@article{eeba53a8-88af-44b3-8bea-b37237b38ba2,
  abstract     = {{Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the <br>
most common autoimmune blistering disease and has been linked to <br>
increased mortality, although previous studies have generally relied on <br>
small populations and no data have been available specifically for the <br>
Swedish population. This study aimed to evaluate the 1-and 10-year <br>
mortality rates and all-cause mortality in Swedish patients with BP <br>
compared with the general population. Using the National Patient <br>
Register, we conducted a retrospective cohort study and identified all <br>
BP cases in Sweden from 1 January 2005, to 31 December 2016. Age, sex, <br>
and county of residence matched controls without BP were drawn from the <br>
general population, and mortality data were obtained from the Swedish <br>
Cause of Death Register. In total, 5,738 patients with BP and 17,167 <br>
controls were included. BP patients had a significantly higher all-cause<br>
 mortality (HR 2.15, 95% CI 2.06–2.24) than controls, with 1-and 10-year<br>
 mortality rates of 21.2% and 80.2%, respectively. Cardiovascular <br>
diseases accounted for the largest proportion of deaths (25.3%). <br>
Notably, improved survival was observed among BP patients treated with <br>
methotrexate (MTX), prednisolone, and potent topical corticosteroids (HR<br>
 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.83). To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide<br>
 Swedish study on BP mortality and one of the largest to date, <br>
confirming a significantly increased mortality risk in BP patients, <br>
particularly due to cardiovascular causes, while also suggesting that <br>
combined MTX, prednisolone, and potent topical steroid treatment may <br>
improve survival outcomes.}},
  author       = {{Albadri, Zeyad and Häbel, Henrike and Thorslund, Kristofer and Grönhagen, Carina and Seifert, Oliver}},
  issn         = {{0001-5555}},
  keywords     = {{autoimmune blistering disease; autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease; bullous pemphigoid; epidemiology; mortality; public health}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Medical Journals Limited}},
  series       = {{Acta Dermato-Venereologica}},
  title        = {{Increased Mortality in Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid : A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study of 5,738 Patients in Sweden}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v106.44309}},
  doi          = {{10.2340/actadv.v106.44309}},
  volume       = {{106}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}