Lund University Publications
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Lund University Lund University Publications2000-01-01T00:00+00:001dailyRising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/217bc153-5e31-4150-b543-b15249378ec1
2019-05-09Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/217bc153-5e31-4150-b543-b15249378ec1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1171-xpmid:31068725scopus:85065577280engNature; 569(7755), pp 260-264 (2019)ISSN: 0028-0836Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and EpidemiologyRising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adultscontributiontojournal/letterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextCSF and blood biomarkers for Parkinson's disease
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1e39b742-db65-4dcd-aca0-1fb79e7a4c0a
Parnetti, LucillaGaetani, LorenzoEusebi, PaoloPaciotti, SilviaHansson, OskarEl-Agnaf, OmarMollenhauer, BritBlennow, KajCalabresi, Paolo2019In the management of Parkinson's disease, reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease mostly relies on clinical symptoms, which hampers the detection of the earliest phases of the disease—the time at which treatment with forthcoming disease-modifying drugs could have the greatest therapeutic effect. Reliable prognostic markers could help in predicting the response to treatments. Evidence suggests potential diagnostic and prognostic value of CSF and blood biomarkers closely reflecting the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, such as α-synuclein species, lysosomal enzymes, markers of amyloid and tau pathology, and neurofilament light chain. A combination of multiple CSF biomarkers has emerged as an accurate diagnostic and prognostic model. With respect to early diagnosis, the measurement of CSF α-synuclein aggregates is providing encouraging preliminary results. Blood α-synuclein species and neurofilament light chain are also under investigation because they would provide a non-invasive tool, both for early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease versus atypical parkinsonian disorders, and for disease monitoring. In view of adopting CSF and blood biomarkers for improving Parkinson's disease diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, further validation in large independent cohorts is needed.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1e39b742-db65-4dcd-aca0-1fb79e7a4c0ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30024-9pmid:30981640scopus:85065771657engThe Lancet Neurology; 18(6), pp 573-586 (2019)ISSN: 1474-4422NeurologyCSF and blood biomarkers for Parkinson's diseasecontributiontojournal/systematicreviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextOcean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/ef8d7c69-0589-4f2c-b800-d961e92de87e
Clarkson, M. O.Kasemann, S. A.Wood, R. A.Lenton, T. M.Daines, S. J.Richoz, S.Ohnemueller, F.Meixner, A.Poulton, S. W.Tipper, E. T.2015-04-10Ocean acidification triggered by Siberian Trap volcanism was a possible kill mechanism for the Permo-Triassic Boundary mass extinction, but direct evidence for an acidification event is lacking. We present a high-resolution seawater pH record across this interval, using boron isotope data combined with a quantitative modeling approach. In the latest Permian, increased ocean alkalinity primed the Earth system with a low level of atmospheric CO2 and a high ocean buffering capacity. The first phase of extinction was coincident with a slow injection of carbon into the atmosphere, and ocean pH remained stable. During the second extinction pulse, however, a rapid and large injection of carbon caused an abrupt acidification event that drove the preferential loss of heavily calcified marine biota.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/ef8d7c69-0589-4f2c-b800-d961e92de87ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0193pmid:25859043scopus:84927592446engScience; 348(6231), pp 229-232 (2015)ISSN: 0036-8075Ocean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinctioncontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextHealth care professionals' experiences of screening immigrant mothers for postpartum depression-a qualitative systematic review
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/34831571-4341-445e-8015-c098c322a60c
Skoog, MalinHallström, Inger KristenssonVilhelmsson, Andreas2022INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression is considered a major public health problem, which immigrant mothers are at particular risk of being affected by, but it can also have long-lasting traumatic effects on the child's health and development. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is the world's most commonly employed screening instrument for postpartum depression, used in connection with a clinical interview to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to synthesize health care professionals (HCPs) experiences of identifying signs of postpartum depression and performing screening on immigrant mothers, since previous research suggested that this task might be challenging.METHODS: The databases CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Embase and Cochrane were searched for papers published January 2000-December 2020, reporting qualitative data on immigrants, postpartum depression and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Eight papers representing eight studies from four countries were included and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to assess their quality. The synthesis of studies was guided by Noblit & Hare's seven-step method based on meta-ethnography.FINDINGS: The synthesis resulted in two final themes: "I do my best, but I doubt that it's enough" and "I can find no way forward". The themes convey the fear and frustration that health care professionals experienced; fear of missing mothers with signs of postpartum depression, related to feeling uncomfortable in the cross-cultural setting and frustration in handling difficulties associated with communication, translated versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and cultural implications of postpartum depression.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION: By supporting HCPs' self-efficacy in handling cultural implications of postpartum depression and by developing evidence-based clinical guidelines for the use of interpreters and translated versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale the screening of immigrant mothers may be facilitated.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/34831571-4341-445e-8015-c098c322a60chttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271318scopus:85134165956pmid:35834550engPLoS ONE; 17(7), no e0271318 (2022)ISSN: 1932-6203NursingPsychiatryHealth care professionals' experiences of screening immigrant mothers for postpartum depression-a qualitative systematic reviewcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextAssessment of the genetic and clinical determinants of fracture risk : Genome wide association and mendelian randomisation study
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/49896aa3-0991-4481-ab58-2181c4a14e03
Trajanoska, KaterinaMorris, John A.Oei, LingZheng, Hou FengEvans, David M.Kiel, Douglas P.Ohlsson, ClaesRichards, J. BrentRivadeneira, Fernando2018-01-01Objectives To identify the genetic determinants of fracture risk and assess the role of 15 clinical risk factors on osteoporotic fracture risk. Design Meta-analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS) and a two-sample mendelian randomisation approach. Setting 25 cohorts from Europe, United States, east Asia, and Australia with genome wide genotyping and fracture data. Participants A discovery set of 37 857 fracture cases and 227 116 controls; with replication in up to 147 200 fracture cases and 150 085 controls. Fracture cases were defined as individuals (>18 years old) who had fractures at any skeletal site confirmed by medical, radiological, or questionnaire reports. Instrumental variable analyses were performed to estimate effects of 15 selected clinical risk factors for fracture in a two-sample mendelian randomisation framework, using the largest previously published GWAS meta-analysis of each risk factor. Results Of 15 fracture associated loci identified, all were also associated with bone mineral density and mapped to genes clustering in pathways known to be critical to bone biology (eg, SOST, WNT16, and ESR1) or novel pathways (FAM210A, GRB10, and ETS2). Mendelian randomisation analyses showed a clear effect of bone mineral density on fracture risk. One standard deviation decrease in genetically determined bone mineral density of the femoral neck was associated with a 55% increase in fracture risk (odds ratio 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.48 to 1.63; P=1.5×10'68). Hand grip strength was inversely associated with fracture risk, but this result was not significant after multiple testing correction. The remaining clinical risk factors (including vitamin D levels) showed no evidence for an effect on fracture. Conclusions This large scale GWAS meta-analysis for fracture identified 15 genetic determinants of fracture, all of which also influenced bone mineral density. Among the clinical risk factors for fracture assessed, only bone mineral density showed a major causal effect on fracture. Genetic predisposition to lower levels of vitamin D and estimated calcium intake from dairy sources were not associated with fracture risk.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/49896aa3-0991-4481-ab58-2181c4a14e03http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3225pmid:30158200scopus:85052645025engBMJ (Online); 362, no k3225 (2018)ISSN: 0959-8138OrthopedicsMedical GeneticsAssessment of the genetic and clinical determinants of fracture risk : Genome wide association and mendelian randomisation studycontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextGestational age at birth and mortality from infancy into mid-adulthood : a national cohort study
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/0ae65381-532a-433f-91f6-428560d22227
Crump, CaseySundquist, JanWinkleby, Marilyn A.Sundquist, Kristina2019Background: Breakthroughs in the treatment of preterm birth approximately 40 years ago have enabled a generation of preterm survivors to now reach mid-adulthood. Understanding their health sequelae is essential for guiding their long-term care. We did a study to examine preterm birth in relation to mortality into mid-adulthood. Methods: A national cohort study was done of all 4 296 814 singleton livebirths in Sweden between 1973 and 2015, who were followed up for mortality through Dec 31, 2017 (maximum age 45 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and cosibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental)factors. Findings: In 103·5 million person-years of follow-up, 43 916 (1·0%)deaths were reported. Gestational age at birth was inversely associated with mortality from infancy to mid-adulthood. Relative to full-term birth (39–41 weeks), the adjusted hazard ratios for mortality associated with gestational age at birth were: 66·14 (95% CI 63·09–69·34)for extremely preterm (22–27 weeks), 8·67 (8·32–9·03)for very preterm (28–33 weeks), 2·61 (2·52–2·71)for late preterm (34–36 weeks), and 1·34 (1·30–1·37)for early term (37–38 weeks), from birth to age 45 years; and 2·04 (0·92–4·55)for extremely preterm, 1·48 (1·17–1·87)for very preterm, 1·22 (1·07–1·39)for late preterm, and 1·16 (1·08–1·25)for early term, at ages 30–45 years. Preterm birth accounted for more deaths among males than females (additive interaction p<0·001). Multiple underlying causes were identified, including congenital anomalies; respiratory, endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases; cancer; and external causes. Cosibling analyses suggested that the observed associations were not due to shared genetic or environmental factors in families. Interpretation: Preterm and early term birth should be recognised as chronic conditions that require long-term follow-up for adverse health sequelae in adulthood. Funding: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0ae65381-532a-433f-91f6-428560d22227http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30108-7pmid:30956154scopus:85065223077engThe Lancet Child and Adolescent Health; 3(6), pp 408-417 (2019)ISSN: 2352-4642Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and EpidemiologyGestational age at birth and mortality from infancy into mid-adulthood : a national cohort studycontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextUltrafast THz Probe of Photoinduced Polarons in Lead-Halide Perovskites
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/48b11626-6eaf-4087-9f23-fe3f6f4bb696
Cinquanta, EugenioMeggiolaro, DanieleMotti, Silvia G.Gandini, MarinaAlcocer, Marcelo J.P.Akkerman, Quinten A.Vozzi, CaterinaManna, LiberatoDe Angelis, FilippoPetrozza, AnnamariaStagira, Salvatore2019We study the nature of photoexcited charge carriers in CsPbBr3 nanocrystal thin films by ultrafast optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. We observe a deviation from a pure Drude dispersion of the THz dielectric response that is ascribed to the polaronic nature of carriers; a transient blueshift of observed phonon frequencies is indicative of the coupling between photogenerated charges and stretching-bending modes of the deformed inorganic sublattice, as confirmed by DFT calculations.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/48b11626-6eaf-4087-9f23-fe3f6f4bb696http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.166601pmid:31075027scopus:85065149531engPhysical Review Letters; 122(16), no 166601 (2019)ISSN: 0031-9007Condensed Matter PhysicsUltrafast THz Probe of Photoinduced Polarons in Lead-Halide Perovskitescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextHydrated Electron Generation by Excitation of Copper Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/dbb96b9d-77be-4ee6-a482-6ffa279cf134
Pavliuk, Mariia V.Gutiérrez Álvarez, SolHattori, YocefuMessing, Maria E.Czapla-Masztafiak, JoannaSzlachetko, JakubSilva, Jose L.Araujo, Carlos MoysesFernandes, Daniel L.Lu, LiKiely, Christopher J.Abdellah, MohamedNordlander, PeterSá, Jacinto2019-04-18Hydrated electrons are important in radiation chemistry and charge-transfer reactions, with applications that include chemical damage of DNA, catalysis, and signaling. Conventionally, hydrated electrons are produced by pulsed radiolysis, sonolysis, two-ultraviolet-photon laser excitation of liquid water, or photodetachment of suitable electron donors. Here we report a method for the generation of hydrated electrons via single-visible-photon excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of supported sub-3 nm copper nanoparticles in contact with water. Only excitations at the LSPR maximum resulted in the formation of hydrated electrons, suggesting that plasmon excitation plays a crucial role in promoting electron transfer from the nanoparticle into the solution. The reactivity of the hydrated electrons was confirmed via proton reduction and concomitant H
2
evolution in the presence of a Ru/TiO
2
catalyst.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/dbb96b9d-77be-4ee6-a482-6ffa279cf134http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00792pmid:30920838scopus:85064123957engJournal of Physical Chemistry Letters; 10(8), pp 1743-1749 (2019)ISSN: 1948-7185Atom and Molecular Physics and OpticsHydrated Electron Generation by Excitation of Copper Localized Surface Plasmon Resonancecontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextRevisiting the biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationship
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/375c119a-d201-41e6-bc97-ad332be5bb6c
Gamfeldt, LarsRoger, Fabian2017-06-22A recent and prominent claim for the value of biodiversity is its importance for sustaining multiple ecosystem functions. The general idea is intuitively appealing: since all species are to some extent unique, each will be important for a different set of functions. Therefore, as more functions are considered, a greater diversity of species is necessary to sustain all functions simultaneously. However, we show here that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning does not change with the number of functions considered. Biodiversity affects the level of multifunctionality via non-additive effects on individual functions, and the effect on multifunctionality equals the average effect on single functions. These insights run counter to messages in the literature. In the light of our simulations, we present limitations and pitfalls with current methods used to study biodiversity-multifunctionality, which together provide a perspective for future studies.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/375c119a-d201-41e6-bc97-ad332be5bb6chttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0168pmid:28812584scopus:85029882879engNature Ecology and Evolution; 1(7), no 0168 (2017)ISSN: 2397-334XRevisiting the biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationshipcontributiontojournal/systematicreviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextInferred Allelic Variants of Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes : A System for Their Evaluation, Documentation, and Naming
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/095685ee-7c62-4ec0-8a6a-7ddd6b02adeb
Ohlin, MatsScheepers, CathrineCorcoran, MartinLees, William D.Busse, Christian E.Bagnara, DavideThörnqvist, LinneaBürckert, Jean PhilippeJackson, Katherine J.L.Ralph, DuncanSchramm, Chaim A.Marthandan, NishanthBreden, FelixScott, JamieMatsen Iv, Frederick A.Greiff, VictorYaari, GurKleinstein, Steven H.Christley, ScottSherkow, Jacob S.Kossida, SofiaLefranc, Marie Paulevan Zelm, Menno C.Watson, Corey T.Collins, Andrew M.2019Immunoglobulins or antibodies are the main effector molecules of the B-cell lineage and are encoded by hundreds of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) germline genes, which recombine to generate enormous IG diversity. Recently, high-throughput adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) of recombined V-(D)-J genes has offered unprecedented insights into the dynamics of IG repertoires in health and disease. Faithful biological interpretation of AIRR-seq studies depends upon the annotation of raw AIRR-seq data, using reference germline gene databases to identify the germline genes within each rearrangement. Existing reference databases are incomplete, as shown by recent AIRR-seq studies that have inferred the existence of many previously unreported polymorphisms. Completing the documentation of genetic variation in germline gene databases is therefore of crucial importance. Lymphocyte receptor genes and alleles are currently assigned by the Immunoglobulins, T cell Receptors and Major Histocompatibility Nomenclature Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) and managed in IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (IMGT). In 2017, the IMGT Group reached agreement with a group of AIRR-seq researchers on the principles of a streamlined process for identifying and naming inferred allelic sequences, for their incorporation into IMGT®. These researchers represented the AIRR Community, a network of over 300 researchers whose objective is to promote all aspects of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor repertoire studies, including the standardization of experimental and computational aspects of AIRR-seq data generation and analysis. The Inferred Allele Review Committee (IARC) was established by the AIRR Community to devise policies, criteria, and procedures to perform this function. Formalized evaluations of novel inferred sequences have now begun and submissions are invited via a new dedicated portal (https://ogrdb.airr-community.org). Here, we summarize recommendations developed by the IARC-focusing, to begin with, on human IGHV genes-with the goal of facilitating the acceptance of inferred allelic variants of germline IGHV genes. We believe that this initiative will improve the quality of AIRR-seq studies by facilitating the description of human IG germline gene variation, and that in time, it will expand to the documentation of TR and IG genes in many vertebrate species.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/095685ee-7c62-4ec0-8a6a-7ddd6b02adebhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00435pmid:30936866scopus:85064215478engFrontiers in Immunology; 10 (2019)ISSN: 1664-3224Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyAIRR-seqallelic variationIGHVimmunoglobulininferenceV(D)J rearrangementInferred Allelic Variants of Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes : A System for Their Evaluation, Documentation, and Namingcontributiontojournal/systematicreviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextAmyloid-β load is related to worries, but not to severity of cognitive complaints in individuals with subjective cognitive decline : The science project
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/62405368-1d73-47b3-a59d-f16e894d7f72
Verfaillie, Sander C.J.Timmers, TessaSlot, Rosalinde E.R.Van Der Weijden, Chris W.J.Wesselman, Linda M.P.Prins, Niels D.Sikkes, Sietske A.M.Yaqub, MaqsoodDols, AnnemiekLammertsma, Adriaan A.Scheltens, PhilipOssenkoppele, RikVan Berckel, Bart N.M.Van Der Flier, Wiesje M.2019Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Early disease processes, such as amyloid-β aggregation measured with quantitative PET, may help to explain the phenotype of SCD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitative amyloid-β load is associated with both self- and informant-reported cognitive complaints and memory deficit awareness in individuals with SCD. Methods: We included 106 SCD patients (mean ± SD age: 64 ± 8, 45%F) with 90 min dynamic [
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F]florbetapir PET scans. We used the following questionnaires to assess SCD severity: cognitive change index (CCI, self and informant reports; 2 × 20 items), subjective cognitive functioning (SCF, four items), and five questions “Do you have complaints?” (yes/no) for memory, attention, organization and language), and “Does this worry you? (yes/no).” The Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT)-Stories (immediate and delayed recall) was used to assess objective episodic memory. To investigate the level of self-awareness, we calculated a memory deficit awareness index (Z-transformed (inverted self-reported CCI minus episodic memory); higher index, heightened self-awareness) and a self-proxy index (Z-transformed self- minus informant-reported CCI). Mean cortical [
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F]florbetapir binding potential (BPND) was derived from the PET data. Logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education, and depressive symptoms, were used to investigate associations between BPND and measures of SCD. Results: Higher mean cortical [
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F]florbetapir BPND was associated with SCD-related worries (odds ratio = 1.76 [95%CI = 1.07 ± 2.90]), but not with other SCD questionnaires (informant and self-report CCI or SCF, total scores or individual items, all p > 0.05). In addition, higher mean cortical [
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F]florbetapir BPND was associated with a higher memory deficit awareness index (Beta = 0.55), with an interaction between BPND and education (p = 0.002). There were no associations between [
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F]florbetapir BPND and self-proxy index (Beta = 0.11). Conclusion: Amyloid-β deposition was associated with SCD-related worries and heightened memory deficit awareness (i.e., hypernosognosia), but not with severity of cognitive complaints. Our findings indicate that worries about self-perceived decline may reflect an early symptom of amyloid-β related pathology rather than subjective cognitive functioning.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/62405368-1d73-47b3-a59d-f16e894d7f72http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00007pmid:30760996scopus:85064275004engFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience; 11(JAN), no 7 (2019)ISSN: 1663-4365Gerontology, specializing in Medical and Health SciencesAlzheimer's diseaeseAmyloid PETEarly - biomarkersSelf-awarenessSubjective cognitive decline (SCD)Amyloid-β load is related to worries, but not to severity of cognitive complaints in individuals with subjective cognitive decline : The science projectcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextApoAI-derived peptide increases glucose tolerance and prevents formation of atherosclerosis in mice
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/05e8fa69-c0b3-4847-a332-db6ea2c225f8
Edmunds, Shelley JLiébana-García, RebecaNilsson, OktawiaDomingo-Espín, JoanGrönberg, CaitrionaStenkula, Karin GLagerstedt, Jens O2019-05-08AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Finding new treatment alternatives for individuals with diabetes with severe insulin resistance is highly desired. To identify novel mechanisms that improve glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, independently from insulin levels and signalling, we have explored the therapeutic potential of a short peptide sequence, RG54, derived from apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I).METHODS: INS-1E rat clonal beta cells, C2C12 rat muscle myotubes and J774 mouse macrophages were used to study the impact of RG54 peptide on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose uptake and cholesterol efflux, respectively. GTTs were carried out on diet-induced insulin-resistant and Leprdb diabetic mouse models treated with RG54 peptide, and the impact of RG54 peptide on atherosclerosis was evaluated in Apoe-/- mice. Control mice received ApoA-I protein, liraglutide or NaCl.RESULTS: The synthetic RG54 peptide induced glucose uptake in cultured muscle myotubes by a similar amount as insulin, and also primed pancreatic beta cells for improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The findings were verified in diet-induced insulin-resistant and Leprdb diabetic mice, jointly confirming the physiological effect. The RG54 peptide also efficiently catalysed cholesterol efflux from macrophages and prevented the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in Apoe-/- mice.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The RG54 peptide exhibits good prospects for providing glucose control and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with severe insulin resistance.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/05e8fa69-c0b3-4847-a332-db6ea2c225f8http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4877-2scopus:85065645400pmid:31069401engDiabetologia; 62(7), pp 1257-1267 (2019)ISSN: 1432-0428Immunology in the medical areaApoAI-derived peptide increases glucose tolerance and prevents formation of atherosclerosis in micecontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextPretreatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonists in ST-elevation myocardial infarction : a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/6167ac5e-c13b-40c6-9d72-b41064cd3e14
Redfors, BjornDworeck, ChristianHaraldsson, IngerAngerås, OskarOdenstedt, JacobIoanes, DanPetursson, PeturVölz, SebastianAlbertsson, PerRåmunddal, TrulsPersson, JonasKoul, SashaErlinge, DavidOmerovic, Elmir2019AIMS: Pretreatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with P2Y12 receptor antagonists is supported by guidelines and is a common practice despite the lack of definite evidence for its benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry on procedures between 2005 and 2016, we stratified all patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention due to STEMI in Sweden by whether or not they were pretreated with P2Y12 receptor antagonists. We investigated associations between pretreatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonists and the risk of adverse outcomes using propensity score-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression, which accounted for clustering of patients within hospitals. The primary endpoint was all-cause death within 30 days. Secondary endpoints were infarct-related artery (IRA) occlusion, 30-day stent thrombosis, in-hospital bleeding, neurological complications, and cardiogenic shock. In total, 44 804 patients were included. They were treated with clopidogrel (N = 26 136, 58.3%), ticagrelor (N = 15 792, 35.3%), or prasugrel (N = 2352, 5.3%); 37 840 (84.5%) were pretreated, and 30 387 (67.8%) had IRA occlusion. At 30 days, there were 2488 (5.6%) deaths and 267 (0.6%) stent thrombosis. Pretreatment was not associated with better survival at 30 days [odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-1.24; P = 0.313], reduced IRA occlusion (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.92-1.05; P = 0.608), decreased stent thrombosis (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69-1.43; P = 0.932), higher risk of in-hospital bleeding (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.89-1.26; P = 0.526), or neurological complications (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.43-1.21; P = 0.210). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment of STEMI patients with P2Y12 receptor antagonists was not associated with improved clinical outcomes.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/6167ac5e-c13b-40c6-9d72-b41064cd3e14http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz069pmid:30851037scopus:85064853541engEuropean Heart Journal; 40(15), pp 1202-1210 (2019)ISSN: 1522-9645Cardiac and Cardiovascular SystemsAntiplatelet therapyObservational studyP2Y12 receptor antagonistsPrimary PCIST-elevation myocardial infarctionSwedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty RegistryPretreatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonists in ST-elevation myocardial infarction : a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registrycontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextMulti-Functional Desaturases in Two Spodoptera Moths with ∆11 and ∆12 Desaturation Activities
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/e07ef71f-8238-48c8-9977-fcd8b9abb90e
Xia, Yi HanZhang, Ya NanDing, Bao JianWang, Hong LeiLöfstedt, Christer2019The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, uses (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate as the major component of its sex pheromone. Previous isotope-labeling experiments demonstrated an unusual ∆12 desaturase activity involved in the biosynthesis of this compound; however, the putative ∆12 desaturase gene has not been reported to date. In the present study, we confirmed this ∆12 desaturation pathway by in vivo labeling experiments, and characterized candidate desaturase genes in a yeast heterologous expression system. We demonstrated that a pheromone gland-specific desaturase, SexiDes5, uses palmitic acid and the subsequently chain-shortened product (Z)-9-tetradecenoic acid as substrates to produce (Z)-11-hexadecenoic and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienoic acids, respectively. In addition, the homologous desaturase SlitDes5 from the congeneric Spodoptera litura had analogous functions.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/e07ef71f-8238-48c8-9977-fcd8b9abb90ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-019-01067-3pmid:30937603scopus:85064257663engJournal of Chemical Ecology; 45(4), pp 378-387 (2019)ISSN: 0098-0331Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPheromone biosynthesisSpodoptera exiguaSpodoptera litura∆11 desaturation∆12 desaturationMulti-Functional Desaturases in Two Spodoptera Moths with ∆11 and ∆12 Desaturation Activitiescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextComparative Secretome Analyses of Primary Murine White and Brown Adipocytes Reveal Novel Adipokines
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/6fa087f4-4b3e-4145-a496-157c80d3f953
Ali Khan, AsrarHansson, JennyWeber, PeterFoehr, SophiaKrijgsveld, JeroenHerzig, StephanScheideler, Marcel2018-12The adipose organ, including white and brown adipose tissues, is an important player in systemic energy homeostasis, storing excess energy in form of lipids while releasing energy upon various energy demands. Recent studies have demonstrated that white and brown adipocytes also function as endocrine cells and regulate systemic metabolism by secreting factors that act locally and systemically. However, a comparative proteomic analysis of secreted factors from white and brown adipocytes and their responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation has not been reported yet. Therefore, we studied and compared the secretome of white and brown adipocytes, with and without norepinephrine (NE) stimulation. Our results reveal that carbohydrate-metabolism-regulating proteins are preferably secreted from white adipocytes, while brown adipocytes predominantly secrete a large variety of proteins. Upon NE stimulation, an increased secretion of known adipokines is favored by white adipocytes while brown adipocytes secreted higher amounts of novel adipokines. Furthermore, the secretory response between NE-stimulated and basal state was multifaceted addressing lipid and glucose metabolism, adipogenesis, and antioxidative reactions. Intriguingly, NE stimulation drastically changed the secretome in brown adipocytes. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive catalogue of novel adipokine candidates secreted from white and brown adipocytes with many of them responsive to NE. Given the beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue activation on its endocrine function and systemic metabolism, this study provides an archive of novel batokine candidates and biomarkers for activated brown adipose tissue.https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/6fa087f4-4b3e-4145-a496-157c80d3f953http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.RA118.000704scopus:85057725719pmid:30135203engMolecular and Cellular Proteomics; 17(12), pp 2358-2370 (2018)ISSN: 1535-9484Cell and Molecular BiologyComparative Secretome Analyses of Primary Murine White and Brown Adipocytes Reveal Novel Adipokinescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletext