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Sociala upphandlingar - är det möjligt?

Engqvist, Isak LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Offentlig upphandling är ett ämne där många har synpunkter och ämnet har också debatteras frekvent i media och inom den juridiska diskursen. Inte minst handlar det om miljökrav där också fler och fler använda sig ut av dessa krav i sina upphandlingar. Ett samordnade och stödjande arbete med råd om hur man kan ställa miljökrav har bedrivits, inte minst inom ramen för Miljöstyrningsrådet (MSR).

Samma fokus som på miljökrav har det inte funnits när det handlar om att ställa sociala krav. Dock kan man säga att intresset från upphandlande myndigheter har blivit allt större de senaste åren. Denna uppsats ämnar fördjupa sig i möjligheterna att ställa sociala krav och kanske framförallt hur man kan ställa dessa krav.

Efter att en genomgång... (More)
Offentlig upphandling är ett ämne där många har synpunkter och ämnet har också debatteras frekvent i media och inom den juridiska diskursen. Inte minst handlar det om miljökrav där också fler och fler använda sig ut av dessa krav i sina upphandlingar. Ett samordnade och stödjande arbete med råd om hur man kan ställa miljökrav har bedrivits, inte minst inom ramen för Miljöstyrningsrådet (MSR).

Samma fokus som på miljökrav har det inte funnits när det handlar om att ställa sociala krav. Dock kan man säga att intresset från upphandlande myndigheter har blivit allt större de senaste åren. Denna uppsats ämnar fördjupa sig i möjligheterna att ställa sociala krav och kanske framförallt hur man kan ställa dessa krav.

Efter att en genomgång av den litteratur och kanske framförallt den rättspraxis som finns från EU-domstolen så kan man konstatera olika tendenser. En del av det resultat som framkommit går att härleda ur analoga tolkningar dels från hur EU-domstolen har bedömt just miljökrav men också med beaktande av hur EU-domstolen har förhållit sig till de grundläggande principer som styr upphandlingsförfarandet.

Offentlig upphandling är ett förfarande som syftar till att öppna upp och tillgängliggöra offentliga kontrakt för den inre marknaden i EU. För att göra detta så styrs upphandlingsförfarandet av de grundläggande principerna som ligger till grund för den europeiska unionen. Principerna handlar om öppenhet, transparens, icke-diskriminering, proportionalitet och ömsesidigt godkännande, respekt ska också visas för de friheter som finns i EU:s grundfördrag, så som exempelvis rätten att tillhandahålla tjänster och fri rörlighet.

Det kan konstateras att det finns möjligheter att ställa sociala krav i offentliga upphandlingar. Men den upphandlande myndigheten måste vara medveten om hur man ställer dessa. Dels måste den upphandlande myndigheten fundera över ifall man ska ställa kraven så som kvalificering av anbudsgivare, tekniska specifikationer, särskilda kontraktsvillkor eller villkor för tilldelning av kontrakt. I litteraturen och i lagstiftningen har det framhävts att sociala krav framförallt ska ställas i form ut av särskilda kontraktsvillkor, alltså villkor för kontraktets fullbordan.

När det gäller möjligheter att använda sig av krav för att uppnå arbetsmarknadspolitiska mål eller ställa krav på kollektivavtal eller på villkor som motsvarar dem i kollektivavtal så gäller det att kraven håller sig inom EU-rättens ramar. När det handlar om arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder är det framförallt proportionalitetsprincipen som blir viktig. För krav om kollektivavtal så handlar det främst bedömningar kring rätten att tillhandahålla tjänster. (Less)
Abstract
Public procurement has been frequently debated in news-media but also in the legal discourse, during the last years. Especially regarding the possibility to set environmental goals and we can see these requirements being more frequently used. Coordinating and supporting functions has been developed with advice on how to set these types of requirements. For example has MSR (Miljöstyrningsrådet) been an organization working with support to public bodies.

The same focus and interest as for environmental requirements has not been the case conserving social demands. But during the last couple of years public bodies has been more interested in these types of social demands. This paper intends to examine the possibilities to set social... (More)
Public procurement has been frequently debated in news-media but also in the legal discourse, during the last years. Especially regarding the possibility to set environmental goals and we can see these requirements being more frequently used. Coordinating and supporting functions has been developed with advice on how to set these types of requirements. For example has MSR (Miljöstyrningsrådet) been an organization working with support to public bodies.

The same focus and interest as for environmental requirements has not been the case conserving social demands. But during the last couple of years public bodies has been more interested in these types of social demands. This paper intends to examine the possibilities to set social demands and perhaps more importantly to examine how these requirements should be set.

After going through some of the literature, and perhaps more importantly the case law available from the European Court of Justice certain tendencies has been detected. Some of the results obtained can be derived from rulings by the ECJ in environmental-cases concerning public procurement but also by reading the ECJ´s rulings on cases concerning the fundamental principles that govern the procurement procedure.

Public procurement is a process that aims at opening up and making public contracts accessible for the internal market in Europe. In order to achieve that the procurement procedure is governed by the basic principles that constructs the European Union. These principles are openness, transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality and mutual recognition; the principles also concern the freedoms that are in the EU constitution, as for example the right to provide services and freedom of movement.

It can be concluded that there are possibilities to set social demands in public procurement. The more important issue is rather how these requirements should be set. Firstly, the contracting authority shall consider whether you should set requirements such as qualification of bidders, specifications, specific contract terms or conditions for awarding the contract. In the literature and in the Swedish law, it has been highlighted that social demands, is more suited to be used in the form of the specific contract terms, ie terms for executing the contract.

When it comes to requirements aiming at achieving social policy objectives or requirements of collective agreements or demands that demands in collective agreements should be followed, you have to set requirements within the EU law framework. Demands connected to labor market policies, it is above all the principle of proportionality which is important. Demands concerning collective agreements needs especially to take the right to provide services in to consideration. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Engqvist, Isak LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Social public procurement - is it possible?
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
förvaltningsrätt, offentlig upphandling
language
Swedish
id
4451178
date added to LUP
2014-08-06 13:39:53
date last changed
2014-08-06 13:39:53
@misc{4451178,
  abstract     = {{Public procurement has been frequently debated in news-media but also in the legal discourse, during the last years. Especially regarding the possibility to set environmental goals and we can see these requirements being more frequently used. Coordinating and supporting functions has been developed with advice on how to set these types of requirements. For example has MSR (Miljöstyrningsrådet) been an organization working with support to public bodies. 

The same focus and interest as for environmental requirements has not been the case conserving social demands. But during the last couple of years public bodies has been more interested in these types of social demands. This paper intends to examine the possibilities to set social demands and perhaps more importantly to examine how these requirements should be set.

After going through some of the literature, and perhaps more importantly the case law available from the European Court of Justice certain tendencies has been detected. Some of the results obtained can be derived from rulings by the ECJ in environmental-cases concerning public procurement but also by reading the ECJ´s rulings on cases concerning the fundamental principles that govern the procurement procedure.

Public procurement is a process that aims at opening up and making public contracts accessible for the internal market in Europe. In order to achieve that the procurement procedure is governed by the basic principles that constructs the European Union. These principles are openness, transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality and mutual recognition; the principles also concern the freedoms that are in the EU constitution, as for example the right to provide services and freedom of movement.

It can be concluded that there are possibilities to set social demands in public procurement. The more important issue is rather how these requirements should be set. Firstly, the contracting authority shall consider whether you should set requirements such as qualification of bidders, specifications, specific contract terms or conditions for awarding the contract. In the literature and in the Swedish law, it has been highlighted that social demands, is more suited to be used in the form of the specific contract terms, ie terms for executing the contract.

When it comes to requirements aiming at achieving social policy objectives or requirements of collective agreements or demands that demands in collective agreements should be followed, you have to set requirements within the EU law framework. Demands connected to labor market policies, it is above all the principle of proportionality which is important. Demands concerning collective agreements needs especially to take the right to provide services in to consideration.}},
  author       = {{Engqvist, Isak}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Sociala upphandlingar - är det möjligt?}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}