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Lund University Lund University Publications2000-01-01T00:00+00:001dailyApplication of material flow analysis for the assessment of current municipal solid waste management in Karachi, Pakistan
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/5d4e7245-57aa-49b4-97dd-d646a7a13702
Aslam, ShizaAli, FaizanNaseer, AmnaSheikh, Zeshan2022-02This article assesses the status of the solid waste management system (SWMS) in Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, using the material flow analysis approach, a widely applied method in waste management (WM) studies. It involves a systematic assessment of the material flows of solid waste under the current WM system. A material flow diagram is developed to visualize the input and output waste flows. This study shows the quantification and identification of municipal solid waste (MSW) flow for the year 2019, from the point of generation to the end-use and disposal. Results show that the MSW generation increased from 10,435 to 15,600 metric tonnes per day (TPD) between 2017 to 2019. Approximately, 75% of the waste generated is collected: formally (50%); and informally (25%). The material recovery is low, accounting for only 26.28% of the total waste. There is no official material recovery and recycling facility. Therefore, material recovery solely depends on the informal sector. Results show that 70% of the daily waste ends up in landfills, which is 3120 TPD more than the formally collected waste. This estimated waste of 3120 TPD flows in either due to disposal activities of the backlogged waste or informally collected waste. Overall, Karachi’s SWMS performs poorly with a significant need for improvement. This study recommends adopting integrated WM approaches and inclusion of the informal sector to ensure the affordability and sustainability of the WM system.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/5d4e7245-57aa-49b4-97dd-d646a7a13702http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X211000427scopus:85103101175pmid:33764236engWaste Management and Research; 40(2), pp 185-194 (2022)ISSN: 0734-242XEnergy Engineeringintegrated waste managementKarachimaterial flow analysisSolid waste managementApplication of material flow analysis for the assessment of current municipal solid waste management in Karachi, Pakistancontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextDevelopment of an analytical exponential-6 equation of state through Monte Carlo simulations
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/f57ab639-367d-48b3-b8de-01a0bbe6413d
Hallstadius, Peter2023-10-28The exponential-6 (exp-6) potential is commonly used to model fluids at high densities. In this paper, I propose a new equation of state (EOS) in the form of an analytical expression for the excess Helmholtz free energy of an exp-6 fluid. The EOS is based on extensive Monte Carlo simulations and therefore combines the excellent accuracy of the simulations with the numerical efficiency of a polynomial expression. The mean relative error in compressibility factor and internal energy is 0.14% and 0.25% respectively, which is a significant improvement over statistical mechanical theories. The EOS was implemented into a thermochemical code in order to optimize gas parameters and evaluate its performance on pure gas data, shock compression and detonation properties. Predicted gas densities, heat capacities and speed of sound for pure gases were generally within experimental uncertainties at pressures up to 1 GPa and temperatures above 300 K. For polar molecules, a simple free energy correction was introduced which greatly improved accuracy at low temperature. Calculated shock Hugoniots showed excellent agreement with experimental values up to 150 GPa and 10 000 K, and the detonation performance was accurately predicted for a number of different types of explosives.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/f57ab639-367d-48b3-b8de-01a0bbe6413dhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0171319scopus:85175239282pmid:37870139engJournal of Chemical Physics; 159(16), no 164501 (2023)ISSN: 0021-9606Energy EngineeringDevelopment of an analytical exponential-6 equation of state through Monte Carlo simulationscontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletext