Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Konsumtionsprincipens tillämpning på digitala verk

Svensson, Marcus LU (2014) LAGM01 20142
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I avgörandet UsedSoft slog EU-domstolen fast att konsumtionsprincipen omfattar digitala exemplar av datorprogram under vissa förutsättningar. Förhandsavgörandet har följts av en diskussion kring huruvida principen även ska tillämpas på andra kategorier av digitala verk. Syftet med framställningen är att utreda om så är fallet genom att undersöka hur digitala verk förhåller sig till datorprogramdirektivets tillämpningsområde, vad resultatet blir vid en parallell tillämpning av datorprogramdirektivet och infosocdirektivet samt om kopior av digitala verk ska anses konsumerade även under infosocdirektivet.

Till följd av EU-domstolens avgöranden BSA och SAS kan konstateras att datorprogramdirektivets tillämpningsområde är så smalt avgränsat... (More)
I avgörandet UsedSoft slog EU-domstolen fast att konsumtionsprincipen omfattar digitala exemplar av datorprogram under vissa förutsättningar. Förhandsavgörandet har följts av en diskussion kring huruvida principen även ska tillämpas på andra kategorier av digitala verk. Syftet med framställningen är att utreda om så är fallet genom att undersöka hur digitala verk förhåller sig till datorprogramdirektivets tillämpningsområde, vad resultatet blir vid en parallell tillämpning av datorprogramdirektivet och infosocdirektivet samt om kopior av digitala verk ska anses konsumerade även under infosocdirektivet.

Till följd av EU-domstolens avgöranden BSA och SAS kan konstateras att datorprogramdirektivets tillämpningsområde är så smalt avgränsat att det i praktiken inte kan bli aktuellt att endast tillämpa detta direktiv i förhållande till frågan om konsumtion av digitala exemplar, varken avseende datorprogram eller andra kategorier av digitala verk. I samtliga dessa fall bör nämligen även infosocdirektivet aktualiseras p.g.a. de digitala verkens inslag av exempelvis gränssnitt, bild och ljud. Då det framgår av avgörandet Infopaq att delar av verk ska erhålla samma skydd som hela verk är digitala verk därför i många fall skyddade under både datorprogramdirektivet och infosocdirektivet. Denna ståndpunkt bekräftades i förhållande till TV-spel i avgörandet PC Box, av vilket det enligt min mening även framgår att varje fråga ska bedömas utifrån det av de två tillämpliga skydden som är mest förmånligt för rättighetshavaren. En effekt av detta är att avgörandet UsedSoft inte får någon praktisk betydelse om inte konsumtionsprincipen även omfattar exemplar av digitala verk under infosocdirektivet.

Beträffande frågan om avgörandet UsedSoft gäller även under infosocdirektivet konstateras att det finns vissa språkskillnader mellan direktiven avseende konsumtionsprincipen samt att infosocdirektivet har en närmare relation till WCT, en traktat som talar mot en sådan tillämpning, än vad datorprogramdirektivet har. Skillnaderna utgör dock inte något absolut hinder för en tillämpning av konsumtionsprincipen på digitala verk även inom infosocdirektivets tillämpningsområde. Vid en analys av EU-domstolens rättsliga argument noteras att domstolen hänvisar till datorprogramdirektivets lex specialis-karaktär i avgörandet UsedSoft. Samtidigt anser jag att de skäl som domstolen anför till stöd för en tillämpning av konsumtionsprincipen i lika stor utsträckning kan göras gällande i förhållande till digitala verk utanför datorprogramdirektivets tillämpningsområde. Detta öppnar för en mer generell tillämpning av avgörandet. Det är också, med hänsyn till i doktrinen förekommande ekvivalensteorier, önskvärt att digitala och fysiska exemplar behandlas på samma sätt. Det finns visserligen skillnader som enligt min mening leder till att en motsvarande tillämpning av konsumtionsprincipen på digitala verk inte är ekvivalent, men sådana hänsyn kan göras gällande även för datorprogram och beaktades inte i avgörandet UsedSoft.

Vid en samlad bedömning anser jag därför att konsumtionsprincipen bör aktualiseras på motsvarande sätt under infosocdirektivet, vilket också är rimligt då verkstyperna sammanblandas allt mer. (Less)
Abstract
In the UsedSoft case, the CJEU concluded that the principle of exhaustion extends to digital copies of computer programs under certain conditions. This ruling has been followed by a discussion on whether or not the principle applies to other categories of digital works as well. The purpose of this thesis is to assess if that is the case by examining how digital works relate to the scope of the Software Directive, what the result is of a parallel application of the Software Directive and the Infosoc Directive, and if the principle of exhaustion also applies to digital works under the Infosoc Directive.

In light of the cases BSA and SAS, it can be concluded that the scope of the Software Directive is so narrow that it is difficult to find... (More)
In the UsedSoft case, the CJEU concluded that the principle of exhaustion extends to digital copies of computer programs under certain conditions. This ruling has been followed by a discussion on whether or not the principle applies to other categories of digital works as well. The purpose of this thesis is to assess if that is the case by examining how digital works relate to the scope of the Software Directive, what the result is of a parallel application of the Software Directive and the Infosoc Directive, and if the principle of exhaustion also applies to digital works under the Infosoc Directive.

In light of the cases BSA and SAS, it can be concluded that the scope of the Software Directive is so narrow that it is difficult to find a situation where exhaustion of a digital copy can be assessed solely under this Directive. This conclusion applies to computer programs and other digital works alike. It is based on the fact that the Infosoc Directive will apply in relation to certain elements of the digital work, such as interfaces, images and audio. In the Infopaq case, it is stated that parts of a work should be treated in the same manner as the work as a whole. Therefore, digital works are in many cases protected under both the Software Directive and the Infosoc Directive. This is confirmed in the ruling PC Box with regard to videogames, from which it also, in my opinion, can be concluded that every aspect of copyright should be assessed in relation to the one of the applicable Directives that affords the best protection for the rights holder. A result of this is that the UsedSoft case either has no practical relevance or that the principle of exhaustion also applies to digital copies under the Infosoc Directive.

When addressing the question of whether or not the statements in the UsedSoft case also apply to digital works under the Infosoc Directive, it is noted that there are some differences in the wording of the Directives regarding exhaustion. Furthermore, the Infosoc Directive is closer connected to the WCT, a treaty that speaks against such an application, than the Software Directive is. These differences do not, however, make it impossible to apply the principle of exhaustion to digital works also under the Infosoc Directive. In an analysis of the CJEU’s intention, it is first noted that the Court refers to the lex specialis character of the Software Directive in the UsedSoft case. At the same time, I believe that the reasons stated by the Court in support of an application of the principle of exhaustion could be applied equally in relation to digital works outside the scope of the Software Directive. This opens up for a more general application of the case. Furthermore, it is also desirable to treat digital and physical copies equally, according to theories of equivalence as described in the doctrine. In my opinion, however, there are differences that make an equal application of the principle non-equivalent, but such a statement could also be made with regard to computer programs and yet this is not considered in the UsedSoft case.

Taking all factors into account, my conclusion is that the principle of exhaustion applies also to digital copies of works under the Infosoc Directive, which is a reasonable conclusion since the different categories of digital works are becoming more and more merged together. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Svensson, Marcus LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Principle of Exhaustion and its Application on Digital Works
course
LAGM01 20142
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
intellectual property law, IT Law, digitala verk, konsumtionsprincipen, förmögenhetsrätt, immaterialrätt, IT-rätt, digital works, principle of exhaustion, UsedSoft, PC Box, Infopaq, SAS, BSA, C-128/11, C-355/12, C-5/08, C-406/10, C-393/09
language
Swedish
id
4905462
date added to LUP
2015-03-10 14:50:05
date last changed
2015-03-10 14:50:05
@misc{4905462,
  abstract     = {{In the UsedSoft case, the CJEU concluded that the principle of exhaustion extends to digital copies of computer programs under certain conditions. This ruling has been followed by a discussion on whether or not the principle applies to other categories of digital works as well. The purpose of this thesis is to assess if that is the case by examining how digital works relate to the scope of the Software Directive, what the result is of a parallel application of the Software Directive and the Infosoc Directive, and if the principle of exhaustion also applies to digital works under the Infosoc Directive.

In light of the cases BSA and SAS, it can be concluded that the scope of the Software Directive is so narrow that it is difficult to find a situation where exhaustion of a digital copy can be assessed solely under this Directive. This conclusion applies to computer programs and other digital works alike. It is based on the fact that the Infosoc Directive will apply in relation to certain elements of the digital work, such as interfaces, images and audio. In the Infopaq case, it is stated that parts of a work should be treated in the same manner as the work as a whole. Therefore, digital works are in many cases protected under both the Software Directive and the Infosoc Directive. This is confirmed in the ruling PC Box with regard to videogames, from which it also, in my opinion, can be concluded that every aspect of copyright should be assessed in relation to the one of the applicable Directives that affords the best protection for the rights holder. A result of this is that the UsedSoft case either has no practical relevance or that the principle of exhaustion also applies to digital copies under the Infosoc Directive.

When addressing the question of whether or not the statements in the UsedSoft case also apply to digital works under the Infosoc Directive, it is noted that there are some differences in the wording of the Directives regarding exhaustion. Furthermore, the Infosoc Directive is closer connected to the WCT, a treaty that speaks against such an application, than the Software Directive is. These differences do not, however, make it impossible to apply the principle of exhaustion to digital works also under the Infosoc Directive. In an analysis of the CJEU’s intention, it is first noted that the Court refers to the lex specialis character of the Software Directive in the UsedSoft case. At the same time, I believe that the reasons stated by the Court in support of an application of the principle of exhaustion could be applied equally in relation to digital works outside the scope of the Software Directive. This opens up for a more general application of the case. Furthermore, it is also desirable to treat digital and physical copies equally, according to theories of equivalence as described in the doctrine. In my opinion, however, there are differences that make an equal application of the principle non-equivalent, but such a statement could also be made with regard to computer programs and yet this is not considered in the UsedSoft case. 

Taking all factors into account, my conclusion is that the principle of exhaustion applies also to digital copies of works under the Infosoc Directive, which is a reasonable conclusion since the different categories of digital works are becoming more and more merged together.}},
  author       = {{Svensson, Marcus}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Konsumtionsprincipens tillämpning på digitala verk}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}