Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Management Fee – koncernintern fakturering av ledningskostnader ur ett skatterättsligt perspektiv

Zenk, Fredrik LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract
Management Fee, the billing of Management costs within an organization, is a part of the Transfer Pricing doctrine. Transfer Pricing has grown to become one of the most important parts of the global trade in the world today. One of the main principles regarding Transfer Pricing is the arm’s lengths principle and it is present through all major documents of the area. The main idea behind the arm’s lengths principle is to make companies within the same organization behave like companies without a relationship and negotiate a Transfer Price as close to a market price as possible. The Swedish version of the arm’s length principle is found in Inkomstskattelagen and its 14th chapter 19th§. It works as a rule of correction with which a incorrect... (More)
Management Fee, the billing of Management costs within an organization, is a part of the Transfer Pricing doctrine. Transfer Pricing has grown to become one of the most important parts of the global trade in the world today. One of the main principles regarding Transfer Pricing is the arm’s lengths principle and it is present through all major documents of the area. The main idea behind the arm’s lengths principle is to make companies within the same organization behave like companies without a relationship and negotiate a Transfer Price as close to a market price as possible. The Swedish version of the arm’s length principle is found in Inkomstskattelagen and its 14th chapter 19th§. It works as a rule of correction with which a incorrect Transfer Pricing can be corrected.

This thesis takes a broad approach at Management Fee to fulfil the purpose of the thesis, which is to analyse the taxation of Management Fee from a number of important taxation principles. This thesis doesn’t have an international comparison due to length limitations.

The Transfer Pricing area is characterized by its lack of laws and precedent cases. Because of this, the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines has become the most important document regarding this area. This document covers most topics regarding the Transfer Pricing area, Management Fee though is notably absent from this document. The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines has a strong position in Sweden due to a comment in a case known as the Shell case (RÅ 1991 ref. 107). Since this case the Swedish taxation agency has given this document an unreasonable high status. This is shown in the taxation tutorial released by the taxation agency, where the chapter regarding Transfer Pricing is a translation of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. In my thesis I criticize the Swedish taxation agency for this behaviour. In my opinion there has to be a law regarding taxation matters, elevating a document made by a non-governmental organization to law-status is a dangerous way of not dealing with a problem. It also goes against Swedish regulatory powers and rules. In the thesis I also discuss the similarities and differences between Management Fee and shareholder costs where Management Fee is a billable cost and shareholder costs are unbillable. The differences between these two costs are very small in some ways, which I also discuss at length in this thesis.

Finally I want to point out that most Swedish and international authorities and organizations allow billing of Management Fee to subsidiaries, making the legal position in this matter clear. I conclude the thesis by suggesting a comprehensive investigation into Transfer Pricing in Swedish context with the goal being a new chapter covering the area in Inkomstskattelagen. This mostly because the entire Swedish Transfer Pricing doctrine is built up around two paragraphs and the dependence on OECD. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Management Fee, alltså betalning för intern koncernledning, är ett begrepp inom Transfer Pricing-området. Transfer Pricing är det engelska namnet på internprissättning. Detta ämnesområde har fått en allt större betydelse i dagens allt mer internationella värld och stora delar av världshandeln sker numera inom koncerner. Ämnets huvudregel är armlängdsprincipen vilken genomsyrar det regelverk som finns. Armlängdsprincipen går ut på att företag i intressegemenskap ska handla som företag som inte är i intressegemenskap. Den svenska varianten av denna regel återfinns i inkomstskattelagens 14 kap. 19§ och brukar kallas korrigeringsregeln, detta eftersom den möjliggör korrigering av felaktigt prissatta transaktioner i efterhand.

Uppsatsen tar... (More)
Management Fee, alltså betalning för intern koncernledning, är ett begrepp inom Transfer Pricing-området. Transfer Pricing är det engelska namnet på internprissättning. Detta ämnesområde har fått en allt större betydelse i dagens allt mer internationella värld och stora delar av världshandeln sker numera inom koncerner. Ämnets huvudregel är armlängdsprincipen vilken genomsyrar det regelverk som finns. Armlängdsprincipen går ut på att företag i intressegemenskap ska handla som företag som inte är i intressegemenskap. Den svenska varianten av denna regel återfinns i inkomstskattelagens 14 kap. 19§ och brukar kallas korrigeringsregeln, detta eftersom den möjliggör korrigering av felaktigt prissatta transaktioner i efterhand.

Uppsatsen tar ett brett grepp på Management Fee för att uppfylla syftet, vilket primärt är att analysera beskattningen av Management Fee utifrån ett antal viktiga skatterättsliga principer. Uppsatsen innehåller ingen internationell jämförelse, något som hade tillfört djup om uppsatsens längd hade tillåtit detta.

Området kännetecknas av en brist på praxis och lagstiftning, det mest auktoritära verket är istället OECD:s Transfer Pricing Guidelines. Detta verk berör de flesta frågeställningar som aktualiseras på Transfer Pricing-området. Dessvärre har Management Fee fallit lite mellan stolarna och begreppet berörs inte explicit i dokumentet. I Sverige har detta dokument en stark ställning efter ett uttalande från HFD i det omfattande Shellmålet (RÅ 1991 ref. 107). Skatteverket har efter detta gett verket allt för stort inflytande genom att i sin beskattningshandledning översätta dokumentet rakt av i sitt avsnitt om Transfer Pricing. I uppsatsen kritiserar jag detta, att ge ett dokument med rekommendationer från en intresseorganisation allt för stort inflytande anser jag vara farligt, det strider dessutom mot normgivningsmakten. I uppsatsen för jag dessutom ett resonemang rörande förhållandet mellan aktieägartjänster, kostnaderna för dessa ska bäras av moderbolaget, och Management Fee, som får faktureras till dotterbolag. I många fall är det en hårfin skillnad och jag anser att det går att ifrågasätta Management Fee ur denna synvinkel.

I övrigt kan konstateras att fakturering av Management Fee tillåts av Skatteverket, OECD, HFD med flera. Rättsläget är i detta avseende klart. Jag avslutar dock uppsatsen med att efterlysa en utredning av hela Transfer Pricing-området av lagstiftaren. Syftet med en utredning ska vara att skapa ett Transfer Pricing kapitel i IL. Detta eftersom dagens regelverk dels är uppbyggt kring två paragrafer och dels tillämpas OECD:s rapport i en allt för stor utsträckning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Zenk, Fredrik LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Management Fee - billing of Management costs within an organization from a taxation perspective
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
korrigeringsregeln, internprissättning, management fee, Transfer Pricing, skatterätt
language
Swedish
id
4450258
date added to LUP
2014-06-12 09:04:26
date last changed
2014-06-12 09:04:26
@misc{4450258,
  abstract     = {{Management Fee, the billing of Management costs within an organization, is a part of the Transfer Pricing doctrine. Transfer Pricing has grown to become one of the most important parts of the global trade in the world today. One of the main principles regarding Transfer Pricing is the arm’s lengths principle and it is present through all major documents of the area. The main idea behind the arm’s lengths principle is to make companies within the same organization behave like companies without a relationship and negotiate a Transfer Price as close to a market price as possible. The Swedish version of the arm’s length principle is found in Inkomstskattelagen and its 14th chapter 19th§. It works as a rule of correction with which a incorrect Transfer Pricing can be corrected. 

This thesis takes a broad approach at Management Fee to fulfil the purpose of the thesis, which is to analyse the taxation of Management Fee from a number of important taxation principles. This thesis doesn’t have an international comparison due to length limitations. 

The Transfer Pricing area is characterized by its lack of laws and precedent cases. Because of this, the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines has become the most important document regarding this area. This document covers most topics regarding the Transfer Pricing area, Management Fee though is notably absent from this document. The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines has a strong position in Sweden due to a comment in a case known as the Shell case (RÅ 1991 ref. 107). Since this case the Swedish taxation agency has given this document an unreasonable high status. This is shown in the taxation tutorial released by the taxation agency, where the chapter regarding Transfer Pricing is a translation of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. In my thesis I criticize the Swedish taxation agency for this behaviour. In my opinion there has to be a law regarding taxation matters, elevating a document made by a non-governmental organization to law-status is a dangerous way of not dealing with a problem. It also goes against Swedish regulatory powers and rules. In the thesis I also discuss the similarities and differences between Management Fee and shareholder costs where Management Fee is a billable cost and shareholder costs are unbillable. The differences between these two costs are very small in some ways, which I also discuss at length in this thesis.

Finally I want to point out that most Swedish and international authorities and organizations allow billing of Management Fee to subsidiaries, making the legal position in this matter clear. I conclude the thesis by suggesting a comprehensive investigation into Transfer Pricing in Swedish context with the goal being a new chapter covering the area in Inkomstskattelagen. This mostly because the entire Swedish Transfer Pricing doctrine is built up around two paragraphs and the dependence on OECD.}},
  author       = {{Zenk, Fredrik}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Management Fee – koncernintern fakturering av ledningskostnader ur ett skatterättsligt perspektiv}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}