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Markfuktighetens påverkan på granens tillväxt i Guvarp

Persson, Ylva (2010) In Lunds universitets Naturgeografiska institution - Seminarieuppsatser
Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science
Abstract (Swedish)
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Drunkningsrisk för skogen? Att mängden vatten i marken är viktig för att granen ska kunna ha så god
tillväxt som möjligt är ingen nyhet. Är det för fuktigt drunknar rötterna, på
grund av att de inte får en tillräckligt mycket syre. I denna studie har två
markberedningsmetoder, högläggning och ingen markberedning, jämförts för
att se vilket alternativ som är mest lämpligt för området.
Gran är ett barrträd som har många användningsområden, till exempel som julgran,
timmer eller massaved. Många skogsägare i södra Sverige föredrar gran före andra
trädslag tack vare dess goda avkastning. I Guvarp, som ligger ungefär 7 kilometer
söder om Perstorp i Skåne, började planteringen av gran i mitten av... (More)
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Drunkningsrisk för skogen? Att mängden vatten i marken är viktig för att granen ska kunna ha så god
tillväxt som möjligt är ingen nyhet. Är det för fuktigt drunknar rötterna, på
grund av att de inte får en tillräckligt mycket syre. I denna studie har två
markberedningsmetoder, högläggning och ingen markberedning, jämförts för
att se vilket alternativ som är mest lämpligt för området.
Gran är ett barrträd som har många användningsområden, till exempel som julgran,
timmer eller massaved. Många skogsägare i södra Sverige föredrar gran före andra
trädslag tack vare dess goda avkastning. I Guvarp, som ligger ungefär 7 kilometer
söder om Perstorp i Skåne, började planteringen av gran i mitten av 1940-talet.
I Guvarp är det ofta fuktigt, ibland till och med till den grad att marken är täkt med
vatten. En hög vattenhalt i jorden leder till att de porer som finns i marken fylls med
vatten istället för syre. Rötter och nedbrytare som finns i jorden behöver syre för att
kunna bryta ner dött material och för att granen ska kunna få näring. Vid en alltför
hög markfuktighet, riskerar därför dessa att dö av syrebrist. För att motverka detta, har
skogsägarna gjort diken runt de områden som var särskilt drabbade. I vissa bestånd
har de före planteringen gjort en form av markberedning som kallas högläggning.
Med en grävskopa grävs gropar i marken, jorden i skopan läggs bredvid hålet och
granarna planteras i högen.
I Guvarp finns två områden som både har högläggning och mark utan markberedning.
Vid en jämförelse dem emellan har det visat sig att träden som var planterade med
högläggning var kortare, men hade bredare stammar och träden som stod på mark
utan beredning var högre och hade smalare stammar. Då syftet med skogsbruk ofta är
att producera mycket timmer, är de tjockare stammarna att föredra. Genom att studera
de mätningar som gjordes i området, är det bekräftat att högarna har en lägre
markfuktighetshalt än groparna som finns emellan. Slutsatsen när det gäller valet av
markberedning är att valet av högläggning var rätt för skogsbruket i Guvarp, då den
både sänker vattennivån och ger till exempel mer tillgång till näring och en högre
marktemperatur.
Slutsats? Drunkning uteblir! (Less)
Abstract
Norway spruce is a coniferous tree with many different fields of application. For an
example, they are used as Christmas trees, decoration and as timber or pulpwood. The
reason why many foresters in Sweden tend to choose spruce as their main species for
plantation is partly because of their fast growth rate and partly because the main
products are derived from the actual tree trunks. In the forest of Guvarp, about 7
kilometres south of Perstorp in Skåne, plantation of spruce begun in the middle of
1940. Before this shift in land use, the area was used for agriculture, either for
plantation of crops or as pastures. Until recently, the plantation of Guvarp oriented
towards Christmas tree production. The trees were planted with a... (More)
Norway spruce is a coniferous tree with many different fields of application. For an
example, they are used as Christmas trees, decoration and as timber or pulpwood. The
reason why many foresters in Sweden tend to choose spruce as their main species for
plantation is partly because of their fast growth rate and partly because the main
products are derived from the actual tree trunks. In the forest of Guvarp, about 7
kilometres south of Perstorp in Skåne, plantation of spruce begun in the middle of
1940. Before this shift in land use, the area was used for agriculture, either for
plantation of crops or as pastures. Until recently, the plantation of Guvarp oriented
towards Christmas tree production. The trees were planted with a distance of about 1
meter between the seedlings, which is closer than standard for plantation. The
remainder of the trees, used for pulpwood, will be growing more closely together.
This lowers the production rate and the monetary value of the forest.
Soil moisture affects the forest growth of Guvarp particularly because of its usually
high content in the soil. A high soil water content have the effect that pores within the
soil are filled with water and may drown roots and decomposers in the ground. As a
measure to prevent this, the foresters made trenches around the areas that were
affected. They also tilled some of their land, using mounding for their plantation. By
studying measurements made in this area, it is confirmed that the mounds have a
lower soil moisture content than the holes in between. It also shows that the actual
moisture content is relatively low, with values between 15-30 % depending on the
area. This is due to a lower than normal precipitation amount and a temperature up to
1,5 °C warmer than usual during the measurements done in April. A low soil
moisture may stress the plantations of Norway spruce, with effects like drying of the
roots, less photosynthesis and a lower nitrification from mycorrhizae, which is a
symbiosis between roots and fungus.
The results from an inventory that was made for 2 habitats in the area, which both
have trees planted in mounds and trees planted without any tilling, shows that the
trees on the mounds were shorter, but had wider trunks and trees without tilling were
taller with thinner trunks. When the seedlings where planted, the distance between
each plant where of equal length, which out rule any differences at the beginning of
their growth.
The conclusion when it comes to the choice of tilling is that mounding was the right
choice for the forest of Guvarp. However, there is one practice that is called inversion
which is more effective than mounding, but due to the high cost and difficulty to till
correctly, it is discarded from the area. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Persson, Ylva
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The effect of soil moisture on the growth of Norway spruce in Guvarp
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
naturgeografi, geografi, markfuktighet, gran, tillväxt, Guvarp, Skåne
publication/series
Lunds universitets Naturgeografiska institution - Seminarieuppsatser
report number
184
language
Swedish
id
1851756
date added to LUP
2011-03-24 15:02:04
date last changed
2011-12-20 12:02:26
@misc{1851756,
  abstract     = {{Norway spruce is a coniferous tree with many different fields of application. For an
example, they are used as Christmas trees, decoration and as timber or pulpwood. The
reason why many foresters in Sweden tend to choose spruce as their main species for
plantation is partly because of their fast growth rate and partly because the main
products are derived from the actual tree trunks. In the forest of Guvarp, about 7
kilometres south of Perstorp in Skåne, plantation of spruce begun in the middle of
1940. Before this shift in land use, the area was used for agriculture, either for
plantation of crops or as pastures. Until recently, the plantation of Guvarp oriented
towards Christmas tree production. The trees were planted with a distance of about 1
meter between the seedlings, which is closer than standard for plantation. The
remainder of the trees, used for pulpwood, will be growing more closely together.
This lowers the production rate and the monetary value of the forest.
Soil moisture affects the forest growth of Guvarp particularly because of its usually
high content in the soil. A high soil water content have the effect that pores within the
soil are filled with water and may drown roots and decomposers in the ground. As a
measure to prevent this, the foresters made trenches around the areas that were
affected. They also tilled some of their land, using mounding for their plantation. By
studying measurements made in this area, it is confirmed that the mounds have a
lower soil moisture content than the holes in between. It also shows that the actual
moisture content is relatively low, with values between 15-30 % depending on the
area. This is due to a lower than normal precipitation amount and a temperature up to
1,5 °C warmer than usual during the measurements done in April. A low soil
moisture may stress the plantations of Norway spruce, with effects like drying of the
roots, less photosynthesis and a lower nitrification from mycorrhizae, which is a
symbiosis between roots and fungus.
The results from an inventory that was made for 2 habitats in the area, which both
have trees planted in mounds and trees planted without any tilling, shows that the
trees on the mounds were shorter, but had wider trunks and trees without tilling were
taller with thinner trunks. When the seedlings where planted, the distance between
each plant where of equal length, which out rule any differences at the beginning of
their growth.
The conclusion when it comes to the choice of tilling is that mounding was the right
choice for the forest of Guvarp. However, there is one practice that is called inversion
which is more effective than mounding, but due to the high cost and difficulty to till
correctly, it is discarded from the area.}},
  author       = {{Persson, Ylva}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{Lunds universitets Naturgeografiska institution - Seminarieuppsatser}},
  title        = {{Markfuktighetens påverkan på granens tillväxt i Guvarp}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}