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Patentupplåtelser i uppdragsförhållanden - särskilt om tolkning av patentlicensavtal

Weitzberg, Rebecka LU (2012) JURM02 20122
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats syftar till att utreda gällande rätt kring patentupplåtelser i uppdragsförhållanden. Rätten till de uppfinningar som kommer till inom ett uppdragsförhållande är inte reglerat i lag utan regleras med hjälp av uppdragsavtal och upplåtelseavtal, huvudsakligen patentlicensavtal.

Patent har i dagens teknik- och innovationsorienterade samhälle fått ökad kommersiell betydelse och situationen när en uppfinning utförs på uppdrag av en uppdragstagare blir allt vanligare. Trots detta, finns varken lagstiftning eller vägledande domstolspraxis för dessa situationer.

När parterna är oeniga om upplåtelsens omfattning eller om det överhuvudtaget har skett en upplåtelse, krävs tolkning av avtalet. För immaterialrättsliga avtal är den... (More)
Denna uppsats syftar till att utreda gällande rätt kring patentupplåtelser i uppdragsförhållanden. Rätten till de uppfinningar som kommer till inom ett uppdragsförhållande är inte reglerat i lag utan regleras med hjälp av uppdragsavtal och upplåtelseavtal, huvudsakligen patentlicensavtal.

Patent har i dagens teknik- och innovationsorienterade samhälle fått ökad kommersiell betydelse och situationen när en uppfinning utförs på uppdrag av en uppdragstagare blir allt vanligare. Trots detta, finns varken lagstiftning eller vägledande domstolspraxis för dessa situationer.

När parterna är oeniga om upplåtelsens omfattning eller om det överhuvudtaget har skett en upplåtelse, krävs tolkning av avtalet. För immaterialrättsliga avtal är den allmänna uppfattningen att de ska tolkas med hjälp av strikt avtalstolkning. Det har också antagits att allmänna avtalsrättsliga principer är tillämpliga på immaterialrättsliga avtal.

Inom upphovsrätten har en särskild tolkningsprincip utformats, den s.k specifikationsprincipen. Principen innebär att de delar av upphovsrätten som inte enligt vad som framgår av avtalet har överlåtits eller upplåtits stannar kvar hos upphovsmannen. När osäkerhet finns om huruvida överlåtelse eller upplåtelse har skett ska det presumeras att upphovsrätten tillhör upphovsmannen. I uppdragsförhållandet innebär principen en stark presumtion för att upphovsrättigheter där inget annat avtalats stannar hos uppdragstagaren. Det har i litteraturen däremot framhållits att specifikationsprincipen inte utan vidare kan anses vara direkt tillämplig på patenträtten. Motivet har varit att upphovsmannens intressen har ett större skyddsvärde än uppfinnarens. Detta kan emellertid på goda grunder diskuteras, vilket jag också gör i uppsatsen.

Genom att granska lagtext, förarbeten, domstolspraxis och doktrin utifrån ett patenträttsligt perspektiv, samt genom analys av generella avtalsrättsliga principer och principer inom immaterialrätten har jag utrett vad som kan tillämpas för patenträttsliga upplåtelser.

Slutsatsen är att viss restriktiv tolkning också ska ske inom patenträtten, men att det fortfarande finns oklarheter kring rättsläget. Vilka avtalstolkningsprinciper som blir tillämpliga för patentlicensavtal i uppdragsförhållanden är inte fastställt i alla delar. Området behöver vidare utredning och klarläggande. (Less)
Abstract
In this thesis I aim to investigate the applicable law for patent licensing agreements in the relationship between a contractor and a contractee. A contractor’s right to his or her inventions is not governed by law. It is a matter the parties have to agree upon in a contract.

Patents have significant commercial importance today and situations where an invention is carried out on behalf of a contractee is becoming increasingly common. Despite this, there is no legislation or case law serving as guidance for these situations.

When the parties disagree on the extent or the existence of a license, interpretation of the agreement is required. For intellectual property agreements, the general opinion in the legal doctrine is that the... (More)
In this thesis I aim to investigate the applicable law for patent licensing agreements in the relationship between a contractor and a contractee. A contractor’s right to his or her inventions is not governed by law. It is a matter the parties have to agree upon in a contract.

Patents have significant commercial importance today and situations where an invention is carried out on behalf of a contractee is becoming increasingly common. Despite this, there is no legislation or case law serving as guidance for these situations.

When the parties disagree on the extent or the existence of a license, interpretation of the agreement is required. For intellectual property agreements, the general opinion in the legal doctrine is that the intepretation method should follow a strict contractual interpretation. It has also been assumed that the general principles of contract law are applicable to intellectual property agreements.

Regarding copyright law, a special principle of interpretation has been developed; the specification principle. The principle implies that a copyright is not transferred from the originator beyond the extent that is provided in the agreement. In situations where uncertainty regarding the existence of the license arise, it shall be presumed that the copyright belong to the originator.

In the relationship between a contractor and a contractee, applying the specification principle means a strong presumption for the copyright to remain with a contractor, if the parties have not agreed otherwise. It has been assumed in the legal literature that the specification principle can not simply apply directly as a method of interpreting patent law. The reason for this has been that the originator's interests have a greater protective value than the inventor. However, this can be reasonably discussed, as I do in this thesis.

By examining the legislative text, legislative histories, case law and doctrine from a patent law perspective, together with general principles of contract law and principles of intellectual property rights I have investigated what may be applied to patent law licenses.

The conclusion I have reached is that there is still uncertainty regarding the legal position. What principles for contractual interpretation that are applicable to patent licensing agreements in contractor situations has not been established in all parts. The field needs to be further investigated and clarified. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Weitzberg, Rebecka LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Patent license in contractor relationships - in particular interpretation of patent license agreement
course
JURM02 20122
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Immaterialrätt, Förmögenhetsrätt, Avtalsrätt
language
Swedish
id
3350594
date added to LUP
2013-01-28 13:06:22
date last changed
2013-01-28 13:06:22
@misc{3350594,
  abstract     = {{In this thesis I aim to investigate the applicable law for patent licensing agreements in the relationship between a contractor and a contractee. A contractor’s right to his or her inventions is not governed by law. It is a matter the parties have to agree upon in a contract.

Patents have significant commercial importance today and situations where an invention is carried out on behalf of a contractee is becoming increasingly common. Despite this, there is no legislation or case law serving as guidance for these situations.

When the parties disagree on the extent or the existence of a license, interpretation of the agreement is required. For intellectual property agreements, the general opinion in the legal doctrine is that the intepretation method should follow a strict contractual interpretation. It has also been assumed that the general principles of contract law are applicable to intellectual property agreements.

Regarding copyright law, a special principle of interpretation has been developed; the specification principle. The principle implies that a copyright is not transferred from the originator beyond the extent that is provided in the agreement. In situations where uncertainty regarding the existence of the license arise, it shall be presumed that the copyright belong to the originator. 

In the relationship between a contractor and a contractee, applying the specification principle means a strong presumption for the copyright to remain with a contractor, if the parties have not agreed otherwise. It has been assumed in the legal literature that the specification principle can not simply apply directly as a method of interpreting patent law. The reason for this has been that the originator's interests have a greater protective value than the inventor. However, this can be reasonably discussed, as I do in this thesis.

By examining the legislative text, legislative histories, case law and doctrine from a patent law perspective, together with general principles of contract law and principles of intellectual property rights I have investigated what may be applied to patent law licenses.

The conclusion I have reached is that there is still uncertainty regarding the legal position. What principles for contractual interpretation that are applicable to patent licensing agreements in contractor situations has not been established in all parts. The field needs to be further investigated and clarified.}},
  author       = {{Weitzberg, Rebecka}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Patentupplåtelser i uppdragsförhållanden - särskilt om tolkning av patentlicensavtal}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}