many small eggs that are left alone from the beginning. This stands in striking contrast to mammals, who produce few larger offspring which they care for. With the use of the mathematical model we show that the strategy of the fishes is advantageous for them, but that a lower boundary of adult body size exists, below which the strategy becomes problematic (Paper III). Eggs cannot be arbitrarily small, which renders the many-small-eggs strategy disadvantageous to e.g. the stickleback, as the size of the eggs and the stickleback itself prohibits production of many eggs. To compensate for this the stickleback has evolved parental care as the mammals: The male stickleback builds a nest, where the female spawns, after which the males guards the nest till the eggs hatch. By doing this the stickleback reduces mortality for the population as a compensation for the missing eggs.<br/><br> <br/><br> In nature species compete for food. If two species share prey, the one which is best a capturing prey will outcompete the other. If one of the species has a larger adult body size the large one can eat the smaller one, while they compete for food in the early life-stages. The two species can only coexist if the smaller one is better at capturing food in the early life-stages. This constellation is termed 'intraguild predation', and in nature it occurs in environments with both low and high productivity. Our model explains coexistence in both environments (Paper IV) , whereas contemporary models fail to describe the coexistence in high productivity environments.<br/><br> <br/><br> Fisheries biologists use a set of numbers as e.g. natural mortality, which is the mortality not stemming from fishing, to assess how many tonnes of fish that can be harvested without damaging the stock. Our model can be used to relate these numbers to individual-level processes, which allows estimation of natural mortality from fish consumption and body size (Paper VI). This increases the confidence to the assessment models, as the numbers used for the model can be cross-checked using different methods.<br/><br> <br/><br> Models used in stock assessment are predominantly based on management of single stocks, meaning that they cannot manage ecosystems as a whole. Using our mathematical model we show how marine ecosystems respond when multiple species are fished intensively (Paper V). By adjusting the fishing level on large and small species it is possible to avoid reconfiguration where some species reach a higher biomass while other species experiences a reduction of biomass, which renders them vulnerable to extinction.<br/><br> <br/><br> In addition of providing an understanding of how natural ecosystems are organised, the model developed in this thesis can also be used to establish models for multi-species fisheries, which may help ensure future presence of cod for New Year, and herring that can be washed down with snaps at Christmas.<br/><br> <br/><br> <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> En födoväv är ett diagram som beskriver vilka arter som äter vilka i naturen. I sådana diagram ser man till exempel att torsk livnär sig på sill, skarpsill och tobis och att dessa i sin tur livnär sig på ett otal andra arter. Att förstå sådana sammanhang i naturen är dels ett grundläggande vetenskapligt problem och dels nödvändigt för att förstå vilka konsekvenser det kan få för olika fiskbestånd när vi till exempel fiskar torsk till nyårsmiddagen, sill till julbordet eller tobis till djurfoder.<br/><br> <br/><br> Om man dyker blir man snabbt överväldigad av komplexiteten i havet. En torsk är inte bara en torsk. Det finns liten torsk, stor torsk och torsklarver som är pyttesmå torskar som just har kommit ut ur äggen. Larverna äter ägg från vattenloppor, små torskar äter kräftdjur från havsbotten och större torsk försöker få fatt i mindre fiskar som tobis, skarpsill och sill.<br/><br> <br/><br> För att förstå denna komplexitet måste man betrakta individer snarare än arter då mer systematiska sammanhang synliggörs: små individer äter små byten och stora individer äter stora byten.<br/><br> <br/><br> När de enskilda individerna blir könsmogna börjar de reproducera sig. Skillnaden mellan "små" och "stora" arter är att de blir könsmogna vid olika storleker. Sillen blir könsmogen vid små storlekar vilket gör att de slutar växa, till följd av att energin används till reproduktion i stället för tillväxt. Motsvarande könsmognas torsk först vid större storlekar.<br/><br> <br/><br> Med utgångspunkt i den enkla regeln att 'stora äter små' har vi formulerat en matematisk modell av individers livshistoria och födointag från larvstadiet, via ungfiskstadiet till vuxenstadiet, där de reproducerar sig och bidrar till hela artens population (Artikel I). Denna konceptuellt enkla modell visar sig kunna reproducera födovävar som liknar födovävar vi ser i naturen. Därav drar vi slutsatsen att naturens komplexa nätverk är ett resultat av interaktioner på individnivå (Artikel II).<br/><br> <br/><br> Fisk har en säregen reproduktionsstrategi eftersom de producerar många små ägg som måste klara sig själva från början. Detta i kontrast till exempelvis däggdjur som får ungar i mindre antal men som tas omhand bättre. Genom att använda den matematiska modellen visar vi att fiskens strategi är fördelaktig, men att det finns en gräns för hur liten kroppsstorlek en art kan ha utan denna strategi blir problematisk (Artikel III). Det finns gränser för hur små äggen kan vara och på grund av detta är strategin med många små ägg inte fördelaktig för exempelvis spiggen eftersom storleken på äggen och kroppsstorlek gör att den inte kan producera tillräckligt med ägg. För att kompensera för detta har spiggen anpassat sig evolutionärt till att ta hand om sina ägg precis som däggdjuren: Han-spiggen bygger ett bo där honan lägger äggen och sedan vaktar hannen äggen tills de kläcker. På detta sätt reducerar spiggen dödligheten for populationen som kompensation för lägre äggproduktion.<br/><br> <br/><br> I naturen konkurrerar arter om föda. Om två arter livnär sig från samma byte kommer den som är bäst att fånga och utnyttja bytet att konkurrera ut den andra. Om den ena arten har en större kroppsstorlek än den andra, kan de två arterna konkurrera om föda i tidiga livsstadier, medan den större arten kan äta av den mindre arten i senare livstadier. De två arterna kan samexistera om den mindre arten är bättre än den större på att utnyttja födan i tidiga livsstadier. En sådan konstellation kallas för 'intraguild predation' och återfinns i naturen i miljöer med både hög och låg näringstillgång. Vår modell kan förklara denna typ av samexistens i bägge dessa typer av miljöer (Artikel IV). Andra modeller kan bara förklara samexistensen i näringsfattiga miljöer däremot.<br/><br> <br/><br> Fiskeribiologer utnyttjar ett antal mått för att utforma skötselplaner som berör hur många ton fisk som kan fiskas utan att överutnyttja bestånden. Ett sådant mått är exempelvis naturlig dödlighet, det vill säga sådan dödlighet som inte beror på fiske. Vår modell kan användas för att relatera sådana mått till processer på individnivå så att exempelvis den naturliga dödligheten kan beräknas från fiskens födointag eller kroppsstorlek (Artikel VI). Detta ökar trovärdigheten i de modeller som används i fiskerivården eftersom de måtten modellen utnyttjar kan kontrolleras med olika metoder.<br/><br> <br/><br> De modeller som används inom fiskerivården är i stor utsträckning baserade på att man har en separat modell för varje art sig, men ingen modell för hela ekosystemet. Med vår matematiska modeller visar vi hur marina ekosystemen påverkas när flera olika arter fiskas intensivt samtidigt (Artikel V). För att anpassa fisket på stor och liten fisk arter kan man undvika att bestånden hos vissa arter växer explosionsartat medan andra riskerar att dö ut.<br/><br> <br/><br> Modellen som studeras i denna avhandling har med andra ord flera tillämp-ningsområden. Dels kan den användas för att besvara grundläggande frågor om hur naturen fungerar, och dels kan den inspirera till utveckling av ekosystembaserade modeller till anpassning av fisket på olika arter, så att vi även i framtiden kan ha torsk på nyårsafton och sill till julsnapsen.<br/><br> <br/><br> <b>Popular Abstract in Danish</b><br/><br> Et fødenetværk er et diagram, der beskriver hvilke arter der spiser hinanden i naturen. I sådanne diagrammer ser man f.eks. at havets torsk spiser sild, brisling, og tobis -- og disse et utal af andre arter. At forstå sådanne sammenhænge i naturen er et helt grundliggende videnskabeligt problem, som kan bruges til at forstå hvilke konsekvenser det kan få for bestandene, når vi f.eks. fisker torsk op til nytårsbordet, sild til julebordet, eller tobiser til brug i dyrefoder.<br/><br> <br/><br> Hvis man dykker ned i havet, bliver man hurtigt overvældet af kompleksiteten. En torsk er ikke bare en torsk. Der findes små torsk, store torsk og torskelarver, som er bittesmå torsk der lige er kommet ud af deres æg. Larverne spiser vandloppeæg, de små torsk guffer krebsdyr fra havbunden, og de større torsk vil forsøge at få fat i mindre fisk som tobis, brisling, eller sild.<br/><br> <br/><br> For at forstå denne kompleksitet er vi nødt til at betragte individer fremfor arter, da mere systematiske sammenhænge så kommer til syne: små individer spiser små byttedyr, og store individer spiser store byttedyr.<br/><br> <br/><br> Når de enkelte individer bliver voksne begynder de at reproducere sig. Forskellen mellem "små" og "store" arter er, at de bliver voksne ved forskellige størrelser. Silden bliver voksen ved en lille størrelse, hvor væksten stopper fordi energien bruges på reproduktion i stedet for vækst. Tilsvarende sker dette først ved en større størrelse for torsken.<br/><br> <br/><br> Med udgangspunkt i den simple regel at 'de store spiser de små' har vi formuleret en matematisk model af individers livshistorie og fødeindtag fra larvestadiet, via ungfiskstadiet, til voksenstadiet, hvor de reproducerer sig og bidrager til den samlede artspopulation (Artikel I). Denne konceptuelt simple model viser sig at resultere i fødenetværk mellem arter som ligner de fødenetværk vi ser i naturen, hvormed vi kan konkludere at naturens komplekse netværk er resultatet af simple interaktioner på individniveau (Artikel II).<br/><br> <br/><br> Fisk har en speciel reproduktionsstrategi, da de producerer mange små æg, som må klare sig selv fra begyndelsen. Dette står i skærende kontrast til blandt andet pattedyr, som får et lille antal større unger de passer godt på. Ved at anvende den matematiske model viser vi at fiskenes strategi er fordelagtig for dem, men at der findes en grænse for, hvor lille en voksenkropsstørrelse en art kan have før strategien bliver problematisk (Artikel III). Der findes grænser for hvor små æg kan være, og pga. af dette er strategien med mange små æg ikke fordelagtig for f.eks. hundestejlen, da størrelsen af æggene og dens egen kropsstørrelse gør, at den ikke kan producere nok æg. For at kompensere for dette har hundestejlen tilpasset sig evolutionært ved at udvikle forældrepleje som ved pattedyr: Han-hundestejlen bygger en rede, hvor hunnen lægger æggene, og hannen holder vagt til de klækker. På denne måde reducerer hundestejlen dødeligheden for populationen som kompensation for de manglende æg.<br/><br> <br/><br> I naturen er der konkurrence om føden mellem arter. Hvis to arter har samme byttedyr, vil den art der er bedst til at fange og udnytte byttet på sigt udkonkurrere den anden. Hvis den ene art har større kropsstørrelse end den anden, kan de to arter konkurrere for føde i tidlige livsstadier, hvorimod den store art kan spise den lille art i senere livsstadier. De to arter kan kun sameksistere hvis den lille er bedre end den store til at udnytte fødegrundlaget i det tidlige livsstadie. I naturen findes denne konstellation, som kaldes 'intraguild predation', i miljøer med både lavt og højt næringsniveau. Vores model kan forklare denne sameksistens i begge miljøer (Artikel IV), hvorimod nuværende modeller ikke kan forklare sameksistensen i næringsrige miljøer.<br/><br> <br/><br> Fiskeribiologer benytter sig af en række parametre, som f.eks. den naturlige dødelighed, som er den dødelighed der ikke skyldes fiskeri, til at lave forvaltningsplaner for hvor mange tons fisk der kan fiskes op uden at bestanden lider overlast. Vores model kan bruges til at relatere disse parametre til processer på individniveau, så den naturlige dødelighed f.eks. kan beregnes ud fra fisks fødeindtag og kropsstørrelse (Artikel VI). Dette øger tilliden til de modeller der anvendes i forvaltningen, da de parametre der benyttes til modellen kan krydstjekkes med forskellige metoder.<br/><br> <br/><br> De modeller der benyttes til fiskeriforvaltning er i vid udstrækning baseret på, at man har en separat model for hver art, hvorfor de ikke kan bruges til økosystembaseret forvaltning. Med vores matematiske model viser vi hvordan det påvirker marine økosystemer, når der fiskes intensivt på forskellige arter samtidigt (Artikel V). Ved at justere fiskeriindsatsen på store og små arter kan man undgå at nogle arter får en meget stor population, mens andre får deres population reduceret til et niveau, hvor de kommer i fare for at uddø.<br/><br> <br/><br> Den model som udvikles i denne afhandling kan altså ikke alene bruges til at forstå hvorfor naturen ser ud som den gør. Den udgør også et udgangspunkt for økosystembaseret forvaltning, så vi i fremtiden fortsat kan spise torsk til nytår og sild til julesnapsen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e5bc0a0c-5267-410f-9983-4aff3b99ff47 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5829109/1887234.pdf application/pdf 2968258 no Department of Biology, Lund University 2011 eng food web community ecology community assembly size-structure life-history omnivory ontogeny trophic interactions trait based model topology emergent organisation size-spectrum Biological Sciences 978-91-7473-080-7 1887191 152 2011-04-29T10:00:00+02:00 e5bc0a0c-5267-410f-9983-4aff3b99ff47 2016-04-04T11:40:35+02:00 2025-10-27T12:36:38Z 2016-04-04T11:40:35+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:04383ee4-d65d-4e48-8fae-0abd681a22e2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room E1406, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3 g, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH. 1 Elinor Hallström author b64cdf51-fe0c-465b-9675-d6cad9a822df Pål Börjesson supervisor a83045ef-6e1e-425a-a100-74217ec4ed27 Associate Professor Ulf Sonesson opponent SP Food and Biosciences Environmental and Energy Systems Studies v1000256 department Food production and consumption are key drivers of environmental pressures and are essential factors in the promotion and maintenance of health. Production of food occupies more than one third of global land areas and is estimated to be responsible for some 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, we live in a world where nearly one billion people go hungry and even more people suffer from problems related to overweight and associated diet-related chronic diseases. This raises the question of the sustainability of current food systems and diets.<br/><br> This thesis analyzes the potential and limitation for diet change to contribute more sustainable food systems. The results show that dietary change can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and land use demand of the diet, and simultaneously improve the nutritional quality and health effects of the diet. The positive synergies suggest that dietary change can play an important role in reaching future environmental and health goals. <br/><br> Assessments of environmental- and health effects of food consumption and production are hampered by uncertainty and variability, and awareness of the limitations in the quality of data and methods is crucial. Transparent presentation of data and methods is necessary for a proper evaluation of the reliability and significance of the results. Improvement of data and further development of methods are required to further increase the quality of the assessments.<br/><br> In this thesis, an interdisciplinary approach is used which combines methods originating from the fields of environmental-, nutritional- and health- studies. Life cycle assessment is used to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions and land use demand of food production, while the nutritional and health effects of food consumption are analyzed by using nutrient calculation and nutrition epidemiology. Integration of nutritional and health aspects into environmental assessments of food is an exciting development of the research field contributing to important new knowledge. To further broaden the perspectives and deepen the knowledge of sustainable food systems more aspects need to be covered. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Hållbara matvanor - från jord till bord<br/><br> I Sverige äter vi i genomsnitt 800 kg mat per person och år. Vad och hur mycket vi väljer att stoppar i oss har stor betydelse både för planetens och vårt eget välmående. Den här avhandlingen handlar om hur våra val av livsmedel i den dagliga kosten påverkar miljön och hälsan. <br/><br> <br/><br> Vilken typ av livsmedel vi väljer att äta och dessa producerats har stor inverkan på vår miljö och egen hälsa. Den globala livsmedelsproduktionen ockuperar drygt en tredjedel av världens markyta, står för runt 30% av den totala klimatpåverkan och är identifierad som ett av de största hoten mot vår miljö. Vi lever samtidigt i en värld där nästan en miljard människor går hungriga och ännu fler lider av ohälsa relaterad till övervikt och fetma. Mot denna bakgrund är det lätt att ifrågasätta hållbarheten i dagens livsmedelssystem.<br/><br> <br/><br> Målet med den här avhandlingen är att bidra med ny kunskap om hur hållbarheten i dagens livsmedelsystem kan förbättras. Avhandlingen innehåller fyra artiklar som analyserar tre huvudsakliga frågor:<br/><br> I. Hur stor är potentialen att minska klimatpåverkan och markbehovet från dieten genom förändrade matvanor?<br/><br> II. Finns det några synergier och/eller konflikter mellan matvanor som tros främja en god hälsa och bidra till lägre miljöpåverkan? <br/><br> III. Vilka metodaspekter är viktiga att beakta då både miljö- och hälsoaspekter av livsmedel och dieter ska bedömas?<br/><br> <br/><br> Analysen av den första frågan visar att förändrade matvanor har en stor potential att minska klimatpåverkan och markbehovet från dieten. Dagens kunskapsläge visar att den enskilde individen kan minska sin diets klimatpåverkan och markbehov med hälften genom att förändra sina matvanor. Potentialen verkar främst bero på hur mycket och vilken typ av kött kosten innehåller men också på vilken typ av livsmedel som ersätter den minskade köttkonsumtionen. <br/><br> <br/><br> Som svar på den andra frågan finns flera positiva synergieffekter mellan de matvanor som bedöms gynna både hälsan och miljön. Grönsaker, frukt, baljväxter och fullkornsprodukter, som rekommenderas utgöra en stor andel av kosten för en god hälsa har ofta även en relativt låg miljöpåverkan. Resultaten visar att förändrade matvanor som minskar dietens miljöpåverkan även kan bidra till förbättrad folkhälsa, bland annat genom minskad risk för hjärt-kärlsjukdom, diabetes typ II och tjocktarmscancer. Matvanor med lägre miljöpåverkan kan emellertid innebära en risk för minskat intag av vissa näringsämnen, i synnerhet järn och zink. <br/><br> <br/><br> Analysen av den tredje frågan visar att val av data, metod och antaganden kan ha stor inverkan på beräkningar av dietens miljö- och hälsoeffekter. Resultaten visar att medvetenhet om variation och osäkerhet i data och metoder kan vara avgörande för en korrekt användning och tolkning av resultaten. Statistik för hur mycket kött vi äter kan, exempelvis, redovisa dubbelt så hög konsumtion om den beskriver den tillgängliga mängden köttråvara inklusive ben jämfört med om den beskriver den tillagade mängden uppätet kött. Då både miljö- och hälsoeffekter från vårt matsystem ska analyseras krävs därmed att man är observant så att rätt data används vid rätt beräkningar. <br/><br> <br/><br> I avhandlingen har olika analysmetoder kombinerats. För att beräkna dietens miljöpåverkan har en metod som kallas livscykelanalys används. Dietens hälsopåverkan har bedömts genom att beräkna livsmedels och dieters näringsinnehåll och med hjälp av nutritionsepidemiologi, en metod som används för att analysera hur intag av olika livsmedel och dieter påverkar risken att bli sjuk. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/04383ee4-d65d-4e48-8fae-0abd681a22e2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5829211/7766343.pdf application/pdf 8890988 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2015 eng disease health nutrition land use climate impact Diet Environmental Engineering Nutrition and Dietetics 978-91-7623-439-6 7766339 223 yes 2015-09-18T13:00:00+02:00 04383ee4-d65d-4e48-8fae-0abd681a22e2 2016-04-04T11:40:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:40:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4d4010f7-a808-4476-835d-048b8bf1a4bc 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room B, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering 1 Jesper Holm author 2b65175d-52b5-457c-b647-1f8b2dd5fcd6 Stefan Andersson-Engels supervisor 2c00e38d-5b81-4925-be2b-a4773725d864 Prof. Dr Peter Loosen opponent Fraunhofer-Institut für Lasertechnik ILT, Aachen, Tyskland Atomic Physics v1000622 department Laser-induced fluorescence is a clinical diagnostic tool, used for tumor demarcation and detection. The technique relies on the injection or topical application of a light sensitive drug called a photosensitizer. This substance has the ability to be accumulated to higher concentrations in cancer cells than in normal cells. This accumulation procedure takes from a few hours to several days, depending on the photosensitizer used. When the photosensitizer is illuminated with 405 nm light it will fluoresce in the red spectral region. The difference in photosensitizer concentration from cancer cells to noncancer cells can therefore be detected as a change<br/><br> in the fluorescence level. Two photosensitizers were used in this work: ALA-induced PpIX and mTHPC. A high power laser system is needed in order for the fluorescence detection to work when imaging large areas in real time. The suppression of the ambient lighting can be overcome using a pulsed laser system combined with a time gated camera.<br/><br> In this thesis such a laser system has been developed. Several factors were constraining the system, as it needed to be mobile, clinical certifiable, inexpensive and ompact, all in order for easy operation in a clinical setting. The target wavelength of the system was 405 nm, and this was realized by doubling the output of an 810 nm diode laser. In order to generate sufficient power at 810 nm, an external cavity tapered laser amplifier system was constructed. It consists of a tapered diode, that were anti-reflection coated on both the front and back facets. On the back facet, a collimating lens is directing the output beam towards a diffraction grating, used in the Littrow configuration, that spectrally stabilizes the laser system and determines the operating wavelength. The 1st order diffracted beam from the grating was coupled directly back<br/><br> into the amplifier, resulting in an output beam from the laser diode with 1.9 W of output power at 810 nm. The tuning range of this system was 30 nm and could be achieved be a simple rotation of the diffraction grating.<br/><br> In order to effectively frequency double the 810 nm laser beam, an external resonator containing a periodically poled KTP crystal was constructed. Periodically poled KTP was found to be susceptible to a photochromic damage called grey-tracking, at the power levels needed for generation of the 405 nm output beam. A<br/><br> very compact resonator design was used, as it allowed for a large acceptance bandwidth from the pump laser.<br/><br> For stable continuous wave operation the external resonator needed to be phase locked, using a polarization sensitive electronic circuitry. An output power of 300 mW at the target wavelength of 405 nm was obtained from this external resonator system. Thermal issues in the crystal was severely limiting the output power of the system, necessitating the use of a very long nonlinear crystal of 30 mm in length. The pulsed laser source was realized by scanning the external resonator on and off resonance and more than 700 mW of output power was obtained. Both the continuous wave and pulsed laser systems were clinically used on patients diagnosed with skin cancer and underwent photodynamic therapy. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4d4010f7-a808-4476-835d-048b8bf1a4bc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5928642/1213038.pdf application/pdf 22723437 no Atomic Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University 2008 eng Second Harmonic Generation Lasers PPKTP ALA Tapered laser diodes External cavity lasers Laser-induced fluorescence photodynamic therapy mTHPC Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-628-7570-1 1213037 113 2008-09-05T10:15:00+02:00 4d4010f7-a808-4476-835d-048b8bf1a4bc 2016-04-04T12:06:22+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:06:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:81763278-b990-4b8f-ba60-c7fb8e36714f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Blue hall, Ecology building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 1 Sara Ekström author 26225a80-075a-4976-8361-f9b35b94654a Emma Kritzberg supervisor 12e1c266-067d-499d-96b2-c857b5ccef73 PhD Chris Evans opponent Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK Division aquatic ecology v1000602 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department The term brownification refers to the trend of increasing water color, i.e. the water becoming browner, which has been observed throughout the northern hemisphere over the last decades. Brownification has both ecological and societal implications. From an ecological point of view the impaired light climate may e.g. reduce aquatic primary production and affect predator-prey interactions within the water, while from a societal point of view brownification may obstruct drinking water purification and reduce the recreational value of lakes. <br/><br> <br/><br> Traditionally, the increasing water color has been ascribed to increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the catchment, as DOM concentrations and water color often correlate both spatially and temporally. Several mechanisms have been proposed as the driver behind the increasing DOM concentration, e.g. decreasing acidification, land-use changes and climate change with increasing precipitation and temperature. Interestingly, in many cases the water color has increased more than the DOM concentration, implying that increasing DOM concentration alone is not sufficient to explain the increase in water color. Thus, there must be other factors also affecting the water color. <br/><br> <br/><br> In this thesis I show, in a field experiment, that lower acid load results in a higher net charge of the organic matter in soils and thereby a higher solubility and mobility, which should facilitate a higher transport of DOM from the terrestrial to the aquatic system. Moreover, concurrent with the increase in mobility, there was a change in the quality of the DOM, where DOM from a lower acid load was relatively more colored, aromatic and of higher molecular weight. Thus, a reduction in acid load may contribute to brownification by increasing the export and the color of terrestrially derived DOM to the aquatic system. Experiments were performed to test if the altered quality of the mobile soil DOM may affect its reactivity in the aquatic system. It was found that the susceptibility to photodegradation increases, while the susceptibility to bacterial degradation decreases. The relative importance of each turnover process may hence be altered due to the decreasing acidification. <br/><br> <br/><br> Another factor affecting the water color of freshwaters is the concentration of iron (Fe) in the water. Still, the potential role of Fe to brownification has not previously been addressed. Data from long-term monitoring showed that water color of most Swedish rivers have increased significantly since the early 1970’s. More surprisingly, most rivers also exhibit strongly increasing iron concentrations (up to 470 %). Increases is DOM concentration were significantly lower than the increase in water color and theoretically, variations in Fe concentration could explain on average 25 % and up to 75 % of increasing water color. <br/><br> <br/><br> Fe plays a key role in aquatic systems, affecting the biogeochemical cycling of many major elements, such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus the increasing Fe concentrations may have profound consequences. By analyzing within-year variations in water chemistry, air temperature, and dis-<br/><br> charge of three Swedish rivers, I explored what control Fe concentrations. It appears that variations in Fe concentrations are primarily driven by redox dynamics in the catchment. High discharge and high temperature create conditions that favor bacterial activities and reductive dissolution of the largely insoluble Fe(III) to the more soluble Fe(II). Fe(II) may then be transported from the soil to the aquatic system. Once in the oxic stream water, interactions with DOM maintain the Fe in solution. Furthermore, long-term trends of increasing air temperature and discharge in these catch-ments may have extended the periods of reducing conditions by increasing microbial activity and soil saturation, and thus have facilitated Fe transport to the aquatic system. <br/><br> <br/><br> In summary, it appears that in south Sweden, where the acidification has been high historically, the impact of decreasing acidification on organic matter mobility may be a major factor behind brownification, whereas in the north where the acidification has been much more restricted, increasing Fe concentrations may be more important. Climate change with increasing precipitation and temperature may increase the prevalence of reducing conditions in the soils, further facilitating the export of Fe to the aquatic system and causing a continuous brownification of the freshwaters. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Under de senaste årtiondena har vattenfärgen i många svenska sjöar och vattendrag ökat. Detta innebär att vattnet blir brunare, och detta fenomen benämns därför brunifiering. Brunifiering är inget unikt för Sverige, utan förekommer på åtskilliga ställen på norra halvklotet. Brunifieringen påverkar det akvatiska ekosystemet och vattnets potentiella samhällsnytta. Ur en ekologisk synvinkel kan brunare vatten till exempel minska tillväxten av växtplankton och undervattensväxter i sjön, eller missgynna fiskar som är beroende av synen för att finna sitt byte. Ur ett mänskligt perspektiv kan brunare vatten innebära att det blir svårare att rena och använda det som dricksvatten, och många finner en sjö med brunt vatten mindre trevlig att bada i. Därför är det viktigt att förstå varför vattenfärgen ökar. <br/><br> <br/><br> Brunifieringen brukar tillskrivas ökade koncentrationer av löst organiskt material (OM) – ofullständigt nedbrutna växtdelar från omgivande mark. Detta material ger vattnet en brun färg och i de flesta fall sammanfaller ökningen i vattenfärg med en ökning i OM-halt i vattnet. De ökade halterna av OM har härletts till bland annat klimatförändringar och förändringar i markanvändning. En annan teori är att det är den minskade försurningen som ligger bakom brunifieringen. Fram till åttiotalet skedde det stora utsläpp av svavel till atmosfären från bl.a. förbränning av fossila bränslen så som kol. I luften omvandlades svavlet till svavelsyra vilket sänker pH och försurar regnet. Tack vare lagstiftning har utsläppet av svavel minskat i Europa, och försurningen via regn har därmed minskat. Samtidigt som försurningen har minskat har vattenfärgen och halterna av OM i sjöar ökat, vilket gör att man tror att den minskade försurningen kan vara en av orsakerna till brunifieringen. <br/><br> <br/><br> I ett fältexperiment där jag bevattnade skogsmark med vatten med olika svavelinnehåll visade jag att minskad försurning, dvs högre pH i regnet, gör det organiska materialet i marken mer lösligt och rörligt, vilket betyder att mer OM kan följa med regnvatten från marken till närliggande bäck eller sjö. Förutom den ökade rörligheten såg jag förändringar i det organiska materialets beskaffenhet. Lägre försurning gav OM som bl.a. hade mer färg och bestod av större molekyler. Dessa förändringar i kvaliteten hos det organiska materialet kan påverka hur det bryts ner i sjön. Två viktiga processer för nedbryting av OM är fotooxidation, där OM bryts ner av solljus, och bakteriell nedbrytning, där bakterier använder OM som energikälla. Jag såg att OM under lägre försurning var mer tillgängligt för nedbrytning av solljus, men mindre tillgängligt för nedbrytning av bakterier. Detta kan komma att innebära att den ena processen blir viktigare än den andra för nedbrytningen av OM i det akvatiska systemet. I den utsträckning som minskad försurning är orsaken till brunifieringen kommer den att avstanna eftersom svavelhalterna i nederbörden börjar att närmar sig de nivåer som fanns innan försurningen startade.<br/><br> Förutom OM så är järn i vattnet en viktig faktor bakom vattenfärgen. Dock har järn inte tidigare studerats i samband med brunifiering. Jag visar att samtidigt som vattenfärgen och OM har ökat, så har halten av järn ökat allra mest i våra ytvatten. Vattenfärgen har ökat avsevärt mer än OM, och teoretiskt sett skulle en stor del av brunifieringen kunna bero på ökade järnhalter. <br/><br> <br/><br> Slutligen har jag studerat varför järnet i våra vattendrag ökar. Järnet kommer från omgivande mark, och variationen i järnkoncentration inom åar tycks till stor del bero på förekomsten av syrefria förhållanden i marken. När det blir syrefritt i marken blir järnet lösligt och kan transporteras ut till vattendragen. Syrefria förhållanden i marken bildas när hög markfuktighet sammanfaller med höga temperaturer. De pågående klimatförändringarna med mer nederbörd och högre temperatur kan komma att öka förekomsten och utbredningen av syrefria förhållanden, och därmed öka transporten av järn från mark till vatten. Det är därför troligt att brunifieringen kommer att fortgå även i framtiden. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/81763278-b990-4b8f-ba60-c7fb8e36714f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5931226/4076359.pdf application/pdf 1261366 no Department of Biology, Lund University 2013 eng Brownification freshwater water color dissolved organic matter (DOM) iron (Fe) decreasing acidification climate change Ecology (including Biodiversity Conservation) 978-91-7473-683-0 4076293 126 2013-11-01T09:30:00+01:00 81763278-b990-4b8f-ba60-c7fb8e36714f 2016-04-04T12:07:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:07:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4eaa1cc9-c28d-4079-8c98-3608be3946da 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Sal B, Fysiska institutionen, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Marie Wegdén author 6274b9a3-36cb-4112-b71c-2e360ec6ef7e Per Kristiansson supervisor 06afdcc4-246f-4767-9347-18be90992fa1 Dr Christopher Ryan opponent CSIRO Division of Exploration and Mining, School of Geosciences, Monash University, Australia Nuclear physics v1000629 department In nuclear microprobe experiments, high resolution maps of the measured parameter, e.g. element- or mass distribution, in a sample can be produced with a variety of ion beam analytical techniques. The principle underlying all the techniques is that ions at MeV energies are used as projectiles to cause interactions with the target material. Because of the limited range of ions in matter, there is a maximum analytical depth for every sample. This means that either the samples must be restricted to micrometre thickness, or that information can be obtained from only the outer few micrometres of a thick sample.<br/><br> <br/><br> For samples with complex structure, standard, two-dimensional maps do not always deliver full and satisfactory information. Then the possibility of three-dimensional analysis can offer valuable additional information. This work focuses on techniques for obtaining depth profiles and three-dimensional information, both of element distribution and mass distribution, mainly in geological samples.<br/><br> <br/><br> A method for depth profiling of hydrogen, with the elastic proton-proton scattering ?technique? is described. Due to the detection of protons in coincidence at certain angles, the method is highly specific for hydrogen and offers sensitivity in the ppm region. This makes the method especially suited for the analysis of hydrogen in anhydrous minerals, which contain ppm levels of hydrogen in the bulk, and are difficult to analyse due to the care one has to take not to damage or alterate the sample due to the volatility of hydrogen. The depth profiling capacity of the method is used to study the bulk hydrogen content away from the influence of the ever present surface contamination. Also for the study of zonations in minerals the method is of great importance and benefit.<br/><br> <br/><br> The second part of the work describes the development of a system for microtomography at the Lund nuclear microprobe. This system is dedicated to the analysis of microscopic samples with complex structures, and can provide information of the mass distribution via scanning transmission ion microscopy technique (STIM) and is well suited for future particle-induced X-ray emisson (PIXE) tomography for qualitative and/or quantitative imaging of the element distribution. Tomographic experiments have been performed on test samples, to determine and optimise experimental parameters and test the reconstruction technique on real experimental data. Also, the tomography system has been used in a study of the porosity in the clay material bentonite. Here it is demonstrated that, in a combination, PIXE, hydrogen analysis and microtomography with the STIM technique, can provide unique information on the internal structure and element distribution in a microscopic sample. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Inom jonstråleanalysen används en partikelstråle, vanligtvis av protoner eller alfapartiklar, med hög energi för undersökning av prov. Då dessa partiklar skjuts in i provet sker kollisioner, reaktioner eller annan form av växelverkan med elektroner och kärnor i provets inre. En del av dessa processer ger upphov till högenergetisk strålning som kan studeras med lämpliga detektorer. Ur den information som fångas med detektorerna kan slutsatser dras om provets sammansättning, massfördelning eller koncentrationen av olika grundämnen. Om partikelstrålen fokuseras ner till en storlek runt en tusendels millimeter och flyttas över provet, så att endast en liten area analyseras i taget, kan informationen användas till att skapa kartor över provet. Dessa tvådimensionella kartor har dock den svagheten att de visar den sammanlagda informationen över hela provets tjocklek (eller i vissa fall från provets yta ner till ett visst djup) överlagrat i samma karta, på samma sätt som röntgenbilder inom medicinen. Sådana kartor är svåra att tolka och det är omöjligt att urskilja t.ex. om ett visst grundämne är jämnt fördelat eller om det är speciellt ansamlat på ett specifikt djup i provet. Då kan analysmetoder som möjliggör tredimensionell avbildning vara ett intressant alternativ.<br/><br> <br/><br> Detta arbete handlar om just utveckling av metoder för att utvinna tredimensionell information ur ett prov. Två helt olika metoder presenteras: en för analys av vätehalten i geologiska prov och en annan för studier av massfördelningen med hjälp av mikrotomografi. Alla experiment har utförts vid Lunds Nukleära Mikrosond, som är ett instrument bestående av en 3 MV Van de Graaff accelerator med tillhörande strålrör med optik för strålfokusering, samt experimentkammare, detektorer och datainsamlingssystem.<br/><br> <br/><br> Väteanalysen utförs med s.k. proton-protonspridning. En proton skjuts in i ett prov där den kolliderar med en vätekärna (som även den är en proton) och båda dessa sprids ut ur provet och detekteras parvis samtidigt i en specialanpassad tvådelad detektor. Metoden är helt specifik för väte, för om den infallande protonen skulle träffa på en annan kärna än just en vätekärna, så nås detektorn inte av två samtidiga protoner. Metoden har hög känslighet och kan detektera mycket låga koncentrationer av väte, ända ner till ppm-området. Dessutom kan informationen användas för att diskriminera vätekontaminering på provytan från vätekoncentrationen inne i provet.<br/><br> <br/><br> När vi i vardagslag talar om tomografi, menar vi ofta s.k. skiktröntgen inom medicinen, som används t.ex. vid diagnostik eller för att studera hur människokroppen ser ut inuti. I detta arbete beskrivs design, utveckling och uppbyggnad av ett flexibelt system för jonstråletomografi av mikroskopiska prover. Valet av rekonstruktionsteknik, för att komma åt tredimensionell information från projektionsdata (tvådimensionell information) tagen i många olika vinklar, föll på filtrerad bakåtprojektion, eftersom det är en enkel och snabb metod. Denna metod demonstreras på såväl simulerade som experimentella data över massfördelningen i olika typer av prov.<br/><br> <br/><br> Slutligen har jag kombinerat väteanalys med tomografi för att studera porositeten i bentonitlera, som ska användas som stötdämpare och barriär då kopparkapslar med uttjänt bränsle från de svenska kärnkraftverken ska slutförvaras i berggrunden enligt förslag KBS-3 (KärnBränsleSäkerhet). Den tredimensionella information som tomografin bidrar med, samt kombinationen av flera jonstrålebaserade mätmetoder, har visat sig vara värdefull i undersökningen av bentonits inre porösa struktur. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4eaa1cc9-c28d-4079-8c98-3608be3946da https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5934085/599032.pdf application/pdf 6727776 no Division of Nuclear Physics Department of Physics Lund University Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden 2007 eng Hydrogen analysis Depth profiling Ion beam analysis Nuclear microprobe Physics Nuclear physics Fysik Fysicumarkivet A:2007:Wegdén Kärnfysik Tomography 3D Imaging Subatomic Physics 978-91-628-7267-0 599031 65 2007-10-26T13:15:00+02:00 <div class="article_info">Marie Wegdén. <span class="article_issue_date">2004</span>. <span class="article_title">Hydrogen analysis by p-p scattering in geological material</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 219-220</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 550-554</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">Marie Wegdén. <span class="article_issue_date">2005</span>. <span class="article_title">Hydrogen depth profiling by p-p scattering in nominally anhydrous minerals</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 231</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 524-529</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">Marie Wegdén. <span class="article_issue_date">2006</span>. <span class="article_title">Development of a microtomography system at the Lund sub-micron beamline</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 249</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 756-759</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">Marie Wegdén. <span class="article_issue_date">2007</span>. <span class="article_title">A feasibility study on the use of focused ion beams for porosity characterisation in bentonite clay</span> (submitted)</div> The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Technology) (011013007) 4eaa1cc9-c28d-4079-8c98-3608be3946da 2016-04-04T12:07:46+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:07:46+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4341da7f-6692-404c-bde0-6e103fab07ee 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Mikkel Brydegaard author af717bee-c61a-4e0d-bc44-cccee74276ef Sune Svanberg supervisor 6c4fbfa4-9292-434b-b63d-9dcd5771412a professor Ludger Wöste opponent Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Atomic Physics v1000622 department The present thesis describes a number of aspects of modern electro-optical measurement technology also known as bio-photonics; this includes instrumentation, applications, sample interaction and data interpretation. The methods employed operate over several domains, and light measurements are discretized both in intensity, space, angle, time, polarization and energy. Mainly the spectral domain is investigated over two orders of magnitude from deep ultraviolet to thermal infrared, and mainly broad spectral features in solid and liquid samples are studied. The intensity employed ranges from microwatts to megawatts, time processes are studied between hundred picoseconds to weeks and measurement are carried out from the micrometer scale and up to hundreds of meters. An important aspect of this thesis is the development of realistic instrumentation with the intention that research should benefit the supporting society; this is a key point for the success of academic research in the developing world but also goes hand-in-hand with innovation, commercialization and entrepreneurship in Scandinavia. For this reason the thesis also encompasses a number of patent applications filed during the thesis work. Most of these realistic setups are based on spectroscopy using inexpensive light emitting diodes. Their application for medical diagnosis has been demonstrated with fiber sensors in the context of oncology, and microscopy in relation to parasitology. The thesis also covers optical diagnostics of animal populations of different species on the habitat scale; these studies are pursued by the use of laser radar (lidar) or telescopes. In these areas novel approaches for remotely classifying marked or unmarked flying animals open for the investigation of a new type of questions in field entomology and ornithology. In optical applications for medicine as well as ecology the understanding of the light interaction with complex biological tissue types is essential. Several aspects of such interaction are treated in the thesis. The complex optical interrogation together with the broad and overlapping spectral features in solid samples implies that an empirical approach of data evaluation and computer learning is often more valuable than forward modeling of expected signals. An ongoing theme throughout this thesis is data reduction and chemometrical evaluation. Here discrete light measurements and linear algebra form the basis for advanced statistical evaluation. This applies to the spectral domain where redundancy can be removed, but also topics such as dynamical processes and texture analysis are approached in the temporal and spatial domains, respectively. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Optoelektronik genomgår för närvarande en otrolig utveckling, inte minst på grund av de senaste årtiondenas kommersialisering och utveckling av hemelektronik som kompaktdiskar och digitalkameror. Denna utveckling har drivit en blomstrande global tillväxt för optoelektroniska företag som varje år utvidgar sina erbjudanden av optiska komponenter i hård konkurrens. Utvecklingen innebär också att det finns en stor potential för skräddarsydda specialsystem för inspektion, kvalitetskontroll och övervakning, vilka kan ersätta manuell kvalitetsinspektion, och ge mycket mer konsistenta och kvantitativa resultat. Dessutom erbjuder optisk mätteknik lösningar som ligger utanför den mänskliga synens begränsningar. Till exempel kan man använda mikroskop, teleskop och satellitövervakning för att studera fenomen som är för små, för långt bort eller för stora för det mänskliga ögat. Det finns också fenomen som sker alltför snabbt för att vi ska kunna uppfatta dem; dock kan pulsade lasrar upplösa fenomen, som inträffar på mindre än en miljarddel av en sekund. Andra situationer kräver observationer över lång tid, och här kan outtröttlig datorstyrd övervakning registrera optiska signaler över veckor och år. Den mänskliga synen är också begränsad vad gäller antalet färger hos ljuset som vi kan se skillnad på, och mycket information om vår omgivning ligger utanför det område vi kallar synligt ljus. I motsats till de tre våglängdsband den mänskliga synen kan uppfatta är optoelektronik känslig från djupt ultraviolett ljus till termisk infraröd strålning, och spektrometrar och multispektrala bildsystem med tusentals våglängdsband kan idag köpas eller byggas av amatörer. I modern optisk mätteknik kvantifieras ljusets intensitet, våglängd, ursprung och detektionstidpunkt i siffror på datorer. Detta kan på kort tid generera enorma mängder information. För en väl tillrättalagd optisk analysmetod har ljusets ursprungliga egenskaper påverkats av provets kvalitet eller sammansättning. Detta kan till exempel avspegla den kemiska sammansättningen eller provets mikrostruktur. Informationen som erhålls kan vara mångdimensionell och svåröverskådlig för den mänskliga hjärnan. Det finns dock systematiska tillvägagångssätt för tolkning av sådana stora dataset, till exempel så kallade kemometriska metoder som bygger på linjär algebra, matrisformulering och avancerad statistik. Utvärderingen görs ofta med hjälp av datorprogram som tränas med expertsvar från t.ex. en läkare eller ekolog. Dagens datorkraft innebär att analysen utförs direkt, och tillsammans ger optisk mätteknik och datorutvärdering möjligheten att omedelbart utnjyttja data. Detta är värdefullt, t.ex. inom medicinsk diagnostik. Andra egenskaper som kännetecknar optisk mätteknik är att den är icke-invasiv, d.v.s. att den stör provet minimalt, och att diagnostiken kan upprepas om och om igen över långa tidsperioder.<br/><br> <br/><br> I denna avhandling belyses främst aspekter hos fasta eller flytande prov, som kännetecknas av att ha bredbandig spektral information. Exempel på användning finns inom medicinen där förslag på förbättrad cancerdiagnostik av vävnader ges. Detta åstadkoms typiskt med utveckling av fiberoptiska metoder i kontakt med provet. Det ges även föreslag till hur infärgningsfri malariadetektion i blodprov kan erhållas med enkla medel och ombyggnad av traditionella mikoskop. På större skala ges exempel på tillämpningar för analys av luftvolymer med avseende på insekter och fåglar. Elektrooptiska tillvägagångssätt med teleskop möjliggör kvantitativ icke-invasiv analys av insekters beteende på habitatnivå. Genom att märka individer med fluorescerande pulver kan till exempel spridning och levnadslängd uppskattas. Laser-radar eller lidar kan till skillnad från traditionell radar ge färginformation. I denna avhandling visas hur detta kan användas för klassifikation av nattmigrerande fåglar som flyger på hög höjd. Detta har stora implikationer för biologernas möjligheter att studera migrationsmönster hos enskilda arter, något som är av centralt intresse för migrationsforskning. Fåglar och insekter kan flyga långa sträckor och kan transportera parasiter, virus, frön eller pollen mellan olika kontinener. Förbättrade övervakningsmöjligheter kan föröka förståelsen av sjukdomspridning för människor och boskap. Gemensamt för optisk mätteknik inom medicin och ekologi är att det grundläggande samspelet mellan ljus och biologisk vävnad är detsamma eller liknande. En central punkt i denna avhandling är därför att beskriva olika aspekter av denna interaktion, som i sin tur ger upphov till olikheter i de optiska signalerna. En annan central aspekt i avhandlingen är realistisk instrumentering. Detta innebär att man med små medel och klokt utformad design kan åstadkomma tekniker som kan användas i verkligheten och gynna lokalsamhället genom t.ex. tillämpninger av teknikerna inom hälsa eller lantbruk. Detta är väsentligt både inom innovation och entreprenörskap, men även för att motivera vetenskaplig aktivitet och få uppbackning och stöd från befolkningen, inte minst i utvecklingsländer. Ljusdioder och teleskop för amatörastronomi är två exempel på utrustning som uttnyttas för realistik intrumentering i denna avhandling. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4341da7f-6692-404c-bde0-6e103fab07ee https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5955846/3050631.pdf application/pdf 30975654 no Tryckeriet i E-huset, Lunds universitet 2012 eng Fluorescence Spectroscopy Optical diagnostics Electro-optics Applied spectroscopy Multispectral imaging Optical spectroscopy LIDAR Remote sensing Environmental monitoring Chemometrics Fysicumarkivet A:2012:Brydegaard Sörensen Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7473-353-2 3050595 LRAP-462 364 2012-10-05T10:15:00+02:00 4341da7f-6692-404c-bde0-6e103fab07ee 2016-04-04T12:13:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:13:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9e0be0a2-45cd-4340-bda2-1a7e679a57d3 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Department of Physics, LU 1 Filip Lindau author 0913da91-a321-4753-9bca-2b71daa94c1f Claes-Göran Wahlström supervisor 0261f094-5481-4fc7-a595-b9130049784a Dr Dino Jaroszynski opponent Univ. of Stratchlyde, Glasgow, UK Atomic Physics v1000622 department This thesis describes experimental studies of laser-driven particle acceleration.<br/><br> With the focused intensity of today’s high-power lasers exceeding 10^18 W/cm2,extremely high-gradient accelerators are possible. A number of experiments<br/><br> have been performed using two different laser systems, the Lund multi-TW laser and the Vulcan laser at CLF/RAL, UK, to study aspects ranging from laser system optimization and acceleration physics to detection and analysis methods.<br/><br> In one series of experiments, electrons were accelerated in underdense plasmas. As an intense laser pulse propagates in the plasma, a large-amplitude<br/><br> plasma wave is driven up in its wake. The longitudinal electric field in this wake can exceed 100GV/m. Relativistic electrons, injected from the background<br/><br> plasma, surf on the wave. By carefully controlling acceleration conditions, such as plasma density, laser pulse duration and focusing, short bursts of ~ 100MeV<br/><br> electrons with a small energy spread) were generated. Details of the acceleration mechanism were elucidated by studying the dependence of the electron beam on laser and plasma properties. It was found that for a range of<br/><br> plasma density–laser intensity combinations, quasi-mono-energetic beams are reliably produced. Using linearly polarized laser radiation, the spatial profile of<br/><br> the electrons acquires an elliptical shape that can be controlled by the direction of the laser polarization. This implies that there is a direct interaction between<br/><br> the laser pulse and the bunch of accelerated electrons, and that the electrons are originating from the small region occupied by the laser. It was also found<br/><br> that the contrast of the laser has a significant impact on the stability of the electron beam.<br/><br> In a second series of experiments, protons and other ions were accelerated from solid foil targets, a few μm thick, irradiated by a high-power laser. Since the protons are not relativistic, a stationary potential is needed to accelerate them. This was accomplished by allowing electrons, heated by the laser, to establish an electrostatic sheath on the back surface of the target foil. The strength of this field amounts to TV/m, accelerating protons to MeV energies over a very short distance. The laser contrast was again found to be an important parameter in the acceleration. The pedestal of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) preceding the main pulse launches a shock wave into the target that could potentially destroy the back surface. However, by ontrolling the level and duration of the ASE, a regime in which the back surface is plastically deformed by the shock wave can be established, leading to an energy-dependent deflection of the proton beam. Using a plasma mirror to improve the contrast further, targets as thin as 20nm were used for proton acceleration. The conversion<br/><br> efficiency and maximum proton energy were found to increase significantly for these thin targets. In another experiment, the scaling of the maximum proton<br/><br> energy was studied at extreme laser intensities. The maximum energy was found to have a square root dependence on the laser intensity, but with a much lower energy than predicted by previous 1D plasma expansion models. Heating<br/><br> the target removes the protons and leads to efficient acceleration of heavier ions. Properties of these accelerated ions, such as charge state, energy, etc.,<br/><br> were experimentally characterized.<br/><br> While not strictly a particle acceleration experiment, the final section of this thesis concerns a soft X-ray laser generated by transient excitation of ions in<br/><br> a laser-produced plasma. A technique called GRIP was employed to efficiently transfer energy to the desired ion charge state. The process involves setting up a<br/><br> smooth plasma gradient with one pulse, and pumping the plasma to population inversion with another pulse, impinging on the plasma at a grazing angle of<br/><br> incidence. The output energy of the soft X-ray laser was optimized with respect to a number of parameters. The details of high repetition rate operation of this<br/><br> laser were also studied, and the importance of the pointing stability of the driving lasers was established. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9e0be0a2-45cd-4340-bda2-1a7e679a57d3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5967713/1214427.pdf application/pdf 31541970 no Division of Atomic Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University 2007 eng Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 0281-2762 978-91-628-7167-3 790649 LRAP-378 211 2007-06-01T10:15:00+02:00 9e0be0a2-45cd-4340-bda2-1a7e679a57d3 2016-04-04T12:16:26+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:16:26+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fa31c0a0-e8ac-4a78-ab99-5e9382e30fe9 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room B, V-building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund Institute of Technology 1 Helen Åhnberg author deedd066-2c31-4e0a-a482-a65d844c11d6 Jan Hartlén supervisor Prof. Håkan Stille opponent KTH, Stockholm Building Science v1000227 department Stabilisation of soft soils by deep mixing with binders is the most frequently used method of ground improvement in Sweden today, and is increasingly being used internationally. The most common binders employed are cement and lime, but a variety of other binders may also be used for stabilisation of soils. For further development of the deep mixing method, there is a need for more extensive research on the undrained and drained strength properties and behaviour of soils stabilised with various types of binders. The overall objective of the study presented in this thesis was to improve the understanding of some of the important aspects of the strength behaviour of stabilised soils. For this purpose, a series of laboratory tests was performed on four soils stabilised with different types of binders. The soils included two types of clay and two types of organic soil. Cement, lime, blastfurnace slag and fly ash in different combinations, alone and together with a number of admixtures, were used as binders.<br/><br> <br/><br> The laboratory testing was focused on the strength properties. However, a number of other basic properties of importance for the understanding of the strength behaviour of stabilised soils were also investigated, such as the density, water content, degree of saturation, permeability and the compression properties. Unconfined compression tests and triaxial tests were used to investigate the strength of the various samples stabilised in the laboratory. The unconfined compressive tests were performed mainly in order to study the effects of different binders on the increase in strength with time after stabilisation. The triaxial tests, conducted both as drained and undrained tests, were performed mainly to study the strength behaviour under various drainage and stress conditions. The influence of different testing procedures, such as different back pressure and rate of strain, was also studied. Both active and passive undrained triaxial tests were performed in order to investigate the strength anisotropy of the stabilised soils.<br/><br> <br/><br> The results provided illustrative examples of the effects of different binders on the increase in strength of stabilised soils, which may be linked to the chemical reactions taking place after mixing. In addition to the composition of the soil and the binder, a number of other factors also affect the strength of stabilised soil. The results show that the drainage conditions and the stresses acting on stabilised soil may have a considerable influence on the measured strength. A stress dependence of the undrained strength as well as the drained strength is evident from the test results. A quasi-preconsolidation pressure, which is governed not only by the stresses applied to the stabilised soil, but also by the cementation taking place during curing, is shown to influence the strength behaviour. An improved strength model is proposed that describes the strength behaviour in the same stress plane commonly used for natural unstabilised soils.<br/><br> <br/><br> It was concluded that although the type of binder may strongly affect the rate of strength increase and the final strength, the general strength behaviour is the same for soils stabilised by the most common binders. The strength and deformation properties of stabilised soils are similar to those of cemented and overconsolidated natural soils. The same set of parameters used to describe the strength of natural soils can also be used for stabilised soils. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fa31c0a0-e8ac-4a78-ab99-5e9382e30fe9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/178157620/web1020_2.pdf application/pdf 12412251 no Avd. för Byggnadsmekanik / Department of Construction Sciences, LTH 2006 eng Materiallära Material technology Hållfasthet Geoteknik Stabiliserad jord materialteknik Building Technologies 978-91-628-6790-4 546661 197 2006-05-11T10:15:00+02:00 fa31c0a0-e8ac-4a78-ab99-5e9382e30fe9 2016-04-04T12:16:38+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:16:38+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:70e8e70f-68f3-4bdf-b797-58c0a051ce21 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg Lecture Hall at the Department of Physics, Lund University 1 Olesia Snezhkova author 249fb5b2-76bf-416e-925b-3e9d4f0f8048 Joachim Schnadt supervisor 93143dbf-dd26-4bf0-98e6-bea0c9854d5c Professor Nadine Witkowski opponent Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department The work presented in this thesis addresses the investigation of the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of late transition metal complexes supported on various surfaces. The research is aimed at studying the interaction between the molecules and the support, together with the intermolecular interaction. This knowledge is essential e.g. for the development of organic molecule-based devices and the creation of active and stable catalysts.<br/><br> <br/><br> In this work, the modification of the electronic states of the iron phthalocyanine (FePc) complex induced by a Cu(111) surface was extensively investigated. These studies were motivated by the role that phthalocyanines play in charge injection devices and molecular electronics. The analysis revealed a non-isotropic charge transfer from the surface, which arises from the rehybridisation of molecular and metal electronic states and results in the breaking of the perfect fourfold symmetry of the molecule. In addition, I demonstrate a surface-driven thermal modification of the electronic and structural properties of the phthalocyanine molecules when deposited on Cu(111) support. This knowledge is essential because a thermal evaporation of adsorbates is the most common preparation technique for the creation of molecular monolayers. This technique is widely used for commercial purposes such as the creation of molecular switches and data storage devices.<br/><br> <br/><br> The FePc molecule is also quite unique due to the similarity of its structural and magnetic properties to that of the reactive site in haemoproteine, a molecule known to perform the activation, storage, and transport of molecular oxygen. Therefore, I also investigated FePc as a synthetic model of the iron porphyrine in the haem reactive site. This investigation revealed that despite its structural similarity to haem, the molecule interacts with molecular oxygen only as a result of the stronger electronic coupling of the FePc molecules to the surface. These studies can help to obtain a better understanding of mechanisms of the haem-oxygen interaction.<br/><br> <br/><br> Motivated by the success in the development and mass production of green and affordable surface-supported transition metal complex catalysts, this thesis incorporates the full characterisation of two new N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes anchored to a silica surface. The study is aimed at providing a comprehensive knowledge about stability, surface orientation, and catalytic activity of late transition metal complexes at surfaces for heterogeneous catalysis, as opposed to the more commonly used homogeneous catalysis in inorganic chemistry.<br/><br> <br/><br> In summary, the strength of this thesis lies in the provision of a comprehensive overview of the interaction and surface-driven modifications of supported transition metal complexes on various surfaces and new insight into the magnetic and electronic properties of single molecules, monolayer, and multilayers. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> In our current world, the exponential growth in demand for smaller and faster devices leads to the fact that we will eventually face the problem that traditional semiconductor technologies will reach their limitation in terms of size and speed. Humanity's consciousness to tackle the global ecological issues in the next decade, will demand the substitution of all non-reusable and thus polluting industrial catalysts to environmentally-friendly and reusable ones. These problems can only be resolved from targeted science programmes, aimed at addressing the sustainable and environmentally friendly development of our society. The development of molecule-based technology represents a potential contribution to this ecological vision. <br/><br> <br/><br> The field of molecule-based technology has developed in parallel with nanotechnology over the past decades. However, these systems can offer their own unique functional properties for prospective applications, compared to more traditional, hard condensed matter-based nanotechnologies. This is due to the small size, low cost, and structural perfection that molecules have to offer. The essence of their properties goes beyond classical physics, due to their quantum nature. This fact makes molecule systems as equally fascinating from a physics prospective as they are for their potential use in new device industries.<br/><br> <br/><br> In the scope of this thesis, I investigate the properties of supported transition metal complexes. What are transition metals and what makes them so special? Most of the elements only use valence electrons - i.e., electrons that participate in the creation of chemical bonds, from their outer electron orbitals to form bonds with other elements. Transition metals use the two outermost orbitals and, thus, have more valence electrons. This allows them to create bonds with many elements in a variety of shapes. All transition metals form stable compounds and depending on the amount of remaining valence electrons and their distribution in the outer orbitals can have different properties. The amount of borrowed or taken electrons by transition metal defines its unique properties, and is called oxidation number or oxidation state. Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states and knowing the oxidation state of the transition metal helps to determine the ability of the compound to react (exchange electrons and create bonds) with other species.<br/><br> <br/><br> Transition elements tend to form complexes, i.e. molecules in which a group of atoms cluster around a single metal atom. The complexes discussed in this thesis contain organic parts that create a framework around the transition metal atom, which looses some electron density to this framework to become an ion species. Organic refers a carbon-containing compound, where carbon atoms in the form of rings or long chains can be attached to other atoms, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The organic part of the molecule determines the amount of the given or obtained electrons and thus defines the electron properties of the compound. The most active part is the transition metal ion, which often - although not always - is responsible for all the interesting interactions with surrounding matter.<br/><br> <br/><br> By varying the chemical environment of transition metal complexes, e.g. by placing them on different surfaces or adding different molecules, such as atmospheric gases or industrial products, one can change the density and distribution of the valence electrons in the metal centre of the molecule. In other words, the original properties of the complex and the electronic and magnetic properties of the complex are modified. The realisation that the electronic and magnetic properties of the transition metal organic compound can be tailored selectively has created a large diversity of possibile applications of these complexes. These include the creation of data storage devices, replacement of traditional semiconductor electronics, computer applications, gas sensing systems, as well as other applications. <br/><br> <br/><br> One of the transition metal complexes which still holds attention of many scientists and engineers since its discovery almost 100 years ago is the phthalocyanine compound. The structure of this molecule is chemically very stable, such that many substitute species with unique properties can be synthesised. Phthalocyanines have been the focus of active research owing to their biological tolerance, semiconducting properties, possibility of manipulation of the electronic and magnetic properties, and due to their high light absorptivity. In view of the high demand of this compound in many different fields a knowledge of phthalocyanines' thermal, electronic, and magnetic properties is essential.<br/><br> <br/><br> In this work the iron phthalocyanine (FePc) compound has been deposited on different surfaces as a model system to investigate the application of metal phthalocyanine molecules in electronic devices. This has been performed to study how the electronic and chemical properties can be tuned by depositing them on different types of supporting material. <br/><br> <br/><br> In my work I show that the FePc molecule may take different electron densities from the surface depending on the support. This electron density can be unevenly distributed in the molecule and is also accompanied by a distortion away from its perfectly planar molecular structure. In this molecular distortion, two opposing parts of the molecule curve slightly upwards, while the other orthogonal parts bend slightly downwards toward the surface, in a so called symmetry reduction or symmetry breaking configuration. In my work the spectroscopic fingerprint of this effect has been demonstrated for the first time. The presence of a slightly higher electron density at one atom of the molecule decreases the energy required to remove an electron from the deeper orbitals of the atom, which is known as its binding energy. The presence of different amount of electron density on different atoms leads to the creation of several different binding energies and, consequently, the identification of a broader overall spectral line for the molecule.<br/><br> <br/><br> In addition, the response to heating of the FePc molecules on the surface was also investigated. These studies were motivated by the preparation of molecular optoelectronic devices, where the evaporation of unwanted additional layers of molecules has been observed previously. Therefore, it is important to know how temperature influences the properties of the remaining single layer of molecules. My research shows that the increase of the temperature of the surface to the evaporation temperatures of FePc leads to irreversible processes during which most of the molecules merge together. There is also some evidence that indicates that the molecules shorten the bond distance with the surface after this heat treatment process.<br/><br> <br/><br> In this work FePc molecules are investigated not only from the scope of application in molecular electronics, but also from the perspective of gaining additional fundamental knowledge. The structural and electronic properties of the FePc molecules are very similar to that in active part of haem, the protein in the blood of all vertebrates responsible for activating, storage, and transfer of molecular oxygen. In this research, the FePc molecule is considered to mimic the active properties of haem. During my experiments I observed that the reactivity of the compound with respect to molecular oxygen changes depending on the nature of the surface the molecules are adsorbed on. My investigations can potentially help to create a better understanding of the mechanism of the biologically important haem-oxygen interaction.<br/><br> <br/><br> The final part of this thesis is aimed at understanding the role of transition metal complexes in catalysis, a work of huge importance to both industry and ecology. Catalysts function by speeding up selected chemical reactions and thus lead to the increased production of a desired product. Catalysts function by either triggering reactions, or by making reactions occur at faster times and with less of energy consumption. Heterogenisation of transition metal catalysts studied here is advantageous for several reasons. Firstly, because they are supported on a surface, they are not consumed during a reaction. Secondly, only a small amount of the material is required to act as a catalysis. Thirdly, they are reusable and therefore cheap and ecological to use. Since supported transition metal complexes show very promising results in catalytic science, I have also investigated the properties of organometallic complexes with palladium as an active centre.<br/><br> <br/><br> The ultimate achievement of this thesis is its contribution to the understanding of the precise mechanisms of molecular manipulation, adsorption, temperature modifications, reaction sites and catalytic selectivity. The work presented here provides a solid foundation towards improvement in the development of smart design of catalytic materials and single-molecules electronic devices with better performance and lower cost. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/70e8e70f-68f3-4bdf-b797-58c0a051ce21 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5945072/8524176.pdf application/pdf 23785520 no Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Lund University 2016 eng N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy electron charge transfer iron phthalocyanine catalysis X-ray absorption spectroscopy Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7623-636-9 978-91-7623-637-6 8523913 172 2016-02-19T13:15:00+01:00 70e8e70f-68f3-4bdf-b797-58c0a051ce21 2016-04-04T12:10:39+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:10:39+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d5b8c4c9-c0df-4da7-bc79-b845558fa277 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmark lecture hall 1 Rikard Heimsten author c025c856-671e-4c41-b217-66aa5fae1a90 Torben Andersen supervisor 2a392c92-7f19-408c-b832-2be809128932 Babak Sedghi opponent European Southern Observatory Lund Observatory v1000643 department It is attractive to integrate a large deformable mirror for adaptive optics into an astronomical telescope rather than using relay optics within an auxiliary instrument. However, the resulting large deformable mirror can be expensive, particularly for extremely large telescopes. We have pursued a low-cost approach using force actuators connected to the back of the deformable mirror through suction cups. This innovative concept for attachment of force actuators does not require high mechanical tolerances.<br/><br> <br/><br> Use of inexpensive voice-coil actuators and a thin mirror leads to a poorly damped system with many structural eigenfrequencies within the desired bandwidth. A feedback signal (in addition to the one from the wavefront sensor) is introduced by electro-mechanical sensors placed at the back of the deformable mirror. Using these sensors, stiffness and damping are added to the mirror through feedback loops. <br/><br> <br/><br> We introduce a local control concept with actuator families that have predetermined force patterns. Use of actuator families reduces crosstalk between adjacent actuators and prevents excitation of a number of low-order eigenmodes. This strategy can be seen as extending Saint-Venant`s principle beyond the static case. Thus, low-order eigenmodes are only weakly excited by actuation, leading to significant cost reduction for the sensors. The suggested sensors are of the electret microphone type.<br/><br> <br/><br> We present an integrated model of our suggested deformable mirror concept, which we use to demonstrate the controllability of the proposed first experimental laboratory setup. The experimental setup encompasses a partially illuminated large deformable mirror, where some force actuators are replaced by dummy actuators. From the experiment, key features, such as local control performance, dynamic range, controllability and robustness of the deformable mirror can be evaluated. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Deformerbara speglar som används i teleskop är förhållandevis små med en diameter på 10-30 cm, med undantag av ett fåtal. Den största deformerbara spegeln som är integrerad i ett teleskop idag, har en diameter på 911 mm och återfinns i Large Binocular Telescope. I designen för E-ELT har en deformerbar spegel med en diameter på dryga 2 m inkluderats och GMT har ett antal stora deformerbara speglar som den sekundära spegeln i sin design. Behovet av forskning inom detta område är därav uppenbart.<br/><br> <br/><br> Den drivande kraften bakom stora deformerbara speglar är framförallt möjligheten att integrera spegeln i teleskopsdesignen och inte behöva använda extra optiska element. Detta argument är viktigt eftersom en del av det insamlade ljuset försvinner vid varje spegelreflektion. Effekten av att använda en stor deformerbar spegel, integrerad i teleskopsdesignen,<br/><br> blir alltså att mer av det insamlade ljuset når fram till forskningsinstrumenten.<br/><br> <br/><br> I denna avhandling presenteras arbetet med att ta fram ett koncept för en stor deformerbar spegel, vilket designmässigt är en sann teknisk utmaning. Fokus ligger inte enbart på att demonstrera ett fungerade spegelkoncept, utan också visa ett kostnadseffektivt alternativ. Det relativt billiga spegelkonceptet möjliggörs av att de mekaniska komponenterna är “okonventionella”. Kraftaktuatorerna, som används för att deformera spegeln, sätts fast på baksidan av den deformerbara spegeln genom att vakuumtryck skapas i sugkoppar. Användningen av sugkoppar gör att extra komponenter på baksidan, t.ex. magneter, inte behövs. Detta reducerar kravet på den mekaniska toleransen, vilken är kostsam.<br/><br> <br/><br> En tunn spegel som styrs av kraftaktuatorer har en mjuk struktur, d.v.s. spegeln vibrerar lätt och vibrationer blir långvariga. Dessutom är olika spegelformer svåra att uppnå, eftersom ett fåtal former är kraftigt dominerande. En jämförelse kan göras med ett papper; om ett pappersark hålls i mitten med ena handen medan den andra handen trycker på ett<br/><br> ställe, blir följden att hela pappersarket viker sig. För att motverka detta beteende hos strukturen har ett kontrollsystem tagits fram för att styra den deformerbara spegeln.<br/><br> <br/><br> Att designa ett kontrollsystem är en utmaning eftersom en deformerbar spegel har en stor mängd aktuatorer och sensorer, kan vara flera tusen. En lokal styrning har föreslagits, vilken gör systemet hanterbart. Istället för att styra varje aktuator individuellt, styrs små familjer av närliggande aktuatorer tillsammans. Energin som tillförs spegeln genom en<br/><br> aktuator sprids inte utanför familjen. Aktuatorfamiljen har bra egenskaper som utnyttjas i kontrollsystemet och konceptet ger också god stabilitet och robusthet.<br/><br> <br/><br> För att kunna designa en deformerbar spegel, är det viktigt att förstå de dynamiska egenskaperna hos en tunn spegel. Två olika betraktelsesätt har presenterats. Ett alternativ är att betrakta en spegels rörelse som vågor på vatten. Vågor kan reflekteras av kanterna och bilda stående vågor, vilket definerar vibrationsmoderna i en spegel. Alltså kan vågteori<br/><br> användas för att beskriva en spegels dynamiska beteende. Ett alternativt sätt är att betrakta en spegels rörelse utifån de ekvationer som beskriver dess utböjning. Dessa ekvationer är komplexa att lösa men det är dock möjligt. Det underlättar att betrakta en spegels utböjning som en kombination av vibrationsmoder. Ett verktyg för att lösa ekvationerna<br/><br> har presenterats, vilket även är användbart inom andra områden.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det är värt att nämna att det deformerbara spegelkonceptet som presenteras i denna avhandlig uppfattas som en “konventionell” deformerbar spegel i ett adaptivt optiskt system. De simuleringar av modellen som gjorts, visar att det framtagna spegelkonceptet fungerar lika bra som en idealiserad deformerbar spegel i de driftområden som adaptiva optiska system vanligtvis har.<br/><br> <br/><br> Slutligen, har planer för ett första experiment beskrivits och en integrerad model har används för att bekräfta experimentets möjligheter att demonstrera det framtagna konceptet för en deformerbar spegel. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d5b8c4c9-c0df-4da7-bc79-b845558fa277 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5949469/2164950.pdf application/pdf 12197574 no Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University 2011 eng Large deformable mirror - Adaptive optics - Distributed Control - Local control: actuator family - Faceplate: vibration modes - Faceplate: Dimensionless modal analysis Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 978-91-7473-167-5 2164841 133 2011-10-25T10:15:00+02:00 d5b8c4c9-c0df-4da7-bc79-b845558fa277 2016-04-04T12:11:41+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:11:41+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:eaa071aa-b9ce-4704-9c44-a9e478289fca 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hörsal 128, Stora Algatan 4, Lund, Sweden 1 Tobias Johansson author 8914255e-e4b6-466f-967b-3c84529d7ced Carl Martin Allwood supervisor ca053ff1-2ce1-46ea-9a5f-d5812c11f8eb Mats Dahl supervisor 96d871fd-33cd-4c59-9377-2152d00ccd6e Associate Professor Richard Tunney opponent School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Department of Psychology v1000681 department People can become sensitive to the general structure of different parts of the environment, often without studying that general structure directly, but through being incidentally exposed to instances that conform to the structure. When such learning proceeds unintentionally and gives rise to knowledge that is difficult to verbalize it is often referred to as implicit learning. One of the most commonly used experimental paradigms in the study of implicit learning is artificial grammar learning, in which participants are exposed to sequences that conform to a set of rules without being informed about the presence of rules. In a subsequent test phase, participants can usually distinguish between sequences that conform to and sequences that violate the rules, without being able to say much about the underlying rules. There are many different theories about the kind of knowledge representations that underlie sensitivity to general structure in artificial grammar learning, and there are also different viewpoints concerning how to measure the conscious status of the knowledge acquired in artificial grammar learning. Investigating these different theories is important, partly because it may provide an understanding of the extent to which complex learning and abstraction of structure proceeds unconsciously. <br/><br> Study I of this thesis investigated artificial grammar learning and the use of a fluency heuristic, which involves relying on the surprising ease of processing an item as a basis for making a judgment. Other studies have shown that the fluency heuristic is used in a wide variety of judgments (e.g., recognition and preference). Study I showed that participants rely on a fluency heuristic in artificial grammar learning as well, but mainly under non-analytic pro¬ces¬sing conditions when participants were encouraged to respond rapidly and thereby make global judgments about items without processing details to any large extent. This is consistent with the idea that fluency may provide a cue for indirect sensitivity to general structure.<br/><br> Study II investigated the effect of non-analytic processing on the conscious status of knowledge as assessed by confidence judgments. It was found that non-analytic processing increased the availability of conscious knowledge, consistent with the idea that part of the knowledge acquired in artificial grammar learning may be, not inherently unconscious, but of a kind that is available through a non-analytic form of introspection. One possibility is that, relative to more analytic forms of introspection, non-analytic introspection may be more sensitive to the non-focal peripheral contents of consciousness, the so called “fringe consciousness”. This could explain why the knowledge acquired in artificial grammar learning often seems intuitive, even though it is not necessarily unconscious. <br/><br> Study III investigated whether artificial grammar learning gives rise to knowledge that is independent from the surface features of the exposure material. A number of claims have been offered in the literature for such surface-independent knowledge, particularly as a result of extended exposure to regularities. The results clearly suggested that the knowledge formed under observational learning conditions in artificial grammar learning is not independent from the surface features of the exposure material. The results are consistent with a variety of computational models of artificial grammar learning that rely on surface-dependent perceptual representations. <br/><br> Finally, Study IV investigated whether the knowledge acquired in artificial grammar learning is unconscious in the sense that it may be expressed unintentionally. The results showed that, to the extent that knowledge was expressed, it was expressed intentionally. However, the low levels of performance in Study IV limit the generality of the findings. Possible reasons for the low performance are discussed in the context of different models of artificial grammar learning. <br/><br> Taken together, the studies in this thesis illuminate issues regarding both knowledge representation and the conscious status of knowledge in artificial grammar learning. In general, the studies are in line with an episodic framework according to which the general abstract structure of a domain is not automatically extracted. Instead, both learning and awareness proceeds as a function of task demands, intentions, expectations, and processing strategies. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Människor (och andra arter) har en grundläggande förmåga att anpassa sig till och lära sig hur omgivningen är strukturerad. Ofta lär vi oss struktur indirekt, utan att direkt och avsiktligt studera strukturen ifråga. Klassiska vardagsexempel på tämligen oavsiktlig strukturinlärning är språkinlärning, utveckling av musikaliska preferenser, inlärning av sociala regler, och, mer generellt, inlärning av olika typer av beteendemönster i förhållande till omgivningen. När inlärning av strukturella regelbundenheter sker oavsiktligt och ger upphov till kunskap som är svår att verbalisera så kallas det för implicit inlärning, vilket kan kontrasteras mot explicit inlärning som är avsiktlig och ger upphov till mer verbal kunskap. <br/><br> En vanlig experimentell metod för att studera implicit inlärning är artificiell grammatikinlärning. I den här metoden får deltagarna observera sekvenser av symboler som följer ett underliggande komplext regelsystem, men deltagarna får inte till en början veta att sekvenserna följer regler. Efter att ha observerat sekvenser en viss tid så får deltagarna veta att de sekvenser de har sett följer regler och att de nu ska få observera nya sekvenser, varav hälften följer reglerna och hälften bryter mot reglerna. Uppgiften är nu att klassificera vilka sekvenser som följer reglerna. Ofta kan deltagarna klassificera korrekt bättre än slumpnivå, vilket indikerar att de har lärt sig något om den underliggande strukturen i sekvenserna, men deltagarna kan oftast inte säga särskilt mycket om reglerna som styr sekvenserna. <br/><br> Det finns för närvarande många olika teorier om vilken typ av kunskap som underligger deltagarnas förmåga att klassificera strukturerade sekvenser i artificiell grammatikinlärning, och det finns också olika synsätt angående hur man bör mäta hur pass medveten deltagarnas kunskap är i de här sammanhangen. I den här avhandlingen har jag undersökt både kunskapsrepresentation och den medvetna statusen hos kunskap i samband med artificiell grammatikinlärning. Att undersöka dessa frågor utgör ett viktigt projekt, delvis eftersom det kan hjälpa till att belysa i vilken utsträckning komplex inlärning och abstraktion av struktur sker utan medvetna influenser.<br/><br> Studie I i den här avhandlingen undersökte om deltagarna förlitar sig på ”fluency” när de klassificerar sekvenser i artificiell grammatikinlärning. Att förlita sig på fluency innebär att man tar beslut beroende på hur pass smidigt man bearbetar informationen ifråga. Testsekvenser (de man klassificerar i testfasen) som följer reglerna i artificiell grammatikinlärning delar oftast mer egenskaper med träningssekvenserna (de man såg i observationsfasen) än vad testsekvenser som inte följer reglerna gör. Detta möjliggör potentiellt högre fluency för testsekvenser som följer reglerna än de som inte följer reglerna. Studie 1 manipulerade fluency på ett artificiellt sätt i testfasen genom en teknik som kallas för maskerad priming och innebär att testsekvensen ibland visas väldigt snabbt på datorskärmen innan den återigen dyker upp på skärmen mer permanent för klassificering. Resultaten visade att deltagarna förlitar sig på fluency främst när klassificeringsbesluten togs under tidspress, vilket är i linje med att använd¬andet av fluency ökas vid icke-analytiskt processande som betonar globala bedöm¬ningar av stimuli snarare än fokus på detaljer. Generellt sett visar resultaten att fluency kan utgöra en indirekt ledtråd till känslighet för struktur i sekvenser, men att användandet av fluency som en ledtråd inte är ovillkorligt. <br/><br> Studie II undersökte effekten av icke-analytiskt processande i testfasen på den medvetna statusen hos deltagarnas klassificeringsbeslut. Ett vanligt sätt att mäta den medvetna statusen hos deltagarnas klassificeringsbeslut är att be deltagarna att avge konfidensbedömningar efter varje klassificeringsbeslut. Alltså, efter varje klassificeringsbeslut (”Den här testsekvensen följer/följer inte reglerna”) så får deltagarna säga hur säkra de är på att beslutet är korrekt (”Jag är X % säker på att beslutet är korrekt”). Om deltagarna är mer säkra på sina beslut när de är korrekta än när de är inkorrekta så tyder det på att deltagarna i viss mån vet om när de har rätt och när de har fel (dock inte nödvändigtvis varför de har rätt eller fel), vilket i sin tur är en betydelse i vilken kunskap kan vara medveten. Studie II visade att icke-analytiskt processande i testfasen kan öka graden av medveten kunskap, vilket är i linje med att en del av den kunskap som införskaffas i artificiell grammatikinlärning är, inte direkt omedveten, men av ett slag som är tillgänglig via icke-analytisk introspektion. En möjlighet är att icke-analytisk introspektion är mer känsligt för de mer perifera och subtila delarna av medvetandeinnehållet när deltagarna gör sina bedömningar. Detta kan i sin tur förklara varför deltagarna ofta har svårt att verbalisera det som de lär sig i artificiell grammatikinlärning och varför man ofta anser att kunskapen är tämligen intuitiv.<br/><br> Studie III undersökte om artificiell grammatikinlärning ger upphov till kunskap som är abstrakt i bemärkelsen att kunskapen är oberoende av den perceptuella formen av inlärningsmaterialet. I en del tidigare studier har det hävdats att sådan abstrakt kunskap formas mer eller mindre automatiskt via implicit inlärning, särskilt i samband med förlängd inlärningsfas. Resultaten från Studie III visade tydligt att den kunskap som etableras via observations¬inlärning i artificiell grammatikinlärning inte är oberoende av den perceptuella formen i materialet. För¬längd inlärningsfas leder till bättre kunskap om regelbundenheterna i sekvenserna, utan att samtidigt leda till mer abstrakt kunskap. Resultaten är i linje med diverse matematiska beräkningsmodeller av artificiell grammatikinlärning, nämligen modeller som utvecklar representationer som är knutna till den perceptuella formen av inlärningsmaterialet. Andra studier visar att abstraktion över perceptuella former kan ske i viss mån i artificiell grammatikinlärning, men sådan abstraktion verkar ske tämligen avsiktligt och medvetet.<br/><br> Studie IV undersökte om artificiell grammatikinlärning ger upphov till kunskap som är omedveten i bemärkelsen att kunskapen yttrar sig utan att deltagarna har för avsikt att tillämpa kunskapen. Resultaten visade att, i den utsträckning kunskap om regelbundenheter tillämpades, så tillämpades kunskapen avsiktligt, vilket är i linje med att artificiell grammatikinlärning inte ger upphov till omedveten kunskap som är bortom deltagarnas kontroll. Det bör dock nämnas att denna slutsats begränsas av deltagarnas låga prestation i Studie IV. Olika möjligheter till den låga prestationen diskuteras i Studie IV i samband med olika modeller av artificiell grammatikinlärning.<br/><br> Sammantaget så belyser de olika studierna i den här avhandlingen frågor gällande både kunskapsrepresentation och den medvetna statusen hos kunskap i samband med artificiell grammatikinlärning. Generellt sett så är resultaten i linje med ett episodiskt synsätt på artificiell grammatikinlärning. Enligt det synsättet så sker inlärning av struktur inte automatiskt, utan är istället en kombinerad funktion av de (direkta eller indirekta) krav som uppgiften involverar, deltagarnas intentioner, förväntningar, och de strategier deltagarna använder för att bearbeta informationen ifråga. Ett sådant synsätt har potential att föra samman resultat från olika domäner (t ex minnesforskning och kategoriseringsforskning) inom ett mer enhetligt perspektiv. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/eaa071aa-b9ce-4704-9c44-a9e478289fca https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5940888/1219047.pdf application/pdf 663365 no Department of Psychology, Lund University 2008 eng abstraction awareness. non-analytic processing Artificial grammar learning fluency implicit learning Psychology 978-91-628-7563-3 1219020 144 2008-09-26T10:00:00+02:00 eaa071aa-b9ce-4704-9c44-a9e478289fca 2016-04-04T12:09:32+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:09:32+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:7a3704f6-c027-4b88-8e9b-70e4b903132b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergsalen (Lecture hall B), Department of Physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Jesper Wallentin author 873b494e-866f-4365-8a7b-2a0ca132aed5 Magnus Borgström supervisor f964e2e8-371c-4083-a42d-47c9ffe04c87 Yi Cui opponent Stanford University, USA Solid State Physics v1000623 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department In this thesis, in situ doping during growth of III-V semiconductor nanowires, primarily for photovoltaic applications, is investigated. The nanowires were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), with gold seed particles. After growth the nanowires were characterized using various techniques, including photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy and electrical measurements<br/><br> of contacted nanowires. Different III-V materials were studed, both binary materials such as InP and GaAs, and ternary materials such as GaxIn1-xP. To achieve p- and n-doping, different precursors were employed.<br/><br> The results show that successful p- and n-doping can be achieved in many materials. The in situ doping is shown to affect the nanowire growth strongly, but differently depending on the combination of material and dopant. The main effects are related to the growth rate and the crystal structure. It is shown that the n-dopant<br/><br> H2S increases the growth rate and induces wurtzite crystal structure in InP nanowires, while the p-dopant DEZn gives an unchanged growth rate with zinc blende crystal structure.<br/><br> High doping and sharp doping profiles are demonstrated with interband tunneling in Esaki tunnel diodes. Finally, in situ doping is used to create p-i-n doped InP nanowire arrays which are processed into solar cells with 13.8% efficiency. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Vi människor konsumerar en ständigt ökande mängd elektrisk energi, som till största delen produceras av ändligt tillgängliga material som kol, gas, olja och uran. Elproduktionen har många skadliga bieffekter, som till exempel utsläpp av växthusgasen koldioxid vid förbränning av kol, gas och olja. Solceller omvandlar istället solens ljus direkt till elektricitet. Processen sker helt utan utsläpp och har inga rörliga mekaniska delar som kan slitas. Råvaran, solljus, finns relativt jämnt fördelad över hela jorden och behöver inte transporteras. Tack vare dessa fördelar blir elproduktion med solceller allt populärare, och är globalt sett ungefär lika betydelsefull som vindkraft. <br/><br> I den här avhandlingen har dopning av III-V nanotrådar undersökts, med syftet att göra nanotrådsbaserade solceller. Olika sorters III-V material och dopämnen har undersökts. Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att dopa flertalet av de undersökta materialen. Med hjälp av dopningen har nanotrådsbaserade solceller med en verkningsgrad på 13.8% tillverkats. Det är den högsta rapporterade verkningsgraden för nanostrukturerade solceller, och bara lite sämre än den genomsnittliga verkningsgraden på 15% för kommersiella kiselsolceller. Eftersom nanotrådssolcellerna bara har utvecklats under några år, jämfört med flera decennier för kiselsolcellerna, så är detta ett lovande resultat.<br/><br> En solcells förmåga att omvandla solljus till elektricitet kallas för verkningsgrad. Idag baseras de flesta solceller på grundämnet kisel, vilket är samma material som är basen för elektroniken i alla datorer. Detta material ger en medelmåttig verkningsgrad för ett medelmåttigt pris. För att göra solceller ännu mer användningsbara utvecklar många forskare och företag nya sorters solceller, som är billigare eller bättre än kiselceller. De mest effektiva solcellerna görs av så kallade III-V (”tre-fem”) material, som kan ge ungefär dubbelt så mycket eleffekt som kiselceller. Tyvärr är III-V material dyra, vilket gör dessa solceller olönsamma för de flesta tillämpningar. <br/><br> Ett möjligt sätt att sänka kostnaderna är att göra III-V materialet i form av små, avlånga kristaller som kallas nanotrådar. Dessa nanotrådar är ungefär en tusendel så tjocka som ett hårstrå, vilket betyder att deras diameter är ungefär samma som ljusets våglängd. Mängden III-V material som används kan då minskas på två sätt. Dels kan man använda ett annat, billigare material som bärande substrat, dels behöver man bara täcka ungefär en tiondel av ytan. Nanotrådarna fungerar som små antenner som effektivt fångar in solljuset.<br/><br> I en solcell absorberas ljusenergin av elektroner, som tvingas i en bestämd riktning vilket skapar en elektrisk ström. För att göra detta används så kallad dopning, vilket innebär att man stoppar in kontrollerade mängder av speciella föroreningar i den annars mycket rena kristallen. Med n-dopning skapar man ett överskott av elektroner, och med p-dopning skapar man ett underskott. Kombinerar man ett p-dopat och ett n-dopat område får man en p-n övergång, som också kallas en diod. Det är i övergången mellan p-dopning och n-dopning som elektronerna tvingas i en speciell riktning, nämligen mot den n-dopade sidan. För att nanotrådarna ska fungera som solceller måste därför dessa kunna både n-dopas och p-dopas, vilket är temat för denna avhandling. <br/><br> Forskningen som beskrivs i avhandlingen visar att dopning påverkar kristallväxten på flera sätt. Vissa dopämnen ökar växthastigheten, medan vissa ändrar kristallens struktur. I de flesta fall är dock dopningen framgångsrik, på så sätt att det går att få avsedd p- eller n-dopning. Genom att kombinera p- och n-dopning i samma nanotråd skapas en p-n övergång, det vill säga en diod. När denna ansluts till en elektrisk krets med hjälp av ledande kontakter så skapas en solcell. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/7a3704f6-c027-4b88-8e9b-70e4b903132b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5940928/3327392.pdf application/pdf 2869100 no Lund University 2012 eng metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy III-V semiconductor materials nanowires doping solar cells F:2013:Wallentin Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7473-439-3 3327382 183 2013-01-18T10:15:00+01:00 7a3704f6-c027-4b88-8e9b-70e4b903132b 2016-04-04T12:09:33+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:09:33+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:08648f79-167f-4826-bcde-0241d1ac8b32 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sölvegatan 39, Lund University Faculty of Engineering, Lund 1 Laura Mendoza author 9a1cf239-5e9c-4322-8ca0-22de25976f8c Rajni Hatti-Kaul supervisor eef85695-3bee-46c5-9af0-2dabd0e36cf6 Ass. Professor Helene Maria Pinheiro opponent Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Lissabon, Portugal Biotechnology v1000653 department Fungi are a group of organisms with the ability to produce different types of enzymes in order to get access to nutrients. Among the enzymes, oxidoreductases have the ability to degrade lignocellulosic material via an oxidative mechanism, facilitating the uptake of cellulosic material, which will be metabolized using other enzymes to provide the required nutrients to the fungi. Ecologically, oxidoreductases play an essential role in the mobilization of carbon into the ecosystem. Laccase is an oxidative enzyme that has the ability to oxidize lignin using molecular oxygen, which is reduced to water. The oxidative ability of laccases is employed in a number of industrial and environmental applications including bioremediation, food technology, nanotechnology, medicine, pulp and paper industry, and cosmetology. Owing to its versatility, laccase is continuously under investigation for new applications.<br/><br> The present thesis reports on new sources of fungal laccase as well as novel laccase applications.<br/><br> Fusarium sp. BOL35 is an ascomycete fungus, isolated from the Bolivian Amazonas. It was found to produce laccase when it was cultivated to degrade benzo[a]pyrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) indicating a possible potential of laccase in the degradation of xenobiotic compounds. <br/><br> Galerina sp. HC1 was also isolated from the Bolivian Amazonas and was selected as a laccase producer. This fungus is easy to grow in submerged cultivation as well as in solid state fermentation for laccase production. Galerina sp. HC1 laccase has been shown to have a potential application in dye decolorization as well as in demethylation of lignin, which opens up the possibility to use this fungal laccase in various biotechnological applications.<br/><br> Trametes versicolor laccase has been used to decolorize textile dyes in a membrane reactor system. The enzyme is capable of catalyzing fast decolorization reactions in the presence of natural mediators. Moreover, it is able to catalyze decolorization in the presence of an immobilized mediator, opening up the possibility of recycling both the enzyme and the mediator. <br/><br> Trametes versicolor laccase has in the presence of a mediator (TEMPO) been shown to catalyze oxidation of primary alcohols on polysaccharide gel to produce the corresponding aldehydes. The oxidized Sepharose was applied for protein immobilization and was found to be as effective as the gel oxidized with periodate. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/08648f79-167f-4826-bcde-0241d1ac8b32 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5942314/1775644.pdf application/pdf 2708757 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2011 eng Fungi ligninases modification of primary alcohols modification of lignin laccase applications dye decolorization Industrial Biotechnology 978-91-89627-70-3 1775632 142 2011-02-28T13:00:00+01:00 08648f79-167f-4826-bcde-0241d1ac8b32 2016-04-04T12:09:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:09:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1dda8d84-4be6-450f-a153-362aafa47fc8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla aulan, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Skånes universitetssjukhus (SUS), Malmö 1 Marie Sydoff author b2848914-ea18-4d05-a95e-609d2933c66a Sigrid Leide Svegborn supervisor b4eef648-f6a7-471c-b7cd-75264b398fb3 Peter Bernhardt opponent Department of Radiation Physics and Department of Medical Physics and Medical Bioengineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg SE-41345, Sweden Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö v1000581 department Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö research group An essential part of the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for use in diagnostic nuclear medicine is the determination of its biokinetic properties. The uptake and turn-over of the radiopharmaceutical in the source organs is of great interest since this could determine whether the radiopharmaceutical would be suitable for clinical use or not. It is also important that the biokinetics and dosimetry of the radiopharmaceuticals is thoroughly investigated in order to determine the radiation absorbed doses to various organs and tissues and the effective dose. This is done to evaluate the radiation risks, which is one of the risks factors that have to be compared, with the benefits of their use. <br/><br> Modern imaging systems such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have limitations that complicate the accurate estimation of the activity content in source organs, and thus also the estimation of the radiation absorbed dose, to organs and tissues of the human body. As an example, the partial volume effect poses significant problems with the reliability of the activity values when imaging small volumes. Drawing regions of interest smaller than the actual structure could influence the results. With large ROIs, the activity concentration has been shown to be underestimated by 70 % for a 0.5-ml sphere and 31 % for a 20-ml sphere. With small ROIs the underestimation ranges from 66 to 16 % (Paper II).<br/><br> PET is becoming more common in radiotherapy treatment planning and also used to monitor treatment response. In these cases, as well as in planning of surgery, it is important that the volume of the structure of interest is estimated accurately. Using phantoms with fillable, hollow, plastic spheres in an active background for estimation of the volume reproducing threshold would lead to overestimation of the tumour volume. The background dependence seen when using plastic phantoms is not present when using gelatin phantoms without walls (Paper III).<br/><br> As new imaging modalities are introduced, the measurement procedures and outline of clinical studies have to be adjusted to make use of the full potential of these new techniques. Biokinetic studies have commonly been performed using planar gamma camera images and the use of the conjugate view technique. As SPECT is very common at nuclear medicine clinics today, the use of this new and supposedly more accurate technique for determination of the biokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals is a natural step in the development process. It was shown that the organ dose estimations differed significantly when using complementary SPECT/CT measurements to quantify activity in the organs (i.e. to conduct dosimetry measurements) than when using planar images alone (Paper I). <br/><br> In drug development, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has become an important tool for quantifying the content of 14C-labelled drug molecules in biological samples and to determine the pharmacokinetics of promising new drugs. PET or SPECT can be used simultaneously with AMS for analysis of the behaviour of the same compound labelled with positron (PET) or photon (SPECT) emitting radionuclides. The information acquired from the different modalities is complementary i.e. AMS gives information about the pharmacokinetic profile in blood and urine and PET and SPECT gives information about the pharmacokinetic behaviour in organs and tissues. <br/><br> The human microdosing concept is aiming to speed up drug development and reducing the costs by improved candidate selection in early drug development. In order to promote the use of AMS for analysis of biomedical samples, a fast and easily implemented sample preparation method is needed, which converts the biological samples to solid graphite. The precision of such a method, which is developed in Paper IV, is lower that earlier more time-consuming methods, but it is well suited for this type of application.<br/><br> In order to facilitate the implementation of the AMS technique closer to the clinics, the development of smaller AMS systems is a constantly ongoing process. When comparing high-voltage AMS with low-voltage AMS it is shown that the AMS instruments themselves were comparable and that low voltage AMS provides a good alternative to the larger and more expensive high-voltage tandem AMS systems (Paper V). <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Inom området diagnostisk nuklearmedicin används radioaktiva läkemedel som ges (administreras) till patienterna i syfte att diagnostisera ett antal olika sjukdomstillstånd. Då man tar fram nya radioaktiva läkemedel för användning inom diagnostisk nuklearmedicin handlar det många gånger om att uppskatta mängden av ett visst upptag av radiofarmakat i olika organ och vävnader i kroppen. Man kan då få en uppfattning om hur ämnet fördelas i kroppen och hur länge det dröjer sig kvar i olika organ och vävnader. Man studerar ämnets väg genom kroppen, den tid det tar för ämnet att tas upp eller att utsöndras, vilket kan ge värdefull information om den fortsatta användningen av detta läkemedel. Inom bilddiagnostiken vill man att kontrasten mellan sjuk och frisk vävnad ska bli hög för att lättare kunna ställa diagnos. Något som man självklart också måste ta hänsyn till är att patienten inte ska utsättas för onödigt mycket strålning från det radioaktiva ämnet. Detta kan man fastställa genom att mäta hur mycket av det radioaktiva ämnet som tagits upp i kroppens olika organ samt i blod och urin vid olika tidpunkter efter tillförseln av det radioaktiva läkemedlet. Mätningarna görs med de olika kameror som används inom diagnostiken, såsom SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) eller PET (positron emission tomography) som mäter den strålning som skickas ut från det radioaktiva ämnet som man har gett till patienten och gör om detta till en tredimensionell bild av ämnets fördelning i kroppen. För att få en korrekt uppskattning av stråldosen från det radioaktiva ämnet är det då viktigt att använda sig av metoder som ”översätter” informationen i dessa bilder till innehållet av det radioaktiva ämnet i olika organ och vävnader. <br/><br> PET och SPECT-kamerorna kan även användas för att uppskatta storleken av exempelvis cancertumörer inför eller under pågående cytostatikabehandling eller strålbehandling. En förändring av tumörstorleken kan då visa hur effektiv en behandling är. Vid planering inför strålbehandling är det mycket viktigt att kunna bestämma tumörens storlek samt läge noggrant eftersom dessa ligger till grund för beslutet om hur stor volym som skall bestrålas. Ju större volym som inkluderas runt tumören, desto mer strålning utsätts den friska vävnaden för. För att minimera risken för detta behöver man även här arbeta fram metoder som kvantifierar bilddata på ett så korrekt sätt som möjligt. <br/><br> En ”icke bildgivande” metod som fått stor spridning inom klinisk forskning när det gäller läkemedelsutveckling är acceleratorbaserad mass spektrometri (AMS) där man analyserar atominnehållet i biologiska prover. Den vanligaste tillämpningen för AMS är datering av arkeologiska och geologiska prover med hjälp av kol-14-metoden, men denna teknik kan även användas för studier av hur läkemedel fördelas, tas upp och utsöndras. Man märker läkemedelssubstansen med radioaktivt kol-14 och tillför mycket små mängder (sk. mikrodoser) av den märkta substansen till försökspersoner. Man mäter sedan innehållet av kol-14 i prover av blod och urin som samlats in vid olika tidpunkter efter att man injicerat läkemedlet. Man kan även använda de ”bildgivande” metoderna PET och SPECT för att studera fördelningen av läkemedel i organen men då måste man märka läkemedlen med andra typer av radioaktiva ämnen som går att mäta med dessa utrustningar. Fördelen med att ge mikrodoser till försökspersonerna är att man använder så små mängder av läkemedel att det är möjligt att utföra tester på människor mycket tidigare i processen än med traditionella metoder. Man har då möjlighet att korta ner tiden för utveckling av nya läkemedel genom att sortera ut dåliga läkemedelskandidater redan efter dessa tester. <br/><br> AMS är en mycket noggrann mätmetod med vilken man kan räkna enskilda atomer. Man kan dock se skillnader i resultat vid användning av olika typer av acceleratorer eller vid användning av olika metoder för att förbereda de prover som ska analyseras. Det är därför viktigt att undersöka vilka skillnader detta kan ge upphov till för att kunna göra en korrekt uppskattning av läkemedelskoncentrationen i blod och urin.<br/><br> Utvecklingen av system, både ”bildgivande” och ”icke bildgivande”, går ständigt framåt. För att kunna utnyttja den fulla potentialen av dessa system och känna sig trygg med att använda dem i kliniska studier samt vid diagnostik, krävs ett ständigt arbete och en vidareutveckling av befintliga metoder. De metoder som beskrivs i denna avhandling är ett bidrag till detta. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1dda8d84-4be6-450f-a153-362aafa47fc8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5942884/4058481.pdf application/pdf 1584151 no Lund University, dept. of Medical Radiation Physics 2013 eng Nuclear Medicine AMS PET/CT SPECT/CT dosimetry internal dosimetry quantification activity quantification volume delineation radiation biokinetics pharmacokinetics biodistribution Radiology and Medical Imaging 978-91-7473-675-5 4057774 79 2013-10-18T09:00:00+02:00 1dda8d84-4be6-450f-a153-362aafa47fc8 2016-04-04T12:10:03+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:10:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:510a9170-57a4-404d-b29d-fc040e9e6f65 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Genetikhusets föreläsningssal, Sölvegatan 29, Lund 1 Anna Edqvist author 64eecde4-3da0-4121-a96a-d877762f1488 Bengt Widegren supervisor 00093a94-8c53-4aaf-9adb-744d9c06896f Xiaolong Fan supervisor 1d3ad89c-3b64-4061-b492-be8023054cff Docent Magnus Essand opponent Uppsala Universitet Neurosurgery v1000450 department ABSTRACT<br/><br> <br/><br> Telomerase activity is a potential molecular marker for cancer and primitive cells in regenerative tissues. The most commonly used method to measure telomerase activity in cells is the telomerase reverse amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, where the protein extracts derived from homogenized cells are analysed. In this thesis we focused on developing a method where telomerase activity could be monitored and used to separating cells with high telomerase activity without killing them. We used the promoter sequence of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) for transcriptionally controlling a destabilised green fluorescence protein (d2EGFP) reporter gene since there is a strong correlation between hTERT transcriptional activity and telomerase activity in cells. Moreover, we chose to work with adenoviral vectors due to their high level of transient gene expression as a gene transfer system. Unfavourably, adenoviral vector transduction of tumour cells has been hampered by low expression of the coxsackie B and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on the host cells, which is the attachment receptor for the most commonly used adenoviral vector (Ad5). Thus, we used a fibre-modified Ad5 vector with the tropism of Ad35, which uses the ubiquitously expressed CD46 protein as attachment receptor. We transduced a variety of cell lines with the developed hTERT-d2EGFP vector and demonstrated a close correlation between expression levels of the d2EGFP, endogenous telomerase activity, and hTERT mRNA expression. Furthermore, the hTERT-d2EGFP reporter vector was able to monitor the cell cycle and differentiation stage-dependent hTERT transcription activity.<br/><br> <br/><br> Additionally, in order to study the self-renewal process of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we utilised the hTERT-reporter vector for monitoring hTERT transcription activity in human HSCs. Interestingly, increasing hTERT expression was inversely correlated to the self-renewal capacity among primitive HSCs and the hTERT-reporter vector could be used to separate short-term from long-term re-populating human HSCs. In summary, we have developed a versatile adenoviral vector system with Ad35 tropism, which can be used to transiently transduce tumour cells as well as haematopoietic cells. This vector system can be used to study normal regulation of hTERT and has potential in development of novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of tumours and malignancies in the blood system. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA<br/><br> <br/><br> Vår arvsmassa finn's lagrad som linjära dubbelsträngade DNA-molekyler, kromosomer, i våra celler. Celler i vävnader och organ förnya's ständigt genom celldelning. Kromosomerna i en cell måste replikera's för att kunna ge upphov till två nya celler. Replikeringsmaskineriet har bara förmågan att arbeta i en riktning läng's med DNA-strängarna och kräver en kort sekven's utav RNA att starta ifrån. Konsekvensen blir att i var ände av kromosomerna är det en av DNA-strängarna som inte kan replikera's till fullo och vid varje celldelning går därför en bit DNA förlorad. Den här ständiga DNA förlusten kalla's för ?änd-replikeringsproblemet? och skulle snabbt få förödande konsekvenser för cellen och vår arvsmassa. Lösningen på problemet är att varje kromosomände består av många kopior av en kort DNA-sekven's som inte utgör någon kodande information och denna sekven's kalla's för telomer. För att vår arvsmassa inte skall ta skada även om telomererna blir farligt korta avstannar celldelningsprocessen, vilket medverkar till åldrandet av vävnader och organ. Vissa celler i kroppen har förmågan till ständig celldelning, bland annat blodstamcellerna som förser kroppen med nya blodceller livet ut. För att bibehålla längden på telomererna i dessa celler uttryck's ett enzym som kalla's för telomera's, var's uppgift är att förlänga telomererna genom att addera fler kopior av den korta DNA-sekvensen till varje kromosomände. Även cancerceller som anse's ha en oändlig och okontrollerad celldelningskaraktär måste behålla telomererna's längd och uttrycker därför oftast telomera's i höga koncentrationer. Sålede's är telomera's en mycket lovande markör för att upptäcka cancerceller och är även ett eventuellt mål för cancerterapi.<br/><br> <br/><br> Huvudsyftet med avhandlingsarbetet var att utveckla adenovirala vektorer med förmågan att upptäcka uttrycket av telomera's i cancerceller. Fördelen med att använda ett vektorsytem baserat på adenoviru's är många, bland annat är det ett dubbelsträngat DNA-viru's som väldigt sällan integrera's i värdcellen's arvsmassa och kan infektera delande så väl som icke-delande celler. Vi har använt os's av en kontrollregion, en promotor, som vanligtvi's styr genuttrycket utav en huvudkomponent av telomerasenzymet. I vektorerna styr denna promotorn istället uttrycket av en reportergen var's produkt är ett grönt fluorescerande protein. Dessutom är ett ytprotein i vektorn genetiskt modifierat för att vektorn ska infektera cancerceller och blodceller effektivare via en alternativ receptor på cellytan. Detta innebär att om de celler som vanligtvi's uttrycker telomera's infektera's med vektorn kommer det gröna fluorescerande proteinet att producera's och vi kan hitta dessa celler och sortera ut dem. Med hjälp av denna vektorn har vi på cellnivå undersökt telomera's aktiviteten i cancerceller och konstaterat att uttrycket av telomera's är cellcykel- och differentiering's beroende. Den här vektorn använde vi även för att undersöka uttrycket av telomera's ho's blodstamceller. Vi kunde visa att de humana blodstamceller som har ett högt uttryck av telomera's även delvi's har förlorat sin självförnyande förmåga och blivit mer mogna. Denna vektorn ger os's potentiella möjligheter att kunna separera de mest primitiva blodstamcellerna från de mer mogna för att kunna genomföra vidare studier. Sammanfattningsvi's har vi i detta avhandlingsarbete utvecklat adenovirala vektorer som ger os's möjlighet att studera reglering av telomerasuttrycket i normala celler, cancerceller och blodstamceller. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/510a9170-57a4-404d-b29d-fc040e9e6f65 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5943420/599183.pdf application/pdf 509265 no Genetics 2007 eng cytogenetics Genetics cancer onkologi Cytologi cancerology oncology Cytology GBM HSC adenovirus hTERT Genetik cytogenetik Biological Sciences 978-91-85067-35-0 599182 61 2007-10-23T09:00:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Department of Cell and Organism Biology (Closed 2011.) (011002100), Neurosurgery (013026000) 510a9170-57a4-404d-b29d-fc040e9e6f65 2016-04-04T12:10:11+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:10:11+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cdfa087f-79cb-4bd2-af47-80ba31db797f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B at the Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Getingevägen 60, Lund 1 Solmaz Hajizadeh author 84a34cd9-140f-4e20-8476-6cbba19c84ed Bo Mattiasson supervisor 3bc458f5-7b61-431a-bb78-b8246a639d78 Aleš Podgornik opponent Center of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control (COBIK) and BIA Separations d.o.o., Slovenia. Biotechnology v1000653 department Demands for efficient, economical and fast separation and purification methods for various target molecules have led to the<br/><br> development of new techniques and materials for bioseparation processes. Separation can be carried out in both batch and<br/><br> chromatographic modes. Running the separation step in a conventional chromatographic column is more efficient than batch mode,<br/><br> but there are some limitations with this technique for direct capture of targets from complex media or applying it for purification of<br/><br> products larger than 10 nanometres. Therefore there is a need for new materials that can be used for purification of a target directly<br/><br> from particulate-containing fluids in a short time. On the other hand, packing different adsorbent particles in a column or handling<br/><br> them free in suspension might be difficult and challenging due to the high backpressure and risk of leakage, while immobilization of<br/><br> the particle adsorbents on a matrix can reduce these problems.<br/><br> Cryogels, supermacroporous hydrogels, as a class of monolithic stationary phase are a product of cryogelation technology and have<br/><br> interconnected channels in the micrometre range. Due to the porous structure, free passage of particles is possible and efficient mass<br/><br> transfer and good flow through properties are expected. These polymeric networks can be used as a robust matrix for embedding<br/><br> different types of particles and adsorbents in order to form composite cryogels. Immobilization of particles inside cryogels leads to the<br/><br> creation of greater surface area inside the matrix; thus, greater binding capacity of the gels is achieved. The combination of the porous<br/><br> structure of the matrix and selective adsorption by the adsorbents embedded in the gel form a unique composition that is suitable for<br/><br> separating a wide range of small/large target molecules. Composite cryogels can be prepared by one-step polymerization either from<br/><br> monomer/polymer solutions or particle suspensions under cryotropic conditions. Applying a particle suspension has advantages over a<br/><br> monomer solution when embedding porous adsorbents inside the network, since a polymerization solution can penetrate into the pores<br/><br> and affect the capacity of the adsorbent during the process, while particles are larger than the size of the pores and cannot block them.<br/><br> Here in this work, composite cryogels were evaluated for water/wastewater treatment and also as an affinity matrix for glycoprotein<br/><br> purification. Activated carbon, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and ion-exchange adsorbents were synthesized to form composite<br/><br> cryogels for environmental applications in this study. Capturing phenol, as a small organic compound, was evaluated with a carboncomposite<br/><br> cryogel formed from a particle suspension due to the highly porous structure of the carbon. A molecularly imprinted<br/><br> polymer technique was also used for fabrication of adsorbents based on inorganic and organic templates for selective removal of<br/><br> bromate and propranolol from aqueous/complex media, respectively. The selectivity of these adsorbents towards the target molecules<br/><br> was high even in the presence of analogue molecules. The selectivity of MIP adsorbents was evaluated with ion-exchange adsorbent for<br/><br> studying the removal of bromate.<br/><br> The possibility of forming different types of chromatography columns, such as affinity columns, by introducing proper (bio)ligands<br/><br> or functional groups on the cryogels is another feature which makes this material adaptable for different applications. By synthesizing<br/><br> composite cryogels as a form of affinity matrix, the binding capacity of the network will increase due to the higher surface area. This<br/><br> was studied in this work by preparing composite polyvinylalcohol cryogels and immobilizing concanavalin A via epoxy groups.<br/><br> Horseradish peroxidase was selected as a target and its binding/elution was studied in both batch and chromatographic systems. The<br/><br> adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the developed materials were also evaluated in this work. Improving composite cryogel materials<br/><br> with porous/non-porous adsorbents for direct capture of small/large targets from complex media can be valuable for synthesizing more<br/><br> efficient chromatographic supports with high capacity both for academic and industrial applications. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cdfa087f-79cb-4bd2-af47-80ba31db797f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5944075/3165843.pdf application/pdf 9329066 no Department of Biotechnology, Lund University 2012 eng Composite cryogel Complex media Purification Chromatography Environmental application Molecularly imprinted polymer Industrial Biotechnology 978-91-89627-89-5 3165833 138 2012-12-06T10:30:00+01:00 cdfa087f-79cb-4bd2-af47-80ba31db797f 2016-04-04T12:10:22+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:10:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a0927ce4-f6ec-48db-a661-5ef3bef168cf 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall, IKDC, Sölvegatan 26, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Nils Johansson author 8bf6e125-e545-4b57-9b06-b40947d441f7 Giorgos Nikoleris supervisor 56c2e686-48f8-4a18-8d45-c4f78bf27327 Jonas Rosén opponent KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Innovation v1000241 department Standards are used everywhere in the modern world and are a fundamental part of a functioning society. But the creation and maintenance of international standards is not an easy task. In addition to the technical prerequisites that must exist to create a standard, there are also political, economic and cultural aspects that must be considered. <br/><br> The present thesis does not interpret all these aspects in the creation and maintenance of international standards. The goal of the thesis is to assist the technical specialist who will participate in the process of creating a new global standard, with a map that describes the various steps involved in a standards life cycle, but also the interaction of the development team. <br/><br> A composite model was created based on the work described in (Söderström, 2004) supplemented with the D-S-N process described in (Fomin, 2003). The composite model was then further developed into a modelling process using Six-Sigma methodology (Brassard, 2002), with requirements for input and output conditions for each process step.<br/><br> To standardize the development process model each process step was complemented with suggested methods for the completion of each process step. <br/><br> The developed process model, LMS-Lifecycle Management of Standards, can be applied for the development of global EDI standards in the automotive industry. The model can also be generalized to describe the standardization process where the development of software is included. <br/><br> The author has been active in international standardisation groups as representative of the Swedish car industry for nine years. The elaborated model for a standardization lifecycle has been verified using the SASIG and Odette Sweden protocols from 2000-2007 and by the author's own experiences during standardization work on the global EDI standards ENGDAT V3, OFTP2 and PDQ V2. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Globala internationella standards har stort inflyttande i var nutida teknikorienterade värld. Exemplen är många: vi kan importera och exportera produkter och tjänster i de flesta andra länder, vi kan kommunicera med andra personer var de än befinner sig, vi kan även resa snabbt och effektivt.<br/><br> Men skapande och underhåll av internationella standarder är ingen enkel process. Förutom de tekniska förutsättningar som måste finnas för att skapa en standard finns även politiska, ekonomiska och kulturella aspekter som måste beaktas.<br/><br> Föreliggande avhandling gör inget anspråk för att tolka alla dessa aspekter i skapande och underhåll av internationella standarder. Målet med avhandlingen är att bistå teknikern som kommer att delta i processen för att skapa en ny global standard, med en karta som beskriver de olika steg som ingår i en standards livscykel, men även samspelet i utvecklingsgruppen.<br/><br> I avhandlingen används en modell, utvecklad i (Söderström, 2004). Modellen kompletteras med D-S-N processen som beskrivs i (Fomin, 2003). Den sammansatta modellen har sedan utvecklats till en modellprocess genom införande av krav på ingångs- och utgångsvillkor av respektive processteg i modellen med hjälp av Six-Sigma metoden (Brassard, 2002). För att standardisera även detta processarbete har respektive processteg kompletterats med förslag på metoder att använda för fullgörande av de olika processtegen. Denna processmodell har fått namnet LMS - Lifecycle Management of Standards och ska kunna appliceras för global utveckling avseende EDI standardisering inom bilindustrin. Modellen kan vidare generaliseras för standardiseringsarbete där utveckling av programvara ingår som ett verktyg för standarden.<br/><br> Författaren har varit aktiv i internationella standardiseringsgrupper som representant för svensk bilindustrin under nio år. Den framtagna modellen för en standardiseringslivscykel har verifierats dels genom att studera protokoll från SASIG och Odette Sweden åren 2000-2007 dels genom författarens egna erfarenheter från global standardisering avseende ENGDAT V3, OFTP2 och PDQ V2. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a0927ce4-f6ec-48db-a661-5ef3bef168cf https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5944623/1939987.pdf application/pdf 2193112 no Division of Machine Design, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University 2011 eng EDI SASIG ODETTE Standard ENGDAT OFTP PDQ PDM eXchange and Management of Technical Data LMS Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics 978-91-7473-137-8 1939984 120 2011-06-08T10:15:00+02:00 a0927ce4-f6ec-48db-a661-5ef3bef168cf 2016-04-04T12:10:31+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:10:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:75a9c563-6834-4cae-9356-97912085b478 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room V:C, V-building, John Erikssons väg 1, Lund Institute of Technology 1 Pontus Sjödahl author ac7c0517-cfe9-4aaf-9de9-ca5b6707632c Torleif Dahlin supervisor c6e4cd84-2443-44bb-a58a-5f19d377c025 Prof. Ugur Yaramanci opponent Technical University of Berlin, Germany Division of Engineering Geology v1000204 department Methods for monitoring seepage and detecting internal erosion are essential for the safety evaluation of embankment dams. Internal erosion is one of the major reasons for embankment dam failures, and there are several tenths of thousands of large embankment dams in the world. Internal erosion is progressing inside the dam, and is sometimes difficult to detect by conventional methods. Therefore, there is a strong need of new or improved detection methods. The resistivity method is an established method with a variety of engineering and environmental applications, but it is only occasionally tested on embankment dams. When applied for dam safety examination, the method can principally be used in two ways. Firstly, resistivity investigations at single occasions may detect spatially anomalous zones along the dam, and can be used to investigate suspected structural weaknesses. Secondly, long-term resistivity monitoring make use of the seepage-induced seasonal variation inside the embankment to detect anomalies not only in space, but also more importantly anomalies in time, by studying deviations from the time-variation pattern.<br/><br> <br/><br> Within this thesis the resistivity method has been used in practice on four Scandinavian locations, both in the form of investigation and monitoring. At Enemossen tailings dam a single investigation was carried out. At Hällby and Sädva dams an ongoing program with permanently installed monitoring systems has acquired daily data since 1996 and 2001 respectively. In addition, the method was tested under short-term monitoring conditions on a test embankment with built-in structural defects at Røssvatn. Apart from the field measurements, numerical modelling has been done in order to optimise measurements and support interpretation of the results.<br/><br> <br/><br> The experience from the field measurements demonstrates that monitoring is a more powerful approach than single investigations. The seasonal resistivity variation is evident and under favourable circumstances it may be used to evaluate the seepage. A systematic methodology has been developed for efficient monitoring and evaluation of long-term resistivity data. The monitoring instrumentation has largely proved reliable. Proper electrode installations are essential. Installing the electrodes along the top of the dam core is efficient on existing dams as it creates a current channelling effect inside the conductive dam core, which is the part of the dam with highest interest.<br/><br> <br/><br> Further development and refinement is needed to make the method more easily adaptable to the large variety of embankment dams and thereby more attractive for industrial use. Some ideas of future work are proposed. However, the efficiency of the method has been developing rapidly recently, and significant progress has been done within this thesis concerning the use of the method for dam monitoring. It is concluded that the application of the resistivity method for detection of anomalous seepage and internal erosion in embankment dams is obvious. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/75a9c563-6834-4cae-9356-97912085b478 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5949674/546337.pdf application/pdf 9334455 no Engineering Geology, Lund University 2006 eng Hydrogeologi teknisk geologi internal erosion Hydrogeology geographical and geological engineering time-lapse inversion inversion monitoring modelling resistivity detection leakage seepage teknisk geografi embankment dam Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology 978-91973406-5-6 546335 ISRN:LUTVDG/TVTG--1017-SE 86 2006-03-17T10:15:00+01:00 <div class="article_info">P. Sjödahl, B. Zhou and T. Dahlin. <span class="article_issue_date">2006</span>. <span class="article_title">2.5D Resistivity Modeling of Embankment Dams to Assess Influence from Geometry and Material Properties.</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Geophysics</span>, (accepted)</div> <div class="article_info">P. Sjödahl, T. Dahlin and S. Johansson. <span class="article_issue_date">2005</span>. <span class="article_title">Using resistivity measurements for dam safety evaluation at Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden.</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Environmental Geology</span>, <span class="journal_pages">pp 267-273</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">P. Sjödahl, T. Dahlin, S. Johansson and M.H. Loke. <span class="article_issue_date">2006</span>. <span class="article_title">Resistivity monitoring for leakage and internal erosion detection at Hällby embankment dam.</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Journal of Applied Geophysics</span>, (submitted)</div> <div class="article_info">P. Sjödahl, T. Dahlin and S. Johansson. <span class="article_issue_date">2006</span>. <span class="article_title">Using the resistivity method for leakage detection in a blind test at the Røssvatn embankment dam test facility in Norway.</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Engineering Geology</span>, (submitted)</div> <div class="article_info">P. Sjödahl, T. Dahlin and S. Johansson. <span class="article_issue_date">2006</span>. <span class="article_title">Estimating seepage flow from resistivity monitoring data at the Sädva embankment dam.</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics</span>, (submitted)</div> 75a9c563-6834-4cae-9356-97912085b478 2016-04-04T12:11:44+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:11:44+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e7dd3418-4c5e-4dc6-8682-dc697887011d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published lecture hall Pangea, Sölvegatan 12 1 Elin Sundqvist author e8eadc22-f9aa-4cef-8b67-5ac479c47546 Anders Lindroth supervisor 1473e342-664a-4de2-a7eb-af3eedcf9517 Patrick Crill supervisor Meelis Mölder supervisor 083048db-3eea-4458-a611-00dfffdadd97 professor Per Ambus opponent Technical University of Denmark Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> Forests have a positive impact on the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because they absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store carbon in the soil. Moreover, many forests function as a sink for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). The uptake of CH4 takes place in well-aerated soils through oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria. However, there is a net production of CH4 in anaerobic soils, such as submerged soils, by microorganisms, archaeans. CH4 dissolved in ground water can be taken up by trees and discharged through stems or foliage. CH4 can also be formed in green plants and emitted, which mainly occurs when plants are exposed to high UV radiation, high temperature, or if the foliage is damaged. The work in this thesis focus on the CH4 exchange in a boreal forest, at the research station Norunda, in central Sweden. The aim is to quantify the net CH4 exchange at the site and investigate what factors constitute the main control of the exchange in soil and vegetation. The impact of clear-cutting, stump harvesting and thinning on the CH4 exchange was also studied.<br/><br> Chamber measurements in undisturbed and thinned forest show that the soil is a sink of CH4. The uptake generally benefits from a large groundwater depth, low soil moisture and high temperatures. Chamber measurements on clear-cut and stump harvested plots show net emissions, which is associated with increased groundwater levels and increased soil moisture as a result of harvesting. Branch chamber measurements on shoots of spruce, pine, birch and rowan also show an uptake of CH4, which is in contrast to previous studies, mostly done in laboratories, which found net emissions from plants. Uptake by vegetation correlated with photosynthetically active radiation, which indicates a coupling to photosynthesis. Unlike our measurements on soil and vegetation, results from our micrometeorological measurements above the canopy showed net emissions from the forests to the atmosphere. These measurements represented a larger area than the chambers and differences could therefore be explained by large CH4 production in small wet areas, which exceeds the uptake in the rest of the soil. However, scaling of soil chamber measurements based on elevation data, indicate that the soil in the main study area was a sink of CH4 regardless of some minor areas with CH4 production. CH4 emissions from vegetation or transport of CH4 from surrounding source areas are other possible explanations for this discrepancy. Skogar har en positiv inverkan på halten av växthusgaser i atmosfären eftersom de binder koldioxid via fotsyntesen och lagrar kol i marken. Dessutom utgör många skogar en betydande sänka för växthusgasen metan. Upptaget av metan sker i väl syresatta marker genom oxidation utförd av metanotrofa bakterier. Däremot sker en nettoproduktion av metan i syrefattiga skogsmarker när mikroorganismer, s.k. arkéer bryter ner organiskt material. Metan löst i markvatten kan tas upp i träd och sedan avges genom stammar eller bladverk. Metan kan också bildas i gröna växter och emitteras, vilket främst sker när växter utsätts för hög UV-strålning, höga temperaturer eller skador på bladverken. Avhandlingen fokuserar på metanutbytet i ett borealt skogsområde vid forskningsstationen Norunda i mellansverige. Syftet är att genom fältmätningar kvantifiera nettoutbytet av metan i skogen och undersöka vilka faktorer som utgör den huvudsakliga kontrollen av utbytet i mark och vegetation. Effekter av slutavverkning, stubbskörd och gallring på metanutbytet studeras också. <br/><br> Kyvettmätningar på ytor i ostörd och gallrad skog visar att marken i Norunda är en sänka av metan. Metanupptaget gynnas generellt av ett stort avstånd från markytan till grundvattnet, en låg markfukt, och höga marktemperaturer. Kyvettmätningar på en slutavverkad och en stubbskördad yta visar däremot på nettoemissioner av metan från marken, vilket hänger samman med en höjd grundvattennivå och ökad markfukt till följd av avverkningen. Grenkyvettmätningar på skott av gran, tall, björk och rönn visar också på ett upptag av metan vilket står i kontrast till tidigare studier, mestadels utförda i laboratorier, som funnit nettoemissioner från växter. Upptaget i vegetationen korrelerar med det fotosyntetiskt aktiva ljuset vilket tyder på en koppling till fotosyntesen. Till skillnad från våra mätningar på mark och vegetation så visar resultat från våra mikrometerorologiska mätningar ovanför trädkronorna på nettoemissioner från skogen till atmosfären. Då dessa mätningar representerar ett större område än de ytor som kyvettmätningarna är gjorda på skulle skillnaden kunna förklaras med att metanproduktionen i små blöta områden är så hög att den dominerar upptaget i den övriga marken. En uppskalning av markmätningarna baserat på höjddata indikerar dock att marken i det centrala studieområdet är en sänka av metan trots en del mindre partier med produktion. Emissioner från vegetationen eller transport av metan från omkringliggande källområden är andra tänkbara förklaringar till skillnader mellan mätningarna. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e7dd3418-4c5e-4dc6-8682-dc697887011d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5951020/4612294.pdf application/pdf 22141781 no Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University 2014 eng chamber measurements gradient measurements clear-cut topography water table depth Physical Geography 978-91-85793-39-6 4438134 2014-06-12T10:00:00+02:00 e7dd3418-4c5e-4dc6-8682-dc697887011d 2016-04-04T12:12:04+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:12:04+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:79f03adb-5092-434c-ba55-a91a99165fde 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Högtidssalen, Zoologihuset, Helgonavägen 3, 22362 Lund 1 Rikard Frederiksen author 1f54bb29-f881-4602-a0f3-3293d55fe745 Eric Warrant supervisor 16c5d77c-87bb-421f-b352-009456cfdfec PhD Jeremy Niven opponent Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Balboa, Republic of Panama; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Biology v1000601 department Lund Vision Group v1001407 department Lund Vision Group research group Nocturnal vision is a demanding task for insects with small eyes. As it gets dimmer the noise imposed by the stochastic nature of photon arrival makes vision unreliable. Despite this, there are quite a number of animal species that are active at night and apparently see well. In this thesis I show that the compound eyes of nocturnal insects are sufficiently flexible to adapt to the particular window of intensities in which the species is active. These ommatidial adaptations for vision in nocturnal insects are found in the optics and morphology of the eye (Chapters I - III) and in the physiology of the photoreceptors (Chapters IV &amp; V). I have also discovered that the various visual adaptations that optimise sensitivity in a compound eye, and thus adapt the eye for a crepuscular or nocturnal lifestyle, do not contribute equally in different groups of insects. The crepuscular Caligo memnon has evolved large eyes with large facets but retained a reasonably high spatial and temporal resolution. In the nocturnal bee Megalopta genalis, the eyes and facets are enlarged, the rhabdoms are wide and the spatial and temporal acuity very poor compared to diurnal insects. In addition to this, M. genalis has a high gain of transduction present in its photoreceptors. The nocturnal dung beetle Onitis aygulus has refracting superposition eyes and increases optical sensitivity by possessing a wide superposition aperture. In addition, this beetle has slow photoreceptors with high gain. Thus, there are a variety of solutions to improve visual sensitivity and reliability in dim light. Exactly which solution evolved in which group most likely depends on constraints imposed by different phylogenetic histories, developmental constraints and different selection pressures due to different life styles. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/79f03adb-5092-434c-ba55-a91a99165fde https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5951807/1216373.pdf application/pdf 4876371 no Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University 2008 eng Gain of transduction Information rate Signal-to-noise ratio Apposition eye Optical sensitivity Nocturnal insects Superposition eye Vision Biological Sciences 978-91-85067-45-9 1213862 120 2008-09-26T10:00:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Department of Cell and Organism Biology (Closed 2011.) (011002100) 79f03adb-5092-434c-ba55-a91a99165fde 2016-04-04T12:12:17+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:12:17+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5be37a95-ed80-4141-ad5b-19840f8ce6fc 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published , Kemicentrum sal K:C, Lunds Tekniska Högskola 1 Jörgen Toftered author cdd71433-acf2-46f3-b39a-52ccf885b6da [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Fredrik Almqvist opponent PhD, Umeå University Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department Rigid, chiral and amphiphilic cyclophanes of potential use as biomimetic host molecules were prepared by cyclic dimerisation of chiral diamino building blocks with amino-reactive cross-linking reagents. A reliable synthesis of the scaffold 2,7-diaza-1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydropyrene was developed. Chiral bidentate building blocks were formed by acylation of the aromatic diamine 2,7-diaza-1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydropyrene with L-amino acids. 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was employed as a cross-linking reagent, stepwise nucleophilic aromatic substitution with bidentate building block gave rise to a range of macrocyclic bis-dinitrodianilines. Macrocyclic bis-ureas were formed by using substituted phenyl chloroformates as cross-linking reagents. The substitution pattern of the phenyl chloroformates was optimised the synthesis of macrocycles. This investigation favoured phenyl chloroformates substituted with electron-withdrawing groups of intermediate power. Applying the results from the investigation of phenyl chloroformate substituents, macrocyclic bis-thioureas were prepared by using substituted phenyl chlorothionoformates as cross-linking reagents. The synthesis of chiral macrocycles was further diversified by incorporating other aromatic diamines as scaffolds, namely p-xylylenediamine and bis-2,3:6,7-iminodimethylene-anthracene. Future development and application of the macrocycles was discussed with emphasis on rational design based on conformational analyses. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5be37a95-ed80-4141-ad5b-19840f8ce6fc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5953205/1472238.pdf application/pdf 7976834 no Bioorganic Chemistry, Lund University 2004 eng Macromolecular chemistry Makromolekylär kemi biomimetic cross-linking thiourea urea difluorodinitrobenzene cyclodimerisation Cyclophanes macrocycles Organic Chemistry 91-628-6341-X 467665 84 2004-12-10T13:30:00+01:00 Article: S. Bhattacharyya, J. Toftered and U.J. Nilsson;Synthesis of Rigid Polycyclic Secondary Diamines: Bis-(2,3:6,7-Iminodimethylene)anthracene and Bis-(2,3:6,7-Iminodimethylene)-9,10-dicarboxyethenoanthracene.,SYNLETT, 2003, 1361-1363. Article: J. Toftered and U.J. Nilsson;Synthesis of Chiral Macrocycles by Cyclodimerization of Diamines with Stepwise Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.,SYNLETT, 2004, 2517-2520. Article: J. Toftered and U.J. Nilsson;Reactivity fine-tuning of phenyl carbamates for efficient synthesis of amphiphilic macrocyclic bis-ureas and bis-thioureas.In manuscript. Article: J. Toftered and U.J. Nilsson;Synthesis of chiral macrocycles incorporating two different aromatic diamines.In manuscript. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Organic chemistry (S/LTH) (011001240) 5be37a95-ed80-4141-ad5b-19840f8ce6fc 2016-04-04T12:12:38+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:12:38+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c9d5b1cf-5463-4e65-b083-978dea60957c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall A, Department of Physics, Professorgatan 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Ronald Whiddon author 814facaf-e60e-4315-ab84-cdcb9a29de3b Marcus Aldén supervisor 31a62b03-f895-4a38-815a-bc986ff44328 Frédéric Grisch opponent INSA-Rouen, CORIA, Université de Rouen, France Combustion Physics v1000625 department The matured laser-diagnostic techniques of planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) were applied to a prototype gas turbine burner operating on various fuels. The work was performed to provide verification of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models of the combustion of atypical fuels in a gas turbine combustor. The burner was operated using methane and three synthesized fuels of interest- one with hydrogen as the principle component and two with a low heating value (15 MJ/m3). Experiments were performed at pressures from 1 to 9 bar, with the fuel/air mixture at both ambient (~ 300 K) and elevated temperature.<br/><br> The burner, which was supplied by Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, is a down-scaled prototype of that used in the SGT-750 gas turbine. It is composed of three individual sectors that are arranged concentrically, a centermost pilot sector, intermediate sector and main sector. Each sector contributes a premixed fuel/air flow, while swirl elements in each sector promote flame stabilization and recirculation in the combustion region. There are dedicated fuel feeds allowing for localized setting of fuel/air mixture at each of the sectors. The central pilot sector of the burner was separable from the full burner assembly and was examined in detail. <br/><br> Information was generated regarding the use of syngas to fuel the burner. This information is intended to be used for the validation of CFD models of the experiments, including optimization of reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for the specific fuels. Laminar flame speed measurements were made for several syngas fuel candidates from which the high-hydrogen syngas fuel was selected. Burner performance at the lean stability limit was examined using the fuels of interest. It was found that increasing the fuel/air ratio in the central pilot sector improved the lean limit onset of flame extinction up to the point that the central pilot extinguished. Optimization of the burner nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission by fuel partitioning among the three sectors was performed. The response in emission level with fuel/air ratio was not universal among the fuels tested.<br/><br> The largest portion of work in this thesis is the visualization of the burner combustion field by laser diagnostic methods. The flame shape was imaged by the PLIF of the OH radical distribution. PLIF imaging of the central pilot sector was recorded for atmospheric and elevated pressure for iterations of inlet air temperature, fuel type and equivalence ratio. When comparing the OH-LIF distribution for various fuels and pressures it was found that equivalence ratio had the greatest effect on the distribution of OH signal from the exit of the central pilot sector. Lean equivalence ratios showed a diffuse signal typical of the post combustion region. Near stoichiometric equivalence ratios yielded a distribution having a clearly defined inner edge indicating combustion occurring outside of the pilot sector. At rich equivalence ratios the OH signal was lifted away from the pilot burner exit. Comparison of OH-PLIF and chemiluminescence signal for methane combustion supported the characterization that the pilot sector efflux varied from post combustion to attached and then lifted flame in conjunction with the increase in equivalence ratio from lean to rich. OH-PLIF imaging was collected for staging of fuel to all three sectors of the burner at atmospheric pressure. The flow field in the combustion region produced by the full burner was visualized using PIV for each of fuels of interest, illustrating the recirculation zone. Finally the OH-LIF distribution was imaged for the combustion region of the entire burner at elevated pressure during operation at a single equivalence ratio with various dilutions of natural gas. There was little discernible change in flame shape as the pressure was changed from 3, 4.5 and 6 bar and energy content was changed from 30, 40 and 45 MJ/m^3 Wobbe index. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> There is a natural tendency to take advantage of the most convenient energy source available. In this usage, convenient may mean most abundant, easiest to harvest or simplest to handle. Convenient will also correspond to cheapest in many instances. However, some consider it a responsibility to think of the long term costs of the energy we use. No form of energy is free from environmental impact. The question is, are we getting enough value from the energy we use and are we properly evaluating the secondary penalties we pay for that energy?<br/><br> <br/><br> Combustion is universally linked to human cultural development. For the last one hundred and fifty years coal, natural gas and liquid petroleum products- the big three fossil fuels, have been the power behind progress. These fuels are burned for heating, transportation and to generate electricity; they function quite well in the intended role. But not all energy sources are equal. For instance, coal which is cheap and abundant, is considerably dirtier when burnt than natural gas. <br/><br> <br/><br> Together with the ideal combustion products which are water, CO2 and energy, combustion produces unintended pollutants. Some of these are resultant from a presence in the fuel, such as heavy metals or sulphur compounds in coal and oil. Other pollutants are formed by the process of high temperature combustion, specifically nitrogen oxides (NOx), or by incomplete combustion such as carbon monoxide and soot. Research into reduction of these pollutants has progressed for several decades. Attention is increasingly directed to the importance of the combustion product CO2, as there is concern that elevating CO2 levels in the atmosphere will affect the environment adversely. In response, there is a drive to find reduced impact and CO2 neutral alternatives to the energy sources that permit the current standard of living.<br/><br> <br/><br> It would be impossible to completely replace combustion based energy conversion in the short term, and so efforts are underway to create cleaner, more efficient combustion systems. A good example is the area of gas turbine engines for electrical generation. Companies like Siemens, General Electric, Alstom and others have met the increasingly strict regulation of pollutive emissions. New design strategies that ensure better blending of fuel and air, and operation at lower combustion temperatures are developing. Simultaneously, there is interest in learning to operate these cleaner burning engines on fuels other than natural gas, e.g, carbon neutral fuels synthesized from biomass, coal gasification and low energy content gases. <br/><br> <br/><br> How are laser diagnostics involved in this development cycle? New ideas in burner designs are being combined with alternative fuels that may not burn in the exactly the same way as natural gas. To understand how these interact it is useful to measure various aspects of the flame. Some laser-based measurements are aimed at recording a value, such as an amount of soot, the concentration of a certain chemical at a point in the flame, or a temperature. Laser-based techniques can measure these values without interfering with the local flame conditions as could a conventional probe. As a result, the measured value should be more representative of the true conditions. Laser-based techniques also enable measurements in harsh environments that are incompatible with direct sampling. One of the more useful applications of lasers in combustion research is for taking images.<br/><br> <br/><br> Combustion in an engine is turbulent featuring a constant fluctuation of the flame edge. An image from a traditional camera will show the edge of the flame blurred by the amount of time that the camera was collecting emission, and the range of depths in the flame. If a two dimensional sheet of laser light of a selected wavelength passes through the flame, chemicals in the flame can give off photons, known as fluorescence. The image of this laser-induced fluorescence shows a slice through the flame frozen in time with no blurring. Depending on how these images are formed, certain qualities of the flame may be found: where the combustion reaction occurs, how quickly the flame edge fluctuates, how well the fuel mixes with the air before burning and so on.<br/><br> <br/><br> The greater strength of laser-induced fluorescence imaging is realized when it is combined with computer modeling of the combustion process. By comparing the real images of the combustion region with the computer model predictions, the quality of the model can be verified and improved as needed. These more accurate models may then influence the design of next generation combustion machinery. It is for this reason that the thesis work was undertaken: to generate a set of data for a prototype burner operating at defined conditions while burning several fuels that typify renewable or reduced carbon deficit fuels. The burner was operated at several pressures from atmospheric pressure up to nine atmospheres. The result is a wealth of data describing the flame shape as characterized by laser-induced fluorescence, information regarding fuel combustion properties, burner temperatures and emissions data for documented operating conditions. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c9d5b1cf-5463-4e65-b083-978dea60957c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5953720/4392492.pdf application/pdf 23315927 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2014 eng OH Laser Diagnostics Elevated Pressure Syngas DLE NOx Combustion Gas Turbine PIV PLIF Pilot SGT-750 Fysicumarkivet A:2014:Whiddon Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7473-883-4 4392448 155 2014-05-07T10:15:00+02:00 c9d5b1cf-5463-4e65-b083-978dea60957c 2016-04-04T12:12:46+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:12:46+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6f5f82e1-c77a-45c6-b076-803ad0c46cce 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kulturens Auditorium, Tegnérsplatsen, Lund 1 Martin Wolgast author 4948028d-5c6a-4764-8047-8b507fca60e6 Lars-Gunnar Lundh supervisor aa47000e-b1b6-4488-86e9-3ab202dcab70 Gardar Viborg supervisor ebfa055d-d0a6-4683-8685-cd1095e9ddfb Professor Stefan G. Hofmann opponent Boston University Department of Psychology v1000681 department The general aim of the present thesis was to further our understanding of cognitive restructuring and acceptance, both as concepts and as psychological processes related to emotion regulation. In doing this, concepts and processes related to cognitive restructuring and acceptance were examined in four different studies using different designs and methodologies. <br/><br> The main purpose of Study I was to experimentally compare the experiential and physiological consequences of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance as emotion regulation strategies with regard to aversive emotions elicited by film-clips and how the different emotion regulation strategies influenced tendencies of behavioral avoidance. The outcome pattern supported our hypotheses that both acceptance and reappraisal would be adaptive regulatory strategies in the given context when compared to the control condition. With regard to behavioral avoidance, our hypotheses were confirmed both in that cognitive reappraisal as well as acceptance led to significantly reduced behavioral avoidance (i.e. unwillingness to view the same film-clip again) in comparison to the control condition, and since there was a stronger association between elicited aversive emotion and avoidance in the reappraisal than in the acceptance condition.<br/><br> The purpose of Study II was to empirically test the suggestion that experiential avoidance in an emotion regulation context is best understood as an emotion regulatory function of topographically distinct strategies. To do this we examined whether a measure of experiential avoidance could statistically account for the effects of emotion regulation strategies intervening at different points of the emotion generating process as conceptualized by Gross’ (1998) process model of emotion regulation. The results showed the predicted outcome pattern only for the response focused strategy response suppression and not for the antecedent focused strategies of cognitive reappraisal and behavioral avoidance.<br/><br> Study III explored the constructs of cognitive restructuring and acceptance using items from well-established measures of the respective constructs in order to determine what subcategories or conceptual nuances that could be empirically detected, and examined these factors’ relationship to each other and to positive and negative emotionality, quality of life and clinical status. Exploratory factor analyses in a non-clinical sample rendered the factors “Thought Avoidance”, “Active Acceptance” and “Resignation”, loading on the higher order factor of “Acceptance”, and the factors “Constructive Refocusing”, “Cognitive Reappraisal” and “Distractive Refocusing”, loading on the higher order factor of “Cognitive Restructuring”. This factor structure was validated by confirmatory factor analyses in both another non clinical and a clinical sample.<br/><br> Finally, the purpose of Study IV was to use a person-oriented approach to test hypotheses regarding how the emotion regulation identified in Study III combine at the level of the individual. In addition, the study examined how homogenous subgroups of individuals characterized by different profiles of cognitive restructuring and acceptance strategies differ in terms psychological well-being. Nine distinct clusters were identified, and the general outcome pattern supported the suggestion that the two types of strategies can be seen as different but compatible forms of emotion regulation that can be combined in a variety of ways at the level of the individual. The findings from the study also lend support to the suggestions that the acceptance or non-acceptance of aversive private events are of particular clinical importance and that the effects of other strategies are significantly affected by whether or not they are combined with experiential avoidance or acceptance. En central del i de flesta psykoterapeutiska inriktningar utgörs av hur man ser på emotioner samt vilka konsekvenser olika sätt att förhålla sig till eller reglera emotionerna får: Ur ett psykoanalytiskt perspektiv ses primitiva och rigida försvarsmekanismer riktade mot omedvetna affekter, drifter och impulser, som en viktig bidragande faktor till utvecklandet av psykiska besvär (Weiner &amp; Bornstein, 2009). I humanistisk psykoterapi ser man förnekande eller förvrängning av känslor och önskningar som det huvudsakliga hindret för självförverkligande och utveckling (Rogers, 1951). Inom traditionell kognitiv beteendeterapi och kognitiv terapi ser man dysfunktionella kognitioner (tankar, antaganden, inre bilder etc.) som den huvudsakliga orsaken till bestående emotionella problem (Beck, Rush, Shaw &amp; Emery, 1979; Clark, 1999), medan man i det som kallats ”tredje vågens” beteendeterapier, och då särskilt i Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), ser olika sätt att undvika eller kontrollera inre upplevelser som den huvudsakliga förklaringen till psykiskt lidande (Hayes, Strosahl, &amp; Wilson, 1999). <br/><br> Även om dessa synsätt överlappar varandra, finns det även områden där de går isär och som då på ett naturligt sätt blir föremål för diskussion. Inom kognitiva och beteendeinriktade terapier i bred bemärkelse har en sådan kontrovers under det senaste årtiondet rört i vilken utsträckning man bör sträva efter att aktivt förändra eller acceptera inre tillstånd (emotioner, tankar, kroppsensationer etc.). Givet de grundläggande perspektiv på emotionell problematik som presenterats ovan, ser man i traditionell kognitiv beteendeterapi olika sätt att åstadkomma kognitiv förändring dvs. förändringar i hur vi tänker t ex i relation till oss själva, den situation vi befinner oss i eller omgivningen, som avgörande för att åstadkomma förändringar av bestående emotionella problem (kognitiv omstrukturering; Clark &amp; Beck, 1999). I t ex ACT anser man istället att man snarare bör sträva efter att acceptera inre upplevelser samtidigt som man beter sig på ett sätt som ligger i linje med ens grundläggande livsvärden och mål (Hayes et al., 1999). <br/><br> Parallellt med denna utveckling har man under samma period bedrivit allt mer grundforskning kring emotionsreglering och vilka effekter olika sätt att hantera emotioner har (Rottenberg &amp; Gross, 2007). På detta område har Gross (1998) formulerat en inflytelserik modell för att beskriva och klassificera olika emotionsregleringsstrategier. Enligt denna modell klassificeras emotionsregleringsstrategier beroende på när de intervenerar i den emotionsgenererande processen. Strategier som ingriper tidigt i denna process, och påverkar den framväxande emotionella responsen innan denna hunnit utvecklas fullt ut, kallas för antecedentfokuserade strategier. Exempel på sådana strategier är att undvika vissa situationer som man tidigare upplevt som obehagliga, att ha med sig en vän eller närstående till ett tandläkarbesök eller att förändra hur man tänker kring en viss situation. Strategier som ingriper sent i den emotionsgenererande processen, dvs när den emotionella responsen redan är fullt utvecklad, kallas för responsfokuserade strategier. Exempel på sådana strategier är att föröka dölja alla yttre tecken på rädsla eller ilska, att försöka tvinga sig själv att inte känna på ett visst sätt och att ta ångestdämpande mediciner eller droger. I tidigare forskning har kognitiv omstrukturering betraktats som en antecedentfokuserad strategi medan acceptans oftast betraktats som en responsfokuserad strategi (Hofmann &amp; Asmundson, 2008).<br/><br> Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att utöka vår förståelse för kognitiv omstrukturering och acceptans genom att studera dem ur ett emotionsregleringsperspektiv. Avhandlingen består av fyra olika delstudier som på olika sätt undersöker och jämför begrepp och processer relaterade till kognitiv omstrukturering och acceptans. De olika studierna sammanfattas nedan.<br/><br> <br/><br> Studie I<br/><br> Syftet med denna studie var att experimentell jämföra effekterna av kognitiv omvärdering och acceptans på upplevt obehag, fysiologiska reaktioner och undvikande i relation till aversiva emotionella tillstånd som utlösts av filmklipp. 94 deltagare indelades slumpvis i tre olika grupper: Omvärderingsgruppen fick instruktioner om att de skulle tänka kring de filmklipp de såg på ett sätt som minimerade negativa emotioner (t ex genom att påminna sig själva om att det bara var film med skådespelare och specialeffekter), acceptansgruppen fick instruktionen att de inte skulle försöka kontroller eller undvika eventuella emotionella reaktioner utan bara låta dem komma och gå enligt sitt naturliga förlopp, medan kontrollgruppen bara fick instruktioner om att titta på filmklippen. Resultaten visade att både kognitiv omvärdering och acceptans ledde till minskat subjekt obehag, svagare fysiologiska reaktioner och mindre undvikande, jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Det fanns få signifikanta skillnader mellan acceptans- och omvärderingsgruppen, men en skillnad som fanns var att det i omvärderingsgruppen fanns ett signifikant samband mellan upplevt obehag och undvikande, medan inget sådant samband förelåg i acceptansgruppen. <br/><br> <br/><br> Studie II<br/><br> Syftet med den andra delstudien var att empiriskt testa hypotesen att upplevelseundvikande i ett emotionsreglerinssammanhang bäst kan förstås som en funktion hos topografiskt sätt olika strategier. För att göra detta undersöktes huruvida upplevelseundvikande statistiskt kunde förklara relationen mellan emotionsregleringsstrategier som intervenerar på olika punkter i Gross modell och psykisk hälsa. De strategier som undersöktes var beteendemässigt undvikande, kognitiv omvärdering och responsundertryckande (dvs att man försöker dölja alla yttre tecken på en emotion). Resultatet indikerade att upplevelseundvikande endast förklarade relationen mellan responsundertryckande och psykisk hälsa, men alltså inte för de andra strategierna. <br/><br> <br/><br> Studie III<br/><br> I studie tre användes vedertagna mått på olika aspekter av kognitiv omstrukturering och acceptans för att försöka klarlägga vilka underkategorier begreppen innehåller samt hur dessa förhåller sig till varandra. En explorativ faktoranalys identifierade tre faktorer relaterade till kognitiv omstrukturering (Kognitiv omvärdering, distraherande omfokusering och konstruktiv omfokusering) och tre faktorer relaterade till acceptans (tankeundvikande, resignation och aktiv acceptans). Det fanns en positiv korrelation mellan acceptans och omstruktureringsfaktorn och de strategierna aktiv acceptans och konstruktiv omfokusering visade sig ha en stark relation till både acceptans och kognitiv omstrukturering. Faktorstrukturen validerades mot andra sample i en konfirmerande faktoranalys. Vidare undersöktes hur dessa faktorer förhöll sig till mått på positiv och negativ emotionalitet samt livskvalitet. Här visade det sig att acceptansfaktorerna samt konstruktiv omfokusering överlag var de strategier som hade starkast relation till dessa mått.<br/><br> <br/><br> Studie IV<br/><br> I den sista delstudien användes en personorienterad ansats (klusteranalys) för att testa en rad hypoteser kring hur de strategier som identifierades i Studie III kombineras med varandra på individnivå. Dessutom undersöktes hur olika grupper (kluster) av individer som kännetecknas av att de hade olika sätt att kombinera strategierna skilde sig från varandra med avseende på positiv och negativ emotionalitet och livskvalitet. I analysen identifierades nio kluster och resultaten stöder antagandet att kognitiv omstrukturering och acceptans kan betraktas som olika men kombinerbara emotionsregleringsstrategier som har påtagliga likheter med varandra i hur de förhåller sig till mått på psykisk hälsa. Resultatet från studien ger även stöd för antagandet att effekten av olika emotionsregleringsstrategier påverkas signifikant av om de utförs i en kontext av acceptans eller undvikande av inre upplevelser. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6f5f82e1-c77a-45c6-b076-803ad0c46cce https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5936312/3044568.pdf application/pdf 1156950 no Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of psychology, Lund University 2012 eng Cognitive restructuring Acceptance Emotion regulation Cognitive Behavior Therapy Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Psychology 978-91-7473-366-2 3044562 198 2012-09-21T13:15:00+02:00 6f5f82e1-c77a-45c6-b076-803ad0c46cce 2016-04-04T12:08:22+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:08:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6ba50244-d0b2-41c9-a350-31838b514790 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall A:C, in V-building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund Faculty of Engineering 1 Nelson Matsinhe author bd883729-ceb2-4559-abc8-83d897570417 Kenneth Magnus Persson supervisor PhD Tapio Katko opponent Technical University of Tampere, Finland Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department In Mozambique, despite considerable investments in the promotion of drinking water supplies, the access to quality water of sufficient quantity for the majority of people is still far from optimal. Current official figures report that nearly half of the country´s population and about 45 per cent of urban residents do not have access to safe water. As a result of poor performance or absence of public water services, in most areas, informal private operators supply water to the most of underserved populations. Management of drinking water quality is inadequate and is affected by limitations at production and distribution level. <br/><br> <br/><br> This research included an analysis of drinking water supply aspects of Mozambique with the view to contribute to the understanding of the factors affecting present drinking water supply and the challenges facing the water governance sector in developing and maintaining sustainable drinking water supplies. Emphasis was put on identifying critical factors affecting production and management of drinking water quality.<br/><br> <br/><br> The analysis of water quality aspects shown that present limitations in water safety and water quality are due mainly to lack of adequate treatment, inadequate management of distribution and lack of knowledge among operators. The quality of water sources used for drinking water production is very similar to that of many other parts of the world and the methods used for water treatment are, suited for production of excellent treated water quality. However, poor knowledge and inefficient operation of treatment processes causes drinking water production to be ineffective. <br/><br> <br/><br> Methods of improving drinking water treatment were also investigated. For reasons of sustainability, low cost treatment methods were selected. Pre-treatment with up-flow roughing filtration and use of natural coagulants (Moringa Oleifera) for water treatment were the methods tested. The results proven that if properly incorporated in the drinking water treatment strategy of the country, these methods can provide a viable and sustainable alternative for improved drinking water production.<br/><br> <br/><br> Service quality aspects of informal private operators were also analysed. It was concluded that they provide a reliable alternative for access and for expansion of service delivery to areas lacking piped water supply. It was also concluded that present human health risks for consumers relying on these services are comparable to that of formal water supplies. However, the lack of an inclusive regulatory framework to this type of service providers limits the possibilities for regulation of their activities. Therefore, regulation aspects around formal and informal service providers formed part of the research and a proposal for expanding the existing regulatory framework was presented. Licensing and regulatory functions needed are presented. <br/><br> <br/><br> The main conclusion of this study is that two major factors affect drinking water supply in Mozambique specifically; limited service coverage and; limitations in water safety and water quality caused by lack of adequate treatment, poor management of water distribution and lack of knowledge among operators. The main contribution of this study is to the water governance sector of Mozambique and it refers to the various possibilities offered by methods tested during this study, for sustainable improvement of drinking water production. In addition, the findings of the discussion of the drinking water supply situation looking not only at quantity but also at quality aspects of service delivery as was done in this study, will hopefully help the sector redefine its strategy of addressing drinking water supply in Mozambique. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6ba50244-d0b2-41c9-a350-31838b514790 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5939927/1227505.pdf application/pdf 4730171 no Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University 2008 eng service quality sustainability. water treatment water supply Water Engineering 978-91-628-7598-5 1227316 150 2008-09-26T10:15:00+02:00 6ba50244-d0b2-41c9-a350-31838b514790 2016-04-04T12:09:17+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:09:17+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fed9f69f-4ab3-4194-a42f-c6b4eed0bed4 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published hörsal B, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60 1 Alessia Mortari author e3b95b8f-e510-42a0-ac79-eb74c1da0347 Elisabeth Csöregi supervisor 4eed0839-ad84-4a4d-85cb-936d9e49f27f Professor Wolfgang Schuhmann opponent Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department Some metal ions, such as copper and zinc, are essential nutrients and catalysts in biochemical reactions. Other metal ions, e.g. cadmium and mercury, are highly toxic elements.<br/><br> Heavy metals detection has proven difficult with classical as well as experimental analytical methods. Novel techniques are required for the measurement of bioavailable toxic elements and for detecting small ligands binding, often weak and transient, yet vital to most cellular processes. <br/><br> The here-discussed biosensors were developed for the measurement of bioavailable concentration of toxic metals and to investigate the biochemical characteristics of proteins of biomedical interest. <br/><br> Heavy metal ions binding proteins, e.g. SmtA and S100A12, were used as bio-recognition element. <br/><br> Electrochemical capacitance was used to measure the protein-heavy metal ion interaction.<br/><br> The aim of the thesis is to review the research and the state-of-the-art of the protein-based capacitive biosensors for the detection of heavy metal ions. It covers the main aspects of the biosensor theory, research and development, including the detection principle, with particular attention to the transducer methods and gold electrodes, heavy metal ions coordinating proteins, immobilisation methods and the experimental biosensors applications. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fed9f69f-4ab3-4194-a42f-c6b4eed0bed4 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5934599/1211402.doc application/x-ole-storage 3337216 no Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University 2008 eng heavy metal ions protein electrode Biosensor capacitance Analytical Chemistry 978-91-7422-201-2 1211401 2008-09-05T10:30:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004) fed9f69f-4ab3-4194-a42f-c6b4eed0bed4 2016-04-04T12:07:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:07:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:fa4a6d82-f5da-4606-ad82-069bbf3fa02d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kemicentrum, Sal B 1 Mikhail Kondrashov author 8f2aaa36-e005-41d6-842e-168cba220487 Ola Wendt supervisor 7b9a947e-1e3d-468b-aeed-edb070ad220e Prof. Mats Tilset opponent University of Oslo, Norway Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department The ligand-directed C—H activation relies on a coordinating donor atom being in proximity to the C—H bond activated. Cyclometallation of 2-(1-naphthyl)-pyridine – a substrate containing both γ- and δ-positions in proximity to the directing nitrogen atom – was studied. Cycloruthenation and cyclopalladation result in γ-substitution and formation of the corresponding 5-membered metallacycles, which is in agreement with published regioselectivities of the corresponding catalytic reactions. Simultaneously, cycloauration and cycloborylation result in δ-substitution and formation of the corresponding 6-membered metallacycles. X-ray structures of all the metallacycles are presented. Deuterium labelling studies show that the cyclopalladation and cycloauration are irreversible, while the cycloruthenation is reversible and happens in both γ- and δ-positions.<br/><br> Attempts to synthesise bimetallic palladium complexes, consisting of two (2-phenyl-pyridine) palladium fragments connected via bridging ligands, resulted predominantly in the formation of monometallic species. While 1,8-naphthyridine and 7-aza-indole bind to palladium in an L-fashion with only one of the two nitrogen atoms, N-piperidine dithiocarbamic acid binds with both sulfur atoms in a chelating, rather than a bridging fashion. 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid acts as a bridging ligand. X-ray structures of naphthyridine and dithiocarbamate complexes are presented. No increase in the reactivity is observed, when 1,8-naphthyridine, 7-aza-indole and N-piperidine dithiocarbamic acid were used as additives in palladium-catalysed acetoxylation and bromination of 2-phenyl-pyridine.<br/><br> Oxidative anion metathesis was employed as a method of synthesis of organic salts. Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide salts can be converted to tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoroacetate, tosylate and bis-triflimide salts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding acids. The scope of cations, suitable for this reaction also includes N-alkylpyridinium and quaternary phosphonium salts.<br/><br> N-acetoxypyridinium chloride was employed as an oxidant in the palladium-catalysed C—H functionalisation of 2-aryl-pyridine resulting in the formation of the corresponding chloro-derivative. Trimethylsulfoxonium tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate and tosylate are unreactive as oxidants towards 2-(phenyl)-pyridine palladium acetate.<br/><br> Cyclopalladation of PCP pincer ligands with aromatic and aliphatic backbones by (PhCN)2PdCl2 was shown to proceed at temperatures as low as -62⁰C. The initial interaction results in the formation of a mixture of coordinated species, only some of which react further to form metallacyclic pincer compounds. The formation of pre-cyclometallation intermediates is kinetically disfavoured. However, C—H activation is fast and not rate-limiting in case of neither sp2 nor sp3 C—H bonds. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> Synthetic chemicals are the basis of the modern civilisation. Nowadays, they have a bad reputation, but it is only due to them that we are able to live healthier, longer, receive improving medical treatments, use the comforts of modern technologies and not die of thirst and starvation, despite the immense population growth. The main task of organic synthesis is to transform molecules into other molecules. Since molecules consist of atoms bound to each other, transforming one molecule into another molecule is essentially a question of breaking some of the existing bonds and making new ones.<br/><br> One typical recurrent problem in synthesis is breaking C—H bonds. Most of our organic chemical feedstock consists of hydrocarbons (molecules that have only carbon and hydrogen atoms in them). This very special chemical composition makes these molecules suitable for a limited amount of applications. The majority of chemicals we need require nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, halogens and other elements to be present in the molecule in order to have the required properties. Hence, we need to break C—C and C—H bonds and make new ones to get the molecules we want. At this point we stumble at a problem: not only is a C—H bond, typically, a very strong bond, but it is also fairly unpolar, which makes it difficult for this bond to undergo many interactions. Also, large organic molecules usually contain many C—H bonds, which can have fairly similar properties and only some of them should be broken to produce a certain target molecule. During the past decades metal-catalysed C—H bond activation has emerged as a huge field of research, providing numerous new methods for cheap and facile transformation of C—H bonds into other bonds.<br/><br> The current work is dedicated to some of the auxiliary problems existing in this field. In order to progress faster in the creation of new methods, we need to know more about the properties of the metal catalysts and their interaction with C—H bonds. In this thesis I was able to study the behaviour of different metal catalysts towards a specific substrate, which could point out the difference between their properties. My attempt to expand the scope of catalysts and reagents used in C—H activation reactions was unsuccessful, but it indicated important specifics of the properties of relevant catalysts. At last, I was able to study an old, well-known reaction and show that it can proceed under completely unexpected conditions, resulting in a C—H activation at one of the lowest temperatures registered. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/fa4a6d82-f5da-4606-ad82-069bbf3fa02d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5935997/8168659.pdf application/pdf 3466120 no Department of Chemistry, Lund University 2015 eng C—H activation cyclometallation pincer ligands anion exchange bimetallic complexes oxidative functionalisation Organic Chemistry 978-91-7422-418-4 8165585 79 2015-12-04T13:15:00+01:00 fa4a6d82-f5da-4606-ad82-069bbf3fa02d 2016-04-04T12:08:17+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:08:17+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:dcc87650-aa1b-4804-a239-16a15f109a09 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Jubileumsaulan, Medicinskt forskningscentrum (MFC), ingång 59, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, Malmö 1 Elisabeth Epstein author bee747f1-3ace-4a66-8cd4-ed9278772a15 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Stuart Campbell opponent Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK Obstetric, Gynaecological and Prenatal Ultrasound Research v1000527 department Obstetric, Gynaecological and Prenatal Ultrasound Research research group The aim of this thesis was to investigate how ultrasound can be used in the diagnostic work-up of women with post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) to optimise and individualise their management.<br/><br> <br/><br> The thesis is based on six studies comprising post-menopausal women with (Study I-VI) and without (Study VI) abnormal bleeding. The clinical value of conventional ultrasound, with or without saline infusion (hydrosonography), and of power Doppler ultrasound, was determined, and the performance of different endometrial biopsy techniques was compared and correlated with sonographic findings.<br/><br> <br/><br> Re-bleeding and endometrial growth were common during a follow-up period of 12 months in women with PMB and endometrium &lt; 5 mm, irrespective of whether dilatation and curettage (D&amp;C) was carried out or not. Endometrial pathology was only found in women with endometrial growth to &gt;/= 5 mm. If these women are managed by ultrasound follow-up, endometrial sampling should be performed if the endometrium grows to a thickness of &gt;/= 5 mm, and perhaps also in cases of re-bleeding. Endorette® (a simple endometrial sampling device) and D&amp;C had similar diagnostic value in women with PMB and endometrium &lt; 7 mm, whereas D&amp;C was superior to Endorette® in women with endometrium &gt;/= 7 mm. However, in another study on women with PMB and endometrium &gt;/= 5 mm, we found that D&amp;C failed to diagnose about half of the focal lesions in the uterine cavity that were removed by operative hysteroscopy. Thus, the presence or absence of focal lesions should determine the diagnostic procedure. Hydrosonography was found to be as good as hysteroscopy with regard to detecting focal lesions, but neither method was accurate enough in discriminating benign from malignant lesions. Distension difficulties at hydrosonography were more common in women with endometrial cancer and should therefore raise a suspicion of malignancy. A multivariate logistic regression model including clinical information, conventional ultrasound variables, and power Doppler variables seems to be superior to endometrial ultrasound morphology in correctly diagnosing endometrial cancer in cases where the endometrium measures 5-15 mm. The reproducibility of endometrial measurements allows reliable discrimination between post-menopausal women with endometrium &lt; 5 mm and &gt;/= 5 mm. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Ultraljudets roll vid utredning av postmenopausalblödning<br/><br> <br/><br> Målsättning<br/><br> <br/><br> Att ta reda på hur ultraljud bäst används vid utredningen postmenopausalblödning för att individualisera och optimera diagnostiken och behandlingen. Värdet av gråskaleultraljud med eller utan koksaltsinfusion (hydrosonografi) och av "Power Doppler"-ultraljud undersöktes med avsikt att ta reda på om ultraljudsfynden kan användas för 1/ att välja den mest tillförlitliga metoden att ta prov från livmoderslemhinnan, och 2/ att skatta risken för livmodercancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> Bakgrund<br/><br> <br/><br> Här presenteras den kunskap som fanns 1995 när avhandlingsarbetet inleddes. Den vanligaste anledningen till att kvinnor efter menopaus söker gynekolog är olaga underlivs blödning. En sådan blödning bör alltid utredas eftersom den kan vara ett tecken på livmodercancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det har visat sig att risken för livmodercancer är relaterad till livmoderslemhinnans tjocklek. Vid vaginal ultraljudsundersökning kan slemhinnan mätas mycket exakt. När slemhinnan är tunn, d.v.s. vid en tjocklek under 5 mm, är risken för livmodercancer mycket låg. Det har därför föreslagits att provtagning från slemhinnan kanske inte är nödvändig, men konsekvenserna av att avstå har inte undersökts. Vi vet därför inte hur vanlig ny blödning eller slemhinnetillväxt är vid postmenopausalblödning med tunn slemhinnan, eller om dessa komplikationer ökar risken för cancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> När slemhinnan är 5 mm eller mer ökar risken för cancer kraftigt, därför är det nödvändigt av att ta ett prov. Skrapning har under många år varit den gängse metoden för att ta prov från slemhinnan. Det senaste 20 åren har det blivit populärt att använda enkla provtagningsinstrument, t.ex. Endorette®, som ej kräver sövning. Men det finns enstaka studier som visat att såväl skrapning och enkla provtagningsmetoder kan missa polypösa förändringar. Polypösa förändringar kan utgöras av bl.a. muskelknutor, polyper eller cancer. Hur ofta polypösa förändringar missas hos kvinnor med blödning efter menopaus är inte känt. Vi vet heller inte om slemhinnans tjocklek och utseende vid ultraljudsundersökning kan hjälpa oss att välja den mest tillförlitliga provtagningsmetoden.<br/><br> <br/><br> Hydrosonografi och hysteroskopi kan användas för att ta reda på om det finns polypösa förändringar i livmodern. Men tillförlitligheten hos hydrosonografi att hitta dessa förändringar är inte dokumenterad, dessutom finns det inga studier som undersökt om hydrosonografi kan skilja godartade polyper från livmodercancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> En säkrare uppskattning av risken för livmodercancer, än den som fås genom att mäta slemhinnans tjocklek, skulle kunna hjälpa oss att ytterligare skräddarsy utredningen och behandlingen. Det finns flera tänkbara sätt att öka träffsäkerheten i cancerdiagnostiken med hjälp av ultraljud. Vid gråskaleultraljud kan vissa tecken ge misstanke om cancer, även om tillförlitligheten inte har säkerställts. Dessutom har "Power Doppler"-ultraljud visat sig ha en mycket god förmåga att hitta små slingriga blodkärl, vilket gör metoden potentiellt lämplig för att hitta kärlnybildningar typiska för cancer. Men det kliniska värdet av "Power Doppler" i diagnostiken av livmodercancer har inte utforskats.<br/><br> <br/><br> Livmoderslemhinnans tjocklek har en central betydelse vid handläggandet av postmenopausalblödning. Därför är det viktigt att värdera pålitligheten hos ultraljudsmätningar av slemhinnan. Men detta är inte ordentligt undersökt.<br/><br> <br/><br> Patienter<br/><br> <br/><br> Avhandlingen bygger på sex studier omfattande post-menopausala kvinnor med blödning (Studie I-VI) eller utan blödning (Studie VI). Alla ultraljudsundersökningarna har utförts på Kvinnokliniken vid Universitetssjukhuset MAS i Malmö, av Dr. E.Epstein eller Dr. L.Valentin, under tiden 1995-2001.<br/><br> <br/><br> Delarbete I-VI; mål, resultat och konklusioner<br/><br> <br/><br> I. Hur skall kvinnor med tunn slemhinna handläggas? Vad blir konsekvenserna av att avstå från skrapning? I det första arbetet lottades kvinnor med postmenopausalblödning och slemhinna under 5 mm till antingen ultraljudsuppföljning eller skrapning i narkos. Ny blödning och slemhinnetillväxt var nästan lika vanligt oavsett om skrapning utförts eller ej. Onormal slemhinna förekom endast hos kvinnor där slemhinnan vuxit till 5 mm eller mer. Slutsats: Om man väljer att följa kvinnor med tunn slemhinna med ultraljudskontroller, så bör provtagning utföras om slemhinnan växer till en tjocklek på 5 mm eller mer.<br/><br> <br/><br> II. Är Endorette® lika pålitligt som skrapning i narkos? Hur upplever kvinnor Endorette®-provtagning? I det andra arbetet jämfördes skrapning i narkos med Endorette®, som är ett enkelt provtagningsinstrument för öppenvårdsbruk. Kvinnorna uppgav den smärta de upplevt vid Endorette®-provtagning, samtidigt som läkaren gjorde en uppskattning av kvinnans smärta. Cirka hälften av kvinnorna upplevde måttlig eller stark smärta vid provtagning. Läkaren underskattade emellertid kvinnans smärta i 2/3 av fallen. Endorette® och skrapning hade samma diagnostiska värde hos kvinnor vars slemhinna var under 7 mm. Skrapning var däremot överlägset Endorette® hos kvinnor med slemhinna på 7 mm eller mer. Slutsats: Endorette® och skrapning är lika tillförlitliga vid en slemhinna på mindre än 7 mm, medan skrapning är att föredra vid tjockare slemhinna. Kvinnans smärta vid Endorette®-provtagning bör vägas mot risker vid narkos.<br/><br> <br/><br> III. Hur bra är skrapning på att diagnostisera eller avlägsna polypösa förändringar? I denna studie undersöktes förekomsten av polypösa förändringar, vid en slemhinna på 5 mm eller mer, samt förmågan hos skapning att diagnostisera och avlägsna dessa förändringar. Åttio procent av kvinnorna hade polypösa förändringar i livmodern, vilket är mer än man tidigare trott. Dessa förändringar utgjordes av bl.a. 50% godartade polyper och 25% cancer. Skapning missade drygt hälften av polyperna och var tionde cancer, vilket är anmärkningsvärt. Korrekt diagnos erhölls genom hysteroskopi med riktad provtagning. Slutsats: Vid förekomst av polypösa förändringar är skrapning en opålitlig provtagningsmetod. Om det finns polypösa förändringar i livmodern är hysteroskopi med riktad provtagning att föredra.<br/><br> <br/><br> IV. Kan hydrosonografi hjälpa oss att hitta polypösa förändringar? Går det att skilja på godartade förändringar och cancer med hjälp av hydrosonografi? I det fjärde arbetet undersökte vi förmågan hos hydrosonografi att hitta polypösa förändringar samt förmågan hos hydrosonografi att skilja godartade förändringar från cancer. Överensstämmelsen mellan hydrosonografi och hysteroskopi var nästan perfekt (96%) när det gällde att hitta polypösa förändringar. Men hydrosonografi kunde ej tillförlitligt avgöra om en polypös förändring var cancer. Däremot innebar en oförmåga att fylla livmodern med vätska vid hydrosonografi en kraftig indikation på cancer (7 gånger ökad risk). Slutsats: Hydrosonografi kan med fördel användas för att diagnostisera polypösa förändringar. Alla polypösa förändringar bör betraktas som potentiellt elakartade - och skall således avlägsnas helt. Oförmåga att fylla livmodern med vätska vid hydrosonografi bör betraktas som ett nytt kriterium vid diagnostik av livmodercancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> V. Kan "Power Doppler" ultraljud hjälpa oss att bedöma risken för livmodercancer? I den femte studien undersökte vi om "Power Doppler"-ultraljud av kunde bidra till att bedöma risken för cancer. Cancerrisken hos varje kvinna beräknades med matematiska modeller som baserades på individuella faktorer, samt fynden vid gråskaleultraljud och vid "Power Doppler". Vi fann att kärlrikedomen i slemhinnan, mätt med "Power Doppler", hade betydelse för cancerrisken - ju större del av slemhinnan som var kärlförsedd desto större risk för cancer. "Power Doppler" visade sig ha en högre förmåga än gråskaleultraljud att hitta tidig cancer. Hormonanvändning var den enda individuella faktorn som hade betydelse för cancerrisken. Hormonanvändning (gulekroppshormon + östrogen, i kombination) minskade risken för cancer. Slutsats: För första gången är det visat att "Power Doppler" kan bidra till en säkrare och bättre diagnostik av livmodercancer. Speciellt lovande tycks metoden vara då det gäller att hitta tidig cancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> VI. Kan vi lita på mätningar av slemhinnetjockleken? I denna studie undersöktes tillförlitligheten vid slemhinnetjockleks mätningar med vaginalt ultraljud. Båda underökarna kunde tillfredsställande upprepa sina mätningar oavsett slemhinnans tjocklek. Dessutom var överensstämmelsen mellan de båda undersökarnas mätresultat utmärkt. Slutsats: Mätningar av slemhinnetjockleken med vaginalt ultraljud är kliniskt tillförlitliga.<br/><br> <br/><br> Klinisk betydelse av avhandlingen<br/><br> <br/><br> Denna avhandlig tar ett samlat grepp på handläggandet av blödning efter menopaus, där ultraljud visat sig ha en central roll. Med hjälp av resultaten från våra studier har de flesta viktiga frågeställningar kunnat besvaras och kliniska riktlinjer utformas (se nedan). Efter handledd träning kan dessa riktlinjer användas av alla gynekologer. Kvinnor med blödning efter menopaus kan därmed erbjudas en individuellt anpassad utredning och behandling. Onödig provtagning kan undvikas, samtidigt som patientsäkerheten ökas genom att valet av provtagningsmetod anpassas till ultraljudsfynden. Genom att välja den mest lämpliga metoden kan såväl läkare och patient känna tillit till utredningen, eftersom risken för att feldiagnoser minimeras. Fram till idag har mätning av slemhinnetjockleken varit den bästa metoden för att bedöma risken för livmodercancer. Genom att skatta cancerrisken kan å ena sidan fall med misstänkt cancer högprioriteras för ett snabbt handläggande, å andra sidan kan ytterligare utredning undvikas hos kvinnor med låg risk för cancer men med hög risk för narkoskomplikationer. Två helt nya sätt att bedöma cancerrisken presenteras i denna avhandling, vilka var och en för sig bidrar till en säkrare bedömning. Vi har bland annat visat att "Power Doppler" har en högre förmåga än gråskaleultraljud att korrekt diagnosticera tidig livmodercancer. Riskbedömningen av livmodercancer kan sannolikt i framtiden ytterligare förbättras, dels genom att vidareutveckla "Power Doppler" och dels genom att kombinera ultraljudsfynden med bedömning av olika individuella faktorer. Hormonanvändning visade sig vara en sådan faktor. Vi fann nämligen att livmodercancer var tio gånger vanligare hos kvinnor som inte använde hormoner (östrogener+ gulekroppshormon) jämfört med hos dem som gjorde det. Andra tänkbara faktorer som skulle kunna förbättra bedömningen är t.ex. övervikt, sockersjuka och genetiska faktorer. Samarbete mellan olika discipliner kan påskynda en ytterligare förbättrad diagnostik https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/dcc87650-aa1b-4804-a239-16a15f109a09 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5961670/1693463.pdf application/pdf 2986826 no Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University 2001 eng gynaecology Obstetrics observer variation reproducibility vascularity index power Doppler hydrosonography biopsy ultrasound post-menopausal bleeding malignancy Endometrium andrology reproduction sexuality Obstetrik gynekologi andrologi reproduktion sexualitet Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine 91-628-5061-X 42232 152 2001-12-21T09:15:00+01:00 dcc87650-aa1b-4804-a239-16a15f109a09 2016-04-04T12:14:49+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:14:49+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a9bb667f-1036-46d2-ab70-58e408c97119 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Blå Hallen, Ekologihuset, Lund Universitet, Lund 1 Geraldine Thiere author 01e0ff59-5bb1-4df5-a736-81da3e4a6236 Stefan Weisner supervisor 2eb95672-df05-479a-acdd-03ef7731619d Olof Berglund supervisor 5c32166d-a067-4231-a6ce-999e9a2ed9ba Lars Leonardson supervisor 50385e79-dcd0-4d16-871b-cd651f6246bf Prof Jos T.A. Verhoeven opponent Section of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Division aquatic ecology v1000602 department Wetland creation at large, regional scales is implemented as a measure to abate the biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes and the eutrophication of watersheds and coastal areas by non-point source nutrient pollution (mainly nitrogen). The consequences of creating many new wetlands for biodiversity conservation and nutrient retention (ecosystem functioning) in agricultural landscapes are still relatively unknown, both on local (per wetland) and regional (per landscape) scales. In Sweden, wetland creation has progressed already since the 1990s, and by now larger numbers of created wetlands are present, mainly in the intensively farmed landscapes of southwestern Sweden. This thesis aimed to investigate the following aspects in these systems: (i) their large-scale effects on biodiversity, (ii) their functional diversity of bacterial denitrifiers, (iii) the abiotic and biotic influences on wetland ecosystem functioning, (iv) the potential for biodiversity-function links, and (v) the potential for functional links and joint functioning. <br/><br> (i) Created wetlands hosted diverse assemblages of macroinvertebrates and plants. They maintained a similar composition and diversity as natural ponds in agricultural landscapes. The environmental conditions per wetland did hardly affect macroinvertebrate and plant assemblages, and the prerequisites for nutrient retention did neither. In landscapes were wetland creation efforts had increased the total density of small water bodies by more than 30%, macroinvertebrate diversity of created wetlands was facilitated on both local and regional scales. <br/><br> (ii) Diverse communities of denitrifying bacteria with the capacity for conducting different denitrification steps (functional types) were present in all investigated wetlands. The richness of denitrifying bacteria communities was affected by nitrate concentration and hydraulic loading rate, which may potentially be relevant for the nitrogen retention function of created wetlands. The diversity across different functional types of bacterial denitrifiers increased with nitrate concentration. <br/><br> (iii) Both abiotic and biotic factors influenced ecosystem functions of created wetlands. Variation in nitrogen retention was associated to nitrate load, but even to vegetation parameters. In wetlands with constant nitrate load, planted emergent vegetation facilitated nitrogen retention compared to other vegetation types. In wetlands with variable loads, nitrogen retention was facilitated if nitrate load was high and many different vegetation types were present; nitrogen load could explain the majority of the variation in nitrogen retention compared to vegetation parameters. Phosporus retention of created wetlands was best explained by vegetation parameters. Litter decomposition was inhibited at high nitrate to phosphorus ratios. Methane production increased with age and decreased with plant cover. <br/><br> (iv) Biodiversity may facilitate wetland ecosystem functions, particularly in dynamic wetland ecosystems. Nitrogen retention increased with vegetation type diversity, phosphorus retention capacity with plant richness, and litter decomposition with macroinvertebrate diversity. <br/><br> (v) Created wetlands have the capacity of sustaining several parallel ecosystem services. Some wetland functions were coupled; nitrogen retention increased with fast litter decomposition. On the other hand, methane emission and nitrogen retention were independent of each other, as were nitrogen and phosphorus retention.<br/><br> In conclusion, created wetlands have the potential to at least partly abate the lost biodiversity and multifunctionality caused by the past extensive destruction of natural wetlands in agricultural landscapes. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a9bb667f-1036-46d2-ab70-58e408c97119 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5963640/1396411.pdf application/pdf 1911802 no Lund University 2009 eng watershed scale bacterial denitrification plants macroinvertebrates functional diversity biodiversity conservation constructed ponds eutrophication abatement nitrogen removal phosphorus retention Ecology (including Biodiversity Conservation) 978-91-7105-295-7 1366800 145 2009-04-24T10:00:00+02:00 a9bb667f-1036-46d2-ab70-58e408c97119 2016-04-04T12:15:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:15:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:b4d946ce-7de1-4163-8c31-1a0dd6683a0c 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published In Lecture Hall B, at the Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sölvegatan 39, Lund 1 Pille Kängsepp author 3db918b9-c1e5-4eba-a649-2013b6addcd6 Lennart Mathiasson supervisor 9c2d4389-09c1-4225-9138-1124a8ed22ad William Hogland supervisor Ain Heinaru supervisor Lennart Mårtensson supervisor Prof. Rune Bakke opponent Faculty of Technology, Telemark University College, Porsgrunn, Norway Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department It is well known that nature offers an abundance of materials and processes that can be adapted in low-tech fashion, to fabricate systems capable of removing pollutants from wastewater. During the last decade, extensive basic and engineering research on such natural treatment systems have led to improvement of the quality of discharged wastewaters. However, the mechanisms of natural treatment and their application for leachate treatment in temperate climates are not fully understood due to a large number of interacting factors. A complex, interdisciplinary research project was therefore undertaken to develop strategies for construction and evaluation of full-scale leachate treatment systems. <br/><br> The main objective of this Thesis was to develop and characterise a vertical-flow filter-bed-based system for treatment of leachate from an industrial landfill containing shredder residue (SR) of end-of-life vehicles (ELV) and white goods. The strategy for development of the treatment system involved laboratory batch and column experiments, and progressed to long-term field studies in a pilot plant at the landfill site. Several locally available low-cost natural or residual waste materials and mixtures thereof were investigated for removal of different types of pollutants from leachate. A mixture of peat and carbon-containing ash was found to be most efficient for removal of a number of toxic metals and various polar and non-polar organic compounds. Effective removal of phenolic compounds and an abundance of phenol-degrading and heterotrophic bacteria observed in the filter show that it also acts as a biofilter.<br/><br> Given the climatic character of Sweden, 60–70% of the annual leachate volume might be produced during a few months, resulting in possible overloading of the full-scale filter-bed-based treatment systems. To ensure stable hydraulic loading of the biofilter system, a retention pond with a storage volume of about 23,000 m3 was needed to even out annual leachate volumes up to about 35,000 m3 in the particular location. Such retention pond also equalises peak concentrations and allows pre-treatment of leachate. Sedimentation was found to be essential to decrease the initial load of pollutants (e.g. iron and suspended solids) and reduce the risk for clogging. Long-term performance of the vertical-flow biofilter was studied in the pilot and the full-scale plants. Efficient year-round performance of a filter-bed-based system can be achieved in a temperate climate zone like Sweden, if measures are taken to protect the filter from seasonal extreme of climate. The results obtained show that on-site natural treatment systems based on readily available materials with low environmental “footprint” can be used for treatment of leachates from an industrial landfill. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/b4d946ce-7de1-4163-8c31-1a0dd6683a0c https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5976756/1270432.pdf application/pdf 1413785 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2008 eng organic and inorganic pollutants Landfill shredder residue vertical-flow filter bed pond leachate treatment carbon-containing ash peat Analytical Chemistry 978-91-7422-204-3 1224758 231 2008-09-27T10:15:00+02:00 The project was also supported by Stena Recycling AB, Sweden. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004) b4d946ce-7de1-4163-8c31-1a0dd6683a0c 2016-04-04T12:18:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:18:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:08d3ee1e-2608-4c50-88ae-f9cde571c3b2 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kulturens auditorium, Tegnérplatsen, Lund 1 Peter Österberg author 34b1aed7-d48e-45f6-93b3-f07c7d2c24a5 Ingegerd Carlsson supervisor f7aae11d-1837-41e1-bf5e-a9fd9e7d22fd Stefan Jern supervisor faff8847-7034-4ed7-b734-bcc3e6ea96dc Professor Jan Forslin opponent Department of Industrial Economics and Management at Royal institute of technology Department of Psychology v1000681 department A main purpose of this thesis was to develop a model of leadership style named Generative Learning Management (GLM), thought to influence goal-oriented interpersonal creativity in organizations, and to test this model. Creativity is a complex consisting of both novelty and usefulness and it is a general mental ability that is determined by the interplay between different regions in a normally functioning human brain. In organizational psychology, neurobiology and connectionist theory have been used as an analogy with the purpose to describe knowledge exchange for problemsolving. The conclusion based on this reasoning is that creative ability within an organization is manifested through inter-personal exchange processes and that this process can be triggered by the intervention of a challenging goal. Leadership is therefore most often defined as a process whereby an individual influences a group of people to attain a common goal. In addition, in GLM another important factor is added: decentralization of decision making concerning goal attainment. Another aim in <br/><br> the thesis was to explore the influence of participative decision-making in different types of organizations, and also to test the relation between Generative learning management and the Creative climate questionnaire (CCQ; Ekvall, 1996). The results from empirical papers on the one hand supported the hypotheses presented in the first, theoretical, paper, and on the other hand, rejected any overall relation with CCQ. The conclusion from a fourth paper is that participative decision-making is best applied when the culture of the organization is member-oriented, as in a farmers’ cooperative and when people come together to develop strategies for goal attainment. If the culture of the organization is not member-oriented, the application of decisions concerning, for example, goals should be applied with assignment. It is proposed that goal attainment should be applied with the executive function decentralized down to the operators of the organization, to support parallel processing in problem-solving. Also, further research should be made on the relations between generative learning management and creative climate questionnaire, since both models pertain to creativity in organizations. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Syftet med avhandlingen var att utveckla en modell för ledarskap som påverkar målorienterad social kreativitet i organisationer. Modellen, på engelska benämnd Generative learning management, har två dimensioner: målstyrning genom tilldelning och decentralisering av beslutsrätten över strategiutveckling för att nå målen i analogi med parallell distribution. I rent praktisk mening innebär det här att kunskap kan vara fragmenterad och utspridd på många platser samtidigt, vilket gör att inhämtning och sammanlänkning sker snabbt i jämförelse med andra system. För att illustrera mänsklig kreativ potential börjar jag med en kort tillbakablick i den moderna människans historia som sträcker sig ca 200 000 år bakåt i tiden; vi levde då som jägare och samlare. För 10 000 år sedan blev jordens klimat plötsligt varmare och stabilare, vilket innebar nya möjligheter för den anpassningsbara människan som började bruka jorden och forma komplexa samhällen. Den här nya varma perioden, Holocene, möjliggjorde fasta bosättningar och odling av grödor samt möjligheten att hålla tamboskap i ett långsiktigt perspektiv, en livsstil som under 5000 år spred sig från Palestina och Mesopotamien till de nordöstra delarna av Indien och de Brittiska öarna i väst. Den här relativt snabba utspridningen demonstrerar dels människans förmåga att anpassa sig till nya förutsättningar, dels vår förmåga att hitta nya konstruktioner och processer för att lösa problem; när Sumererna uppfann skrivkonsten blev det möjligt att utveckla system för räkenskap av handel och logistik. Med finansiella resurser och teknologiska landvinningar kunde skrivkonsten sedan utvecklas och spridas, och takten på utvecklingen mot de komplexa samhällen vi känner idag ökade. <br/><br> Men det fanns redan då en baksida, då samhällen och organisationer utvecklades till hierarkier snarare än att bygga vidare på det nätverksformat vi förvaltat i nästan 200 000 år. Med det hierarkiska samhället placerades en person högst uppe i toppen som styrde över underordnade mellanchefer och arbetare. Historien är fylld av exempel på hur det hierarkiska maktutövandet dragits till sin spets; människans historia är i mångt och mycket en berättelse om hur vi kultiverat hierarkiskt tänkande och tryckt undan vår naturliga disposition för att lösa svåra problem med uppfinningsrikedom; vi premierar idag kontroll och försiktighet framför ett naturligt risktagande. Det här hierarkiska synsättet var sannolikt en av de premisser som styrde utvecklingen av hur man skulle se på kunskap. Först i början 1900-talet anade man att kreativitet kan vara resultatet av mentala processer inom personen. Idag anses kreativitet vara resultatet av ett tänkande där mentala kunskapsobjekt, eller fragment av dessa, kombineras till nya begrepp – meningsfulla kognitiva strukturer. För att anses som kreativa bör de nya begreppen vara både nyttiga och originella för en viss grupp eller kultur. De här processerna sker som ett samspel mellan olika delar av människans hjärna dels den del som hanterar medvetet tänkande, dels den del som hanterar omedvetet tänkande.. <br/><br> Processerna kan beskrivas som parallellt distribuerade och automatiserade, dvs. de är decentraliserade men styrda i den riktning som uppmärksamheten för tillfället pekar åt. Tillämpat på en organisation innebär det att fragment av kunskap sprids ut och lagras hos flera olika personer samtidigt. Om dessa personer själva äger beslutsrätten att utveckla strategier för att lösa problem, upprättar de automatiskt kontakter med varandra för att utbyta eller sammanlänka erfarenheter som kan leda till en lösning. Det här ger en dynamisk struktur som jag föreslår bör överträffa effekten av formella möten. Organisationer och deras chefer och team utsätts ständigt för nya utmaningar och konkurrens som kräver det som brukar kallas ”ständig förändring” av processer för hur man löser problem. En kommunikationsarkitektur som stimulerar självständighet i problemlösning kan antas bli en värdefull förutsättning för de organisationer som har ambitionen att hänga med i marknadens svängningar. Initiativet till självständighet styrs av organisationens ledare. <br/><br> Ledarskap definieras ofta som en process där en person påverkar en grupp av människor att nå ett gemensamt mål. Målstyrning är bevisat effektivt för att motivera människor att prestera, och forskningen på området demonstrerar en linjär relation mellan mål och prestation. Tydliga och utmanande mål påverkar prestation genom att rikta uppmärksamhetsfokus, mobilisera ansträngning, samt öka uthålligheten för att nå det uppsatta målet. <br/><br> I den första artikeln utformades en två-komponentmodell som beskriver hur ledare kan agera för att påverka interpersonell kreativitet (alltså de utbytesprocesser som föreslås bidra till att lösa komplexa problem); utgångspunkt var tre teoriområden: (1) medbestämmande kontra tilldelning vid beslutsprocesser, (2) målstyrning, samt (3) parallell kunskapsdistribution. Enligt modellen bör chefer använda två roller parallellt. <br/><br> Den ena rollen är autokraten som formulerar och tilldelar beslut om vilka mål organisationen ska rikta sin uppmärksamhet mot. Den andra rollen är demokraten eller facilitatorn som decentraliserar den exekutiva funktionen att utveckla strategier för att nå målen till personalen; skapa parallellt distribuerade utbytesprocesser av kunskap mellan medarbetare för att lösa komplexa problem. Att agera beslutsfattare respektive att decentralisera arbetet med hur målen ska uppnås, är motpoler på samma skala - deltagande i beslutsprocesser. I den andra artikeln testades ledarskapsmodellen från den första artikeln, med <br/><br> avseende på modellens relation till inter-personell kreativitet. Med statistisk metod reducerades enkätfrågorna till de faktorer som svarade mot de två rollerna i modellen generative learning management: tilldelning av mål och decentralisering av beslutsätten att utveckla strategier för att nå målet. Sedan genomfördes en sambandsanalys som bekräftade modellens relation till inter-personell kreativitet. <br/><br> Resultatet visade att en ledare bör lägga lika stor vikt vid tilldelning av mål som decentralisering av beslutsprocesser för att nå målen. Det framgick också att modellen var relaterad till människors tilltro till sin egen förmåga att lösa problem, så kallad self-efficacy, som är en viktig egenskap för måluppfyllelse. <br/><br> I den tredje artikeln undersöktes en medlemsförening och effekten av medbestämmande testades på tilltron till den kooperativa tanken och förtroendet för dem som leder kooperationen, i det här fallet en svensk lantbrukskooperation. <br/><br> Hypotesen var att i en medlemsförening efterfrågar människor medbestämmande om saker och ting, till skillnad från anställda i företag och organisationer vilka fördrar tilldelning av beslut. Lantbrukares (medlemmars) uppfattning om åtagandet för organisationens ideologi och förtroende för ledningen testades därför med tre variabler som traditionellt används i kooperationsteori för att förklara framgång: medlemmars tillfredsställelse med verksamhetens lönsamhet, deras ålder samt deras erfarenhet av ledningsarbete. En ytterligare variabel - upplevelse av deltagande i beslutsprocesser - lades till förklaringsmodellen och visade sig vara den avgörande faktorn för medlemmarnas åtagande för organisationens ideologi och förtroende för ledningen. <br/><br> I en fjärde studie jämfördes ledarskapsmodellen med en modell för kreativt klimat i en frågeformulärsstudie. Antagandet var att det skulle finnas ett flertal positiva samband mellan de tio klimatdimensionerna och ledarskapsmodellens två dimensioner. Istället uppstod negativa relationer mellan två av dimensionerna från arbetsklimatmodellen – debatt och idétid - med ledares förmåga att decentralisera beslutsrätten i frågor som rör måluppfyllelse. Utfallet var oväntat eftersom både GLM och CCQ är associerade med kreativitet i organisationer. En förklaring till de negativa relationerna är att GLM och CCQ bygger olika teorier, vilket har varit ett vanligt diskussionsämne i samtal med Ekvall. De teorier som förekommer CCQ bygger på en så kallade person – task dimension som är vanligt i modeller som beskriver organisationer. GLM, å andra sidan, använder målstyrningsteori och connectionism från kognitiv neurovetenskap. Olikheterna i respektive modell manifesteras i Ekvalls antagande att tid för idégenerering är viktigt, medan målstyrningsteori menar att snäva tidsramar är att föredra. Ekvalls resonemang är att om ledare sätter för mycket press på personalen så kommer stressen att hämma deras förmåga att vara kreativa. I målstyrning är det utmaningar, som att ha snäva tidsramar, som driver motivationen att prestera. Det finns anledning att tro att samma typ av utmaningar påverkar skapandet av ny kunskap. <br/><br> En slutsats är att skillnaden mellan GLM och Brainstormning å ena sidan, och <br/><br> GLM och CQQ å den andra, kan ses i hur inter-personella utbytesprocesser är organiserade. Där GLM stödjer lösa, informella relationer, används Brainstorming i traditionella mötesstrukturer. Gäller samma sak för CCQ? Ytterligare forskning krävs för att lösa den frågan. Slutligen, 1990 skrev Peter Senge, en av förgrundsgestalterna för lärande i organisationer, att vår kultur domineras av kontrollmentalitet, och att det tycks finnas lite utrymme för att kultivera vår medfödda nyfikenhet och impuls att lära nya saker genom experimentellt tänkande. Förmågan att utnyttja den kollektiva genialiteten inom organisationer, som är nyckeln till att upprätthålla framgång på alla typer av marknader, har förstörts av olika ihållande management-orienterade system (kom ihåg att människan kultiverat den förmågan i 10 000 år!). Det här sättet att resonera är konsistent med Drori and Honing, båda med professurer i management. I en artikel i Harvard Business Review hävdar de att det är farligt att inte distribuera ansvaret för kreativitet till organisationen. <br/><br> Även om kreativitet har utvecklats genom evolutionen till att bli en mänsklig predisposition, så verkar människor i allmänhet undvika möjligheten att använda den färdigheten. Istället upplevs kreativa uttryck som excentriska, eller associerade med bipolär personlighetsstörning. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/08d3ee1e-2608-4c50-88ae-f9cde571c3b2 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5977131/2441625.pdf application/pdf 177855 no Lund University 2012 eng Generative learning management leadership style goal-setting decentralization creativity Psychology 978-91-628-8467-3 2440809 40 2012-05-15T13:00:00+02:00 08d3ee1e-2608-4c50-88ae-f9cde571c3b2 2016-04-04T12:18:59+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:18:59+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6fac597a-8da1-4fb6-bae3-a37b56ab1bb0 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14, Lund, Sweden 1 Christian Sturesson author 06552b10-297a-424f-acec-44113e61f2a8 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Martin J.C. van Gemert opponent Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Surgery (Lund) v1000466 department Heat has long been utilised as a therapeutic tool in medicine. Laser-induced thermotherapy aims at achieving the local destruction of lesions, relying on the conversion of the light absorbed by the tissue into heat. In interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy, light is focused into thin optical fibres, which are placed deep into the tumour mass. The objective of this work was to increase the understanding of the physical and biological phenomena governing the response to laser-induced thermotherapy, with special reference to treatment of liver tumours and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Mathematical models were used to calculate the distribution of light absorption and the subsequent temperature distribution in laser-irradiated tissues. The models were used to investigate the influence on the temperature distribution of a number of different factors, such as the design of the laser probe, the number of fibres, the optical properties of the tissue, the duration of irradiation, blood perfusion and boundary conditions. New results concerning transurethral microwave thermotherapy were obtained by incorporating the distribution of absorbed microwaves into the model. Prototypes of new laser applicators for anatomically correct treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia were developed and tested ex vivo. Experimental work on liver tumours pointed to the importance of eliminating the blood flow in the liver during treatment to reduce convective heat loss. In addition, it was shown that hepatic inflow occlusion during treatment increased the thermal sensitivity of tumour tissue. The dynamic influence of interstitial laser thermotherapy on liver perfusion was investigated using interstitial laser Doppler flowmetry. Vessel damage after the combined treatment of laser-induced heat treatment and photodynamic therapy was studied. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/6fac597a-8da1-4fb6-bae3-a37b56ab1bb0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5978894/2299916.pdf application/pdf 6596657 no Department of Physics, Lund University 1998 eng blood perfusion mathematical modelling liver tumours Atomic and molecular physics benign prostatic hyperplasia Atom- och molekylärfysik Fysicumarkivet A:1998:Sturesson hyperthermia Coagulation tissue optical properties Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 0281-2762 91-628-3134-8 38965 LUTFD2/(TFAF-1037)/1-83/(1998) LRAP-235 210 1998-10-24T10:15:00+02:00 Article: I. C. Sturesson and S. Andersson-Engels, "A mathematical model for predicting the temperature distribution in laser-induced hyperthermia. Experimental evaluation and applications," Phys. Med. Biol. 40: 2037-2052, 1995. Article: II. C. Sturesson, "Interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy: influence of carbonization on lesion size," Lasers Surg. Med. 22: 51-57, 1998. Article: III. K. Ivarsson, J. Olsrud, C. Sturesson, P.H. Möller, B.R.R. Persson and K.-G. Tranberg, "A feedback interstitial diode laser (805 nm) thermotherapy system: ex vivo evaluation and mathematical modelling with one and four fibers," Lasers Surg. Med. 22: 86-96, 1998. Article: IV. A.M.K. Nilsson, C. Sturesson, D.L. Liu, and S. Andersson-Engels, "Spectral measurements of the optical properties of tissue in conjunction with laser-induced thermotherapy," Appl. Opt. 37: 1256-1267, 1998. Article: V. C. Sturesson, D.L. Liu, U. Stenram and S. Andersson-Engels, "Hepatic inflow occlusion increases the efficacy of interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy in rat," J. Surg. Res. 71: 67-72, 1997. Article: VI. C. Sturesson, K. Ivarsson, S. Andersson-Engels, and K.-G. Tranberg, "Changes in local hepatic blood perfusion during interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy of normal rat liver measured by interstitial laser Doppler flowmetry," submitted to Lasers Med. Sci. Article: VII. C. Sturesson, K. Ivarsson, S. Andersson-Engels, U. Stenram, and K.-G. Tranberg, "Interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy of a rat liver tumour: Effect of temperature and hepatic inflow occlusion," manuscript. Article: VIII. D.L. Liu, S. Andersson-Engels, C. Sturesson, K. Svanberg, C.H. Håkansson and S. Svanberg, "Tumour vessel damage resulting from laser-induced hyperthermia alone and in combination with photodynamic therapy," Cancer Lett. 111: 157-165, 1997. Article: IX. C. Sturesson and S. Andersson-Engels, "Theoretical analysis of transurethral laser-induced thermo-therapy for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Evaluation of a water-cooled applicator," Phys. Med. Biol. 41: 445-463, 1996. Article: X. C. Sturesson and S. Andersson-Engels, "Tissue temperature control using a water-cooled applicator. Implications for transurethral laser-induced thermo-therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia," Med. Phys. 24: 461-470, 1997. Article: XI. C. Sturesson, J. Olsrud, M. Bolmsjö, B.R.R. Persson, A. Mattiasson, and S. Andersson-Engels, "Side-firing laser catheter for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: ex vivo evaluation," manuscript. Article: XII. M. Bolmsjö, C. Sturesson, L. Wagrell, S. Andersson-Engels, and A. Mattiasson, "Optimizing transurethral microwave thermotherapy: a model for studying power, blood flow, temperature variations and tissue destruction," Br. J. Urol. 81: 811-817, 1998. 6fac597a-8da1-4fb6-bae3-a37b56ab1bb0 2016-04-04T12:19:28+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:19:28+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bd96fc89-c4f9-4fff-9b45-a4c10838f1de 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hall F of the Department of Physics (Theoretical division building, 2nd floor) 1 Pavel Tyapkin author 9a2e528d-0c8d-46d9-b5aa-ddb0bd1394bd [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Dr Per Grafström opponent CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Particle and nuclear physics v1000632 department The study is based on data collected at the LEP II accelerator during the second period of the Large Electron-Positron collider operations (1996-2000). During that time the DELPHI (DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification) experiment collected about 90 Gb of data on tape corresponding to 687-691 pb&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of luminosity.<br/><br> <br/><br> The data obtained by the VSAT (Very Small Angle Tagger) electromagnetic calorimeter was stored and used for luminosity measurements and for gamma-gamma physics analysis.<br/><br> <br/><br> The analysis was concentrated on single and double tag events. Three Monte Carlo sets were generated for years 1998-2000 using three different generators (PYTHIA, PHOJET and TWOGAM). Gamma-gamma physics at such high energies (189-206 GeV in the c.m.s.) and small polar angles (3-12 mrad) is unique.<br/><br> <br/><br> Background and beam conditions influenced the analysis and were studied in order to obtain a "clean" signal with as little background as possible. The total hadronic cross-sections for different invariant mass were estimated. The upgrade of the VSAT data-taking software and some hardware problems due to aging were also discussed.<br/><br> <br/><br> The articles in the Appendices are connected with VSAT data-taking and the two-photon physics analysis.<br/><br> <br/><br> Appendix A, is the VSAT status report with estimation of VSAT performance for higher energies. The situation with the VSAT detector hardware and software upgrades are explained in the article.<br/><br> <br/><br> Appendix B, was written during the summer of 1999. The main subject of the article is the background condition in VSAT, STIC and other calorimeters. Some effective methods of removing background are proposed for each of the DELPHI calorimeters.<br/><br> <br/><br> Appendix C, describes problems of the long-time radiation damage and the short periods of high background which caused an increase of the bias currents in the VSAT modules.<br/><br> <br/><br> Appendix D, summarizes all beam parameters changes, position shifts of the VSAT modules observed by geometrical surveys and consequences of that during LEP II period.<br/><br> <br/><br> Appendix E, is devoted to the two-photons physics analysis of the DELPHI - VSAT data. The final analysis of two-photon events in double and single tag modes is presented. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Studie av Två-Fotons processer vid låg Q&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; med hjälp av VSAT kalorimetern i DELPHI experimentet<br/><br> <br/><br> Den här studien är baserad på data som har insamlats med hjälp av LEP (Large Electron-Positron) acceleratorn under dess andra tidsperioden LEP II (1996-2000) då strålenergin uppgick till 103-104 GeV. Under den perioden insamlades vid DELPHI (DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification) ungefär 90 Gb data, motsvarande till 687-691 pb&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; i luminositet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Data från VSAT (Very Small Angle Tagger) elektromagnetisks kalorimetern lagrades separat och användes av VSAT-gruppen till luminositets mätningar och till gamma-gamma (två-fotonens) fysik analyser av foton-foton kollisioner.<br/><br> <br/><br> Dessa analyser är inriktad på en- och två- fotonsbetecknad fall (single and double tag events) som sislar med en eller två fotoner registrerad i VSAT efter kollision. Tre Monte Carlo simulationserier utvecklades för perioden 1998-2000 med hjälp av tre olika generatorprogram (PYTHIA, PHOJET och TWOGAM). Studier av gamma-gamma fysik vid så höga energier (från 189 till 206 GeV i tyngdpunktssystemet) och så små polar vinklar av fotoner (3-12 milliradians) är ganska unika i det här området av högenergifysik.<br/><br> <br/><br> Bakgrund och strål villkor som har påverkat denna analys har studerats för att få så "ren" signal med så liten bakgrund som möjligt. Förbättring och uppdatering av mjukvaran i VSAT datasystem och en del av hårdvara problem på grund av ålder och kraftig strålning från LEP diskuteras också i den här avhandlingen. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bd96fc89-c4f9-4fff-9b45-a4c10838f1de https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5971768/1693196.pdf application/pdf 12816563 no Lund University 2004 eng högenergi QCD STIC VSAT DELPHI LEP antitag double tag single tag photon structure function hadronic cross-section virtual photons two-photon gamma-gamma Kosmisk strålning cosmic rays High energy interactions PHOJET TWOGAM PYTHIA VDM GSP Fysicumarkivet A:2004:Tyapkin Subatomic Physics 91-628-6168-9 467214 LUNFD6/(NFFL-7221) 2004 190 2004-09-17T15:15:00+02:00 bd96fc89-c4f9-4fff-9b45-a4c10838f1de 2016-04-04T12:17:31+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:17:31+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1a30ef52-bfec-4ff8-9f2c-b462ca0d2e95 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room B, Department of physics, Professorsgatan 1, Lund Institute of Technology 1 Arash Gharibi author ff9d0137-9f67-4f82-8f13-b35b9a962aea Erik Swietlicki supervisor 728b37a5-4444-4673-9a7c-26b7c3219bfe Docent Hallquist Mattias opponent CTH, Göteborg Department of Physics v1000621 department The thesis presents the results of studies of aerosol particle formation using ion and electron beam analytical techniques. The sources of aerosol particle formation studied are the following:<br/><br> <br/><br> 1. production of primary aerosol particles in the high Arctic region during summers<br/><br> <br/><br> 2. emission of ultrafine aerosol particles from wear on the road-tire interface<br/><br> <br/><br> 3. emission of aerosol particles from district heating units operating on three commonly-used biofuels.<br/><br> <br/><br> A source of primary and nearly hydrophobic aerosol particles within the Arctic pack ice region during summers with a composition similar to that of average crustal rock was identified.<br/><br> <br/><br> Wear on the road-tire interface was found to generate numerous ultrafine aerosol particles of varying morphology. The particle number emission factors per vehicle and kilometer driven are similar in magnitude to the tail-pipe exhaust emissions obtained by use of modern engine technology.<br/><br> <br/><br> Particle emissions from the combustion of biomass were characterized in terms of their elemental composition and particle formation mechanisms.<br/><br> <br/><br> List of papers in this dissertation<br/><br> <br/><br> Paper I: Aerosol particle elemental size distributions during the Arctic Ocean expedition in the summer of 2001.<br/><br> <br/><br> Paper II: Summer high Arctic aerosol particles classified using Transmission Electron Microscopy.<br/><br> <br/><br> Paper III: Traffic-generated emissions of ultra fine particles from the road surface-tire interface.<br/><br> <br/><br> Paper IV: Particle emissions from district heating units operation on three commonly used biofuels.<br/><br> <br/><br> Paper V: Laboratory and field test of a method for high-temperature characterization of fly ash and fly ash precursors. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/1a30ef52-bfec-4ff8-9f2c-b462ca0d2e95 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5973173/546210.pdf application/pdf 51072267 no LUND UNIVERSITY Lund Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Box. 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden 2006 eng GUPIX TEM SEM EDX biomass combustion traffic road jet droplets film droplets Physics Nuclear physics Fysik Kärnfysik pollution control Environmental technology Aerosol particles PIXE sources emission tire Arctic Miljöteknik kontroll av utsläpp Fysicumarkivet A:000 Subatomic Physics 91-628-6757-1 546209 2006-03-03T10:15:00+01:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Technology) (011013007), Physics, Faculty of Technology (011013200) 1a30ef52-bfec-4ff8-9f2c-b462ca0d2e95 2016-04-04T12:17:54+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:17:54+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f6f617ed-59f9-448d-aba2-4bd5b44d4980 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Blå Hallen, Department of Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund 1 Ulrika Jönsson Belyazid author bc0c5c22-00d3-45f8-9adf-f3f5242bec74 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Malcolm Press opponent Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Univeristy of Sheffield, UK Department of Biology v1000601 department This thesis investigated the occurrence of soilborne species of the plant pathogenic genus Phytophthora in southern Swedish oak forests and their possible involvement in southern Swedish oak decline. The emphasis was on the impact of P. quercina on Quercus robur in acid forest soils. Several different methods, including screening for Phytophthora in oak forest soils, greenhouse experiments with seedlings grown in soils inoculated with Phytophthora, and field studies of mature oaks growing in Phytophthora-infested stands, were used. The results showed that Phytophthora species occur in southern Swedish oak forests. The most frequently recovered species was P. quercina, which was found in 10 of 32 investigated oak stands. In addition, P. cactorum and P. cambivora (mating type A2) were recovered from one stand each. The soil conditions at the sites from which Phytophthoras were recovered ranged from mesic sediments to moraines, with clayey to silty textures and with pH(BaCl2) in the rhizosphere soil between 3.5 and 5.0. In greenhouse studies, P. quercina and P. cactorum were found to infect and cause substantial damage to roots of Q. robur seedlings grown in acid forest soils under a mesic water regime. The presence of the natural soil microflora did not hinder the pathogens from infecting and damaging the roots. In addition, significant differences in live fine-root length were found between healthy mature oaks and declining mature oaks growing in stands infested with P. quercina. No such difference was found between trees growing in non-infested stands. The impact of the pathogen on mature oaks seemed to depend on tree vitality, site and climatic conditions. Despite the significant reductions in live fine-root length of both seedlings and mature oaks, few differences in above-ground growth (measured only in seedlings) and leaf nutrient concentrations were detected. However, it seems likely that continuous root infections, with subsequent replacement of roots, will deplete the carbohydrate stores in the plant and cause reductions in the production of new root and shoot tissue as well as in the production of secondary metabolites. This may result in an increased susceptibility of the tree to further pathogen infections as well as to other stress factors. A weak association was found between the occurrence of P. quercina and the vitality of oak stands (determined from estimates of crown defoliation). The impact of soil type on carbon allocation patterns in plants and its consequences for the extent of root damage caused by P. quercina is discussed, as well as the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the aggressiveness of Phytophthora, susceptibility of oak and subsequent disease development. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Under de senaste decennierna har många ekar i Sverige och i övriga Europa uppvisat en klart försämrad hälsa och på många ställen har omfattande ekdöd förekommit. Forskning för att klarlägga orsakerna bakom ekskadorna pågår och ett flertal möjliga förklaringar har lagts fram, men ännu finns ingen lösning på gåtan. De flesta forskare anser dock att skadorna beror på komplexa interaktioner mellan ett flertal olika faktorer, såsom ogynnsamt klimat, luftföroreningar, växtskadegörare och utebliven eller felaktig skogsskötsel. Denna avhandling behandlar en av dessa faktorer, nämligen en grupp av svampliknande växtskadegörare som kallas Phytophthora. Phytophthora kan angripa och förstöra rötter, stam och blad hos unga plantor såväl som vuxna träd. Jag ville därför undersöka om jordburna arter av Phytophthora förekommer i ekbestånd i södra Sverige, och om de isåfall är inblandade i de skador på träden som vi idag kan se i många ekbestånd. Resultaten visade att det finns åtminstone tre olika jordburna arter av Phytophthora i sydsvenska ekbestånd. Den art som hittades i flest bestånd (10 av 32 undersökta bestånd) var den för ek specifika patogenen P. quercina. Phytophthora visades förekomma på mycket varierande marktyper med olika markkemiska förhållanden. För att utröna om Phytophthora hade någon negativ effekt på ekens rotsystem och därmed kunde påverka trädens hälsa utfördes växthusförsök där unga ekplantor planterades i skogsjord som infekterats med P. quercina och en annan art av Phytophthora, P. cactorum. Båda arterna infekterade och förstörde en stor andel av plantornas rotsystem trots att förhållandena inte var optimala för skadegörarna (skogsjorden var sur, vattentillgången var begränsad och andra mikroorganismer var närvarande i jorden). Fältstudier visade senare att P. quercina även kunde orsaka omfattande skador på rotsystem hos vuxna träd. Omfattningen av skadorna verkade variera beroende på trädens vitalitet, markförhållandena och det rådande klimatet. Trots de omfattande skadorna på rotsystemen kunde få effekter på de unga plantornas ovanjordiska tillväxt eller på näringsstatusen hos plantor eller vuxna träd ses. Detta är dock inte ovanligt, eftersom Phytophthora ofta infekterar rotsystemen hos vuxna träd många år innan effekter i kronan kan upptäckas. Upprepade och omfattande infektioner av rotsystemet, där trädet måste ersätta de rötter som förstörts som en följd av infektionerna, tär dock på trädets reserver av kolhydrater. Detta kan leda till reduktioner i tillväxt av rötter och krona, samt även påverka produktionen av försvarsämnen negativt. Trädens känslighet mot ytterligare rotinfektioner av Phytophthora och mot andra stressfaktorer kan därför öka och trädens hälsa försämras. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/f6f617ed-59f9-448d-aba2-4bd5b44d4980 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5973507/1693200.pdf application/pdf 2380100 no Ulrika Jönsson, Department of Ecology (Plant Ecology and Systematics), Ecology Building, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, 2004 eng Växtekologi Plant ecology microbial competition carbon allocation nutrients water availability soil chemistry mature oaks seedlings acid soils Phytophthora quercina Quercus robur Ecology (including Biodiversity Conservation) 91-7105-214-3 467479 126 2004-11-19T10:00:00+01:00 Article: I. Jönsson U, Lundberg L, Sonesson K, Jung T. 2003. First records of soilborne Phytophthora species in Swedish oak forests. Forest Pathology 33: 175-179. Article: II. Jönsson U, Jung T, Rosengren U, Nihlgård B, Sonesson K. 2003. Pathogenicity of Swedish isolates of Phytophthora quercina to Quercus robur in two different soils. New Phytologist 158: 355-364. Article: III. Jönsson U. 2004. Phytophthora species and oak decline – can a weak competitor cause significant root damage in a nonsterilized acidic forest soil? New Phytologist 162: 211-222. Article: IV. Jönsson U and Rosengren U. Can Phytophthora quercina have a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions? – Manuscript. Article: V. Jönsson U, Jung T, Sonesson K and Rosengren U. Relationships between Q. robur health, occurrence of Phytophthora species and site conditions in southern Sweden. – Submitted manuscript. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Plant Ecology and Systematics (Closed 2011) (011004000) f6f617ed-59f9-448d-aba2-4bd5b44d4980 2016-04-04T12:18:00+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:18:00+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:80459f0e-60f2-4e8b-b308-b27cd52afb56 2025-10-30T13:03:04Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Kulturens Auditorium, Tegnérsplatsen, Lund 1 Johan Hellman author 81350130-c629-470d-8faf-b22b8414e199 Sverker Sikström supervisor 58956ac9-e734-4aa1-810e-6b3de60029be Professor Christopher Berry opponent Plymouth University Department of Psychology v1000681 department For more than a century, an immense interest has been devoted to the study of recognition memory, where a multitude of memory phenomena has been explained.<br/><br> Recognition memory is usually described with parsimonious measurement and statistical models, stemming from dual process theory and signal detection theory. In the present thesis, the most often used models of recognition memory are reviewed and compared to a novel implementation of the variance theory, abbreviated the VT (Sikström, 2001) in the account of frequency and familiarity effects, and a new model of item variability (the multidimensional signal detection theory, abbreviated the MSDT). The focus of the thesis lies on the effects of prior knowledge on recognition memory, investigated with behavioral, electrophysiological and modeling approaches.<br/><br> In Study 1, a novel paradigm for measuring frequency and familiarity effects in recognition memory was introduced (the name paradigm), where recognition memory was tested on rare and common names that were famous and non-famous. The name paradigm was experimentally implemented in different conditions that provided a detailed description of fame and familiarity effects in recognition memory in four experiments. The study showed that pre-experimental knowledge both facilitates and impairs memory. Fame and frequency were selectively related to specific and non-specific semantic knowledge, where the former enabled retrieval of more and detailed information whereas frequency lacked such specificity at retrieval.<br/><br> The second study elaborated on prior knowledge on recognition memory with the name paradigm by recording Event-Related Potentials, a method with which electrophysiological signatures of cognitive processes can be linked to experimental manipulations. More specific, it was investigated whether old/new effects previously related to familiarity and recollection, the FN400 old/new effect (Mecklinger, 2006) and the late positive component (the LPC, see Rugg &amp; Yonelinas, 2003), respectively, would be selectively induced by frequency and fame, thereby linking the experimental variables to the two memory processes. Further, in a second experiment, the proposed link between familiarity and conceptual priming (Paller, Voss &amp; Boehm, 2007) was investigated. The behavioral findings replicated those in Study 1, and the ERP analysis revealed that low frequent names elicited the FN400 effect, whereas fame to a higher extent than frequency gave rise to the LPC. Experiment 2 demonstrated that familiarity (i.e., the FN400) is insensitive to conceptual priming.<br/><br> Study 3 provided a comprehensive account of fame and frequency effects by a novel implementation of the VT (Sikström, 2001). In two experiments the name paradigm was implemented in conditions where item, source and associative memory was assessed, which replicated the memory findings in Study 1 and 2. In the VT, fame was defined as a pre-experimental encoding of the stimulus. When a famous name was encoded the reinstatement of the item, based on previous experiences (prior to the experimental test) was associated with an increase in the specificity of the representation. This lead to an increase in net input to the underlying at retrieval, due to the high degree of similarity between the encoded and the retrieved item, and low degree of variability. Frequency, on the other hand affected the variability but not the magnitude of the net input, which resulted in lower memory performance.<br/><br> In Study 4, a new model of item variability was introduced, the MSDT. The MSDT describes memory with three parameters, similar to the account provided by signal detection theory (SDT), but introduces non-linearity’s to SDT, relies on binomial rather than normal latent distributions, and provides a multidimensional account of memory phenomena. The MSDT suggests novel predictions on changes in item variability as a function of attentional skill (i.e., ADHD versus healthy controls and varying degrees of attentional disabilities) as well as for the mediators in the differences in response variability in attentive and inattentive people. These predictions were tested on attentive and inattentive people, and provided augmented support for the model. The MSDT was conceptually and mathematically compared to the unequal-variance signal detection theory and the dual-process signal detection model (Yonelinas, 1994), and provided a more comprehensive account of the studied memory phenomena. Because attentive people yield a higher number of active nodes than attentive, and a lower variability in the activation threshold, the former group performs better and yields a higher ratio of new to old item variability than the latter. The MSDT also account for higher level of false alarms in inattentive than attentive, and suggests that the difference in new to old item variability is a result of increased new item variability relative that of old items. Further, the model provides a unified account of item- and response variability. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Studiet av igenkänningsminne har varit centralt i minneslitteraturen under mer än ett århundrade, vilket har resulterat i ökad förståelse för hur olika minnesprocesser fungeraroch interagerar vid inkodning, lagring och framplockning av minnen. Igenkänningsminne är vanligtvis förklarat av mät-modeller och statistiska modeller vilka härstammar från tvåprocess teori och signal detektions teori. I denna avhandling jämförs de mest populära modellerna av igenkänningsminne med en ny implementering av variansteorin (Sikström, 2001), för att förklara frekvens och familjaritets effekter, och en ny modell av konfidens och<br/><br> responsvariabilitet, kallad MSDT (den multidimensionella signal detektions teorin).<br/><br> Huvudsyftet med avhandlingen är att studera effekterna av tidigare kunskap på igenkänningsminne, vilket sker med beteende-, elektrofysiologiska och modellerings metoder.<br/><br> I studie 1 introduceras ett nytt paradigm för att studera frekvens och familjaritetseffekter där igenkänningsminne testades på vanliga och ovanliga namn vilka varierade i celebritet.<br/><br> Paradigmet testades med flera tekniker som ger en detaljerad beskrivning av celebritets och frekvenseffekter på igenkänningsminne i fyra experiment. Denna studie visade att igenkänning av kända och okända namn med hög och låg frekvens är kopplat till specifik<br/><br> och icke-specifik kunskap. Inkodning av namn på kända personer resulterade i högre minnesprestation jämfört med okända namn, samt framplockning av mer och detaljerad kontextuell information. Resultaten tolkades i enlighet med två-process teori, där de positiva effekterna av celebritet relaterades till minnesprocessen erinring (fri översättning av ”recollection”), och de negativa effekterna av frekvens relaterades till minnesprocessen bekantskap (fri översättning av ”familiarity”).<br/><br> I studie 2 undersöktes effekter av tidigare kunskap på igenkänningsminne med metoden Event-Related Potentials (ERP), med vilken elektrofysiologiska signaturer av kognitiva 11 processer kan kopplas till experimentella manipulationer. Mer specifikt undersöktes<br/><br> huruvida de elektrofysiologiska signaturer som tidigare kopplats till processerna bekantskap och erinring, FN400 (Mecklinger, 2006) och den sena positiva komponenten (LPC, se Rugg &amp; Yonelinas, 2003) respektive, induceras av frekvens och celebritet. I ett andra experiment undersöktes den påstådda kopplingen mellan konceptuell priming och bekantskap (Paller, Voss &amp; Boehm, 2007). Beteenderesultaten replikerade fynden från studie 1, och ERP analysen visade att lågfrekventa namn gav upphov till FN400, emedan celebritet i högre utsträckning än frekvens inducerade den sena positiva komponenten (LPC). Experiment 2 visade att bekantskap (FN400 komponenten) inte var relaterad till konceptuell priming.<br/><br> I studie 3 användes namnparadigmet för att replikera fynden från studie 1, och en ny implementering av variansteorin (Sikström, 2001) användes för att förklara dessa fynd. I två experiment studerades item minne, källminne och associativt minne med namnparadigmet, och fynden från studie 1 och 2 replikerades. I VT definierades celebritet som pre-experimentell inkodning av stimulus, där framplockning av tidigare inkodade stimulus ökar input till noder i nätverket eftersom det framplockade stimulus har hög koherens med tidigare inkodning av stimulus. Frekvens påverkar standardavvikelsen för input till nätverket, men inte storleken på input, eftersom hög frekvens är implementerat som ett högre antal pre-experimentella kontexter.<br/><br> I Studie 4 introducerades en ny modell av konfidensdata (ROC kurvor) – MSDT. MSDT beskriver minne med tre parametrar, liknande signal detektions teori (SDT), men introducerar en icke-linjaritet i konventionell SDT, baserar sig på en binomialfördelning snarare än en normalfördelning av de underliggande distributionerna samt ger en<br/><br> multidimensionell förklaring av minnesfenomen. MSDT sätter upp nya prediktioner vilka testades på och bekräftades av data från personer med varierande nivå av uppmärksamhet (ADHD och friska kontroller). Modellen jämfördes med en variant av SDT i där de underliggande distributionerna antas ha olika varians, samt en två-process modell (Yonelinas, 1994). MSDT gav både en kvalitativt och kvantitativt bättre förklaring av empiriska data av ord igenkänning. Enligt modellen har uppmärksamma individer ett högre antal aktiva noder vid framplockning, och en lägre variabilitet i aktiveringströskeln jämfört med icke-uppmärksamma individer. Detta resulterade i högre minnesprestation och en lägre kvot av konfidensvariabilitet för studerade och icke studerade ord för uppmärksamma deltagare. MSDT ger även en förklaring till varför ickeuppmärksamma individer accepterar fler ostuderade stimulus som studerade jämfört med uppmärksamma individer, och föreslår att skillnader i variabilitet för studerade och ostuderade stimuli uppstår som ett resultat av variabilitet i distributionen för ostuderade stimulus, snarare än i den för studerade. Modeller ger även en enhetlig förklaring av konfidensdata och responsvariabilitet. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/80459f0e-60f2-4e8b-b308-b27cd52afb56 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5974287/4022274.pdf application/pdf 3106302 no Department of Psychology, Lund University 2013 eng Recognition memory Episodic memory Pre-experimental familiarity Event-Related Potentials Item variability Receiver-Operating Characteristics Computational Models Psychology 978-91-7473-631-1 and 978-91-7473-632-8 4022268 214 2013-10-04T10:00:00+02:00 80459f0e-60f2-4e8b-b308-b27cd52afb56 2016-04-04T12:18:13+02:00 2025-10-30T13:03:04Z 2016-04-04T12:18:13+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e395fd28-fe3c-4175-b821-5c6cfaf04dbb 2025-11-28T09:16:00Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Hall B, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Getingevägen 60, Lund 1 Nils Lenngren author 59f3bdb9-9283-4702-8eea-5b0c977d34e3 Tönu Pullerits supervisor 1a6e169b-080b-4ecc-8710-781e9193ce88 Donatas Zigmantas supervisor 2c4caa4e-581f-497f-81b1-596641f6fd92 Karel Zidek supervisor a99c5e3d-79f8-42ea-936e-2fc72388149a Gregory Scholes opponent Princeton University NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Chemical Physics v1000658 department Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with quantum<br/><br> confinement. This thesis uses various time-resolved spectroscopic<br/><br> techniques to study ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in colloidal CdSe quantum dots that are important both from a theoretical point of view and for their relevance for solar cell applications. Using 2D electronic spectroscopy, we follow charge carrier relaxation and trapping, demonstrating the power and relevance of this technique to QDs. The 2D spectroscopy and other ultrafast techniques allow us to distinguish between trap states with different characteristics with respect to energy level, lifetime and localization. We characterize energy transfer in films of QDs of different sizes, using ultrafast experiments and a detailed theoretical description of the film and QD geometry. Electron and hole transfer is affected by trapping, by the shell in core–shell structures, and by charging of the QD during injection of several excited electrons. Finally, we study the formation and decay of multiple excitons in QDs. Together, the techniques reveal a rich picture of processes and show how these can be controlled for more efficient solar cells. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Vad händer när en halvledarkristall blir väldigt liten? Ett halvledarmaterials optiska och elektriska egenskaper hänger ihop med hur partiklarna som bär elektrisk laddning, elektroner och hål, uppför sig. (En elektron är en negativt laddad partikel. Ett hål kan beskrivas som en positivt laddad bubbla i ett hav av elektroner, och precis som med bubblor är det ibland enklare att titta på hålen än på allt runtomkring dem.) En tillräckligt stor halvledarkristall är praktiskt taget oändligt stor för laddningsbärarna, men när kristallen blir så liten att den hindrar laddningsbärarnas rörelse påverkas också deras beteende, som om de har drabbats av klaustrofobi. Till exempel förändras halvledarens förmåga att ta upp, absorbera, ljus beroende på kristallens storlek. Detta fenomen kan beskrivas med hjälp av kvantmekanik, och kristaller som är små nog att stänga in laddningsbärare kallas därför kvantprickar.<br/><br> <br/><br> Ett välundersökt material för kvantprickar är kadmiumselenid. Kvantprickar av kadmiumselenid är några nanometer (nano- betyder miljarddels) stora, och består av hundratals till tusentals atomer. De är bland annat lätta att framställa uppslammade i lösning, så kallade kolloidala kvantprickar. Det går också att ha ett annat material, till exempel zinksulfid, som ett skal runt kadmiumseleniden, vilket ger en så kallad kärn–skalkvantprick. För att kvantprickarna ska vara lösliga i olika lösningsmedel eller gå att fästa på ett underlag täcks de med molekyler, så kallade täckmedel, till exempel fettsyran oljesyra.<br/><br> <br/><br> Solceller är ofta gjorda av halvledare som absorberar ljus, och därför är det lätt att fråga sig om kvantprickar kan vara användbara i solceller, eftersom man kan styra hur de absorberar ljus. Det visar sig också att kvantprickar har flera andra egenskaper som kan göra solceller effektivare. I den här avhandlingen har vi studerat några sådana egenskaper och hur de påverkar processer i kvantprickar.<br/><br> <br/><br> Många intressanta processer i kvantprickar sker väldigt snabbt, på en tidsskala från nanosekunder till femtosekunder (miljondels nanosekunder). För att kunna studera dem har vi därför använt korta laserpulser, som gör att vi kan följa vad som händer efter att kvantprickarna absorberat ljus. Vi kan till exempel följa deras absorptionsförmåga (transient absorption) eller hur de sänder ut ljus igen (tidsupplöst fluorescens). En särskilt avancerad metod som vi har använt är 2D-spektroskopi, som kallas så för att den ger hög upplösning i två dimensioner, både vilken ljusenergi som kvantpricken tar upp från början och vilka olika energier som den sedan absorberar.<br/><br> <br/><br> När kvantprickar tar upp ljus kan en elektron ta upp energin i ljuset och lämna ett hål efter sig. Tillsammans kallas elektron–hålparet en exciton. Likt en nyuppblåst såpbubbla ändrar excitonen på sig, relaxerar, tills den hittat sin lägsta energi, som<br/><br> den sedan behåller tills såpbubblan spricker eller elektronen och hålet återförenas. Vi har följt relaxeringen med 2D-spektroskopi och sett detaljer som inte tidigare har kunnat ses.<br/><br> <br/><br> Medan de relaxerar kan elektronen och hålet i en exciton fastna i så kallade fällor, som är tillstånd som de sedan har svårt att komma loss ifrån. Fällor uppstår vid oregelbundenheter i kristallen, till exempel vid täckmedelsmolekylerna på ytan. Vi har tittat på olika sorters fällor med både 2D-spektroskopi och andra metoder.<br/><br> <br/><br> För att kvantprickar ska kunna användas i solceller måste elektronen och hålet skiljas åt, genom att en av dem överförs till ett annat material, injiceras. Det kan också vara praktiskt att överföra hela excitonen från kvantprick till kvantprick. Vi har följt dessa överföringsprocesser och hur de påverkas av kvantprickarnas egenskaper och andra processer.<br/><br> <br/><br> En egenskap hos kvantprickar som kan vara nyttig i solceller är deras förmåga att under vissa omständigheter omvandla en absorberad foton (ljuspartikel) till två eller fler excitoner. För att lära oss mer om denna process har vi imiterat den genom att belysa kvantprickarna med så starkt ljus att en kvantprick kan hinna absorbera flera fotoner från en laserpuls. Sedan har vi följt vad som händer med excitonerna när de relaxerar eller när en elektron injiceras.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sammantaget visar det sig att kvantprickar har många egenskaper som är intressanta i sig, men också är möjliga att styra för att förbättra deras användbarhet i solceller. Förhoppningsvis kan detta leda till billiga och effektiva solceller som bidrar till att lösa världens energiproblem. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e395fd28-fe3c-4175-b821-5c6cfaf04dbb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5985186/8055509.pdf application/pdf 7856323 no Department of Chemistry, Lund University 2015 eng CdSe quantum dots ultrafast spectroscopy charge carrier dynamics Physical Chemistry (including Surface- and Colloid Chemistry) 978-91-7422-411-5 978-91-7422-413-9 8053346 204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp506536h http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp506963q http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja411127w http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl303746d http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz401522h 2015-11-06T10:15:00+01:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Chemical Physics (S) (011001060) e395fd28-fe3c-4175-b821-5c6cfaf04dbb 2016-04-04T12:21:08+02:00 2025-11-28T09:16:00Z 2016-04-04T12:21:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5aabb5c0-d9b6-484f-89e0-e57114bb270e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Blue Hall, Ecology Building, Lund 1 Marie Pettersson author 390081bd-55c9-4bf5-b70e-e5362bcba312 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Colin D. Campbell opponent The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK. Department of Biology v1000601 department Microbial Ecology v1001404 department Microbial Ecology research group The soil bacterial community is under the constant influence of its environment. Changing any of the factors affecting the bacterial community will induce a selection pressure which, with time, will change the community. In this work the effect of changing the temperature or pH on the soil bacterial community was studied. Measurements using the [3H]-thymidine incorporation technique showed that the soil bacterial community had an optimum temperature for growth and activity between 25 and 30°C. Compared to fungi, the soil bacterial community was more adapted to higher temperatures (above 30°C) and vice versa at low temperatures (below 10°C). Below optimum temperatures for growth the temperature dependency of the bacterial community was well modelled by the square root (Ratkowsky) model. When measuring instantaneous respiration at different temperatures an uncoupling was found between respiration rate and bacterial activities at temperatures above 30°C, indicating that respiration might not be an accurate activity measurement at higher temperatures.<br/><br> <br/><br> Adaptation of the soil bacterial community to higher temperature occurred when increasing the temperature from 5 to 30°C, but later decreasing it from 30 to 5°C had a much smaller effect. Thus, the turnover rate of the bacterial community, which is lower at 5°C than at 30°C, affected the rate of adaptation. When increasing the temperature, the change in PLFA pattern was faster than the change in community temperature tolerance, indicating changes due to phenotypic plasticity.<br/><br> <br/><br> The effect of changing the pH of the soil bacterial community has also been studied. The temperature influenced the rate of adaptation to higher pH of the soil bacterial community after liming from pH 4.9 to pH 7.5. The community tolerance to high pH increased fastest at the highest temperature (30°C) and slowest at the lowest temperature (5°C). The change in phospholipid fatty acids showed a similar pattern, although the changes were slower, indicating changes in species composition. Moreover, the rate of change of the bacterial community tolerance to pH was not correlated to the effect of temperature on bacterial activity, indicating that the rate of adaptation and the turnover of the bacterial community were not directly correlated.<br/><br> <br/><br> The bacterial recolonisation after fumigation (used to kill 99% of the bacteria) was studied in limed and unlimed soil inoculated with high (6.1) or low pH (4.9) soil. The rate of recolonisation was found to be faster in the limed soil than in the unlimed one. The fastest recolonisation was found when the limed soil was inoculated with a high pH soil, indicating that the intrinsic properties of the soil bacterial community are important for the development of a community after a perturbative event. The bacterial community tolerance to high pH was also highest for this soil during the 78 days of the experiment, indicating that the effect of the inoculum was a long-lasting one. Studies of the development of community structure during recolonisation using PLFA and DGGE analysis revealed that changes in these measurements coincided with the change in function (community pH tolerance and activity) of the soil bacterial community. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Jorden i vår natur är en mycket komplex miljö som innehåller en mängd olika organismer. Bland dessa är bakterier och svampar av störst betydelse eftersom de står för en stor del av nedbrytningen av olika ämnen. Jordbakterierna utför t.ex. många av ämnesomvandlingarna av kväve, svavel och fosfor i marken. Nedbrytningen frigör näringsämnen som sedan kan utnyttjas av växterna.<br/><br> <br/><br> Bakterierna i marken är mycket talrika. Man brukar uppskatta dem till ca 100.000.000 stycken per gram jord. Hur många arter det finns är ännu okänt, men man tror att det kanske kan vara så många som 10.000 till 1.000.000 i ett gram jord. Trots att det finns mängder med kol (föda) i jorden lever bakterierna den mesta tiden i ett tillstånd av svält. Detta beror på att mycket av kolet som finns är bundet svårnedbrytbara föreningar.<br/><br> <br/><br> Kunskaper om hur bakteriesamhället i marken tillväxer och förändras under olika förutsättningar kan t.ex. vara av betydelse för förståelsen för vad som händer om medeltemperaturen på jorden förändras p.g.a. växthuseffekten. En ökad temperatur skulle kunna medföra att bakterierna tillväxte snabbare och genom sin andning återförde en större mängd kol till atmosfären, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna leda till ytterligare uppvärmning. Kalkning av sura marker är idag vanligt, men vad händer egentligen med bakteriesamhället och dess funktion efteråt? Kunskap om bakteriesamhällen i jorden kan också vara viktig vid marksanering och för förståelsen för hur tillgången av växtnäringsämnen i jorden regleras.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det finns en mängd omvärldsfaktorer som kan påverka bakteriesamhället i marken. Exempel på sådana faktorer är temperatur, pH, vattenhalt i jorden, näringstillgång m.m. Ibland inträffar något som rubbar en eller flera av dessa faktorer, t.ex. en pH-höjning efter kalkning. Detta leder till olika typer av förändringar i bakteriesamhället som gör det bättre anpassat till de nya förutsättningarna. Det kan vara att vissa arter bättre rustade för den nya miljön gynnas, medan andra konkurreras ut, små förändringar av egenskaper hos de bakterier som finns i samhället, eller genomslag av en muterad bakterie med nya egenskaper, som ger den bättre förutsättningar att klara sig i den nya miljön än de andra. Kunskapen om hur och med vilken hastighet sådana förändringar sker är begränsad. Av intresse är också om förändringar i bakteriesamhället efter fluktuationer i omvärlden är kopplade till den ursprungliga sammansättningen av samhället, eller inte. Detta och en del relaterade frågor har jag undersökt i min avhandling.<br/><br> <br/><br> De faktorer vars inverkan jag huvudsakligen studerade var temperatur och pH, samt betydelsen av den ursprungliga sammansättningen av bakteriesamhället för dess förmåga att anpassa sig till nya omvärldsfaktorer. Jag undersökte vad som händer med ett bakteriesamhälle om en omvärldsfaktor förändras, dels hur snabbt bakteriesamhället anpassar sig till de nya förhållandena och dels hur samhällets struktur (artsammansättning) förändras.<br/><br> <br/><br> Temperaturen är en mycket viktig faktor eftersom den till stor del bestämmer bakteriernas tillväxthastighet. Ju högre temperatur, desto snabbare tillväxer bakterierna, tills deras optimala temperatur är nådd. Jag undersökte hur snabbt bakteriesamhället i en humusjord anpassar sig till olika temperaturer, samt hur olika temperaturer påverkar anpassningshastigheten till ett högre pH efter att man kalkat den sura jorden. I den humusjord jag studerade växte bakteriesamhället snabbast mellan 25 och 30°C medan ca 45°C var den högsta temperatur det klarade av att växa vid. Det fanns en skillnad i temperaturanpassning mellan bakterier och svampar i marken, där bakterierna var mer anpassade till högre temperaturer (över 30°C) än svampar och vice versa vid låga temperaturer (under 10°C). När temperaturen i en humusjord höjdes från 5 till 30°C skedde en anpassning till den nya temperaturen, medan en senare sänkning från 30 till 5°C endast hade liten inverkan på bakteriesamhällets temperaturanpassning. Höjningen av temperaturen medförde både en ökad anpassning till den nya temperaturen och en förändring av strukturen i bakteriesamhället. De strukturella förändringarna var snabbare än temperaturanpassningen, vilket kan betyda att förändringarna skedde hos de bakterier som redan fanns där från början.<br/><br> <br/><br> I ett annat försök kalkades en humusjord med ett lågt pH på 4,9 till ett högt pH på 7,5 och fick sedan stå i 5, 20 eller 30°C. Anpassningen till det högre pH-värdet var snabbast vid den högsta temperaturen (30°C) och långsammast vid den lägsta temperaturen (5°C). Anpassningen till det nya pH-värdet var snabbare än de strukturella förändringarna i bakteriesamhället, vilket kan bero på att det tar längre tid för artförändringar att synas eftersom de gamla bakterierna måste dö och brytas ner och nya växa till innan någon förändring syns. Jag upptäckte också att hastigheten med vilken bakteriesamhället anpassade sig till det högre pH-värdet inte var sammankopplad med temperaturens inverkan på bakteriernas aktivitet. Med andra ord; trots att aktiviteten hos bakterierna var sju gånger högre vid 20°C än vid 5°C var inte skillnaden i anpassningshastighet lika stor, d.v.s. anpassningshastigheten och omsättningshastigheten var inte direkt beroende av varandra.<br/><br> <br/><br> Jag undersökte även hur ursprungssammansättningen av ett bakteriesamhälle i en humusjord påverkar dess förmåga att anpassa sig efter en höjning av pH-värdet. Först eliminerade jag större delen av bakterierna i jorden genom att behandla dem med kloroform. Därefter kalkades jorden (se ovan) och lite jord med lågt pH (4,9) eller högt pH (6,1) tillsattes som ymp. Sedan skedde en återkolonisering av bakterier i jordarna samtidigt som en anpassning till det högre pH-värdet efter kalkningen ägde rum. Denna anpassning avspeglade egenskaperna hos de bakterier som blivit inympade. Bakteriesamhället i jorden med hög-pH-ymp anpassade sig snabbt till det högre pH-värdet efter kalkningen. En anpassning skedde också i jorden med låg-pH-ymp. Men bakteriesamhället i den sistnämnda jorden var markant mindre anpassat till ett högt pH än bakteriesamhället i jorden med en hög-pH-ymp, även ca 80 dagar efter starten av försöket. Man kan därför säga att egenskaperna hos ursprungssammansättningen av bakteriesamhället bestämde hur bra samhället anpassade sig efter kalkningen. I denna studie kom jag även fram till att bakteriesamhällets anpassning till ett högt pH hängde samman med förändringar av strukturen, d.v.s. artsammansättningen i bakteriesamhället. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5aabb5c0-d9b6-484f-89e0-e57114bb270e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6000591/1693178.pdf application/pdf 842175 no Marie Pettersson, Högbovägen 1F, 227 31 Lund, Sweden, 2004 eng virology mycology Mikrobiologi bakteriologi virologi mykologi Plant ecology Växtekologi bacteriology Microbiology DGGE PLFA TdR-incorporation function structure tolerance adaptation pH soil bacterial community temperature Ecology (including Biodiversity Conservation) 91-628-5928-5 466687 ISRN: SE-LUNBDS/NBME-04/1022+122pp 122 2004-02-26T10:00:00+01:00 Article: IPietikäinen, J., Pettersson, M. & Bååth, E.Comparison of Temperature Effects on Soil Respiration and Bacterial and Fungal Growth Rates.Submitted. Article: IIPettersson, M. & Bååth, E. (2003)Temperature-Dependent Changes in the Soil Bacterial Community in Limed and Unlimed Soil.FEMS Microbiology Ecology 45: 13-21. Article: IIIPettersson, M. & Bååth, E. (2003)The Rate of Change of a Soil Bacterial Community after Liming as a Function of Temperature.Microbial Ecology 46: 177-186. Article: IVPettersson, M. & Bååth, E.Effects of the Properties of the Bacterial Community on pH Adaptation during Recolonisation of a Humus Soil.Submitted. Article: VPettersson, M. & Bååth, E.Relationship between Structure and Function of Bacterial Communities during Recolonisation of a Humus Soil.Submitted. Article: VIBååth, E., Pettersson, M. & Söderberg, K. H. (2001)Adaptation of a Rapid and Economical Microcentrifugation Method to Measure Thymidine and Leucine Incorporation by Soil Bacteria.Soil Biology & Biochemistry 33: 1571-1574. Article: Papers II, III and VI are reproduced by permission from the copyright holders,Elsevier Science (II, VI) and Springer-Verlag (III). The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Microbial Ecology (Closed 2011) (011008001) 5aabb5c0-d9b6-484f-89e0-e57114bb270e 2016-04-04T12:25:09+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:25:09+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:27b6932f-81a9-4e6c-9579-80bbce1c0473 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lecture Hall B 1 Benoit Lafitte author ec7b4037-7fad-41b4-961d-9ec3f369ed0b Patric Jannasch supervisor 0b8f86b2-c4e7-480e-8d31-b613829e5a04 Dr. Bruno Améduri opponent Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry, UMR (CNRS) 5076, Ecole Nat Sup de Chimie de Montpellier, Fra Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is currently emerging as an efficient and environmentally friendly power source. The technology is very complex and relies ultimately on materials and components which need further development. One of the major hurdles for advancing the PEMFC technology is currently the demand for new durable low-cost polymeric membranes that will allow fuel cell operation at high temperatures without extensive humidification requirements. Thus, the design and preparation of functional high-performance proton-conducting membranes with the critical set of properties is a major challenge for polymer and materials chemists around the world today. In this context, major efforts are directed towards different durable aromatic main-chain ionomers. In the present thesis project, new fuel cell membrane materials based on polysulfones (PSUs) functionalized with sulfonated or phosphonated moieties via lithiation chemistry have been designed, synthesized and investigated. PSUs are high performance thermoplastics with excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. By isolating the ionic sites on side chains, away from the polymer main chain, the nanophase separation between the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic domains of the hydrated membrane may be manipulated and influenced, which in turn may provide membranes with balanced water sorption characteristics.<br/><br> <br/><br> Membranes with controlled water uptake were obtained by attaching the sulfonic acid unit to stiff aromatic side chains. This was conveniently achieved by reacting lithiated PSU with 2-sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride in a one-pot reaction. In order to increase the length of the aromatic spacers, a new pathway was developed where lithiated PSU was reacted with 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride. This afforded PSUs with pendant fluorobenzoyl side chains in which the fluoride groups are activated for nucleophilic substitution. As a result, a wide range of nucleophiles may be used to further substitute the polymer. In an initial effort, the activated fluoride groups were replaced by sulfophenoxy or sulfonaphthoxy units in a potassium carbonate-mediated nucleophilic substitution reaction. This reaction proceeded under full conversion and the degree of substitution was easily controlled by the degree of lithiation in the first step. Using a similar methodology, PSUs carrying di- and trisulfonated aromatic side chains were successfully synthesized. In particular, membranes based on a PSU main chain carrying disulfonated napthoxybenzoyl side chains exhibited a distinct phase separation between the hydrophobic polymer main chain and the hydrophilic sulfonated side chains, and formed a well-defined and efficient network of water-filled nanopores. The latter resulted in excellent proton conductivity at controlled levels of water uptake in contrast to conventional sulfonated aromatic polymers.<br/><br> <br/><br> The investigation of alternative acidic moieties is also of great interest since desulfonation may become a critical issue at high temperatures. This has motivated the search for ionomers based on phosphonic acid units, which generally have a higher hydrothermal stability than sulfonic acid units. Phosphonated PSU was successfully prepared by reacting lithiated PSU with chlorophosphonic acid esters. However, as underlined in a recent literature review, the acidity of phosphonic acid units directly attached to aromatic rings was too low to result in reasonable levels of water uptake. An original approach was therefore developed in which PSU with pendant iodinated benzoyl side chains were prepared via lithiation chemistry. The latter polymer was then further modified to yield the more acidic ?CF2PO3H2 units located on aromatic side chains. Membranes based on ionomers having 0.90 mmol of phosphonic acid units/g of dry polymer took up 6 wt% water when immersed at room temperature, and levels of conductivity comparable to those reached by a membrane based on a sulfonated polysulfone having 0.86 mmol of sulfonic acid/g of dry polymer were recorded. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Polymerelektrolytbränslecellen utmärker sig som en framtida effektiv och miljövänlig kraftkälla för bland annat fordon. Den bakomliggande teknologin är dock komplex och grundar sig till stor del på material och komponenter som kräver ytterliggare utveckling. En av de största hindren för bränslecellsteknologins utveckling är kravet på nya, långlivade och billiga polymermembran som tillåter bränslecellen att fungera vid höga temperaturer utan krav på omfattande uppfuktning. Utvecklingen av protonledande membran med en sådan egenskapsprofil utgör idag en verklig utmaning för polymer- och materialkemister världen över. I detta sammanhang riktas stora satsningar mot ett antal olika kemiskt stabila jon-innehållande aromatiska polymerer. Inom ramen för detta doktorandprojekt har nya bränslecellsmembran baserade på aromatiska polysulfoner med funktionella sulfon- eller fosfongrupper designats, syntetiserats och undersökts. Polysulfoner är högpresterande termoplaster med utmärkta kemiska, mekaniska och termiska egenskaper. Genom att isolera de joniska sätena på polymerens sidokedjor ? långt från dess huvudkedja ? kan den nanometriska fasseparationen mellan de hydrofoba och hydrofila domänerna i membranen manipuleras. Detta kan i sin tur ge upphov till membran med goda egenskaper, framför allt en välbalanserad vattenupptagningsförmåga.<br/><br> <br/><br> Membran med en kontrollerad vattenupptagningsförmåga framställdes genom att fästa sulfonsyraenheter på molekylärt styva aromatiska sidokedjor. Detta kunde åstadkommas genom att reagera litierad PSU med 2-sulfobensoesyraanhydrid. Längden på de aromatiska sidokedjorna kunde ökas genom utvecklandet av en ny reaktionsväg där litierade polysulfoner fick reagera med 4-fluorobensoylklorid. Detta gav upphov till polymerer med fluorobensoyl-sidokedjor. Fluoratomerna i dessa kedjor var aktiverade för nukleofil substitution, vilket innebar att en mängd olika nukleofiler kunde användas för att vidare modifiera polymeren. I ett första experimentellt försök byttes de aktiverade fluoridgrupperna ut mot sulfofenoxi- eller sulfonaftoxienheter i en nukleofil substitution, katalyserad av kaliumkarbonat. Denna reaktion gick till full omsättning och substitutionsgraden kunde enkelt kontrolleras genom litieringsgraden av polymeren i det första steget. Genom att använda en snarlik metodik kunde polymerer med di- och trisulfonerade aromatiska sidokedjor syntetiseras. I synnerhet membran baserade på en polysulfonhuvudkedja med sidokedjor av disulfonerad naftoxibenzoyl påvisade en tydlig fasseparation mellan de hydrofoba huvudkedjorna och de hydrofila sulfonerade sidokejorna, och kunde därmed bilda ett väldefinerat nätverk av vattenfyllda nanoporer. Detta nätverk gav upphov till en utmärkt protonledning och en välkontrollerad vattenupptagning, i motsats till konventionellt sulfonerade aromatiska polymerer.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det var också av stort intresse att undersöka alternativa syraenheter då desulfonering kan vara en kritisk faktor vid höga temperaturer. Jonomerer baserade på fosfonsyraenheter har normalt en högre hydrotermisk stabilitet jämfört med sulfonsyraenheter, och är därför intressanta i detta sammanhang. En fosfonerad polysulfon framställdes genom att reagera litierad polysulfon med klorofosfonsyraestrar. Koncentrationen av dessa fosfonsyraenheter, som fästes direkt på de aromatiska ringarna i polysulfonen, var dock för låg för att ge upphov till ett tillräcklig vattenupptag och protonledning. Detta problem kunde kringgås på ett originellt sätt genom att först syntetisera en polymer med joderade bensoylsidokedjor med hjälp av litieringskemi. Polysulfonen modifierades sedan ytterliggare med syfte att koppla sura -CF2PO3H2 grupper på de aromatiska sidokedjorna. Membran framställda från polymerer med 0.90 mmol fosfonsyraenheter per gram torr polymer tog upp 6 vikts-% vatten efter att ha sänkts ned i vatten vid rumstemperatur. Ledningsförmågan hos detta membran visade sig dessutom vara jämförbar med membran baserade på en sulfonerad polysulfon med 0.86 mmol sulfonsyra per gram torr polymer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/27b6932f-81a9-4e6c-9579-80bbce1c0473 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6001333/548018.pdf application/pdf 3521528 no Division of Polymer & Materials Chemistry 2007 eng Macromolecular chemistry Makromolekylär kemi Material technology Materiallära materialteknik chemical modification lithiation fuel cells polyelectrolyte sulfonated polymers proton-conducting polymer membranes polysulfone phosphonated polymers Chemical Sciences 978-91-7422-146-6 548017 207 2007-02-26T10:15:00+01:00 <div class="article_info">Benoît Lafitte, Lina Karlsson and Patric Jannasch. <span class="article_issue_date">2002</span>. <span class="article_title">Sulfophenylation of Polysulfones for Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell Membranes.</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Macromolecular Rapid Communications</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 23</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 896-900</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Wiley-VCH</span></div> <div class="article_info">Benoît Lafitte, Mario Puchner and Patric Jannasch. <span class="article_issue_date">2005</span>. <span class="article_title">Proton Conducting Polysulfone Ionomers Carrying Sulfoaryloxybenzoyl Side Chains</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Macromolecular Rapid Communications</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 26</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 1464-1468</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Wiley-VCH</span></div> <div class="article_info">Benoît Lafitte and Patric Jannasch. <span class="article_issue_date"></span>. <span class="article_title">Proton-Conducting Aromatic Polymers Carrying Hypersulfonated Side Chains for Fuel Cell Applications</span> (manuscript)</div> <div class="article_info">Benoît Lafitte and Patric Jannasch. <span class="article_issue_date">2005</span>. <span class="article_title">Phosphonation of Polysulfones via Lithiation and Reaction with Chlorophosphonic Acid Esters</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 43</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 273-286</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Wiley</span></div> <div class="article_info">Benoît Lafitte and Patric Jannasch. <span class="article_issue_date">2007</span>. <span class="article_title">Polysulfone Ionomers Functionalized with Benzoyl(difluoromethylenephosphonic acid) Side Chains for Proton-Conducting Fuel-Cell Membranes</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 45</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 269-283</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Wiley</span></div> <div class="article_info">Benoît Lafitte and Patric Jannasch. <span class="article_issue_date">2007</span>. <span class="article_title">On the Prospects for Phosphonated Polymers as Proton-Exchange Fuel Cell Membranes</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Advances in Fuel Cells</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 1</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 119-185</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Elsevier</span></div> The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Polymer and Materials Chemistry (LTH) (011001041) 27b6932f-81a9-4e6c-9579-80bbce1c0473 2016-04-04T12:25:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:25:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:360dc59c-dc0f-4fa2-9d20-4c106524029f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published GK lecture hall BMC 1 Niclas Nilsson author a891b7a6-aab5-44de-9cd7-73bd22ad56a4 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Associate Professor Helgi Schiöth opponent Department of Experimental Medical Science v1000350 department Intercellular communication is of crucial importance in regulating physiology and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have evolved as an important mechanism in this process. Of the approximately 800 human GPCRs, about 160 are still considered to be “orphan” receptors for which an endogenous ligand remains to be identified. Since an estimated 50% of all clinical drugs act on 30 known GPCRs, the remaining orphan receptors provide excellent, potential new drug targets.<br/><br> <br/><br> Orphan receptors were selected using known receptor sequences as templates and subsequently cloned into expressing plasmids that were then stably transfected into luciferase-based reporter cells. An orphan receptor was found to be the second GPCR, BLT2, activated by the pro-inflammatory molecule leukotriene B4.<br/><br> <br/><br> Through use of a library of orphan receptors, potential ligands were screened for activity by applying reversed pharmacology. This approach led to the discovery of the novel receptor (FFA1R) for medium- to long-chain free fatty acids, previously known as the orphan receptor GPR40. Significantly, this receptor was found to be expressed on e.g. pancreatic beta-cells and to mediate the fatty acid augmentation of glucose stimulated insulin secretion. The clinically used anti-diabetic drugs, thiazolidinediones, also activate FFA1R expressed on reporter cells.<br/><br> <br/><br> It was discovered that FFA2R and FFA3R (GPR43 and GPR41) are activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Being abundantly expressed on blood leukocytes, FFA2R may act as the mediator in SCFA-induced immune suppression in the intestinal tract. A recent proposal links FFA3R to leptin secretion by adipose tissue. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Oberoende av om det är i ett samhälle, datornätverk eller organen i en mänsklig kropp, så är behovet av kommunikation stort i en komplex miljö. Eftersom den komplicerade människokroppen är beroende av kommunikation för att reglera funktioner, skickas otaliga mängder signaler oavbrutet. För att signalerna skall vara meningsfulla så måste de kunna tas emot och behandlas. Behovet av specifika mottagare för att kunna urskilja enskilda signaler är uppenbar, som t.ex. signalen att en muskel skall användas, näsan känner en doft eller att en infektion skall angripas. Kroppen har löst detta med hjälp av en stor mängd mottagarmolekyler (receptorer) som sitter på ytan av celler och fångar upp dessa signaler.<br/><br> <br/><br> Receptorer fungerar som ett lås där en korrekt signalmolekyl agerar nyckel och låser up - aktiverar mottagarreceptorn. För att kunna reglera de komplexa mekanismerna i kroppen finns många olika typer av receptorer. Den största gruppen besläktade receptorer är de så kallade G-protein kopplade receptorerna. När den korrekta signalmolekylen aktiverar dessa receptorer så skickar de i sin tur vidare uppgifter om lämpliga åtgärder in i cellen via G-proteiner. Totalt i den mänskliga kroppen finns närmare tusen olika receptorer av den här typen, men många av dessa är helt okända och vi saknar kunskap om deras aktiverande signalmolekyl, var de finns och vilken roll de spelar den mänskliga fysiologin.<br/><br> <br/><br> Ungefär hälften av dagens läkemedel fungerar genom att påverka dessa receptorer på ett eller annat sätt. T.ex. kan förhöjt blodtryck kompenseras genom att en receptors signalförmåga blockeras (t.ex. beta-blockare). Eftersom flera hundra receptorer idag inte är karakteriserade finns det en enorm läkemedelspotential inom denna grupp av receptorer.<br/><br> <br/><br> Målet med detta arbete har varit att identifiera sådan okända receptorer, sätta in dem i ett molekylärt system för att hitta den korrekta signalmolekylen och klargöra hur och vilka av kroppens organ som påverkas. Detta är ett är projekt där det inte går att förutsäga processens gång, eller dess slutgiltiga mål, men som stimulerar till ett nyfiket utforskande.<br/><br> <br/><br> Denna upptäcktsresa bland okända receptorer ledde fram till karakteriseringen av fyra nya receptorer, vilka beskrivs mera ingående i detta arbete. Den första identifierades som den andra receptorn för LTB4, som är involverad i immunförsvarets inflammatoriska process. På ytan av pankreasceller påträffades vidare en receptor som aktiveras av mellanlånga till långa fettsyror (10 till 18 kolatomer i kedjelängd) och medverkar i regleringen av insulinfrisättningen. Även vissa moderna diabetesläkemedel visade sig kunna påverka denna receptor. Den tredje receptorn aktiveras av signaler i form av korta fettsyror (2 till 6 kolatomer i kedjelängd), typiskt sådana som produceras av tarmbakterier. Det har länge varit känt att sådana signaler har förmågan att hämma immunförsvaret och medverkar troligen till att kroppen tillåter en bakterienärvaro i tarmen. Slutgiltigen, identifierades en tredje aktör i den fettsyre-aktiverade receptorfamiljen. Även denna aktiveras av korta fettsyror och föreslogs nyligen att reglera vissa funktioner i fettceller. De tre receptorerna som aktiveras av olika typer fettsyror bildar tillsammans en besläktad underfamilj av G-protein kopplade receptorer.<br/><br> <br/><br> Dessa upptäckter kan bidraga till förstålelsen av fettmetabolism och utvecklingen av nya specifika läkemedel inom områden som diabetes, fetma och immunförsvar. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/360dc59c-dc0f-4fa2-9d20-4c106524029f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6002233/1693101.pdf application/pdf 1291553 no Niclas E Nilsson, Molecular Neurobiology, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden, 2004 eng Klinisk biologi Clinical biology Thiazolidinedione SCFA FFA FFA2R FFA1R GPR43 GPR41 GPR40 BLT2 GPCR Orphan Receptor Basic Medicine 91-628-5964-1 466849 98 2004-04-23T10:15:00+02:00 Article: Paper I - Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding a novel human leukotriene B4 Receptor. Ylva Tryselius, Niclas E. Nilsson, Knut Kotarsky, Björn Olde and Christer Owman. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 Aug 2;274(2):377-382. Article: Paper II - A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs. Knut Kotarsky*, Niclas E. Nilsson*, Erik Flodgren, Christer Owman and Björn Olde. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Feb 7;301(2):406-410. Article: Paper III - Identification of a free fatty acid receptor, FFA2R, expressed on leukocytes and activated by short-chain fatty acids. Niclas E. Nilsson*, Knut Kotarsky*, Christer Owman and Björn Olde. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 April 18;303(4):1047-1052. Article: Paper IV - Characterization of GPR41 as a second receptor now designated FFA3R belonging to the family of free fatty acid receptors and responding to short-chain fatty acids. Niclas E. Nilsson, Knut Kotarsky, Christer Owman, and Björn Olde. Manuscript. 360dc59c-dc0f-4fa2-9d20-4c106524029f 2016-04-04T12:25:34+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:25:34+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d1a0fa34-565a-41cd-a7ed-63f6a3753f1e 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund Universtity Faculty of Engineering, Lund 1 Serena Bisagni author dcd2134b-fcca-4a0e-a3a8-7e00f366cd67 Gashaw Mamo supervisor 7aa4b56f-f1a0-4015-9be1-402b220d0e81 Rajni Hatti-Kaul supervisor eef85695-3bee-46c5-9af0-2dabd0e36cf6 Professor Marco Fraaije opponent University of Groningen (The Netherlands) Biotechnology v1000653 department With the emergence of Green Chemistry, biocatalysis is becoming an important approach in many laboratory and industrial processes. Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions with high regio- and stereoselectivity at mild conditions and, most importantly, are able to form products that are not possible to obtain by conventional synthetic chemistry.<br/><br> Monooxygenases are a fascinating group of enzymes which oxidise substrates using atmospheric oxygen and release water as a by-product. These enzymes have great potential applications and indeed there are already some industrial showcases. Monooxygenases are of different types and one of the important groups is known as Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs).<br/><br> BVMOs oxidise ketones to esters and heteroatoms to the corresponding oxide, which are intersting reactions for pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. To date, several BVMOs have been discovered and characterised; however, there are many limitations, such as poor stability which hindered the wide application of these enzymes. Thus, the search for better BVMOs has continued.<br/><br> This thesis reports the discovery of four BVMOs from the genome sequence of<br/><br> Dietzia sp. D5, a microorganism rich in oxygenases. The genes were cloned and expressed, and two of them were characterised. One of the enzymes, named BVMO3 readily oxidises linear aliphatic ketones. Characterization of the other BVMO, called BVMO4, revealed that it is the second most stable native BVMO ever reported and it oxidises a wide range of substrates. The oxidation of sulfides and aldehydes has been investigated further. Aldehydes were oxidised by this BVMO with a rare regioselectivity, producing carboxylic acid rather than formate ester which is the commonly observed product. Site saturation mutagenesis of selected amino acid residues in the proximity of the active site increased the cyclohexanone oxidation efficiency of BVMO4 by twelve-fold. <b>Popular Abstract in Undetermined</b><br/><br> Most of the things that we use daily are the product of chemical reactions. Plastics derive from the polymerization of smaller molecules, drugs are synthesised rigorously by pharmaceutical industries, and products for the house and personal care contain a number of different chemicals and fragrances. All these compounds are produced by different branches of the chemical industry that rearranges raw material into more complex molecules.<br/><br> Industrial chemical reactions can be subdivided into two categories: classical synthetic reactions and “green” biocatalysed reactions. Classic synthetic approaches often need high temperature and pressure to perform the reaction. Organic reactants are often toxic and generation and maintenance of high temperature and pressure consumes a great amount of energy. In the perspective of a world in which resources are limited and pollution is a problem for mankind, it is important to improve chemical reaction processes with the aim to reduce their energy requirements and to use non-toxic reactants. For this reason biocatalysed reactions are gaining more and more importance.<br/><br> Biocatalysis as the name implies use biological catalysts, often refered as enzymes, to transform the raw material into product. Enzymes are produced by microrganisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. Unlike chemical catalysts, enzymes are biodegradable, require mild conditions (low temperature and atmospheric pressure) to catalyse reactions, they are safe and specific. This thesis work aims at developing enzymes that can be used in the future to catalyse reactions.<br/><br> Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases are enzymes which insert one oxygen atom from atmospheric air into a substrate and release water as a by-product. The classical chemical process to catalyse the same reaction requires strong oxidants, that are toxic and carry a high risk of explosion and corrosion, to catalyse the same reaction. These enzymes can be potentially used to catalyse reactions for the production of drugs, perfumes and other chemicals for various aplications such as in the production of biodegradable polymers, nylon, plastics etc.<br/><br> This thesis focuses on Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) and in particular it deals with the discovery of new enzymes. Since existing BVMOs are rather unstable, meaning they lose the ability to catalyse the reaction in a short time, their application in industrial processes is hindered. Therefore there is a need for new and better industrial enzymes.<br/><br> In this thesis work, four new enzymes are discovered from a bacterium called Dietzia sp. D5. One of these new BVMOs, is relatively stable compared to other enzymes of its kind and catalyses a number of reactions, including the synthesis of a precursor for the anti-inflammatory drug family of profen (the drug marketed as Ipren in Sweden).<br/><br> This enzyme was also manipulated in order to produce more caprolactone, a precursor for the sysnthesis of different polymers. Mutation of the enzyme improved the production of caprolactone by 12-fold.<br/><br> The work behind this thesis is just part of the global effort in moving towards a more sustainable chemical industry. It contributes by identifying a new source of oxygenase and novel BVMOs which can be potentially applied in the future to industrial processes. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d1a0fa34-565a-41cd-a7ed-63f6a3753f1e https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6004005/4689928.pdf application/pdf 7116879 no Division of Biotechnology, Lund University 2014 eng Dietzia Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases biocatalysis enzyme Industrial Biotechnology 4689925 189 2014-10-24T13:15:00+02:00 d1a0fa34-565a-41cd-a7ed-63f6a3753f1e 2016-04-04T12:26:02+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:26:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:51d99107-9cab-4d43-a5df-9e2eb73edcde 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Sal B237, LUX, Helgonavägen 3, Lund 1 Robin Stenwall author 3cb82961-5029-4da9-ae23-64453d6225ee Johannes Persson supervisor d34c8dab-5152-446b-9bb5-69da3a961039 Professor Helen Beebee opponent University of Manchester, England Theoretical Philosophy v1000052 department The subjects of this thesis are (as indicated by the title) truth, grounding and dependence. The thesis consists of an introduction and five free-standing essays. The purpose of the introduction is not merely to summarize the papers, but to provide a general background to the discussions in the essays. The introduction is divided into four chapters, each of which splits into a number of sections and/or subsections. Chapter 1. concerns the notion of ontological dependence. I start by making a distinction between two different types of ontological dependence and discuss how well these notions deal with a number of philosophical issues. I then go on to consider the role that ontological dependence plays in hierarchies of natural kinds. In Chapter 2., I discuss a related notion, namely that of grounding. I sketch the theoretical framework by specifying the logical form of grounding statements and a set of structural principles that govern grounding. The chapter ends with a brief discussion on some philosophical applications of grounding. Chapter 3. deals with the notion of truthmaking and how it squares with the grounding framework developed in the previous chapter. I present the reader with the so-called Truthmaker Principle, and provide answers to a number of questions that it raises. The fourth and final chapter summarizes the five papers. <br/><br> <br/><br> The six essays are divided into three categories. Paper I deals with the notion of ontological dependence in hierarchies of natural kinds. Paper II concerns the notion of grounding and resemblance orderings among powers. Papers III, IV and V discuss various aspects of truthmaker theory. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/51d99107-9cab-4d43-a5df-9e2eb73edcde https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5988710/5335121.pdf application/pdf 463569 no Lund University 2015 eng Truthmaking Grounding Ontological dependence Propositions Necessitarianism Natural kinds. Philosophy 978-91-87833-31-1 5331161 182 2015-05-28T10:00:00+02:00 51d99107-9cab-4d43-a5df-9e2eb73edcde 2016-04-04T12:22:03+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:22:03+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:cd449d6d-bc29-47fa-bdde-485c000ee9e0 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall V:C, V-building Department of Water Resources Engineering, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Aman Mohammad Kalteh author 5e2958c7-25d2-45ad-afdd-8edd3598fbea Ronny Berndtsson supervisor ab2d4a19-e0d4-45fa-8cac-4f6f5474620d Prof. Robin Clarke opponent Institute for Hydraulic Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil Division of Water Resources Engineering v1000225 department Over the last decades or so, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become one of the most promising tools for modelling hydrological processes such as rainfall-runoff processes. In most studies, ANNs have been demonstrated to show superior result compared to the traditional modelling approaches. They are able to map underlying relationships between input and output data without detailed knowledge of the processes under investigation, by finding an optimum set of network parameters through the learning or training process. This thesis considers two types of ANNs, namely, self-organizing map (SOM) and feed-forward multilayer perceptron (MLP).<br/><br> <br/><br> The thesis starts with the issue of understanding of a trained ANN model by using neural interpretation diagram (NID), Garson's algorithm and a randomization approach. Then the applicability of the SOM algorithm within water resources applications is reviewed and compared to the well-known feed-forward MLP. Moreover, the thesis deals with the problem of missing values in the context of a monthly precipitation database. This part deals with the problem of missing values by using SOM and feed-forward MLP models along with inclusion of regionalization properties obtained from the SOM. The problem of filling in of missing data in a daily precipitation-runoff database is also considered. This study deals with the filling in of missing values using SOM and feed-forward MLP along with multivariate nearest neighbour (MNN), regularized expectation-maximization algorithm (REGEM) and multiple imputation (MI). Finally, once a complete database was obtained, SOM and feed-forward MLP models were developed in order to forecast one-month ahead runoff. Some issues such as the applicability of the SOM algorithm for modularization and the effect of the number of modules in modelling performance were investigated.<br/><br> <br/><br> It was found that it is indeed possible to make an ANN reveal some information about the mechanisms governing rainfall-runoff processes. The literature review showed that SOMs are becoming increasingly popular but that there are hardly any reviews of SOM applications. In the case of imputation of missing values in the monthly precipitation, the results indicated the importance of the inclusion of regionalization properties of SOM prior to the application of SOM and feed-forward MLP models. In the case of gap-filling of the daily precipitation-runoff database, the results showed that most of the methods yield similar results. However, the SOM and MNN tended to give the most robust results. REGEM and MI hold the assumption of multivariate normality, which does not seem to fit the data at hand. The feed-forward MLP is sensitive to the location of missing values in the database and did not perform very well. Based on the one-month ahead forecasting, it was found that although the idea of modularization based on SOM is highly persuasive, the results indicated a need for more principled procedures to modularize the processes. Moreover, the modelling results indicated that a supervised SOM model can be considered as a viable alternative approach to the well-known feed-forward MLP model. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/cd449d6d-bc29-47fa-bdde-485c000ee9e0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5988874/548479.pdf application/pdf 1414304 no Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University 2007 eng Hydrogeology geographical and geological engineering Hydrogeologi teknisk geologi teknisk geografi Self-organizing map Feed-forward multilayer perceptron Forecasting Hydrological modelling Missing values Rainfall-runoff modelling Estimation Artificial neural networks Water Engineering 978-91-628-7138-3 548478 146 2007-05-11T13:00:00+02:00 cd449d6d-bc29-47fa-bdde-485c000ee9e0 2016-04-04T12:22:06+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:22:06+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:894dced6-29e8-4c80-8675-f28dd396284f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Fredrik Schultheiss author ef712f0c-49f7-4251-8870-5b5749c4fd3e Jan-Eric Ståhl supervisor 1300d488-50c2-4e31-8b74-197566e9b81b Dr. Tomas Beno opponent Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden Production and Materials Engineering v1000249 department SPI: Sustainable Production Initiative v1001246 department As quality and performance demands on today’s products increases, more and more advanced materials are being used during modern production. The problem is however that this in turn place new demands on the machining processes utilized. Even though a significant amount of research has been published on the machining of these materials knowledge is still limited in several crucial areas. A problem with machining research is that it often relies heavily on quantitative data primarily obtained through experimental investigations. Due to the substantial amount of potentially different machining cases it could be difficult to generalize the obtained results to other scenarios. In this dissertation it has been attempted to model the investigated phenomena through using universal physical relationships. Even though this might result in a larger modeling error for the specific case investigated the author sees a great advantage of being able to have a physical explanation to the obtained results.<br/><br> The aim of this dissertation has been to increase the knowledge on, and to a certain extent predict, the machinability of some common ductile and strain hardening materials. The research has focused on evaluating duplex stainless steel, Ti6Al4V and Alloy 718. However, the proposed models have been constructed in a way as to aid future implementation for other workpiece materials. A central pillar of the research has been the influence of the stagnation point and the related minimum chip thickness. This aspect influences all machining operations and could potentially have a significant impact on the machinability, not least for ductile and strain hardening materials. During this research it was found that even though cutting conditions have a major influence on the value of the minimum chip thickness, material factors such as ductility and strain hardening should not be neglected as these also influence the obtained value. In turn, it was found that the minimum chip thickness could to a certain extent be used to explain the obtained workpiece surface roughness. Also, the tool surface roughness was found to have a determinate influence on the mechanics of the machining process.<br/><br> During the present research it was also found that it is difficult to predict the tool life using conventional models for the investigated materials, essentially due to their high strength at elevated temperatures, adhesive behavior during machining, and low thermal conductivity. The influence of these properties commonly results in rapid and unpredictable wear of the cutting tool. Plastic deformation of the cutting tool is always a concern when machining these materials and a first step towards establishing a method for measuring the initiation of plastic deformation by using the measured cutting force has been proposed. Also, through using a proposed method for determining the potential machinability of a specific workpiece material these effects could be reduced through the use of reasonable process parameters before commencing production.<br/><br> Methods for improving the machining process in terms of for example part cost or sustainability has been developed as part of this research. Even though each of these methods only improves a small part of the whole production process these improvements should not be neglected as all parts of the process should be optimized in order to achieve a truly sustainable and cost efficient machining process. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Allteftersom kraven på kvalité och prestanda hos dagens produkter ökar används alltmer avancerade material som en del av modern produktion. Problemet som uppstår är dock att dessa material ställer nya krav på tillverkningsprocessen och då inte minst vid skärande bearbetning. Trots att en betydande mängd forskning redan har publicerats vad gäller skärande bearbetning av dessa material saknas fortfarande genomgripande kunskap inom flera viktiga delområden. Ett problem med forskning inom skärande bearbetning är att den ofta förlitar sig i huvudsak på kvantitativ data, primärt erhållen genom experimentella försök. Detta gör att de erhållna resultaten kan vara svåra att generalisera till andra bearbetningsfall. I denna avhandling har en ansats gjorts att tolka de erhållna resultaten med hjälp av fundamentala fysikaliska principer. Även om detta potentiellt resulterar i ett större modellfel så ser författaren stora fördelar med att kunna ge en fysikalisk tolkning av de erhållna resultaten.<br/><br> Målet med denna avhandling har varit att öka kunskapen om, samt i viss utsträckning även förutsäga skärbarheten hos några vanligt förekommande duktila och deformationshårdnande material. Forskningen har primärt fokuserat på studier av skärbarheten hos duplexa rostfria stål, Ti6Al4V samt Alloy 718. Inflytandet från stagnationspunkten vid skärande bearbetning samt det närbesläktade fenomenet med en minsta teoretisk spåntjocklek har varit av central betydelse för denna forskning. Denna faktor påverkar alla bearbetningsprocesser och har en betydande inverkan på skärbarheten, inte minst för duktila och deformationshårdnande material. Som en del av denna forskning upptäcktes att den minsta teoretiska spåntjockleken har ett signifikant och i viss utsträckning förutsägbart inflytande på den bearbetade ytans topografi för samtliga undersökta material. Det visade sig även att storleken hos den minsta teoretiska spåntjockleken är relaterad till flera olika processparametrar så som använd skärdata samt även arbetsmaterialet duktilitet och deformationshårdnande. Det konstaterades även att skärverktygets ytfinhet har en mätbar inverkan på bearbetningsprocessen.<br/><br> Som ett led av denna forskning iakttogs hur svårt det är att förutsäga skärverktygens livslängd vid bearbetning av dessa material primärt på grund av deras höga hållfasthet även vid förhöjd temperatur, adhesiva uppträdande under skärprocessen samt även deras förhållandevis låga termiska konduktivitet. Således är deformation och annan nedbrytning av skärverktyget alltid ett potentiellt problem vid bearbetning av dessa material. Genom att använda den presenterade metoden för att bestämma den potentiella skärbarheten hos ett givet arbetsmaterial kan denna problematik potentiellt reduceras genom användning av rimliga processparametrar redan under initieringen av produktionen.<br/><br> Även praktiska metoder för att förbättra bearbetningsprocessen i form av till exempel lägre detaljkostnad eller ökad hållbarhet från ett miljö- och samhällsperspektiv har presenterats som del av denna forskning. Trotts att de föreslagna metoderna enbart förbättrar en liten del av produktionsprocessen bör de inte försummas då alla delar av en tillverkningsprocess måste optimeras för att erhålla en reellt hållbar och kostnadseffektiv produktionsprocess. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/894dced6-29e8-4c80-8675-f28dd396284f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5989775/4172839.pdf application/pdf 17173914 no Division of Production and Materials Engineering 2013 eng Alloy 718 Ti6Al4V Duplex stainless steel Machinability Minimum chip thickness Contact condition Surface topography Tool wear Part cost Sustainable machining Polar diagram. Materials Engineering 978-91-7473-729-5 4172833 152 2013-12-20T10:00:00+01:00 894dced6-29e8-4c80-8675-f28dd396284f 2016-04-04T12:22:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:22:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:4f9ed964-511d-4142-8df7-c691f20d1da1 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lilla Aulan, MFC, MAS, Malmö 1 Pelle Lindqvist author 5ea971f9-79fc-4875-aba2-f9598a53cfc9 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Prof. Magnus Westgren opponent Huddinge Hospital, Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö v1000476 department The aim of this thesis was to improve background knowledge for making a reliable medical evaluation at the first visit of a woman in her 13th gestational week, to the antenatal clinic. We have focused on the prediction and the risk estimation of preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), and thrombosis.<br/><br> <br/><br> The thesis was based on five studies, in which we have evaluated biochemical analyzes, genetic tests, anamnestic information, and statistical information (based on the data from medical files and from the Swedish Medical Birth and Hospital Discharge Registers).<br/><br> <br/><br> High maternal urine human chorionic gonadotropin level in early pregnancy was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of preeclampsia, vis-à-vis low values, while low epidermal growth factor levels were associated with IUGR pregnancies.<br/><br> <br/><br> Maternal smoking was associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (Odds ratio (OR)=1.24; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.51), which was consumption dependent. Moderate smoking was associated with lower incidence of preeclampsia associated with preterm birth in both study series (OR=0.1; CI 0.01-0.7, and OR=0.6; CI 0.5-0.8, respectively).<br/><br> <br/><br> Apart from an 1.1% risk of thrombosis, APC resistance was not associated with preeclampsia, IUGR, or spontaneous abortion. However, the carriers of APC resistance had fewer profuse hemorrhages at delivery (3.7% vs. 7.9%), which might have given them an evolutionary advantage, explaining the high prevalence (10.7%). The incidence of pregnancy-associated thrombosis in Sweden was 13/10000, evenly distributed in the ante- and postpartum periods. APC resistance was associated with an 8-fold increased risk of thrombosis. Overweight, heredity of thrombosis, and cesarean delivery were all associated with a roughly 5-fold increased risk of thrombosis. Preeclampsia was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of thrombosis in the postpartum period. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Inledning<br/><br> <br/><br> För att kunna sätta in resurser där de behövs bäst, finns det en önskan att kunna förutsäga vilka graviditeter som kommer att bli komplicerade. Vid preeklampsi (havandeskapsförgiftning), tillväxthämning hos fostret samt blodproppssjukdom finns det idag inget säkert sätt att tidigt i graviditeten veta vilka som kommer att drabbas. Denna oförmåga att kunna förutse vilka som kommer att drabbas har försvårat studier på bakomliggande mekanismer samt sökandet efter en behandling. Syftet med dessa studier är att öka kunskapen om risken för gravida kvinnor att drabbas av ovan nämnda komplikationer. Utgångspunkten har varit att förbättra underlaget till den bedömning som görs vid första besöket, när kvinnan är i 13:e graviditetsveckan. För att uppnå detta mål har vi i fem arbeten studerat och analyserat kemiska tester, genetiska tester, anamnestiska uppgifter samt relevanta statistiska uppgifter.<br/><br> <br/><br> Graviditetshormon och "epidermal growth factor"<br/><br> <br/><br> De kemiska tester som vi har studerat är epidermal growth factor (EGF), en tillväxtfaktor för bland annat huden och magtarmkanalen. Djurförsök har visat att brist på EGF gav tillväxthämmade foster. Hypotesen var att EGF var med och styrde moderkakans funktion och fostrets tillväxt samt att brist kunde ge tillväxthämning eller preeklampsi. Graviditetshormonet HCG finns normalt bara i blodet hos gravida och används därför som graviditetstest. Funktionen av HCG är ej klarlagd, men man har sett att halten HCG i blodet hos kvinnor som får preeklampsi är högre än hos dem som inte drabbas av detta tillstånd.<br/><br> <br/><br> APC-resistens<br/><br> <br/><br> Vi undersökte det nyupptäckta ärftliga tillståndet, APC-resistens, som ger blodet en ökad tendens att levra sig (koagulera) samt en livslång ökad risk att drabbas av venös blodpropp. APC-resistens uppstod för cirka 25 000 år sedan genom att en aminosyra i vår genetiska uppsättning förändrades till en annan, en punktmutation. Denna förändring finns nu hos cirka 1 miljon svenskar och cirka 50 miljoner Kaukasier, men den finns nästan inte alls i t.ex Afrika och Asien. Både vid preeklampsi och tillväxthämning utvecklas moderkakan på ett felaktigt sätt i den tidiga graviditeten, men tillstånden visar sig först under graviditetens andra hälft. Vid båda tillstånden finns det en aktiverad koagulation, vilket ofta leder till ökat antal blodproppar (infarkter) i moderkakan. Eftersom cirkulationen i moderkakan liknar den venösa, med lågt tryck och flöde, var det logiskt att anta att APC-resistens kunde predisponera till den bakomliggande sjukligheten i moderkakan vid ovan nämnda tillstånd. Om ett starkt samband hittades, skulle det kunna användas för att förutsäga vilka graviditeter som skulle kunna drabbas. Ett potentiellt farligt tillstånd som APC-resistens skall normalt vara sällsynt, det skall selekteras bort i människans evolution. Den höga förekomsten tyder på att APC-resistenta individer måste ha en evolutionär fördel, annars hade inte tillståndet varit så vanligt.<br/><br> <br/><br> Publikation I<br/><br> <br/><br> I det första arbetet följe vi 1009 kvinnor som lämnat urinprov i tidig graviditet för att hitta en analys som kunde förutse utvecklingen av preeklampsi och / eller tillväxthämning. Kvinnor som födde tillväxthämmade barn hade lägre EGF-halt i urinen i den tidiga graviditeten. Fyndet indikerar att EGF kan vara ett av de tillväxthormon som styr moderkakans funktion eller fostrets tillväxt. Kvinnor med höga värden av HCG i urinen hade en trefaldigt ökad risk att få preeklampsi än kvinnor med lägre halt. Detta skulle kunna användas för att identifiera den grupp gravida som har en ökad risk för preeklampsi. Även rökare hade lägre nivå av både EGF och HCG i urinen. Vi spekulerade i möjligheten att rökning kunde ge tillväxthämmning genom att påverka tillväxtfaktorer, såsom EGF. Detta är intressant, då vi sen länge vet att rökning orsakar tillväxthämning, men utan att känna till de exakta mekanismerna.<br/><br> <br/><br> Publikation II<br/><br> <br/><br> Det andra arbetet bestod av två delar, ett Malmö material bestående av alla preeklamptiker under 5 år och ett landsomfattande material. Båda dessa jämfördes med friska gravida kvinnor. Målet var att undersöka om rökare hade ett skydd mot att utveckla preeklampsi samt att diskutera den eventuella orsaken. Eftersom tillståndet framförallt påverkar sjuklighet och dödlighet hos spädbarn genom för tidig (preterm) födsel, var vi särskilt intresserade av denna delgrupp. Måttlighetsrökare (1-9 cigaretter dagligen) hade lägre förekomst av både preeklampsi och av den tidiga födsel som ofta hänger ihop med svår preeklampsi. Vi framförde flera tänkbara förklaringar och spekulerade i att detta "skydd" kunde vara en effekt av nikotin. Om detta visar sig vara sant, skulle man i framtiden kunna använda nikotin i annan form än cigaretter mot preeklampsi. Men det krävs ytterligare studier innan det kan bli aktuellt.<br/><br> <br/><br> Publikation III<br/><br> <br/><br> I det tredje arbetet har vi studerat om kvinnor med tidigare preeklampsi eller tillväxthämning (IUGR), hade en ökad förekomst av APC-resistens samt om de APC-resistenta kvinnorna blödde mindre vid förlossningen. Studiegruppen som helhet hade högre förekomst av APC-resistens (18% mot 10%). Denna skillnad var koncentrerad till den lilla grupp kvinnor som hade både IUGR och preeklampsi, och det fanns ingen skillnad hos de kvarvarande i studiegruppen (de med bara preeklampsi eller IUGR). Det fanns ingen skillnad i antalet missfall per kvinna mellan APC-resistenta och icke APC-resistenta kvinnor. Däremot hade de förra mindre blödningsmängd samt färre stora blödningar.<br/><br> <br/><br> Publikation IV<br/><br> <br/><br> I det fjärde arbetet studerades graviditetens naturalförlopp hos APC-resistenta kvinnor. Vi följde 2480 kvinnor, som lämnade blod och intervjuades i början av sin graviditet. Förekomsten av APC-resistens var 10.7% hos de gravida kvinnorna i Malmö. Förutom en 8-faldigt förhöjd risk att få blodpropp, fann vi ingen ökad risk för graviditetskomplikationer såsom; preeklampsi, tillväxthämning och sen- eller tidigt missfall hos de APC-resistenta kvinnorna. Däremot hade de mindre blödningsmängd och färre stora blödningar än andra kvinnor. Vid jämförelse av andra parametrar fann vi att överviktiga kvinnor samt kvinnor med blodpropp hos nära släktingar hade cirka 5 gånger ökad risk att få blodpropp, jämfört med övriga.<br/><br> <br/><br> Publikation V<br/><br> <br/><br> I det femte arbetet gjorde vi en statistisk studie från Medicinska Födelseregistret och Patientregistret, omfattande alla kvinnor med graviditetsrelaterad blodproppsdiagnos. Av de 479 422 kvinnor som födde barn under denna tid fann vi 608 kvinnor med 625 blodproppstillbud i samband med graviditet. Dessa 608 kvinnor jämfördes med alla kvinnor som var förlösta 1993 (utan blodpropp). Vi fann att förekomsten av blodpropp var 13/10 000 graviditeter, jämnt fördelade före och efter förlossningen. Kejsarsnitt var förknippat med en 5-faldigt ökad risk och preeklampsi med en 3-faldigt ökad risk för blodpropp i efterbördsskedet. Men det finns inget samband mellan preeklampsi och blodpropp före förlossningen. Det var förvånande att ett tillstånd som preeklampsi, som har aktiverad koagulation, inte ledde till en ökad risk för blodpropp under graviditeten. Hos rökare fann vi en ökad risk för blodpropp, en risk som steg med antalet cigarretter per dag. Tidigare har man ej funnit något samband mellan venös blodpropp och rökning.<br/><br> <br/><br> Evolutionär fördel<br/><br> <br/><br> Fyndet att APC-resistens (en genetisk förändring som ökar blodets förmåga att koagulera) medförde färre stora blödningar vid förlossningen verkar kanske inte så intressant. Men det har uppskattats att var tionde kvinna avslutade sitt liv i graviditetskomplikationer för två hundra år sedan, samt att uppemot hälften av dessa dödsfall hade ett samband med blodbrist eller stora blödningar. Det minskade antalet stora blödningar i samband med förlossningen hos APC- resistenta, kan ha medfört en historisk minskad risk att dö vid förlossning. Detta kan ha gett kvinnorna med APC-resistens en evolutionär fördel gentemot de icke APC-resistenta och att familjer med APC-resistens därigenom blivit större än andra, vilket skulle kunna förklara den höga förekomsten av APC- resistens idag. Detta är inte den första gången en ärftlig avvikelse har visat sig ha en evolutionär fördel. Tidigare har individer med sickelcellsanemi (en typ av ärftlig blodbrist) visats ha en fördel i områden där malaria är vanligt. Malaria har en hög dödlighet, men dessa bärarne får malaria mindre ofta och mildare och överlever på så vis.<br/><br> <br/><br> Slutsats<br/><br> <br/><br> Vi har försökt förutse vilka patienter som kommer att utveckla preeklampsi och tillväxthämning och vi har funnit att ett HCG-prov av urinen skulle kunna användas för att identifiera kvinnor med högre risk att utveckla dessa symptom. Att kvinnor som fick tillväxthämmade barn hade lägre EGF-nivå i urinen kan indikera att EGF deltar i styrningen av moderkakan och fostrets tillväxt. Fyndet att måttlighetsrökarna med preeklampsi mer sällan födde för tidigt kan vara en effekt av nikotin. Våra studier har förbättrat kännedomen om hur vissa faktorer (APC-resistens, rökning, kejsarsnitt, preeklampsi, paritet, ålder, övervikt, samt blodpropps förekomst i nära släkten) påverkar risken att få blodpropp. APC- resistens förekom hos cirka 11% av gravida kvinnor och förutom en ökad risk för blodpropp fann vi ingen ökad risk för graviditetskomplikationer. Det lägre antalet stora blödningar vid förlossningen kan ha gett APC-resistenta kvinnor en evolutionär fördel i form av färre dödsfall vid förlossningen. Detta kan vara orsaken till den höga förekomsten av APC-resistens. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/4f9ed964-511d-4142-8df7-c691f20d1da1 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5992017/1030373.pdf application/pdf 9208374 no Pelle Lindqvist, Kvinnokliniken MAS, 20502 Malmö, Sweden, 1999 eng gynaecology andrology Obstetrics Thrombosis Smoking Risk estimation Risk Pregnancy Preeclampsia IUGR Evolution Fetal loss Abortion APC resistance reproduction Obstetrik sexuality sexualitet reproduktion andrologi gynekologi Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine 91-628-3859-8 40046 ISRN: LUMEDW/MEKM-1029-SE 121 1999-12-10T10:15:00+01:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Obstetrics and Gynaecology (013242700), Pediatrics/Urology/Gynecology/Endocrinology (013240400) 4f9ed964-511d-4142-8df7-c691f20d1da1 2016-04-04T12:22:55+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:22:55+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:770b2323-f07f-4a01-a0a9-70fa7990c428 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Health Science Centre, Baravägen 3, Lund 1 Kristina Orban author 23de736f-89fd-4ac0-89af-8d04a080fc8c Lena-Karin Erlandsson supervisor 9b48e974-7774-4fb2-9a7a-49ca9a329ebe Anna-Karin Edberg supervisor 91eb2053-60df-48f6-b583-91ceca109943 Lisa Skär opponent Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Luleå universitet Sustainable occupations and health in a life course perspective v1000414 department Sustainable occupations and health in a life course perspective research group This thesis provides new insights into parents’ patterns of daily occupations. It proceeds from the basis of an occupational perspective on family life, using an occupational lens to understand how, when and where individuals spend their time. In recent decades, lifestyles have changed worldwide and the transition into an increasingly sedentary lifestyles is a major health concern, the origins which can be traced to childhood. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the shared patterns of daily occupations among parents of preschool-age children with obesity, and to investigate whether it was possible for parents to change the amount of time they spent with their children and the parents’ occupational value over the course of a one-year intervention. Factors related to any change in the parents’ time use as well as any change in the children’s BMI z-score, were also investigated. The first study had a qualitative approach. This study investigated the usefulness of the time-geographical diary method in facilitating reflections on how patterns of daily occupations occur and change over time. The diary method enabled the participants to reflect on and become aware of changes relevant to explaining their reasons for engaging in daily occupations in the way that they did. The second study had a quasi-experimental design in the context of a one-year intervention within the framework of an RCT and consisted of three papers. In Paper II, daily occupations among parents of children with obesity were investigated. Four main family types were identified, the shared patterns of daily occupations differed between each type in terms of the division of household work, paid work and the amount of time spent together as a family. In Paper III an increase over time was seen in the time parents spent together with their children and the parents’ perceived occupational value, along with a subsequent decrease in the children’s BMI. In Paper IV, factors associated with changes in the parents’ time use during the intervention turned out to be the parents’ finances and satisfaction with everyday occupations as well as the parents’ BMI and low sense of control at inclusion. The fathers’ perceptions of occupational values, education and their subjective health, and the mothers’ high sense of control and subjective health explained 67% of the variance in the children’s change in BMI. The findings may lead to a greater understanding of how parents shared patterns of daily occupations are shaped within the family. Together with the contributing factors for predicting change, this should be addressed in the context of the family in order to create further knowledge regarding the development of family-based interventions with an aim of child health promotion. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> This thesis provides new insights into parents’ patterns of daily occupations. It proceeds from the basis of an occupational perspective on family life, using an occupational lens to understand how, when and where individuals spend their time. In recent decades, lifestyles have changed worldwide and the transition into an increasingly sedentary lifestyles is a major health concern, the origins which can be traced to childhood. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the shared patterns of daily occupations among parents of preschool-age children with obesity, and to investigate whether it was possible for parents to change the amount of time they spent with their children and the parents’ occupational value over the course of a one-year intervention. Factors related to any change in the parents’ time use as well as any change in the children’s BMI z-score, were also investigated. The first study had a qualitative approach. This study investigated the usefulness of the time-geographical diary method in facilitating reflections on how patterns of daily occupations occur and change over time. The diary method enabled the participants to reflect on and become aware of changes relevant to explaining their reasons for engaging in daily occupations in the way that they did. The second study had a quasi-experimental design in the context of a one-year intervention within the framework of an RCT and consisted of three papers. In Paper II, daily occupations among parents of children with obesity were investigated. Four main family types were identified, the shared patterns of daily occupations differed between each type in terms of the division of household work, paid work and the amount of time spent together as a family. In Paper III an increase over time was seen in the time parents spent together with their children and the parents’ perceived occupational value, along with a subsequent decrease in the children’s BMI. In Paper IV, factors associated with changes in the parents’ time use during the intervention turned out to be the parents’ finances and satisfaction with everyday occupations as well as the parents’ BMI and low sense of control at inclusion. The fathers’ perceptions of occupational values, education and their subjective health, and the mothers’ high sense of control and subjective health explained 67% of the variance in the children’s change in BMI. The findings may lead to a greater understanding of how parents shared patterns of daily occupations are shaped within the family. Together with the contributing factors for predicting change, this should be addressed in the context of the family in order to create further knowledge regarding the development of family-based interventions with an aim of child health promotion. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/770b2323-f07f-4a01-a0a9-70fa7990c428 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5992411/3459812.pdf application/pdf 3298458 no Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science 2013 eng shared patterns of daily occupations time-geographical diaries occupational therapy parents occupation-focused approach childhood obesity health promotion Occupational Therapy 1652-8220 978-91-87189-84-5 3459798 2013:15 100 http://www.vardalinstitutet.net/sv/node/3477 2013-03-01T13:15:00+01:00 770b2323-f07f-4a01-a0a9-70fa7990c428 2016-04-04T12:23:01+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:23:01+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:80f1f3bd-73a5-4688-a6eb-ea78166599ce 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund 1 Ramin Sabet Azad author 6c85e208-63b4-4ff0-9ecd-10caf8652101 Rajni Hatti-Kaul supervisor eef85695-3bee-46c5-9af0-2dabd0e36cf6 Javier Linares-Pastén supervisor 037ec287-fac4-4f96-b50d-727d92167fda Shukun Yu supervisor b24ad878-8eb9-46b6-aa55-2228efa666ea Professor An-Ping Zeng opponent Hamburg University of Technology, Germany Biotechnology v1000653 department Concerns regarding environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and<br/><br> climate change have led to a shift within the research community and chemical and<br/><br> energy industry sectors for finding sustainable routes for producing fuels and<br/><br> chemicals from renewable resources, thereby minimizing our dependence on<br/><br> petroleum. The C3-chemical 3-hydroxypropionic acid has been identifed as a top<br/><br> candidate for the biobased chemical industry. This platform chemical is a β-hydroxy<br/><br> acid containing two functional groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl) enabling its<br/><br> conversion into value-added chemicals such as 1,3-propanediol, acrolein, malonic<br/><br> acid, acrylamide and acrylic acid, which can be used in resins, coatings, paints,<br/><br> adhesives, lubricants, and in the textile industry as anti-static agent. Polymerized 3-<br/><br> HP, poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (poly(3-HP)), is a biodegradable and stable polymer<br/><br> which, besides its potential role as a biomaterial, can be degraded to 3-HP monomer.<br/><br> In recent years, a dramatic increase in the interest for microbial production of 3-HP<br/><br> and poly(3-HP) has been observed. Metabolic engineering and recombinant<br/><br> expression of various enzymatic pathways in a number of bacterial strains have been<br/><br> suggested and implemented, with mainly renewable glucose and glycerol as substrates.<br/><br> This thesis presents a novel pathway called the propanediol utilization pathway<br/><br> present in Lactobacillus reuteri that catalyzes dehydration of glycerol to 3-<br/><br> hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) and further to 3-HP by a series of reactions<br/><br> catalyzed by propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (PduP), phosphotransacylase (PduL)<br/><br> and propionate kinase (PduW). Through structural modeling and kinetic<br/><br> characterization of PduP, its 3-HPA consuming ability was confirmed and catalytic<br/><br> mechanism proposed. PduP, PduL and PduW-mediated conversion of 3-HPA to 3-<br/><br> HP was confirmed through their recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. 3-HPA<br/><br> produced from glycerol by L. reuteri was used as a substrate for conversion to 3-HP<br/><br> by the recombinant E. coli. A yield of 1 mol/mol was reached with a titer of 12 mM<br/><br> 3-HP. Depletion of the cofactor NAD+ required for the catalysis of 3-HP to 3-HPCoA,<br/><br> was deemed responsible for the low titer. Regeneration of NAD+, used up in<br/><br> PduP catalyzed reaction, was achieved by recombinant expression of NADH oxidase<br/><br> (Nox) from L. reuteri in E. coli expressing PduP, PduL and PduW. The final 3-HP<br/><br> titer by this recombinant strain was at least twice that of E. coli carrying solely PduP,<br/><br> PduL and PduW.<br/><br> For the production of poly(3-HP), PduL and PduW in the recombinant strain were<br/><br> replaced by polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase of Chromobacterium sp. that converts 3-<br/><br> HP-CoA to poly(3-HP). A poly(3-HP) content of up to 40% (w/w) cell dry weight<br/><br> was reached in an efficient and cheap process requring no additivies or expensive<br/><br> cofactors. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> Since the onset of the 20th century, human society has been using non-renewable<br/><br> resources, mainly oil, for the production of fuels and chemicals that are now an<br/><br> integral part of our everyday life. In the last few decades however, concerns regarding<br/><br> environmental effects, geopolitical issues and the eventual depletion of oil have led to<br/><br> us re-evaluating our dependency on this resource. Current production of a majority of<br/><br> everday chemicals is based on refining petroleum to a small number of other<br/><br> molecules, also known as platform chemicals, which can then be converted to a much<br/><br> larger number of chemicals through various processes.<br/><br> In our efforts to move from a fossil to biobased economy in which renewable<br/><br> resources like sugars or glycerol, obtained through plants, trees, grasses, and/or as<br/><br> residues/wastes of agro-/forestry based industries, will constitute the feedstock for<br/><br> industry, sustainable technologies for processing of the biomass and its components in<br/><br> an environmentally-friendly manner need to be develooped. Biotechnological<br/><br> production of platform chemicals from the biomass feedstocks is mainly based on<br/><br> replacing traditional chemical reactors with microorganisms. Microorganisms can be<br/><br> considered small reactors as they contain mechanisms for the conversion of a large<br/><br> variety of natural as well as synthetic molecules to others. These mechanisms are<br/><br> driven by enzymes which are in turn encoded in their genomes. As microorganisms<br/><br> are present in pretty much every type of environment imaginable on the planet, the<br/><br> number of naturally occurring reactions is very high. Some microorganisms are<br/><br> known to produce biodegradable plastics as a protection mechanism in harsh<br/><br> conditions. Microbial processes for the production of chemicals and materials are<br/><br> based in water and require no organic solvents. They can be performed in lower<br/><br> temperatures and are very specific. As petroleum is cheap however, there is no<br/><br> economic incentive to shift to these greener processes. Thus, it is important to<br/><br> develop microbial methods for the production of these chemicals from cheap<br/><br> resources and in high concentrations and yields.<br/><br> This thesis deals mainly with the production of the platform chemical 3-<br/><br> hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and its polymer poly(3-hydroxypropionate). These<br/><br> products are not available commercially. 3-HP is of great promise as it can be further<br/><br> converted into wide array of chemicals, e.g. resins, coatings, lubricants and in the<br/><br> textile industry as anti-static agent. Poly(3-HP) is a biodegradable polymer that can<br/><br> replace certain fossil-based polymers in different applications.<br/><br> 3-HP is produced in smaller amounts by certain microorganisms that grow slowly<br/><br> and/or are expensive to cultivate. Therefore, a copy and paste-strategy has been<br/><br> implemented for moving some of the reactions to well-known organisms that are<br/><br> easier and cheaper to cultivate. Lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacteria, contains a<br/><br> mechanism for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from glycerol, which is<br/><br> currently produced in large amounts as a byproduct from the production of bio-diesel<br/><br> from several plant oils. By copying relevant genes and transferring them to the<br/><br> cheaply cultivated bacterium Escherichia coli, it was proven that 3-HP could be<br/><br> produced with a high yield from glycerol. Such a strategy does require the<br/><br> understanding of the metabolic system in the bacteria in order to avoid any<br/><br> interference and to incorporate strategies for improving the formation of the product<br/><br> in a selective and clean manner. Such strategies were implemented in the present<br/><br> work, thereby increasing the final concentration of 3-HP. Some key enzymes in these<br/><br> processes were studied further in order to gain a better understanding of their<br/><br> function and structure.<br/><br> It the same manner, a relevant gene from Lactobacillus reuteri and a gene from<br/><br> another bacteria, Chromobacterium sp. known to produce a bioplastic, were copied<br/><br> and pasted in Escherichia coli, resulting in a strain with the capacity to produce<br/><br> poly(3-hydroxypropionate) in a cheap and efficient manner. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/80f1f3bd-73a5-4688-a6eb-ea78166599ce https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5992852/5265801.pdf application/pdf 4556236 no Division of Biotechnology, Lund University 2015 eng Platform chemicals biopolymers 3-hydroxypropionic acid 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde glycerol poly(3-hydroxypropionate) polyhydroxyalkanoates Escherichia coli Lactobacillus reuteri propanediol utilization pathway propionaldehyde dehydrogenase biotransformation cofactor regeneration NADH oxidase Industrial Biotechnology 978-91-7623-274-3 5265772 132 2015-04-30T10:00:00+02:00 80f1f3bd-73a5-4688-a6eb-ea78166599ce 2016-04-04T12:23:08+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:23:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3168518a-1355-4731-a9df-1301967f2bc9 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalkssalen, BMC, Sölvegatan 19 1 Xiaosong Ma author 7a6fc45d-50e4-4898-996b-d52d1ad58470 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Erik Gylfe opponent Uppsala University Department of Experimental Medical Science v1000350 department Type-2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin secretion associated with excess glucagon release. Exocytosis of insulin- or glucagon-containing granules is initiated by Ca2+-influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels and is modulated by the second messengers such as cAMP. Membrane capacitance measurements were used in this study to investigate the cellular mechanisms behind cAMP-regulated Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in pancreatic beta-and alpha-cells. In pancreatic beta-cells, the secretory granules have been demonstrated to co-localize with L-type Ca2+-channels. Experiments using photorelease of caged Ca2+ revealed that exocytosis of insulin-containing granules requires an increase in [Ca2+]i with a Kd of 17 µM, which is most likely achieved in the vicinity of the Ca2+-channels. It was further proved that a close association between the alpha1c L-type Ca2+-channels and the secretory granules is a prerequisite for rapid exocytosis and ensures maximum usage of Ca2+ influx in a cell with few Ca2+-channels (~500) as is the case in the beta-cell. Pharmacologically, L-type Ca2+-channels are suppressed by organic Ca2+-channel blockers such as dihydropyridines. Glacontryphan- M was isolated from the venom of Conus Marmoreus and was detected to reduce L-type Ca2+ currents and associated exocytosis. It was discovered that this novel antagonist needs the binding of Ca2+ to the Gla-residues for its function. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in the beta-cell is enhanced by cAMP through both PKA-independent granular priming and PKA-dependent recruitment of granules from a reserve pool. This study revealed a concentration-dependent activation of the two cAMP-signalling pathways and that 5-fold higher [cAMP]i was needed for the PKA-independent mechanism. Interestingly, the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 was required in the regulation of cAMP-stimulated PKA-independent exocytosis. This is an additional function of SUR1 apart from being a subunit of the KATP channel. Enhancement of exocytosis by cAMP in alpha-cells was discovered to involve similar mechanisms as in the beta-cell. In the present study glucagon was detected to elevate cAMP resulting in an enhanced Ca2+-dependent exocytotic response by binding to the glucagon-receptors in the plasma membrane of the alpha-cell. The stimulatory effect of glucagon was mainly mediated by PKA-dependent mechanisms, possibly due to the inability of glucagon to elevate [cAMP]i to the sufficient level needed for activation of the PKA-independent pathway. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Glukos är den främsta energikällan för de flesta celler i kroppen. Det är av stor vikt att mängden glukos hålls på en jämn nivå, eftersom framförallt våra celler i hjärnan är mycket känsliga för stora variationer av glukoshalten i blodet. Regleringen av mängden glukos i blodet kontrolleras av hormonen insulin och glukagon. Insulin utsöndras från beta-celler och glukagon från alpha-celler, båda belägna i bukspottkörtels Langerhanska öar. Insulin sänker glukoshalten i blodet efter en måltid medan glukagon höjer glukoshalten då kroppen behöver tillskott av energi såsom då vi motionerar eller är under stress. Patienter med åldersdiabetes eller typ-2 diabetes har ofta en försämrad utsöndring av insulin samtidigt med en ökad sekretion av glukagon. Det vill säga kontrollen av mängden glukos i blodet är satt ur funktion. Normalt sker insulinsekretion i två faser, en första snabb fas som pågår 5-10 min följt av en långsam mer kontinuerlig fas. Patienter med åldersdiabetes saknar den första snabba fasen och den andra fasen är något reducerad. Insulin och glukagon befinner sig i små blåsor (granula) inne i repektive cell. Dessa blåsor smälter samman (fuserar) med cellens membran vid en given signal och innehållet kan komma ut i blodet. Signalen som initierar utsöndringen är ett ökat inflöde av kalcium-joner (Ca2+) genom speciella spänningskänsliga, vattenfyllda kanaler (jonkanaler) i cellens membran. Utsöndringen av hormonen kan vidare påverkas av andra substanser, ett sådan substans är cykliskt AMP (cAMP). Ett nytt läkemedel mot typ-2 diabetes som är under prövning, GLP-1, verkar bl.a. genom att öka cAMP-koncentrationen inne i cellen. I denna avhandling har de cellulära mekanismer varmed cAMP och Ca2+ påverkar utsöndringen av insulin och glukagon undersökts. Fusionen av granula med plasmamembran och därmed utsödringen av insulin (eller glukagon) har studerats på enskilda celler med en speciell teknik som kallas kapacitansmätningar. Denna teknik bygger på principen att cellens membran elektriskt kan likställas med en plattkondensator. Vidare gäller att då ytan på en kondensator ökar så ökar dess kapacitans. Detta kan utnyttjas eftersom när ett granula smälter samman med cellens membran ökar dess yta och även dess kapacitans. Det första delarbetet behandlar kopplingen mellan inflöde av Ca2+ och insulingranula. För att granula ska kunna fusera med cellmembranet krävs en hög koncentration av kalcium, mycket högre än medelkoncentrationen inuti cellen. Cellen löser detta genom att Ca2+-kanalen binder samman med insulingranula vid cellmembranet. På detta vis sker fusionen av granula snabbt samtidigt som energiåtgången för att återställa Ca2+-koncentrationen till sin vilonivå inne i cellen minimeras. I det andra delarbetet har en ny substans som utvunnits från en vattenlevande snigel, Conus Marmoreus, undersökts. Normalt är denna substans en del av snigelns gift, som används för att paralysera och fånga byten. Det visade sig att substansen blockerade de speciella Ca2+-kanaler som finns i beta-cellen. Substansen kan utnyttjas för att studera Ca2+-kanalens betydelse i olika system inte bara vid insulinsekretion. Vidare har betydelsen av cAMP för en ökad utsöndring av insulin studerats. Våra undersökningar visade på att cAMP stimulerar insulinsekretion både genom att aktivera ett protein som heter proteinkinas A (PKA) och genom att binda till ett annat protein, cAMP-GEFII. Proteinkinas A medverkar till att påskynda förflyttningen av insulingranula till cellens membran och påverkar framförallt den andra fasens insulinsekretion. Genom att binda till cAMP-GEFII stimulerar cAMP framförallt den snabba utsöndringen av insulin under den första fasen. Ett av de intressanta fynden i detta arbete berör den receptor, till vilken de antidiabetiska medicinerna sulfonylureas binder in på cellens membran. Genom att binda till denna receptor startas en kaskad som leder till utsöndring av insulin. Detta abete har visat att denna receptor också har en viktig funktion i ett av de avslutande stegen innan de insulininnehållande granula kan fusera med cellmembranet. Avslutningsvis behandlas alpha-cellen som utsöndrar glukagon. Det visade sig att cAMP förmår påverka glukagonsekretion på ett liknade sätt som i beta-cellen samt att glukagon har förmågan att stimulera sin egen sekretion åtminstone på enskilda celler. De mekanismer som har undersökts i denna avhandling påverkar framförallt första fasens insulinsekretion som saknas hos patienter med typ-2 diabetes. Dessa undersökningar är därför av stor betydelse för att förstå uppkomsten av denna sjukdom samt för att finna nya och bättre läkemedel. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3168518a-1355-4731-a9df-1301967f2bc9 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5993192/1693127.pdf application/pdf 9857578 no Xiaosong Ma, Department of Physiological sciences, BMC B11, Tornavägen 10, 221 84 LUND, 2004 eng Endocrinology secreting systems type-2 diabetes SUR1 Ca2+-channel glucagon exocytosis insulin diabetology Endokrinologi sekretion diabetologi Developmental Biology 91-628-6259-6 467407 113 2004-10-29T10:15:00+02:00 Article: I. Sebastian Barg, Xiaosong Ma, Lena Eliasson, Juris Galvanovskis, Sven O.Göpel, Stefanie Obermüller, Josef Platzer, Erik Renström, Michel Trus, Daphne Atlas, Jörg Striessnig and Patrik Rorsman (2001). Fast exocytosis with few Ca2+ channels in insulin-secreting mouse pancreatic B cells. Biophys J 81: 3308-3323 Article: II. Karin Hansson, Xiaosong Ma, Lena Eliasson, Eva Czerwiec, Bruce Furie, Barbara C. Furie, Patrik Rorsman and Johan Stenflo (2004). The first γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing contryphan: A selective L-type calcium ion channel blocker isolated from the venom of conus marmoreus. J Biol Chem 279: 32453-32463 Article: III. Lena Eliasson*, Xiaosong Ma*, Erik Renström*, Sebastian Barg, Per-Olof Berggren, Juris Galvanovskis, Jesper Gromada, Xingjun Jing, Ingmar Lundquist, Albert Salehi, Sabine Sewing and Patrik Rorsman (2003). SUR1 regulates PKA-independent cAMP-induced granule priming in mouse pancreatic B-cells. J Gen Physiol 121: 181-197 Article: IV. Xiaosong Ma, Yang Zhang, Jesper Gromada, Sabine Sewing, Per-Olof Berggren, Karsten Buschard, Albert Salehi, Jenny Vikman, Patrik Rorsman and Lena Eliasson (2004). Glucagon stimulates exocytosis in mouse and rat pancreatic alpha cells by binding to glucagon receptors. Mol Endocrinol, in press 3168518a-1355-4731-a9df-1301967f2bc9 2016-04-04T12:23:14+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:23:14+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3af7ad26-3676-4130-85b7-eb79bede2cd0 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Department of Human Geography, room 128 (Flygeln), Sölvegatan 10, Lund 1 Roman Martin author 756e811e-b35b-4a3d-995f-0aec260abfd6 Björn Asheim supervisor 27125c24-e794-4050-828d-1abc117ea308 Jerker Moodysson supervisor d0177820-21dc-4fe3-8452-ff088bd6c10f Professor Ron Boschma opponent Utrecht University CIRCLE v1001228 department Despite the ongoing globalisation of economic activities, innovation does not take place randomly distributed over space, but concentrates in certain locations. A central argument to explain the spatial concentration of innovation activities lies in the ability of geographical proximity to facilitate interactive learning and knowledge exchange, which in turn is seen as an important driver for regional growth and prosperity. Intensive knowledge sharing within the regional milieu is considered pivotal to continuous innovation, while at the same time, distant sources of knowledge are important for accessing new ideas and thoughts. When, why and in what respect local or non-local knowledge sourcing and exchange matters for innovation is a key question addressed in this dissertation. The thesis applies a regional innovation systems perspective where innovation is seen as the result of interactive learning processes involving various actors from industry, academia and governments, which collectively contribute to regional innovation and growth. Moreover, the thesis takes a broad-based view on innovation where innovation is seen as critical for all sectors of the economy, and not only for science and (high-) technology orientated activities. A distinction between industries is made with respect to the type of knowledge base that underlies innovation activities (i.e. analytical, synthetic and symbolic). When, why and in what respect the geography of innovation varies subject to industry specific difference in the knowledge base is a further key question addressed in this dissertation.<br/><br> <br/><br> In order to account for the diversity of channels through which knowledge can be sourced and exchanged, particular attention is devoted to the notion of networks that connect firms and other organisations inside and outside the region, but also to other modes of knowledge transfer such as monitoring of collaborators and competitors, the mobility of knowledge embodied in skilled labour, and informal relations between individuals within knowledge communities. The dissertation reveals that the organisational and geographical scope of knowledge exchange is strongly (but not exclusively) shaped by the type of knowledge base that underlies innovation activities. The results point in the direction that symbolic industries, partly as a consequence of the context-dependency of cultural knowledge, are deeply embedded in localised knowledge networks, while knowledge exchange in synthetic industries is less locally organised and more governed by the national institutional framework. Analytical industries tend to rely less on localised sources of knowledge, and more on specialised knowledge providers in other parts of the world. <br/><br> <br/><br> The research design is inspired by critical realist ontology, epistemology and methodology, and draws on a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The empirical focus lies on several regional industries (or clusters) in different parts of Europe, with the main attention on the new media, food and life science industries in Scania, southern Sweden.<br/><br> <br/><br> The dissertation consists of five articles that are published or forthcoming in peer-reviewed journals, preceded by an opening part which outlines the theoretical and methodological background framing the individual articles. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3af7ad26-3676-4130-85b7-eb79bede2cd0 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5996615/3049936.pdf application/pdf 20243850 no Lund University Press 2012 eng economic geography regional innovation systems learning regions differentiated knowledge bases knowledge networks social network analysis Scania Sweden Other Social Sciences Human Geography 978-91-7473-374-7 3049932 5 181 2012-10-02T13:15:00+02:00 3af7ad26-3676-4130-85b7-eb79bede2cd0 2016-04-04T12:24:08+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:24:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9771dd67-3822-4794-ab8d-dd73e7427981 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published University Hospital in Lund (room F1). 1 Anna Axmon author 6c8de86e-1966-490f-9abd-152aa9ca220e Lars Hagmar supervisor f94ab4c6-c3e6-414e-9772-3eb35b9e3ae4 Ulf Strömberg supervisor ebb837aa-3def-45b5-a1f2-ee6689b0571f Lars Rylander supervisor 14756f81-ceb1-4d2f-8044-b40b0abbb9aa Prof Gösta Axelsson opponent Göteborg University Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University v1000552 department Persistent organochlorine compounds (POC), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins, are long-lived and highly lipophilic compounds which are present in all biota today. In Sweden, one of the major exposure routes for POC is through the consumption of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea, which is off the east coast of Sweden, and one of the most highly exposed populations is the fishermen's wives and sisters from the east coast.<br/><br> <br/><br> It has been suggested that the time elapsed between the cessation of contraceptive use and clinical recognition of pregnancy (the time to pregnancy) is useful to investigate a couple's fertility. Once a pregnancy is clinically recognised, reproductive loss can be measured by the frequency of miscarriages and stillbirths.<br/><br> <br/><br> Self-administered questionnaires were sent to the fishermen's wives and sisters from both coasts, and information was collected on each woman's first planned pregnancy. From a subgroup of women, blood samples were analysed for CB-153, a biomarker for POC.<br/><br> <br/><br> Among the fishermen's wives, an increased time to pregnancy was found for the east coast women (i.e. the exposed women) compared to the west coast women. The increase was due to a doubled time to pregnancy among east coast women who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day compared to west coast women with the same smoking habits. Among the fishermen's sisters no effect was found from cohort affiliation. Among the east coast fishermen's wives and sisters, no indications were found of a prolonged time to pregnancy for women who had a high current consumption of fatty fish, had grown up in a fishermans's family and/or fishing village, or had a high concentration of CB-153.<br/><br> <br/><br> No increased miscarriage risk was found for the east compared to the west coast women. Neither did a high current fish consumption, growing up in a fisherman's family and/or fishing village, or a high concentration of CB-153 imply an increased risk for miscarriages. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB) är ett samlingsnamn för ett antal kemiska föreningar. De utmärker sig genom att de har en god elektrisk isoleringsförmåga och tålighet för höga temperaturer, och de har därför använts i bl.a. transformatorer och kondensatorer men även som mjukgörare i plaster och färger. Sedan det visat sig att exponering för PCB innebar allvarliga hälsoeffekter, infördes i Sverige 1972 ett förbud mot användning av ämnet. Emellertid är PCB mycket stabila kemikalier, även i biologiska system, vilket har medfört att PCB har stor spridning i hela vår omgivning. Detta beror på att kemikalien är fettlöslig och metaboliseras långsamt. Den lagras därmed i fettet hos både människor och djur och transporteras uppåt i näringskedjan. CB-153 (2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexaklorobifenyl) är en av 209 varianter av PCB. Forskning har visat att koncentrationen av CB-153 i plasma och blod ger en mycket god bild av en människas koncentration av total PCB, och man kan därför använda CB-153 koncentration som ett mått på exponering för total PCB.<br/><br> <br/><br> Djurstudier har visat att exponering för PCB kan ge effekter bl.a på menstruationscykeln och nedsatt fertilitet hos honor, men också att avkomma till exponerade honor har en lägre födelsevikt. Hos människor kan fertilitet mätas genom att undersöka väntetid till graviditet, d.v.s. den tid som passerar från den tidpunkt då ett par slutar använda preventivmedel till den tidpunkt då kvinnan blir gravid. Detta kan mätas endast om graviditeten var planerad. Genom att undersöka denna väntetid till graviditet täcker man in effekter på såväl mannen och kvinnan som fostret fram till dess graviditeten fastställs. När graviditeten väl är fastställd kan man undersöka fostrets överlevnad genom att titta på missfallsrisk.<br/><br> <br/><br> I Sverige är konsumtion av fet fisk (t.ex. lax och sill) från Östersjön en av de främsta källorna till exponering för PCB. Det har tidigare visats att svenska yrkesfiskare och deras familjer i genomsnitt äter mer fisk är vad folk i allmänhet gör. Vidare har man funnit att yrkesfiskarna och deras syskon växt upp i fiskarfamiljer och fiskelägen relativt ofta, något som kan antas ha lett till en hög konsumtion av fisk även under uppväxten. För att studera eventuella hälsoeffekter av exponering för PCB genom konsumtion av fet fisk från Östersjön har därför grupper av yrkesfiskare från Sveriges ostkust identifierats. Genom matchning med olika register har grupper av hustrur och f.d. hustrur till dessa yrkesfiskare (fiskarhustrur), samt grupper av systrar och halv-systrar (fiskarsystrar) kunnat identifierats. Som jämförelsepopulation (icke exponerad population) har motsvarande grupper identifierats bland yrkesfiskare på svenska västkusten.<br/><br> <br/><br> Enkäter skickades till fiskarhustrur och fiskarsystrar för att samla in information om deras första planerade graviditet. Förutom väntetid till graviditet ställdes även frågor om graviditetens utfall för att kunna beräkna missfallsrisken på gruppnivå. Dessutom frågades efter andra faktorer som också kan misstänkas påverka fruktsamhet, som t.ex. rökvanor och arbetstider. Svarsfrekvensen i de båda grupperna låg strax under 60 % (1090 väst- och 505 ostkustfiskarhustrur, samt 1103 väst- och 709 ostkustfiskarsystrar). För 121 ostkustfiskarhustrur och 165 ostkustfiskarsystrar analyserades blodprov för att bestämma koncentrationen av CB-153. Denna koncentration användes sedan som ett mått på exponering för PCB.<br/><br> <br/><br> Fiskarhustrurna från ostkusten hade en längre väntetid till graviditet jämfört med fiskarhustrurna från västkusten. Det visade sig att denna effekt berodde på att de ostkustkvinnor som rökte mer än tio cigaretter per dag hade en fördubblad väntetid till graviditet jämfört med de västkustkvinnor som rökte mer än tio cigaretter per dag. Bland dessa kvinnor var det också fler som vid något tillfälle i sitt liv hade en väntetid till graviditet som överskred 12 månader (34 % på västkusten jämfört med 54 % på ostkusten). Det syntes ingen skillnad mellan de ostkustkvinnor som rökte mindre än tio cigaretter per dag och de västkustkvinnor som rökte mindre än tio cigaretter per dag. Bland fiskarsystrarna kunde motsvarande förlängda väntetid till graviditet inte påvisas.<br/><br> <br/><br> Vid analyser inom ostkustgrupperna (fiskarhustrur såväl som fiskarsystrar) förelåg en förkortad, snarare än förlängd, väntetid till graviditet för kvinnor som växt upp i en fiskarfamilj eller fiskeläge, och för kvinnor som idag äter mycket ostkustfisk. Dessa skillnader var dock inte statistiskt säkerställda. Det fanns ingen skillnad i väntetid till graviditet mellan ostkustfiskarhustrur med hög och låg koncentration av CB-153. Dock fanns en förkortad väntetid till graviditet hos ostkustfiskarsystrar med medel och hög koncentration av CB-153, så till vida att kvinnor med i ”medelgruppen” hade 62 procents kortare tid till graviditet, och kvinnor i ”höggruppen” hade 82 procents kortare tid till graviditet än vad ”låggruppen” hade.<br/><br> <br/><br> Ostkustkvinnorna hade inte högre risk för missfall än västkustkvinnorna. Inte heller förelåg en ökad risk för de ostkustkvinnor som var uppväxta i fiskarfamilj eller fiskeläge, eller som idag har en hög konsumtion av fet ostkustfisk. Vidare hade ostkustkvinnor som haft missfall eller fött dödfödda barn inte högre koncentrationer av CB-153 än de kvinnor som fött levande barn.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sammanfattningsvis ger dessa studier inget belägg för att kvinnans exponering för PCB genom konsumtion av fet östersjöfisk påverkar fruktsamheten. Vidare syns ingen påverkan av fruktsamheten av de koncentrationer av CB-153 som finns hos storkonsumenter av östersjöfisk. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/9771dd67-3822-4794-ab8d-dd73e7427981 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/8022329/aaxdoc.pdf application/pdf 572060 no Anna Axmon, Dept of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden, 2003 eng industrial medicine Yrkesmedicin arbetsmiljömedicin Public health epidemiology Folkhälsa epidemiologi Occupational health DDE DDT dioxins polychlorinated biphenyls persistent organochlorine compounds stillbirths miscarriages Fertility time to pregnancy Occupational Health and Environmental Health 91-628-5561-1 465448 105 2003-03-14T10:15:00+01:00 Article: Axmon A, Rylander L, Strömberg U, Hagmar L. Time to pregnancy and infertility in women with a high intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds. Scand J Work Environ Health 2000;26(3):199-206.Axmon A, Rylander L, Strömberg U, Hagmar L. Miscarriages and stillbirths in women with a high intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds. Int Arch Occup Env Med 2000;73:204-208.Axmon A, Rylander L, Strömberg U, Dyremark E, Hagmar L. Polychlorinated biphenyls in blood plasma among Swedish female fish consumers in relation to time to pregnancy. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001;64(6):485-498.Axmon A, Rylander L, Strömberg U, Hagmar L. Female fertility in relation to the consumption of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds. Scand J Work Environ Health 2002;28(2):124-132.Axmon A, Rylander L, Strömberg U, Jönsson B, Nilsson-Ehle P, Hagmar L. Polychlorinated biphenyls in serum and time to pregnancy. Submitted. 9771dd67-3822-4794-ab8d-dd73e7427981 2016-04-04T12:24:15+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:24:15+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ac591b9a-7817-4304-a231-229104d183e3 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rune Grubb-salen, Biomedicinskt centrum, Sölvegatan 19, LUND 1 Pontus Hegardt author 8d986860-28be-490d-9fd5-dd09c119899b [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Kristoffer Hellstrand opponent Neurosurgery v1000450 department This study aims at clarifying the role of NO in the immunosuppression induced by in vivo tumor growth and by tumor immunotherapy, and determining whether the inhibition of NO production can be used as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy. We have shown previously that tumor cells, glioma (N32) and colon carcinoma (H1D2), when genetically engineered to express such immune stimulatory cytokines as IFN-g and IL-18, induce strong anti-tumor immune response, in immunized tumor-free rats, whereas only a limited therapeutic effect is achieved in rats in which a tumor has already become established. This led us to our studying whether immmunosuppression induced in rats by a subcutaneously growing malignant glioma and in rats with an intrahepatic growing colon carcinaoma would attenuate anti-tumor immune responses. Anti-tumor cytolytic responses, proliferative responses and cytokine production were found to all be strongly suppressed in the spleen cells of these tumor-bearing rats. The suppression was also shown to be partially dependent on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the suppressor cells found in the plastic adherent fraction of the spleen cells. Since during inflammatory responses the major part of NO is derived from the IFN-g induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), it was of interest to investigate whether the expression of iNOS is induced after immunization by IFN-g-secreting glioma cells (N32 IFN-g) and whether the inhibition of NO generated by iNOS in immunized rats would enhance anti-tumor immune responses. The expression of iNOS was found to be elevated, both at the immunization site and in the brain tumors. The selective inhibition of iNOS was shown to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that in immunized rats both growing tumors and immunotherapeutic intervention by use of IFN-g secreting tumor cells tends to induce NO-dependent suppressor cell activity that inhibits anti-tumor immune responses. It appear then that the selective inhibition of iNOS can be used as an adjuvant for enhancing type 1 anti tumor T-cell responses during anti-tumor immunotherapy. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Tumörimmunologisk grundkurs:<br/><br> <br/><br> En tumörcell har en gång i tiden varit en vanlig laglydig cell i någon av kroppens vävnader men på grund av arv eller dålig uppväxtmiljö så har denna cell upphört att följa de tillväxt begränsande regler som normala celler rättar sig efter. Förutom att kontrollen av celldelningen upphört så kan tumörcellen uppvisa ett mer eller mindre asocialt beteende. De tumörer som fortfarande är lyhörda för en del av kroppens tillväxt begränsande regler och signaler och därför inte invaderar omgivande vävnad brukar benämnas benign tumör. Medan den värre sorten som är helt okänslig för vad omgivningen tycker ger sig på att invadera omgivande vävnad. Denna tumörform är alltså malign och brukar benämnas cancer. När cancer invaderar annan vävnad kallas detta för metastasering.<br/><br> <br/><br> Immunförsvaret liknas ofta vid vårt militära försvar och i grova drag så kan tre olika försvarslinjer urskiljas. Första försvarslinjen består av anatomiska, fysiologiska och kemiska barriärer dvs. hud, pH, temperatur och kemiska substanser. Den andra försvarslinjen består av så kallade fagocyterande celler (monocyter, makrofager, och neutrofiler) som ?patrullerar blod och vävnader? för att snabbt vara på plats för att döda och äta upp hela eller delar av invaderande mikroorgamismer. De fagocyterande cellerna och andra celler i det ospecifika immunförsvaret, som t.ex. NK celler, håller fienden stången till dess att den tredje försvarslinjen bestående av det specifika immunförsvaret alarmerats och aktiverats. Det specifika immunförsvaret består av högt specialiserade B och T lymphocyter där varje enskild cell är utbildad till att känna igen en specifik molekylstruktur eller antigen på ytan av till exempel infekterade celler eller ?fria? främmande agens i kroppsvätskor och vävnader. Samtidigt med denna specialisering så är detta immunförsvar oerhört diversifierat och kan aktiveras till att känna igen praktiskt taget vilken främmande molekyl struktur som helst. Dessa celler har också lärt sig att skilja kroppsegna ämnen från främmande. En annan viktig egenskap är att det specifika immunförsvaret har ett immunologiskt minne, vilket gör att immunförsvaret vid en andra infektionen av identiskt virus eller bakterie reagerar mycket snabbt och därigenom undviker att individen insjuknar i samma infektion en gång till. Man är immun.<br/><br> <br/><br> Redan för mer än hundra år sedan så började en del läkare ana att immunförsvaret kunde aktiveras till att bekämpa tumörer. Man hade nämligen sett att en del tumörer minskade då patienter insjuknade i vissa bakterie infektioner. Under en stor del av 1900 talet så debatterades huruvida immunreaktioner kunde aktiveras mot tumörceller som uppstått från kroppens egna celler. Det dröjde till senare delen av 1900-talet innan man i djurmodeller lyckades visa att immunförsvaret utan att skada annan vävnad kunde känna igen och avstöta kroppsegna tumörer. Under det senaste decenniet så har ett flertal tumörspecifika proteiner identifierats. Paradoxen inom tumörimmunologi är att tumörer, trots att immunreaktioner kan aktiveras till att stöta bort dessa, kan växa ut hos individer med väl fungerande immunfunktioner. Tumörer har alltså utvecklat strategier för att undfly immunförsvarets attacker. Många tumörer undviker att upptäckas av immunförsvaret genom att inte visa upp sina tumörspecifika proteiner på cellytan. Ett annan strategi är att aktivt ge sig på immunförsvaret och neutralisera dess förmåga till att attackera tumören. Hos patienter med cancer så har det observerats att immunförsvarsreaktioner försämras i takt med att tumören växer till.<br/><br> <br/><br> Många olika strategier har använts för att aktivera immunförsvarsreaktioner mot tumörer, vid så kallad tumör vaccinering. En av de viktigaste cellerna i immunförsvarets attack mot tumörer anses av många vara de cytolytiska T-cellerna, men även andra inflammatoriska celler såsom NK-celler och makrofager kan understödja i attacken mot tumören. I våra vaccinationer så använder vi oss därför av tumörceller som har manipulerats (genetiskt) till att uttrycka molekyler som skall förstärka dessa immunreaktioner mot tumören.<br/><br> <br/><br> Denna studie:<br/><br> <br/><br> I denna studie så har vi arbetat med två olika rått-tumörmodeller, en gliom och en koloncancer. Hos råttor med etablerad hjärntumör så har vi tidigare visat att vaccinering med gliom-celler som manipulerats till att producera den immunstimulerande molekylen IFN-g leder till tumöravstötning och långtidsöverlevnad hos över 40% av råttorna. I kolon-tumörmodellen så har vi vaccinerat med tumörceller som producerar IL-18. Vaccinering med den senare leder till skydd mot nyetablering av tumör men inte till avstötning av redan etablerad tumör. En av förklaringarna till utebliven bot i dessa båda modeller (60% i gliom och 100% i kolon) kan vara att tumören lyckats avväpna eller passivisera immunförsvaret. För att ta reda på om detta var fallet i vår tumörmodell så undersöktes immunfunktionen hos immunceller från tumörbärande djur. Det visade sig då att immunceller från djur med växande gliom eller kolontumör hade kraftigt försämrad förmåga till att attackera tumörceller. Dessutom så kunde vi se att funktionen hos dessa immunceller försämrades i takt med att tumörerna växte.<br/><br> <br/><br> Tumörer kan neutralisera immunförsvaret genom att utsöndra faktorer som direkt neutraliserar immunförsvaret eller genom att aktivera andra celler i immunförsvaret till att producera immunhämmande faktorer. En överreaktion eller okontrollerad immunreaktion är direkt livsfarlig för den enskilde individen (jämför med en armé som vänder sig mot den egna staten), därför är immunförsvaret konstruerat så att en immunaktivering automatiskt skall stängas av då faran är över. En del av de faktorer som produceras av aktiverade immunceller bidrar till att dämpa eller nedreglera immunreaktioner. I många fall så tycks det som om tumörer lyckats med konststycket att aktivera immunceller till att producera immmunhämmande substanser. Detta undersöktes därför i våra tumörmodeller och vi kunde konstatera att i mjälten på våra råttor så fanns det immunceller som verkade hämmade på immunreaktionerna mot tumören. Dessa celler visade sig också producera onormalt höga nivåer av kväveoxid.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det har varit känt i knappt 15 år att kväveoxid är en viktig signalsubstans för reglering av blodflöde. Denna upptäckt belönades också 1998 med nobelpriset i medicin, och har bland annat lett till utvecklandet av den kända medicinen Viagra. Intresset för kväveoxidernas funktion inom medicinsk biologi har därefter vuxit explosionsartat och kväveoxider har tillskrivits allt fler fysiologiska funktioner. För cirka 10 år sedan så kunde man visa att kväveoxider produceras från aktiverade immunceller och framförallt ifrån makrofager. Denna kväveoxid-produktion utnyttjas av immunförsvaret till att ta kål på tumörceller eller invaderande mikroorganismer men kan också leda till att immunceller och framförallt de viktiga T-cellerna inaktiveras. I vår studie så kunde vi visa att den ökade kväveoxid-produktionen var en av de bidragande orsakerna till de försämrade immunfunktionerna hos tumörbärande råttor.<br/><br> <br/><br> Kväveoxid-produktion från aktiverade immunceller kan alltså påverka immunförsvarets attacker mot tumörer. Därför ville vi undersöka om vaccinering med våra IFN-g producerande tumörceller påverkade kväveoxid-produktionen hos våra råttor. Resultat från denna studie visar att vaccinering av råttor med dessa IFN-g producerande tumörceller leder till ökad kväveoxid produktion från makrofager såväl vid immuniseringsstället som i den växande hjärntumören. För att ta reda på vilken roll denna ökade kväveoxid-produktion kunde ha för immunförsvarsfunktionerna så behandlades vaccinerade råttor med en substans som hämmar kväveoxid-produktionen. Det visade sig att behandling med kväveoxid-hämmare ledde till förstärkta immunreaktioner mot tumören.<br/><br> <br/><br> Våran slutsats är att behandling med kväveoxid-hämmare i kombination med tumör-vaccinering skulle kunna användas för att förbättra immunoterapi-behandling av cancer. Försök har inletts för att studera detta. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ac591b9a-7817-4304-a231-229104d183e3 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5999640/1693472.pdf application/pdf 3872897 no Pontus Hegardt, BMC I:12, 221 84 Lund, 2002 eng Immunology serology transplantation Immunologi serologi IL-18 IFN-gamma rat colon carcinoma glioma tumor immunotherapy immunosuppression NO iNOS Surgery Neurology 91-628-5089-X 464251 162 2002-02-01T10:15:00+01:00 Article: I. Hegardt, P., Widegren, B., and Sjögren H.O. Nitric Oxide dependent systemic immunosuppression in animals with progressively growing malignant gliomas. Cellular Immunology, 200, 116-127 (2000) Article: II. Hegardt, P., Widegren, B., Li, L., Sjögren, B., Kjellman, C., Sur, I., and Sjögren, H.O. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and IL-18 enhance the anti-tumor immune response of rats carrying an intrahepatic coloncarcinoma.Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, 50, 491-501 (2001) Article: III. Johansson, A.C., Hegardt, P., Janelidze, S., Visse, E., Widegren, B., and Siesjö, P. Enhanced expression of iNOS intra tumorally and at the immunization site after immunization with IFN-g secreting rat glioma cells. Journal of Neuroimmunology, In press Article: IV. Hegardt, P., Esbjörnsson, M., Salford, L.G., and Siesjö, P. Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase enhances anti-tumor immune responses in rats immunized with IFN-g secreting glioma cells. Submitted ac591b9a-7817-4304-a231-229104d183e3 2016-04-04T12:24:55+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:24:55+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d910709a-22c3-4287-83cd-93bd2062df35 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Sofia Fahlvik Svensson author a74b9565-00e9-413b-9306-492c26f7d594 Heiner Linke supervisor 5a7833d3-b4e9-489f-b214-933b4dfb7550 Prof. Saskia Fischer opponent Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany Solid State Physics v1000623 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Thermoelectricity is being intensively researched as it is believed to hold great promise for applications in power generation and cooling. One way to quantify the electrical power output of a thermoelectric material is the power factor, a function of electrical conductivity and thermopower. There are relationships between these relevant material properties that make efficient thermoelectric materials challenging to produce. The development of methods for creating nanostructured materials has allowed such trade-offs in material properties to be circumvented. Quantum dots are useful as model systems in this context since they have tunable energy filtering effects<br/><br> that are straightforward to characterize.<br/><br> <br/><br> The work described in this thesis explores thermoelectric phenomena in quantum<br/><br> dots. The aim of this work was to gain a better understanding of the most basic thermoelectric behavior of quantum dots. This knowledge can provide deeper insight into which mechanisms may be of interest in increasing the efficiency of a thermoelectric material. A deeper understanding also allows the measurement method itself to be used as a tool for characterization. A thermoelectric measurement can complement the more commonly used electrical conductance measurements, by both confirming and supplementing data. This could be of great importance for the investigation of physical phenomena in nanostructures.<br/><br> <br/><br> The quantum dots used in this work were defined in semiconductor nanowires. They were formed either by heterostructure growth or afterwards during fabrication of devices. The thermoelectric properties of the quantum dots were thoroughly investigated in the Coulomb blockade regime, and both linear and nonlinear responses as a function of the applied thermal gradient were observed and explained. <br/><br> <br/><br> Thermoelectric measurements were also successfully used to characterize different InAs nanowire devices, either with the nanowire as is or covered by a polymer electrolyte. Closer investigations of these devices revealed physical properties of the nanowires that could be used to improve thermoelectric efficiency. In fact, this thesis presents the first measurements demonstrating an increase in thermoelectric power factor at low temperatures. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Att en temperaturskillnad kan ge upphov till en elektrisk ström upptäcktes redan på 1800-talet och fenomenet är känt som den termoelektriska effekten. Denna effekt skulle kunna effektivisera energianvändningen överallt där det går att utnyttja en temperaturskillnad. Ett exempel är i en bil där en stor del av energin som tillförs genom bränsle förloras som spillvärme. Om denna spillvärme kunde användas för att driva ett termoelektriskt element istället för att bara slösas bort skulle bränsleförbrukningen kunna minskas. Under drygt tjugo år runt mitten av förra århundradet utvecklades, med hjälp av nyvunna kunskaper om halvledare, den teknologi som ännu idag används i många kommersiella termoelektriska element.<br/><br> <br/><br> Dagens termoelement är inte särskilt effektiva och den termoelektriska effekten utnyttjas därför främst inom specialområden där storlek, hållbarhet och tillförlitlighet är viktigare än hur mycket energi som kan produceras. Ett exempel på ett sådant område är satelliter och rymdsonder där man använder radioisotopsgeneratorer. Dessa bygger på att termoelektriska element omvandlar den värme som produceras vid radioaktivt sönderfall till elektricitet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Under 1990-talet förutspåddes utvecklingen inom nanoteknik vara lösningen för att förbättra effektiviteten hos termoelektriska material, och därmed göra dem gångbara som ett miljövänligt alternativ för att producera elektricitet, inte bara inom speciella applikationer, utan även i vårt dagliga liv. Med nanoteknik kan man producera material som består av komponenter som är mindre än 100 nanometer i åtminstone en dimension. Ett hårstrå är ungefär 70 000-100 000 nanometer tjockt. En sådan kraftig minskning av en komponents storlek gör att elektronerna inte längre kan röra sig i den riktningen, de begränsas alltså till rörelse i två dimensioner om den tredje dimensionen görs i nanoskala. Man kan begränsa elektronerna rörelsefrihet i ytterligare dimensioner genom att skala ner fler av komponentens sidor till nanostorlek, se Figur 1 för en illustrativ beskrivning av detta.<br/><br> <br/><br> Förhoppningen är att man med hjälp av denna begränsning av elektronernas<br/><br> rörelsefrihet ska kunna kringgå ett fundamentalt problem med termoelektricitet:<br/><br> Ett effektivt termoelektriskt element måste ha tre egenskaper:<br/><br> 1. God elektrisk ledningsförmåga,<br/><br> 2. Dålig värmeledningsförmåga,<br/><br> 3. En liten temperaturskillnad bör ge upphov till en stor spänning, eller med andra ord; hög termoelektrisk effekt.<br/><br> Dessa tre egenskaper är mer eller mindre omöjliga att kombinera i tredimensionella (3D) material, till exempel medför en god elektrisk ledningsförmåga också en god värmeledningsförmåga. I nanostrukturer gäller dock inte längre de samband mellan ovanstående egenskaper som omöjliggör ett effektivt termoelektriskt element. Man har redan bevisat att man i en endimensionell (1D) struktur, en nanotråd (Figur 2), kan minska värmeledningsförmågan med hjälp av de reducerade dimensionerna utan att påverka övriga egenskaper hos materialet. <br/><br> <br/><br> Vår forskning fokuserar på en struktur som förhindrar elektronernas rörelse i alla riktningar – en nolldimensionell kvantprick (Figur 1 (d)) i en nanotråd (Figur 2). Det speciella med en sådan kvantprick är att man kontrollerat kan tillåta elektroner att passera genom den och att man också kan välja vid vilken energi detta sker. Vi vill försöka förstå de mest grundläggande termoelektriska fenomen som uppstår när man utsätter en kvantprick för en temperaturskillnad. Denna information kan i framtiden ligga till grund för utvecklingen av effektivare termoelektriska material. Som bonus har vi insett att termoelektriska mätningar i sig själva kan användas för att komplettera strömmätningar när man undersöker låg-dimensionella system, något som tidigare inte har utnyttjats i särskilt stor utsträckning.<br/><br> <br/><br> Ett oväntat resultat av vår forskning är att vi har kunnat se en ökning i termoelektrisk effektivitet i 1D nanotrådar vid temperaturer nära den absoluta nollpunkten (-270 till -250 °C). Det är första gången någon har observerat en sådan ökning. Denna ökning är nära knuten till kvantprickar. Det har visat sig att svagt definierade kvantprickar i nanotrådar är nyckeln till en ökad termoelektrisk effekt i vårt fall. Detta är ett mycket lovande resultat eftersom det möjliggör användning av tjockare nanotrådar, vilka är lättare att tillverka. Sannolikt är det möjligt att utnyttja effekten i många<br/><br> parallellkopplade nanotrådar, vilket är en förutsättning för att kunna använda<br/><br> nanotrådarna i kommersiella sammanhang. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/d910709a-22c3-4287-83cd-93bd2062df35 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5999782/4648269.pdf application/pdf 7855632 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2014 eng Fysicumarkivet A:2014:Fahlvik Svensson Coulomb blockade nanowire thermoelectricity quantum dot Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7623-065-7 4648263 93 2014-10-17T09:30:00+02:00 d910709a-22c3-4287-83cd-93bd2062df35 2016-04-04T12:24:57+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:24:57+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:bd779c60-c140-41cf-87c6-f28523cd1ab5 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room E:B, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Christian Howard author 73f7a0f4-1a6c-4bc0-9dd8-922824ce7aec Johan Marklund supervisor e3dd599a-11ef-4819-85eb-b6c3d7f9119a Professor Ruud Teunter opponent University of Groningen, The Netherlands Production Management v1000259 department Inventory control is a crucial activity for many companies. Given the recent advances in information technology, there have never been greater opportunities for coordinated inventory control across supply chain facilities. But how do we design efficient control methods and policies that take advantage of the detailed information that is now becoming available? This doctoral thesis investigates these issues within the field of inventory control theory. The objective of the research is:<br/><br> <br/><br> To develop mathematical models and policies for efficient control and increased understanding of stochastic multi-echelon inventory systems, with a focus on allocation decisions and the use of real-time information.<br/><br> <br/><br> This thesis is based on five scientific papers which are preceded by a summarizing introduction. The papers address different types of inventory distribution systems, all consisting of a central stocking facility that supplies an arbitrary number of local stocking facilities (referred to as retailers). The retailers face stochastic end customer demand. The systems are characterized by the presence of real-time inventory information, including continuously updated information on the current inventory levels at different facilities and on the locations of outstanding orders.<br/><br> <br/><br> In Paper I and Paper II we derive and evaluate different decision rules for stock allocation (known as allocation policies) for a central warehouse which applies a time based shipment consolidation strategy. The allocation policy determines how the central warehouse should distribute its stock among different retailers in case of shortages. New allocation policies that utilize real-time information are compared to the commonly used First Come - First Served policy which requires less information.<br/><br> <br/><br> In Paper III we shift focus to the delivery policy at a central warehouse which supplies multiple retailers that order in batches. When the central warehouse cannot satisfy an entire retailer order immediately, the delivery policy determines if the order should be shipped in several parts or in its entirety when all items are available. We investigate the value of using a new delivery policy that uses real-time information on when replenishments will arrive at the central warehouse. The information is used to determine the best course of action for<br/><br> each order placed by the retailers. We also study how to allocate safety stocks to all facilities in the system given this new policy.<br/><br> <br/><br> In Paper IV and Paper V we consider a system where retailers may receive emergency shipments from a support warehouse in combination with regular replenishments from a central warehouse/outside supplier. We investigate how safety stocks should be allocated between the retailers and the support warehouse. Furthermore, we evaluate the benefits of tracking orders in real time and using this information in the decision whether or not to request an emergency shipment. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/bd779c60-c140-41cf-87c6-f28523cd1ab5 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6004780/3737570.pdf application/pdf 382336 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2013 eng Inventory Multi-echelon Real-time information Stochastic Stock allocation Transport Systems and Logistics 978-91-7473-509-3 3737559 170 2013-06-14T10:00:00+02:00 bd779c60-c140-41cf-87c6-f28523cd1ab5 2016-04-04T12:26:15+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:26:15+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:24bfb20a-d0e6-46e0-8f73-c3e1aef07d10 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall M:B, M-building, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering. 1 Ulf Aronsson author 16530c06-6d32-463b-8c69-ac642c046c16 Öivind Andersson supervisor 6c8ba8ef-efd0-4f18-a099-1432b09b4ac3 Associate Professor, PhD José Pastor opponent CMT Motores Térmico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain. Sustainable energy systems v1000207 department This project deals with questions related to generic diesel combustion research and optically accessible engines are used to study the combustion process. Images of the combustion are analyzed together with in-cylinder pressure and exhaust gas emission measurements. The results can be divided into two main categories: one about evaluations of optically accessible engines and one about studies of emissions and heat release. The focus is on the link between the combustion event and engine-out emissions. The reason for putting efforts on the first category is to get more reliable information from the second one.<br/><br> First, the mechanical behaviour during operation of optical engines is discussed. Optical engines may suffer from distortion of the in-cylinder volume trace due to mechanical deformation from mass, pressure and thermal forces. This distortion causes errors in heat release calculations. A method to account for the errors is therefore developed which makes the calculations insensitive to mechanical deformations.<br/><br> The optical access also affects the engines heat transfer properties which can cause differences in heat release and engine-out emissions compared to all-metal engines. Fortunately, it is possible to compensate for the differences and achieve realistic engine-out emissions and combustion phasing by adjusting the charge temperature.<br/><br> The engine-out soot emissions are the result of a complex series of events including fuel air mixing, premixed combustion, mixing controlled combustion, and late soot oxidation. The first part of the emission section in this thesis deals with factors that are known to be important for the soot formation and estimates how they affect the engine-out soot emissions. The goal is to identify characteristics of the soot formation that are important for the engine-out smoke level and thereby the soot particle mass. Two studies are included in this chapter, one about air entrainment and one about early soot formation. It is indicated that the rate of soot-formation during the quasi-steady jet-phase has a rather weak relation to the level of engine-out soot. This is despite the usage of few, small, nozzle holes leading to a long injection duration with a large portion of the combustion taking place during the fuel injection period. The observation is explained as follows: First, a large fraction of the soot is formed in the transition between the premixed and spray-driven combustion which weighs down the importance of the quasi-steady jet-phase. Second, factors that enhance the soot formation during the jet phase in some cases also enhances the soot oxidation during this phase. Third, correlations to emissions of CO and UHC further point to the importance of the oxidation process and characteristics of the heat release indicates that this is partly related to the late cycle. <br/><br> The second part of the emission section deals with the sources of CO and UHC during low temperature combustion. It is suggested that the squish volume is crucial for the engine-out CO and UHC levels during low load. Two combustion concepts with different injection strategies are investigated, one with very early start of injection (SOI) and one with SOI close to TDC. The squish volume is indicated to be the major source of not fully oxidized products in both cases which shows that the importance of this source is not easily erased. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Dieselmotorn, uppkallad efter sin uppfinnare Rudolf Diesel, patenterades 1892 och har sedan dess bidragit väsentligt till utvecklingen av samhället. Den viktigaste användningen är som kraftkälla i fordon och detta användningsområde ökar fortfarande. Andelen dieselmotorer i nyregistrerade personbilar i Västeuropa har nyligen passerat 50 %. För kommersiella fordon som lastbilar, fartyg och arbetsmaskiner har dieselmotorn varit den viktigaste kraftkällan i många decennier.<br/><br> Dieselmotorn är dock ännu inte fullt utvecklad och kraven på förbättringar är fortfarande höga. I början låg fokus på prestanda och hållbarhet, numera är det emissionslagstiftningar och efterfrågan på högre verkningsgrad som driver utvecklingen. Fokus är att utveckla rena dieselmotorer med minimal miljöpåverkan. De lagstadgade emissionerna från dieselmotorer är partiklar (PM), kväveoxider (NOx), oförbrända kolväten (UHC) och kolmonoxid (CO). En femte emission som inte är lagstiftad men i vissa länder uppmuntras att sänkas med skatter är koldioxid (CO2). De fyra lagstiftade emissionerna påverkas till stor del av hur förbränningen sker i motorn medan CO2-utsläppen står i proportion till bränsleförbrukningen.<br/><br> Målet med detta arbete är att få nya insikter om dieselförbränning. Fokus ligger på kopplingen mellan förbränningens karakteristik och utsläppen ut ur motorn. Det experimentella arbetet utförs på optiska motorer vilket helt enkelt är motorer där delar av förbränningsrummet ersätts med glas. I en optikmotor kan förbränningen studeras passivt med en kamera eller aktivt, det vill säga att vissa ämnen accentueras med hjälp av en laser. <br/><br> Det första ämnet som diskuteras i avhandlingen är hur ombyggnaden för att få optisk access påverkar motorns mekaniska beteende. Motorn utsätts för mekaniska deformationer från tryckkrafter, accelerationskrafter och termisk expansion. Förutom att detta påfrestar de olika motordelarna så påverkar det också cylindervolymen vid en given vevvinkelgrad. Ett problem som uppstår på grund av detta är att analys av tryckdata såsom värmefrigörelseberäkningar är beroende av ett noggrant volymspår. Vidare så påverkar också den optiska accessen värmeöverföringen från motorn vilket ändrar både förbränningsfasningen och emissionerna ut ur motorn. I avhandlingen beskrivs metoder för att eliminera både felen som är relaterade till motorns dynamik och dess värmeöverföringsegenskaper. Vilket gör att data från optikmotorer blir mer tillförlitliga. <br/><br> Motorns sotutsläpp är resultatet av en komplex serie av händelser, t.ex. blandning mellan bränsle och luft, förblandad förbränning, blandningskontrollerad förbränning, sotoxidation både under huvudförbränningen och sent i cykeln. I avhandlingen studeras hur faktorer som är kända för att vara viktiga för sotbildning påverkar motorns sotutsläpp. Målet är att identifiera egenskaper hos sotbildningen som är viktiga för motorns röknivå och därmed sotpartikelmassan. Två undersökningar studerar detta ämne; en där lufttillblandningen i jeten studeras med ramanspektroskopi och en där den tidiga sotbildningen studeras med tidsupplöst laserinducerad inkandescens. Undersökningarna visar att sotbildningen under den kvasistationära jetfasen av förbränningen har en ganska svag relation till sotnivån i avgaserna. Detta trots att det studerade körfallet använder en ganska lång insprutningsduration, 27 vevvinkelgrader. Det förklaras med att mycket av sotbildningen sker innan jetten är stationär och att faktorer som ger gynnsamma förutsättningar för sotbildning under jetfasen i vissa fall även gynnar sotoxidationen.<br/><br> Ett sätt att effektivt minska bildningen av sot och NOx är att sänka förbränningstemperaturen med hjälp av inblandning av recirkulerade och kylda avgaser. Ett problem med sådana lågtemperatur förbränningskoncept är förhöjda nivåer av CO och UHC. Källor till CO och UHC undersöks med hjälp av laser inducerad fluorescens för två koncept med olika insprutningsstrategier. Inflytandet av last och syrgashalt studerades också. Resultaten visar att volymen mellan kolvtoppen och cylinderhuvudet utanför kolvgropen, squish volymen, är den viktigaste källan till CO och en viktig källa till UHC. Detta beror främst på att temperaturen i squish zonen är för låg för en effektiv slutoxidation.<br/><br> Sammanfattningsvis presenterar denna avhandling nya insikter om 1) hur optiska motorer skall köras för att få realistisk förbränningsfasning och emissioner ut ur motorn, 2) hur dynamiken hos olika motordelar under drift påverkar cylindervolymen och hur detta skall beaktas för att få en korrekt tryckanalys, 3) relationen mellan karakteristik hos sotbildningen och sotutsläppen ur motorn och slutligen 4) källor till CO och UHC under lågtemperaturförbränning https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/24bfb20a-d0e6-46e0-8f73-c3e1aef07d10 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6006988/1883188.pdf application/pdf 1894813 no 2011 eng Diesel Engines Optical Engines Heat Release Combustion Emissions Formation Mechanical Deformation Other Mechanical Engineering 978-91-7473-116-3 1883158 214 2011-04-29T10:15:00+02:00 24bfb20a-d0e6-46e0-8f73-c3e1aef07d10 2016-04-04T12:50:18+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T12:50:18+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3b6818d0-60d7-4160-aac0-1a7e7eada1fc 2025-10-30T09:08:37Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Room V:B, V-building, John Ericssons Väg 1, Lund 1 Mikael Lantz author 9bf90de6-c8c8-45eb-a439-fd3de8072aa7 Pål Börjesson supervisor a83045ef-6e1e-425a-a100-74217ec4ed27 Professor Frank Scholwin opponent Rostock University, Germany Environmental and Energy Systems Studies v1000256 department Addressing today’s challenges of reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and related emissions of greenhouse gases requires measures such as increased energy efficiency and replacement of fossil energy carriers with renewable ones. Biogas is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the world and the overarching purpose of the research presented in this doctoral thesis is to explore the prospects of an increased production and utilization of biogas in a Swedish context.<br/><br> Biogas can be produced from various kinds of organic material such as municipal and industrial waste, which dominate the current production. This is driven by existing policy incentives, which also promote the use of biogas as vehicle fuel. However, the lion’s share of the Swedish biogas potential remains essentially untapped within the agricultural sector, including feedstock such as manure, crop residues and dedicated biogas crops. If fully utilized, biogas from wastes and residues only could replace 10% of the vehicle fuels or 50% of the natural gas used in Sweden today. This implies that existing incentives must be strengthened to overcome today’s barriers, especially regarding the limited profitability in biogas production based on agricultural feedstock as identified in this thesis. In addition, the techno-economic performance needs to be improved, for example by reduced feedstock costs and increased methane yields. For low-cost feedstock, such as manure, measures to reduce the cost of capital and the related cost of operation and maintenance are especially important. <br/><br> In the environmental assessment presented in this thesis, it was found that biogas produced in an existing, representative co-digestion plant, reduced emissions of greenhouse gases by approximately 90% when replacing fossil vehicle fuels. Based on the current structure of the Swedish energy system, the replacement of fossil vehicle fuels with biogas would normally render the highest reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, followed by the replacement of natural gas and other fossil energy carriers, indicating that these utilization options should be prioritized. However, given the additional greenhouse gas benefits of biogas produced from manure, regardless of how the biogas is utilized, such production should also be promoted.<br/><br> In conclusion, the overall findings in this thesis show that there are substantial opportunities to increase the production and utilization of biogas in Sweden, which would reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly. However, current challenges, including the limited profitability in biogas production based on agricultural feedstock, should be met by further technology development combined with adequate and focused policy instruments. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Biogas, som i huvudsak består av metan och koldioxid produceras när mikroorganismer bryter ned organiskt material utan tillgång till syre, så kallad rötning. I princip kan alla typer av organiskt material användas för att producera biogas men vanligast är till exempel avloppsslam, olika typer av avfall från hushåll och industrier, gödsel, grödor och odlingsrester. <br/><br> Biogas kan användas för att producera elektricitet och värme. Den kan också användas som fordonsbränsle eller för att ersätta naturgas i olika industriella processer. <br/><br> Den svenska biogaspotentialen från restprodukter är drygt 8 TWh vilket motsvarar ungefär 10 % av den totala mängden bensin och diesel eller 50 % av den totala mängden naturgas som används i Sverige idag. I dagsläget produceras biogas huvudsakligen från avloppsslam och avfall men den stora potentialen finns inom lantbrukssektorn i form av gödsel och odlingsrester. Det är också möjligt att producera biogas från grödor. Om 5 % av den svenska åkermarken skulle avsättas för biogasgrödor skulle potentialen öka med cirka 50 %. <br/><br> Ur miljösynpunkt kan produktion och användning av biogas leda till stora vinster. Biogas från avfall och restprodukter, i synnerhet gödsel, ger till exempel mycket låga utsläpp av växthusgaser. Den miljöanalys av en modern samrötningsanläggning som presenteras i den här avhandlingen visar till exempel att utsläppen av växthusgaser minskar med ungefär 90 % om biogasen används som drivmedel och ersätter bensin och diesel. <br/><br> Det finns idag ett antal olika styrmedel som på olika sätt påverkar förutsättningarna för att producera biogas. Generellt är dessa styrmedel antingen inriktade på hur olika råmaterial ska hanteras eller på hur den producerade biogasen ska användas. Inom avfallsområdet har det till exempel införts ett förbud mot att deponera organiskt avfall och ett av våra nationella miljömål säger att 50 % av det organiska hushållsavfallet ska behandlas biologiskt år 2018. Produktionen av biogas från avfall ökar också kontinuerligt. Inom lantbrukssektorn, där den stora potentialen finns, är befintliga styrmedel (till exempel investeringsstöd) däremot för svaga för att stimulera en utbyggnad. De tekno-ekonomiska analyser som presenteras i den här avhandlingen visar också att produktion av biogas från grödor, odlingsrester och gödsel i de flesta fall inte är lönsam med de förutsättningar som råder i Sverige idag. <br/><br> Det finns därför behov av ytterligare teknikutveckling för att effektivisera produktionen av biogas. Det kan till exempel röra sig om åtgärder för att minska kostnaderna eller öka gasutbytet för de substrat som biogasproduktionen baseras på. När biogas produceras från gödsel, som är ett relativt billigt substrat, skulle åtgärder som minskar kapitalkostnaderna också få stor betydelse. Om biogasen används som fordonsbränsle är det också viktigt att minska kostnaderna för transport av gas och tankstationer som idag kan stå för halva priset till slutkonsument. Det skulle till exempel räcka med en prisökning på 5 % hos biogasproducenten för att kunna producera biogas från grödor och gödsel med lönsamhet. <br/><br> Det finns också förslag på styrmedel för att gynna en gödselbaserad produktion av biogas som skulle kunna få stor betydelse. Ett så kallat metanreduceringsstöd på 20 öre/kWh biogas skulle göra det lönsamt med gödselbaserad produktion av biogas oavsett om den används som fordonsgas eller för att göra el och värme. I många fall krävs det dock att gödsel från flera gårdar rötas i samma anläggning för att genom skalfördelar nå lönsamhet. <br/><br> Sammantaget visar resultaten som presenteras i denna avhandling att det finns stora möjligheter till en ökad produktion och användning av biogas i Sverige vilket skulle kunna minska utsläppen av växthusgaser betydligt. För att möta de utmaningar som finns, till exempel dagens begränsade lönsamhet för biogasproduktion från lantbruksbaserade substrat, krävs dock en fortsatt teknikutveckling i kombination med anpassade och effektiva styrmedel. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3b6818d0-60d7-4160-aac0-1a7e7eada1fc https://portal.research.lu.se/files/6007129/3512799.pdf application/pdf 673103 no 2013 eng Biogas Policy Instruments Techno-economic assessments Environmental assessments Engineering and Technology 978-91-7473-469-0 3512778 2013-03-15T09:15:00+01:00 3b6818d0-60d7-4160-aac0-1a7e7eada1fc 2016-04-04T12:50:22+02:00 2025-10-30T09:08:37Z 2016-04-04T12:50:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3942a88a-f50e-4be8-98cc-b503eac866bb 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Pangea 1 Thomas Möckel author 53d3f3d7-c3a8-457a-8ba2-bbe4eb15947f Karin Hall supervisor 95d5e5d2-d29b-4da2-82d7-e048c50a97a0 Honor C Prentice supervisor 610306d8-3fb1-4409-8c66-937c9dea5378 Dr. Duccio Rocchini opponent Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department As a consequence of agricultural intensification, large areas of species-rich grasslands<br/><br> have been lost and farmland biodiversity has declined. Previous studies have shown<br/><br> that the continuity of grazing management can have a significant influence on the<br/><br> environmental conditions and the levels of plant species diversity in grassland<br/><br> habitats. The preservation of species-rich grasslands has become a high conservation<br/><br> priority within the European Union and the mapping of grazed grassland vegetation<br/><br> across wide areas has been identified as a central task for biodiversity conservation in<br/><br> agricultural landscapes. The fact that detailed field inventories of plant communities<br/><br> are time-consuming may limit the spatial extent of grassland habitat surveys. If<br/><br> remote sensing data are able to identify grassland sites characterised by different<br/><br> environmental conditions and plant species diversity, then field sampling efforts could<br/><br> be directed towards sites that are of potential conservation interest.<br/><br> In the thesis, I have examined the potential of hyperspectral and multispectral remote<br/><br> sensing imagery to map grassland vegetation at detailed scales in dry grazed grassland<br/><br> habitats. Fieldwork included the recording of vascular plant species and<br/><br> environmental variables in grasslands plots representing three age-classes within an<br/><br> arable-to-grassland succession in an agricultural landscape on the Baltic island of<br/><br> Öland (Sweden). Remotely sensed data were acquired with the help of two airborne<br/><br> HySpex hyperspectral spectrometers (415–2501 nm) and by the multispectral<br/><br> WorldView-2 satellite.<br/><br> The results of the thesis show that the soil nutrient and moisture status within<br/><br> grassland plots influenced the hyperspectral reflectance. Hyperspectral data had the<br/><br> ability to classify grassland plots into different age-classes. Hyperspectral reflectance<br/><br> measurements could be used to predict plant indicator values for nutrient and soil<br/><br> moisture in grassland plots. Prediction models developed from hyperspectral data<br/><br> were successfully used to assess levels of plant species diversity (species richness and<br/><br> Simpsons’s diversity). In addition, between-plot dissimilarities in the satellite spectral<br/><br> reflectance were shown to be related to between-plot dissimilarities in the species<br/><br> composition in old grassland sites.<br/><br> The findings of the thesis demonstrate that remote sensing data are capable of<br/><br> capturing detailed-scale information that discriminates between grassland plant<br/><br> communities representing different environmental conditions and levels of plant<br/><br> species diversity. The results suggest that remote sensing data may have the ability for<br/><br> use as a decision-support tool to help conservation planners identify grassland habitats<br/><br> in agricultural landscapes that are of high conservation interest. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> European dry extensive grasslands are biodiversity hotspots which are severely<br/><br> threatened by land use intensification and abandonment. In order to plan efficient<br/><br> conservation actions it is necessary to collect information on the current status of<br/><br> grasslands, their species diversity and prevailing environmental conditions. Remote<br/><br> sensing technology in combination with ground surveys provides an effective tool to<br/><br> monitor ecosystem properties continuously across the landscape with high spatial<br/><br> precision in a repeatable way. In this thesis, the potential of hyper-and multispectral<br/><br> remote sensing imagery to predict grassland ecological parameters, such as grazing<br/><br> continuity, plant species diversity and habitat environmental conditions was evaluated<br/><br> studying grassland sites on the Baltic island of Öland, Sweden. Different methods<br/><br> were compared on the basis of their prediction quality and practical feasibility. The<br/><br> findings of this thesis provide a useful guidance for the selection of prediction<br/><br> methods of ecological grassland parameter in future studies. Combined with ground<br/><br> surveys, remote sensing can serve as time-efficient decision support tool for<br/><br> prioritising areas of high conservation value for management actions. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3942a88a-f50e-4be8-98cc-b503eac866bb https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5800944/5337486.pdf application/pdf 2677131 no Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University 2015 eng Plant diversity Partial least squares Ellenberg indicators Vegetation index Heterogeneity Physical Geography 978-91-85793-46-4 5277106 169 2015-05-19T10:00:00+02:00 3942a88a-f50e-4be8-98cc-b503eac866bb 2016-04-04T11:33:22+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:33:22+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:273cedb2-9ef2-4075-9c23-1a7435e3a98f 2025-11-26T14:00:55Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall B, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14 A, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Natalia Arteaga author 22e5a6e7-1c40-4081-866e-8f4c5025413e Jan Pallon supervisor 1d67a54c-e61c-46d4-9333-bd7331e45dbf Professor Philippe Moretto opponent Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France Nuclear physics v1000629 department A Single-Ion Hit Facility (SIHF) consists of a custom-build facility based in particle accelerators which offers irradiation controlling the number of delivered particles with a precise targeting localization. The irradiation spot can be confined down to the nanometre scale allowing the irradiation of subcellular compartments with a single particle. Therefore, these facilities have become a very powerful tool for biological applications specifically to study low-dose radiation effects on living cells.<br/><br> A SIHF has been created at the Lund Nuclear Microprobe (LNM-SIHF) and, in order to make it operational, several tools were fabricated. These tools included the necessary software for cell recognition, custom-designed Petri-type dishes suitable for cell culture and irradiation, and other tools which allow the evaluation of the system. Additionally, the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bystander cells after non-targeted proton irradiation was investigated on the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2).<br/><br> In-house implemented software, SeACell, provides on-line cell recognition and localization in a short time and high efficiency without the use of cell-staining dyes. The program was developed using IDL 6.2 language, and includes automated and manual targeting selection through a user-friendly interface. In addition, table colour display and filter drop-down menus were added to improve the quality of the input image if required.<br/><br> Custom-designed irradiation dishes permit controlling the cells growth position by confining them through limiting structures on the floor of the dish and therefore, facilitating repeated access to the cell position. The epoxy-based photopolymer SU-8 was patterned by UV lithography technique producing irradiation dishes, with a supporting layer of approximately 5 microns thick where 5 microns height walls were used to form the limiting structure. The entire structure contains 400 squares that can be located by a row letter and column number printed outside the grid.<br/><br> Other tools were manufactured by UV large exposure and the SU-8 photoresist: an artificial cell sample, which offered a semi-realistic scenario to test the system's capability, and a calibration sample used to establish the coordinates of the irradiation point in all the microscopes in which the cells were inspected. Also, two Ni dot arrays were fabricated using electron beam lithography to test the targeting accuracy of the system. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/273cedb2-9ef2-4075-9c23-1a7435e3a98f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5802688/1593034.pdf application/pdf 15980730 no Department of Physics, Lund University 2010 eng lithography UVL EBL SeACell human hepatoma cells (HepG2) reactive oxygen species (ROS) bystander effect SU-8 cell recognition cell irradiation Single-Ion Hit Facility low-dose Fysicumarkivet A:2010:Arteaga Marrero Subatomic Physics 978-91-628-8088-0 1593033 133 2010-05-21T10:15:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Technology) (011013007) 273cedb2-9ef2-4075-9c23-1a7435e3a98f 2016-04-04T11:33:48+02:00 2025-11-26T14:00:55Z 2016-04-04T11:33:48+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:146ea10e-cd8a-49dd-978f-bc70b932220d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydbergssalen, Department of Physics 1 Erik Mårsell author 2ce36bec-c70e-4b5f-a2cb-f35c80cce995 Anders Mikkelsen supervisor d280eb82-2d3b-4048-9618-91f8c9a8d18b Professor Martin Aeschlimann opponent Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Ultrafast nano-optics is a new and quickly evolving research field centred around the control, manipulation, and application of light on a nanometre and femtosecond scale. This can lead to improved electro-optical devices, more sensitive spectroscopy, and real-time control of chemical reactions. However, understanding the simultaneous nanometre and femtosecond evolution of nano-optical fields requires characterization methods with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution. A method that during the past 15 years has shown great promise for such studies is photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) in combination with ultrashort laser pulses. Both PEEM, nanostructure fabrication methods, and a large variety of pulsed light sources are under rapid parallel development, leading also to quickly increasing possibilities of nanometre and femtosecond characterization. <br/><br> <br/><br> This thesis explores the combination of PEEM with various state-of-the-art lab-based sources of femtosecond and attosecond pulses with wavelengths spanning from 30 nm to 1.55 µm for studies of ultrafast nano-optics. It is based on experiments carried out with five different laser systems, studying light interaction with tailored metallic and semiconducting nanostructures. The work comprises construction of new experimental setups, PEEM measurements, development of data analysis tools, and complementary investigations using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunnelling microscopy.<br/><br> <br/><br> Using few-cycle pulses from an ultra-broadband Ti:sapphire oscillator, localized surface plasmons in metallic nanostructures were studied with a temporal resolution down to a few femtoseconds. Metallic structures were also studied with PEEM using femtosecond pulses in the telecommunication wavelength regime. Other light sources employed include an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system, with which anisotropy effects in semiconductor nanowires were studied.<br/><br> <br/><br> Finally, the thesis explores the use of extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains produced by high-order harmonic generation (HHG) as light source for PEEM. Working with 1 kHz repetition rate, the spatial resolution was found to be limited by space charge effects to a few hundred nanometres. However, with a new HHG system working at 200 kHz repetition rate, the resolution was improved by a factor of 2—3, along with a reduction in acquisition time by an order of magnitude. Novel high-repetition rate attosecond light sources are therefore expected to play a key role in pushing the temporal resolution of PEEM into the attosecond regime. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Nanotekniken håller i skrivande stund på att revolutionera samhället med nya innovationer inom exempelvis elektronik och medicin. En viktig del i detta är utvecklingen av nya och förbättrade sätt att avbilda strukturer av nanometerstorlek (en nanometer är en miljarddels meter). Avancerade karakteriseringsmetoder skapar en ökad förståelse för hur nanostrukturer beter sig, vilket är en förutsättning för utvecklingen av nya komponenter. Särskilt viktiga är metoder för att karakterisera egenskaper hos ytor, eftersom ytan hos ett material får större effekt ju mindre partiklar materialet består av.<br/><br> På ett mer fundamentalt plan har forskare de senaste decennierna lyckats mäta snabbare och snabbare processer, ända ned på en skala av femtosekunder och attosekunder. En femtosekund är en miljondels miljarddels sekund, och en attosekund är tusen gånger kortare. Det går ungefär dubbelt så många attosekunder på en sekund som det har gått sekunder sedan Big Bang. Genom att skapa ljuspulser som bara varar i ett hundratal attosekunder går det därför att mäta hur fort grundläggande processer inuti atomer går.<br/><br> Denna jakt på att kunna mäta mindre strukturer och snabbare processer kan liknas vid dagens IT-samhälle. Mobiltelefoner får plats i fickan men kan ändå utföra många processer samtidigt och lagra stora mängder data. Detta har möjliggjorts genom miniatyriseringen av elektroniska komponenter. När telefonen används för att kommunicera med är prioriteringen i stället att signalerna ska sändas fort, med många bitar information per sekund. Därför används elektromagnetiska vågor som signaler genom luften och genom optiska fibrer. En stor utmaning är att koppla samman dessa teknologier för att skapa komponenter och kretsar som samtidigt är små och snabba. Det är här forskningen kring ultrasnabb nano-optik kommer in.<br/><br> Ljus är det absolut snabbaste som finns, men kan normalt sett inte koncentreras på en skala mindre än dess våglängd, som är hundratals nanometer (i detta sammanhang ansett som ett långt avstånd). Nano-optik handlar om att kringgå detta genom att skapa ytor av olika material och former för att koncentrera ljuset ytterligare. Metalliska nanostrukturer är särskilt bra på detta genom en speciell sorts ”partikel”, kallad ytplasmon, som uppkommer genom att ljuset växelverkar med elektronerna i metallen. Forskningsfältet kring ytplasmoner kallas för plasmonik, och utgör en viktig del av nano-optiken.<br/><br> För att förstå ljusets extremt snabba rörelser i nanostrukturer krävs avbildningstekniker som samtidigt kan mäta ljus på en liten längdskala och kort tidsskala. Ett av de mest framgångsrika instrumenten för detta är fotoemissionselektronmikroskopet, som skapar en kraftigt förstorad bild av elektroner som avges från en yta när den träffas av ljus. återigen ligger styrkan i att kombinera de små elektronerna med det snabba ljuset. Fotoemissionselektronmikroskopet har använts för att studera ultrasnabb nano-optik sedan 2001, med mer och mer avancerade experimentuppställningar.<br/><br> Den här avhandlingen handlar om användningen av nya typer av avancerade laserljuskällor för att studera ultrasnabb nano-optik i fotoemissionselektronmikroskop. En av de nya ljuskällorna visar sig kunna avbilda hur ljuset svänger olika snabbt i olika delar av en nanopartikel under ett fåtal femtosekunder. En annan kan användas för att studera hur ljuset växelverkar med specialdesignade nanotrådar av halvledarmaterial. Ytterligare en typ av ljuskälla utforskas på grund av dess förmåga att sända ut pulser på attosekundskalan. Tillsammans visar experimenten hur de senaste årens utveckling inom laserfysiken ger upphov till många nya möjligheter för karakterisering av ljusets växelverkan med nanostrukturer. Nya karakteriseringsmetoder är en förutsättning för en ökad förståelse för nano-optik, en teknologi som kan leda till såväl förbättrade solceller som optiska logiska kretsar med överlägsen hastighet. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/146ea10e-cd8a-49dd-978f-bc70b932220d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5803289/8410601.pdf application/pdf 11002561 no Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Lund University 2015 eng Nanorice Spatiotemporal imaging Attosecond pulses Fysicumarkivet A:2016:Mårsell Nanowires Silver nanostructures Femtosecond laser pulses PEEM Plasmonics Ultrafast nano-optics Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7623-614-7 978-91-7623-615-4 8410577 218 2016-01-29T09:15:00+01:00 146ea10e-cd8a-49dd-978f-bc70b932220d 2016-04-04T11:33:58+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:33:58+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8e74bdad-b628-4ece-9361-2be11fb34743 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rydberg Lecture Hall, Physics Department 1 Erik Månsson author e5905321-c5da-419d-9fc5-5b4dcdc21e50 Stacey Ristinmaa Sörensen supervisor 1e12dc97-e122-4fd1-92bf-c104163b8760 Mathieu Gisselbrecht supervisor a8068bd1-e1a6-4eb7-8516-91815d75df08 Dr. Michael Meyer opponent European X-ray Free-electron Laser, Hamburg, Germany Synchrotron Radiation Research v1000633 department Treating the correlated behaviour of multiple particles is challenging for both theory and experiment. This thesis reports on a variety of experimental investigations aiming to advance the understanding of fundamental processes in atoms and molecules: double ionization, isomerization and dissociation. The emphasis lies on ultra-fast processes, where multiple electrons interact or nuclei move so rapidly that coupling between electronic and nuclear dynamics can not be neglected. <br/><br> <br/><br> Pulses of light from a synchrotron or laser were used to excite or directly ionize molecules or atoms in the gas phase. The momenta (norms or vectors) of the resulting charged fragments were measured in coincidence using different types of time-of-flight spectrometers. Two papers report on the optimization of momentum imaging spectrometers, one for ions and one adaptable electron–ion hybrid.<br/><br> <br/><br> Direct double ionization was studied in the time domain for the first time, using a pump–probe method with attosecond pulses and electron interferometry (RABBIT). Theoretical development in combination with a coincident measurement of the two electrons revealed a 500 as group delay of the photoelectron pair from xenon, with respect to propagation in a plain Coulomb potential. Electron correlation was also investigated in single ionization, via the angular distribution of a photoelectron. It was shown that the delay of an electron emitted from C60 can be altered by 100 as depending on whether the photon energy lies below or above the resonance frequency of a collective electron oscillation (plasmon).<br/><br> <br/><br> Soft x-rays were used to core-excite molecules to specific orbitals. The subsequent autoionization and dissociation steps were traced by analysing the momentum vectors of multiple ionic fragments. For carbon dioxide, ultra-fast bending initiated by the Renner–Teller effect could bring the two oxygen nuclei together as O2+ before dissociation. For few-femtosecond proton migration in water, the kinetic energy release was found to be correlated with the bond angle. Laser-based pump–probe experiments were made on the femtosecond time scale for singly ionized acetylene. Isomerization and dissociation dynamics with time scales of 50–500 fs were observed and analysed. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Att en elektrisk urladdning ger upphov till ljus syns varje gång blixten slår ner. Den omvända processen, att ljus kan skapa en elektrisk urladdning, upptäcktes av Hertz 1887 som en parentes i utvecklingen av radiomottagare. Undersökningar av detta fenomen visade att elektroner bara kunde frigöras av ljus som hade tillräckligt hög frekvens (ultraviolett). Förklaringen av detta, där ljus betraktas som partiklar (fotoner) och frekvens översätts till energi, bidrog till kvantmekanikens tillkomst. Ökas fotonenergin får den frisläppta elektronen högre fart, vilken kan mätas med så kallade spektrometrar. Senare kom elektronspektroskopi att användas som en metod för att identifiera och studera material. En kombinerad mätning av ljusets frekvens och elektronens fart berättar hur mycket energi som krävdes för att avlägsna elektronen, alltså vilka energinivåer materialet har. Energinivåerna är troligen den viktigaste delen av den kvantmekaniska beskrivningen av material – de bestämmer vilka ämnen som finns och vilka reaktioner som kan ske.<br/><br> <br/><br> Vad som händer under en kemisk reaktion är svårare att mäta, eftersom det i allmänhet går fort och molekylernas tillstånd hela tiden förändras. Under 1980-talet utvecklades metoder för att med korta laserpulser följa förloppet i reaktioner som initieras av ljus. De tidiga experimenten, liksom de som presenteras i denna avhandling, gäller enstaka molekyler i vakuum. Eftersom de då inte påverkas av någon särskild omgivning kan vi lära oss något om grundläggande, universella processer inom en molekyl snarare än hur den interagerar med en viss kombination av omgivande ämnen. I gränsdragningen mellan kemi och fysik kan man säga att detta forskningsfält fokuserar på att fördjupa förståelsen för de allra enklaste kemiska processerna i hopp om att det på sikt kommer till nytta även för att förstå eller designa större system. De typer av processer som studeras i den här avhandlingen är:<br/><br> • jonisation – då elektroner frigörs från en atom eller molekyl,<br/><br> • deformation – då molekylen ändrar form genom att atomkärnor flyttar sig och<br/><br> • dissociation – då en molekyl delas genom att bindningar mellan atomer bryts.<br/><br> <br/><br> Lasertekniken för att följa förloppet i reaktioner bygger på att en första puls av laserljus ger molekylen ett energitillskott som gör den instabil och sätter atomerna i rörelse. En andra ljuspuls används sedan för att få reda på till exempel vilka atomer som rör sig och hur lång tid det tar innan en bindning är helt bruten. Denna typ av mätning presenteras i slutet av avhandlingen för acetylen, en av de minsta organiska molekylerna med två kolatomer och två väteatomer. En annan metod kan studera samma processer med bara en ljuspuls genom att använda så hög fotonenergi (mjukröntgenljus från en synkrotron) att flera elektroner frigörs och molekylen går i flera positivt laddade bitar. Då kan mätningar av bitarnas massa, fart och riktning tillsammans ge en beskrivning av förloppet – vilka bindningar bryts, i vilken ordning och var hamnar de kvarvarande elektronerna? Den här metoden används för att studera en snabb böjning av koldioxid och vatten i artiklarna III–IV. I alla tre artiklarna om molekylär deformation händer det att atomer från olika ändar av molekylen närmar sig varandra och utgör ett av fragmenten. Detta kan ses som en prototyp för den typiska kemiska reaktionen, där bindningar både bryts och skapas för att omfördela atomer mellan de ämnen som reagerar.<br/><br> <br/><br> Alla metoder i den här avhandlingen handlar om att mäta elektriskt laddade partiklar (elektroner och joner), vilka kan styras till detektorer med hjälp av elektriska och magnetiska fält. Artiklarna V–VI handlar om att designa de elektriska fälten i spektrometrar för att mäta elektroners och/eller joners hastighet med bra upplösning. Experimenten utförs i vakuum för att undvika påverkan från omgivningen, dels i processen som studeras och dels på partiklarnas väg till detektorn.<br/><br> <br/><br> Samspelet mellan atomkärnor och elektroner är avgörande för alla kemiska reaktioner liksom för processer inom en molekyl. Elektronerna har mindre än en tusendel av atomkärnornas massa och rör sig därför mycket snabbare. Med traditionella lasrar går det inte att göra ljuspulserna kortare än en femtosekund (en biljarddels sekund), vilket är tiden för en svängning hos violett ljus. Det är, som beskrivits ovan, tillräckligt kort för att mäta hur atomkärnorna rör sig i kemiska reaktioner men räcker inte för att få information om elektronernas rörelse. Ännu kortare pulser, där varaktigheten mäts i attosekunder (triljondelar av en sekund), går att skapa som övertoner av ljuset från en tillräckligt ljusstark laser. Förhållandet mellan 100 attosekunder och en sekund är som förhållandet mellan en sekund och 300 miljoner år (tiden sedan reptiler uppstod). Den inblick i vad som händer på elektronernas tidsskala som kan ges av experiment med sådana ljuspulser är alltså väldigt exotisk.<br/><br> <br/><br> De senaste fem åren har olika metoder som använder attosekundpulser utvecklats för att få inblick i själva jonisationsprocessen och mäta antingen när under en laserpuls som en elektron lämnar sin atom eller hur lång tid det tar för den att avlägsna sig, vilket beror på den attraktiva kraften mellan atom och elektron. För nästan alla grundämnen blir det elektroner kvar i atomen och det är då inte möjligt att beskriva deras beteende exakt. Det går att göra bra approximationer och beräkningar ändå, vilket används i all simulering av grundläggande kemi, men förståelsen för system med flera elektroner behöver förbättras och nya fenomen upptäcks fortfarande. Processer där atomkärnornas rörelse sker särskilt snabbt eller som kräver samverkan mellan flera elektroner studeras experimentellt i denna avhandling.<br/><br> <br/><br> Den mest grundläggande fler-elektronprocessen är direkt dubbeljonisation, där absorptionen av en foton leder till att två elektroner kastas ut ur atomen. I artikel I lyckas vi för första gången studera denna process med attosekundpulser. Vi visar att det går att mäta fördröjningar i tiden det tar för elektronparet att lämna atomen (omkring 500 attosekunder). Eftersom sådana fördröjningar beror på samverkan mellan flera elektroner och inte har kunnat mätas förut är det intressant att jämföra dem med förutsägelser från beräkningar, vilket också görs i artikeln. Det finns två olika beskrivningar för hur energi överförs mellan elektronerna i direkt dubbeljonisation, vilka leder till något olika förutsägelser om fördörjningen. Resultatet vi fick ligger ungefär mitt emellan och kan inte utesluta någon av mekanismerna. Med förbättrad precision vore det i princip möjligt att avgöra hur mycket de olika mekanismerna bidrar eller utesluta någon av dem genom den här typen av experiment. Artikel II demonstrerar även ett indirekt sätt att studera elektronfördröjning vid fenomen där väldigt många elektroner är inblandade – här i en fotbollsformad molekyl bestående av 60 kolatomer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/8e74bdad-b628-4ece-9361-2be11fb34743 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5803637/4392788.pdf application/pdf 6106238 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5803653/4393823.pdf application/pdf 58989 no Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University 2014 eng photoelectron spectroscopy momentum imaging coincident detection correlation direct double ionization Born–Oppenheimer approximation high harmonics synchrotron radiation Fysicumarkivet A:2014:Månsson Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7473-954-1 4392786 174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2880 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52625a http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4853435 2014-05-08T13:15:00+02:00 8e74bdad-b628-4ece-9361-2be11fb34743 2016-04-04T11:34:05+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:34:05+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0974aecc-e66e-4ea9-a11c-3a6acdecb38d 2025-11-25T06:38:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall Rydbergsalen, Department of Physics, Sölvegatan 14, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Pontus Roldin author 8ae68db4-3b2b-440f-b594-9f36c5e93573 Erik Swietlicki supervisor 728b37a5-4444-4673-9a7c-26b7c3219bfe Hannele Korhonen opponent Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio Unit, Finland. MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system v1000618 department Nuclear physics v1000629 department Atmospheric aerosol particles have substantial influence on climate and air quality. However, the anthropogenic influence on the atmospheric aerosol is still poorly known. This limits the understanding of past and future climate changes. Additionally, both epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate adverse health effects of inhaled aerosol particles. In order to study the effect of atmospheric processes on the particle properties relevant for climate and health, two models were developed and implemented.<br/><br> The first is a 2D-Lagrangian model for Aerosol Dynamics, gas phase CHEMistry and radiative transfer (ADCHEM), which treats the dispersion in the vertical and horizontal direction perpendicular to air mass trajectories. The second model is a kinetic multilayer model for Aerosol Dynamics, gas and particle phase chemistry in laboratory CHAMber environments (ADCHAM). With ADCHAM it is possible to study process based formation and evaporation of secondary organic aerosol particles, and mass transfer limitations and reactions within the particle phase. <br/><br> ADCHEM was used to quantify the anthropogenic influence from the city of Malmö (280 000 inhabitants) in southern Sweden. In Malmö and a few tens of kilometres downwind, the primary particle emissions have a large influence on the particle number concentration. However, more than 2 hours downwind Malmö, the anthropogenic particle mass contribution is dominated by secondary ammonium nitrate. To quantify the direct and indirect climate impact of urban aerosol emissions, the secondary aerosol formation which changes the optical and hygroscopic properties of the primary soot particles, needs to be addressed in future measurements and process modelling. <br/><br> ADCHAM was used to simulate different laboratory chamber experiment, with focus on potential influential but poorly known processes for secondary organic aerosol properties, formation and evaporation rates in the atmosphere (i.e. oligomerization, organic salt formation, salting-out effects, oxidation of organic compounds in the particle phase and mass transfer limitations in the particle phase). The model results reveal that formation of small amounts of low-volatile and long lived oligomers, which accumulate in the particle surface layers, can effectively prevent the evaporation of more volatile compounds. This can significantly prolong the lifetime of SOA in the atmosphere. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/0974aecc-e66e-4ea9-a11c-3a6acdecb38d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5741394/3735349.pdf application/pdf 17619618 no Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund 2013 eng gas phase chemistry aerosol dynamics aerosol particles climate kinetic multilayer model Fysicumarkivet A:2013:Roldin Subatomic Physics 978-91-7473-535-2 3735294 274 2013-05-31T13:15:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Technology) (011013007) 0974aecc-e66e-4ea9-a11c-3a6acdecb38d 2016-04-04T11:18:02+02:00 2025-11-25T06:38:14Z 2016-04-04T11:18:02+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:453b2030-f67b-4757-a741-1665a3ecd02f 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall G, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60, Lund 1 Tomas Österman author 3afbf84a-a471-490e-8c39-d7f60b50ba0d Arkady Yartsev supervisor 481788ae-6d78-4f91-9e93-8c3e6d7414af Villy Sundström supervisor 0eb7753e-1078-4253-a557-e64af206033a Petter Persson supervisor 3341f36c-9984-4201-ab1c-4807affbaeae Jouko Korppi-Tommola opponent Nanoscience Center of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland Chemical Physics v1000658 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department This dissertation covers studies of excited state processes in two types of solar energy materials: alternating polyfluorene polymers and their blends with fullerenes in the active layer of plastic solar cells, and bis-tridentate RuII-polypyridyl complexes to be used as sensitizer in systems for artificial photosynthesis.<br/><br> <br/><br> The polymer:fullerene blends were studied by transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence measurements in order to investigate the role of the charge transfer (CT) state in charge formation. Previous studies have proposed that hot CT states is a necessary requirement for efficient charge formation in some active layer materials. However, in these studies relaxed CT states were shown to act as an intermediate state for at least ~20 % of the charges formed in the studied blends. This suggests that it is possible to achieve efficient charge formation without excess energy, which can lead to the development of solar cells with reduced energy losses.<br/><br> <br/><br> Excited state properties of three bis-tridentate RuII-polypyridyl complexes with large variations in room-temperature lifetimes were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Potential energy surfaces (PESs) calculated for the lowest triplet state were able to capture the decay channels responsible for the observed lifetime. The obtained activation energies for these decay processes were in reasonable agreement with experimental values. The PES calculations furthermore illustrated the importance of other features than the activation barriers in order to obtain a long room-temperature lifetime, in particular entropic factors seem to have significant contributions in some long-lived complexes. Improved understanding of the relation between chemical structure and room-temperature lifetime can lead to successful synthesis of long-lived complexes using other metals. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Den globala energianvändningen är idag större än någonsin. Faktum är att den, i takt med världens ständiga utveckling, kommer att fortsätta öka många år framöver. Sättet som energi har producerats på historiskt används dessutom i allra högsta grad fortfarande idag och innebär daglig förbränning av stora mängder organiskt material. Detta resulterar i en ökad koncentration av växthusgaser i atmosfären, vilket i sin tur leder till en sakta ökande medeltemperatur samt alltmer dramatiska klimatförändringar. Denna utveckling är inte hållbar och därför måste förändringar ske.<br/><br> <br/><br> Förändringar i vår energiproduktion kräver dock att det finns rimliga alternativ. Vid en uppskattning av potentialen hos olika tänkbara energislag står solenergi i en klass för sig. Ingen annan energikälla kommer i närheten av den mängd energi som når jordens yta i form av solstrålar varje dag – den totala solenergin uppgår till nästan 8000 gånger dagens totala energiförbrukningen. Det råder alltså ingen tvekan om att det bör vara möjligt att använda energin från solen för att täcka en stor del av det globala energibehovet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Ett problem med solen som källa är emellertid att den är begränsad i sin användning, både sett över dygnet men också beroende på geografiskt läge. Den svenska vintern, vilken är den period på året då energiförbrukningen är som högst, erbjuder till exempel inte många soltimmar per dygn. Därför är det viktigt att utveckla en mängd olika tekniker för produktion och lagring av solenergi.<br/><br> <br/><br> Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka vad som sker när två olika typer av material för solenergi tar upp solljus. De två typerna av material motsvarar även två olika sätt att producera solenergi på. Det ena sättet bygger på plastbaserade solceller som omvandlar solljus till elektricitet. Fördelen med plastsolceller är att de har en stor potential vad gäller billig massproduktion, liten påverkan på miljön och extremt hög flexibilitet som tillåter integrering i nästan samliga produkter i vår omgivning, t.ex. elektriska apparater och kläder. En nackdel är att el är en energiform som är svår att lagra och transportera. Dessutom är det inte troligt att plastsolceller kommer att kunna tävla med stora solcellsmoduler baserade på till<br/><br> exempel kisel när det gäller storskalig och stationär elproduktion. I den andra delenav de undersökningar som presenteras i avhandlingen undersöks ett intressant alternativ att istället direkt producera bränsle från solenergi. Detta sätt tar inspiration från naturen och den fotosyntes som sker i bland annat gröna växter. Fotosyntesen använder vatten, koldioxid och solljus för att skapa den energi som<br/><br> växten behöver för att växa. Istället för att bilda växtmassa är syftet med artificiell fotosyntes, som denna typ av solenergi heter, att producera vätgas. Vätgas har, till skillnad från de plastbaserade solcellerna, stor potential som framtida bränsle istället för olja, vilket till hög grad beror på dess goda transportmöjligheter.<br/><br> <br/><br> Studierna på plastsolceller, vars ljuskänsliga material består av långa polymerer, undersökte egenskaperna hos de tidiga processerna efter ljusabsorption. Det är dessa processer som leder till att en elektron frigörs, vilket är det första steget för att<br/><br> kunna generera elektrisk ström. Med hjälp av spektroskopiska tekniker är det möjligt att studera de snabba förlopp (ner till en tusendels miljarddels sekund) som sker under dessa tidiga skeden. På så sätt kunde de relevanta tidsskalorna för de första stegen av elektronrörelse bestämmas. Samstämmiga uppgifter från olika metoder tyder på att en stor del av dessa processer inte är betydligt snabbare än den tid som behövs för att polymermaterialet ska hinna genomgå strukturell anpassning. Dessa uppgifter bidrar med relevant information för framtida vidareutveckling av material som är bättre optimerade efter de förutsättningar som gäller för varje steg i<br/><br> den övergripande omvandlingen av solljus till elektricitet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Medan plastsolcellerna undersöktes experimentellt så bestod studierna som syftade till artificiell fotosyntes framför allt av teoretiska kvantkemiska beräkningar. Målet var att undersöka orsakerna till de egenskaper som de ljusabsorberande färgämnena har. Färgämnena, som ofta baseras på metallen rutenium, har till uppgift att, liksom polymeren i plastsolcellerna, ta upp ljusenergin och sedan, i form av en elektron, föra den vidare till andra delar av det komplex som utgör kärnan i artificiell fotosyntes. Studierna visade på tydliga samband mellan färgämnenas struktur och dess egenskaper relevanta för elektronöverföring. Dessa insikter öppnar upp för framtida moleklyer som effektivt kan skräddarsys för att passa in i olika sammahang. Det möjliggör förhoppningsvis också för syntes av molekyler som baseras på till exempel järn, vilket är betydligt mer lättillgängligt än det något ovanliga grundämnet rutenium.<br/><br> <br/><br> Studierna i denna avhandling har alltså bidragit med små, men förhoppningsvis avgörande, steg mot olika typer av solenergi. Typer som förhoppningsvis kommer utgöra en del av den palett av sätt att tillgodogöra sig solenergi som vi, beroende på tillfälle, kommer att kunna välja mellan i framtiden. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/453b2030-f67b-4757-a741-1665a3ecd02f https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5792943/3799507.pdf application/pdf 3516857 no Department of Chemistry, Lund University 2013 eng Solar cells Conjugated polymers Charge transfer state Time-resolved spectroscopy Fluorescence Artificial Photosynthesis Bis-tridentate ruthenium(II)-complexes Density functional theory Quantum chemistry. Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics 978-91-7422-326-2 3799506 176 2013-06-14T13:15:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Chemical Physics (S) (011001060) 453b2030-f67b-4757-a741-1665a3ecd02f 2016-04-04T11:31:17+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:31:17+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:be1c7e71-d49b-494c-8b23-b692272bf0b8 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Pangea, Geocentrum II, Sölvegatan 12, Lund 1 Lina Eklund author 42f4ecf4-1518-4445-be6d-116d047c3f9c Petter Pilesjö supervisor 317d40bd-1920-4b7a-bf14-e3624c17160d Tobias Kümmerle opponent Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science v1000639 department Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) v1001221 department MECW: The Middle East in the Contemporary World v1001242 department The link between population mobility and environmental change is fundamental for our understanding of how future global environmental changes will affect our societies, and also how the increased mobility will change our role in the Earth system. Climate change has been predicted as a major cause of human migration, both voluntary and forced, through for example increased storm and drought frequency, sea level rise, and reduced fresh water availability. On the other hand, contemporary migration patterns are part of processes that change the face of the Earth. <br/><br> Social, political, and natural processes have shaped the development of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I) since the 1980’s. This dissertation explores the environmental aspects of such changes by focusing on how population mobility relates to land systems in the Duhok governorate, KR-I. This dissertation takes an interdisciplinary approach by combining household survey data with information extracted from satellite images. This enables analysis of patterns at both provincial and household levels.<br/><br> The findings of this work reveal that migration patterns are mainly explained by economic drivers. The environment as a driver of migration is not emphasized in the interview responses, and only a small share of households are economically dependent on agriculture. The 2007-2009 drought was severe in terms of precipitation decrease, vegetation anomalies, and from a socio-economic perspective. The analyses, however, show no evidence of increased migration during the drought period. Migration for other reasons, such as the Anfal genocide in the late 1980’s, and the subsequent reconstruction program was found to influence land use activity. In times of migration and displacement the cropland area was reduced, while it increased during resettlement initiatives. <br/><br> The final part of this dissertation consists of a methodological discussion of how scale affects analyses of the environment-migration nexus. A review of the current literature reveals that common scale-problems in this field include the mismatch between different data types, generalizations, and neglect of spatial variability. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> För att få en uppfattning om hur framtida miljöförändringar kommer att påverkar vårt samhälle är det viktigt att studera eventuella samband mellan migration, samhälle och miljö. Klimatförändringar väntas inom en snar framtid leda till stora befolkningsförflyttningar till följd av exempelvis ökad stormfrekvens, torka, havsnivåhöjning och vattenbrist. Migration kan å andra sidan påverka landskapets utseende och funktion.<br/><br> Socio-ekonomiska, politiska och naturrelaterade processer har i hög grad påverkat samhällsutvecklingen i Irakiska Kurdistan sedan 1980-talet. Den här avhandlingen utforskar miljöaspekter av sådana förändringar genom att undersöka hur befolkningsförflyttningar förhåller sig till land-system i Duhok-provinsen. Ett tvärvetenskapligt tillvägagångssätt, som bland annat kombinerar intervju-data med information från satellitbilder, har möjliggjort analys av trender på både provins- och hushållsnivå.<br/><br> Resultaten visar att migration mellan åren 2000 och 2010 huvudsakligen kan förklaras av ekonomiska faktorer. Miljöförändringar betonas inte i enkätsvaren som en orsak till migration, och endast en liten andel hushåll är ekonomiskt beroende av sin mark. Torkan mellan 2007 och 2009 var allvarlig, både med avseende på nederbörd, vegetation och från ett socio-ekonomiskt perspektiv. Analyserna visar dock inga tecken på ökad migration under eller efter torkan. Migration orsakad av konflikter, såsom Anfal-folkmordet under sent 1980-tal och det efterföljande återbyggnadsprogrammet, har påverkat hur marken i Irakiska Kurdistan används. Under perioder av tvångsförflyttning minskade arealen som används till spannmålsproduktion, medan den ökade under återinflyttningsinitiativ. <br/><br> Den sista delen av avhandlingen är en metodologisk diskussion kring hur skala i tid och rum påverkar analyser av sambandet mellan miljö och migration. En granskning av samtida litteratur visar att vanliga skal-problem inbegriper dålig matchning av data, generaliseringar och försummande av variation i tid och rum. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/be1c7e71-d49b-494c-8b23-b692272bf0b8 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5793064/5336529.pdf application/pdf 749978 no Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University 2015 eng migration drought Iraqi Kurdistan agriculture land scale Other Social Sciences Physical Geography 978-91-85793-47-1 5275378 142 2015-05-13T10:15:00+02:00 be1c7e71-d49b-494c-8b23-b692272bf0b8 2016-04-04T11:31:20+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:31:20+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ca88fa50-c9c1-4e09-9304-dc35122a4b63 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Room 3, Main Building, Lund University Hospital 1 Saleem Qader author 228201a3-0a6f-4db3-af06-27269fcb1805 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Docent Folke Hammarqvist opponent Huddinge, Sweden Islet cell physiology v1000494 department Islet cell physiology research group The influence of trauma (acute pancreatitis) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on pancreatic islet hormone secretion in relation to islet expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was investigated. Acute pancreatitis resulted in an impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) which was found to be parallelled by a marked expression of iNOS and an exaggerated NO production in the pancreatic islets. A characteristic feature of long term TPN-treatment is hyperlipidemia and euglycaemia, since the major component of TPN solution is intralipid (IL). TPN treatment impairs GSIS at least in part through a reduced cyclic AMP production in parallel with an exclusive expression of iNOS, which was reflected in an increased NO production accompanied by enhanced cyclic GMP formation by islets. Agents stimulating cyclic AMP/Protein kinase A (PKA) i.e. PACAP27 and PACAP38 were capable of not only inhibiting neuronal constitutive NOS (ncNOS) but also counteracting the expression of iNOS induced by intralipid infusion. The suppressed NO production in the presence of PACAPs was reflected in a suppressed cyclic GMP and a marked increase in cyclic AMP production by pancreatic islets. A short-term study revealed that a "hyperglycaemic or hyperlipidemic period" as short as 24 hours stimulated the expression and activity of iNOS in the islets. Finally the effect of ghrelin (gastric hormone) on islet hormone secretion and NOS isoenzymes activities was also studied. The inhibitory action of ghrelin on GSIS and the stimulatory effect on the glucagon secretion was accompanied by an increased ncNOS activity. However, such effects of ghrelin were only observed at slightly higher and supra-physiological concentrations (in vitro study). Furthermore, TPN-animals displayed extreme low plasma and tissue levels of ghrelin. Thus, ghrelin does not seem to have any significant role in the reduced GSIS and iNOS expression seen during TPN-treatment.<br/><br> <br/><br> Taken together the data suggest that, besides trauma, hyperglycaemia and hyprelipidemia are able to induce pathophysiological changes in pancreatic islets (iNOS expressing and reduced GSIS) implicating that the nutritional state should be regarded as an important factor for the normal function of islets. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Den första beskrivningen av diabetes mellitus gjordes redan 1500 före Kristus när en faraos läkare noterade att myror samlade sig omkring urin från vissa människor men inte andras. På 1700-talet beskrevs för första gången närvaron av större mängder socker i såväl blod som urin hos diabetiska patienter. På 1920-talet upptäcktes insulin i bukspottkörteln (pancreas) och samtidigt behandlades den första diabetes patienten med extrakt från grispancreas. Insulin produceras i små cellöar (Langerhanska cellöarna) spridda och inbäddade i pancreas körtelvävnad. Dessa cellöar, som påvisades i slutet av 1800-talet, innehåller ett flertal olika celltyper. β-cellerna producerar insulin och utgör den största andelen av cellerna, de ligger i de centrala delarna av cellöarna. I periferin finner man α-cellerna (glukagon), δ-cellerna (somatostatin), F-cellerna (pancreatisk polypeptid) samt övriga celler varav en del tycks innehålla hormonet ghrelin. Ghrelin är ett relativt nyligen påvisat hormon som framförallt produceras i magsäcken. Det har föreslagits att ghrelin styr vårt födointag. Bland annat är blodhalterna av ghrelin låga vid fasta för att strax efter en måltid stiga. Huruvida ghrelin kan påverka insulinutsöndringen är oklart.<br/><br> <br/><br> Dessutom finns det nerver från olika delar av nervsystemet i öarna; parasympatiska, sympatiska, sensoriska och övriga nerver. Dessa nerver innehåller ett flertal olika signalsubstanser av betydelse bland annat för regleringen av insulinutsöndringen. I de parasympatiska nerverna finner man bland annat PACAP (Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) och VIP (Vasoactive intestinal eptide). Tidigare studier har visat att PACAP/VIP reglerar β-cellernas aktivitet, dessutom stimuleras utsöndringen av glukagon. PACAP/VIP verkar via receptorer (mottagare på cellytan).<br/><br> <br/><br> Insulinutsöndringen styrs på ett komplicerat sätt. I β-cellen är styrningen av energiutnyttjandet via omvandling av ATP till ADP och cAMP en central mekanism. Likaså är Ca2+ av vikt för att reglera frisättningsmekanismen när små säckar av insulin lämnar sitt innehåll vid cellytan.<br/><br> <br/><br> NO (kväveoxid) är den minsta produkt från humana celler. NO lever mycket kort tid innan det omvandlas till nitrit och nitrat. NO produceras av enzym (NO-syntetas) som det finns olika former av, beroende på var man finner dem. I de Langerhanska cellöarna påträffas två former av enzymet, ett konstitutivt och ett inducerbart. Det har tidigare ansetts att den konstitutiva formen är av betydelse för reglering av insulinfrisättningen och att den inducerbara formen är skadlig för β-cellen.<br/><br> <br/><br> Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) användes kliniskt för att ge näring till patienter som av olika anledningar inte kan äta. TPN innebär att alla näringsämnen ges i.v. (intra venöst – direkt i blodåder). Genom att ge alla näringsämnen direkt i blodet kommer mag-tarm-kanalens normala styrsystem att kopplas ur. I den kliniska vardagen är det ännu vanligare att ge sockerlösningar i.v. under kortare tider, till exempel inför en operation.<br/><br> <br/><br> Bukspottkörtelinflammation är ett livshotande tillstånd vanligen orsakat av alkohol eller gallstenar. Det är väl känt att akut bukspottkörtelinflammation i det akuta skedet påverkar sockerbalansen och att många patienter i efterförloppet utvecklar diabetes.<br/><br> <br/><br> I avhandlingen visas att TPN orsakar en försämrad sockertolerans i så motto att β-cellerna inte förmår producera insulin i samma mängd som normala β-celler. Det visas att ett av problemen är att omvandlingen av ATP till cAMP är störd. I vidare undersökningar kan det visas att det inducerbara NOS uppregleras vid TPN. Förändringarna kommer mycket snabbt och i princip räcker det att ge sockerlösning för att förändra aktiviteten av NOS enzymet. Om man ger PACAP/VIP till dessa djur (in vivo) eller fripreparerade öceller (in vitro) kan man förhindra denna uppreglering och få en insulinfrisättning som liknar den som ses hos normala djur. Samma förändringar i iNOS- aktiviteten ses vid akut pancreatit och sannolikt i samband med andra trauma.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det visas också att de TPN-behandlade djuren uppvisar mycket låga halter av ghrelin, ett oväntat resultat eftersom dessa djur inte haft något innehåll i sin magsäck under totalt 8 dygn. Detta talar för att hormonkoncentrationen styrs av näringsinnehållet i blodet och inte vad som finns inne i magtarmkanalen. Det kan dessutom visas att ghrelin minskar insulinfrisättningen doch i fysiolgiska koncentrationer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/ca88fa50-c9c1-4e09-9304-dc35122a4b63 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5795028/1693118.pdf application/pdf 892338 no Saleem Sa'aed Qader, MD, MSc, MPH, Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden, 2004 eng Surgery orthopaedics traumatology Kirurgi ortopedi traumatologi Gastroenterologi Gastro-enterology Pancreatitis Ghrelin TPN cNOS iNOS PACAP VIP cAMP Pancreatic islets Insulin secretion Other Clinical Medicine 91-628-6216-2 467274 176 2004-09-23T10:15:00+02:00 Article: I. Saleem S. Qader, Mats Ekelund, Roland Andersson, Stefanie Obermuller and Albert Salehi. Acute pancreatitis, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and defective insulin secretion. Cell Tissue Res (2003) 313:271–279.II. Albert Salehi, Saleem S. Qader, Eva Ekblad and Mats Ekelund. Defective insulin secretion during total parenteral nutrition in rat and its normalization by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 27. Regul Pept. (2004)119: 83-91.III. Saleem S. Qader, Javier Jimenez-Feltström, Mats Ekelund, Ingmar Lundquist and Albert Salehi. Expression of islet inducible nitric oxide synthase and inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin release after long-term lipid infusion in the rat is counteracted by PACAP27: Submitted to AJP-Cell Physiology.IV. Mats Ekelund, Saleem S. Qader, Javier Jimenez-Feldström and Albert Salehi. Selective induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic islet of rat after an intravenous glucose challenge: Manuscript.V. Saleem S. Qader, Albert Salehi, Rolf Håkanson, Ingmar Lundquist and Mats Ekelund. Long-term infusion of nutrients (total parenteral nutrition) suppresses circulating ghrelin in food-deprived rat: Submitted to Regulatory Peptides.VI. Saleem S. Qader, Ingmar Lundquist, Mats Ekelund, Rolf Håkanson and Albert Salehi. Ghrelin activates neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic islet cells while inhibiting insulin release and stimulating glucagon release: Submitted to Regulatory Peptides. ca88fa50-c9c1-4e09-9304-dc35122a4b63 2016-04-04T11:31:50+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:31:50+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:888ea9be-23c0-4006-a74a-25a57eaaed94 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Blå Hallen - Ekologihuset 1 Tim Krone Schnoor author 01c89ebe-9b6d-4572-8d1a-4a92a26ae570 Pål Axel Olsson supervisor 917d51ac-294a-401e-a045-e1304de272d5 Nancy Johnson opponent Northern Arizona University, USA Biodiversity v1000603 department BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate v1000616 department Many ecosystems have historically been disturbed, either naturally or as part of a cultural management. Due to loss of species as a result of too little disturbance, disturbance must be considered as a potential tool for conservation and restoration in various ecosystems. In this thesis work, disturbance effects on a grassland system were studied. The studied grassland had traditionally been severely disturbed, both by grazing animals and wind erosion, and through agricultural practices. By experimentally disturbing the soil in the dry sandy grassland, disturbance-induced effects on plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in sandy grasslands was studied.<br/><br> Ploughing and harrowing had no effects on soil pH and only small effects on available phosphorous was found. A positive effect on plant species richness and abundance of red-listed annuals in dry calcareous grasslands was found. The plant species richness shifted towards one comprised mainly of early successional species, but during the four years of this study, the succession went towards the pre-disturbance state rather than the restoration target defined for the area. It was found that a functional trait approach to evaluate disturbance effects was not sufficient to fully explain the reasons for the disturbed plots to diverge from the target areas. However, the functional approach showed that disturbance increased the incidence of nitrogen favoured species in the system. <br/><br> By using Sanger sequencing it was shown that ploughing had a negative effect on the abundance and species richness of arbuscular mycorrhiza two years after disturbance. However, in a second experiment, at a different site and using pyrosequencing, small-scale disturbances was not shown to affect either species richness or composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities 4.5 months after disturbances. Carbon flows through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was negatively affected by disturbance, mainly due to a decreased abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potential host plants.<br/><br> In summary, disturbance was shown to have both positive and negative effects on the studied organisms in dry sandy grasslands. Ploughing and harrowing were not good options for restoring this specific dry calcareous grassland type although some of the wanted annual targets increased in incidence. Mycorrhizal abundance could potentially be decreased following disturbance and with it the potential soil carbon sequestration. Using disturbance for restoration purposes involves complex responses with potentially disparate responses in different organisms within the same community. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Enligt ordboken betyder störning något som är avvikande från det normala. I den ekologiska begreppsvärlden är det tvärtom en del av det normala. Störning är en förutsättning för att många kulturmarker med hög biodiversitet ska kunna skapas och bevaras. I denna avhandling undersöktes hur markstörning i form av plöjning och harvning i torra gräsmarker påverkar mångfalden av växter och marksvampar i symbios med dessa växter, s.k. mykorrhizasvampar. Störningens påverkan på flödet av kol från växter till markens mikroorganismer undersöktes också.<br/><br> <br/><br> <br/><br> Störning som ekologiskt begrepp syftar på något som dödar eller förstör levande varelser. Exempel på detta kan vara klippning av en gräsmatta, en ko som trampar sönder marken, trädfällning eller plöjning av en åker. Trots denna destruktiva definition är störning en naturlig del av alla ekosystem. Faktum är att utan störning skulle inte bilder av ängar dignande av färgglada blommor och lystna insekter finnas i våra sinnen. En äng skulle växa igen till skogsmark om inte någon eller något hindrade buskar och träd från att komma in. Arter knutna till ängar kräver mycket ljus och utan störning skulle de bli utträngda av växter som växer sig höga och skuggar. Störningen gör att dessa mer konkurrenskraftiga arter tas bort och möjliggör för de arter som är bättre på att klara sig i miljöer som får mer ljus och kanske därmed är varmare, torrare och blåsigare än miljön i skogen. För att maximera antalet arter i ett landskap krävs att det finns en blandning av olika förutsättningar; öppna trädlösa marker, skogsmarker, grustag, våtmarker.<br/><br> <br/><br> Störning behövs alltså, men för mycket störning kan vara negativt för mångfalden av arter, biodiversiteten. Inom jordbruk utnyttjar man med framgång detta genom att använda sig av plöjning för att ta bort ogräs – eller för att beskriva det i ekologiska termer – för att minska antalet växtarter på en åker. Varken för lite eller för mycket störning är bra för biodiversiteten. Problemet är att vi inte riktigt vet hur mycket störning som är optimalt inom olika områden. Vi vet inte heller om man kan ersätta en typ av störning, t.ex. kotramp, med en annan störning som t.ex. någon typ av mekanisk markbearbetning.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sandiga, kalkrika gräsmarker i östra Skåne har traditionellt brukats med mycket låg intensitet då sandiga jordar med lite näring är svårodlade. Marker av denna typ har troligen planterats med råg och bovete och efter det lämnats obrukade, “i träda”, mellan 10 och 15 år. Kraftiga markomrörningar kombinerat med lång träda och hög kalkhalt har skapat en speciell naturtyp som kallas sandstäpp. Sandstäpp hotas idag av brist på markstörning och om inget görs kommer detta leda till att sandstäpperna så småningom växer igen. Dessutom försvinner kalken ur marken på grund av försurning och näringshalterna i marken ökar på grund av kvävenedfall. Både försurning och kvävenedfall härstammar från mänsklig industriell aktivitet. Till följd av minskad störning och luftutsläpp är sandstäppen idag på stark tillbakagång och många arter knutna till denna naturtyp är på väg att försvinna från Sverige.<br/><br> <br/><br> Denna avhandling handlar om hur återinförande av markstörning på kalkrika sandmarker påverkar växter knutna till sandstäpp och vidare hur det påverkar mykorrhizasymbiosen och kolets kretslopp, samt om man genom denna störning kan motverka försurning och förhöjda kvävehalter. Vi plöjde och harvade om vartannat på Rinkaby skjutfält utanför Kristianstad i Skåne och utvärderade effekterna av detta under fyra års tid.<br/><br> <br/><br> Effekter av plöjning och harvning på växtsamhällen<br/><br> Störningen i experimentet på Rinkabyfältet hade ingen effekt på mängden kalk i marken men en liten ökning av tillgängligt fosfor kunde ses som<br/><br> en effekt av harvning. En minskning av kväve i form av ammonium blev en följd av störningen. Detta betyder att störning i form av plöjning och harvning inte höjer pH i vårt försöksområde och att vi istället riskerar att få mer tillgängliga näringsämnen i marken. Detta är inte positivt ur sandstäppssynpunkt då arter knutna dit kräver högt pH och låga näringshalter.<br/><br> <br/><br> Två år efter störningen kunde vi se att vissa rödlistade eller ovanliga arter, främst annuella sådana (ettåriga växter), hade ökat i de ytor som var störningsbehandlade samt att artrikedomen hade gått upp. Efter fyra år hade effekterna av störningen börjat avta och de störda ytorna började återgå till hur de såg ut innan störningen. De rödlistade annuella arterna var då inte längre vanliga i störda ytor. Dock kunde man då se att ett rödlistat, flerårigt gräs hade etablerat sig i harvade ytor. Artrikedomen var fortfarande högre i störda ytor än i omkringliggande områden, med flest arter i harvade ytor. Tyvärr hade också näringsgynnade växtarter som kvickrot och storven etablerat sig i störda ytor.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sammantaget hade störningen en viss positiv effekt genom att den ökade förekomsten av rödlistade annueller under de första åren, men tyvärr verkar också störningen frisätta näring i marken så att över tid återgår de störda områdena till att se ut som de gjorde innan störning, snarare än att likna sandstäppsområden. Plöjning och harvning är alltså inte en bra metod för att återskapa sandstäppsmiljöer i dessa områden eftersom det finns en risk att näringstillgängligheten ökar. Detta kan framförallt vara en risk i områden där det har bildats ett lager av matjord med bunden näring som frigörs vid en markbearbetning.<br/><br> <br/><br> Mykorrhiza – växternas förlängda arm – påverkas negativt av störning<br/><br> Marksvampar i symbios med växter, s.k. mykorrhizasavampar, är en grupp organismer som finns i ca 80% av alla jordens landlevande växter. I gräsmarker finns det en typ av mykorrhiza som lever inuti växtens rötter med trädliknande organ för utbyte av ämnen (arbuskler) och med blåsor fyllda av energirika oljor som energireservoar. I mykorrhizasymbiosen lever svampen i symbios med växten och får kol i utbytet mot att den förser värden med näring. Svampen kan, tack vare sitt stora hyfnätverk, mycel, ta upp näring från en större jordvolym än vad växten själv klarar. Som en mottagare av kol blir svampen en del av kolcykeln och därför blir det intressant att studera effekter av störning dels på själva svampsamhället och dels på hur kolflödena genom symbiosen förändras med störning. Mykorrhizasvampar är känsliga för markstörning eftersom deras mycel förstörs av den fysiska bearbetningen, hyferna slits helt enkelt sönder och därmed bryts flödena i dem.<br/><br> <br/><br> I Rinkaby såg vi att plöjning minskar förekomsten och antalet arter av mykorrhizasvampar, samt ändrar artsammansättningen. Dessa effekter sågs två år efter störningen. I en annan studie på ett sandfält på norra Själland gjorde vi en småskalig störning om ca 20 cm i diameter. Här fann vi inga skillnader i förekomst, sammansättning eller artantal av mykorrhizasvampar fyra månader efter störning. Trots att platserna för undersökning och försöksupplägg skiljer sig åt mellan de båda försöken kan vi dra slutsatsen att störningens skala, alltså hur stort område som störs verkar spela en fundamental roll för effekten av markstörning på mykorrhizasamhällen. Däremot har vi ingen aning om vilken effekt en förlust av arter eller ett skifte i svamparter har på symbiosens funktion, d.v.s., hur växtsamhället eller flödet av näringsämnen påverkas. Vi såg dock att kolflödet genom svampen inte ändrar sig beroende på om det är stört eller inte. Detta leder till att den totala mängden kol som går in i mykorrhizastrukturer i en plöjd yta minskar eftersom förekomsten av mykorrhiza minskar kraftigt. Detta i sin tur kan ha en effekt på den mängden kol som kan lagras in i marken eftersom mykorrhizans fysiska strukturer tar lång tid att bryta ner. I förlängningen kan detta påverka hur effektiva gräsmarker är på att binda kol i marken, något som är en viktig ekosystemfunktion eftersom det kan hjälpa till att motverka effekterna av dagens höga mänskliga koldioxidutsläpp.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sammanfattningsvis kan man konstatera att markstörning i sandmarker har både positiva och negativa effekter. Att plöja och harva ökar antalet växtarter och ökar förekomsten av rödlistade annueller kopplade till sandstäpp. Samtidigt finns det riskt för ökad näringstillgång i marken och växtsamhället visar få tecken på att utveckla sig mot det ur naturvårdssynpunkt eftertraktade habitatet sandstäpp. Antalet arter av mykorrhizasvampar kan minska och därmed också potentiellt minska inlagringen av kol i mark. Uppenbart är plöjning och harvning inte rätt metod för att återskapa sandstäppsmiljöer i detta område utan andra störningar som inte höjer näringshalten kan visa sig vara mer framgångsrika. Exempelvis kan man ta bort den näringsrika ytjorden eller gräva gropar så att bar sand blir exponerad. Dock kan man inte räkna med att man ska både kunna bevara sandstäpp och att effekten på mykorrhiza ska vara positiv. Det finns alltså en motsättning mellan att bevara sandstäpp och att lagra in kol i marken. Störning är en metod att bevara ett kulturlandskapet med öppna fält dignande av blomsterprakt, men det inte lika lätt att säga vilken störning eller hur ofta man ska störa för att återskapa de miljöer som idag är hotade. Det kan bara fortsatta studier inom området ge svar på. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/888ea9be-23c0-4006-a74a-25a57eaaed94 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5795128/2094627.pdf application/pdf 1317799 no Department of Biology, Lund University 2011 eng Ecology (including Biodiversity Conservation) 978-91-7473-157-6 2094623 128 2011-09-23T10:00:00+02:00 888ea9be-23c0-4006-a74a-25a57eaaed94 2016-04-04T11:31:51+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:31:51+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:82d183c5-5b35-4117-bba5-c62e63a67f01 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture hall MA5, Annexet, Sölvegatan 20, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Linus Malmgren author 5fcaba80-c8f2-48de-b4ce-323a2bd6e789 Sven Thelandersson supervisor 0fd3dac9-2e7a-4e6f-9376-fcc81eb70b28 Professor Lars Stehn opponent Luleå University of Technology, Luleå Division of Structural Engineering v1000223 department Industrialized construction has over the years taken different expressions and gone through different phases depending on where inspiration has come from. In this project, industrialized construction has been studied in two applications: timber house manufacturing and renovation of multi-family houses.<br/><br> <br/><br> In Sweden industrialized production of timber houses is relatively strong in the housing sector, it however resides somewhere between industrial production and the traditional construction sector, which has led to some ambivalence. IT support and product documentation largely reflects the traditional construction sector, which means that they find it difficult to use the potential of industrialized construction in full.<br/><br> <br/><br> The efficiency of production of timber houses could be improved by more effective use of IT support, as well as better coherence between internal processes and the business model. Further, they need to consider how to document products in an industrialized context. These changes will inevitably have an impact on how they are organized and would require new or changed processes. It will also have an impact on how product documentation can be used.<br/><br> <br/><br> In Sweden there are strong property owners who are able to take an active role in industrialized construction if they were provided with the right knowledge and tools. An increasingly interesting sub-sector of construction is the renovation of multi-family houses, today investment in renovation is larger than in new construction. The renovation need in multi-family houses in Sweden, as well as in the rest of Europe, is large. How it will be financed and implemented is a problem that many property owners struggle with and different strategies have been used. For example pipe renovation is a major and costly action and many buildings are in great need. Several Swedish property owners can altogether show volumes over 1000 bathrooms per year in renovation and new construction, this could justify investments in industrialized strategies. A case study company in the research project has adopted an approach that standardizes pipe renovation to a limited number of solutions. This can be seen as a first step of an industrial strategy.<br/><br> <br/><br> For further industrialization, clients need to implement a comprehensive approach to the development and standardization of solutions, as well as ensuring better control of processes for implementing pipe renovation projects. The effort to create industrialized strategies is not unattainable, but it requires investments and expertise that property owners today typically do not have. If property owners would act as concept owners for industrialized platforms for renovation and new construction, it has the potential to create a new market. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Byggbranschen står inför stora utmaningar i att möta behovet av nya bostäder samtidigt som renoveringsbehovet av flerbostadshus är stort. Man beskylls ofta för bristande kvalitet och höga kostnader. Industriellt byggande har framförts som en lösning till problemen. I ett projekt på Lunds Universitet har två tillämpningar för industriellt byggande studerats: trähusbyggande och renovering av flerbostadshus. Förslag till förbättringar har föreslagits.<br/><br> <br/><br> I Sverige är träbaserat industriellt byggande av bostäder en relativt stark sektor, men man befinner sig någonstans mellan industriell produktion och den traditionella byggsektorn vilket har lett till viss ambivalens. Detta har gjort att man har svårt att utnyttja potentialen i industriellt byggande. Det finns en möjlighet att förbättra sig genom att bättre utnyttja möjligheterna med IT-stöd och i att tänka över hur man dokumenterar produkterna för industriell produktion. Detta kommer dock att ha effekter på organisationen och leda till ett behov förändrade processer.<br/><br> <br/><br> I Sverige finns det också starka fastighetsägare som skulle kunna ta en aktiv roll i det industriella byggandet, men för detta krävs kunskaper om industriella processer. En intressant del av byggsektorn är renovering av flerbostadshus, investeringarna i renovering är idag större än i nybyggnad. Med renovering och nybyggnad sammantaget, kommer flera svenska fastighetsägare upp i volymer över 1 000 badrum per år, vilket skulle kunna motivera att man arbetar med industriella strategier. Men för att industrialisera renovering av badrum i flerbostadshus krävs att fastighetsägare tar ett samlat grepp kring utveckling och standardisering av lösningar, samt att man ser till att kontrollera renoveringsprocessen. Om fastighetsägare skulle agera som konceptägare för industriella plattformar finns potentialen att skapa en ny marknad.<br/><br> <br/><br> I projektet slås fast att industriellt byggande hittills har haft svårt att lyckas på den breda marknaden i Sverige. För ett bättre genomslag krävs delaktighet från beställare och att nyttan synliggörs på ett tydligare sätt. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/82d183c5-5b35-4117-bba5-c62e63a67f01 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5769294/4247135.pdf application/pdf 8435728 no Faculty of Engineering and Division of Structural Engineering 2014 eng construction industrialization renovation property maintenance Building Technologies 978-91-979543-8-9 4247134 188 2014-02-07T13:15:00+01:00 82d183c5-5b35-4117-bba5-c62e63a67f01 2016-04-04T11:25:08+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:25:08+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:57405178-9540-4d81-a92c-2f52ba3e8570 2026-01-30T09:50:27Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, BMC 1 Kajsa Ericson Lindquist author b065c3f1-2580-46fa-a10e-1dfaa8c9eda2 Mef Nilbert supervisor 0d5d8e37-319a-458d-ab5a-92131db779e3 Professor Henrik Grönberg opponent Dept. of Oncology, Umeå University Breastcancer-genetics v1000472 department Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is a tumorigenic mechanism involved in 15-20% of tumor types such as colorectal and endometrial cancer and is specifically associated with the Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. These MMR defective tumors are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenomenon that reflects alterations in length of repeated sequences, and 90% of MSI tumors show loss of immunohistochemical expression for the MMR protein affected. HNPCC yields an increased risk for several tumor types; cancer of the colorectum (80-90% lifetime risk), endometrium (40-60%), ovary (5-15%), stomach (5-15%), urinary tract, small bowel, skin, and brain. The syndrome is characterized by an early age (mean 45 years) at diagnosis and one third of the patients develop metachronous tumors. The major aims of this thesis were to assess the contribution of defective MMR to the development of the more rare tumor types associated with HNPCC and to assess cancer risks in children whose parents had developed HNPCC-associated tumors. In study I, patients who developed multiple (at least 4) primary tumors, including two colorectal cancers, were assessed for MSI and immunohistochemical expression of the MMR proteins MLH1 and MSH2. MSI was identified in 63/154 (40%) tumors, 55 of which also showed immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression. A concordant finding of MSI and loss of the same MMR protein, which strongly suggest HNPCC, was found in 17/45 (38%) patients, which suggests that a high fraction of such multiple tumors are caused by HNPCC. In studies II and III, the frequency of defective MMR was studied in adenocarcinomas of the small intestine and in upper urinary tract cancers (UUC). MSI was detected in 16/89 (18%) of cancers of the small intestine and in 9/194 (4%) UUC. MMR protein expression loss affected 11 cancers of the small intestine and 11 UUC. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) represents one of the largest subsets of soft tissue sarcomas, and occasional MFHs have been described in HNPCC-families. In study IV, we assessed MMR expression in a series of 209 MFH and found loss of MSH2 and MSH6 in 2 MFH. Study V is based on the national Swedish cancer registry and analyses familial risk of HNPCC-associated tumors. Cancer risks were calculated in 204 358 offspring whose 102 814 parents had developed HNPCC-associated cancer and the risks were correlated to the age of the parent, metachronous tumors in the parent, and presence of several HNPCC-associated cancers in the family. Significantly increased risks were observed for several tumor types, including colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. The highest offspring risks were observed in the subgroup with multiple HNPCC-associated cancers in the parent. In summary, we have demonstrated that MMR defects are common in patients who develop multiple primary tumors, occur at similar frequencies in cancers of the small intestine and the colon, contribute to development of UUC and MFH at low frequencies, and that HNPCC-associated tumor in a parent confer an increased risk of several cancer types in the offspring, especially if the parent developed more than one cancer or cancer at a young age. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Defekt mismatch-reparation och familjär cancerrisk<br/><br> <br/><br> Cancer är på cellnivå en genetisk sjukdom. Förändringar i cellens arvsmassa (DNA) drabbar tre huvudtyper av gener; onkgener, tumörsuppressorgener och DNA-reparationsgener. Onkgener är en grupp gener som befrämjar cellens tillväxt. Vid cancerutveckling aktiveras onkgener via mutation eller genom ökat uttryck, vilket leder till ökad tillväxt. Tumörsuppressorgener hämmar normalt celldelning, bromsar cellcykeln, styr defekta celler till programmerad celldöd och verkar för stabilitet i genomet. När båda kopiorna av en tumörsuppressorgen inaktiveras förloras dess funktion, vilket befrämjar tumörbildning. Normalt finns alla gener i dubbel uppsättning, en kopia från vardera föräldern. Vid ärftlig cancer finns den första erforderliga DNA-förändringen (mutationen) i kroppens alla celler (konstitutionell mutation), medan icke-ärftlig (sporadisk) cancer uppkommer genom förvärvade (somatiska) mutationer av båda kopiorna. DNA-reparationsgener motverkar att förändringar i arvsmassan uppstår genom att ta hand om spontana mutationer vid celldelning via cellens olika DNA-reparationssystem.<br/><br> <br/><br> Defekt DNA-reparation är en tumörbiologisk mekanism som styr utvecklingen i flera vanliga tumörtyper, bl. a. i en andel av tjocktarmscancer och livmodercancer. Dessutom karakteriserar defekt DNA-reparation av typen mismatch repair (MMR) specifikt de tumörer som uppkommer genom det ärftliga syndromet hereditär nonpolyposis colorektal cancer (HNPCC). I MMR-systemet samverkar sex olika proteiner och vid HNPCC är någon av MMR-generna MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 eller PMS2 defekta. Personer som bär en av mutation i någon av dessa gener löper ca 90% risk att drabbas av cancer, vanligast i tjock-/ändtarm och livmoder, men även i njurbäcken/urinledare, tunntarm eller äggstockar. Tumörer som uppkommit via defekt MMR karakteriseras av så kallad mikrosatellitinstabilitet (MSI) och immunhistokemisk förlust av det defekta MMR-proteinets uttryck.<br/><br> <br/><br> Denna avhandlings fyra första delarbeten innefattar tumörbiologiska studier i vilka vi har undersökt förekomst av defekt MMR i olika tumörtyper associerade med HNPCC.<br/><br> <br/><br> I arbete I studerades individer med fyra primära (separat uppkomna) tumörer varav minst två i tjocktarm eller ändtarm. Defekt MMR förekom i 41% av tumörerna. Hos 17/45 patienter (38%) var samma MMR protein förlorat i flera tumörer. Studien visade en ökad frekvens MMR-defekter vid multipla tumörer och HNPCC är en diagnos som bör övervägas hos patienter som drabbas av flera tumörer.<br/><br> <br/><br> I arbete II undersöktes defekt MMR i tunntarmscancer, vilket förekom i 18% av fallen. MMR defekter var något vanligare bland de unga patienterna. Fynden visar att MMR-defekter i tunntarmscancer är ungefär lika vanliga som i tjocktarmscancer.<br/><br> <br/><br> I arbete III studerades cancer i de övre urinvägarna, dvs. i njurbäcken och urinledare. MSI och/eller immunhistokemisk MMR-proteinförlust påvisades i cirka 5% av fallen. Trots en ökad risk för cancer i urinvägarna hos individer med HNPCC indikerar studien att endast en liten andel av tumörer i de övre urinvägarna uppkommer via defekt MMR.<br/><br> <br/><br> I arbete IV påvisades att defekt MMR också kan förekomma i sarkom, en ovanlig tumörform som uppkommer i kroppens stödjevävnader. Denna tumörtyp är normalt inte associerad med ärftlighet, men en koppling mellan sarkom och HNPCC finns sannolikt.<br/><br> <br/><br> I Sverige sker en rapportering av alla cancerdiagnoser till ett nationellt cancerregister. Det finns även ett familjeregister där individers barn kan identifieras. Genom att länka cancerregister och familjeregister till varandra kan cancerrisker hos barn till föräldrar med cancer räknas ut. Delarbete V är en epidemiologisk studie (en studie av samband och riskfaktorer i en befolkning) där vi beräknat cancerrisker hos individer vars föräldrar drabbats av de cancertyper som är vanligast vid HNPCC. Analyserna visade att barn till personer med någon HNPCC-associerad diagnos löper en förhöjd risk att själva drabbas av cancer, framför allt i samma organ som föräldern. Störst cancerrisk har de barn vars föräldrar fått sin tumör före 50 års ålder, barn som har både en förälder och ett syskon med cancer och barn vars förälder utvecklat flera primära tumörer. I studien påvisades ett starkt samband mellan canceruppkomst och HNPCC-associerad tumör hos en förälder och resultaten bekräftar vikten av att ta hänsyn till förekomst av flera olika tumörtyper när HNPCC övervägs som diagnos. Studien visade även att flera primära tumörer hos en individ är en stark riskfaktor för ärftlighet, jämförbar med tumörförekomst hos flera individer i familjen.<br/><br> <br/><br> Sammanfattningsvis har vi i arbetena I-V<br/><br> <br/><br> · påvisat defekt MMR i hög frekvens hos individer som utvecklat flera primära cancrar<br/><br> <br/><br> · visat att defekt MMR förekommer i samma frekvens i tunntarmscancer som i tjocktarmscancer<br/><br> <br/><br> · funnit låg andel defekt MMR i cancer i de övre urinvägarna<br/><br> <br/><br> · visat att defekt MMR förekommer i mjukdelssarkom<br/><br> <br/><br> samt<br/><br> <br/><br> · beräknat cancerrisker hos individer vars föräldrar utvecklat HNPCC-relaterad cancer https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/57405178-9540-4d81-a92c-2f52ba3e8570 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5769451/544251.pdf application/pdf 6778199 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5769453/544250.pdf application/pdf 6778245 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5769455/544249.pdf application/pdf 6778009 no https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5769457/544245.pdf application/pdf 6775074 no Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University 2005 eng oncology cancerology Cytologi onkologi cancer Multiple Tumors Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Cytology Cohort study Population based Familial Risk of Cancer Immunohistochemistry MSH2 MSH6 MLH1 Microsatellite Instability Soft Tissue Sarcomas Cancer of the Upper Urinary Tract Cancer of the Small Intestine Colorectal Cancer Cancer and Oncology 91-628-6379-7 544243 120 2005-02-11T09:00:00+01:00 <div class="article_info">Kajsa Ericson, Britta Halvarsson, Jutta Nagel, Eva Rambech, Maria Planck, Zofia Piotrowska, Håkan Olsson and Mef Nilbert. <span class="article_issue_date">2003</span>. <span class="article_title">Defective mismatch-repair in patients with multiple primary tumors including colorectal cancer</span> <span class="journal_series_title">European Journal of Cancer</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 39</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 240-248</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">Maria Planck, Kajsa Ericson, Zofia Piotrowska, Britta Halvarsson, Eva Rambech and Mef Nilbert. <span class="article_issue_date">2003</span>. <a href="javascript:downloadFile(544249)" class="article_link">Microsatellite Instability and Expression of MLH1 and MSH2 in Carcinomas of the Small Intestine</a> <span class="journal_series_title">Cancer</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 97</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 1551-1557</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">Kajsa Ericson, Anna Isinger, Björn Isfoss and Mef Nilbert. <span class="article_issue_date"></span>. <span class="article_title">Low Frequency of Defective Mismatch Repair in a Population-besed Series of Upper Urinary Tract Tumors</span> (submitted)</div> <div class="article_info">Kajsa Ericson, Jacob Engellau, Persson Annette, Annika Lindblom, Henryk Domanski, Måns Åkerman and Mef Nilbert. <span class="article_issue_date">2004</span>. <a href="javascript:downloadFile(544250)" class="article_link">Immunohistochemical loss of the DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2 and MSH6 in malignant fibrous histiocytomas</a> <span class="journal_series_title">Sarcoma</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 8</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 123-127</span>.</div> <div class="article_info">Kajsa Ericson, Mef Nilbert, Anna Bladström, Harald Anderson, Håkan Olsson and Maria Planck. <span class="article_issue_date">2004</span>. <a href="javascript:downloadFile(544251)" class="article_link">Familial Risk of Tumors associated with Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer: a Swedish Population-based study</a> <span class="journal_series_title">Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 39</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 1259-1265</span>.</div> 57405178-9540-4d81-a92c-2f52ba3e8570 2016-04-04T11:25:11+02:00 2026-01-30T09:50:27Z 2016-04-04T11:25:11+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a0c95620-a539-49d1-84b7-4a3672aade25 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Jubileumsaulan, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, Malmö 1 Anders Ekedahl author e7b4ff05-d09b-473c-b3e3-fab735de7c11 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Doc Anna Birna Almarsdottir opponent Inst. for Samfundsfarmaci, Farmaceutisk Höjskole, Köpenhavn Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology v1000501 department Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology research group Aims: 1) To assess if drug sales data indicate differences in morbidity, mortality, socio-economic conditions and deviating prescribing habits among physicians; 2) to identify areas for educational interventions and to analyse changes in prescribing after educational activities. In addition, an effort was made to estimate differences between pharmacy sales and purchases by the population, and the amount and value of unused drugs returned to pharmacies. Method: Information on drug sales was gathered from three Swedish and one Nordic drug registers, namely, Sales Statistics on Drugs, Nordic Statistics on Medicines, The National Prescription Survey and The Diagnosis-Prescription Survey, as well as from local prescription studies, copies of prescriptions processed at pharmacies, copies of issued prescriptions and computerised patient records at a health care centre. Results: There was a significant correlation between sales of tranquillizers and hypnotics/sedatives, on the one hand, and mortality, suicides and UnderPrivileged Area score, on the other, in the 33 municipalities of Skåne County. Benzodiazepine sales in the city of Helsingborg were the highest in the country and higher than the national average to all age groups and both genders. A minority of the physicians, &lt;5%, had issued about 10 times as many benzodiazepine prescriptions as the average physician in Helsingborg. High compliance rates among district physicians after information by pharmacists, to brands recommended by the Drugs and Therapeutics Committee, attributed to cost savings several times the costs of the information campaign. Repeated verbal producer-independent education produced significant changes in attitudes towards drugs, drug treatment and drug information. Both this programme and a local educational programme at a health care centre resulted in an overall and sustained reduction in antibiotic prescribing. There was a substantial difference between sales at the local pharmacy and the purchases on prescription by the local population. Less than 4% of the purchased drugs were returned unused to pharmacies for destruction. Conclusion: There are large differences in sales of drugs between municipalities within the same county. The results show that local drug sales covariates with, and hence may indicate, socio-economic conditions, morbidity and mortality. This information may be used to identify areas where there is a need of information and education activities to promote rational prescribing. Local sales data are reasonably well suited to follow effects of such information and educational activities. However, local sales of drugs do not fully correspond to purchases and drug use by the local population, neither to prescribing by the local physicians. In order to identify target groups for information and education, there is a need for additional information, as deviant prescribing habits among a minority of doctors may be influential. Nevertheless, successively improved quality and accessibility of local sales data may provide a useful and cost-effective means to analyse and improve prescribing and use of drugs. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Lokal läkemedelsstatistik – ett verktyg för att identifiera problemområden och att bedöma effekter av information och utbildning om läkemedel.<br/><br> <br/><br> Det finns behov att studera läkemedelsförskrivning och läkemedelsanvändning och dessas samband med och effekter på hälsa, sjuklighet och överdödlighet. Det är också önskvärt att kunna använda individdata. I Sverige är det i allmänhet inte tillåtet att använda individdata avseende läkemedelsanvändning. Det finns däremot god tillgång på befolknings- och områdesbaserade försäljningsdata av god kvalitet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka om sådana aggregerade data samvarierar med sjuklighet i befolkningen, att identifiera områden där det finns informations- och utbildningsbehov och att bedöma effekterna av informations- och utbildningsinsatser. Avsikten har också varit att mäta skillnader mellan de lokala apotekens försäljning och den lokala befolkningens inköp av läkemedel mot recept samt att undersöka hur mycket oanvända läkemedel som återlämnas till apoteken för destruktion.<br/><br> <br/><br> Uppgifterna om den lokala läkemedelsförsäljningen har hämtats från apotekens inleveransstatistik, Receptundersökningen samt lokala förskrivningsstudier. Kompletterande information har inhämtats från kopior av expedierade recept på apotek, kopior av utfärdade recept på vårdcentraler samt ur journaldata på vårdcentral. Dessutom har nationella data om läkemedelsförsäljningen hämtats från apotekens inleveransstatistik och Receptundersökningen samt uppgifter för de nordiska länderna från Nordisk läkemedelsstatistik. Nationella data om förskrivningen har hämtats från Diagnos-Recept-undersökningen. En undersökning har dessutom genomförts om hur mycket läkemedel som under två veckor återlämnades till apoteken i Skåne för destruktion.<br/><br> <br/><br> Den lokala läkemedelsstatistiken visar stora skillnader i försäljningen av läkemedel mellan kommuner inom samma län. Resultaten från studierna visar att läkemedelsförsäljningen lokalt samvarierar med och indikerar skillnader mellan kommunerna i socioekonomisk nivå, sjuklighet och överdödlighet. Informationen kan också användas för att identifiera områden där det kan vara motiverat med informations- och utbildningsinsatser för att främja en rationell läkemedelsförskrivning. Lokala data om läkemedelsförsäljningen lämpar sig väl för att bedöma effekterna av informations- och utbildningsinsatser.<br/><br> <br/><br> Apotekens försäljning av läkemedel lokalt motsvarar dock inte helt den lokala befolkningens läkemedelsinköp eller användning och inte heller receptförskrivningen lokalt. Resultaten i de studier om läkemedelsanvändning som baseras på de lokala apotekens försäljning (t.ex. studier som gjorts före 1997) kan vara missvisande och kan därför behöva revideras.<br/><br> <br/><br> Försäljningsdata i nuvarande form räcker inte heller för att identifiera vilka målgrupper som informations- och utbildningsaktiviteterna skall riktas till, utan behöver kompletteras med andra informationskällor om receptutfärdare och arbetsplats. Receptundersökningens material kan emellertid komma att få en sådan komplettering, om förslaget i regeringens proposition 2001/02:63; §6 genomförs, dvs. att arbetsplatskod krävs på recepten för att läkemedlet skall ingå i läkemedelsförmånen.<br/><br> <br/><br> Lokala försäljningsdata, med ökad kvalitet och tillgänglighet, är i många avseenden ett användbart och kostnadseffektivt instrument för att, i kombination med andra tillgängliga data, analysera förskrivning och användning av läkemedel. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a0c95620-a539-49d1-84b7-4a3672aade25 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5769526/1030392.pdf application/pdf 245095 no Anders Ekedahl, SMI Universitetssjukhuset MAS (MFC), Ingång 59, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden, 2002 eng unused drugs Pharmacological sciences toxikologi farmaci farmakognosi Farmakologi toxicology pharmacognosy pharmacy producer independent information drug sales statistics Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease 91-628-5156-X 464419 108 2002-03-23T10:00:00+01:00 Article: I. Ekedahl A, Lidbeck J, Lithman T, Noreen D and Melander A:Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns in a high-prescribing Scandinavian community. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 44:141-6. Article: II. Sundquist J, Ekedahl A, Johansson S-E:Sales of tranquillizers, hypnotics/sedatives and antidepressants and their relationship with underpriviliged area score and mortality and suicide rates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 51:105-9. Article: III. Ekedahl A, Wergeman L, Rydberg T:Unused drugs in Sweden measured by returns to pharmacies. Manuscript. Article: IV. Ekedahl A, Petersson BÅ, Eklund P, Rametsteiner G and Melander A: Prescribing patterns and drug costs: Effects of formulary recommendations and community pharmacists´ information campaigns. Int J Pharm Pract 1994; 2:194-8. Article: V. Ekedahl A, Andersson SI, Hovelius B, Mölstad S, Liedholm H and Melander A: Drug prescription attitudes and behaviour of general practitioners. Effects of a problem-oriented educational programme.Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 47:381-7. Article: VI. Mölstad S, Ekedahl A, Hovelius B and Thimansson H:Antibiotics Prescription in Primary Care: A 5-Year Follow-up of an Educational Programme. Family Practice 1994; 11:282-6. a0c95620-a539-49d1-84b7-4a3672aade25 2016-04-04T11:25:12+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:25:12+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:57c8ab99-dcb7-4b33-914e-3acf1f89a991 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Sal B Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund 1 Teddy Ercegovic author 81e7a092-79ba-4a35-a6ed-8ebeba13aed4 [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Professor Gert-Jan Boons opponent Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA Centre for Analysis and Synthesis v1000651 department Gangliosides (G) are sialic acid-containing cell surface glycosphingolipids capable of forming lactones, i.e. inner esters. Some gangliosides are tumor-associated antigens, and they may serve as immunogens in their lactone form, where the latter is comparatively more abundant on the surface of malignant cells. Due to improved hydrolytic stability, lactam (inner amide) analogues of gangliosides should be better immunogens than the corresponding lactones while still being conformationally nearly identical. Hence, a lactam-specific antibody which cross-reacts with the corresponding lactone is possible to prepare. As target molecule for this work was chosen an [8,9]-lactam analogue of GD3, a tumor-associated antigen for human malignant melanoma.<br/><br> <br/><br> The alfa-2-8 coupling of two sialic acid residues proved to be the critical and most difficult step in the synthesis, and a novel potent tetra-O-acetylated-3-(S)-phenylthio ethylthioglycoside sialyl donor was therefore developed (Papers I-II).<br/><br> <br/><br> Sialylation of a 9-azido acceptor was accomplished in 28% yield with the novel donor, and the subsequently prepared bis-sialic acid lactam was shown to be conformationally nearly identical with a lactone analogue, where the latter was also prepared by means of the novel sialyl donor (Paper III).<br/><br> <br/><br> Removal of the auxiliary 3-(S)-phenylthio group was however difficult in some instances, and a 3-(S)-phenylseleno phosphite donor was therefore prepared. Although the 3-(S)-phenylseleno group was easily removable, it did not confer any powerful sialylation capability in terms of yield, albeit the stereoselectivity was excellent. Both the weak C-Se bond and a conformational phenomena explained this result (Paper IV).<br/><br> <br/><br> Two 3-(S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)thio methylthioglycoside sialyl donors were also prepared, and they provided good yields in bis-sialo couplings, albeit the stereoselectivity was unsatisfactory. The removal of the 3-(S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)thio group was also unexpectedly difficult.<br/><br> <br/><br> Many promoter systems of thioglycosides are available, such as NIS/TfOH and MeSBr/AgOTf, but they all have some practical disadvantages. In order to overcome this, the novel promoter system ICl/AgOTf was developed, and it proved to be both versatile and especially convenient to use (Paper V). https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/57c8ab99-dcb7-4b33-914e-3acf1f89a991 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5770008/1001939.pdf application/pdf 9558592 no Organic Chemistry, Lund University 2001 eng thioglycoside promoter ganglioside Tumor-associated antigen lactam lactone sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid Neu5Ac sialyl donor auxiliary group 3-(S)-phenylthio bis-sialic acid lactam 3-(S)-phenylseleno silver trifluoromethanesulfonate iodine monochloride Organic chemistry Organisk kemi Organic Chemistry 91-628-4623-X 41336 64 2001-03-23T10:15:00+01:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Organic chemistry (S/LTH) (011001240) 57c8ab99-dcb7-4b33-914e-3acf1f89a991 2016-04-04T11:25:19+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:25:19+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:66e247eb-c51b-4806-9bd9-ba589baefe16 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Zoology building, Helgonavägen 3 223 62 Lund 1 Mattias Ekerholm author a5e89139-24ee-4713-aac0-7a5e37e76fb7 Eric Hallberg supervisor c1d64e3a-03eb-4cfc-8e90-1b567a37fab1 Dr Thomas Breithaupt opponent Univeristy of Hull, Hull, UK Department of Biology v1000601 department Locating and evaluating a suitable partner for mating is one of the most important events in any sexually reproducing organism. To achieve this, an animal must be able to locate its partner over both long and short distances, and finally evoke the proper mating behaviour. This is made possible by use of conspecific signals picked up by one or several sensory systems, the most well investigated being visual, acoustic, tactile and olfactory.<br/><br> <br/><br> This thesis presents evidence that the shore crab Carcinus maenas utilize pheromones and other chemical signals for mating. Briefly, I have studied male and female responses to odours and urine from both sexes in long-range, near-range and at contact range.<br/><br> <br/><br> Males are attracted to female urine pheromones. When concentration and spatial scale are varied, the same chemicals (urine) evoke a chain of different behaviours. At close distance and high concentrations pairing-related behaviours are evoked, and search-related behaviours and display are abandoned. Conversely, low concentrations on longer distances show more search and display and no pairing behaviour.<br/><br> <br/><br> Response variability plays a significant role in modifying behaviour in this species. I have shown that much of this can be attributed to a novel primer pheromone, which increases male receptivity to the female pheromone. Female moult stage also affects male responses at contact-range, but not at near-range. Male status also affect his search, but not pairing behaviour.<br/><br> <br/><br> The female pheromone has due to the lack of long-range properties not been able to explain how males locate females over a distance. Instead, present evidence suggested that the pattern may be reversed, with females of the right moult stage locateing males over long distances. The females are able to discriminate between male and female odour and search preferentially for males. The pheromone in male urine evokes several pairing-specific behaviours in females, similar to the case of males and female pheromones.<br/><br> <br/><br> As a final step in linking pheromone communication to the lek mating system, we show that females are able to identify male status by odour, and preferentially search for the dominant male. Females previously exposed to a fight between the dominant and subordinate male also showed higher preference for the dominant, than females that were unfamiliar with the males.<br/><br> <br/><br> This dissertation shows that chemical communication during the mating period is of utmost significance for a marine species, the shore crab. Apart from this I have shown that complex behavioural chains can be evoked by the same cue, presented at different spatial context and concentration. I have also shown how important it is to know the mating system of the species to be able to identify the steps where pheromones and other chemical signals affect behaviour such as search and choice of a partner. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Att kunna lokalisera och bedöma en partner är en av de, evolutionärt sett, viktigaste egenskaperna hos alla sexuellt reproducerande organismer. För att möjliggöra detta använder sig ett djur sig av olika (visuella, taktila, akustiska och kemiska) signaler för inomartskommunikation.<br/><br> <br/><br> Jag har genom att studera kemiska signaler för inomartskommunikation (s.k. feromoner) hos strandkrabban Carcinus maenas kommit fram till att ämnen från motsatta könet kan spela stor roll för den naturliga sekvensen av parningsbeteenden, från sökande till parbildning. För att visa på detta har jag undersökt feromonresponser till motsatta könet hos både hanar och honor i tre rumsliga kontexter.<br/><br> <br/><br> Hanar söker efter källan till honferomoner, och beroende på feromonkoncentration och avstånd så blir responsen en allt högre grad av parningsrelaterade beteenden.<br/><br> <br/><br> Responserna till honurin varierar mycket, och påverkas dels av ett primerferomon i honans urin och dels av honans ömsningsstatus och hanens status.<br/><br> <br/><br> Honferomonet har beroende på bristande långdistansegenskaper dock inte kunnat förklara hur hanar attraheras på distans till honor, befintliga bevis visade snarare på motsatsen, att honor söker efter hanar. Honor I rätt ömsningsstadie söker upp hanar över långa avstånd. Honorna kan skilja på han och hondoft och att de faktiskt visar på ökad sökaktivitet, riktad mot handofter, medan hondofter inte utlöser detta sökande. Precis som hos honan finns feromonet i hanens urin, och vid höga urinkoncentrationer så visar honan upp parbildningsspecifika beteenden på liknande sätt som hanen gör till honferomonet. Honorna kan också skilja på, och föredrar att söka sig till dominanta hanars doft. Honorna drogs även i högre grad till dominanta hanarna de hade sett fightas tidigare än till obekanta dominanter.<br/><br> <br/><br> Jag har genom min avhandling visat på hur kemisk kommunikation under parningen är av avgörande betydelse för en marin art, i detta fall strandkrabban. Resultaten visade också på ett feromonkommunikationssystem intimt knutet till parningsstrategin (lek), och att fullständiga stereotypa beteenden i anslutning till parningen kan utlösas av doftstimuli från det motsatta könet. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/66e247eb-c51b-4806-9bd9-ba589baefe16 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5770708/545345.pdf application/pdf 13762623 no Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University 2005 eng Zoology Urine communication Behavior Spatial scale Male pheromone Primer pheromone Zoologi Olfaction Zoology 91-85067-19-9 545343 100 2005-09-29T10:00:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Zoology (Closed 2011) (011012000) 66e247eb-c51b-4806-9bd9-ba589baefe16 2016-04-04T11:25:30+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:25:30+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c16d072f-9888-4a23-9922-8ed1ce81b7de 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Chemical Center room B 1 Markus Nilsson author 965d4a9b-a913-4e9a-a745-ec509c99ec35 Olle Söderman Söderman supervisor Dr. prof. Claudia Smidth Smidth opponent Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, university of Paderbon, Germany Physical Chemistry v1000657 department The aim of this thesis has been to investigate self-diffusion behavior of host-guest complex, <br/><br> microemulsion and polymer solution. Pulsed Field Gradient NMR (PFG-NMR) was shown to <br/><br> provide detailed molecular information in all system studied. The general strategy was to measyre <br/><br> the diffusivities of the species and from there get molecular insight into the aggregation and <br/><br> dynamics of the system. <br/><br> Guest host interaction has been studied between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and different <br/><br> cationic surfactant. The equilibrium constant (K11) increases as a function of the number of CH2 <br/><br> groups in the surfactant chain. It could be concluded that the cavity of β-CD could incorporate <br/><br> approximately 10-12 CH2 groups and that it is the hydrophobic interaction that mainly is <br/><br> responsible for the inclusion complex formed. The interaction between the gemini surfactant and <br/><br> β-CD formed a 2:1 (CD:gemini) complex in a two step mechanism with the first association <br/><br> constant higher than the second one (K2:1), but both relatively small in comparison with the <br/><br> analogue singled tailed surfactant. The values of the K11 and K21 increased with gemini spacer <br/><br> length which indicate that the available space on the gemini molecule is important. The second <br/><br> association constant shows no cooperatively and its magnitude are discussed in terms of steric <br/><br> constrains. Bolaform surfactant complexation was investigated with both β-CD and α-CD with <br/><br> Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC). The K11, enthalpy and entropy of formation were <br/><br> obtained. From ITC a molecular interpretation is made explaining the enthalpy and entropy <br/><br> difference between α- and β-CD. <br/><br> In a second study diblock copolymers of the type methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)- <br/><br> poly(alkylene oxide) were incorporated into the nonionic bicontinuous microemulsion at 298 K. <br/><br> An enhancement of the microemulsion in solubilising water and oil were observed with a <br/><br> boosting factor of 9. The self-diffusion coefficients of the components in the system were <br/><br> measured and provided molecular information on how the microstructure of the bicontinuous <br/><br> microemulsion changed upon addition of the polymers. <br/><br> The diffusion study concerning the aqueous solution of the synthetic polymers, PEO- <br/><br> PPO-PEO, is focused towards analyzing the PFG-NMR decay correctly. The polydispersity has <br/><br> consequences on the polymer self-assembly, which were highlighted, modeled and discussed <br/><br> based on PFG-NMR data. The main conclusion is that the curved NMR decay as obtained for <br/><br> self-assembly can be explained with a multi-component ideal solution. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c16d072f-9888-4a23-9922-8ed1ce81b7de https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5771173/1040267.pdf application/pdf 4557528 no Lund University (Media-Tryck) 2008 eng host-guest complexation gemini surfactant cyclodextrin bolaform surfactant self-diffusion NMR pluronic bicontinuous microemulsion polydispersity boosting effect Physical Chemistry (including Surface- and Colloid Chemistry) 1040142 178 2008-03-28T10:30:00+01:00 For erreat or disscussion cosidering the content in the thesis contact Markus Nilsson. Phone number: 0730671403 c16d072f-9888-4a23-9922-8ed1ce81b7de 2016-04-04T11:25:37+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:25:37+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c14b5f25-6841-4acf-9e6e-768eed32ff40 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lecture Hall B, Fysicum, Sölvegatan 14 A, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Mikael Egard author 7ef39bc5-3b05-42e6-91ef-1d0f84b61e5b Lars-Erik Wernersson supervisor df6a486d-cb71-4d90-b84b-a2115a5761bf Professor Iain Thayne opponent School of Engineering, Glasgow University, United Kingdom Solid State Physics v1000623 department NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience v1000190 department Short high-frequency electromagnetic pulses, also referred to as wavelets, are considered for use in various short-range impulse based ultra-wideband applications, such as communication, imaging, radar, spectroscopy, and localization. This thesis investigates field-effect and tunneling based semiconductor devices and their operation in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) impulse transceivers. The main research contribution of this work is the demonstration of a novel high performance InGaAs MOSFET and its integration in a wavelet generator. <br/><br> <br/><br> The first topic of this thesis is the design and fabrication of a gated tunnel diode (GTD) device. The main feature of the GTD is the ability to switch it between positive differential output conductance (PDC) and negative differential output conductance (NDC). This makes it a versatile element, which can be used to improve circuit functionality. <br/><br> <br/><br> The second topic is the design and fabrication of an epitaxially regrown InGaAs MOSFET. The device architecture was developed with the aim of minimizing the on-resistance (Ron) to increase the on-state current and extrinsic transconductance (gm,ext.). A 55-nm-gate length MOSFET yields gm,ext.=1.9 mS/μm at VGS=0.5 V and VDS=1 V, Ron=199 Ωμm, an extrapolated fmax of 292 GHz, and ft of 244 GHz. The device performance is analyzed by constructing a small-signal model, which includes the influence of impact ionization, band-to-band tunneling, and the wideband frequency response of gate oxide border traps. Vertical gate-all-around nanowire MOSFETs integrated on a Si platform are also investigated and exhibit gm,ext.=0.155 mS/μm, fmax=9.3 GHz, and ft=14.3 GHz. <br/><br> <br/><br> The regrown MOSFET is furthermore combined with an RTD to form a switchable NDC component, which is integrated in parallel to an inductive coplanar waveguide to form an oscillator circuit. By switching the output of the RTD-MOSFET between NDC and PDC it is possible to kick-start and rapidly quench the oscillator to produce mm-wave wavelets. The wavelet generator delivers coherent 41-ps-short wavelets with a peak output power of 7 dBm at a rate of 15 Gpulses/s. The wavelets are generated at an energy consumption of 1.9 pJ/pulse. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Arbetet i denna avhandling berör elektroniska<br/><br> komponenter och hur de kan<br/><br> användas i kretsar för trådlös kommunikation.<br/><br> Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen<br/><br> av arbetet är att innovativa<br/><br> och icke konventionella komponenter<br/><br> kan bidra till att förbättra presentanda<br/><br> och minska effektförbrukningen<br/><br> i system för kommunikation på<br/><br> korta avstånd. Framförallt har en<br/><br> krets tillverkats som genererar extremt<br/><br> korta och högfrekventa elektromagnetiska<br/><br> pulser med frekvens upp till<br/><br> 100 GHz, pulslängd ner till 33 ps och<br/><br> med en repetitionshastighet på upp till<br/><br> 15 Gbit/s. För att möjliggöra detta<br/><br> så har en ny typ av transistor utvecklats.<br/><br> Den främsta egenskapen hos<br/><br> denna transistor är att den opererar<br/><br> vid en väldigt hög hastighet samtidigt<br/><br> som den konsumerar mycket lite energi.<br/><br> Första gången människan kommunicerad<br/><br> trådlöst, om man bortser från ljud<br/><br> och skrift, var när Guglielmo Marconi<br/><br> skickade elektromagnetiska pulser genom<br/><br> luften år 1894. Dessa pulser skapades<br/><br> genom elektromagnetiska urladdningar<br/><br> som kopplades via en sändande antenn<br/><br> ut i etern och vidare till en mottagande<br/><br> antenn där signalen registrerades. Sedan<br/><br> dess har den trådlösa teknologin utvecklats<br/><br> i rasande takt och har gett upphov till<br/><br> olika produkter så som radar, television<br/><br> och mobiltelefoni. Metoderna har förfinats<br/><br> och gjorts allt mer raffinerade och<br/><br> idag kan man trådlöst skicka mer information<br/><br> per sekund än som kunde lagras<br/><br> totalt på en persondator i början av 1990-<br/><br> talet.<br/><br> För att fortsätta utvecklingen så krävs<br/><br> nya elektroniska komponenter som kan<br/><br> operera vid högre hastighet och vid mindre<br/><br> effektförbrukning. I detta arbete har<br/><br> fyra olika komponenter studerats. De<br/><br> första två är transistorer byggda från material<br/><br> i grupp 13 och 15 i det periodiska<br/><br> systemet, dessa material benämns även<br/><br> som grupp III och V och har egenskaper<br/><br> som gör att det går att tillverka snabbare<br/><br> och strömsnålare transistorer än med<br/><br> konventionell kiselteknologi. Användningen<br/><br> av III-V material gör att nya komponentstrukturer<br/><br> måste utvecklas. I denna<br/><br> avhandling undersöks en transistor där<br/><br> extra ledande material har tillförts för att<br/><br> minska effektförbrukningen och en transistor<br/><br> där den kontrollerande elektroden<br/><br> omsluter hela den kanal där strömmen<br/><br> färdas, vilket gör att strömmen går att<br/><br> styra på ett mycket effektivt sätt.<br/><br> Den tredje komponenten baseras på<br/><br> det kvantmekaniska fenomenet tunnling,<br/><br> som innebär att en ström kan flyta<br/><br> genom en region där den enligt klassisk<br/><br> mekanik inte borde kunna existera. Den<br/><br> fjärde komponenten baseras på samma<br/><br> fenomen, men där har en tredje elektrod<br/><br> integrerats för extra funktionalitet.<br/><br> Tunnlingskomponenterna besitter<br/><br> negativ resistans vilket gör att de kan användas<br/><br> för att tillföra energi i en krets.<br/><br> Genom att integrera en tunnlingskomponent<br/><br> i en resonanskrets så kan en elektromagnetisk<br/><br> svängning produceras. Arbetet<br/><br> i denna avhandling visar att genom<br/><br> att använda en transistor i serie med<br/><br> tunnlingskomponenten så kan svängninv<br/><br> gen strypas på ett effektivt sätt när transistorn<br/><br> slås mellan lågt och högt motstånd.<br/><br> Resultatet blir då korta högfrekventa<br/><br> pulser som kan användas för att skicka<br/><br> data mellan en sändare och mottagare,<br/><br> vilket illustreras av Fig. 1. Den framtagna<br/><br> kretsen kan även användas i en<br/><br> mottagare genom att rekonfigurera den<br/><br> elektriska styrsignalen till kretsen. Detta<br/><br> gör att sändare och mottagare kan bestå<br/><br> av samma krets, vilket minskar storleken<br/><br> på systemet och tillverkningskostnaden.<br/><br> De korta högfrekventa pulserna som<br/><br> sändaren producerar kan även användas i<br/><br> system som mäter avstånd, position, eller<br/><br> som används för att se genom objekt som<br/><br> inte är transparenta för synligt ljus. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/c14b5f25-6841-4acf-9e6e-768eed32ff40 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5726321/2440537.pdf application/pdf 3150281 no Lund University 2012 eng negative differential conductance oscillator resonant tunneling diode ultra-wideband impulse radio Wavelet generator MOSFET nanowire high frequency characterization Fysicumarkivet A:2012:Egard Condensed Matter Physics (including Material Physics, Nano Physics) 978-91-7473-309-9 2440362 158 2012-05-11T13:15:00+02:00 c14b5f25-6841-4acf-9e6e-768eed32ff40 2016-04-04T11:14:12+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:14:12+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5e2d1839-ff82-49a9-837f-df74ddb3a816 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Rune Grubb Salen, BMC 1 Xin Wang author 5a1786fe-7a27-4b15-8b39-0db36b42f9be [unknown] [unknown] supervisor Associate professor Elisabeth Norin opponent Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Division of Medical Microbiology v1000556 department Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen strongly associated with chronic type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. Our aims were to establish a mouse model of H. pylori infection, to study pathogenesis of gastritis and gastric cancer and to investigate new treatment strategies in this model. Both spiral and coccoid forms of H. pylori strains 17874, 25 and 553/93 caused chronic gastritis in BALB/cA mice during 30 weeks of infection. Infection with strain 553/93 displayed the most severe gastritis. Specific antibodies were detected using ELISA and immunoblot in mice infected with H. pylori following 4 weeks for 17874 spirals, and 16 weeks for 17874 coccoids, and both sprials and coccoids of two other strains. Dietary factors influenced the abilities to recover H. pylori from the infected mice through culture. One diet, without fish meal and heated at 140-150oC, gave the optimal H. pylori colonization and highest inflammation score in murine stomach among 4 commercial rodent diets tested. The changes were most dramatic (100% to 10-20% infection rate) when the infection was carried out in animals already fed on a specific diet. A H. pylori strain 119/95 (CagA and VacA positive) was found to predominate (90.5%) in the murine stomach from inocula containing nine H. pylori strains by RAPD-PCR among 577 colonies recovered from mice. C57BL/6 and BALB/cA mice showed higher inflammation scores than CBA/Ca or NMRI mice at 4 and/or 10 weeks post-inoculation. Subsequently C57BL/6 mice (n=5) inoculated with a H. pylori mouse passaged strain 119/95 developed a gastric squamous cell papilloma after 13 months. Three out of five animals developed high-grade B-cell lymphoma derived from a MALT lymphoma at the squamous-corpus border with manifestations also in the liver, spleen and kidney. An astaxanthin-rich algal meal from the microalga Hamatococcus pluvialis and vitamin C inhibit H. pylori growth at 0.3125 to 2.5 mg/ml (astaxanthin content, 6.25 to 50 mg/ml) and 0.5 to 2 mg/ml in vitro respectively. Furthermore, these antioxidants decreased the gastric colonization and inflammation significantly in infected BALB/cA mice. The effect on inhibition of H. pylori infection by the astaxanthin-rich algal meal was found to occur simultaneously with a modulation H. pylori-induced T-lymphocyte response, switching from a Th1- to a Th1/Th2-response. These studies illustrate that H. pylori can induce chronic gastritis and gastric lymphoma in an optimized mouse model. Dietary factors influence H. pylori infection and antioxidants may become a new treatment strategy against H. pylori infection in humans. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Helicobacter pylori är en spiralformad Gramnegativ human-specifik patogen, som kan penetrera magsäckens slemlager och kolonisera epitelskiktet. H. pylori infektion är en högriskfaktor för utvecklandet av kronisk gastrit, magsår och ventrikelcancer. Både aktivt växande spiralformer av H. pylori och dess runda viloformer framkallar kronisk magkatarr (gastrit) i BALB/cA möss och orsakar ett immunologiskt svar med antikroppsbildning. Preliminära försök visade att infektionen påverkades starkt av den diet som djuren utfordrades med. En diet utan fiskmjöl gav den starkaste inflammationen och gastritbilden vid mikroskopisk undersökning. Infektion med en blandning av nio olika H. pylori stammar visade att en stam, 119/95, oftast snabbt konkurrerade ut övriga stammar. Denna stam har därför utvalts för vidare studier. I en annan musstam framkallade den kroniska infektionen ofta en specifik tumör, s.k. MALT- lymfom, medan djuren ej utvecklade magcancer, som är en vanligare H. pylori-associerad tumörform hos människa. H. pylori-infektion framkallar bildning av fria syreradikaler, som kan neutraliseras av antioxidantia såsom vitamin C. I ett senare försök visades att såväl vitamin C som astaxantin (en annan potent antioxidantia) kunde hämma infektionen och inflammationen. Dessa lovande resultat utnyttjas nu till att ta fram en ny behandlingsprincip för H. pylori- framkallad magkatarr hos människa. Slutligen har immunologiska studier i möss och på muslymfocyter visat att astaxantin framkallar en förändrad balans i de två huvudpopulationerna av dessa celler, vilket troligen underlättar för immunapparaten att utrota infektionen. Denna upptäckt kan förklara varför en obehandlad H. pylori-infektion utvecklas till en kronisk infektion med följdsjukdomar som magsår, MALT-lymfom och magcancer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/5e2d1839-ff82-49a9-837f-df74ddb3a816 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5727923/1693409.pdf application/pdf 7055928 no Xin Wang, Dept. of Med. Microbiol., Dermatol. & Infect., Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden, 2001 eng virology bacteriology Microbiology mice Helicobacter pylori gastritis lymphoma antioxidant diet Th1 and Th2 cytokines mycology Mikrobiologi bakteriologi virologi mykologi Microbiology in the Medical Area 91-628-4864-X 41787 128 2001-10-12T13:15:00+02:00 5e2d1839-ff82-49a9-837f-df74ddb3a816 2016-04-04T11:14:36+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:14:36+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:e0aa6e3e-4236-43fa-8422-cb8211a1264b 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published In Lecture Hall B at Fysikum, Professorsgatan 1, Lund University Faculty of Engineering 1 Hung Nguyen Ngoc author feec7fd2-a5f0-4b58-a61d-cbdc09115950 Bengt Martinsson supervisor f8b71ea8-79dc-4acc-9dd2-86a78ae38926 Prof. Dr. Willy Maenhaut opponent Ghent University (UGent), Belgium Nuclear physics v1000629 department The aim of this work was to study atmospheric aerosols, focusing on the chemical composition, the morphology and the origin of the aerosol in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. An aerosol sampler was developed for this purpose. A new method for quantitative analysis of the major components of the aerosol, i.e. C, N and O was developed, and methodologies for single-particle analysis to gain information on particle morphology and chemical composition were adapted and used for the aerosol samples.<br/><br> <br/><br> Samples collected during 60 intercontinental flights from 1999 to 2002 were analysed with regard to elemental composition with particle-induced X-ray emission. The results were used to study the properties and the origin of the aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere at northern mid-latitudes, focusing on the sulphur concentration. The results of this study show that particulate potassium and iron in the lowermost stratosphere originate in the troposphere and are transported across the tropopause, whereas particulate sulphur has a strong stratospheric origin in addition to transport across the tropopause. Approximately half of the mass of particulate sulphur transported from the stratospheric overworld to the lowermost stratosphere was formed from carbonyl sulphide the remainder being dominated by particulate sulphur and sulphur dioxide that was transported across the tropical tropopause. The production of particulate sulphur in the stratosphere was estimated to be 0.066 Tg S/y.<br/><br> <br/><br> A new multi-channel aerosol sampler was developed and calibrated for the second phase of the CARIBIC project, which improved the time resolution and produced samples for quantitative and individual particle analyses. It was found that the collection efficiency of the sampler was as high as 97% for particles larger than approximately 0.2 µm in diameter, and the cut-off was 0.08 µm at the calibration conditions. The time resolution of each sample was 1.5 hours. This sampler is a powerful tool for aerosol characterization from an aircraft.<br/><br> <br/><br> A new method for the analysis of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen based on the use of PESA has been developed for use on CARIBIC samples, which are collected on an organic backing film. For example, the detection limits of C, N O, S and Fe are 3, 1, 2, 2 and 0.1 ng/m3, normalized to STP. This analytical protocol is truly unique because it offers low detection limits and high analytical capability over a wide range of elements. Moreover, it yields quantitative information. This is the first quantitative measurement of the concentration of the carbonaceous aerosol component and other components such as N and O in the upper troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere. It was found that they, together with sulphur, are the major constituents of the aerosol in this region.<br/><br> <br/><br> Individual particles? characteristics have also been studied based on classification of individual particles with respect to morphology and composition along a transect from 50º N to 30º at 10 km altitude. The classification comprised of more than 30 particle types. Their morphology is complex and varied. A dependence of morphology on the location where they were collected was found. For further investigation of these aerosol particles, chemical analysis was undertaken. Two techniques, PIXE and PESA, were used to quantitatively determine the concentration of carbon and sulphur. Then the particulate carbon to sulphur ratio was used to express the composition of the samples. This ratio varied over the aerosol samples in a range 0.5 to 3.5. The largest value of this ratio appears at around the equator, south of ITCZ, whereas the lowest one was found in the lowermost stratosphere. Further chemical investigation using EFTEM was made to reveal the distributions of carbonaceous and sulphurous matter of individual particles. The results were used to explain the complex structures and the large variation in morphology of the aerosol from different regions. Particles with satellite patterns usually are interpreted as being composed of sulfuric acid. Analyses by EFTEM presented here show that these particles have a central particle composed of both carbonaceous and sulfurous matter and the satellites are composed of carbonaceous matter. Hence a morphological analysis alone could erroneously classify these mixed particles as being pure sulfuric acid. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Små partiklar i form av vätska eller fast material mellan 0.001 till 100 µm i diameter, kan sväva i luften och kallas då aerosolpartiklar. De påverkar direkt på klimatet genom att reflektera solstrålar ut till rymden. Detta gör att vi får ett kallare klimat. Indirekt kan de påverka klimatet genom att verka som kondensationskärnor vid molnbildning. Med detta påverkar de molnens strålningsegenskaper och livstid. Trots deras viktiga roll för klimat är kunskap om dem mycket mager. Min forskning gick ut på att utvidga den befintliga kunskapen om aerosolernas kemiska sammansättning, deras morfologi och ursprung. För detta syfte utvecklades en aerosolprovtagare, en ny metod för att kunna göra kvantitativ analys på huvudämnen (C, N och O) som finns i aerosolpartiklar och en ny metodik för att studera enskilda aerosolpartiklars morfologi och kemiska sammansättning.<br/><br> <br/><br> I det första arbetet analyserades prover som samlades under 60 flygningar mellan 1999 till 2002 för selektiva grundämnen med hjälp av den känsliga PIXE-metoden. Analysresultat användes sedan för att studera egenskaper av och källa till aerosoler i den lägsta delen av stratosfären vid norra jordklotets mittlatitud. Det visade sig att kalium och järn som finns på aerosol partiklar i den lägsta delen av stratosfären kommer från troposfären over tropopausen. Resultatet visade också att svavel transporterades till den lägsta delen av stratosfären från högre nivå i stratosfären samt från troposfären över tropopausen.<br/><br> <br/><br> En mångkanalprovtagare utvecklades och kalibrerades för användning inom ett internationellt projekt, CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigations of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). Med den här provtagaren förbättrades tidsupplösningen för provtagning av aerosol. Dessutom kan prov samlas för både kvantitativ analys och individuell partikelanalys. Vidare är insamlingseffektivitet 97 % för partiklar med diameter större än eller lika med 0.2 µm. Den är ett effektivt instrument for karakterisering av aerosolpartikel från ett flygplan.<br/><br> <br/><br> Utveckling av en ny metod för analys av kol, kväve och syre baserad på PESA-metod (particle elastic scattering analysis) genomfördes. Med den här metoden kan man analysera t.ex. ett kolrikt ämne som finns på ett underlag som just innehåller ämnet. Med hjälp av metoden kan man för första gången kvantitativt studera kol, kväve och syre i partiklar från övre troposfären och lägsta stratosfären. Mätningarna visar bl.a. att de här ämnena tillsammans med svavel är huvudämnen på aerosoler i tropopausområdet.<br/><br> <br/><br> Slutlighen har jag utvecklat en ny metodik för att studera individuella partiklar från tropopausen och mellan södra och norra jordklotet. Den går ut på att klassificera enskilda partiklars utseende och kemiska sammansättning längs flygrutten. Partiklarnas morfologi och kemiska sammansättning varierade med position där de samlades. Bland annat kan man hitta stora partiklar med komplicerad struktur på norra jordklotet och södra jordklotets midlatituder. Partiklar i över troposfären kan ha bildats där uppe genom koagulation och olika gas-till- partikelprocesser. Partiklar i den lägsta delen av stratosfären visade sig vara mer grenad struktur än de som fanns på övre troposfären. Detta beror troligen på att stratosfäriska partiklar befanns sig en längre tid i atmosfären än troposfäriska partiklar. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/e0aa6e3e-4236-43fa-8422-cb8211a1264b https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5728750/602552.pdf application/pdf 1667540 no Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Technology) 2007 eng CARIBIC Physics Singel particle analysis TEM and EFTEM Carbon and Sulphur Light element analysis Aerosol sampler Chemical Characterisation Aerosol in the Tropopause Region Nuclear physics Technological sciences Fysik Teknik Kärnfysik Fysicumarkivet A:000 Subatomic Physics 978-91-628-7332-5 599268 2007-11-30T13:45:00+01:00 <div class="article_info">Bengt G. Martinsson, Hung Nguyen Ngoc, Carl A. M. Benninkmeijer, Adreas Zahn, Jost Heintzenberg, Markus Hermann and Peter F. J. Van Velthoven. <span class="article_issue_date">2005</span>. <span class="article_title">Characteristics and origin of lowermost stratospheric aerosol at northern midlatitudes under volcanically quiescent conditions based on CARIBIC observations</span> <span class="journal_volume">vol 110</span> <span class="journal_distributor">Media-Tryck</span></div> <div class="article_info">Hung Nguyen Ngoc, Anders Gudmundsson and Bengt G. Martinsson. <span class="article_issue_date">2006</span>. <span class="article_title">Design and Calibration of a Multi-Channel Aerosol Sampler for Tropospause Region From the CARIBIC Platform</span> <span class="journal_series_title">Aerosol Science and Technology</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 40</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 649-655</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Media-Tryck</span></div> <div class="article_info">Hung Nguyen Ngoc and Bengt G. Martinsson. <span class="article_issue_date">2007</span>. <span class="article_title">Analysis of C, N and O in aerosol colected on an organic backing using internal blank measurements and variable beam size</span> <span class="journal_series_title">ELSVIER</span>, <span class="journal_volume">vol 264</span> <span class="journal_pages">pp 96 -102</span>. <span class="journal_distributor">Media-Tryck</span></div> <div class="article_info">Hung Nguyen Ngoc, Bengt G. Martinsson, Jakob B. Wagner, Eric Carlemalm, Martin Ebert, Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer, Jost Heitzenberg, Markus Hermann, Peter F. J. Van Velthoven and Andreas Zahn. <span class="article_issue_date"></span>. <span class="article_title">Chemical Composition and Morpholgoy Variation of Individual Aerosol Particles from a 10 km altitude flight between 50 degreeS N to 30 degrees S (CARIBIC)</span> <span class="journal_distributor">Media-Tryck</span> (manuscript)</div> The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Technology) (011013007) e0aa6e3e-4236-43fa-8422-cb8211a1264b 2016-04-04T11:14:50+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:14:50+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3dfc91c3-a422-48e0-818b-7f8220398707 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Getingevagen 60 Lund University, Kemicentrum, Hall B, Lund University, Lund 1 Anil Kurut Sabanoglu author a7f16f91-a301-4407-8ae4-fed8ca5a458d Mikael Lund supervisor 19146bd3-d347-4a94-93a8-1d1a11e3f988 Dr Jens Erik Nielsen opponent Senior Manager in Novozymes,Bagsvaerd Denmark eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration v1001240 department Computational Chemistry v1000659 department Anisotropic protein interactions have a strong orientation dependence resulting from an uneven distribution of charged and hydrophobic residues on the protein surface. They play an important role in protein behaviors such as protein association, surface adsorption and phase separation. In this thesis, we have studied the effect of anisotropic interactions on the behavior of various proteins mainly by focusing on electrostatic interactions. We have developed coarse grained models, specific to each system by considering their essential details and used Metropolis Monte Carlo method to simulate protein behaviors in salt solutions and at charged interfaces. We show that anisotropic dipolar interactions may overcome the net charge repulsion between similarly charged proteins and favor the protein association. The strong directionality of these interactions may reinforce specific protein orientations, required for protein activity. Note that hydrophobic anisotropy can also compete with the directionality of the dipolar interactions and may force the proteins into less favorable dipole orientations. We also show that the charge regulation effects and the specific Hofmeister ion binding can significantly alter the charge distribution of proteins, and thus they should not be overlooked in the studies of protein electrostatics. Our results indicate that to gain a comprehensive understanding of protein electrostatics, one needs to consider: (i) the higher order multipole interactions; (ii) the hydrophobic patchiness that can compete with the multipole interactions; (iii) the charge regulation effects; as well as (iv) the specific ion binding. The extent of these factors can roughly be estimated by examining the dipole moment, the locations of hydrophobic patches, the number of residues with acid dissociation constants around solution pH as well as the concentration of binding ions and the exposed area of their binding sites. <b>Popular Abstract in English</b><br/><br> Proteins are molecular machines of the human body which regulate all life sustaining processes such as energy production, communication, transport of essential molecules, defense against microbes, etc. They are built by small molecular units called amino acids, bound together like pearls on a necklace. Each amino acid consists of a common part and a unique side chain. The former makes up the backbone of a protein chain and the latter determines the nature of the amino acid. There are 22 kinds of amino acid side chains which provide an enormous diversity to the protein chains. The amino acid side chains can have a water- (polar) or oil-like (hydrophobic) nature. Some polar amino acids may bear a positive or negative charge depending on the environmental conditions such as acidity and salt concentration. It is a well-known phenomenon that water tends to separate from oil. This also holds for an oil-like, hydrophobic amino acid where water tends to push these amino acids together to avoid contact with them. Due to this tendency, the protein chains fold into a globular shape so that most of the hydrophobic amino acids are located in the protein interior and the polar amino acids are on the surface. However, some proteins that lack hydrophobic amino acids do not fold into a globular shape and behave as flexible chains. These proteins are called intrinsically disordered proteins.<br/><br> The nature of protein interactions is determined by the distribution of charged and hydrophobic amino acids on the surface, in case of globular proteins, or in the chain, in case of disordered proteins. The segregation of positive amino acids from the negative ones results in anisotropic interactions which resemble the interactions of two magnets where opposite poles abstract and the similar ones repel each other. Thus, the nature of anisotropic interactions depends on the orientations of the proteins. These interactions can also originate from clustering of hydrophobic amino acids on protein surfaces, which creates sticky surface patches.<br/><br> In this thesis, we have studied the effect of hydrophobic and charge patchiness of protein surfaces on the protein-protein and protein-surface interactions in salt solutions. We used Monte Carlo simulations to mimic protein behaviors with the help of computers and played around with the acidity and salt concentration of the protein solutions to determine their impact. We have developed system specific protein models which represent proteins by collections of interacting spheres. In the model development, we used a coarse graining approach where we have only considered the details of proteins that are essential for the specific study.<br/><br> We have shown that the hydrophobic and charge patchiness on a protein surface can be altered by binding of charged salt species on the protein surface – called the Hofmeister ion effect. Under correct solution acidity, the charge residues can adapt a charged or neutral state to maximize attraction with opposite charges or to minimize repulsion with similar charges. This phenomenon is called charge regulation which can also alter the charge patchiness of the protein surfaces. The resulting complex patch interactions may reinforce specific protein orientations, and may facilitate protein associations into functional machines. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/3dfc91c3-a422-48e0-818b-7f8220398707 https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5797055/4610765.pdf application/pdf 14388504 no Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University 2014 eng Anisotropic interactions protein electrostatics phase association surface adsorption coarse grained models Monte Carlo simulations Theoretical Chemistry (including Computational Chemistry) 978-91-7422-365-1 4610736 156 2014-09-19T13:15:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Theoretical Chemistry (S) (011001039) 3dfc91c3-a422-48e0-818b-7f8220398707 2016-04-04T11:32:21+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:32:21+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:006a93e0-1b2b-49ca-861a-e6065b0d905d 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Biology lecture hall, Sölvegatan 35, Lund 1 Jonas Larsson author c5a413cb-f485-40e7-af7c-ead62b619d0d Claes von Wachenfeldt supervisor e7d9c720-876f-43c8-9acc-6d3794fcfa41 Prof. Dr. Uwe Völker opponent Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Medical School Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, D-17489 Greifswald Department of Biology v1000601 department Redox reactions are central to all organisms to sustain life. Both anabolic and catabolic metabolism depends on them. It is thus vital to sense and adjust the redox balance in the cell. One major factor affecting the redox status is the level of oxygen present. Transitions between different oxygen concentrations change the redox status and among other things, confer a stress upon the cells. This stress ultimately leads to altered expression levels of genes necessary to cope with the new conditions. In this thesis different aspects of what ultimately causes stressful situations, and what bacteria can do to counteract them are analysed.<br/><br> <br/><br> The redox-sensing protein Rex (YdiH) from Bacillus subtilis is characterised. Rex adjusts the cell in a way that enables conservation of energy by means other than aerobic respiration. This is accomplished by coordinating the regulation of three systems involved in growth at low oxygen levels.<br/><br> <br/><br> Exposure of cells to damaging nitrogen compounds exerts a stress upon the bacteria. This work shows that the cellular response involves two systems. One is an inducible system (hmp) involving a haemoglobin-like protein for direct detoxification of the nitrogen compounds, while the other system confers a constitutive protection (yjbIH).<br/><br> <br/><br> The thesis also describes a hitherto uncharacterised protein (YjbH), which has a key role in the control of the global regulator Spx, which in turn is involved in disulphide stress management. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> Redoxreaktioner är centrala i många livsnödvändiga funktioner såsom anabol och katabol metabolism. Det är därför viktigt att känna av och reglera cellens redoxstatus. En viktig komponent som påverkar detta är tillgången på syre. När syretillgången förändras så förändras den intracellulära redoxstatusen, vilket genererar en stress för cellen. Denna stress leder till ett förändrat uttryck av gener, kodande för proteiner som kan hjälpa till att återställa redoxbalansen. Denna avhandling presenterar olika aspekter av vad som ytterst orsakar denna stress och hur cellerna hanterar den.<br/><br> <br/><br> Redoxsensorn Rex (YdiH) från Bacillus subtilis har karakteriserats. Rex hjälper cellen att konservera energi när syre inte är tillgängligt, vilket sker genom att koordinera tre system som är viktiga för tillväxt vid låga syrehalter.<br/><br> <br/><br> När bakterier exponeras för skadliga kväveföreningar induceras en stress på bakteriecellen. Avhandlingen visar att cellens svar inkluderar två system. Ett är induceringsbart (hmp) och använder sig av ett hemoglobin-liknande protein för att oskadliggöra kväveföreningarna. Det andra systemet (yjbIH) ger ett konstitutivt skydd mot denna typ av stress.<br/><br> <br/><br> Avhandlingen presenterar även ett hittills okarakteriserat protein (YjbH) som har en nyckelroll i kontroll av den globala regulatorn Spx, vilken i sin tur är involverad i hanteringen av svavelbryggor. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/006a93e0-1b2b-49ca-861a-e6065b0d905d https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5798613/1026918.pdf application/pdf 17178080 no Cell and Organism Biology Lund University Sölvegatan 35 SE-22362 Lund 2005 eng redox sensor oxygen sensor reactive nitrogen species RNS Biology Biologi Microbiology bacteriology virology mycology bakteriologi Mikrobiologi virologi mykologi Bacillus subtilis Rex yjbI ydiH yjbH redox regulation Biological Sciences 91-85067-24-5 545441 94 2005-10-14T09:00:00+02:00 The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Biology building (Closed 2011) (011008000) 006a93e0-1b2b-49ca-861a-e6065b0d905d 2016-04-04T11:32:44+02:00 2025-07-28T19:30:29Z 2016-04-04T11:32:44+02:00

oai:lup.lub.lu.se:135e5ae2-b678-4b82-a7a2-a7905a17a4ef 2025-10-27T13:40:14Z allFtxt allFtxt thesis thesis:ftxt thesis:doccomp thesis:doccomp:ftxt

theses published Lundmarksalen, Sölvegatan 27 1 Henrik Jönsson author 5f8b0d1c-97d0-40c8-bf28-735ed256f782 Nils Ryde supervisor 998de3b4-fb2c-4fbe-aff8-2d98478e2b7a Professor Livia Origlia opponent Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Lund Observatory v1000643 department PhD project: The cosmic origin of fluorine and sulphur: Infrared spectroscopic studies of red giants project Disregarding the small primordial traces of the lightest elements, all metals have been formed in stellar processes, which means that the relative amount of metals in the Universe increases for every stellar generation. This build-up of elements is called chemical evolution and might be used both to constrain stellar models as well as understanding the formation and evolution of stellar populations. <br/><br> <br/><br> In this thesis I determine abundances of two of the least studied elements, fluorine and sulphur, in three different stellar populations in the Milky Way using infrared spectroscopy of giants. <br/><br> <br/><br> Regarding fluorine the chemical evolution is very unclear because the number of previous observations are small. The cosmic origin of fluorine could still be one or more of three different sources: asymptotic giant branch stars, core-collapse supernovae, or the winds of Wolf-Rayet stars. If the latter is confirmed by observations, fluorine would make a great proxy for the determining whether the initial mass function in the Bulge is different from the solar neighborhood, which has been suggested in several other types of works, but not all. If confirmed, that would tell us that the central parts of our Galaxy have evolved differently than the local Disk. In the thesis I find that all the fluorine in the solar neighborhood most likely was produced by asymptotic giant branch stars, but at the same time find possible indications of fluorine production by Wolf-Rayet stars in the Bulge, indeed suggesting an initial mass function of the Bulge that is skewed towards more massive stars as compared to the solar neighborhood.<br/><br> <br/><br> When it comes to sulphur, there have been several proposed trends for metal-poor stars. Interestingly some of these observations cannot be explained with classic models of Galactic evolution, thereby questioning some of our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. In this thesis I find a Galactic evolution-trend of sulphur following the expected trend from established models and cannot confirm any of the more exotic trends. <b>Popular Abstract in Swedish</b><br/><br> I Big Bang, då vårt Universum skapades, bildades i princip endast de två lättaste grundämnena, väte och helium. Alla andra grundämnen har skapats, och skapas fortfarande, i olika typer av stjärnor under olika utvecklingsfaser. Detta betyder att precis alla atomer, förutom väte och helium, som bygger upp alla saker, växter, djur och människor i vår omgivning, har bildats i stjärnor.<br/><br> <br/><br> När stjärnor har bildat nya grundämnen kan dessa antingen bindas kvar i stjärnan (eller stjärnresten), eller genom olika processer kastas ut i rymden. Dessa utkastade rester används sedan till grund för bildandet av nya stjärnor och himlakroppar i det eviga kosmiska kretsloppet. Stjärnornas ständiga atomproduktion betyder därför, på en astronomisk skala, två saker: halten tyngre grundämnen ökar hela tiden i Universum, och ju senare ett astronomiskt objekt, till exempel en stjärna, bildats, desto större halt tunga grundämnen innehåller det. Den typ av astronomisk forskning som går ut på att mäta den ökande halten av tyngre grundämnen kallas galaktisk kemisk utveckling, och dess resultat kan användas på två olika sätt beroende på om den specifika stjärnprocess (eller processer) som bildar det studerade grundämnet är känd eller ej. För grundämnen med okänt ursprung kan bestämmandet av den galaktiska kemiska utvecklingen ge oss information om när och i vilken typ av stjärna (eller stjärnor) som grundämnet bildas, vilket i sin tur kan ge oss insikt i stjärnors liv och hur de bildas och utvecklas. Ifall ett grundämnes ursprung redan är fastställt, kan uppmätandet av den kemiska utvecklingen i en population stjärnor med hittills okänd historia hjälpa till att fastställa hur stjärnpopulationen i fråga har bildats och utvecklats. I den här avhandlingen bestämmer jag, genom spektroskopiska observationer av stjärnor, de tidigare okända galaktiska kemiska utvecklingstrenderna för grundämnena fluor och svavel med målet att förstå deras kosmiska ursprung.<br/><br> <br/><br> När det gäller fluor är den galaktiska kemiska utvecklingstrenden väldigt osäker då det endast finns ett fåtal tidigare observationer. Fluors kosmiska ursprung kan fortfarande vara från en eller flera av tre olika källor: asymptotiska jättestjärnor, som är sollika stjärnor fast i ett senare utvecklingssteg, kärnkollapsande supernovor, som är de explosioner som innebär slutet för massiva stjärnors liv, eller så kallade Wolf-Rayet-stjärnor som är väldigt massiva stjärnor. I den här avhandlingen drar jag slutsatsen att allt fluor i solens astronomiska närhet sannolikt har bildats av asymptotiska jättestjärnor. Bilden på omslaget av avhandlingen visar en planetarisk nebulosa som är slutresultatet av den asymptotiska jättefasen; den tidigare jättestjärnan har krympt ihop till den lilla vita dvärg som syns mitt i bilden och runt omkring syns tydligt de ämnen stjärnan bildat och kastat ut i sin närhet. I praktiken innebär alltså mitt resultat att allt fluor vi stöter på, även det i vår tandkräm, sannolikt har bildats på detta vis av solens sedan länge döda släktingar, och att de andra två föreslagna produktionsställena - Wolf-Rayet stjärnor och kärnkollapsande supernovor - inte verkar bidra med särskilt mycket fluor.<br/><br> <br/><br> Kan dock fluorproduktion i de väldigt massiva Wolf-Rayet-stjärnorna bekräftas genom vidare observationer, innebär detta att fluorhalten kan användas för att avgöra andelen massiva stjärnor som funnits och dött i en population stjärnor med okänd historia. I vissa tidigare arbeten, men inte alla, som undersökt de centrala delarna av vår galax - Bulben - har det precis föreslagits att andelen massiva stjärnor har varit större i Bulben än i solens astronomiska närhet. I den här avhandlingen hittar jag möjliga indikationer på flourbildning i Wolf-Rayet-stjärnor i Bulben, vilket skulle innebära att de centrala delarna av vår Galax har utvecklats annorlunda än den mer yttre belägna delen där vi bor.<br/><br> <br/><br> Gällande svavel förväntas dess galaktiska kemiska utveckling följa de andra alfaämnena\footnote{Alfaämnen är grundämnen som skulle vara möjliga att bilda genom att addera allt fler alfapartiklar, till exempel syre, magnesium, kisel, svavel, calcium och titan.}, och främst bildas i kärnkollapsande supernovor, men tidigare utförda observationer har uppvisat flera olika svavelhaltstrender för gamla stjärnor, och ifrågasätter därmed en del av vår förståelse av bildandet och utvecklingen av vår galax. En av trenderna kan till exempel eventuellt förklaras om det skedde en stor mängd riktigt kraftiga supernovor - hypernovor - tidigt i vår galax historia. I den här avhandlingen bestämmer jag en svavelhaltstrend som följer vad man förväntar sig från etablerade modeller och hittar inga indikationer på att andelen hypernovor skulle vara så stor att den motsäger andra observationer. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/135e5ae2-b678-4b82-a7a2-a7905a17a4ef https://portal.research.lu.se/files/5799640/5424062.pdf application/pdf 530655 no Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University 2015 eng Chemical evolution near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy stellar abundances Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 978-91-7623-373-3 978-91-7623-374-0 5385723 94 2015-06-12T13:00:00+02:00 135e5ae2-b678-4b82-a7a2-a7905a17a4ef 2016-04-04T11:33:00+02:00 2025-10-27T13:40:14Z 2016-04-04T11:33:00+02:00 thesis:doccomp:ftxt!!!mods!500