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Sexualbrottsoffer i domstolen - Om rättens föreställningar om våldtäktsoffer

Andersson, Sara LU (2013) LAGF03 20131
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den svenska sexualbrottslagstiftningen ska skydda från intrång i den kroppsliga integriteten och rättsskyddet ska inte vara beroende av brottsoffrets beteende eller motstånd. Rättsprocessen har dock inte alltid inneburit ett skydd från kränkande intrång i den personliga och sexuella integriteten för sexualbrottsoffer.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om rätten förhåller sig objektiv och opartisk i en process där material som visat sig sakna rättslig relevans tagits upp. Utifrån en analys av våldtäktsdomar från hovrätterna under år 2012 ska jag undersöka om den rättsliga bedömningen påverkas av fördomar och värderingar. Har detta i så fall inverkan på rättstillämpningen och hur brottsoffret framställs i processen. Vidare undersöks... (More)
Den svenska sexualbrottslagstiftningen ska skydda från intrång i den kroppsliga integriteten och rättsskyddet ska inte vara beroende av brottsoffrets beteende eller motstånd. Rättsprocessen har dock inte alltid inneburit ett skydd från kränkande intrång i den personliga och sexuella integriteten för sexualbrottsoffer.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om rätten förhåller sig objektiv och opartisk i en process där material som visat sig sakna rättslig relevans tagits upp. Utifrån en analys av våldtäktsdomar från hovrätterna under år 2012 ska jag undersöka om den rättsliga bedömningen påverkas av fördomar och värderingar. Har detta i så fall inverkan på rättstillämpningen och hur brottsoffret framställs i processen. Vidare undersöks om likabehandlingsprincipen efterlevs och vad domstolen kan göra för att undvika att bedömningen påverkas.
Parternas utsagor blir ofta avgörande för rättens bedömning i våldtäktsmål. För att stödja sina utsagor har båda parter en relativt obegränsad frihet att ta in vilka bevismedel de vill. Rätten måste därför kunna skilja ut fakta som är relevanta från fakta som inte är det. När domstolen värderar bevisning har det visat sig ha betydelse om offren varit berusade under övergreppen. Bevisning som i andra fall värderas stark kan då lämnas utan hänseende.
Rätten borde ta ett större ansvar för att frågor och bevis inte bara handlar om målsäganden utan även ger en bild av den tilltalade. Rätten utgår nämligen från att målsäganden samtyckt till den åtalade gärningen till dess hennes ovilja är bevisad. Detta påverkar rättstillämpningen på så sätt att tvångsrekvisitet i våldtäktsparagrafen blir beroende av kvinnans viljeuttryck. Samtidigt har det visat sig ge plats åt förlegade värderingar i rättens bedömning då kvinnors sexualitet ses som passiv och tillgänglig. (Less)
Abstract
The Swedish sex crime legislation shall protect against abuse of physical integrity and shall not be dependent on the victim's actions or resistance. Although the legal process hasn't always protected victims of sexual offenses from offensive abuse of individual and sexual integrity.
The aim of this paper is to determine if the judicial system stands objective and impartial in a process where the presented material has been shown to lack judicial relevance. Based on an analysis of rape sentences from the Court of Appeal during 2012 I will evaluate if the judicial assessment has been influenced by values and prejudices. If that is the case, what are the consequences for the application of the law and how the victim is presented in the... (More)
The Swedish sex crime legislation shall protect against abuse of physical integrity and shall not be dependent on the victim's actions or resistance. Although the legal process hasn't always protected victims of sexual offenses from offensive abuse of individual and sexual integrity.
The aim of this paper is to determine if the judicial system stands objective and impartial in a process where the presented material has been shown to lack judicial relevance. Based on an analysis of rape sentences from the Court of Appeal during 2012 I will evaluate if the judicial assessment has been influenced by values and prejudices. If that is the case, what are the consequences for the application of the law and how the victim is presented in the judicial process? Furthermore this report examines whether the principal of equal treatment has been maintained and what the courts can do to avoid their judgements being affected.
The party's testimony is often decisive in the courts judgement in sexual offense cases. In supporting of their statements, both prosecution and defence have a relatively unlimited freedom to present whatever evidence they choose. The court must therefore be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant facts. It has been determined that when a court evaluates evidence, whether or not the victim was under the influence of alcohol during the abuse, was given importance. In such cases, evidence that would otherwise have been considered important has been disregarded.
The court should take greater responsibility so that questions and evidence not only concentrate on the plaintiff, but to a larger degree create a picture of the defendant. The court presumes that the plaintiff consented to the accused act until her reluctant is proven. This influences the application of the law so that the necessary condition in rape clause depends on the woman's expressed intent. At the same time this has shown that outdated values are given relevance in the judging process while women's sexuality is looked upon as something passive and accessible. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Andersson, Sara LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20131
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Brottsoffer Rättssociologi Sexualbrott Straffprocessrätt Straffrätt Våldtäkt
language
Swedish
id
3800749
date added to LUP
2013-09-11 13:37:44
date last changed
2013-09-11 13:37:44
@misc{3800749,
  abstract     = {{The Swedish sex crime legislation shall protect against abuse of physical integrity and shall not be dependent on the victim's actions or resistance. Although the legal process hasn't always protected victims of sexual offenses from offensive abuse of individual and sexual integrity.
The aim of this paper is to determine if the judicial system stands objective and impartial in a process where the presented material has been shown to lack judicial relevance. Based on an analysis of rape sentences from the Court of Appeal during 2012 I will evaluate if the judicial assessment has been influenced by values and prejudices. If that is the case, what are the consequences for the application of the law and how the victim is presented in the judicial process? Furthermore this report examines whether the principal of equal treatment has been maintained and what the courts can do to avoid their judgements being affected.
The party's testimony is often decisive in the courts judgement in sexual offense cases. In supporting of their statements, both prosecution and defence have a relatively unlimited freedom to present whatever evidence they choose. The court must therefore be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant facts. It has been determined that when a court evaluates evidence, whether or not the victim was under the influence of alcohol during the abuse, was given importance. In such cases, evidence that would otherwise have been considered important has been disregarded.
The court should take greater responsibility so that questions and evidence not only concentrate on the plaintiff, but to a larger degree create a picture of the defendant. The court presumes that the plaintiff consented to the accused act until her reluctant is proven. This influences the application of the law so that the necessary condition in rape clause depends on the woman's expressed intent. At the same time this has shown that outdated values are given relevance in the judging process while women's sexuality is looked upon as something passive and accessible.}},
  author       = {{Andersson, Sara}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Sexualbrottsoffer i domstolen - Om rättens föreställningar om våldtäktsoffer}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}