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Ansvarsfrihet vid människosmuggling − Om förekomsten och den eventuella omfattningen av ett humanitärt undantag till 20 kap. 8 § utlänningslagen

Kovacevic, Sanja LU (2016) LAGM01 20161
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna framställning behandlar förekomsten och den eventuella omfattningen av ett humanitärt undantag till människosmugglingsbestämmelsen i 20 kap. 8 § utlänningslagen (2005:716). Enligt denna bestämmelse stadgas att den som uppsåtligen hjälper en utlänning att olovligen komma in i eller passera genom Sverige döms för människosmuggling. I förarbeten har dock framhållits att ideell verksamhet som endast syftar till att hjälpa någon till Sverige som omedelbart vid ankomsten har för avsikt att söka asyl undantas från det straffbara området. Detta har kommit att kallas det humanitära undantaget.

Mot bakgrund av den pågående flyktingkrisen har en ökning av misstänkta fall av människosmuggling rapporterats och oklarheter har uppstått avseende... (More)
Denna framställning behandlar förekomsten och den eventuella omfattningen av ett humanitärt undantag till människosmugglingsbestämmelsen i 20 kap. 8 § utlänningslagen (2005:716). Enligt denna bestämmelse stadgas att den som uppsåtligen hjälper en utlänning att olovligen komma in i eller passera genom Sverige döms för människosmuggling. I förarbeten har dock framhållits att ideell verksamhet som endast syftar till att hjälpa någon till Sverige som omedelbart vid ankomsten har för avsikt att söka asyl undantas från det straffbara området. Detta har kommit att kallas det humanitära undantaget.

Mot bakgrund av den pågående flyktingkrisen har en ökning av misstänkta fall av människosmuggling rapporterats och oklarheter har uppstått avseende förekomsten och den eventuella tillämpningen av det humanitära undantaget.

I framställningen finnes att det förvisso förekommer ett humanitärt undantag i svensk rätt, men inte i den omfattning som kommit till uttryck i förarbetena. Det anses klarlagt att ett humanitärt undantag förekommer för den som kommer till Sverige via en yttre gräns. Omfattningen av det humanitära undantaget när en utlänning kommer till Sverige via en inre gräns är dock desto oklarare.

Framställningen undersöker även huruvida människosmuggling enligt den ovannämnda bestämmelsen kan rättfärdigas utifrån ansvarsfrihetsgrunderna nöd och social adekvans för det fall det humanitära undantaget inte skulle finnas vara tillämpligt.

I framställningen finnes att den som uppsåtligen hjälper en utlänning att olovligen komma in i Sverige för att vid ankomsten söka om asyl inte kan gå fri från ansvar med hänvisning till nöd då utlänningen inte kan anses befinna sig i en sådan nödsituation som avses i 24 kap. 4 § brottsbalken (1962:700). Däremot anses ett utrymme föreligga att medge ansvarsfrihet med hänvisning till den oskrivna ansvarsfrihetsregeln social adekvans i den mån detta inte kan uppnås med hänvisning till det humanitära undantaget. (Less)
Abstract
This thesis explores the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception to the human smuggling provision in Chapter 20 § 8 of the Aliens Act (2005:716). Under this provision a person who intentionally assists an alien to enter, or transit across, Swedish territory in breach of the law is sentenced to human smuggling. However, in the legislative history it has been stated that actions aiming to provide humanitarian assistance to a person who immediately upon arrival intends to seek asylum is exempt from the scope of the provision. This has come to be known as the humanitarian exception.

In light of the ongoing refugee crisis there has been an increase in reported cases of suspected human smuggling and uncertainty regarding the... (More)
This thesis explores the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception to the human smuggling provision in Chapter 20 § 8 of the Aliens Act (2005:716). Under this provision a person who intentionally assists an alien to enter, or transit across, Swedish territory in breach of the law is sentenced to human smuggling. However, in the legislative history it has been stated that actions aiming to provide humanitarian assistance to a person who immediately upon arrival intends to seek asylum is exempt from the scope of the provision. This has come to be known as the humanitarian exception.

In light of the ongoing refugee crisis there has been an increase in reported cases of suspected human smuggling and uncertainty regarding the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception has arisen.

This thesis finds that a humanitarian exception indeed does exist in Swedish law, however not to the extent that has been stated in the legislative history. It is considered to be clear that a humanitarian exception exists for those who enter Sweden via an external border. However, the scope of the humanitarian exception when an alien enters the country through an internal border is more uncertain.

Furthermore this thesis explores the possibilities of justifying and excluding criminal responsibility for human smuggling under the provision on the basis of the criminal defenses of necessity and, what in the Swedish jurisprudence has come to be known as, social adequacy, in those cases the humanitarian exception is found not to be applicable.

This thesis finds that a person who intentionally assists a foreigner to illegally enter Sweden to seek asylum upon arrival cannot be excluded from criminal liability on the basis of the criminal defense of necessity as an alien cannot be considered to be in such a state of distress that is intended in Chapter 24 § 4 of the Penal Code (1962:700). However, it is found that such actions might be justified on the basis of social adequacy, to the extent that exclusion of criminal liability cannot be achieved with reference to the humanitarian exception. (Less)
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author
Kovacevic, Sanja LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Human smuggling defenses − About the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception to the human smuggling provision in Chapter 20 § 8 of the Aliens Act
course
LAGM01 20161
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
människosmuggling, utlänningslagen, straffrätt (en. criminal law), humanitärt undantag, ansvarsfrihet, nöd, social adekvans
language
Swedish
id
8874415
date added to LUP
2016-06-10 15:01:25
date last changed
2016-06-10 15:01:25
@misc{8874415,
  abstract     = {{This thesis explores the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception to the human smuggling provision in Chapter 20 § 8 of the Aliens Act (2005:716). Under this provision a person who intentionally assists an alien to enter, or transit across, Swedish territory in breach of the law is sentenced to human smuggling. However, in the legislative history it has been stated that actions aiming to provide humanitarian assistance to a person who immediately upon arrival intends to seek asylum is exempt from the scope of the provision. This has come to be known as the humanitarian exception.

In light of the ongoing refugee crisis there has been an increase in reported cases of suspected human smuggling and uncertainty regarding the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception has arisen. 

This thesis finds that a humanitarian exception indeed does exist in Swedish law, however not to the extent that has been stated in the legislative history. It is considered to be clear that a humanitarian exception exists for those who enter Sweden via an external border. However, the scope of the humanitarian exception when an alien enters the country through an internal border is more uncertain.

Furthermore this thesis explores the possibilities of justifying and excluding criminal responsibility for human smuggling under the provision on the basis of the criminal defenses of necessity and, what in the Swedish jurisprudence has come to be known as, social adequacy, in those cases the humanitarian exception is found not to be applicable.

This thesis finds that a person who intentionally assists a foreigner to illegally enter Sweden to seek asylum upon arrival cannot be excluded from criminal liability on the basis of the criminal defense of necessity as an alien cannot be considered to be in such a state of distress that is intended in Chapter 24 § 4 of the Penal Code (1962:700). However, it is found that such actions might be justified on the basis of social adequacy, to the extent that exclusion of criminal liability cannot be achieved with reference to the humanitarian exception.}},
  author       = {{Kovacevic, Sanja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ansvarsfrihet vid människosmuggling − Om förekomsten och den eventuella omfattningen av ett humanitärt undantag till 20 kap. 8 § utlänningslagen}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}