@inproceedings{e7a638ee-e9e2-4115-9434-081c81763f00,
  abstract     = {{<p>Refreshable tactile displays (RTDs) constitute a promising media for accessible graphics for users with visual impairments. Their ability to dynamically render graphics and provide touch-triggered audio feedback has the potential to radically transform access to digital visual content. Yet, guidelines regarding the interaction design of such displays are limited. In this paper, we present the results of co-design workshops with eleven visually impaired participants, exploring how the interaction with audio feedback and dynamic graphics on RTDs should be designed. We found that users rely on audio feedback to understand spatial relationships between graphical elements and to reorient themselves in dynamic graphics. We also report that the interaction with such feedback should be simple, natural and allow users to maintain contact with the display during exploration. Tactile zooming, panning and image comparison should be supplemented with reference points for reorientation and distinct tactile patterns to distinguish different elements of the graphics.</p>}},
  author       = {{Saeed, Taqwa and Magnusson, Charlotte and Rassmus-Gröhn, Kirsten and Balčikonis, Vilmantas and Hudin, Charles and Panëels, Sabrina}},
  booktitle    = {{Haptics : Understanding Touch; Technology and Systems; Applications and Interaction - 15th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2026, Proceedings}},
  editor       = {{Pacchierotti, Claudio and MacLean, Karon E. and van Erp, Jan B.F.}},
  isbn         = {{9783032322296}},
  issn         = {{1611-3349}},
  keywords     = {{Audio-Tactile graphics; Interaction design; Refreshable tactile displays}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{279--296}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media B.V.}},
  series       = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}},
  title        = {{Design of Tactile Graphics and Audio Feedback for Refreshable Tactile Displays}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-32230-2_22}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-032-32230-2_22}},
  volume       = {{16593 LNCS}},
  year         = {{2027}},
}