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Straffbarhetsåldern ur ett åldersperspektiv. Är regleringen relevant i vår tids samhälle sett till barns utveckling och synen på barn?

Rådelius, Cecilia LU (2018) LAGF03 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den 8 augusti 2018 hittas den hemlösa mannen Gica från Huskvarna död. Två pojkar, 14 och 16 år misstänks för att ha misshandlat Gica till döds, men endast den ena pojken kan åtalas. Den yngre pojken har inte uppnått den lagstadgade straffbarhetsåldern på 15 år, och kan därför inte ådömas en straffrättslig påföljd.

Hur gör man bedömningen att barn under en viss ålder inte kan hållas straffrättsligt ansvariga för sina gärningar? Är det samma argument som ligger till grund för 15-årsgränsen idag som det var förr? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida dagens straffbarhetsålder fortfarande är relevant i vår tids samhälle sett till barns utveckling och synen på barn, eller om det finns behov av en reform.

En rättsdogmatisk... (More)
Den 8 augusti 2018 hittas den hemlösa mannen Gica från Huskvarna död. Två pojkar, 14 och 16 år misstänks för att ha misshandlat Gica till döds, men endast den ena pojken kan åtalas. Den yngre pojken har inte uppnått den lagstadgade straffbarhetsåldern på 15 år, och kan därför inte ådömas en straffrättslig påföljd.

Hur gör man bedömningen att barn under en viss ålder inte kan hållas straffrättsligt ansvariga för sina gärningar? Är det samma argument som ligger till grund för 15-årsgränsen idag som det var förr? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida dagens straffbarhetsålder fortfarande är relevant i vår tids samhälle sett till barns utveckling och synen på barn, eller om det finns behov av en reform.

En rättsdogmatisk metod har använts för att fastställa gällande rätt och dess bakgrund. Jag har vidare undersökt två internationella system och lyft argument rörande dessa i jämförelse med barnkonventionen som är central i ämnet. För att kunna jämföra straffbarhetsåldern med barns utveckling och synen på barn då som nu har fördjupat mig i litteratur rörande detta.

Förr ansåg man att barn inte uppnådde det tillräknelighetskriterium som fanns i straffrätten. Idag fokuserar man snarare på barnens utveckling än deras uppfattning om vad som är rätt och fel, vilket jag har funnit märkligt då barns utveckling och uppfattning synes gå hand i hand. Barn uppmuntras att bli vuxna tidigare idag än för 100 år sedan och detta medför högre krav på barns utveckling och ansvarsförmåga, trots att forskning visar att barn inte är fullt utvecklade förrän vid 18-års ålder. I USA och Storbritannien kan barn i unga åldrar dömas till fängelse och andra straffrättsliga påföljder, något som har visat sig strida mot barnrättskommitténs rekommendationer om straffbarhetsåldern och systemen är därför enligt mig inte lämpliga att efterlikna i Sverige.

Det har förts många diskussioner och argumentationer kring varför straffbarhetsåldern behöver sänkas eller ej. Det preventiva syftet med domstolsprocesser och samhällets förändring rörande barn synes stå i fokus för de som argumenterar för en sänkt straffbarhetsålder, medan barns utveckling och barns negativa påverkan av straffrättsliga påföljder, är huvudargumenten som talar mot en sänkning. Båda sidor framför viktiga synpunkter som jag anser bör tas i beaktande, men jag har efter en analys och avvägning kommit fram till att straffbarhetsåldern bör vara 15 år såsom den är idag, men att preventivt arbete med grund i forskning bör stå i fokus för att förhindra barn att begå brott. (Less)
Abstract
The eight of august 2018 the homeless man Gica from Huskvarna is found dead. Two boys, 14 and 16 years old are suspected of beating Gica to death, but only one of the boys can be prosecuted. The younger boy has not reached the 15-year boundary for criminal age responsibility and can therefore not be sentenced a criminal sanction.

How to assess that children below a certain age can not be held liable for a criminal action? Is it the same arguments that are used for the age limit of 15 years now, as before? The purpose of this essay is to examine if today’s regulation is relevant in our society in relation to children’s developments and how we view children, or if there is a need for a legal reform.

A dogmatic approach has been used in... (More)
The eight of august 2018 the homeless man Gica from Huskvarna is found dead. Two boys, 14 and 16 years old are suspected of beating Gica to death, but only one of the boys can be prosecuted. The younger boy has not reached the 15-year boundary for criminal age responsibility and can therefore not be sentenced a criminal sanction.

How to assess that children below a certain age can not be held liable for a criminal action? Is it the same arguments that are used for the age limit of 15 years now, as before? The purpose of this essay is to examine if today’s regulation is relevant in our society in relation to children’s developments and how we view children, or if there is a need for a legal reform.

A dogmatic approach has been used in order to ascertain today’s regulation and its background. I have also examined two international systems and focused on arguments around these in comparison to the UN convention on the rights of the child which is central within this area. To be able to compare the criminal age responsibility to children’s development and the view on children then as of now, I have looked into literature surrounding this.

Earlier it was considered that children did not meet the criteria of accountability that we had in our penal system. Today, the focus is rather on children’s development than their perception of what is right or wrong, which I have found to be strange since children’s development and their perception seems to go hand in hand. Children are encouraged to become adults earlier today than 100 years ago and because of this there are higher demands on children’s development and responsibility, despite science showing that children are not fully developed until 18-years of age at the earliest. In the United states of America and the United Kingdom children in young ages can be sentenced to prison and other penal sanctions, something that has been shown to go against UN’s Committee on the rights of the child’s recommendations about the criminal age responsibility, and these systems are therefore according to me, not suitable to mimic in Sweden.

A lot of discussions and arguments have been brought about why the criminal age responsibility should be set lower or not. The preventive purpose of judicial proceedings and the changes in society in relation to children, seems to be the core for those who argue for a lower criminal age responsibility, whilst children’s development and the negative effects penal sanctions can have on children, are the most frequently used arguments against a lowering. Both sides convey important point of views that I consider should be taken into account, but I have after an analysis and comparison reached the conclusion that the criminal age responsibility should be 15 years as it is today, but that preventive work with the foundation based on science should be in focus to be able to prevent children from committing crimes. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rådelius, Cecilia LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20182
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
straffrätt, criminal law
language
Swedish
id
8965514
date added to LUP
2019-03-10 14:03:59
date last changed
2019-03-10 14:03:59
@misc{8965514,
  abstract     = {{The eight of august 2018 the homeless man Gica from Huskvarna is found dead. Two boys, 14 and 16 years old are suspected of beating Gica to death, but only one of the boys can be prosecuted. The younger boy has not reached the 15-year boundary for criminal age responsibility and can therefore not be sentenced a criminal sanction.

How to assess that children below a certain age can not be held liable for a criminal action? Is it the same arguments that are used for the age limit of 15 years now, as before? The purpose of this essay is to examine if today’s regulation is relevant in our society in relation to children’s developments and how we view children, or if there is a need for a legal reform.

A dogmatic approach has been used in order to ascertain today’s regulation and its background. I have also examined two international systems and focused on arguments around these in comparison to the UN convention on the rights of the child which is central within this area. To be able to compare the criminal age responsibility to children’s development and the view on children then as of now, I have looked into literature surrounding this.

Earlier it was considered that children did not meet the criteria of accountability that we had in our penal system. Today, the focus is rather on children’s development than their perception of what is right or wrong, which I have found to be strange since children’s development and their perception seems to go hand in hand. Children are encouraged to become adults earlier today than 100 years ago and because of this there are higher demands on children’s development and responsibility, despite science showing that children are not fully developed until 18-years of age at the earliest. In the United states of America and the United Kingdom children in young ages can be sentenced to prison and other penal sanctions, something that has been shown to go against UN’s Committee on the rights of the child’s recommendations about the criminal age responsibility, and these systems are therefore according to me, not suitable to mimic in Sweden.

A lot of discussions and arguments have been brought about why the criminal age responsibility should be set lower or not. The preventive purpose of judicial proceedings and the changes in society in relation to children, seems to be the core for those who argue for a lower criminal age responsibility, whilst children’s development and the negative effects penal sanctions can have on children, are the most frequently used arguments against a lowering. Both sides convey important point of views that I consider should be taken into account, but I have after an analysis and comparison reached the conclusion that the criminal age responsibility should be 15 years as it is today, but that preventive work with the foundation based on science should be in focus to be able to prevent children from committing crimes.}},
  author       = {{Rådelius, Cecilia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Straffbarhetsåldern ur ett åldersperspektiv. Är regleringen relevant i vår tids samhälle sett till barns utveckling och synen på barn?}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}