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Våld mot kvinnor och deras husdjur - En undersökning av om djurplågeribrott bör kunna beaktas inom ramen för fridskränkningsbrotten

Ahlqvist, Julia LU (2018) JURM02 20181
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Bestämmelsen om grov fridskränkning och grov kvinnofridskränkning infördes år 1998 i 4 kap. 4 a § brottsbalken som ett led i samhällets åtgärder för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor. Under senare år har framförts åsikter om att fridskränkningsbrottet bortser från en viktig dimension, nämligen det våld som utförs mot husdjur i syfte att skada det mänskliga brottsoffret. Enligt forskning begås sådant våld bl.a. för att kontrollera och isolera brottsoffret. I remissvar och motioner har föreslagits att djurplågeribrott bör införas i fridskränkningsbrotten. Lagstiftaren har dock avslagit förslaget, huvudsakligen med hänsyn till att brottet skyddar djurets, och inte ägarens, intresse.

Denna uppsats ämnar fortsätta denna diskussion. Syftet... (More)
Bestämmelsen om grov fridskränkning och grov kvinnofridskränkning infördes år 1998 i 4 kap. 4 a § brottsbalken som ett led i samhällets åtgärder för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor. Under senare år har framförts åsikter om att fridskränkningsbrottet bortser från en viktig dimension, nämligen det våld som utförs mot husdjur i syfte att skada det mänskliga brottsoffret. Enligt forskning begås sådant våld bl.a. för att kontrollera och isolera brottsoffret. I remissvar och motioner har föreslagits att djurplågeribrott bör införas i fridskränkningsbrotten. Lagstiftaren har dock avslagit förslaget, huvudsakligen med hänsyn till att brottet skyddar djurets, och inte ägarens, intresse.

Denna uppsats ämnar fortsätta denna diskussion. Syftet är att utreda om djurplågeribrottet bör kunna beaktas inom ramen för fridskränkningsbrottet. Frågor som behandlas i uppsatsen är om det finns ett samband mellan våld i nära relationer och våld mot husdjur, om våld mot husdjur utgör en allvarlig kränkning av brottsoffrets personliga integritet och om ett införande av djurplågeri i fridskränkningsbrotten är förenligt med principerna om godtagbar kriminalisering. Undersökningen genomförs utifrån en rättsdogmatisk och en rättssociologisk metod.

I uppsatsen konstateras att mycket tyder på att det föreligger ett samband mellan våld mot husdjur och våld i nära relationer. Studier har påvisat att ungefär hälften av de kvinnor som sökt hjälp hos kvinnojourer har varit med om att även deras husdjur utsatts för våld. Sådant våld var 11 gånger vanligare i relationer där misshandel förekom jämfört med i icke-våldsamma relationer.

De gärningar som enligt lagstiftaren bör omfattas av fridskränkningsbrotten är sådana som typiskt sett utgör angrepp på den personliga integriteten. I uppsatsen argumenteras för att våld mot husdjur kan utgöra ett sådant angrepp. Detta motiveras bl.a. med att våld mot husdjur kan ingå som ett led i en systematisk kränkning och att även det mänskliga brottsoffret skadas av sådant våld.

För att kriminalisering ska anses godtagbar krävs bl.a. att det kriminaliserade beteendet medför skada på ett relevant skyddsintresse. Eftersom våld mot husdjur skadar även det mänskliga brottsoffret anses ett införande av djurplågeri i fridskränkningsbrotten förenligt med principerna om godtagbar kriminalisering.

Uppsatsens övergripande syfte besvaras med att djurplågeri bör kunna beaktas inom ramen för fridskränkningsbrotten. Detta förutsätter dock att lagstiftarens syn på vilket intresse som skyddas genom djurplågeribrottet utmanas, exempelvis genom ytterligare forskning på husdjursvåldets effekter för det mänskliga brottsoffret. (Less)
Abstract
The penalty clause about gross violation of integrity and gross violation of a woman’s integrity was introduced in Swedish law in 1998 as a means to combat domestic violence. Although, in recent time it has been suggested that the penalty clause disregards an important dimension, namely the violence against pets that is performed in order to hurt the human victim of crime. Research has shown that violence against pets is used to control and isolate the victim. In consultation reports and motions, ideas have been raised that animal cruelty should be included in the penalty clause about gross violation of a woman’s integrity. However, the legislator has denied this, mainly because the crime protects the interest of the animal, and not its... (More)
The penalty clause about gross violation of integrity and gross violation of a woman’s integrity was introduced in Swedish law in 1998 as a means to combat domestic violence. Although, in recent time it has been suggested that the penalty clause disregards an important dimension, namely the violence against pets that is performed in order to hurt the human victim of crime. Research has shown that violence against pets is used to control and isolate the victim. In consultation reports and motions, ideas have been raised that animal cruelty should be included in the penalty clause about gross violation of a woman’s integrity. However, the legislator has denied this, mainly because the crime protects the interest of the animal, and not its owner.

This essay aims to continue this discussion in order to examine whether animal cruelty could be considered within the penalty clause about gross violation of integrity. At the centre of the discussion are questions about if there is a connection between violence against pets and domestic violence, if violence against pets is a severe violation of the victim’s integrity and whether animal cruelty can be considered within the integrity crime according to principles of acceptable criminalisation. The essay uses a legal dogmatic method and a legal sociology method.

The essay states that a lot of evidence suggests a correlation between violence against pets and domestic violence. Studies have shown that approximately half of the women who has sought help at shelters has experienced that their pets have been subjected to violence. Such violence was 11 times more common in relationships where domestic violence occurred, compared to in non-violent relationships. It is also stated that pet abuse can pose an attack on the victim’s integrity. This is because violence against pets can be a part of a systematic violation of a person’s integrity and that also the human victim is being hurt when the pet is hurt.

In order for criminalisation to be acceptable, the criminalized act must induce harm on a relevant interest. Research shows that violence against pets can be part of a violation of a person’s integrity. Animal cruelty is therefore considered to be compatible with the principles of acceptable criminalization.

The conclusion is that animal cruelty could be considered within the integrity crimes. Although, this presupposes that the legislator’s view on which interest that is protected through the animal cruelty crime is challenged. This can be achieved, for instance, by more research on the effects that pet abuse have on a human victim of crime. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Ahlqvist, Julia LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Violence against women and their pets - A study of whether animal cruelty should be considered within the penalty clause about gross violation of integrity and gross violation of a woman’s integrity
course
JURM02 20181
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
grov kvinnofridskränkning, grov fridskränkning, djurplågeri, straffrätt, criminal law
language
Swedish
id
8941111
date added to LUP
2018-06-08 09:43:03
date last changed
2018-06-08 09:43:03
@misc{8941111,
  abstract     = {{The penalty clause about gross violation of integrity and gross violation of a woman’s integrity was introduced in Swedish law in 1998 as a means to combat domestic violence. Although, in recent time it has been suggested that the penalty clause disregards an important dimension, namely the violence against pets that is performed in order to hurt the human victim of crime. Research has shown that violence against pets is used to control and isolate the victim. In consultation reports and motions, ideas have been raised that animal cruelty should be included in the penalty clause about gross violation of a woman’s integrity. However, the legislator has denied this, mainly because the crime protects the interest of the animal, and not its owner. 

This essay aims to continue this discussion in order to examine whether animal cruelty could be considered within the penalty clause about gross violation of integrity. At the centre of the discussion are questions about if there is a connection between violence against pets and domestic violence, if violence against pets is a severe violation of the victim’s integrity and whether animal cruelty can be considered within the integrity crime according to principles of acceptable criminalisation. The essay uses a legal dogmatic method and a legal sociology method. 

The essay states that a lot of evidence suggests a correlation between violence against pets and domestic violence. Studies have shown that approximately half of the women who has sought help at shelters has experienced that their pets have been subjected to violence. Such violence was 11 times more common in relationships where domestic violence occurred, compared to in non-violent relationships. It is also stated that pet abuse can pose an attack on the victim’s integrity. This is because violence against pets can be a part of a systematic violation of a person’s integrity and that also the human victim is being hurt when the pet is hurt. 

In order for criminalisation to be acceptable, the criminalized act must induce harm on a relevant interest. Research shows that violence against pets can be part of a violation of a person’s integrity. Animal cruelty is therefore considered to be compatible with the principles of acceptable criminalization. 

The conclusion is that animal cruelty could be considered within the integrity crimes. Although, this presupposes that the legislator’s view on which interest that is protected through the animal cruelty crime is challenged. This can be achieved, for instance, by more research on the effects that pet abuse have on a human victim of crime.}},
  author       = {{Ahlqvist, Julia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Våld mot kvinnor och deras husdjur - En undersökning av om djurplågeribrott bör kunna beaktas inom ramen för fridskränkningsbrotten}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}