@article{026bb49c-2957-4513-a4bf-0800eccd705a,
  abstract     = {{<p>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate psychometric properties of newly developed hand and wrist proprioception tests.</p><p>DESIGN: Cross-sectional and test-retest comparisons.</p><p>SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: Twenty-six individuals (mean age 40 years) with wrist disability (&gt; 3 months) due to traumatic injury or general instability.</p><p>METHODS: Pointing acuity (with eyes open and closed), active joint position sense (in extension, flexion, radial- and ulnar deviation) and grip force reproduction were measured by 1 rater on 2 occasions, 1 week apart. The mean absolute error was calculated for each test. Discriminative validity (affected vs non-affected hand/wrist) was evaluated by paired <br>
 t-test and test-retest reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).<br>
 </p><p>RESULTS: The pointing acuity test with eyes closed gave higher errors for the affected hand/wrist (<br>
 p = 0.08) and good ICCs (0.80-0.85), while the test with eyes open had poor discriminative ability (<br>
 p = 0.32) and test-retest reliability (ICC 0.13-0.16). The active joint position sense test showed higher error in flexion for the affected wrist (<br>
 p = 0.03), and the ICC was moderate (0.51). The remaining joint directions and the grip force reproduction test had poor discriminative ability (<br>
 p = 0.21-0.94) and poor to moderate ICCs (0.00-0.65).<br>
 </p><p>CONCLUSION: The pointing acuity test with eyes closed and the active joint position test in flexion show-ed promising results but need further evaluation in larger samples.</p>}},
  author       = {{Sontag, Maria and Röijezon, Ulrik and Brogårdh, Christina and Ekstrand, Elisabeth}},
  issn         = {{2003-0711}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--8}},
  publisher    = {{Medical Journals Sweden AB}},
  series       = {{Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications}},
  title        = {{New Clinical Measures of Hand and Wrist Proprioception : A Pilot Study for Evaluating Discriminative Validity and Test-retest Reliability in Individuals with Wrist Disability}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/jrm-cc.v8.43929}},
  doi          = {{10.2340/jrm-cc.v8.43929}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}