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Ungdomar med psykosociala problem En studie om gränsdragningen mellan LPT och LVU

Johannesson, Heidi LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to investigate the distinction between the coercive laws LPT (Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act (1992:1128)) and LVU (Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52)) in order to see to what extent the current regulations provide comprehensive protection for young people with mental health difficulties. What is considered "serious mental disorder" (3 § LPT), and "socially destructive behaviour" (3 § LVU) will be investigated in this paper with a traditional jurisprudential method. In order to take a closer look on how the administrative courts administer the necessary conditions for young persons with mental difficulties, a case study of 105 administrative court rulings from the autumn of 2013 has been done.

Both... (More)
The purpose of this essay is to investigate the distinction between the coercive laws LPT (Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act (1992:1128)) and LVU (Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52)) in order to see to what extent the current regulations provide comprehensive protection for young people with mental health difficulties. What is considered "serious mental disorder" (3 § LPT), and "socially destructive behaviour" (3 § LVU) will be investigated in this paper with a traditional jurisprudential method. In order to take a closer look on how the administrative courts administer the necessary conditions for young persons with mental difficulties, a case study of 105 administrative court rulings from the autumn of 2013 has been done.

Both legislations are coercive and protective legislations, with a purpose to take action and provide care when this cannot be achieved in a voluntary way. LVU aims at young persons with behavioural problems, risking their health and development, while LPT aims at those who need psychiatric expertise, age independent, due to mental health issues. Both legislations are generically phrased in order to cover a number of different conditions. The distinction between these two legislations seems to be with the seriousness of the mental disorder. According to LPT, the type and severity of the disorder should be assessed. The empirical study in this paper shows that compulsory care according to this law is applied to young persons with serious self-harm behaviour, eating disorder or suicidal actions, where the care seems to have the character of life support. Psychosis (mentioned in the preparatory work) only occurs in a few cases. Self-harm behaviour, anxiety and depression are also among the LVU cases, but seems to be of a milder character. Young persons, who are cared for according to LVU, often have several behaviours that are assessed to put the young person at risk. Aggression and externalizing behaviour is very common. Neuropsychiatric function disability is very common among the young persons in care according to LVU, often combined with additional psychiatric problems. According to HFD (Supreme Court) practice, the behaviour is not socially destructive in the meaning of LVU, if it can be considered a symptom of the function disability. Those who will not receive care due to this will be at risk of ending up in a grey area, if LPT is not applicable either. In these cases, there is a flaw in the social safety net. The care needs are obvious, but LPT cannot be applied. Though, the empirical study shows that the court only reached such conclusions in very few cases, but it was discussed in several cases, where the conclusion was that such a connection could not be determined. One explanation could be the difficulty to determine such a connection. The conclusion in this essay is that the investigation supports the fact that there are some flaws in current regulation and practice with regards to social protection for young persons with psychosocial problems. Additional flaws can be at hand, but these have not been identified within the extent of this essay. In order to do this, additional investigations are necessary. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka gränsdragningen mellan tvångslagstiftningarna LPT (lag (1991:1128) om psykiatrisk tvångsvård)) respektive LVU (lag (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga)), för att se i vilken utsträckning gällande reglering ger ett heltäckande skydd för ungdomar med psykisk problematik. I uppsatsen undersöks, med traditionell rättsvetenskaplig metod, vad som anses vara ”allvarlig psykisk störning” i 3 § LPT och ”socialt nedbrytande beteende” i 3 § LVU då de utgör del av de legala förutsättningarna för tvångsvård av unga. För att närmare granska hur förvaltningsrätterna tillämpar rekvisiten på unga med psykisk problematik, har en rättsfallsundersökning genomförts som bestående av 105... (More)
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka gränsdragningen mellan tvångslagstiftningarna LPT (lag (1991:1128) om psykiatrisk tvångsvård)) respektive LVU (lag (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga)), för att se i vilken utsträckning gällande reglering ger ett heltäckande skydd för ungdomar med psykisk problematik. I uppsatsen undersöks, med traditionell rättsvetenskaplig metod, vad som anses vara ”allvarlig psykisk störning” i 3 § LPT och ”socialt nedbrytande beteende” i 3 § LVU då de utgör del av de legala förutsättningarna för tvångsvård av unga. För att närmare granska hur förvaltningsrätterna tillämpar rekvisiten på unga med psykisk problematik, har en rättsfallsundersökning genomförts som bestående av 105 förvaltningsrättsavgöranden från hösten 2013.
De båda lagstiftningarna är såväl tvångs- som skyddslagstiftningar med syfte att ta vid och bereda vård när frivillighet inte kan nås. LVU tar sikte på unga med beteendeproblem som riskerar sin hälsa och utveckling och LPT tar sikte på de som behöver psykiatrisk expertis, oavsett ålder, med anledning av sin psykiska ohälsa. Båda lagstiftningarna är öppet formulerade i syfte att täcka en rad olika tillstånd. Gränsdragningen mellan de båda lagstiftningarna förefaller ligga i allvarligheten i den psykiska störningen. Enligt LPT ska störningen bedömas utifrån art och grad. Uppsatsens empiriska studie visar att tvångsvård enligt denna lag till största delen tillämpas på unga med allvarligt självskadebeteende, ätstörningsproblematik eller suicidala handlingar där vården tycks närmast ha livsuppehållande karaktär. Psykoser, som anges i förarbetena, förekommer endast i ett fåtal fall. Självskadebeteende, ångest och depression förekommer även i LVU-målen men av lindrigare karaktär. De unga som vårdas enligt LVU har ofta ett flertal beteenden som bedöms vara riskfyllda för den unge och aggressivitet och utagerande är vanligast förekommande. Neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning är vanligt bland de unga som vårdas enligt LVU och ofta i kombination med annan psykiatrisk problematik. Enligt praxis från HFD ska beteendet inte utgöra socialt nedbrytande i LVU:s mening, om det kan betraktas som symtom på funktionsnedsättningen. De som ej bereds vård med anledning av att beteendet anses bero på funktionsnedsättningen riskerar således att hamna i en gråzon om inte heller LPT är tillämplig. I dessa fall brister samhällsskyddet då det finns ett tydligt vårdbehov, men inte heller LPT är tillämplig. Av den empiriska studien framgår emellertid att domstolen kommer till en sådan slutsats endast i ett fåtal fall. Resonemang kring det förs dock i ett flertal fall, där slutsatsen är att ett sådant nära samband inte kan fastställas. En förklaring kan vara svårigheten med att fastställa ett sådant samband. Slutsats som kan dras i detta arbete är således att undersökningen ger stöd för att det föreligger vissa brister i samhällsskyddet för unga med psykosociala problem. Ytterligare brister i samhällsskyddet kan emellertid finnas men som inte fångats inom ramen för detta arbete och för det krävs vidare utredning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Johannesson, Heidi LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Young persons with psychosocial problems A study in the distinction between LPT and LVU
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
förvaltningsrätt, socialrätt, ungdomar, allvarlig psykisk störning, socialt nedbrytande beteende, LVU, LPT
language
Swedish
id
4450983
date added to LUP
2014-07-21 07:06:56
date last changed
2014-07-21 07:06:56
@misc{4450983,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this essay is to investigate the distinction between the coercive laws LPT (Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act (1992:1128)) and LVU (Care of Young Persons Act (1990:52)) in order to see to what extent the current regulations provide comprehensive protection for young people with mental health difficulties. What is considered "serious mental disorder" (3 § LPT), and "socially destructive behaviour" (3 § LVU) will be investigated in this paper with a traditional jurisprudential method. In order to take a closer look on how the administrative courts administer the necessary conditions for young persons with mental difficulties, a case study of 105 administrative court rulings from the autumn of 2013 has been done.

Both legislations are coercive and protective legislations, with a purpose to take action and provide care when this cannot be achieved in a voluntary way. LVU aims at young persons with behavioural problems, risking their health and development, while LPT aims at those who need psychiatric expertise, age independent, due to mental health issues. Both legislations are generically phrased in order to cover a number of different conditions. The distinction between these two legislations seems to be with the seriousness of the mental disorder. According to LPT, the type and severity of the disorder should be assessed. The empirical study in this paper shows that compulsory care according to this law is applied to young persons with serious self-harm behaviour, eating disorder or suicidal actions, where the care seems to have the character of life support. Psychosis (mentioned in the preparatory work) only occurs in a few cases. Self-harm behaviour, anxiety and depression are also among the LVU cases, but seems to be of a milder character. Young persons, who are cared for according to LVU, often have several behaviours that are assessed to put the young person at risk. Aggression and externalizing behaviour is very common. Neuropsychiatric function disability is very common among the young persons in care according to LVU, often combined with additional psychiatric problems. According to HFD (Supreme Court) practice, the behaviour is not socially destructive in the meaning of LVU, if it can be considered a symptom of the function disability. Those who will not receive care due to this will be at risk of ending up in a grey area, if LPT is not applicable either. In these cases, there is a flaw in the social safety net. The care needs are obvious, but LPT cannot be applied. Though, the empirical study shows that the court only reached such conclusions in very few cases, but it was discussed in several cases, where the conclusion was that such a connection could not be determined. One explanation could be the difficulty to determine such a connection. The conclusion in this essay is that the investigation supports the fact that there are some flaws in current regulation and practice with regards to social protection for young persons with psychosocial problems. Additional flaws can be at hand, but these have not been identified within the extent of this essay. In order to do this, additional investigations are necessary.}},
  author       = {{Johannesson, Heidi}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ungdomar med psykosociala problem En studie om gränsdragningen mellan LPT och LVU}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}