@misc{9229740,
  abstract     = {{Steam and water chemistry is fundamental for most power generation on indus
trial scale. This includes the dosing of chemicals, the monitoring of both water
and steam, as well as understanding the underlying causes to diagnose eventual
problems. Öresundsverket, which was designed for seasonal operation, now has to
perform multiple starts per year and in meeting these demands there is a possi
bility to increase their flexibility to the grid, through optimized chemistry control.
This report aims to first observe the transients of contamination, during start up,
in the boiler by manual sampling. Secondly, to evaluate the impact this has on
critical systems in the process, such as the turbine and the boiler itself. Lastly,
this report aims to suggest possible remedies to adverse the unwanted outcomes,
with the main focus on increasing their flexibility in regards to variable operation,
evaluate damage mechanisms, and reduce boiler blow-down. To this end, the boiler
was sampled, python models were produced, and a condensate polishing plant eval
uated. To observe what contaminants enter and leave the boiler, multiple samples
were procured during a cold start and later analyzed for silica, iron, copper, sodium,
and ammonia, in addition to these the plant’s installed monitoring was used as well.
To see the impact of impurities on critical system, two models were produced. One
model aimed to evaluate the turbine when faced with temperature transients. The
other model was produced to simulate the dynamics of the contamination during
start-up, and see the efficacy of a precoat regarding start-up time. From the results
the main contaminations were found to be located to the high, and intermediate
pressures. For the high pressure system the main contamination was attributed to
the silica and sodium in the steam. For the intermediate pressure system the high
est concentrations were found to be the iron and sodium in the boiler water. The
system models were able to produce the expected results. For the turbine model
large transients, which are uncommon, are required to cause harm. For the drum
model the time that could be saved came to 13% of a cold start, which provided an
IRR of 9%. From the system models there is a lack of sufficient validation to draw
conclusions from. Finally, it’s clear that there are numerous benefits in installing
a condensate polishing plant. For one there is potential economic gain, there is a
sustainability aspect in saving in on fresh water from the use of make-up water, by
reducing boiler blow-down. By ensuring correct chemistry for starts and shutdowns
corrosion can be minimized in the boiler and turbine.}},
  author       = {{Bruxe, Astor}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Evaluation of steam and water chemistry for increased flexibility in a combined cycle power plant}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}