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Idrottsvåld utanför spelets ramar - Om straffansvar för våld inom den organiserade idrotten

Åleskog, Gustaf LU (2018) LAGF03 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Vid utövandet av flera av våra mest populära idrotter utsätts utövarna regelbundet för våld som i ”vanliga” fall skulle utgöra misshandel. Föreningsfriheten och idrottens positiva samhällspåverkan motiverar en, för idrotten, rättslig särställningen. Ur ett straffrättsligt perspektiv innebär denna särställning helt enkelt att våld som sker i samband med organiserad idrottsutövning tillåts i större utsträckning än i andra fall.

Sommaren 2018 blir Jakob Lilja dömd till villkorlig dom för misshandel i HD, efter en crosschecking han utfört i samband med en ishockeymatch. Den här domen blir det första prejudikatet gällande straffansvar för våldsamma gärningar företagna på en idrottsplan, inom den organiserade idrottsutövningen. Syftet med den... (More)
Vid utövandet av flera av våra mest populära idrotter utsätts utövarna regelbundet för våld som i ”vanliga” fall skulle utgöra misshandel. Föreningsfriheten och idrottens positiva samhällspåverkan motiverar en, för idrotten, rättslig särställningen. Ur ett straffrättsligt perspektiv innebär denna särställning helt enkelt att våld som sker i samband med organiserad idrottsutövning tillåts i större utsträckning än i andra fall.

Sommaren 2018 blir Jakob Lilja dömd till villkorlig dom för misshandel i HD, efter en crosschecking han utfört i samband med en ishockeymatch. Den här domen blir det första prejudikatet gällande straffansvar för våldsamma gärningar företagna på en idrottsplan, inom den organiserade idrottsutövningen. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är därav att utreda när våldsamma gärningar företagna på den organiserade idrottens område leder till straffansvar, och huruvida detta är förutsebart för idrottsutövaren. Metoden som används är en rättsdogmatisk metod vilket innebär tolkning och systematisering av gällande rätt. Rättsläget analyseras utifrån ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv med fokus på förutsebarhet.

Av utredningen framgår att en gärning företagen på en idrottsplan kan, trots att den uppfyller rekvisiten i ett specifikt straffbud, vara fri från ansvar. Gärningen kan rättfärdigas med stöd av samtyckesbestämmelsen eller läran om social adekvans. HD har skapat en allmän undantagsregel om social adekvans specifikt för idrottens område. Denna säger att gärningar som faller inom spelets ramar är att anse som tillåtna.

Knäckfrågan är således vilka gärningar som faller inom spelets ramar. Genom studerande av prejudikatet, tidigare underrättspraxis och doktrin har faktorer som påverkar om en gärning faller innanför eller utanför spelets ramar lyfts fram. Dessa är bl.a. gärningens syfte, dess samband med det pågående spelet samt den specifika idrottens karaktär.

Innan HD:s dom mot Lilja var rättsläget till en viss grad oklart och en idrottsutövare hade svårt att förutse när dennes gärningar skulle kunna komma att bli föremål för ett straffrättsligt förfarande. Rättsläget har blivit tydligare och mer förutsebart efter domen. För en idrottsutövare framstår det, trots HD:s klargörande av rättsläget, däremot som aningen svårt att förutse vad som gör att en våldsgärning faller innanför eller utanför spelets ramar. (Less)
Abstract
In the practice of several of our most popular sports, the players are regularly subjected to violent actions that “normally” would constitute assault. The freedom of association and the positive effect sports has on society motivates a special position for the sports movement in the society. From a criminal law perspective, this special position means that violence that occurs in connection with the practice of organized sports is allowed to a greater extent than in normal cases.

In the summer of 2018, the Supreme Court of Sweden convicts the ice hockey player Jakob Lilja of assault after he hit an opponent in the neck with his stick during an ice hockey game. This case becomes the first precedent regarding criminal responsibility of... (More)
In the practice of several of our most popular sports, the players are regularly subjected to violent actions that “normally” would constitute assault. The freedom of association and the positive effect sports has on society motivates a special position for the sports movement in the society. From a criminal law perspective, this special position means that violence that occurs in connection with the practice of organized sports is allowed to a greater extent than in normal cases.

In the summer of 2018, the Supreme Court of Sweden convicts the ice hockey player Jakob Lilja of assault after he hit an opponent in the neck with his stick during an ice hockey game. This case becomes the first precedent regarding criminal responsibility of an act of violence committed by a player, towards another player, during an organized sports game. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine when an act of violence, committed in connection with organized sports, is subject to criminal procedure, and whether this is predicable to the players. The legal judicial method, which means interpretation and systematization of established law, is applied to the study. The established law is analyzed from a perspective of legal security with focus on predictability.

The study shows that an act of violence, committed during a sports game, which fulfills the requirements of a specific crime, still may be free from liability. The act could be justified by consent or the principle of social adequacy. The Supreme Court of Sweden has created a rule on social adequacy specifically for sports. The rule shows that violent acts that falls within the frames of the game are considered admissible.

The key issue is therefore to determine what type of acts that falls within the frames of the game. By studying the precedent, previous decisions and doctrine, factors that decides whether and act falls within or outside the frames of the game have been laid out. These are for example the purpose of the act, its coherence with the ongoing game and the nature of the specific sport.

The legal situation was to some extent unclear before the precedent and players had difficulties predicting when their actions could be subject to a criminal proceeding. The legal situation has become clearer and more predictable with the precedent. However, it seems, despite the clarification of the legal situation, somewhat difficult for a sportsman to predict when an act of violence falls inside or outside the frames of the game. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Åleskog, Gustaf LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20182
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Criminal Law, Idrottsjuridik, Social adekvans, Samtycke, Rättssäkerhet.
language
Swedish
id
8965534
date added to LUP
2019-03-11 11:20:21
date last changed
2019-03-11 11:20:21
@misc{8965534,
  abstract     = {{In the practice of several of our most popular sports, the players are regularly subjected to violent actions that “normally” would constitute assault. The freedom of association and the positive effect sports has on society motivates a special position for the sports movement in the society. From a criminal law perspective, this special position means that violence that occurs in connection with the practice of organized sports is allowed to a greater extent than in normal cases.

In the summer of 2018, the Supreme Court of Sweden convicts the ice hockey player Jakob Lilja of assault after he hit an opponent in the neck with his stick during an ice hockey game. This case becomes the first precedent regarding criminal responsibility of an act of violence committed by a player, towards another player, during an organized sports game. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine when an act of violence, committed in connection with organized sports, is subject to criminal procedure, and whether this is predicable to the players. The legal judicial method, which means interpretation and systematization of established law, is applied to the study. The established law is analyzed from a perspective of legal security with focus on predictability.

The study shows that an act of violence, committed during a sports game, which fulfills the requirements of a specific crime, still may be free from liability. The act could be justified by consent or the principle of social adequacy. The Supreme Court of Sweden has created a rule on social adequacy specifically for sports. The rule shows that violent acts that falls within the frames of the game are considered admissible. 

The key issue is therefore to determine what type of acts that falls within the frames of the game. By studying the precedent, previous decisions and doctrine, factors that decides whether and act falls within or outside the frames of the game have been laid out. These are for example the purpose of the act, its coherence with the ongoing game and the nature of the specific sport.

The legal situation was to some extent unclear before the precedent and players had difficulties predicting when their actions could be subject to a criminal proceeding. The legal situation has become clearer and more predictable with the precedent. However, it seems, despite the clarification of the legal situation, somewhat difficult for a sportsman to predict when an act of violence falls inside or outside the frames of the game.}},
  author       = {{Åleskog, Gustaf}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Idrottsvåld utanför spelets ramar - Om straffansvar för våld inom den organiserade idrotten}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}