Top-down och bottom-up resonemang i diagnostiska sammanhang
(2014) PSYK01 20132Department of Psychology
- Abstract
- The purpose of this study, divided into two parts, was to research and review on how nosological methods are used and can be developed in a clinical environment. A survey was performed, where 26 students that have completed a course in psychiatric diagnostics answered true or false statements about the presence of specific symptoms and their logical connection in three selected diagnoses from ICD-10. The study found large variations between respondents in the percentage number of symptom statements answered wrong, and the statements concerning logic. Partly, the large variation can be attributed to the use of top-down reasoning in the diagnostic process, and the validity of which can be affected by belief bias, strain on working memory,... (More)
- The purpose of this study, divided into two parts, was to research and review on how nosological methods are used and can be developed in a clinical environment. A survey was performed, where 26 students that have completed a course in psychiatric diagnostics answered true or false statements about the presence of specific symptoms and their logical connection in three selected diagnoses from ICD-10. The study found large variations between respondents in the percentage number of symptom statements answered wrong, and the statements concerning logic. Partly, the large variation can be attributed to the use of top-down reasoning in the diagnostic process, and the validity of which can be affected by belief bias, strain on working memory, and availability and representativeness heuristics. The study is followed up by a theoretical hypothesis which focuses on bottom-up reasoning as an alternative approach to diagnostics, and the presentation of fuzzy logic algorithms for 186 different diagnoses as presented by ICD-10. Whilst this kind of bottom-up approach cannot fully replace top-down reasoning, there is a possibility that bottom-up reasoning and fuzzy logic algorithms can be used as a guideline in psychiatric evaluations to increase inter-judgment reliability. (Less)
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Syftet med denna uppsats var att via en studie undersöka hur nosologi används i diagnostiska sammanhang, och teorisera om hur denna process kan utvecklas. Studien undersökte individers korrekthet i bedömningen av från-eller närvaron av symtom i ICD-10, samt deras logiska förhållande. 26 respondenter som under sin utbildningstid avslutat en kurs i psykiatrisk diagnostik genomförde en enkätundersökning, där de fick läsa om tre utvalda diagnoser från ICD-10 och sedan svara på påståenden som var sanna eller falska. En stor variation fanns i antalet felaktiga svar för när-eller frånvaron av symtom, samt för deras logiska samband. Denna variation kan åtminstone delvis attribueras till top-down resonemang, vars validitet kan begränsas av belief... (More)
- Syftet med denna uppsats var att via en studie undersöka hur nosologi används i diagnostiska sammanhang, och teorisera om hur denna process kan utvecklas. Studien undersökte individers korrekthet i bedömningen av från-eller närvaron av symtom i ICD-10, samt deras logiska förhållande. 26 respondenter som under sin utbildningstid avslutat en kurs i psykiatrisk diagnostik genomförde en enkätundersökning, där de fick läsa om tre utvalda diagnoser från ICD-10 och sedan svara på påståenden som var sanna eller falska. En stor variation fanns i antalet felaktiga svar för när-eller frånvaron av symtom, samt för deras logiska samband. Denna variation kan åtminstone delvis attribueras till top-down resonemang, vars validitet kan begränsas av belief bias, hög belastning och begränsningar i arbetsminnet, samt tillgänglighets- och representationsheuristik. I den efterföljande teoretiska analysen föreslås bottom-up resonemang som en alternativ approach till diagnostisering, och presenterar därigenom fuzzy logic-algoritmer för 186 diagnoser enligt ICD-10 som kan användas till att skapa ett grafiskt hjälpmedel för diagnostisering. Medan en bottom-up approach antagligen inte kan ersätta top-down resonemang, finns det möjlighet att bottom-up resonemang och algoritmer baserade på fuzzy logic kan användas som en riktlinje för att skapa valida, interbedömarreliabla diagnoser inom psykiatrisk vård. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4437527
- author
- Claréus, Benjamin LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Top-down and bottom-up reasoning in the diagnostic process
- course
- PSYK01 20132
- year
- 2014
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Nosologi, nosology, top-down, bottom-up, ICD-10, algoritm, algorithm, fuzzy logic, diagnostics, diagnostisering, belief bias, tillgänglighetsheuristik, availability heurstics, representationsheuristik, representativeness heuristic, arbetsminne, working memory
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 4437527
- date added to LUP
- 2014-05-16 15:41:15
- date last changed
- 2014-05-16 15:41:15
@misc{4437527, abstract = {{The purpose of this study, divided into two parts, was to research and review on how nosological methods are used and can be developed in a clinical environment. A survey was performed, where 26 students that have completed a course in psychiatric diagnostics answered true or false statements about the presence of specific symptoms and their logical connection in three selected diagnoses from ICD-10. The study found large variations between respondents in the percentage number of symptom statements answered wrong, and the statements concerning logic. Partly, the large variation can be attributed to the use of top-down reasoning in the diagnostic process, and the validity of which can be affected by belief bias, strain on working memory, and availability and representativeness heuristics. The study is followed up by a theoretical hypothesis which focuses on bottom-up reasoning as an alternative approach to diagnostics, and the presentation of fuzzy logic algorithms for 186 different diagnoses as presented by ICD-10. Whilst this kind of bottom-up approach cannot fully replace top-down reasoning, there is a possibility that bottom-up reasoning and fuzzy logic algorithms can be used as a guideline in psychiatric evaluations to increase inter-judgment reliability.}}, author = {{Claréus, Benjamin}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Top-down och bottom-up resonemang i diagnostiska sammanhang}}, year = {{2014}}, }