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Oförbindande förvaltningsbesluts överklagbarhet

Söderholm, Axel LU (2014) LAGF03 20141
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Under de senaste decennierna har Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen i ett flertal rättsfall konfronterats med frågan huruvida oförbindande förvaltningsbeslut, d.v.s. beslut som inte är verkställbara och inte bindande (utan positiv rättskraft) för framtida beslut, kan överklagas. Dessa förvaltningsbeslut har ofta involverat uppmaningar från myndigheter till enskilda att företa vissa handlingar eller avstå från att företa vissa handlingar, vilket resulterat i att de enskilda känt sig tvingade att efterleva besluten trots att besluten saknat ovannämnda rättsverkningar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att fastställa i vilken utsträckning oförbindande förvaltningsbeslut (som innefattar en uppmaning till en enskild att handla eller inte handla på ett... (More)
Under de senaste decennierna har Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen i ett flertal rättsfall konfronterats med frågan huruvida oförbindande förvaltningsbeslut, d.v.s. beslut som inte är verkställbara och inte bindande (utan positiv rättskraft) för framtida beslut, kan överklagas. Dessa förvaltningsbeslut har ofta involverat uppmaningar från myndigheter till enskilda att företa vissa handlingar eller avstå från att företa vissa handlingar, vilket resulterat i att de enskilda känt sig tvingade att efterleva besluten trots att besluten saknat ovannämnda rättsverkningar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att fastställa i vilken utsträckning oförbindande förvaltningsbeslut (som innefattar en uppmaning till en enskild att handla eller inte handla på ett visst sätt) kan överklagas, enligt svensk rätt, när frågan inte har lösts i en särskild författningsbestämmelse. Dessutom är syftet att analysera om det rådande rättsläget i detta avseende är tillfredsställande med hänsyn till intresseavvägningen mellan den enskildes rättsskydd och myndigheternas effektivitet.

Det är de faktiska verkningar som ett oförbindande förvaltningsbeslut är ägnat att få, avseende någons personliga eller ekonomiska förhållanden, som avgör om det får överklagas. Slutliga beslut som utgör förelägganden som tills vidare inte har förenats med rättsliga tvångsmedel (såsom vite), men som enligt lag kan verkställas med sådana medel, anses i allmänhet vara ägnade att få sådana faktiska verkningar att de får överklagas. Även råd och anvisningar som p.g.a. hur de har formulerats kan komma att uppfattas som bindande beslut kan överklagas, men det blir inte fråga om en fullständig sakprövning. Den enda fråga som prövas är om myndigheten har överskridit sin kompetens, och om detta anses vara fallet undanröjs beslutet. Förelägganden, som inte har förenats med rättsliga tvångsmedel, på beredningsstadiet och förhandsbesked, som innefattar en uppmaning till en enskild att handla eller inte handla på ett visst sätt för att få till stånd ett visst beslut i framtiden och som saknar positiv rättskraft, är generellt sett inte överklagbara.

I fråga om slutliga beslut är intresseavvägningen mellan den enskildes rättsskydd och myndigheternas effektivitet i stort sett tillfredsställande. Som ett resultat av prejudikatet i RÅ 2007 ref. 7 tycks möjligheten att överklaga oförbindande förhandsbesked och oförbindande beredningsbeslut ha ökat väsentligt, vilket i betydande utsträckning kan underminera myndigheternas effektivitet. De eventuella fördelar som detta kan väntas medföra gällande den enskildes rättsskydd förefaller inte uppväga nackdelarna i effektivitetshänseende. (Less)
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden has in several cases been confronted with the question of whether non-binding administrative decisions, i.e. decisions that are not enforceable and not binding (without collateral estoppel effect) with regard to future decisions, are subject to appeal. These administrative decisions have often involved authorities urging individuals to do something or abstain from doing something, resulting in that the individuals have felt obliged to comply with the decisions, despite the fact that the decisions have lacked the above-mentioned legal effects. The purpose of this essay is to determine to what extent non-binding administrative decisions (that include an exhortation to an... (More)
Over the last few decades, the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden has in several cases been confronted with the question of whether non-binding administrative decisions, i.e. decisions that are not enforceable and not binding (without collateral estoppel effect) with regard to future decisions, are subject to appeal. These administrative decisions have often involved authorities urging individuals to do something or abstain from doing something, resulting in that the individuals have felt obliged to comply with the decisions, despite the fact that the decisions have lacked the above-mentioned legal effects. The purpose of this essay is to determine to what extent non-binding administrative decisions (that include an exhortation to an individual to act or not to act in a certain way) can be appealed against in Swedish law, when particular legislation does not provide an answer. Furthermore, the purpose is to analyse whether Swedish law in this respect is satisfactory concerning the balance between the legal protection of the individual and the efficiency of the authorities.

It is the actual effects that a non-binding administrative decision is calculated to have, concerning someone’s personal or financial circumstances, that determine if it may be appealed against. Final decisions that are injunctions that for the time being have not been combined with any legal means of compulsion (such as a fine), but according to law could be enforced by such means, are generally considered to be calculated to have such actual effects that they may be appealed against. Also advice and instructions that because of how they have been worded could be perceived as binding decisions, are subject to appeal, but the matter will not be considered in its entirety. The only question that will be considered is whether the authority has exceeded its powers, and if that is regarded to be the case the decision will be rescinded. Injunctions, that have not been combined with any legal means of compulsion, at the planning stage of a matter and advance notifications, that include an exhortation to an individual to act or not to act in a certain way in order to bring about a certain decision in the future and that do not have collateral estoppel effect, are in general not subject to appeal.

When it comes to final decisions, the balance between the legal protection of the individual and the efficiency of the authorities is generally satisfactory. Because of the precedent established in RÅ 2007 ref. 7, the possibility of appealing against non-binding advance notifications and non-binding decisions at the planning stage of a matter seems to have increased considerably, which to a significant extent could undermine the efficiency of the authorities. The possible advantages that could be expected from this regarding the legal protection of the individual, do not appear to outweigh the disadvantages as regards efficiency. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Söderholm, Axel LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20141
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
förvaltningsbeslut, förvaltningsprocessrätt, förvaltningsrätt, överklagbarhet
language
Swedish
id
4449868
date added to LUP
2014-06-22 13:27:20
date last changed
2014-06-22 13:27:20
@misc{4449868,
  abstract     = {{Over the last few decades, the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden has in several cases been confronted with the question of whether non-binding administrative decisions, i.e. decisions that are not enforceable and not binding (without collateral estoppel effect) with regard to future decisions, are subject to appeal. These administrative decisions have often involved authorities urging individuals to do something or abstain from doing something, resulting in that the individuals have felt obliged to comply with the decisions, despite the fact that the decisions have lacked the above-mentioned legal effects. The purpose of this essay is to determine to what extent non-binding administrative decisions (that include an exhortation to an individual to act or not to act in a certain way) can be appealed against in Swedish law, when particular legislation does not provide an answer. Furthermore, the purpose is to analyse whether Swedish law in this respect is satisfactory concerning the balance between the legal protection of the individual and the efficiency of the authorities.

It is the actual effects that a non-binding administrative decision is calculated to have, concerning someone’s personal or financial circumstances, that determine if it may be appealed against. Final decisions that are injunctions that for the time being have not been combined with any legal means of compulsion (such as a fine), but according to law could be enforced by such means, are generally considered to be calculated to have such actual effects that they may be appealed against. Also advice and instructions that because of how they have been worded could be perceived as binding decisions, are subject to appeal, but the matter will not be considered in its entirety. The only question that will be considered is whether the authority has exceeded its powers, and if that is regarded to be the case the decision will be rescinded. Injunctions, that have not been combined with any legal means of compulsion, at the planning stage of a matter and advance notifications, that include an exhortation to an individual to act or not to act in a certain way in order to bring about a certain decision in the future and that do not have collateral estoppel effect, are in general not subject to appeal. 

When it comes to final decisions, the balance between the legal protection of the individual and the efficiency of the authorities is generally satisfactory. Because of the precedent established in RÅ 2007 ref. 7, the possibility of appealing against non-binding advance notifications and non-binding decisions at the planning stage of a matter seems to have increased considerably, which to a significant extent could undermine the efficiency of the authorities. The possible advantages that could be expected from this regarding the legal protection of the individual, do not appear to outweigh the disadvantages as regards efficiency.}},
  author       = {{Söderholm, Axel}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Oförbindande förvaltningsbesluts överklagbarhet}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}