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Frågan om ansvar när automatiserade körningssystem i bilar orsakar olyckor

Lööf, Isak LU (2017) LAGF03 20172
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats behandlar förarens straffrättsliga ansvar vid olyckor som orsakas av automatiserade körningssystem i bilar. De frågor som ställs är hur ansvarsfrågan i fall med automatiserade körningssystem i bilar ska bedömas utifrån gällande rätt och hur frågan kan komma att behandlas i framtiden utifrån utredningar på området. Uppsatsen börjar med en genomgång av den gällande rätt på straffrättens område som kan tänkas vara relevant för fall med automatiserade körningssystem. I denna del klargörs det att det är brott som begås genom oaktsamhet som blir relevanta, inte brott som begås genom uppsåt. Efter detta tillämpas denna gällande rätt på ansvarsfrågan för automatiserade körningssystem i bilar. I denna tillämpning uppmärksammas... (More)
Denna uppsats behandlar förarens straffrättsliga ansvar vid olyckor som orsakas av automatiserade körningssystem i bilar. De frågor som ställs är hur ansvarsfrågan i fall med automatiserade körningssystem i bilar ska bedömas utifrån gällande rätt och hur frågan kan komma att behandlas i framtiden utifrån utredningar på området. Uppsatsen börjar med en genomgång av den gällande rätt på straffrättens område som kan tänkas vara relevant för fall med automatiserade körningssystem. I denna del klargörs det att det är brott som begås genom oaktsamhet som blir relevanta, inte brott som begås genom uppsåt. Efter detta tillämpas denna gällande rätt på ansvarsfrågan för automatiserade körningssystem i bilar. I denna tillämpning uppmärksammas skillnaden på fall där gärningspersonen genom underlåtenhet är oaktsam genom att inte ingripa och ta över körandet från det automatiska körningssystemet för att förhindra en olycka och fall där gärningspersonen genom en handling, att aktivera det automatiska körningssystemet, agerar oaktsamt.

Uppsatsen går sedan vidare till att gå igenom förslag på framtida lösningar av ansvarsfrågan som hämtas från en SOU och en rapport från VTI. SOU:n handlar om testkörningar av fordon med automatiserade körningssystem och presenterar en lösning på ansvarsfrågan när det kommer till testkörningar och kommer fram till att personen som ansökt om tillstånd för testkörningen bär det straffrättsliga ansvaret. Rapporten från VTI presenterar en modell för hur ansvarsfrågan ska behandlas. Denna modell går ut på att så kallade vägtrafikledningscentraler, som kommunicerar med förare av fordon med automatiserade körningssystem, ska etableras i Sverige och deras uppgift är att bestämma om föraren får aktivera det automatiska körningssystemet eller ej efter att de diagnostiserat körningssystemet och kommit fram till att det är säkert att användas. Om personen i vägtrafikledningscentralen beviljar aktiverande av systemet när detta inte borde skett, antingen genom uppsåt eller oaktsamhet, gör personen sig skyldig till ett nytt speciellt brott som föreslås införas som kallas framkallande av fara för trafiksäkerheten.

Uppsatsen fortsätter med en jämförelse av de olika lösningarna på ansvarsfrågan och en diskussion om vissa av de problem som kan uppstå vid tillämpningen av de olika lösningarna.

Uppsatsen avslutas med en återkoppling till frågeställningarna där slutsatsen är att förutsättningarna finns för att bedöma fall där automatiserade körningssystem orsakat olyckor genom gällande rätt på ett godtagbart sätt, men att området är i behov av ny lagstiftning och praxis. (Less)
Abstract
The thesis explores the criminal liability of drivers when accidents are caused by automated driving systems in cars. It examines the question of how the liability in cases concerning automated driving systems should be solved using current applicable Swedish law and how this question may be handled in the future based on research published about automated driving systems. The thesis begins with a summary of current applicable Swedish criminal law that may be considered relevant for cases relating to automated driving systems. This section is concluded with the observation that only crimes committed through carelessness are relevant to the questions examined within the thesis, excluding crimes that are committed with intent. The subsequent... (More)
The thesis explores the criminal liability of drivers when accidents are caused by automated driving systems in cars. It examines the question of how the liability in cases concerning automated driving systems should be solved using current applicable Swedish law and how this question may be handled in the future based on research published about automated driving systems. The thesis begins with a summary of current applicable Swedish criminal law that may be considered relevant for cases relating to automated driving systems. This section is concluded with the observation that only crimes committed through carelessness are relevant to the questions examined within the thesis, excluding crimes that are committed with intent. The subsequent section applies the current applicable law to the question of liability in cases involving automated driving systems. In this section, attention is brought to the differences in cases where the perpetrator by failing to manually intervene and take over the driving system in order to prevent an accident is considered to have acted carelessly, and cases where the perpetrator through the action of activating the automated driving system is considered to have acted carelessly.

The thesis then moves on to evaluate the proposals for future solutions to the liability question analysed in a SOU (Public Report from the Swedish State) and in a report from the VTI (Swedish Institute of Road and Transport Research). The SOU concerns test driving of vehicles using automated driving systems and provides a solution for the liability question related to the test driving. The solution is that the person who applied for the permission to conduct test driving carries the criminal liability. On the other hand, the report from the VTI presents another model for solving the liability question. This model proposes that so-called Road Traffic Centrals, which communicates with drivers of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems, should be established in Sweden, with the task to decide if drivers should be allowed to activate the automatic driving system after diagnosing the driving system and determining the safety of its use. If the person at the Road Traffic Central decides that the driver may activate the automatic driving system when this should not have been allowed the person commits a new special criminal offense that the report proposes should be incorporated in the criminal law. This crime can be committed either through carelessness or intent.

The thesis continues with a comparison of the different solutions to the liability question and a discussion of some of the problems which can arise when applying the different solutions.

The thesis closes with a return to the questions asked in the beginning and the conclusion is that the prerequisites necessary, to judge cases involving accidents caused by automated driving systems, exist to an acceptable degree, but that this area of jurisdiction is in need of new legislation as well as case law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Lööf, Isak LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20172
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Criminal law, Ansvar, Automatiserade körningssystem, Automatiserade körsystem, Självkörande fordon, Självkörande bilar
language
Swedish
id
8930488
date added to LUP
2018-02-06 14:26:37
date last changed
2018-02-06 14:26:37
@misc{8930488,
  abstract     = {{The thesis explores the criminal liability of drivers when accidents are caused by automated driving systems in cars. It examines the question of how the liability in cases concerning automated driving systems should be solved using current applicable Swedish law and how this question may be handled in the future based on research published about automated driving systems. The thesis begins with a summary of current applicable Swedish criminal law that may be considered relevant for cases relating to automated driving systems. This section is concluded with the observation that only crimes committed through carelessness are relevant to the questions examined within the thesis, excluding crimes that are committed with intent. The subsequent section applies the current applicable law to the question of liability in cases involving automated driving systems. In this section, attention is brought to the differences in cases where the perpetrator by failing to manually intervene and take over the driving system in order to prevent an accident is considered to have acted carelessly, and cases where the perpetrator through the action of activating the automated driving system is considered to have acted carelessly.

The thesis then moves on to evaluate the proposals for future solutions to the liability question analysed in a SOU (Public Report from the Swedish State) and in a report from the VTI (Swedish Institute of Road and Transport Research). The SOU concerns test driving of vehicles using automated driving systems and provides a solution for the liability question related to the test driving. The solution is that the person who applied for the permission to conduct test driving carries the criminal liability. On the other hand, the report from the VTI presents another model for solving the liability question. This model proposes that so-called Road Traffic Centrals, which communicates with drivers of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems, should be established in Sweden, with the task to decide if drivers should be allowed to activate the automatic driving system after diagnosing the driving system and determining the safety of its use. If the person at the Road Traffic Central decides that the driver may activate the automatic driving system when this should not have been allowed the person commits a new special criminal offense that the report proposes should be incorporated in the criminal law. This crime can be committed either through carelessness or intent.

The thesis continues with a comparison of the different solutions to the liability question and a discussion of some of the problems which can arise when applying the different solutions.
	
The thesis closes with a return to the questions asked in the beginning and the conclusion is that the prerequisites necessary, to judge cases involving accidents caused by automated driving systems, exist to an acceptable degree, but that this area of jurisdiction is in need of new legislation as well as case law.}},
  author       = {{Lööf, Isak}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Frågan om ansvar när automatiserade körningssystem i bilar orsakar olyckor}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}