En grön rättighet eller grönare rättigheter? – En undersökning av människoskyddet med avseende på miljöfaktorer inom ramen för EKMR
(2017) LAGF03 20171Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- The environment and climate change as well as human rights have both been international concerns for a long time. Lately there has arisen a discussion about the connection between these two. The discussion has above all been about the impact that the environment has on humans. Pollution, natural disasters, industrial emissions, etc. are factors that can contribute to the violation of human rights. This problem has been handled differently internationally, regionally and nationally. One alternative is to create a new – green – right to a healthy or good environment in a new or existing rights catalog. There are a few examples of this being done. Another way is to indirectly bring in an environmental right by using existing human rights.... (More)
- The environment and climate change as well as human rights have both been international concerns for a long time. Lately there has arisen a discussion about the connection between these two. The discussion has above all been about the impact that the environment has on humans. Pollution, natural disasters, industrial emissions, etc. are factors that can contribute to the violation of human rights. This problem has been handled differently internationally, regionally and nationally. One alternative is to create a new – green – right to a healthy or good environment in a new or existing rights catalog. There are a few examples of this being done. Another way is to indirectly bring in an environmental right by using existing human rights. This has been called the greening of human rights.
The focus of this work is the European Court of Human Rights, the court, and the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, ECHR. In the ECHR there is no direct environmental right. Instead an indirect environmental right has been developed through the case law of the court. The Committee of Ministers have, despite the protection that thereby has been developed, received recommendations for including a direct environmental right in the ECHR. The Committee of Ministers have not followed these recommendations.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine if a direct substantive environmental rights would improve the protection for people in Europe, and if such a right should be introduced in the ECHR. This is done by, among other things, looking at a case from the African Commission where a direct environmental right is used, and studying some of the arguments that have been made in the discussion about environmental rights. A review of the case law of the court is also done to see if the protection against violations with an environmental aspect is satisfying.
In the analysis, I do a comparison where I see if the situations that, in the case law of the court was seen to fall outside the protection, would be protected if the ECHR included a direct substantive environmental right. By looking at the arguments in the paper I also discuss if a direct substantive environmental right has a place in the ECHR.
Finally, I conclude that a direct substantive environmental right would probably lead to a slight improvement of the protection of the people in Europe looking at violations with an environmental aspect. I can also conclude that an environmental right does have a place in the ECHR. It would also be an important statement for Europe that they are taking the environmental threat and its impact on humans seriously. The thesis conclusion is consequently that a direct substantive environmental right should be included in the ECHR. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Miljö och klimatförändringar samt mänskliga rättigheter har länge varit uppe på den internationella agendan. På senare tid har det även uppkommit en diskussion om kopplingen mellan dessa två, framförallt om hur miljöfaktorer påverkar människor. Genom föroreningar, naturkatastrofer, industriutsläpp, med mera, kan olika miljöfaktorer bidra till en kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter. Detta har internationellt, regionalt och nationellt bemötts på olika sätt. Ett alternativ är att ta in en direkt rättighet till en hälsosam eller god miljö – en grön rättighet – i en ny eller befintlig rättighetskatalog, och det finns ett fåtal exempel då detta gjorts. Ett annat tillvägagångssätt är att indirekt ta in en miljörättighet genom att använda... (More)
- Miljö och klimatförändringar samt mänskliga rättigheter har länge varit uppe på den internationella agendan. På senare tid har det även uppkommit en diskussion om kopplingen mellan dessa två, framförallt om hur miljöfaktorer påverkar människor. Genom föroreningar, naturkatastrofer, industriutsläpp, med mera, kan olika miljöfaktorer bidra till en kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter. Detta har internationellt, regionalt och nationellt bemötts på olika sätt. Ett alternativ är att ta in en direkt rättighet till en hälsosam eller god miljö – en grön rättighet – i en ny eller befintlig rättighetskatalog, och det finns ett fåtal exempel då detta gjorts. Ett annat tillvägagångssätt är att indirekt ta in en miljörättighet genom att använda befintliga rättigheter för att hantera kränkningar med en miljöaspekt – göra rättigheter grönare.
Uppsatsens fokus är Europadomstolen och EKMR. I EKMR finns ingen direkt miljörättighet, utan istället har en indirekt miljörättighet utvecklats genom Europadomstolens praxis. Trots det skydd som därmed utvecklats har Europarådets ministerkommitté rekommenderats att ta in en direkt miljörättighet i EKMR. Ministerkommittén har inte följt rekommendationerna.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida en direkt materiell miljörättighet hade förbättrat skyddet för människor i Europa, samt om en sådan rättighet bör införas i EKMR. Detta undersöks bland annat genom att titta på ett rättsfall från Afrikanska kommissionen där en direkt miljörättighet använts, samt se på några av de argument som uppkommit i diskussionen om miljörättigheter. En genomgång görs också av Europadomstolens praxis för att se om skyddet för kränkningar med miljöaspekter är tillfredställande.
I analysen görs en jämförelse där jag undersöker om de situationer som, i genomgången av Europadomstolens praxis, sågs falla utanför skyddet, skulle falla innanför skyddet om EKMR hade innehållit en direkt materiell miljörättighet. Jag diskuterar även om en direkt materiell miljörättighet platsar i EKMR genom att titta på de argument som framkommit genom uppsatsen.
Avslutningsvis kommer jag fram till att en direkt materiell miljörättighet antagligen skulle leda till en viss förbättring av skyddet för människor i Europa med avseende på kränkningar med miljöaspekt. Jag drar även slutsatsen att en miljörättighet hade passat bra in i EKMR och att det hade varit ett viktigt ställningstagande för Europa att visa att de tar miljöhotet och dess påverkan på människor på allvar. Uppsatsens slutsats är följaktligen att det borde tas in en direkt materiell miljörättighet i EKMR. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8908259
- author
- Rävås, Sara LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20171
- year
- 2017
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Folkrätt, Miljörätt, Mänskliga rättigheter, Europakonventionen, Europadomstolen, Miljörättigheter, Banjulstadgan
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8908259
- date added to LUP
- 2017-06-29 15:55:59
- date last changed
- 2017-06-29 15:55:59
@misc{8908259,
abstract = {{The environment and climate change as well as human rights have both been international concerns for a long time. Lately there has arisen a discussion about the connection between these two. The discussion has above all been about the impact that the environment has on humans. Pollution, natural disasters, industrial emissions, etc. are factors that can contribute to the violation of human rights. This problem has been handled differently internationally, regionally and nationally. One alternative is to create a new – green – right to a healthy or good environment in a new or existing rights catalog. There are a few examples of this being done. Another way is to indirectly bring in an environmental right by using existing human rights. This has been called the greening of human rights.
The focus of this work is the European Court of Human Rights, the court, and the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, ECHR. In the ECHR there is no direct environmental right. Instead an indirect environmental right has been developed through the case law of the court. The Committee of Ministers have, despite the protection that thereby has been developed, received recommendations for including a direct environmental right in the ECHR. The Committee of Ministers have not followed these recommendations.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine if a direct substantive environmental rights would improve the protection for people in Europe, and if such a right should be introduced in the ECHR. This is done by, among other things, looking at a case from the African Commission where a direct environmental right is used, and studying some of the arguments that have been made in the discussion about environmental rights. A review of the case law of the court is also done to see if the protection against violations with an environmental aspect is satisfying.
In the analysis, I do a comparison where I see if the situations that, in the case law of the court was seen to fall outside the protection, would be protected if the ECHR included a direct substantive environmental right. By looking at the arguments in the paper I also discuss if a direct substantive environmental right has a place in the ECHR.
Finally, I conclude that a direct substantive environmental right would probably lead to a slight improvement of the protection of the people in Europe looking at violations with an environmental aspect. I can also conclude that an environmental right does have a place in the ECHR. It would also be an important statement for Europe that they are taking the environmental threat and its impact on humans seriously. The thesis conclusion is consequently that a direct substantive environmental right should be included in the ECHR.}},
author = {{Rävås, Sara}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{En grön rättighet eller grönare rättigheter? – En undersökning av människoskyddet med avseende på miljöfaktorer inom ramen för EKMR}},
year = {{2017}},
}