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Tillräckligt kränkt? - En studie av särskilt utsatta yrkesgruppers rätt till kränkningsersättning

Robertson Hållenius, Elin LU (2017) LAGF03 20171
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Kränkningsersättning är ett rent ideellt skadestånd. Syftet med ersättningen är att kompensera de momentana känslor som uppstått hos den skadelidande när denne utsatts för ett angrepp mot den personliga integriteten. Det är skadan som ersätts och denna skada bestäms utifrån ett antal objektiva kriterier. För att kränkningsersättning ska utgå enligt 2 kap. 3 § SkL krävs det att det har begåtts ett brott som kan likställas med ett angrepp mot den skadedrabbades personliga integritet. Det krävs också att angreppet bedöms vara en allvarlig kränkning. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkar om ett angrepp ska anses vara tillräckligt allvarligt för att ersättning ska utgå. Det kan till exempel bero på vilken brottslig gärning som den skadelidande... (More)
Kränkningsersättning är ett rent ideellt skadestånd. Syftet med ersättningen är att kompensera de momentana känslor som uppstått hos den skadelidande när denne utsatts för ett angrepp mot den personliga integriteten. Det är skadan som ersätts och denna skada bestäms utifrån ett antal objektiva kriterier. För att kränkningsersättning ska utgå enligt 2 kap. 3 § SkL krävs det att det har begåtts ett brott som kan likställas med ett angrepp mot den skadedrabbades personliga integritet. Det krävs också att angreppet bedöms vara en allvarlig kränkning. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkar om ett angrepp ska anses vara tillräckligt allvarligt för att ersättning ska utgå. Det kan till exempel bero på vilken brottslig gärning som den skadelidande utsatts för eller vem brottsoffret är. En egenskap hos brottsoffret som kan påverka bedömningen är om denne tillhör en särskilt utsatt yrkesgrupp.

Särskilt utsatta yrkesgrupper är sådana som lider en förhöjd risk att utsättas för våld och kränkningar i tjänsten. Exempel på detta är poliser, ordningsvakter, kriminalvårdare och vissa anställda inom den psykiatriska vården. Anställda inom dessa yrkeskategorier har en begränsad möjlighet att få kränkningsersättning enligt 2 kap. 3 § SkL. Denna begränsade möjlighet motiveras av det faktum att eftersom dessa yrkesinnehavare lider en större risk att utsättas för kränkande angrepp får de därmed antas ha en större mental beredskap inför detta än allmänheten. Detta gör så att kränkningsersättning inte kan utgå vid varje angrepp som de utsätts för.

Praxis verkar tyda på att det finns vissa faktorer som är särskilt betydelsefulla när domstolen ska bedöma om kränkningsersättning ska utgå till de särskilt utsatta yrkesgrupperna. Man tittar på om den skadelidande utsatts för den kränkande gärningen i samband med en ingripandesituation samt vad det är för slags gärning man utsatts för. Om en kränkning ska anses tillräckligt allvarlig för att ersättning ska utgå beror på de relevanta omständigheterna i det enskilda fallet. (Less)
Abstract
Damages for a violation against the personal integrity are purely immaterial damages. The purpose of the damages is to compensate the temporary emotions which has arisen within the injured party during the attack on his or hers personal integrity. The victim is being compensated for the damage he or she has suffered due to the attack and the damage itself is determined by a number of objective criteria. In order for the damages to be granted it’s required that there has been a crime, which can have parity with an attack against the victims personal integrity. It’s also required that the attack be assessed as a serious violation. There are different factors that can affect if the violation is going to be assessed as sufficiently severe. For... (More)
Damages for a violation against the personal integrity are purely immaterial damages. The purpose of the damages is to compensate the temporary emotions which has arisen within the injured party during the attack on his or hers personal integrity. The victim is being compensated for the damage he or she has suffered due to the attack and the damage itself is determined by a number of objective criteria. In order for the damages to be granted it’s required that there has been a crime, which can have parity with an attack against the victims personal integrity. It’s also required that the attack be assessed as a serious violation. There are different factors that can affect if the violation is going to be assessed as sufficiently severe. For example which kind of criminal act the victim has been subjected to or who the victim is. One attribute within the victim that is especially relevant is if it’s a person that belongs to an especially exposed occupational group.

Especially exposed occupational groups are those, which suffer an additional risk to be exposed to violence or other violations against their personal integrity whilst performing their duties. Occupational groups considered as especially exposed are for example police officers, security guards, prison officers and some employees within psychiatric care. Employees within these job types have a limited opportunity to receive damages. This is being motivated by the fact that these people are considered to possess a greater mental readiness when it comes to facing violence than other people.

Jurisprudence seems to indicate that there are certain factors that are especially important when the court is to decide if damages are to be granted to people within the especially exposed occupational groups. It is significant if the violence occurs during some sort of intervention. It also matters which kind of violence that occurs. It all comes down to the relevant circumstances of the specific case, if damages are to be granted. (Less)
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author
Robertson Hållenius, Elin LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20171
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Skadeståndsrätt
language
Swedish
id
8908199
date added to LUP
2017-06-29 16:01:37
date last changed
2017-06-29 16:01:37
@misc{8908199,
  abstract     = {{Damages for a violation against the personal integrity are purely immaterial damages. The purpose of the damages is to compensate the temporary emotions which has arisen within the injured party during the attack on his or hers personal integrity. The victim is being compensated for the damage he or she has suffered due to the attack and the damage itself is determined by a number of objective criteria. In order for the damages to be granted it’s required that there has been a crime, which can have parity with an attack against the victims personal integrity. It’s also required that the attack be assessed as a serious violation. There are different factors that can affect if the violation is going to be assessed as sufficiently severe. For example which kind of criminal act the victim has been subjected to or who the victim is. One attribute within the victim that is especially relevant is if it’s a person that belongs to an especially exposed occupational group.

Especially exposed occupational groups are those, which suffer an additional risk to be exposed to violence or other violations against their personal integrity whilst performing their duties. Occupational groups considered as especially exposed are for example police officers, security guards, prison officers and some employees within psychiatric care. Employees within these job types have a limited opportunity to receive damages. This is being motivated by the fact that these people are considered to possess a greater mental readiness when it comes to facing violence than other people. 

Jurisprudence seems to indicate that there are certain factors that are especially important when the court is to decide if damages are to be granted to people within the especially exposed occupational groups. It is significant if the violence occurs during some sort of intervention. It also matters which kind of violence that occurs. It all comes down to the relevant circumstances of the specific case, if damages are to be granted.}},
  author       = {{Robertson Hållenius, Elin}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Tillräckligt kränkt? - En studie av särskilt utsatta yrkesgruppers rätt till kränkningsersättning}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}