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Skadeståndet vid offentlig upphandling

Skoglösa, Pernilla LU (2012) JURM02 20112
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
En upphandlande myndighet som inte följt bestämmelserna i lagen om offentlig upphandling ska ersätta därigenom uppkommen skada för en leverantör. Bestämmelsen, som baseras på ett EU-direktiv, är tämligen intetsägande och dess tillämpning är oklar. Principer för ersättningsnivåer har utarbetats genom praxis, men oklarheter rörande under vilka förutsättningar skadestånd ska utgå och huruvida de bakomliggande syftena i direktivet fått genomslag i svensk rätt kvarstår.

Skadeståndet nedsattes i ett hovrättsfall till 0 kr av anledningen att anbudsgivaren inte ansågs ha vidtagit rimlig aktsamhet för att begränsa sin skada, eftersom någon ansökan om överprövning av upphandlingen inte ingavs inom föreskriven tid. Således görs skadeståndet... (More)
En upphandlande myndighet som inte följt bestämmelserna i lagen om offentlig upphandling ska ersätta därigenom uppkommen skada för en leverantör. Bestämmelsen, som baseras på ett EU-direktiv, är tämligen intetsägande och dess tillämpning är oklar. Principer för ersättningsnivåer har utarbetats genom praxis, men oklarheter rörande under vilka förutsättningar skadestånd ska utgå och huruvida de bakomliggande syftena i direktivet fått genomslag i svensk rätt kvarstår.

Skadeståndet nedsattes i ett hovrättsfall till 0 kr av anledningen att anbudsgivaren inte ansågs ha vidtagit rimlig aktsamhet för att begränsa sin skada, eftersom någon ansökan om överprövning av upphandlingen inte ingavs inom föreskriven tid. Således görs skadeståndet beroende av att en ansökan om överprövning sker, vilket väcker frågor om vilken funktion skadeståndet har och om det är förenligt med direktivets preventiva syfte att använda sig av i hovrättsfallet nyttjade begränsningar.

Ett antal nya regler infördes år 2010 i lagen om offentlig upphandling, vilka främst syftar till att förhindra otillåten direktupphandling. Möjlighet att överpröva ett avtals giltighet förekommer sedan dess och det aktualiserar spörsmålet hur skadeståndet påverkas i situationer då en otillåten direktupphandling skett.

I arbetet utreds vilken praktisk betydelse skadeståndet har i dagens läge, speciellt avseende förhållandet till överprövning samt då en otillåten direktupphandling skett. Uppsatsen behandlar även vilken ersättningsnivå som ska gälla, vem som är skadelidande, vid vilken tidpunkt en skada uppstår samt hur skadebegränsningsplikten och medvållandeansvar kan påverka ett eventuellt skadestånd. Dessutom utreds huruvida Sverige uppfyller kraven som ställs i det bakomliggande direktivet.

Slutsatserna blir att det går att fastställa relativt klart vilka ersättningsnivåer som ska gälla och vem som anses lida skada. Däremot är det svårare att bestämma när en skada anses uppkomma och vad som innefattas i medvållandeansvar samt vad som med beaktande av olika bakomliggande omständigheter bör innefattas i skadebegränsningsplikten. Eftersom Sverige inte valt att införa begränsningar i rätten till skadestånd, vilket är möjligt enligt direktivet, så är det tveksamt om det preventiva syftet uppfylls och om det är lämpligt att införa långtgående begränsningar med stöd av en princip. Min uppfattning är att ett klargörande bör ske, förslagsvis lagstiftningsvägen. Det hade ökat förutsebarheten och minskat den osäkerhet som för tillfället finns kring skadeståndsfunktionen. (Less)
Abstract
A contracting authority that hasn’t complied with the provisions of the Law of public procurement shall compensate the damage hence incurred to a supplier. The provision, which is based on a EU directive, is rather bland and its application is unclear. Principles for compensation levels have been developed through practice, but doubts concerning the conditions under which damages shall be compensated and whether the underlying aims of the directive is met in Swedish law remains.

Damages were reduced to zero in a court of appeal case since the supplier, that wasn’t awarded the contract, wasn’t considered to have taken reasonable care to mitigate the loss, because no application for review of the contract was filed within the prescribed... (More)
A contracting authority that hasn’t complied with the provisions of the Law of public procurement shall compensate the damage hence incurred to a supplier. The provision, which is based on a EU directive, is rather bland and its application is unclear. Principles for compensation levels have been developed through practice, but doubts concerning the conditions under which damages shall be compensated and whether the underlying aims of the directive is met in Swedish law remains.

Damages were reduced to zero in a court of appeal case since the supplier, that wasn’t awarded the contract, wasn’t considered to have taken reasonable care to mitigate the loss, because no application for review of the contract was filed within the prescribed time. Thus, the possibility of damages are made dependent on an application for review, which raises questions about the function of damages, and whether or not it complies with the directive’s preventative purpose to make use of the utilized limits stated in the court of appeal case.

A number of new rules were introduced in 2010 in the Law of public procurement, which primarily aims to prevent illegal direct award of contract. The possibility to review the validity of a contract is available since then, and it raises the question about how the damages are affected in situations where an illegal direct award of contract has occurred.

This work investigates the practical impact damages have today, especially regarding the relationship to review procedure as well as when an illegal direct award of contract has occurred. The thesis also deals with which compensation level should apply, who the party that has suffered damages is, at which time an injury occurs and how the obligation to limit the damage and contributory negligence liability may affect the possible compensation. It will also explore whether or not Sweden meets the requirements stipulated in the underlying directive.

The conclusions are that it is possible to relatively clear establish which compensation levels that should apply and who is considered to suffer damage. However, it is more difficult to determine at what point of time an injury occurs and what the contributory negligence liability includes. It is also difficult, with regard to various underlying factors, to determine what should be included in the obligation to limit the damage. Since Sweden has not chosen to impose restrictions on the right to compensation, which is possible under the directive, it is doubtful whether the preventive purpose is being fulfilled and if it is appropriate to impose stringent restrictions on the basis of a principle. My opinion is that a clarification should be made, preferably through legislation. It would increase the predictability and reduce the uncertainty that currently exists about the function of damages. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Skoglösa, Pernilla LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Damages in public procurement
course
JURM02 20112
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Skadeståndsrätt, offentlig upphandling, överprövning, överprövning av upphandling, överprövning av avtals giltighet, ersättningsnivå vid offentlig upphandling, syften med rättsmedelsdirektiven.
language
Swedish
id
2227038
date added to LUP
2012-02-15 09:16:07
date last changed
2012-02-15 09:16:07
@misc{2227038,
  abstract     = {{A contracting authority that hasn’t complied with the provisions of the Law of public procurement shall compensate the damage hence incurred to a supplier. The provision, which is based on a EU directive, is rather bland and its application is unclear. Principles for compensation levels have been developed through practice, but doubts concerning the conditions under which damages shall be compensated and whether the underlying aims of the directive is met in Swedish law remains.

Damages were reduced to zero in a court of appeal case since the supplier, that wasn’t awarded the contract, wasn’t considered to have taken reasonable care to mitigate the loss, because no application for review of the contract was filed within the prescribed time. Thus, the possibility of damages are made dependent on an application for review, which raises questions about the function of damages, and whether or not it complies with the directive’s preventative purpose to make use of the utilized limits stated in the court of appeal case.

A number of new rules were introduced in 2010 in the Law of public procurement, which primarily aims to prevent illegal direct award of contract. The possibility to review the validity of a contract is available since then, and it raises the question about how the damages are affected in situations where an illegal direct award of contract has occurred.

This work investigates the practical impact damages have today, especially regarding the relationship to review procedure as well as when an illegal direct award of contract has occurred. The thesis also deals with which compensation level should apply, who the party that has suffered damages is, at which time an injury occurs and how the obligation to limit the damage and contributory negligence liability may affect the possible compensation. It will also explore whether or not Sweden meets the requirements stipulated in the underlying directive.

The conclusions are that it is possible to relatively clear establish which compensation levels that should apply and who is considered to suffer damage. However, it is more difficult to determine at what point of time an injury occurs and what the contributory negligence liability includes. It is also difficult, with regard to various underlying factors, to determine what should be included in the obligation to limit the damage. Since Sweden has not chosen to impose restrictions on the right to compensation, which is possible under the directive, it is doubtful whether the preventive purpose is being fulfilled and if it is appropriate to impose stringent restrictions on the basis of a principle. My opinion is that a clarification should be made, preferably through legislation. It would increase the predictability and reduce the uncertainty that currently exists about the function of damages.}},
  author       = {{Skoglösa, Pernilla}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Skadeståndet vid offentlig upphandling}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}