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Jämställdhet genom lag eller avtal?

Eibertsson, Erika LU (2012) JURM02 20121
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen behandlar förhållandet mellan jämställdhetslagstiftningen och principen om arbetsmarknadsparternas självständighet, och förlängningen motsättningen mellan de båda styrsystemen politik och marknad. Över tid har jämställdhetslagstiftningens innehåll och omfattning skärpts i flera omgångar, vilket åtminstone principiellt sett har inskränkt parternas självständighet. Trots detta präglas lagstiftningen ur flera perspektiv av en betydande ineffektivitet; dels med avseende på att de problem som lagen adresserar, såsom löneskillnader mellan kvinnor och män, i princip varit oförändrade sedan lagens tillkomst, och dels med avseende på att lagen inte efterföljs i någon större utsträckning.
Utgångspunkten för uppsatsen är de överväganden... (More)
Uppsatsen behandlar förhållandet mellan jämställdhetslagstiftningen och principen om arbetsmarknadsparternas självständighet, och förlängningen motsättningen mellan de båda styrsystemen politik och marknad. Över tid har jämställdhetslagstiftningens innehåll och omfattning skärpts i flera omgångar, vilket åtminstone principiellt sett har inskränkt parternas självständighet. Trots detta präglas lagstiftningen ur flera perspektiv av en betydande ineffektivitet; dels med avseende på att de problem som lagen adresserar, såsom löneskillnader mellan kvinnor och män, i princip varit oförändrade sedan lagens tillkomst, och dels med avseende på att lagen inte efterföljs i någon större utsträckning.
Utgångspunkten för uppsatsen är de överväganden som kommer till uttryck i lagstiftningen och de ändringar i denna som har skett över tid. Mot denna bakgrund presenteras en analys av konflikten mellan de båda styrsystemen och några grundläggande orsaker till kollisionens uppkomst presenteras. Här behandlas bland annat ”den svenska modellen”, som genom sin dubbeltydiga innebörd får motstridiga effekter för jämställdhetslagstiftningens vidkommande. Principen om arbetsmarknadsparternas självständighet ställs här mot den omfattande välfärsstaten och dess styrningsoptimism, vilket avspeglas i jämställdhetslagstiftningens utformning.
Vidare diskuteras ur ett effektivitetsperspektiv de allmänna förutsättningarna för implementering av regler om jämställdhet via lagstiftning. Här behandlas både frågan om vad staten bör göra och vad staten kan göra. Frågan om vad staten bör göra i jämställdhetsfrågan är avhängig olika normativa teorier om statens funktion och dess omfattning. Vad staten kan göra i jämställdhetsfrågan avgörs i mångt och mycket av den politiska processen och de problem som den medför för lagstiftningens utformning.
Även frågan om vilka implementeringsmöjligheter som arbetsmarknadsparterna förfogar över behandlas. Under de år då jämställdhetslagstiftningens aktiva åtgärder var dispositiva uppvisade parterna en betydande passivitet. Vad parterna kan göra handlar således i stor utsträckning om vad parterna vill göra och vilken version av jämställdhet som man ansluter sig till.
Arbetsmarknaden kan sägas befinna sig någonstans mitt emellan politik och marknad, och därför diskuteras slutligen hur marknadsmekanismerna inverkar på möjligheterna att uppnå jämställdhet mellan könen. Här diskuteras främst om marknaden är den mekanism som de facto sätter lönerna, och om den därmed bör betraktas som ett objektivt sakförhållande eller ej. (Less)
Abstract
This essay concerns the relation between sex equality legislation and the independence of the labour market organisations. The relation can also be recognised as the opposition between the two steering systems politics and markets. Over the years the sex equality legislation has been sharpened several times, which has led to a limitation of the organisations’ independence – at least in a principle matter. Even so, the legislation still lacks in efficiency from more than one perspective; the unequalities that the law adresses, like unequal pay, has been consistent since the law was first established, and the rules of the law are only followed to some extent.
The starting point of the essay is the considerations as they are expressed in the... (More)
This essay concerns the relation between sex equality legislation and the independence of the labour market organisations. The relation can also be recognised as the opposition between the two steering systems politics and markets. Over the years the sex equality legislation has been sharpened several times, which has led to a limitation of the organisations’ independence – at least in a principle matter. Even so, the legislation still lacks in efficiency from more than one perspective; the unequalities that the law adresses, like unequal pay, has been consistent since the law was first established, and the rules of the law are only followed to some extent.
The starting point of the essay is the considerations as they are expressed in the governmental bills and the changes in those over time. In the light of that, an analysis over the conflict between the two steering systems and som basic causes for the collision is presented. The somewhat contradictory meaning of ”the swedish model” and how it is affecting the sex equality legislation is discussed here. The independence of the labour market organisations is put against the extensive welfare state with its optimistic view on steering possibilities.
Further on, the general possibilities for implementation of rules concerning sex equality by legislation is discussed from an efficiency perspective. Both the questions of what the state should do and what it can do is dealt with here. The answer to the question of what the state should do is determined by normative theories about the function of the state and its scope. What the state can do is to a great extent determined by the political process and the problems that comes with that.
Also, the labour market organisations’ own possibilities for implementing rules about sex equality is treated in the essay. During the years when the active measures of the legislation were optional, the labour market organisations showed little interest in pushing the development foreward. What the organisations can do is therefore mostly a question about what the organisations want to do.
The labour market can be said to be situated somewhere between politics and markets, and therefore I am finally discussing how the market mechanisms affecting the possibilities of sex equality. The discussion treats mostly the question whether the market is the actual mechanism that decides the wage or not, and if it should be regarded as an objective fact. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Eibertsson, Erika LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Gender equality through law or agreement?
course
JURM02 20121
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
language
Swedish
id
2595044
date added to LUP
2012-11-01 11:21:40
date last changed
2012-11-01 11:21:40
@misc{2595044,
  abstract     = {{This essay concerns the relation between sex equality legislation and the independence of the labour market organisations. The relation can also be recognised as the opposition between the two steering systems politics and markets. Over the years the sex equality legislation has been sharpened several times, which has led to a limitation of the organisations’ independence – at least in a principle matter. Even so, the legislation still lacks in efficiency from more than one perspective; the unequalities that the law adresses, like unequal pay, has been consistent since the law was first established, and the rules of the law are only followed to some extent.
The starting point of the essay is the considerations as they are expressed in the governmental bills and the changes in those over time. In the light of that, an analysis over the conflict between the two steering systems and som basic causes for the collision is presented. The somewhat contradictory meaning of ”the swedish model” and how it is affecting the sex equality legislation is discussed here. The independence of the labour market organisations is put against the extensive welfare state with its optimistic view on steering possibilities.
Further on, the general possibilities for implementation of rules concerning sex equality by legislation is discussed from an efficiency perspective. Both the questions of what the state should do and what it can do is dealt with here. The answer to the question of what the state should do is determined by normative theories about the function of the state and its scope. What the state can do is to a great extent determined by the political process and the problems that comes with that. 
Also, the labour market organisations’ own possibilities for implementing rules about sex equality is treated in the essay. During the years when the active measures of the legislation were optional, the labour market organisations showed little interest in pushing the development foreward. What the organisations can do is therefore mostly a question about what the organisations want to do. 
The labour market can be said to be situated somewhere between politics and markets, and therefore I am finally discussing how the market mechanisms affecting the possibilities of sex equality. The discussion treats mostly the question whether the market is the actual mechanism that decides the wage or not, and if it should be regarded as an objective fact.}},
  author       = {{Eibertsson, Erika}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Jämställdhet genom lag eller avtal?}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}