@inproceedings{71843ef2-5a3d-4bbe-8ff5-9e058f05524e,
  abstract     = {{In this paper, we present the development of a closed-loop drug delivery system for heart rate up-regulation in a novel ex vivo setup for functional evaluation of donor hearts. Such up-regulation is required to enable physiological testing aimed at supporting transplant decision-making. Clinical constraints prioritize safety over setpoint tracking performance. Accordingly, we develop a minimal dynamical model capturing the relevant response characteristics and use it to derive a closed-form upper bound on overshoot and tune a simple integrate-reset controller. We describe the real-time control system, which estimates heart rate from blood pressure measurements and regulates adrenaline infusion via a clinically certified pump. The controller design and modeling framework are discussed. Finally, the system is demonstrated in three ex vivo experiments on porcine hearts, showing closed-loop performance comparable to carefully executed manual drug titration. The controller is now used routinely in our ongoing evaluations.}},
  author       = {{Steen, Erik and Soltesz, Kristian and Li, Mei and Pigot, Henry and Paskevicius, Audrius and Liao, Qiuming and Steen, Stig}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Coinference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA) 2026}},
  isbn         = {{979-8-3195-3146-9}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE Press}},
  title        = {{Pharmacological up-regulation of heart rate in ex vivo heart evaluation}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/252611396/HR_CCTA_2026-final.pdf}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/CCTA62090.2026.11684254}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}