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En styrelses agerande under ett uppköpserbjudande: en studie av uppköpserbjudandet i Haldex

Magnusson, Joel LU (2018) JURM02 20181
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen undersöker ur ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt och ett aktiebolagsrättsligt perspektiv hur styrelsen i Haldex Aktiebolag, Haldex, agerade i samband med ett uppköpserbjudande. I samband med uppköpserbjudandet bestämde sig styrelsen efter viss tid att inte längre samarbeta med budgivaren eftersom bolaget led skada i och med uppköpserbjudandet. Det fick budgivaren att kalla till bolagsstämma där en instruktion antogs vilken tvingade styrelsen att samarbeta med budgivaren. Styrelsen valde dock att inte följa instruktionen. Med anledning av instruktionen undersöks tre av styrelsens ageranden. Det första agerandet är om styrelsen agerade korrekt genom att företa åtgärder som ökade bolagets kostnader signifikant. Det andra agerandet är... (More)
Uppsatsen undersöker ur ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt och ett aktiebolagsrättsligt perspektiv hur styrelsen i Haldex Aktiebolag, Haldex, agerade i samband med ett uppköpserbjudande. I samband med uppköpserbjudandet bestämde sig styrelsen efter viss tid att inte längre samarbeta med budgivaren eftersom bolaget led skada i och med uppköpserbjudandet. Det fick budgivaren att kalla till bolagsstämma där en instruktion antogs vilken tvingade styrelsen att samarbeta med budgivaren. Styrelsen valde dock att inte följa instruktionen. Med anledning av instruktionen undersöks tre av styrelsens ageranden. Det första agerandet är om styrelsen agerade korrekt genom att företa åtgärder som ökade bolagets kostnader signifikant. Det andra agerandet är styrelsens agerande att inte bistå budgivaren vid myndighetsansökningar och att inte samarbeta med behöriga konkurrensmyndigheter mer än vad som följer av lag. Det tredje och sista agerandet är att inte i övrigt samarbeta med budgivaren, vilket bolagsstämmans instruktion fastslår att styrelsen ska göra.

Initialt i uppsatsens aktiemarknadsrättsliga del undersöks om något av agerandena utgör en otillåten försvarsåtgärd. En otillåten försvarsåtgärd är en åtgärd ämnad att försämra förutsättningarna för budets genomförande. Enbart bolagets ökning av kostnader utgör eventuellt en otillåten försvarsåtgärd, övriga ageranden utgör inte otillåtna försvarsåtgärder. Vidare undersöks hur styrelsens agerande att inte lyda Instruktionen förhåller sig till II.17 takeover- reglerna vilken fastslår att styrelsen ska agera i aktieägarnas intresse. I doktrin tolkas det som att aktieägarvärdet ska maximeras. Slutsatsen dras att det är vederlaget i erbjudandehandlingen som ska beaktas och inte börskursen eftersom alla kan tillgodogöra sig vederlaget i erbjudandehandlingen. Då budet ändå skulle falla agerade styrelsen således korrekt.

I uppsatsens aktiebolagsrättsliga del analyseras om instruktionen från bolagsstämman uppenbart strider mot bolagets intresse och därför inte får följas. Bolagets intresse är aktieägarnas intresse vilket, i ett aktiemarknadsbolag, är aktieägarnas hypotetiska gemensamma intresse. Det hypotetiska gemensamma intresse är att bolaget ska växa eftersom aktiekursen inte alltid återspeglar bolagets värde. Instruktionen utfärdad av bolagsstämman är uppenbart i strid med bolagets intresse eftersom den skadar bolaget. Således har styrelsen aktiebolagsrättsligt stöd för att inte följa instruktionen.

En annan grund för styrelsen att inte följa instruktionen från bolagsstämman är 8 kap. 41 § Aktiebolagslag (2005:551), ABL. I första stycket, samt i 7 kap. 47 § ABL, återfinns generalklausulerna och i andra stycket återfinns en lagregel som stipulerar att en instruktion från en bolagsstämma inte får följas om den strider mot ABL, bolagsordningen eller tillämplig lag om årsredovisning. Ett lagrum i ABL som instruktionen kan strida emot och som ofta blandas ihop med generalklausulen är likhetsprincipen. Likhetsprincipens innebörd och om den berör aktiernas eller aktieägarnas ställning i bolaget är dock omdiskuterat i doktrin. Mot bakgrund av ett EU- direktiv dras slutsatsen att likhetsprincipen omfattar aktieägarnas ställning. Instruktionen från bolagsstämman strider då mot likhetsprincipen eftersom den enbart pekar ut en aktieägare som styrelsen i Haldex ska samarbeta med. Vidare strider instruktionen mot ABL:s vinstsyfte. Vinstsyftets innebörd analyseras mot bakgrund av förarbeten och doktrin. Enligt doktrin ska en diskonteringsberäkning företas för att avgöra om åtgärden är förenlig med vinstsyftet. Om åtgärden inte går att diskonteringsberäkna är den avgörande faktorn istället om åtgärden är värdeskapande på lång sikt. Bolagsstämmans instruktion är även i strid med vinstsyftet varför den inte får följas även på denna grund.

Slutligen analyseras generalklausulernas innebörd och om bolagsstämmans instruktion strider mot klausulerna. En åtgärd får, enligt klausulerna, inte genomföras om åtgärden är en otillbörlig fördel för en aktieägare eller någon annan, till nackdel för bolaget eller någon annan aktieägare. Instruktionen från bolagsstämman är en otillbörlig fördel för budgivaren, till nackdel för bolaget. Således har styrelsen fog för sin åsikt att den inte ska följa stämmans instruktion. Sammanfattningsvis dras slutsatsen att styrelsen i det största mån har agerat korrekt. Det kan dock ifrågasättas om de höga kostnaderna utgör en otillåten försvarsåtgärd. (Less)
Abstract
This essay explores, from a securities law and company law perspective, how the board of Haldex Aktiebolag, Haldex, acted in connection with a public offer. In connection with the public offer, after a certain time, the board of directors decided not to cooperate with the bidder because the company suffered damage due to the public offer. The board’s new attitude towards the public offer made the bidder summon a general meeting where an instruction was adopted, by which the board was forced to cooperate with the bidder. However, the board chose not to follow the general meeting’s instruction. In light of the above, this essay investigates three of the actions taken by the board in connection with the instruction. The first action is... (More)
This essay explores, from a securities law and company law perspective, how the board of Haldex Aktiebolag, Haldex, acted in connection with a public offer. In connection with the public offer, after a certain time, the board of directors decided not to cooperate with the bidder because the company suffered damage due to the public offer. The board’s new attitude towards the public offer made the bidder summon a general meeting where an instruction was adopted, by which the board was forced to cooperate with the bidder. However, the board chose not to follow the general meeting’s instruction. In light of the above, this essay investigates three of the actions taken by the board in connection with the instruction. The first action is whether the board has acted properly by taking measures that significantly increased the company’s cost. The second act is the board’s action not to assist the bidder, more than required by law, with applications to the authorized competition authority. The third act is to not cooperate with the bidder which the general meeting’s instruction states that the board should do.
Initially, the essay’s securities law’s section investigates if any of the actions constitutes an unauthorized defensive measure. An unauthorized defensive measure is a measure intended to deteriorate the conditions for the completion of the offer. Only the company’s increased costs may constitute an unauthorized defensive measure, the other acts do not constitute an unauthorized defensive measure. Furthermore, it is investigated how the board’s action not to comply with the instruction relates to II.17 of the takeover rules, which states that the board should act in the interests of the shareholders. In doctrine, this is interpreted as that the board should maximize the shareholder value. The conclusion is drawn that a maximized shareholder value is the consideration in the public offer and not the quoted stock price. This is due to the fact that everyone can make use of the consideration in the offer document. This means that the board acted correctly in connection with the public offer.
The essay’s company law section analyzes whether or not the instruction from the general meeting clearly violates the company’s interest, and may therefore not be followed. The company’s interest is the shareholders’ interest which, in a company whose share are quoted on a stock market, is the common hypothetical interest of the shareholders. This common hypothetical interest is that the company itself shall grow since the stock price does not always reflect the company’s value. The instruction issued by the general meeting is clearly contrary to the company’s interest as it is
1
damaging to the company. Thus, the board has, from a company law perspective, acted correctly not to follow the instruction from the general meeting.
Another reason for the board not to follow the instruction from the general meeting is chapter 8 section 41 of the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551). The first paragraph, as well as in chapter 7 paragraph 47, contains the general clause and in the second paragraph there is a rule stipulating that an instruction from a general meeting may not be followed if it violates any rule of the Swedish Companies Act, the articles of association or the applicable rules regarding the annual report. A section of law which the instruction may contradict and which is often mixed up with the general clause is the principle of equality. However, the meaning of the equality principle and whether it concerns the shareholders’ or the shares’ rights in the company are discussed in doctrine. In the light of an EU directive, it is concluded that the principle of equality does covers the shareholders’ rights in the company. The instruction from the general meeting is therefore contrary to the principle of equality, as it merely refers to one shareholder with which the board of directors shall cooperate. Furthermore, the instruction is contrary to the Swedish Companies Act’s profit making- purpose. According to doctrine, a discounting calculation shall be made to determine whether the measure is consistent with the profit making-purpose. If the measure cannot be calculated, the deciding factor is instead if the measure is value creating in the long run. The general meeting’s instruction is also contrary to the profit making-purpose and may therefore not be followed.
Finally, the meaning of the general clauses and if the general meeting’s instruction is contrary to the clauses are analyzed. According to the general clauses, an action may not be implemented if the measure is an undue advantage for a shareholder or someone else, to disadvantage for the company or any other shareholder. The instruction from the general meeting is an undue advantage for the bidder, to the disadvantage of the company. Thus, the board has backing by the general clauses for its decision not to follow the instruction of the general meeting. In conclusion, it is concluded that the board has acted correct to the highest extent. However, it can be questioned if the high cost constitutes an unauthorized defensive measure. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Magnusson, Joel LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
A board's actions during a public offer: a study of the public offer in Haldex
course
JURM02 20181
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Offentligt uppköpserbjudande, lojalitetsplikt, lydnadsplikt, aktieägares intresse, bolagets intresse, associationsrätt, rättsekonomi, aktiemarknad, aktiemarknadsrätt, Haldex, TO-regler, takeover-regler, Aktiemarknadsnämnden, AMN
language
Swedish
id
8940305
date added to LUP
2018-06-15 10:39:40
date last changed
2018-06-15 10:39:40
@misc{8940305,
  abstract     = {{This essay explores, from a securities law and company law perspective, how the board of Haldex Aktiebolag, Haldex, acted in connection with a public offer. In connection with the public offer, after a certain time, the board of directors decided not to cooperate with the bidder because the company suffered damage due to the public offer. The board’s new attitude towards the public offer made the bidder summon a general meeting where an instruction was adopted, by which the board was forced to cooperate with the bidder. However, the board chose not to follow the general meeting’s instruction. In light of the above, this essay investigates three of the actions taken by the board in connection with the instruction. The first action is whether the board has acted properly by taking measures that significantly increased the company’s cost. The second act is the board’s action not to assist the bidder, more than required by law, with applications to the authorized competition authority. The third act is to not cooperate with the bidder which the general meeting’s instruction states that the board should do.
Initially, the essay’s securities law’s section investigates if any of the actions constitutes an unauthorized defensive measure. An unauthorized defensive measure is a measure intended to deteriorate the conditions for the completion of the offer. Only the company’s increased costs may constitute an unauthorized defensive measure, the other acts do not constitute an unauthorized defensive measure. Furthermore, it is investigated how the board’s action not to comply with the instruction relates to II.17 of the takeover rules, which states that the board should act in the interests of the shareholders. In doctrine, this is interpreted as that the board should maximize the shareholder value. The conclusion is drawn that a maximized shareholder value is the consideration in the public offer and not the quoted stock price. This is due to the fact that everyone can make use of the consideration in the offer document. This means that the board acted correctly in connection with the public offer.
The essay’s company law section analyzes whether or not the instruction from the general meeting clearly violates the company’s interest, and may therefore not be followed. The company’s interest is the shareholders’ interest which, in a company whose share are quoted on a stock market, is the common hypothetical interest of the shareholders. This common hypothetical interest is that the company itself shall grow since the stock price does not always reflect the company’s value. The instruction issued by the general meeting is clearly contrary to the company’s interest as it is
1
damaging to the company. Thus, the board has, from a company law perspective, acted correctly not to follow the instruction from the general meeting.
Another reason for the board not to follow the instruction from the general meeting is chapter 8 section 41 of the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551). The first paragraph, as well as in chapter 7 paragraph 47, contains the general clause and in the second paragraph there is a rule stipulating that an instruction from a general meeting may not be followed if it violates any rule of the Swedish Companies Act, the articles of association or the applicable rules regarding the annual report. A section of law which the instruction may contradict and which is often mixed up with the general clause is the principle of equality. However, the meaning of the equality principle and whether it concerns the shareholders’ or the shares’ rights in the company are discussed in doctrine. In the light of an EU directive, it is concluded that the principle of equality does covers the shareholders’ rights in the company. The instruction from the general meeting is therefore contrary to the principle of equality, as it merely refers to one shareholder with which the board of directors shall cooperate. Furthermore, the instruction is contrary to the Swedish Companies Act’s profit making- purpose. According to doctrine, a discounting calculation shall be made to determine whether the measure is consistent with the profit making-purpose. If the measure cannot be calculated, the deciding factor is instead if the measure is value creating in the long run. The general meeting’s instruction is also contrary to the profit making-purpose and may therefore not be followed.
Finally, the meaning of the general clauses and if the general meeting’s instruction is contrary to the clauses are analyzed. According to the general clauses, an action may not be implemented if the measure is an undue advantage for a shareholder or someone else, to disadvantage for the company or any other shareholder. The instruction from the general meeting is an undue advantage for the bidder, to the disadvantage of the company. Thus, the board has backing by the general clauses for its decision not to follow the instruction of the general meeting. In conclusion, it is concluded that the board has acted correct to the highest extent. However, it can be questioned if the high cost constitutes an unauthorized defensive measure.}},
  author       = {{Magnusson, Joel}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{En styrelses agerande under ett uppköpserbjudande: en studie av uppköpserbjudandet i Haldex}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}