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Rätt att slå tillbaka? - Om hur våld i nära relation påverkar nödvärnsbedömningen

Gunnarsson, Anna LU (2015) LAGF03 20152
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Nödvärnsrätten regleras i 24 kap. 1 § BrB och den består av fyra grunder för när en försvarshandling får vidtas utan att medföra straffansvar. Nödvärnshandlingen ska vägas mot angreppets beskaffenhet, det angripnas betydelse och omständigheterna i övrigt i syfte att avgöra om den varit uppenbart oförsvarlig eller ej. Nödvärnsrätten har, efter att varit otroligt kritiserad för att vara alltför snäv under 1900-talets början, utvecklats under hela 1900-talet. Idag påvisar HD en relativt generös rättspraxis, där det är tydligt att det inte bara ska finnas en rätt till nödvärn i teorin, utan även i praktiken. Detta innebär dock inte att nödvärnsrätten idag är helt okontroversiell.
Denna uppsats tar sikte på en situation då en kvinna har... (More)
Nödvärnsrätten regleras i 24 kap. 1 § BrB och den består av fyra grunder för när en försvarshandling får vidtas utan att medföra straffansvar. Nödvärnshandlingen ska vägas mot angreppets beskaffenhet, det angripnas betydelse och omständigheterna i övrigt i syfte att avgöra om den varit uppenbart oförsvarlig eller ej. Nödvärnsrätten har, efter att varit otroligt kritiserad för att vara alltför snäv under 1900-talets början, utvecklats under hela 1900-talet. Idag påvisar HD en relativt generös rättspraxis, där det är tydligt att det inte bara ska finnas en rätt till nödvärn i teorin, utan även i praktiken. Detta innebär dock inte att nödvärnsrätten idag är helt okontroversiell.
Denna uppsats tar sikte på en situation då en kvinna har utövat våld, vilket hon menar har företagits i självförsvar, och därför står åtalad för en brottslig gärning mot en man hon delar/har delat en äktenskaps- eller samborelation med och som tidigare utsatt henne för fysisk och/eller psykisk misshandel.
Vilka förutsättningar finns för att i nödvärnsbedömningen ta hänsyn till det tidigare våldet? Genom uppsatsen blir det klart att de rättsliga förutsättningar framstår som generösa till förmån för den tilltalade. Samtidigt blir det i utredningen tydligt att just dessa rättsliga möjligheter, i några exemplifierande fall blir lämnade därhän och att den omständighet den tilltalade tidigare blivit utsatt för fara och våld istället kan får en negativ innebörd vid rättstillämpningen. (Less)
Abstract
The right to self-defence is regulated in Chapter 24. 1 § of the Penal code and consists of four circumstances of when an action in self-defence may be taken without implicating criminal liability. The action in self-defence shall be assessed against the nature of the attack, the significance of the contested and other considerations with the purpose to determine whether it has been clearly indefensible or not. The right to self-defence has, after being remarkably criticised for being to narrow during the first decades of the 20th century, developed during the entire 20th century. Today the Supreme Court demonstrates a relatively generous case-law, where it is obvious that the right to self-defence is as existing in practice as it is in... (More)
The right to self-defence is regulated in Chapter 24. 1 § of the Penal code and consists of four circumstances of when an action in self-defence may be taken without implicating criminal liability. The action in self-defence shall be assessed against the nature of the attack, the significance of the contested and other considerations with the purpose to determine whether it has been clearly indefensible or not. The right to self-defence has, after being remarkably criticised for being to narrow during the first decades of the 20th century, developed during the entire 20th century. Today the Supreme Court demonstrates a relatively generous case-law, where it is obvious that the right to self-defence is as existing in practice as it is in theory. Still, this does not mean that the right to self-defence today is entirely uncontroversial.
This essay aims at the situation where a woman has taken an action, which she claims was taken in self-defence, and therefore is prosecuted for a criminal act, against a man she shares/has shared a marriage or partnership with and that earlier has been abusing her physically and/or mentally.
What possibilities are there to take the earlier violence into account as the court considers the right to self-defence? Through the essay it becomes clear that the judicial conditions are generous in favour of the defendant. At the same time the investigation of the essay makes it clear that these judicial possibilities in some cases, actually not are taken into account, and that the circumstance that the defendant earlier has been exposed for danger and violence instead can have a negative effect at the application of law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Gunnarsson, Anna LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20152
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Nödvärn
language
Swedish
id
8511391
date added to LUP
2016-02-23 15:14:35
date last changed
2016-02-23 15:14:35
@misc{8511391,
  abstract     = {{The right to self-defence is regulated in Chapter 24. 1 § of the Penal code and consists of four circumstances of when an action in self-defence may be taken without implicating criminal liability. The action in self-defence shall be assessed against the nature of the attack, the significance of the contested and other considerations with the purpose to determine whether it has been clearly indefensible or not. The right to self-defence has, after being remarkably criticised for being to narrow during the first decades of the 20th century, developed during the entire 20th century. Today the Supreme Court demonstrates a relatively generous case-law, where it is obvious that the right to self-defence is as existing in practice as it is in theory. Still, this does not mean that the right to self-defence today is entirely uncontroversial. 
This essay aims at the situation where a woman has taken an action, which she claims was taken in self-defence, and therefore is prosecuted for a criminal act, against a man she shares/has shared a marriage or partnership with and that earlier has been abusing her physically and/or mentally. 
What possibilities are there to take the earlier violence into account as the court considers the right to self-defence? Through the essay it becomes clear that the judicial conditions are generous in favour of the defendant. At the same time the investigation of the essay makes it clear that these judicial possibilities in some cases, actually not are taken into account, and that the circumstance that the defendant earlier has been exposed for danger and violence instead can have a negative effect at the application of law.}},
  author       = {{Gunnarsson, Anna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Rätt att slå tillbaka? - Om hur våld i nära relation påverkar nödvärnsbedömningen}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}