@article{0ed147fd-fe45-4801-962a-41d4064d5c08,
  abstract     = {{Some political parties employ clientelist practices to gain voter support. Yet as more citizens now vote from abroad, little is known about parties engaging in clientelism domestically versus transnationally. We propose parties adopt either a replication or differentiation approach, meaning they apply similar or different campaigning strategies abroad. Using a large-N sample of voter turnout in Southern and Eastern European elections, we correlate V-Dem’s index of clientelism with voter preferences to compare the effect on electoral outcomes domestically versus transnationally. We then unpack two case studies of the Croatian HDZ and Turkish AKP political parties’ practices abroad. Our findings show that on average clientelism fails to gain significant voter support abroad but some targeted clientelist and non-programmatic strategies can mobilize external voters. Our study contributes to understanding political party strategies beyond state borders.}},
  author       = {{Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián and Finn, Victoria and Yener-Roderburg, Inci Öykü and Jakobson, Mari Liis}},
  issn         = {{0001-6810}},
  keywords     = {{Transnational clientelism; External voting; Non-resident citizens; Political parties abroad; Europe}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{03}},
  publisher    = {{Palgrave Macmillan}},
  series       = {{Acta Politica}},
  title        = {{Does clientelism pay off abroad? : Emigrant voting in Southern and Eastern Europe}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41269-026-00413-0}},
  doi          = {{10.1057/s41269-026-00413-0}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}