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Evaluation of soft-tissue match methods for utilization in CBCT guided adaptive radiotherapy of lung cancer patients – clinical benefits, limitations and margin determination

Rahma, Fatma (2014) MSFT01
Medical Radiation Physics, Lund
Medical Physics Programme
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to a) study the benefits and limitations with soft-tissue match for lung cancer patients, b) evaluate five different soft-tissue match methods, c) compare soft-tissue with bony match, d) find the stable surrogates to match on for obscured malignant lymph nodes, e) calculate CTV to PTV and OAR margins and volume of PTV for the corresponding margins, and d) study the anatomical changes associated with radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Material and methods: 23 lung cancer patients (16 NSCLC, 7 SCLC) treated with radiotherapy, with 135 weekly CBCT set-up images were retrospectively matched to the planning CTs by five different match methods using the registration software Offline Review, version 10.0 (Varian... (More)
Purpose: The aim of this study is to a) study the benefits and limitations with soft-tissue match for lung cancer patients, b) evaluate five different soft-tissue match methods, c) compare soft-tissue with bony match, d) find the stable surrogates to match on for obscured malignant lymph nodes, e) calculate CTV to PTV and OAR margins and volume of PTV for the corresponding margins, and d) study the anatomical changes associated with radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Material and methods: 23 lung cancer patients (16 NSCLC, 7 SCLC) treated with radiotherapy, with 135 weekly CBCT set-up images were retrospectively matched to the planning CTs by five different match methods using the registration software Offline Review, version 10.0 (Varian Medical Systems). Four match methods utilized the volume of interest (VOI) of the CT defined GTV, including the internal motion (GTV-T/IM), plus a 2, 5, 10 or 20 mm symmetrical margin, respectively. The fifth match method used a square VOI enclosing the GTV-T with a 10 mm symmetrical margin.
An intensity range of [-150;150] HU was used for automatic soft-tissue matches. Bony match was retrospectively performed and compared to soft-tissue match. Residual GTV-T/IM set-up deviations in all directions were studied for each match and PTV-T margins were calculated. Additionally, stable surrogates close to GTV-N was used for the residual GTV-N set-up deviation measurements and PTVN margin calculations. Total PTV, based on the margins calculated, was measured, by adding CTV to PTV margins to the delineated CTV for bony and GTV-T/IM + 10 mm soft-tissue matches. Additional
5 patients were included and anatomical changes were observed.

Results: All soft-tissue match methods gave similar residual GTV-T/IM set-up deviations, ranging between [-3;3] mm, resulting in [5.2;5.8] mm PTV-T margins compared to bony match with deviations between [-8:10] mm and PTV-T margins [7.4;8.6] mm. Match methods utilizing larger VOIs were more stable compared to match methods using smaller VOIs. Auto match on small targets (< 3 cm3) was problematic, and not possible for match method 5. For 77% of the patients with lymph nodes, the main bronchi area was a suitable stable surrogate. For the remaining lateral GVT-Ns the aortic arch and the main pulmonary artery were suitable as surrogates. Soft-tissue and bony residual GTV-N set-up deviations ranged between [-8;10] and [-20;9] mm respectively resulting in PTV-N margins between [6;9.8] and [7.1;8.1] mm respectively. Mean total PTV spare with soft-tissue match was 54 cm3. Anatomical changes, atelectasis (21%) and pneumonitis (4%) occurred randomly during the course of treatment. For the 8 patients with large anatomical changes, which required adaptive strategy, atelectasis and tumor change were the dominant reasons for adaptation.

Conclusion: Using soft-tissue match reduces the required PTV-T margins. For semi-automatic softtissue match on the primary tumor, match within GTV-T/IM with a 10 or 20 mm margin extension used as match VOIs were most appropriate. For small tumors (< 3 cm3), match manually on GTVT/ IM itself is advisable. The main bronchi area is a suitable surrogate primarily for centrally positioned mediastinal GTV-N. Atelectasis was the dominant anatomical change observed. Daily CBCT prevent missing significant anatomical changes and shorten the time between the observation and the adaptive strategy implementation. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Bildstyrd strålterapi är en process bestående av att ta 2D eller 3D bilder under
strålbehandlingens gång och används för att försäkra sig om att patienten är positionerad på samma sätt som referensbilden för att få samma dos som planerades (beräknat på referens bilden). I det här arbetet har en 3D scanning av patientens positionering jämförs med en CT referensbild för patienten. Efter matchen, som utförs precis innan varje behandling,korrigerasavvikelsen mellan bilderna. Avvikelserna i ryggraden (benmatch) eller i tumören (target match) korrigeras genom att automatiskt flytta patienten på plats gnom att flytta britsen i alla nödvändiga riktningar. 3D scanningen ger information om mjukvävnad och tumörens position. Lungtumören rör sig som... (More)
Bildstyrd strålterapi är en process bestående av att ta 2D eller 3D bilder under
strålbehandlingens gång och används för att försäkra sig om att patienten är positionerad på samma sätt som referensbilden för att få samma dos som planerades (beräknat på referens bilden). I det här arbetet har en 3D scanning av patientens positionering jämförs med en CT referensbild för patienten. Efter matchen, som utförs precis innan varje behandling,korrigerasavvikelsen mellan bilderna. Avvikelserna i ryggraden (benmatch) eller i tumören (target match) korrigeras genom att automatiskt flytta patienten på plats gnom att flytta britsen i alla nödvändiga riktningar. 3D scanningen ger information om mjukvävnad och tumörens position. Lungtumören rör sig som följd av andningen och andra organens rörelse därför är matchningen på tumören att föredra istället för att matcha på ryggraden. För en säkrare och noggrannare match används därför 3D scanningen för lungcancer patienter. Det har gjordes en jämförelse mellan att matcha på tumören med en marginal runt om och att matcha på ryggmärgen.

Veckovisa 3D scanningar har använts för den studien och matchningarna har utförts
retrospektivt. Tumörens uppställningsavvikelse beräknades för både benmatch och target match. Baserat på de avvikelserna har marginalen som behövs runt tumören beräknats. Marginalens uppgift är att försäkra sig om att tumören kommer att få den planerade dosen. Anatomiska förändringar och deras uppkomsttid har observerats under behandlingstiden.

Resultaten visade att alla target match med en lite större marginal är stabilare att använda jämfört med target match med mindre marginaler. Resultaten visade också att det behövs en mindre marginal runt tumören när matchningen har gjorts på tumören jämförts med matchningen på ryggraden. Mindre marginal innebär att man sparar friskvävnad ifrån onödig strålning. Observeringen av anatomiska förändringar visade att förändringarna skedde slumpmässigt och sammanfallen lungblåsa (då en del av lungan inte har fyllts med luft när man andas in) var den dominerande förändringen. Dagliga 3D scanningar skulle förebygga miss av anatomiska förändringar av betydelse. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rahma, Fatma
supervisor
organization
course
MSFT01
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
language
English
id
4623038
date added to LUP
2014-09-04 22:48:26
date last changed
2017-01-09 16:30:41
@misc{4623038,
  abstract     = {{Purpose: The aim of this study is to a) study the benefits and limitations with soft-tissue match for lung cancer patients, b) evaluate five different soft-tissue match methods, c) compare soft-tissue with bony match, d) find the stable surrogates to match on for obscured malignant lymph nodes, e) calculate CTV to PTV and OAR margins and volume of PTV for the corresponding margins, and d) study the anatomical changes associated with radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Material and methods: 23 lung cancer patients (16 NSCLC, 7 SCLC) treated with radiotherapy, with 135 weekly CBCT set-up images were retrospectively matched to the planning CTs by five different match methods using the registration software Offline Review, version 10.0 (Varian Medical Systems). Four match methods utilized the volume of interest (VOI) of the CT defined GTV, including the internal motion (GTV-T/IM), plus a 2, 5, 10 or 20 mm symmetrical margin, respectively. The fifth match method used a square VOI enclosing the GTV-T with a 10 mm symmetrical margin.
An intensity range of [-150;150] HU was used for automatic soft-tissue matches. Bony match was retrospectively performed and compared to soft-tissue match. Residual GTV-T/IM set-up deviations in all directions were studied for each match and PTV-T margins were calculated. Additionally, stable surrogates close to GTV-N was used for the residual GTV-N set-up deviation measurements and PTVN margin calculations. Total PTV, based on the margins calculated, was measured, by adding CTV to PTV margins to the delineated CTV for bony and GTV-T/IM + 10 mm soft-tissue matches. Additional
5 patients were included and anatomical changes were observed.

Results: All soft-tissue match methods gave similar residual GTV-T/IM set-up deviations, ranging between [-3;3] mm, resulting in [5.2;5.8] mm PTV-T margins compared to bony match with deviations between [-8:10] mm and PTV-T margins [7.4;8.6] mm. Match methods utilizing larger VOIs were more stable compared to match methods using smaller VOIs. Auto match on small targets (< 3 cm3) was problematic, and not possible for match method 5. For 77% of the patients with lymph nodes, the main bronchi area was a suitable stable surrogate. For the remaining lateral GVT-Ns the aortic arch and the main pulmonary artery were suitable as surrogates. Soft-tissue and bony residual GTV-N set-up deviations ranged between [-8;10] and [-20;9] mm respectively resulting in PTV-N margins between [6;9.8] and [7.1;8.1] mm respectively. Mean total PTV spare with soft-tissue match was 54 cm3. Anatomical changes, atelectasis (21%) and pneumonitis (4%) occurred randomly during the course of treatment. For the 8 patients with large anatomical changes, which required adaptive strategy, atelectasis and tumor change were the dominant reasons for adaptation.

Conclusion: Using soft-tissue match reduces the required PTV-T margins. For semi-automatic softtissue match on the primary tumor, match within GTV-T/IM with a 10 or 20 mm margin extension used as match VOIs were most appropriate. For small tumors (< 3 cm3), match manually on GTVT/ IM itself is advisable. The main bronchi area is a suitable surrogate primarily for centrally positioned mediastinal GTV-N. Atelectasis was the dominant anatomical change observed. Daily CBCT prevent missing significant anatomical changes and shorten the time between the observation and the adaptive strategy implementation.}},
  author       = {{Rahma, Fatma}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Evaluation of soft-tissue match methods for utilization in CBCT guided adaptive radiotherapy of lung cancer patients – clinical benefits, limitations and margin determination}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}