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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Problematiken kring räntesnurror - En kritisk granskning av ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna

Jansson, Jenny LU (2014) LAGF03 20141
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Problematiken kring räntesnurror uppmärksammades första gången på 1990-talet i det så kallade Mobil-Oilfallet. Vid denna tid var begreppet räntesnurror ännu inte myntat och Skatteverket hade inte insett att skatteplaneringsförfarandet kunde komma att årligen undandra staten flera miljarder kronor i skattepengar. Problemet låg i den obegränsade ränteavdragsrätten i 16 kap. 1 § IL som gjorde att koncerner kunde slussa ut vinster från svenska företag till bolag etablerade i skatteparadis, alternativt till svenska kommunalägda bolag som är skattebefriade.

Efter ytterligare tre uppmärksammade domar under början av 2000-talet insåg regeringen att den obegränsade ränteavdragsrätten krävde en inskränkning för att den svenska skattebasen skulle... (More)
Problematiken kring räntesnurror uppmärksammades första gången på 1990-talet i det så kallade Mobil-Oilfallet. Vid denna tid var begreppet räntesnurror ännu inte myntat och Skatteverket hade inte insett att skatteplaneringsförfarandet kunde komma att årligen undandra staten flera miljarder kronor i skattepengar. Problemet låg i den obegränsade ränteavdragsrätten i 16 kap. 1 § IL som gjorde att koncerner kunde slussa ut vinster från svenska företag till bolag etablerade i skatteparadis, alternativt till svenska kommunalägda bolag som är skattebefriade.

Efter ytterligare tre uppmärksammade domar under början av 2000-talet insåg regeringen att den obegränsade ränteavdragsrätten krävde en inskränkning för att den svenska skattebasen skulle kunna skyddas från erosion. HFD fastställde nämligen att varken den av Skatteverket åberopade korrigeringsregeln eller SkflL var tillämplig på förfarandena.

Lagstiftningsarbetet sattes igång och den första versionen av ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna kom 1 januari 2009. Reglerna hindrade ränteavdrag för lånekostnader baserade på försäljning av delägarrätter inom en koncern. Reglerna hade i förarbetena utsatts för hård kritik från remissinstanserna och det insågs ganska snabbt efter reglernas ikraftträdande att de inte var helt optimala. Företagsskattekommittén tillsattes för att utreda hur reglerna skulle kunna förbättras, men när regeringen insåg att skatteplaneringsförfarandet kostade staten så pass många miljarder kronor per år ville man inte invänta kommitténs förslag utan införde en utvidgning av reglerna 1 januari 2013 i form av att låta alla koncerninterna lån omfattas av ränteavdragsförbudet. Något som skedde trots att även detta förslag utsatts för massiv kritik från remissinstanserna med utgångspunkt i att reglerna var alldeles för otydliga, inte kom åt alla typer av räntesnurror samt träffade för många affärsmässiga transaktioner.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att redogöra för nuvarande ränteavdragsbegränsningsregler samt förklara hur och varför reglerna kom till. Med tanke på all den kritik som framförts mot lagstiftningen ska jag ta reda på om dagens reglering av räntesnurror verkligen uppnår sitt syfte att skydda den svenska skattebasen. Jag ska också utreda om reglerna möjligen strider mot gällande rätt i förhållande till EU-rätten samt den skatterättsliga legalitetsprincipen.

Enligt min analys kan jag konstatera att dagens reglering inte lever upp till sitt syfte med tanke på att det fortfarande går att kringgå reglerna genom användning av externa skuldförhållanden. I min granskning av EU-rätten gör jag gällande att reglerna troligen strider mot antingen den fria etableringsfriheten, den fria rörligheten av kapital eller ränte- och royaltydirektivet. Till sist konstaterar jag även att reglerna ställer till svårigheter i sin förenlighet med legalitetsprincipen. Bestämmelsernas alldeles för vaga utformning med svårtolkade rekvisit äventyrar onekligen förutsebarheten, som i sin tur riskerar att åsidosätta rättsäkerheten. Min slutsats utmynnar i att dagens reglering kräver en rejäl omarbetning dels för att uppnå sitt syfte, dels för att inte strida mot gällande rätt. (Less)
Abstract
The problem of interest turbines (Swedish: räntesnurror) was first recognized in the 1990s in the so-called Mobile Oil case. At this time, the concept of interest turbines was not yet coined and the Swedish Tax Authority had not realized that this kind of tax planning procedure could cost the state several billion crowns in tax money. The problem consisted in the unlimited interest deduction in chapter 16 article 1 Swedish Income Tax Law (Swedish: inkomstskattelagen) that made it possible for corporations to channel profits from Swedish companies to companies established in tax havens, or channel it to Swedish municipality-owned companies which are tax exempt.

After another three recognized judgments in the early 2000s, the government... (More)
The problem of interest turbines (Swedish: räntesnurror) was first recognized in the 1990s in the so-called Mobile Oil case. At this time, the concept of interest turbines was not yet coined and the Swedish Tax Authority had not realized that this kind of tax planning procedure could cost the state several billion crowns in tax money. The problem consisted in the unlimited interest deduction in chapter 16 article 1 Swedish Income Tax Law (Swedish: inkomstskattelagen) that made it possible for corporations to channel profits from Swedish companies to companies established in tax havens, or channel it to Swedish municipality-owned companies which are tax exempt.

After another three recognized judgments in the early 2000s, the government realized that the unlimited interest deduction required a restriction so that the Swedish tax base is protected from erosion. Neither the correction rule (Swedish: korrigeringsregeln) or the Tax Evasion Act (Swedish: Skatteflyktslagen) was applicable to the proceedings according to the Supreme Administrative Court, which was what the Swedish Tax Authority had relied.

The legislative procedure started and the first version of the interest deduction limitation rules came on January 1st, 2009. The rules prevented the interest deduction for loan costs based on sales of shares within a corporate group. The rules had been subject to harsh criticism from the consultation bodies in the motives and it was realized soon after the entry into force of the rules that they were not quite optimal. A Corporate Taxation Committee was set up to investigate how the rules could be improved. However when the government realized that the tax planning procedure cost the state many billion crowns per year, it did not await the committee's proposal but introduced an extension of the rules on January 1st, 2013. The rules were extended to make all intercompany loans subject to interest deduction ban. This decision was taken despite the fact that this proposal as well had been subject to massive criticism from the consultation bodies on the basis that the rules were too vague, did not stop all types of interest turbines and affected too many business motivated transactions.

The purpose of this study is to describe the current interest deduction limitation rules, and explain why the legislation looks the way is does today. Considering all the criticism raised against the legislation it is my aim to find out whether the current regulation of interest turbines actually achieves its purpose of protecting the Swedish tax base. I am also going to investigate whether the rules contravene the legislation in force in relation to EU law and the tax law principle of legality.

In my analysis I discovered that the current regulation does not live up to its aim given that it is still possible to bypass the rules through the use of external debt ratios. Concerning EU law, the rules probably contravene either the freedom of establishment, the free movement of capital or the interest and royalty directive. Lastly, I have also noticed that the rules submit to difficulties in their compliance with the principle of legality. The problem is that the rules have too many obscure necessary prerequisite that undeniably jeopardize its predictability and risk the rule of law. In conclusion the current regulation requires a major revision to achieve its purpose and not contravene applicable law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Jansson, Jenny LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20141
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
skatterätt, räntesnurror, ränteavdragsbegränsningsregler
language
Swedish
id
4449757
date added to LUP
2014-06-22 13:21:48
date last changed
2014-06-22 13:21:48
@misc{4449757,
  abstract     = {{The problem of interest turbines (Swedish: räntesnurror) was first recognized in the 1990s in the so-called Mobile Oil case. At this time, the concept of interest turbines was not yet coined and the Swedish Tax Authority had not realized that this kind of tax planning procedure could cost the state several billion crowns in tax money. The problem consisted in the unlimited interest deduction in chapter 16 article 1 Swedish Income Tax Law (Swedish: inkomstskattelagen) that made it possible for corporations to channel profits from Swedish companies to companies established in tax havens, or channel it to Swedish municipality-owned companies which are tax exempt.

After another three recognized judgments in the early 2000s, the government realized that the unlimited interest deduction required a restriction so that the Swedish tax base is protected from erosion. Neither the correction rule (Swedish: korrigeringsregeln) or the Tax Evasion Act (Swedish: Skatteflyktslagen) was applicable to the proceedings according to the Supreme Administrative Court, which was what the Swedish Tax Authority had relied.

The legislative procedure started and the first version of the interest deduction limitation rules came on January 1st, 2009. The rules prevented the interest deduction for loan costs based on sales of shares within a corporate group. The rules had been subject to harsh criticism from the consultation bodies in the motives and it was realized soon after the entry into force of the rules that they were not quite optimal. A Corporate Taxation Committee was set up to investigate how the rules could be improved. However when the government realized that the tax planning procedure cost the state many billion crowns per year, it did not await the committee's proposal but introduced an extension of the rules on January 1st, 2013. The rules were extended to make all intercompany loans subject to interest deduction ban. This decision was taken despite the fact that this proposal as well had been subject to massive criticism from the consultation bodies on the basis that the rules were too vague, did not stop all types of interest turbines and affected too many business motivated transactions.

The purpose of this study is to describe the current interest deduction limitation rules, and explain why the legislation looks the way is does today. Considering all the criticism raised against the legislation it is my aim to find out whether the current regulation of interest turbines actually achieves its purpose of protecting the Swedish tax base. I am also going to investigate whether the rules contravene the legislation in force in relation to EU law and the tax law principle of legality.

In my analysis I discovered that the current regulation does not live up to its aim given that it is still possible to bypass the rules through the use of external debt ratios. Concerning EU law, the rules probably contravene either the freedom of establishment, the free movement of capital or the interest and royalty directive. Lastly, I have also noticed that the rules submit to difficulties in their compliance with the principle of legality. The problem is that the rules have too many obscure necessary prerequisite that undeniably jeopardize its predictability and risk the rule of law. In conclusion the current regulation requires a major revision to achieve its purpose and not contravene applicable law.}},
  author       = {{Jansson, Jenny}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Problematiken kring räntesnurror - En kritisk granskning av ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}