@misc{9222428,
  abstract     = {{Introduction: UC on SFC systems enables single-run separations across wide polarity ranges
and offers selectivity that complements LC/GC.
Background: The literature is small, and terminology varies. Main challenges are consistent
with recent studies: keeping the CO2 ® modifier mobile phase single phase, managing
viscosity/pressure at high percentage modifier, minimizing extra-column and strong diluent
effects, and balancing mobile-phase additives with mass spectrometry (MS) response and
matrix effects. Robustness and transfer between instruments also remain challenging.
Aim(s): To determine when UC on SFC platforms can credibly replace multiple LC methods
in a single run while maintaining MS compatability, enabling method transfer and potential
greenness benefit.
Methods: Peer-reviewed English papers (2015-2025) were found via an initial LubCat search
followed by systematic Web of Science searches with keywords and synonyms. Articles
explicitly mentioning UC or describing wide-gradient SFC relevant to analytical
performance/method development were screened by title, abstract and later full text
assessment. 12 met the criteria (last search: August 2025).
Analysis: Selectivity is set primarily by the stationary phase. Small amounts of water and
ammonium salt improve retention control and peak shape for polar/ionic analytes when a
single-phase is maintained. UC has replaced multiple LC runs in mixed polarity case studies.
Limitations are mainly practical: late gradient pressure/viscosity, extra column dispersion,
strong diluents, and compromising MS detection at higher levels of water/salt.
Conclusion and future perspective: UC is most useful as a one run complement to LC when
the mobile phase stays single-phase and small amounts of water with volatile salts preserve
MS response. Next steps are clear reporting for transfer and mapping how much water and
salt UC-MS can tolerate. Greenness should be checked with a standard score. When one UC
run can replace two or more LC runs without loss of sensitivity, UC is a good choice.
Otherwise, it should be used as a complement.}},
  author       = {{Heljic, Ariana}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Recent Trends in Unified Chromatography- Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}