Lund University Publications
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Lund University Lund University Publications2000-01-01T00:00+00:001dailyDisaggregating the evidence linking biodiversity and ecosystem services
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/2bbd98f1-809a-43b2-a66a-d6132ac16253
Ricketts, Taylor H.Watson, Keri B.Koh, InsuEllis, Alicia M.Nicholson, Charles C.Posner, StephenRichardson, Leif L.Sonter, Laura J.2016-10-07Ecosystem services (ES) are an increasingly popular policy framework for connecting biodiversity with human well-being. These efforts typically assume that biodiversity and ES covary, but the relationship between them remains remarkably unclear. Here we analyse >500 recent papers and show that reported relationships differ among ES, methods of measuring biodiversity and ES, and three different approaches to linking them (spatial correlations, management comparisons and functional experiments). For spatial correlations, biodiversity relates more strongly to measures of ES supply than to resulting human benefits. For management comparisons, biodiversity of â € service providers' predicts ES more often than biodiversity of functionally unrelated taxa, but the opposite is true for spatial correlations. Functional experiments occur at smaller spatial scales than management and spatial studies, which show contrasting responses to scale. Our results illuminate the varying dynamics relating biodiversity to ES, and show the importance of matching management efforts to the most relevant scientific evidence.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2bbd98f1-809a-43b2-a66a-d6132ac16253http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13106pmid:27713429scopus:84990212390engNature Communications; 7, no 13106 (2016)ISSN: 2041-1723Disaggregating the evidence linking biodiversity and ecosystem servicescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextMulticonfigurational Quantum Chemistry
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/a27a0081-c97e-47d7-831a-dba6078c4da2
Roos, Björn O.Lindh, RolandMalmqvist, PerskeVeryazov, ValeraWidmark, Per Olof2016-08-15The first book to aid in the understanding of multiconfigurational quantum chemistry, Multiconfigurational Quantum Chemistry demystifies a subject that has historically been considered difficult to learn. Accessible to any reader with a background in quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry, the book contains illustrative examples showing how these methods can be used in various areas of chemistry, such as chemical reactions in ground and excited states, transition metal and other heavy element systems. The authors detail the drawbacks and limitations of DFT and coupled-cluster based methods and offer alternative, wavefunction-based methods more suitable for smaller molecules.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/a27a0081-c97e-47d7-831a-dba6078c4da2http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119126171urn:isbn:9781119126171urn:isbn:9780470633465scopus:85003022575engTheoretical ChemistryMulticonfigurational Quantum Chemistrybookanthology/bookinfo:eu-repo/semantics/booktextHarmonemia : A universal strategy for flow cytometry immunophenotyping - A European LeukemiaNet WP10 study
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/81a9adcf-01e1-4b23-9336-b01f2a5bd4e2
Lacombe, F.Bernal, E.Bloxham, D.Couzens, S.Porta, M. G.D.Johansson, U.Kern, W.Macey, M.Matthes, T.Morilla, R.Paiva, A.Palacio, C.Preijers, F.Ratei, R.Siitonen, S.Allou, K.Porwit, A.Béné, M. C.2016-08-01https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/81a9adcf-01e1-4b23-9336-b01f2a5bd4e2http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/leu.2016.44pmid:26922887scopus:84961226955engLeukemia; 30(8), pp 1769-1772 (2016)ISSN: 0887-6924Cancer and OncologyHarmonemia : A universal strategy for flow cytometry immunophenotyping - A European LeukemiaNet WP10 studycontributiontojournal/letterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextRevealing turning points in ecosystem functioning over the Northern Eurasian agricultural frontier
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/d7bd85db-3b55-4c46-89d0-4b3ee42eded9
Horion, StéphaniePrishchepov, Alexander V.Verbesselt, Jande Beurs, KirstenTagesson, TorbernFensholt, Rasmus2016-08-01The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has been a turning point in the World history that left a unique footprint on the Northern Eurasian ecosystems. Conducting large scale mapping of environmental change and separating between naturogenic and anthropogenic drivers is a difficult endeavor in such highly complex systems. In this research a piece-wise linear regression method was used for breakpoint detection in Rain-Use Efficiency (RUE) time series and a classification of ecosystem response types was produced. Supported by earth observation data, field data, and expert knowledge, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the occurrence of drastic changes in RUE (assessment of the timing, the direction and the significance of these changes) in Northern Eurasian ecosystems between 1982 and 2011. About 36% of the study area (3.4 million km(2) ) showed significant (P < 0.05) trends and/or turning points in RUE during the observation period. A large proportion of detected turning points in RUE occurred around the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and in the following years which were attributed to widespread agricultural land abandonment. Our study also showed that recurrent droughts deeply affected vegetation productivity throughout the observation period, with a general worsening of the drought conditions in recent years. Moreover, recent human-induced turning points in ecosystem functioning were detected and attributed to ongoing recultivation and change in irrigation practices in the Volgograd region, and to increased salinization and increased grazing intensity around Lake Balkhash. The ecosystem-state assessment method introduced here proved to be a valuable support that highlighted hotspots of potentially altered ecosystems and allowed for disentangling human from climatic disturbances.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/d7bd85db-3b55-4c46-89d0-4b3ee42eded9http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13267pmid:26929395scopus:85027939702engGlobal Change Biology; 22(8), pp 2801-2817 (2016)ISSN: 1354-1013breakpoint detectioncoupled human-natural systemsdriversearth observationecosystem disturbanceKazakhstanpiece-wise regression modelrain-use efficiencyRussiaRevealing turning points in ecosystem functioning over the Northern Eurasian agricultural frontiercontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextExperimental evidence for the mode of action based on electrostatic and hydrophobic forces to explain interaction between chitosans and phospholipid Langmuir monolayers
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/d668f90d-e041-48d9-a25d-fd5bb454e330
Pavinatto, AdrianaDelezuk, Jorge A.M.Souza, Adriano L.Pavinatto, Felippe J.Volpati, DiogoMiranda, Paulo B.Campana-Filho, Sérgio P.Oliveira, Osvaldo N.2016-09-01The interaction between chitosans and Langmuir monolayers mimicking cell membranes has been explained with an empirical scheme based on electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, but so far this has been tested only for dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid (DMPA). In this paper, we show that the mode of action in such a scheme is also valid for dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG), whose monolayers were expanded and their compressibility modulus decreased by interacting with chitosans. In general, the effects were stronger for the negatively charged DPPG in comparison to DPPC, and for the low molecular weight chitosan (LMWChi) which was better able to penetrate into the hydrophobic chains than the high molecular weight chitosan (Chi). Penetration into the hydrophobic chains was confirmed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. A slight reduction in conformational order of the lipid chains induced by the chitosans was quantitatively estimated by measuring the ratio between the intensities of the methyl (r+) and methylene (d+) peaks in the SFG spectra for DPPG. The ratio decreased from 35.6 for the closely packed DPPG monolayer to 7.0 and 6.6 for monolayers containing Chi and LMWChi, respectively. Since in both cases there was a significant phospholipid monolayer expansion, the incorporation of chitosans led to chitosan-rich and lipid-rich condensed domains, which mantained conformational order for their hydrophobic tails. The stronger effects from LMWChi are ascribed to an easier access to the hydrophobic tails, as corroborated by measuring aggregation in solution with dynamic light scattering, where the hydrodynamic radius for LMWChi was close to half of that for Chi. Taken together, the results presented here confirm that the same mode of action applies to different phospholipids that are important constituents of mammalian (DPPC) and bacterial (DPPG) cell membranes.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/d668f90d-e041-48d9-a25d-fd5bb454e330http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.001pmid:27182655scopus:84966657823engColloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces; 145, pp 201-207 (2016)ISSN: 0927-7765ChitosanConformationLangmuir monolayersPM-IRRASSFGExperimental evidence for the mode of action based on electrostatic and hydrophobic forces to explain interaction between chitosans and phospholipid Langmuir monolayerscontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextThe importance of cyclic structure for Labaditin on its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/270d993e-05e6-49b2-9a89-a51365347615
Barbosa, Simone C.Nobre, Thatyane M.Volpati, DiogoCiancaglini, PietroCilli, Eduardo M.Lorenzón, Esteban N.Oliveira, Osvaldo N.2016-12-01Antimicrobial resistance has reached alarming levels in many countries, thus leading to a search for new classes of antibiotics, such as antimicrobial peptides whose activity is exerted by interacting specifically with the microorganism membrane. In this study, we investigate the molecular-level mechanism of action for Labaditin (Lo), a 10-amino acid residue cyclic peptide from Jatropha multifida with known bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans. We show that Lo is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) but this does not apply to its linear analogue (L1). Using polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), we observed with that the secondary structure of Lo was preserved upon interacting with Langmuir monolayers from a phospholipid mixture mimicking S. aureus membrane, in contrast to L1. This structure preservation for the rigid, cyclic Lo is key for the self-assembly of peptide nanotubes that induce pore formation in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), according to permeability assays and dynamic light scattering measurements. In summary, the comparison between Labaditin (Lo) and its linear analogue L1 allowed us to infer that the bactericidal activity of Lo is more related to its interaction with the membrane. It does not require specific metabolic targets, which makes cyclic peptides promising for antibiotics without bacteria resistance.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/270d993e-05e6-49b2-9a89-a51365347615http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.017pmid:27665378scopus:84988644078engColloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces; 148, pp 453-459 (2016)ISSN: 0927-7765Antimicrobial peptideCyclic peptidesLabaditinLangmuir monolayersLarge unilamellar vesiclesPeptide nanotubesPM-IRRASStaphylococcus aureusThe importance of cyclic structure for Labaditin on its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureuscontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextTrends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014 : A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/901cfabb-3c6f-4a93-a9e6-639ea405dc9f
2016-04-02Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18.5 kg/m 2 [underweight], 18.5 kg/m 2 to <20 kg/m 2 , 20 kg/m 2 to <25 kg/m 2 , 25 kg/m 2 to <30 kg/m 2 , 30 kg/m 2 to <35 kg/m 2 , 35 kg/m 2 to <40 kg/m 2 , ≥40 kg/m 2 [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants (9.9 million men and 9.3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21.7 kg/m 2 (95% credible interval 21.3-22.1) in 1975 to 24.2 kg/m 2 (24.0-24.4) in 2014 in men, and from 22.1 kg/m 2 (21.7-22.5) in 1975 to 24.4 kg/m 2 (24.2-24.6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21.4 kg/m 2 in central Africa and south Asia to 29.2 kg/m 2 (28.6-29.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21.8 kg/m 2 (21.4-22.3) in south Asia to 32.2 kg/m 2 (31.5-32.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13.8% (10.5-17.4) to 8.8% (7.4-10.3) in men and from 14.6% (11.6-17.9) to 9.7% (8.3-11.1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23.4% (17.8-29.2) in men and 24.0% (18.9-29.3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3.2% (2.4-4.1) in 1975 to 10.8% (9.7-12.0) in 2014 in men, and from 6.4% (5.1-7.8) to 14.9% (13.6-16.1) in women. 2.3% (2.0-2.7) of the world's men and 5.0% (4.4-5.6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 ). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0.64% (0.46-0.86) in men and 1.6% (1.3-1.9) in women. Interpretation If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world's poorest regions, especially in south Asia.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/901cfabb-3c6f-4a93-a9e6-639ea405dc9fhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-Xpmid:27115820scopus:84962949589engThe Lancet; 387(10026), pp 1377-1396 (2016)ISSN: 0140-6736Family MedicineTrends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014 : A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participantscontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextPersonalized Dosimetry for Radionuclide Therapy Using Molecular Imaging Tools
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/d126a40c-e6e3-4bce-9a60-d9676eca1429
Ljungberg, MichaelSjögreen Gleisner, Katarina2016-11-15For treatment of systemic malignancies, when external radiation therapy is not applicable, radionuclide therapy can be an alternative. In this form of therapy, radionuclides are administered to the patient, often in a form where the radionuclide is labelled to a molecule that plays the active part in the localization of the tumor. Since the aim is to impart lethal damage to tumor cells while maintaining possible side-effects to normal tissues at tolerable levels, a proper and accurate personalized dosimetry should be a pre-requisite. In radionuclide therapy, there is a need to measure the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in vivo, as well as its re-distribution over time, in order estimate the total energy released in radioactive decays and subsequent charged-particle interactions, governing the absorbed dose to different organs and tumors. Measurements are usually performed by molecular imaging, more specifically planar and SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) imaging, combined with CT. This review describes the different parts in the dosimetry chain of radionuclide therapy. Emphasis is given to molecular imaging tools and the requirements for determining absorbed doses from quantitative planar and SPECT images. As example solutions to the different problems that need to be addressed in such a dosimetric chain, we describe our tool, Lundadose, which is a set of methods that we have developed for personalized dosimetry.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/d126a40c-e6e3-4bce-9a60-d9676eca1429http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines4040025scopus:85032867980pmid:28536392engBiomedicines; 4(4), pp 1-21 (2016)ISSN: 2227-9059Cancer and OncologyRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical ImagingOther Physics TopicsPersonalized Dosimetry for Radionuclide Therapy Using Molecular Imaging Toolscontributiontojournal/systematicreviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextBeyond Access : Characteristics of the Food Environment and Risk of Diabetes
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/2c6a7f4b-0103-4334-9129-7e6a0374586d
Mezuk, BrianaLi, XinjunCederin, KlasRice, KristenSundquist, JanSundquist, Kristina2016-06-15Characteristics of the built environment, including access to unhealthy food outlets, are hypothesized to contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Swedish nationwide registry data on 4,718,583 adults aged 35-80 years living in 9,353 neighborhoods, each with at least 1 food outlet, were geocoded and linked to commercial registers (e.g., restaurants and grocery stores). Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the prospective relationship between characteristics of the food environment and T2D from 2005 to 2010. Relative access to health-harming food outlets was associated with greater likelihood of both prevalent and incident T2D in a curvilinear manner, with the highest risk being observed for environments in which one-third of outlets were health-harming. Relative to individuals whose food environment did not change, those who moved into areas with more health-harming food outlets had higher odds of developing T2D (odds ratio = 3.67, 95% confidence interval: 2.14, 6.30). Among those who did not move, living in an area that gained relative access to health-harming food outlets was also associated with higher odds of T2D (odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.27, 2.33). These results suggest that local food environment, including changes that result in greater access to unhealthy food outlets, is associated with T2D.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2c6a7f4b-0103-4334-9129-7e6a0374586dhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv318pmid:27240801scopus:84992027976engAmerican Journal of Epidemiology; 183(12), pp 37-1129 (2016)ISSN: 0002-9262Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and EpidemiologyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiologyEnvironmentFast Foods/supply & distributionFemaleFood Supply/statistics & numerical dataHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesResidence Characteristics/statistics & numerical dataRestaurants/supply & distributionSmall-Area AnalysisSocioeconomic FactorsSwedenBeyond Access : Characteristics of the Food Environment and Risk of Diabetescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletext