@article{5c110744-87a6-4495-bb16-a6f7bedaec1f,
  abstract     = {{Aims<br/>To evaluate the association between diabetes and four peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes: carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE), radial nerve entrapment (RNE), and tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS).<br/>Methods<br/>This retrospective cohort study used the Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial Database (2007–2023). Adults ≥18 years were classified as having diabetes or serving as controls. Incident-only cohorts excluded individuals with prior diagnoses during a washout period. Propensity score matching (1:1, sex-stratified) reduced confounding, and Cox proportional hazards regression estimated time to incident diagnosis.<br/>Results<br/>After matching, cohort sizes ranged from 6.5 to 6.8 million individuals. Diabetes was significantly associated with increased risk of all four entrapment neuropathies: CTS (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.34–1.37), UNE (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.21–1.24), TTS (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.24–1.32), and RNE (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.05–1.17; all P &lt; 0.001). The strongest associations were observed in adults younger than 40 years with CTS (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.63–1.73) and TTS (HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.42–1.72).<br/>Conclusions<br/>Diabetes is associated with increased risk across multiple anatomically distinct nerve entrapments, supporting generalized nerve vulnerability. Younger adults with diabetes may represent a high-risk subgroup warranting enhanced clinical surveillance.}},
  author       = {{Rydberg, Mattias and Lakhlani, Devi and Sutjiadi, Brian Jonathan and Fox, Paige M. and Curtin, Catherine}},
  issn         = {{1873-460X}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{08}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1--7}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Journal of Diabetes and its Complications}},
  title        = {{Diabetes and the risk of entrapment neuropathies of the upper and lower extremity - A propensity score-matched cohort study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2026.109364}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2026.109364}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}