Behandlingen av mahr i svensk rätt
(2018) LAGF03 20182Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Svensk domstol har flera gånger ställts inför frågor som rör den islamiska morgongåvan mahr. Högsta domstolen (HD) meddelande två domar som rör rättsinstitutet 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 och NJA 2017 s. 168. Tidigare avgöranden från högsta instans avseende mahr finns inte. Från hovrätterna finns två publicerade avgöranden, RH 1993:66 och RH 2005:116. I avgörandena kvalificeras mahr på två skilda sätt.
För att mahr ska kunna förstås i den svenska kontexten krävs förståelse av samhället som rättsinstitutet härstammar från. I denna uppsats beskrivs därför vilka syften och olika funktioner som ett avtal om mahr kan ha samt vilket ursprung rättsinstitutet har. Uppsatsen redogör för hur den kollisionsrättsliga behandlingen av mahr har sett ut innan... (More) - Svensk domstol har flera gånger ställts inför frågor som rör den islamiska morgongåvan mahr. Högsta domstolen (HD) meddelande två domar som rör rättsinstitutet 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 och NJA 2017 s. 168. Tidigare avgöranden från högsta instans avseende mahr finns inte. Från hovrätterna finns två publicerade avgöranden, RH 1993:66 och RH 2005:116. I avgörandena kvalificeras mahr på två skilda sätt.
För att mahr ska kunna förstås i den svenska kontexten krävs förståelse av samhället som rättsinstitutet härstammar från. I denna uppsats beskrivs därför vilka syften och olika funktioner som ett avtal om mahr kan ha samt vilket ursprung rättsinstitutet har. Uppsatsen redogör för hur den kollisionsrättsliga behandlingen av mahr har sett ut innan avgörandena från Högsta domstolen. Både domarna från hovrätterna leder till att främmande rätt tillämpats. Uppsatsen redogör därför för hur mahr borde ha sett ut i svensk materiell rätt innan HD-domarna. Eftersom att det saknas praxis på området, så presenteras endast det som framkommer av doktrin.
I och med den nya domen kan man se att mahr huvudsakligen kan kvalificeras som antingen en fråga om underhåll eller en fråga om makars förmögenhetsförhållanden. Att kvalificera mahr som en rent förmögenhetsrättslig fråga torde vara sällsynt. I NJA 2017 s. 168 prövar Högsta domstolen vidare om ett mahr-avtal som kvalificeras som en fråga om makars förmögenhetsförhållanden kan vara giltig enligt svensk materiell rätt.
Slutligen diskuteras de olika kvalifikationerna som har gjorts. För- och nackdelar med de olika kvalifikationerna diskuteras. I analysen tillämpas ett genusperspektiv då mahr är nära sammanlänkat med kvinnans rättsliga ställning och frågan om haltande äktenskap berörs.
Min slutsats är att en enda kvalifikation av mahr inte är möjlig. Rättsinstitutet är inte enhetligt och kan ha olika syften och ändamål. Det borde vara möjligt att kvalificera mahr olika. Kvalifikationen ska bygga på syftet som avtalet har samt de omständigheter under vilka avtalet upprättades. Det borde också vara möjligt, i det fall att mahr består av olika delar som fyller olika syften, att kvalificera delarna olika. Slutligen diskuteras möjligheten att för mahr ha en egen kollisionsregel samt för- och nackdelarna med en sådan reglering. (Less) - Abstract
- Swedish courts have several times faced difficulties arising around the Islamic dower, mahr. The Supreme court settled two cases concerning the legal construction in 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 and NJA 2017 p. 168. The matter had not until then been tried by the Supreme court. There are two preceding rulings from the Courts of Appeal, RH 1993:66 and RH 2005:116. In these decisions, mahr was qualified in two different ways.
In order for mahr to be understood in the Swedish context, an understanding of the society from which the legal institution originated is required. This paper will therefore describe the various functions and goals a mahr contract can have as well as the legal institution's origin. The essay also describes how the... (More) - Swedish courts have several times faced difficulties arising around the Islamic dower, mahr. The Supreme court settled two cases concerning the legal construction in 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 and NJA 2017 p. 168. The matter had not until then been tried by the Supreme court. There are two preceding rulings from the Courts of Appeal, RH 1993:66 and RH 2005:116. In these decisions, mahr was qualified in two different ways.
In order for mahr to be understood in the Swedish context, an understanding of the society from which the legal institution originated is required. This paper will therefore describe the various functions and goals a mahr contract can have as well as the legal institution's origin. The essay also describes how the qualification of mahr was made before the cases from 2017 were settled. The rulings of both Courts of Appeal led to foreign law being applied. The essay therefore explains how mahr in the Swedish substantive law would have looked like before the Supreme court rulings. Since there are no cases with precedent effect from that time, the discussion is based upon what is said in doctrine.
With the new ruling one can see that mahr can mainly be qualified either as a matter of maintenance or a matter of spouses' matrimonial property relations. Qualifying mahr purely as an issue concerning property law should be rare. In NJA 2017 p. 168, the Supreme Court further investigates whether a mahr agreement that qualifies as a matter of spouses' matrimonial property relations can be valid under Swedish substantive law.
Finally, the various judgments and qualifications that were made are discussed. The pros and cons of the different qualifications are discussed. A gender perspective is applied in the analysis, since mahr is closely linked to the woman's legal position and the question of so called limping marriages is discussed.
My conclusion is that a single qualification of mahr is not possible. The legal institution is not uniform and can serve different purposes. It should be possible to qualify mahr differently. The qualification should be based on the purpose of the agreement and also under what circumstances the agreement was made. It should also be possible, in the event that mahr consists of different parts that fulfil different purposes, to qualify the parts differently. Finally, the possibility of having a separate collision rule as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such a regulation is discussed. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8965677
- author
- Selander, Fatima LU
- supervisor
-
- Emma Ahlm LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20182
- year
- 2018
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- internationell privaträtt, mahr, islamisk familjerätt, morgongåva, brudpenning
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8965677
- date added to LUP
- 2019-03-13 12:09:59
- date last changed
- 2019-03-13 12:09:59
@misc{8965677,
abstract = {{Swedish courts have several times faced difficulties arising around the Islamic dower, mahr. The Supreme court settled two cases concerning the legal construction in 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 and NJA 2017 p. 168. The matter had not until then been tried by the Supreme court. There are two preceding rulings from the Courts of Appeal, RH 1993:66 and RH 2005:116. In these decisions, mahr was qualified in two different ways.
In order for mahr to be understood in the Swedish context, an understanding of the society from which the legal institution originated is required. This paper will therefore describe the various functions and goals a mahr contract can have as well as the legal institution's origin. The essay also describes how the qualification of mahr was made before the cases from 2017 were settled. The rulings of both Courts of Appeal led to foreign law being applied. The essay therefore explains how mahr in the Swedish substantive law would have looked like before the Supreme court rulings. Since there are no cases with precedent effect from that time, the discussion is based upon what is said in doctrine.
With the new ruling one can see that mahr can mainly be qualified either as a matter of maintenance or a matter of spouses' matrimonial property relations. Qualifying mahr purely as an issue concerning property law should be rare. In NJA 2017 p. 168, the Supreme Court further investigates whether a mahr agreement that qualifies as a matter of spouses' matrimonial property relations can be valid under Swedish substantive law.
Finally, the various judgments and qualifications that were made are discussed. The pros and cons of the different qualifications are discussed. A gender perspective is applied in the analysis, since mahr is closely linked to the woman's legal position and the question of so called limping marriages is discussed.
My conclusion is that a single qualification of mahr is not possible. The legal institution is not uniform and can serve different purposes. It should be possible to qualify mahr differently. The qualification should be based on the purpose of the agreement and also under what circumstances the agreement was made. It should also be possible, in the event that mahr consists of different parts that fulfil different purposes, to qualify the parts differently. Finally, the possibility of having a separate collision rule as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such a regulation is discussed.}},
author = {{Selander, Fatima}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Behandlingen av mahr i svensk rätt}},
year = {{2018}},
}